600:
623:, which he and his brother Vermudo had first received from Queen Urraca on 29 July 1118, although it was deserted at the time and required its recipients to re-found a religious community there. On the occasion of this gift, the Traba brothers responded in kind by giving a hound named Ulgar and a hunting spear to the queen's son. The gift of Sobrado was confirmed by Alfonso VII on 29 May 1135, but it was not until 14 February 1142 that the Trabas installed a Cistercian abbot, Peter, and some monks, referred to as "all the holy men of God and
225:
277:, who had been raised for a time alongside Fernán in the household of Pedro Fróilaz. The Trabas, allied with Diego, tried to make Alfonso king in Galicia in opposition to his mother. With the death of queen Urraca in 1126 and the accession of Alfonso, Fernán became the leading figure in Galicia and used the opportunity to increase his power throughout the kingdom. Together with Teresa he signed a truce with the new king (shortly after March 1126) at
356:(Latin for "count"), the highest in the kingdom, even though his father was still alive and his brother Vermudo had not yet received it, a sure indication of the influence of Teresa. In 1122 Fernán received a further two castles from her and had probably already become her lover. It has been suggested that they may have married, but Fernán was publicly rebuked by the future saint
31:
595:) Count Fernando Pérez follows this armed troop administering the Galician laws with royal care. His position had been strengthened by his tutoring of the Emperor's son. If one were to see him, one would judge him already a king. He is famed for his royal nobility, and because he bears a count's lineage.
539:
Once more
Alfonso, King of Portugal, gathered his army and went to Limia. When this news reached Galicia, Fernando Pérez and Rodrigo Vélaz and other of the Emperor's Galician nobles were summoned immediately. They marched out with their troops against the Portuguese King and met him at Cernesa. After
228:
In the 1120s Fernán's power extended over almost all of
Galicia and Portugal. His influence helped effect the division (1157) between Galicia and León on one side and Castile and Toledo on the other. Fernán's activities extended as far east as Navarre, where he made war alongside Alfonso VII, and far
642:
of
Caaveiro dated 1 April 1104, 26 February 1135, and 4 December 1154, all forgeries. The cartulary of Caaveiro retains an unusually high number of forged documents and few authentic twelfth-century specimens. This may indicate that at some point in time the abbey's archives were lost or destroyed
253:
south of
Santiago, a position threatening to the apostolic see. The archbishop promptly had it destroyed.He may have been incited by the queen, who was trying to separate Diego from the Trabas to prevent an alliance of regional powers in Galicia from defying the crown. Fernán also mediated between
484:
alleges that the
Galician magnates responsible for the defence of the frontier with Portugal were too slow in answering the royal summons and had to be bribed by Diego Gelmírez to join the royal army. Fernán appears to have been the only Galician to follow the king to the Navarrese frontier later
725:, "detained by a grave illness". The charter may have a basis in fact. There are also two charters of uncertain authenticity recording a donation dated 1 July 1155 by Fernán and his brother Vermudo to the monastery Fernán had founded at Sobrado dos Monxes.
205:), and Urraca, the wife of Juan Arias. Sancha was still living on 24 July 1161, when she signed a document, noting that she was a widow. Probably in that same year she drew up her will. It is preserved, albeit with an incorrect date, in the
1606:
197:. Fernán's only attested wife, Sancha González, daughter of Gonzalo Ansúrez and Urraca Vermúdez, was therefore possibly his second wife. The earliest record of their marriage is from 1134. With her the count had three children:
514:
Prior to , the
Portuguese monarch had come to Galicia several times, but always he had been driven back by Fernando Pérez and Rodrigo Vélaz and other Galician leaders. Often he was forced to return to Portugal dishonored.
681:. It may have been written by Fernán himself, in which case it represents the only evidence that he received any education besides the standard military one for young noblemen. He was brought up at a time when the
751:
to his wife, Fernán's granddaughter, Urraca González, "out of love for your grandfather, Count Don
Fernando, who raised me, and because of faithful service when I was accepted by your father, Count Don Gonzalo".
389:
1602:
721:(Count Gonzalo), implying a succession in the comital title. There is a forged donation by Fernán to the monastery of Caaveiro dated 4 December 1154, in which the count refers to himself as
643:
and the monks felt it necessary to forge deeds for properties that had really been granted. There is the possibility, therefore, that Fernán or his family was a regular donor to
Caaveiro.
670:. It is from this late period of his life that a certain document originates that records a donation of his to the favoured monastery of Sobrado, dated 1 May 1153. It is written in a
1746:
Pallares, María del Carmen; Portela, Ermelindo (1993). "Aristocracias y sistema de parentesco en la
Galicia de los siglos centrales de la Edad Media: el grupo de los Traba".
631:
Fernán and
Vermudo may have desired that the monks contribute to settling and cultivating the surrounding zone. Fernán also made a donation to the Cistercian foundation of
379:("Count Ferdinand of Galicia"), a title his father had used. He does soon reappear in Portuguese documents, indicating a normalising of relations between him and Afonso.
371:, raised an army, and proceeded to take control of his lands. Gathering the Portuguese knights to his cause against his mother and Fernán, he defeated them both at the
1611:
241:, with whom he kept an uneasy truce. Originally, the archbishop and Fernán had been on good terms. At the time of the Galician revolt (1116) he was acting as Diego's
662:, introducing this military order into the Galicia as early as 1128, before they had received official ecclesiastical approbation. In 1152 he made a donation to the
146:, and his first wife, Urraca Fróilaz. His family was the most powerful in Galicia at the time, and he himself held properties in the most important Galician cities:
1899:
262:, which he claimed belonged to the diocese. In 1134 the dispute with Diego flared up once more after Fernán imprisoned one of his knights and the archdeacon of
173:
cook, probably a slave, with the Christian name Martin. Sometime early in the century Fernán took a wife, but they were separated when he became the lover of
360:
for this affair. In that same year (1122) Fernán was able to arrange the advantageous marriage of Vermudo to Urraca Enríquez, daughter of Teresa and Henry.
213:
35:
301:, Fernán's influence was so decisive during the reign of Alfonso VII, that by the king's testament Galicia and León were separated from the kingdoms of
527:) in Galicia, he and Rodrigo Vélaz were defeated by Teresa's son Afonso Henriques, who by that time had proclaimed himself king of Portugal. The
953:
propter amore auu uestri comitis domni Fernandi qui me creauit, et propter seruicium fidelem quem accepi a patre uestro comite domno Gundisaluo
289:. Long after Fernán's own death, in 1178, his daughter Teresa married Ferdinand II as his second wife and her second husband. According to the
808:(Princeton: Princeton University Press), 153, and Fletcher, 148, dated it from a 24 January 1121 document in the archives of the monastery of
579:
in 1147. At Almería he led the Galician contingent, and his presence can be traced with Alfonso's army on 19 August during its departure from
606:, an abandoned royal monastery, was granted to Fernán and his brother Vermudo in 1118. In 1142 they established a Cistercian community there.
685:
script had not yet crowded out the Visigothic, and the document of 1153 may indicate that he was taught in his youth how to write his name.
328:
In 1116 Fernán participated in a Galician revolt against Queen Urraca. The revolt was led by his father on behalf of Teresa, the widow of
627:, living according to the custom of the Cistercians". It was one of the earliest Cistercian foundations in Spain and a daughter house of
1534:
Barton, Simon (2002). "The 'Discovery of Aristocracy' in Twelfth-Century Spain: Portraits of the Secular Élite in the Poem of Almería".
802:
His power in Coimbra lasted from at least 6 April 1121 to 31 March 1128, according to Barton, 242 n19. Both Bernard F. Reilly (1982),
748:
698:
17:
1671:
740:, the name of his son. Fernán died on 1 November 1155. Fernán was buried in the cloister of the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela.
520:
1748:
1622:
250:
559:. Between 1144 and 1155 Fernán was frequently at court, and he participated in almost all of Alfonso VII's major campaigns of the
375:
in 1128. From this year—which was also that of his father's death—Fernán concentrated his influence in Galicia, signing himself
1736:
1478:
459:, which he held as late as 1153. In 1140 Fernán signed Alfonso VII's charter ordering that he and his queen be buried in the
431:
1479:"Estructuras de vasallaje en el área eumesa durante el siglo XII. El círculo de Fideles del conde Fernando Pérez de Traba"
771:, where Fernán, the younger, signs before his elder brother. Barton cites Fernán's earliest document as dated 1 May 1110.
460:
1894:
736:("count Don Fernando in Traba and in Aranga and in Monterroso"), respectively. These are probably copyists' errors for
747:
was raised at his court and in 1170, whether before their marriage or after is not known, he granted the monastery of
274:
1826:
1714:
1524:
451:(ruled 1132–45), which was long to be associated with the patrimonies of the Traba. In 1137 he was given the rule of
182:
827:
291:
1845:
Fernández de Viana y Vieites, José Ignacio; González Balasch, Mª Teresa; de Pablos Ramírez, Juan Carlos (1996).
540:
the battle lines were drawn up, they began to fight. Because of their sins the Counts fled and were defeated.
154:. Fernán's first appearance in the surviving documentation dates from September 1107, just after the death of
506:
174:
270:
258:
and the archbishop in 1121, resulting in Diego bestowing gifts on the Vermudo in return for the fortress of
198:
1884:
99:
186:
1791:"Relaciones Fronterizas entre Portugal y León en tiempos de Alfonso VII: El ejemplo de la Casa de Traba"
1879:
1781:
La nobleza castellana en la plena Edad Media: el linaje de Lara. Tesis doctoral. Universidad de Sevilla
599:
368:
1630:
Actas del Segundo Congreso Nacional de Historia de la Construcción: A Coruña, 22–24 de octubre de 1998
576:
902:
The Trabas later claimed that Sobrado had once belonged to them and had been unjustly confiscated by
363:
Teresa of Portugal had assumed the regency of the county of Portugal during the minority of her son
314:
255:
139:
1564:
942:
Barton cites the request of his daughter María in January 1169 that she be buried beside him there.
329:
1657:(in Spanish). Vol. IV. Santiago de Compostela: Imp. y Enc. del Seminario Conciliar Central.
190:
906:. This is a better indication of the reputation of Ferdinand I in Galicia than of anything else.
448:
372:
286:
194:
728:
There are two documents in the archives of Sobrado dated to June 1160 and 1161, confirmed by a
480:
151:
903:
352:(bearing the title "lord of Coimbra and Portugal"). By 1 February 1121 he was using the title
317:"aimed to sow the seed of discord" when they proposed the division of Alfonso VII's "empire".
1889:
1844:
163:
159:
30:
1574:(in Spanish) (21). Braga: Consello de Betanzos, A Coruña Câmara Municipal de Braga: 77–102.
915:
Fernán gave subsequent grants to the monastery in 1142, 1145, 1153, 1154, and perhaps 1155.
40:
1779:
1694:
743:
Fernán raised the scion of at least one other aristocratic family in his household. Count
388:
8:
1633:
1587:
420:
86:
112:
671:
667:
628:
624:
620:
568:
344:
sealed the alliance between the Traba family and Teresa. Fernán became her governor in
302:
297:
155:
107:
95:
1593:
Saint James's Catapult: The Life and Times of Diego Gelmírez of Santiago de Compostela
702:
91:
1857:
1822:
1805:
1790:
1757:
1732:
1710:
1686:
1658:
1652:
1603:"El Signo Rodado Regio en España: Origen, Desarrollo y Consolidación (Siglos XII–XV)"
1575:
1551:
1520:
1489:
678:
552:
528:
333:
306:
744:
572:
1543:
835:, ed. A. Herculano (Lisbon, 1856), 79-88. Reilly, 153, speculates about a marriage.
713:
on 8 November 1154 and he never reappears in court records. By 4 February 1155, at
677:, while Fernán's signature appears in a completely different script that resembles
364:
202:
66:
1846:
1497:
845:
490:
266:, Pedro Crescónez, whose jurisdiction covered large parts of the Traba patrimony.
1132:
1130:
844:
Translation from the 1887 edition of William Julius Mickle's (1776) translation,
224:
1756:(185). Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC): 823–840.
1724:
651:
639:
285:. In 1149 Alfonso entrusted to him the mentoring of his second son, the future
259:
238:
143:
117:
1127:
130:, records that "if one were to see him , one would judge him already a king."
1873:
1861:
1809:
1761:
1690:
1672:"El Monacato Femenino Gallego en la Alta Edad Media (La Coruña y Pontevedra)"
1662:
1555:
1493:
881:
Barton (2006), numbers these lines 74–78, while Glenn Edward Lipskey (1972),
858:
710:
632:
603:
282:
1685:. A Coruña: Asociación Cultural de Estudios Históricos de Galicia: 119–174.
1579:
467:), the only time he is ever referred to in contemporary a document with the
893:(Northwestern University PhD dissertation), 165, numbers these lines 61–65.
580:
475:
1821:. Salamanca: Junta de Castilla y León, Consejería de educación y cultura.
924:
There is a forged donation to this monastery dated 1147, with many errors.
803:
663:
501:
430: (
425:
337:
126:
121:
882:
709:. The date of Fernán's death is very uncertain. He was last at court in
659:
571:
in January 1147. The chronicles do record his valour in the conquest of
563:, commanding the Galician contingents on numerous occasions against the
548:
consists of an original royal charter of July 1144. In 1146 he held the
1547:
714:
616:
456:
357:
102:, through whom he attained great influence in that domain, and was the
486:
647:
452:
382:
242:
206:
809:
1591:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
793:
He was Ferdinand's tutor from at least 1 March 1149 to 16 May 1150.
706:
655:
564:
439:
278:
212:
of Santiago de Compostela, since the archbishop-elect of Santiago,
1157:
412: (His grandsire's virtues, as his name, he bore),
406: The low-born spouse assumes the monarch's place,
398: Yet still his dauntless worth, his virtue lived,
367:. In 1122, after turning fourteen, Afonso knighted himself in the
219:
468:
444:
416: And the lac'd helmet grasps his beardless chin.
414: Arms for the fight, his ravish'd throne to win;
349:
341:
169:
Early in the twelfth century (before 1125), Pedro gave his son a
1623:"El agua y sus sistemas de suministro en la Compostela medieval"
1046:
805:
The Kingdom of León-Castilla under Queen Urraca, 1109–1126
402: And soon his worth was prov'd, the parent dame
1816:
1798:
Revista da Faculdade de Letras: História. Universidade do Porto
1788:
1542:(6). Liverpool: University of Santiago de Compostela: 453–469.
1136:
556:
545:
504:
against the onslaughts of Afonso Henriques, as recorded by the
396: By Tagus' stream his honour'd age lie clos'd;
273:, Fernán's family was generally allied with her son, the young
263:
1771:
The Kingdom of León-Castilla Under King Alfonso VII, 1126–1157
1115:
732:("count Don Fernando, lord in Monterroso and in Traba") and a
474:
In June 1137 Fernán probably participated in the recapture of
1147:
1145:
1091:
734:
comes dompnus Fernandus in Traua et in Aranga et in Monteroso
408: And from the throne expels the orphan race.
345:
170:
1425:
967:
410: But young Alphonso, like his sires of yore
1817:
Torres Sevilla-Quiñones de León, Margarita Cecilia (1999).
1789:
Torres Sevilla-Quiñones de León, Margarita Cecilia (1998).
1654:
Historia de la Santa A.M. Iglesia de Santiago de Compostela
1236:
1234:
1232:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
769:
Comes Petrus de Gallecia: Fernandus et Veremudus eius filii
583:
and again on 25 November during its triumphant return. The
494:
147:
1628:. In F. Bores; J. Fernández; S. Huerta; E. Rabasa (eds.).
1142:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
1707:
La nobleza altomedieval gallega, la familia Froílaz-Traba
1401:
1389:
1365:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1079:
400: And all the father in the son survived.
320:
237:
In Galicia, Fernán rivalled for influence the archbishop
1413:
1377:
1321:
1287:
1285:
1229:
1205:
1193:
1010:
1355:
1353:
1217:
1181:
1103:
1036:
1034:
979:
730:
comes dompnus Fernandus senior in Monteroso et in Traua
419: —
1819:
Linajes nobiliarios de León y Castilla: Siglos IX-XIII
1333:
249:). In 1121, however, he had constructed a fortress at
27:
12th-century nobleman and count of the Kingdom of León
1449:
1437:
1309:
1282:
1246:
1169:
1350:
1270:
1258:
1031:
863:(Northwestern University PhD dissertation) , I, §76.
229:
to the south of the border, where he engaged in the
1517:
The Aristocracy in Twelfth-century León and Castile
1067:
1607:Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y Genealogía
500:Fernán defended with difficulty the valley of the
463:. Fernán signed as "count Don Fernando of Traba" (
383:Role in the defence of the realm under Alfonso VII
193:and, when widowed, became the second wife of King
1773:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
933:This document has been misdated at times to 1152.
471:"de Traba" by which he is now universally known.
404: Avow'd a second hymeneal flame.
177:. With Teresa he had two daughters: Sancha (born
1871:
1620:
1163:
717:, his son Gonzalo was signing royal charters as
654:, the second time in 1153. He gave lands to the
1777:
1745:
1600:
1097:
1061:
973:
220:Relationship with the Archdiocese and the Crown
1650:
1476:
1704:
1632:. Madrid: I. Juan de Herrera. Archived from
1565:"El monasterio de las Cascas (Betanzos) (I)"
1562:
1151:
1900:12th-century nobility from León and Castile
1669:
638:There are three donations by Fernán to the
610:
158:, when his father confirmed a privilege of
1731:(in Portuguese). Lisbon: Temas e Debates.
1709:(in Spanish). La Coruña: Toxosoutos, S.L.
567:. The major exception was the conquest of
67:[feɾˈnandoˈpeɾeθðeˈtɾaβa,feɾˈnam-]
1519:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
485:that year. He was with the royal army at
394:But now no more in tented fields oppos'd,
1586:
1344:
1223:
1187:
1085:
1025:
598:
223:
29:
1723:
1601:Francisco Olmos, José María de (2009).
14:
1872:
1768:
1749:Hispania. Revista Española de Historia
1533:
1514:
1455:
1443:
1431:
1419:
1407:
1395:
1383:
1371:
1359:
1327:
1315:
1291:
1276:
1264:
1252:
1240:
1211:
1199:
1175:
1121:
1109:
1073:
1040:
1004:
443:Fernán received from the king was the
175:Theresa Alfónsez, Countess of Portugal
85:
65:
1854:Cátedra. Revista de Estudios Eumeses
1469:
1137:Torres Sevilla-Quiñones de León 1999
891:The Chronicle of Alfonso the Emperor
860:The Chronicle of Alfonso the Emperor
619:, and patronised their monastery at
1486:Cátedra. Revista eumesa de estudios
688:
489:on 3 October, though by 20 October
461:Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela
94:who for a time held power over all
90:), was a nobleman and count of the
24:
1837:
1596:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
25:
1911:
1778:Sánchez de Mora, Antonio (2003).
780:As his biographer relates in the
1705:López-Sangil, José Luis (2002).
1651:López Ferreiro, Antonio (1901).
1621:González Vázquez, Marta (1998).
493:had also joined the army on the
465:comes dominus Fernandus de Traua
387:
87:[fɨɾˈnɐ̃wˈpeɾɨʒðɨˈtɾavɐ]
1670:López Morán, Enriqueta (2004).
1563:Daviña Sáinz, Santiago (1998).
1464:
1297:
945:
936:
927:
918:
909:
896:
875:
866:
851:
838:
828:Portugaliae Monumenta Historica
815:
796:
787:
774:
762:
701:in Galicia and in 1152 that of
693:In 1151 Fernán was holding the
544:The record of Fernán's rule in
292:Chronica latina regum Castellae
46:used by Fernando Pérez de Traba
1477:Barón Faraldo, Andrés (2010).
615:Fernán actively supported the
13:
1:
961:
857:Glenn Edward Lipskey (1972),
507:Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris
336:. The victories in battle at
324:ruler of Portugal (1121–1128)
138:Fernán was the second son of
71:
1536:Bulletin of Hispanic Studies
1488:(in Spanish) (17): 163–186.
7:
1856:(in Spanish) (3): 267–437.
1769:Reilly, Bernard F. (1998).
1098:Pallares & Portela 1993
1062:Pallares & Portela 1993
723:graui infirmitate detemptus
377:comes Fernandus de Gallecie
110:between 1121 and 1128. The
100:Countess Teresa of Portugal
10:
1916:
1784:(in Spanish). Vol. I.
951:The original Latin reads:
872:Barton renders it "brave".
447:in 1131. He soon received
124:'s major victories of the
1895:People of the Reconquista
821:Fletcher, 39, citing the
587:describes Fernán's role:
133:
98:. He became the lover of
1124:, pp. 59-60 and 82.
755:
611:Patronage and pilgrimage
392:
120:poem celebrating one of
313:claims that Fernán and
166:, along with his sons.
77:– 1 November 1155), or
18:Fernando Pérez de Trava
1847:"El Tumbo de Caaveiro"
1515:Barton, Simon (1997).
782:Historia compostellana
607:
597:
542:
517:
481:Historia compostellana
315:Manrique Pérez de Lara
234:
152:Santiago de Compostela
140:Pedro Fróilaz de Traba
47:
1434:, p. 31 and n15.
1164:González Vázquez 1998
646:Fernán twice visited
602:
589:
537:
512:
227:
216:, was a beneficiary.
181:. 1121), who married
164:monastery of Caaveiro
79:Fernão Peres de Trava
33:
1804:(2). Porto: 301–12.
1588:Fletcher, Richard A.
974:Francisco Olmos 2009
738:Gundesaluus Fernandi
575:in 1146, and in the
519:In 1139 or 1140, at
455:and in 1140 that of
373:Battle of São Mamede
269:During the reign of
195:Ferdinand II of León
189:, who first married
1885:11th-century births
1729:D. Afonso Henriques
577:conquest of Almería
531:is recorded in the
369:Cathedral of Zamora
1572:Anuario Brigantino
1548:10.3828/bhs.83.6.1
1422:, pp. 177–78.
1410:, p. 242 n13.
1398:, p. 242 n15.
1386:, pp. 197–99.
1374:, p. 242 n16.
1330:, pp. 460–61.
1243:, pp. 127–31.
1214:, pp. 217–18.
1202:, pp. 213–14.
1064:, pp. 823–40.
1007:, pp. 241–42.
658:on the coast near
621:Sobrado dos Monxes
608:
604:Sobrado dos Monxes
298:De rebus Hispaniae
254:his elder brother
235:
191:Nuño Pérez de Lara
156:Raymond of Galicia
108:County of Portugal
48:
1880:Galician nobility
1738:978-972-759-911-0
1470:Secondary sources
1166:, p. 215 n8.
1152:López-Sangil 2002
1112:, p. 241 n1.
1088:, p. 40 n31.
1028:, pp. 38–40.
719:comes Gundisaluus
553:Monforte de Lemos
533:Chronica Adefonsi
529:Battle of Cerneja
417:
334:Count of Portugal
330:Henry of Burgundy
275:Alfonso Raimúndez
214:Fernando Curialis
201:, María (married
142:, founder of the
16:(Redirected from
1907:
1865:
1851:
1832:
1813:
1795:
1785:
1774:
1765:
1742:
1720:
1701:
1699:
1693:. Archived from
1676:
1666:
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1617:
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1508:
1502:
1496:. Archived from
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772:
766:
689:Death and legacy
585:Poema de Almería
434:, part of 28–31)
393:
391:
365:Afonso Henriques
309:. The anonymous
203:Ponce de Cabrera
183:Álvaro Rodríguez
113:Poema de Almería
89:
84:
76:
73:
69:
64:
44:
21:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1870:
1869:
1868:
1849:
1840:
1838:Primary sources
1835:
1829:
1793:
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937:
932:
928:
923:
919:
914:
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897:
885:Poem of Almería
880:
876:
871:
867:
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843:
839:
820:
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613:
478:, although the
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429:
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326:
222:
136:
92:Kingdom of León
82:
74:
62:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1913:
1903:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1867:
1866:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1833:
1827:
1814:
1800:(in Spanish).
1786:
1775:
1766:
1752:(in Spanish).
1743:
1737:
1721:
1715:
1702:
1700:on 2012-02-17.
1681:(in Spanish).
1667:
1648:
1618:
1598:
1584:
1560:
1531:
1525:
1512:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1460:
1458:, p. 247.
1448:
1446:, p. 207.
1436:
1424:
1412:
1400:
1388:
1376:
1364:
1349:
1332:
1320:
1318:, p. 180.
1308:
1296:
1294:, p. 179.
1281:
1269:
1257:
1255:, p. 241.
1245:
1228:
1226:, p. 232.
1216:
1204:
1192:
1190:, p. 147.
1180:
1178:, p. 170.
1168:
1156:
1141:
1139:, p. 336.
1126:
1114:
1102:
1100:, p. 833.
1090:
1078:
1066:
1045:
1043:, p. 463.
1030:
1009:
978:
965:
963:
960:
957:
956:
944:
935:
926:
917:
908:
895:
874:
865:
850:
837:
823:Vita Theotonii
814:
795:
786:
773:
760:
759:
757:
754:
745:Froila Ramírez
690:
687:
652:Second Crusade
640:canons regular
625:Saint Benedict
612:
609:
386:
384:
381:
325:
319:
239:Diego Gelmirez
221:
218:
144:House of Traba
135:
132:
59:Pérez de Traba
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1912:
1901:
1898:
1896:
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1888:
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1883:
1881:
1878:
1877:
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1843:
1842:
1830:
1828:84-7846-781-5
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1730:
1726:
1725:Mattoso, José
1722:
1718:
1716:84-95622-68-8
1712:
1708:
1703:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
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1655:
1649:
1639:on 2017-02-02
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1526:9780521497275
1522:
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1503:on 2017-02-02
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1397:
1392:
1385:
1380:
1373:
1368:
1362:, p. 64.
1361:
1356:
1354:
1347:, p. 40.
1346:
1345:Fletcher 1984
1341:
1339:
1337:
1329:
1324:
1317:
1312:
1305:
1300:
1293:
1288:
1286:
1279:, p. 32.
1278:
1273:
1267:, p. 19.
1266:
1261:
1254:
1249:
1242:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1225:
1224:Fletcher 1984
1220:
1213:
1208:
1201:
1196:
1189:
1188:Fletcher 1984
1184:
1177:
1172:
1165:
1160:
1154:, p. 99.
1153:
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1146:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1123:
1118:
1111:
1106:
1099:
1094:
1087:
1086:Fletcher 1984
1082:
1076:, p. 80.
1075:
1070:
1063:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1027:
1026:Fletcher 1984
1022:
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1016:
1014:
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1001:
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993:
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989:
987:
985:
983:
976:, p. 29.
975:
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666:monastery of
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633:Monfero Abbey
630:
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591:The valiant (
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541:
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491:Rodrigo Vélaz
488:
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106:ruler of the
105:
101:
97:
93:
88:
80:
68:
60:
56:
52:
45:
42:
37:
32:
19:
1890:1150s deaths
1853:
1818:
1801:
1797:
1780:
1770:
1753:
1747:
1728:
1706:
1695:the original
1682:
1678:
1653:
1641:. Retrieved
1634:the original
1629:
1592:
1571:
1539:
1535:
1516:
1505:. Retrieved
1498:the original
1485:
1465:Bibliography
1451:
1439:
1427:
1415:
1403:
1391:
1379:
1367:
1323:
1311:
1303:
1299:
1272:
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1219:
1207:
1195:
1183:
1171:
1159:
1117:
1105:
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969:
952:
947:
938:
929:
920:
911:
898:
890:
884:
877:
868:
859:
853:
846:p. 69 and n1
840:
832:
826:
822:
817:
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798:
789:
781:
776:
768:
764:
742:
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733:
729:
727:
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718:
694:
692:
682:
672:
645:
637:
614:
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590:
584:
560:
549:
543:
538:
532:
524:
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499:
479:
473:
464:
438:
436:
424:
376:
362:
353:
327:
321:
310:
296:
290:
287:Ferdinand II
271:Queen Urraca
268:
246:
236:
230:
209:
178:
168:
137:
125:
111:
103:
78:
58:
54:
50:
49:
36:Signo rodado
34:
1610: [
1456:Barton 1997
1444:Barton 1997
1432:Barton 1997
1420:Reilly 1998
1408:Barton 1997
1396:Barton 2002
1384:Barton 2002
1372:Barton 1997
1360:Barton 1997
1328:Barton 2002
1316:Barton 1997
1292:Barton 1997
1277:Barton 1997
1265:Barton 1997
1253:Barton 1997
1241:Barton 1997
1212:Barton 1997
1200:Barton 1997
1176:Barton 1997
1122:Barton 1997
1110:Barton 1997
1074:Barton 1997
1041:Barton 2002
1005:Barton 1997
904:Ferdinand I
705:in western
664:Benedictine
617:Cistercians
561:Reconquista
426:The Lusiads
338:Vilasobroso
231:Reconquista
127:Reconquista
122:Alfonso VII
83:Portuguese:
75: 1090
39: [
1874:Categories
1643:2016-03-12
1507:2016-03-10
962:References
833:Scriptores
715:Valladolid
679:Visigothic
650:after the
457:Monterroso
449:Trastámara
437:The first
358:Theotonius
160:Alfonso VI
1862:1133-9608
1810:0871-164X
1762:0018-2141
1691:1885-6349
1663:932806777
1556:1475-3839
1494:1133-9608
1306:, I, §78.
648:Jerusalem
635:in 1145.
629:Clairvaux
569:Calatrava
550:tenencias
453:Trasancos
432:Canto III
243:constable
207:cartulary
1727:(2014).
1679:Nalgures
1590:(1984).
1580:72890459
707:Asturias
695:tenencia
683:francesa
673:francesa
660:A Coruña
656:Templars
593:strenuus
565:Almohads
440:tenencia
322:De facto
311:Chronica
295:and the
279:Ricobayo
247:municeps
162:for the
104:de facto
63:Spanish:
51:Fernando
573:Córdoba
525:Cernesa
521:Cerneja
487:Logroño
469:toponym
421:Camoens
350:Coimbra
342:Lanhoso
303:Castile
256:Bermudo
210:Tumbo C
199:Gonzalo
171:Moorish
96:Galicia
1860:
1825:
1808:
1760:
1735:
1713:
1689:
1661:
1578:
1554:
1523:
1492:
810:Lorvão
711:Toledo
675:script
557:Sarria
307:Toledo
283:Zamora
264:Nendos
251:Raneta
187:Teresa
185:, and
134:Family
55:Fernán
1850:(PDF)
1794:(PDF)
1698:(PDF)
1675:(PDF)
1637:(PDF)
1626:(PDF)
1614:]
1568:(PDF)
1501:(PDF)
1482:(PDF)
883:"The
825:, in
756:Notes
749:Morás
703:Solís
699:Búbal
668:Xuvia
581:Baeza
502:Minho
445:Limia
354:comes
346:Porto
281:near
118:Latin
43:]
1858:ISSN
1823:ISBN
1806:ISSN
1758:ISSN
1733:ISBN
1711:ISBN
1687:ISSN
1659:OCLC
1576:OCLC
1552:ISSN
1521:ISBN
1490:ISSN
555:and
546:Deza
495:Ebro
348:and
340:and
305:and
260:Faro
150:and
148:Lugo
116:, a
53:(or
1544:doi
1304:CAI
697:of
510::
476:Túy
1876::
1852:.
1802:15
1796:.
1754:53
1677:.
1612:es
1605:.
1570:.
1550:.
1540:83
1538:.
1484:.
1352:^
1335:^
1284:^
1231:^
1144:^
1129:^
1048:^
1033:^
1012:^
981:^
889:,
831:,
535::
497:.
423:,
332:,
72:c.
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41:es
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1831:.
1812:.
1764:.
1741:.
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1665:.
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1616:.
1582:.
1558:.
1546::
1529:.
1510:.
887:"
848:.
812:.
784:.
523:(
245:(
233:.
179:c
81:(
61:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
