Nintendo Entertainment System

728:, a division that focused solely on hardware. Yamauchi, through extensive discussions with Uemura and other engineers, recognised the potential of the developing console beyond gaming. He envisioned a home-computer system disguised as a toy, which could significantly expand Nintendo's reach if it became popular with children. This popularity would drive demand for games, with Nintendo as the sole provider. Indeed, by 1980 several systems had already been released in Japan by both American and Japanese companies. Yamauchi tasked Uemura with developing a system that would be superior to its competitors and difficult to replicate for at least a year. Uemura's main challenge was economic rather than technological; Yamauchi wanted the system to be affordable enough for widespread household adoption, aiming for a price of ¥9,800 (less than $ 75) compared to existing machines priced at ¥30,000 to ¥50,000 ($ 200 to $ 350). The new system had to outperform other systems, both Japanese and American, while being significantly more affordable. 2742:(FTC). The FTC conducted an extensive investigation which included interviewing hundreds of retailers. During the FTC probe, Nintendo changed the terms of its publisher licensing agreements to eliminate the two-year rule and other restrictive terms. Nintendo and the FTC settled the case in April 1991, with Nintendo required to send vouchers giving a $ 5 discount off to a new game, to every person that had purchased an NES game between June 1988 and December 1990. GameSpy remarked that Nintendo's punishment was particularly weak given the case's findings, although it has been speculated that the FTC did not want to damage the video game industry in the United States. 1696: 2487: 2096: 2040: 2854: 954: 2226: 2054: 2338: 81: 1026:

audiophile-inspired design elements, such as the grey colour scheme and boxy form factor. Disappointed with the cosmetically raw prototype part they received from Japan, which they nicknamed "the lunchbox", Nintendo of America designers Lance Barr and Don James added the two-tone gray, the black stripe, and the red lettering. To obscure the video game connotation, the NES replaced the top-loading cartridge slot of the Famicom and AVS with a front-loading chamber for software cartridges that kept the inserted cartridge out of view, reminiscent of a

1659: 2066: 2028: 1716:. The socket works well when both the connector and the cartridges are clean and the pins on the connector are new. However, the socket is not truly zero-insertion force. When a user inserts the cartridge into the NES, the force of pressing the cartridge into place bends the contact pins slightly and presses the cartridge's ROM board back into the cartridge. Frequent insertion and removal of cartridges wears out the pins, and the ZIF design proved more prone to interference by dirt and dust than an industry-standard card edge connector. 2937:, when many retailers and adult consumers regarded electronic games as a passing fad, so many believed at first that the NES would soon fade. Before the NES and Famicom, Nintendo was known as a moderately successful Japanese toy and playing card manufacturer, but the consoles' popularity helped the company grow into an internationally recognized name almost synonymous with video games as Atari had been, and set the stage for Japanese dominance of the video game industry. With the NES, Nintendo also changed the relationship between 2016: 1812: 2705:

Nintendo, so publishers assumed all the risk. As a result, some publishers lost more money due to distress sales of remaining inventory at the end of the NES era than they ever earned in profits from sales of the games. Because Nintendo controlled the production of all cartridges, it was able to enforce strict rules on its third-party developers, who were required to sign a contract that would obligate them to develop exclusively for the system, order at least 10,000 cartridges, and only make five games per year. The global

2922: 2329: 1530: 1768: 1568:

slot to avoid reliability issues with the original console; the redesign also omitted AV output. Conversely, the redesigned Famicom has such output and introduced detachable game controllers, though the microphone functionality was omitted as a result. The redesigned Famicom and NES models are cosmetically similar aside from the presence of a cartridge "bump" on the NES model, which the Famicom model lacks to accommodate its shorter cartridges and as the RAM Adapter for the Famicom Disk System.

63: 2501: 1516: 75: 2080: 1618: 2621: 1504: 11492: 638: 56: 11480: 2591:, which were manufactured in gold-plastic carts. Unlicensed carts were produced in black, robin egg blue, and gold, and are all slightly different shapes than standard NES cartridges. Nintendo also produced yellow-plastic carts for internal use at Nintendo Service Centers, although these "test carts" were never made available for purchase. All licensed US cartridges were made by Nintendo, Konami, and Acclaim. For promotion of 992: 1304: 11468: 2556: 2442:. Nintendo also demanded half of the copyright ownership for each game it selected for release on the Disk System, resulting in developers electing to remain on cartridge instead as the latter gained functionality previously considered unique to the former. Developers disliked the lower profit margin of the Disk Writer kiosks, and retailers complained of their use of valuable space as demand for the format waned. 11504: 1542: 1175:, you're gonna sell Nintendo as well. And if you feel that strongly about it, then you ought to just resign the line now." This marketing tactic led to the NES' financial success in North America in its first year; Nintendo of America would later terminate the contract and hired the company's sales staff (whom Atari offered them in 1983), while taking on physical distribution of the console itself. 1643:, emerged as the most popular video game console of its time in that setting and it enjoyed a degree of fame roughly equivalent to that experienced by the NES/Famicom in North America and Japan. A range of Famicom clones was marketed in Argentina during the late 1980s and early 1990s with the name Family Game, resembling the original hardware design. Thailand got Family FR brand famiclones, the 1736:

insertion, pushing the ZIF up and down repeatedly, holding the ZIF down lower than it should have been, and cleaning the connectors with alcohol. Many frequently used methods to fix this problem actually risk damaging gaming cartridges or the system. In 1989, Nintendo released an official NES Cleaning Kit to help users clean malfunctioning cartridges and consoles.

2473:

expansion port. However, such a release never materialized due to its reception in Japan. Most of its games were re-released with workarounds on cartridge for both the Famicom and NES, without the enhanced audio. Although the last game for the Disk System was released in December 1992, Nintendo continued repair and rewrite services for it until September 2003.

2833:

original, copyrighted instruction booklets with its rented games. In compliance with the ruling, Blockbuster produced original short instructions—usually in the form of a small booklet, card, or label stuck on the back of the rental box—that explained the game's basic premise and controls. Video rental shops continued the practice of renting video games.

2811:. Historian Steven Kent wrote, "Wisdom Tree presented Nintendo with a prickly situation. The general public did not seem to pay close attention to the court battle with Atari Games, and industry analysts were impressed with Nintendo's legal acumen; but going after a tiny company that published innocuous religious games was another story." 1955:. The redesigned Famicom omits the RF modulator entirely, only outputting composite video via a proprietary "multi-out" connector first introduced on the Super Famicom/SNES; conversely, the redesigned NES features RF modulator output only, though a version of the model including the "multi-out" connector was produced in rare quantities. 1227:, was part of a marketing plan to portray the NES's technology as being novel and sophisticated when compared to previous game consoles, and to portray its position as being within reach of the better established toy market. Though at first, the American public exhibited limited excitement for the console itself, peripherals such as the 1728:(SNES) as a top loader similar to the Famicom. Many players try to alleviate issues in the game caused by this corrosion by blowing into the cartridges, then reinserting them, which actually speeds up the tarnishing due to moisture. One way to slow down the tarnishing process and extend the life of the cartridges is to use 6627: 814:. The project's chief manager Takao Sawano brought a ColecoVision home to his family, impressed by its smooth graphics, which contrasts with the flicker and slowdown commonly seen on Atari 2600 games. Uemura said the ColecoVision set the bar for the Famicom. They wanted to surpass it and match the more powerful 3280:

released in 1979 that was classified as a "consumer electronic device". As such, Nintendo could not reuse the trademark under Japanese law due to the overlap in classification between the two products. Sharp eventually transferred the trademark to Nintendo on October 17, 1985, but the latter retained

2904:

in 1995. In the wake of ever decreasing sales and the lack of new games, Nintendo of America officially discontinued the NES by 1995. Nintendo produced new Famicom units in Japan until September 25, 2003, and continued to repair Famicom consoles until October 31, 2007, attributing the discontinuation

2521:

In 1991, Nintendo provided an add-on called the "Super NES Counter Tester" that tests Super NES components and games. The Super NES Counter Tester is a standard Control Deck on a metal fixture with the connection from the back of the unit re-routed to the front. These connections may be made directly

2513:

The NES Test Station diagnostics machine was introduced in 1988. It is an NES-based unit designed for testing NES hardware, components, and games. It was only provided for use in World of Nintendo boutiques as part of the Nintendo World Class Service program. Visitors were to bring items to test with

2142:

Instead of the Famicom's hardwired controllers, the NES has two proprietary seven-pin ports on the front of the console to support detachable controllers and third-party peripherals. The controllers bundled with the NES are identical and include the START and SELECT buttons, lacking the microphone on

1802:

Problems with the 10NES lockout chip frequently result in one of the console's most common issues: the blinking red power light, in which the system appears to turn itself on and off repeatedly because the 10NES would reset the console once per second. The lockout chip required constant communication

1775:

The Famicom as released in Japan contains no lockout hardware, which led to unlicensed cartridges (both legitimate and bootleg) becoming extremely common throughout Japan and East Asia. Nintendo tried to promote its "Seal of Quality" in these regions to identify licensed games to combat bootlegs, but

1201:

system acts as a lock-and-key coupling of each Game Pak and Control Deck. The packaging of the launch lineup of NES games bear pictures of close representations of actual onscreen graphics. To reduce consumer confusion, symbols on the games' packaging clearly indicate the genre of the game. A seal of

1016:

in the United States. By the time the NES launched, nearly 100,000 VS. Systems had been sold to American arcades. The success of the VS. System gave Nintendo the confidence to release the Famicom in North America as a video game console, for which there was growing interest due to Nintendo's positive

789:

The codename for the project was "GameCom", but Masayuki Uemura's wife proposed the name "Famicom", arguing that "In Japan, 'pasokon' is used to mean a personal computer, but it is neither a home nor personal computer. Perhaps we could say it is a family computer." Meanwhile, Hiroshi Yamauchi decided

3145:

On July 14, 2016, Nintendo announced the November 2016 launch of a miniature replica of the NES, named the Nintendo Entertainment System: NES Classic Edition in the United States and Nintendo Classic Mini: Nintendo Entertainment System in Europe and Australia. The emulation-based console includes 30

2912:

in the United Kingdom. By 1990, the Master System was the highest-selling console in Europe, though the NES was beginning to have a fast-growing user base in the United Kingdom. During the early 1990s, NES sales caught up with and narrowly overtook the Master System overall in Western Europe, though

2578:

The back of the cartridge bears a label with handling instructions. Production and software revision codes were imprinted as stamps on the back label to correspond with the software version and producer. All licensed NTSC and PAL cartridges are a standard shade of gray plastic, with the exception of

2450:

to reduce costs; blue disks and later Disk Cards included shutters. The rubber belt-based disk drives were also unreliable, with cryptic error codes complicating troubleshooting; even when fully functional, players accustomed to cartridges were annoyed with the introduction of loading times and disk

1787:

in North America, partially caused by a market flooded with uncontrolled publishing of games of poor quality for the home consoles. Nintendo did not want to see that happen with the NES and used the lockout chip to restrict games to only those they licensed and approved for the system. This means of

1739:

In response to these hardware flaws, "Nintendo Authorized Repair Centers" sprang up across the U.S. According to Nintendo, the authorization program was designed to ensure that the machines were properly repaired. Nintendo would ship the necessary replacement parts only to shops that had enrolled in

1011:

in 1984. The system's success in arcades paved the way for the official release of the NES console. With US retailers refusing to stock game consoles, Yamauchi realized there was still a market for video games in the arcades, so he introduced the Famicom to North America through the arcade industry.

3259:

The NES was the overall bestselling system worldwide of its time. In Japan and the United States, it controlled 85-90% of the market. In Europe, it was at most in 10-12% of households. Nintendo sold 61.91 million NES units worldwide: 19.35 million in Japan, 34 million in the Americas, and 8.56

2765:

Companies that refused to pay the licensing fee or were rejected by Nintendo found ways to circumvent the console's authentication system. Most of these companies created circuits that use a voltage spike to temporarily disable the 10NES chip. A few unlicensed games released in Europe and Australia

1567:

In late 1993, Nintendo introduced a redesigned version of the Famicom and NES (officially named the New Famicom in Japan and the New-Style NES in the US) to complement the Super Famicom and SNES, to prolong interest in the console, and to reduce costs. The redesigned NES has a top-loading cartridge

1311:

For its complete North American release, the Nintendo Entertainment System was progressively released over the ensuing years in several different bundles, beginning with the Deluxe Set, the Basic Set, the Action Set, and the Power Set. The Deluxe Set was launched in the 1985 test markets, retailing

1185:

appeared across consoles with substantial variations in graphics, sound, and general quality. In contrast, Nintendo's marketing strategy aimed to regain consumer and retailer confidence by delivering a singular platform whose graphics could be represented truthfully and whose qualities were clearly

2827:

rental for a few days. Nintendo received no profit from the practice beyond the initial cost of their game, and unlike movie rentals, a newly released game could hit store shelves and be available for rent on the same day. Nintendo took steps to stop game rentals, but did not take any formal legal

2704:

in late summer 1988. Nintendo's intention was to reserve a large part of NES game revenue for itself. Nintendo required that it be the sole manufacturer of all cartridges, and that the publisher had to pay in full before the cartridges for that game be produced. Cartridges could not be returned to

1559:

expansion port located on the unit's front panel for accessories. In contrast, the design of the original NES features a more subdued gray, black, and red color scheme; it includes a front-loading cartridge slot covered by a small, hinged door that can be opened to insert or remove a cartridge and

1239:

In Europe and Oceania, the NES was released in two separate marketing regions. The first consisted of mainland Europe (excluding Italy) where distribution was handled by several different companies, with Nintendo responsible for manufacturing. The NES saw an early launch in Europe in 1986 although

2832:

began to make game rentals a large-scale service. Nintendo claimed that allowing customers to rent games would significantly hurt sales and drive up the cost of games. Nintendo lost the lawsuit, but did win on a claim of copyright infringement. Blockbuster was banned from including photocopies of

2770:

to connect to a licensed game, to use the licensed game's 10NES chip for authentication. To combat unlicensed games, Nintendo of America threatened retailers who sold them with losing their supply of licensed games, and multiple revisions were made to the NES PCBs to prevent unlicensed games from

2472:

for game saving, and declining overall production costs. Nintendo alluded to a Western release for the Disk System, going so far as to successfully file a U.S. patent for it and having the Famicom's cartridge pins used by its RAM Adapter for enhanced audio rerouted to the NES's little-used bottom

1020:

At the 1985 Consumer Electronics Show (CES), Nintendo unveiled the American version of the Famicom: a stripped-down and cost-reduced redesign of the Advanced Video System (AVS), having abandoned the home computer approach. Nintendo purposefully designed the system to avoid resembling a video game

841:

machines, although the Famicom design team originally wanted to use arcade-style joysticks, even dismantling some from American game consoles to see how they worked. There were concerns regarding the durability of the joystick design and that children might step on joysticks on the floor. Katsuya

833:

Original plans called for the Famicom's cartridges to be the size of a cassette tape, but ultimately they ended up being twice as big. Careful design attention was paid to the cartridge connectors because loose and faulty connections often plagued arcade machines. As it necessitated 60 connection

2945:

The NES hardware design is also very influential. Nintendo chose the name "Nintendo Entertainment System" for the US market and redesigned the system so it would not give the appearance of a child's toy. The front-loading cartridge input allowed it to be used more easily in a TV stand with other

2861:

In June 1989, Nintendo of America's vice president of marketing Peter Main, said that the Famicom was present in 37% of Japan's households. By 1990, 30% of American households owned the NES, compared to 23% for all personal computers. By 1990, the NES had outsold all previously released consoles

1791:

Initially, the 10NES chip proved a significant barrier to unlicensed developers seeking to develop and sell games for the console. However, hobbyists in later years discovered that disassembling the NES and cutting the fourth pin of the lockout chip would change the chip's mode of operation from

3219:

For distribution purposes, most of Europe and Australasia were divided into two regions by Nintendo. The first of these regions consisted of mainland Europe (excluding Italy) and Scandinavia, which saw the NES released from 1986 to 1988, depending on the country. The console was released in the

3209:

2517:

The NES Test Station's front has a Game Pak slot and connectors for testing various components (AC adapter, RF switch, Audio/Video cable, NES Control Deck, accessories and games), with a centrally-located selector knob to choose which component to test. The unit itself weighs approximately 11.7

1686:

As was the case with unlicensed games, Nintendo has typically gone to the courts to prohibit the manufacture and sale of unlicensed cloned hardware. Many of the clone vendors have included built-in copies of licensed Nintendo software, which constitutes copyright infringement in most countries.

1252:

handled distribution for the second region, consisting of the United Kingdom, Ireland, Italy, Australia and New Zealand. In other European countries, distribution was taken over by smaller companies like Bienengräber in Germany, ASD in France, Concentra in Portugal, Itochu in Greece and Cyprus,

1060:

This was deployed as the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES). Nintendo seeded these first systems to limited American test markets starting in New York City on October 18, 1985, and followed up in Los Angeles in February 1986; the American nationwide release came on September 27, 1986. Nintendo

2445:

Usage of a floppy disk-based medium brought about further complications; Disk Cards were more fragile than cartridges and were prone to data corruption from magnetic exposure. Their unreliability was exacerbated by their lack of a shutter, which Nintendo substituted with a wax sleeve and clear

1189:

To differentiate Nintendo's new home platform from the perception of a troubled and shallow video game market still reeling from the 1983 crash, the company freshened its product nomenclature and established a strict product approval and licensing policy. The overall platform is referred to as

853:

suggested an eject lever to the cartridge slot which is not necessary, but he believed that children could be entertained by pressing it. Uemura adopted his idea. Uemura added a microphone to the second controller with the idea that it could be used to make players voices sound through the TV

781:

capabilities in a home system. A test model was constructed in October 1982 to verify the functionality of the hardware, and work began on programming tools. Because 65xx CPUs had not been manufactured or sold in Japan by that time, no cross-development software was available and it had to be

1554:

Although all versions of the Famicom and NES include essentially similar hardware, they vary in physical characteristics. The original Famicom's design is predominantly white plastic, with dark red trim; it featured a top-loading cartridge slot, grooves on both sides of the deck in which the

1178:

The system's launch represented not only a new product, but also a reframing of the severely damaged home video game market in North America. The 1983 video game crash had occurred in large part due to a lack of consumer and retailer confidence in video games, which had been partially due to

1735:

Users have attempted to solve these problems by blowing air onto the cartridge connectors, inserting the cartridge just far enough to get the ZIF to lower, licking the edge connector, slapping the side of the system after inserting a cartridge, shifting the cartridge from side to side after

2637:

games), Nintendo had anticipated and encouraged the involvement of third-party software developers, though strictly on Nintendo's terms. Some of the Nintendo platform-control measures were adopted in a less stringent way by later console manufacturers such as Sega, Sony, and Microsoft.

1025:

chose the term "Game Pak" for cartridges, "Control Deck" for the console, and "Entertainment System" for the whole platform. Renamed the "Nintendo Entertainment System" (NES), the new and cost-reduced version lacked most of the upscale features added in the AVS but retained many of its

2645:

authentication chip is in every console and in every licensed cartridge. If the console's chip can not detect a counterpart chip inside the cartridge, the game does not load. Nintendo portrayed these measures as intended to protect the public against poor-quality games, and placed a

3099:

on many other systems. The first emulator was the Japanese-only Pasofami. It was soon followed by iNES, which is available in English and is cross-platform, in 1996. It was described as being the first NES emulation software that could be used by a non-expert. The first version of

3170:

games. It was discontinued in North America on April 13, 2017, and worldwide on April 15, 2017. However, Nintendo announced in September 2017 that the NES Classic Mini would return to production on June 29, 2018, only to be discontinued again permanently by December of that year.

2941:

and third-party software developers by restricting developers from publishing and distributing software without licensed approval. This led to higher-quality games, which helped change the attitude of a public that had grown weary from poorly produced games for earlier systems.

2458:

Though selling close to two million units for all of 1986, Nintendo only managed to increase the total to 4.4 million units by 1990, falling well short of internal projections. By then, the Disk System was rendered obsolete due to advancements in ROM cartridge production:

2518:

pounds without a TV. It connects to a television via a combined A/V and RF Switch cable. By actuating the green button, a user can toggle between an A/V Cable or RF Switch connection. The television it is connected to (typically 11" to 14") is meant to be placed atop it.

2138:

instead; however, few games use this feature. The earliest produced Famicom units have square A and B buttons; issues with them getting stuck when pressed down led Nintendo to change their shape to a circular design in subsequent units following the console's recall.

4332: 2757:, which eroded and then took over Nintendo's dominance in the home console market, respectively. Consoles from Nintendo's rivals in the post-SNES era had always enjoyed much stronger third-party support than Nintendo, which relied more heavily on first-party games. 1703:

Nintendo's design styling for US release was made deliberately different from that of other game consoles. Nintendo wanted to distinguish its product from those of competitors and to avoid the generally poor reputation that game consoles had acquired following the

2612:, are available that allow Famicom games to be played on an NES. In Japan, several companies manufactured the cartridges for the Famicom. This allowed these companies to develop customized chips designed for specific purposes, such as superior sound and graphics. 1574:

produced three licensed variants of the Famicom in Japan, all of which prominently display the shortened moniker rather than the official name, Family Computer. One variant was a television set with an integrated Famicom; originally released in 1983 as the

2849:

sold in its first five years. "Computer game makers scared stiff", the magazine said, stating that Nintendo's popularity caused most competitors to have poor sales during the previous Christmas and resulted in serious financial problems for some.

2197:" sliding-disc D-pad in place of the traditional one. Both controllers have a "Turbo" feature, which simulates multiple rapid button presses, for the A and B buttons; the NES Max has manually pressed Turbo buttons, and the NES Advantage offers 973:

cartridge. By the beginning of 1985, more than 2.5 million Famicom units had been sold in Japan, and Nintendo soon announced plans to release it in North America as the Advanced Video Entertainment System (AVS) that year. The American

1674:

The unlicensed clone market has flourished following Nintendo's discontinuation of the NES. Some of the more exotic of these resulting systems surpass the functionality of the original hardware, such as a portable system with a color LCD

1475:. The last Famicom, serial number HN11033309, was manufactured on September 25; it was kept by Nintendo and subsequently loaned to the organizers of Level X, a video game exhibition held from December 4, 2003, to February 8, 2004, at the 498:). It was released in US test markets as the redesigned NES in October 1985, and fully launched in the US the following year. The NES was distributed in Europe, Australia, and parts of Asia throughout the 1980s under various names. As a 2201:

for Turbo functionality along with knobs that adjust the firing rate of each button. The latter also includes a "Slow" button that rapidly pauses games, though this function is not intended for games that invoke a pause menu or screen.

1679:). Others have been produced for certain specialized markets, such as a rather primitive personal computer with a keyboard and basic word processing software. These unauthorized clones have been helped by the invention of the so-called 1280:, which licensed Nintendo products in the country for the following decade. The sales of officially licensed products were low, due to the cloning, the quite late official launch, and the high prices of Nintendo's licensed products. 2212:

The original NES controller has become one of the most recognizable symbols of the console. Nintendo has mimicked the look of the controller in several other products, from promotional merchandise to limited edition versions of the

2114:

for both the NES and the Famicom has an oblong brick-like design with a simple four button layout: two round buttons labeled "A" and "B", a "START" button, and a "SELECT" button. Additionally, the controllers use the cross-shaped

846:

to the Famicom prototype and found that it was easy to use and caused no discomfort. Ultimately though, they installed a 15-pin expansion port on the front of the console so that an optional arcade-style joystick could be used.

1803:

with the chip in the game to work. Dirty, aging, and bent connectors often disrupt the communication, resulting in the blink effect. In other cases, the console turns on but only displays a solid white, gray, or green screen.

1179:

confusion and misrepresentation in video game marketing. Prior to the NES, the packaging of many video games presented bombastic artwork which did not represent a game's actual graphics. Furthermore, a single game such as

3395:

The original Famicom's controller cables extend into the console itself, connecting to the front of the motherboard. Nintendo considered the idea of detachable controllers, but ultimately scrapped it to reduce production

2884:

and Sega Mega Drive by a wide margin. The console remained popular in Japan and North America until late 1993, when the demand for new NES software abruptly plummeted. The final licensed Famicom game released in Japan is

2628:

Nintendo's near monopoly on the home video game market left it with a dominant influence over the industry. Unlike Atari, which never actively pursued third-party developers (and even went to court in an attempt to force

1276:, even after the SNES. But the Brazilian market had been dominated by unlicensed NES clones – both locally made, and smuggled from Taiwan. One of the most successful local clones was the Phantom System, manufactured by 3906: 2571:. To reduce costs and inventory, some early games released in North America are simply Famicom cartridges attached to an adapter to fit inside the NES hardware. Early NES cartridges are held together with five small 1630:

emerged during the climax of the console's popularity. Initially, such clones were popular in markets where Nintendo issued a legitimate version of the console long time after unlicensed hardware. In particular, the

1202:

quality is on all licensed game and accessory packaging. The initial seal states, "This seal is your assurance that Nintendo has approved and guaranteed the quality of this product". This text was later changed to "

1788:

protection worked in combination with the Nintendo "Seal of Quality", which a developer had to acquire before they would be able to have access to the required 10NES information prior to publication of their game.

1479:, for a Famicom retrospective in commemoration of the console's 20th anniversary. Nintendo offered repair service for the Famicom in Japan until 2007, when it was discontinued due to a shortage of available parts. 6625:, Nakanishi, Yoshiaki & Nakagawa, Katsuya, "Memory cartridge having a multi-memory controller with memory bank switching capabilities and data processing apparatus", issued August 14, 1990 945:

game. This violation of Atari's exclusive license with Nintendo to publish the game for its own computer systems delayed the implementation of Nintendo's game console marketing contract with Atari. Atari's CEO

7812: 1209:

Unlike with the Famicom, Nintendo of America marketed the console primarily to children, instituting a strict policy of censoring profanity, sexual, religious, or political content. The most famous example is

1045:, which had grown in popularity by 1985, and differentiate the unit from past video game consoles. Additionally, Uemura explained that Nintendo developers had feared that the console's electronics might face 4399: 1719:

The design problems were exacerbated by Nintendo's choice of materials. The console slot nickel connector springs wear due to design and the game cartridge's brass plated nickel connectors are also prone to

1621:

Pirated clones of NES hardware remained in production for many years after the original had been discontinued. Some clones play cartridges from multiple systems, such as this FC Twin that plays NES and SNES

1194:" instead of "video games". This allowed Nintendo to gain more traction in selling the system in toy stores. To deter production of games which had not been licensed by Nintendo, and to prevent copying, the 4718: 8852: 3302:

computer system. Although the game had been produced without Nintendo's permission or support, Atari took its release as a sign that Nintendo was dealing with one of its major competitors in the market.

2953:

The system's hardware limitations led to design principles that still influence the development of modern video games. Many prominent game franchises originated on the NES, including Nintendo's own

1655:

was available. Since 1989, there were many Brazilian clones of the NES, and the very popular Phantom System (with hardware superior to the original console) caught the attention of Nintendo itself.

915:

in 1984, agreed to produce third-party games for a 30% fee for console licensing and production costs. This rate continued in the industry for consoles and digital storefront into the 21st Century.

2262:. It was a commercial failure and never released outside Japan; users described the headset as bulky and uncomfortable. Seven games are compatible with the glasses, with three of them developed by 8798: 7621: 5482: 1699:

The VCR-like loading mechanism of the NES led to problems over time. The design wears connector pins out quickly, and easily become dirty, resulting in difficulties with the NES reading Game Paks.

5350: 2205:

The standard game controller was redesigned upon the introduction of the redesigned console. Though the original button layout was retained, the shape of the redesigned controller—nicknamed the "

1456:

On August 14, 1995, Nintendo discontinued the Nintendo Entertainment System in both North America and Europe. In North America, replacements for the original front-loading NES were available for

7342: 4283: 7066: 2608:

Famicom cartridges are shaped slightly differently. Unlike NES games, official Famicom cartridges were produced in many colors of plastic. Adapters, similar in design to the popular accessory

8916: 8713: 2689:, a fledgling game publisher founded by former Activision employees, was the first major third-party licensee in the United States to sign on with Nintendo in late 1987. Atari Games (through 685:, who had been Nintendo's president since 1949, realised that breakthroughs in the electronics industry meant that entertainment products could be produced at lower prices. Companies such as 2301:

connected a Famicom to a now defunct proprietary network in Japan which provided content such as financial services. A dial-up modem was never released for the NES after a partnership with

2134:

The original model Famicom features two game controllers, both of which are hardwired to the back of the console. The second controller lacks the START and SELECT button, featuring a small

4128: 6600: 2713:

noted that Nintendo's "iron-clad terms" made the company many enemies during the 1980s. Some developers tried to circumvent the five game limit by creating additional company brands like

2420:

Although Nintendo committed to exclusively releasing games on the Disk System after its release, numerous external issues plagued its long-term viability. Just four months after launch,

7213: 7785: 1579:

in 14-inch (36 cm) and 19-inch (48 cm) models, it was later released in the United States in 1989 as a 19-inch model named the Video Game Television. Another variant is the

5152: 4694: 4009: 7493: 7099: 3902: 9100: 8680: 6955: 2409:

at retail stores throughout Japan; at each kiosk, consumers could buy new games to rewrite onto their old disks or onto new disks. Disk Fax kiosks allowed players to submit their

1896:

The console's graphics are handled by a Ricoh 2C02, a processor known as the Picture Processing Unit (PPU) that is clocked at 5.37 MHz. A derivative of the Texas Instruments

6366: 5583: 7978: 744:, expanded memory, and other computer-like capabilities. Yamauchi ultimately instructed Uemura to prioritise simplicity and affordability, omitting these peripherals entirely. 9362: 4181: 2880:(named Super Nintendo Entertainment System outside Japan), the Famicom remained the second highest-selling video game console in Japan, outselling the newer and more powerful 2841:

By 1988, industry observers stated that the NES's popularity had grown so quickly that the market for Nintendo cartridges was larger than that for all home computer software.

1799:(regardless of TV signal compatibility). Such regions include North America; most of continental Europe (PAL-B); Asia; and the British Isles, Italy, and Australasia (PAL-A). 4366: 1190:"Entertainment System" instead of a "video game system", is centered upon a machine called a "Control Deck" instead of a "console", and features software cartridges called " 7665: 6727: 6303: 5013: 1269:. Nintendo anticipated the NES would have a 25 per cent share in these countries, and saw particular potential in the United Kingdom. It sold modestly in Europe, however. 7311: 6452: 4971: 752:(RAM), significantly more than Atari's 256 bytes. Larger cartridges also allowed for far more complex games, with thirty-two times the code capacity of Atari cartridges. 7434: 4596: 4216: 961:

Subsequent plans for the Nintendo Advanced Video System likewise never materialized. It was privately demonstrated as a repackaged Famicom console featuring a keyboard,

7182: 8253: 1017:

reputation in the arcades. It also gave Nintendo the opportunity to test new games as VS. Paks in the arcades, to determine which games to release for the NES launch.

8084: 7820: 4992:

Boyer, Steven. "A Virtual Failure: Evaluating the Success of Nintendos Virtual Boy." Velvet Light Trap.64 (2009): 23–33. ProQuest Research Library. Web. May 24, 2012.

3595: 2387:

The advantages of the format (called "Disk Card") were apparent on launch. It has more than triple the data storage capacity of the then-largest cartridge (used for

4389: 3635: 2709:

reportedly caused Nintendo to only permit an average of 25% of publishers' requests for cartridges, with some receiving much higher amounts and others almost none.

2624:

The Famicom Family mark appeared in games and peripherals from 1988 that were approved by Nintendo for compatibility with official Famicom consoles and derivatives.

7035: 6833: 3405:

Nintendo officially referred to such chips as "memory management controllers" (MMC); they were originally described as "multi-memory controllers" in their patents.

4744: 3987: 9806: 9154: 8825: 4715: 3550: 693:

were already selling gaming devices for use with television sets, to moderate success. Yamauchi negotiated a licence with Magnavox to sell its game console, the

8848: 5886: 5739: 2575:. Games released after 1987 were redesigned slightly to incorporate two plastic clips molded into the plastic itself, removing the need for the top two screws. 2434:

in the U.S.) on a cartridge with more data storage capacity than what was possible on Disk Cards, nullifying one of the Disk System's major advantages by using

1030:. The Famicom's pair of hard-wired controllers and the AVS's wireless controllers were replaced with two custom 7-pin sockets for detachable wired controllers. 606:

The NES dominated Japanese and North American markets, but initially underperformed in Europe where it faced strong competition from the Sega Master System and

8387: 3868: 2290:

cartridge, it allows the user to write programs, especially games, which can be saved on an included cassette recorder. Nintendo of America rejected releasing

1776:

bootleg Famicom games continued to be produced even after Nintendo moved production onto the Super Famicom, effectively extending the lifetime of the Famicom.

8944:

Sachiko, Sugai (September 12, 1994). "【任天堂「ファミコン」はこうして生まれた】第6回：業務用ゲーム機の挫折をバネにファミコンの実現に挑む" [How the Famicom Was Born – Making the Famicom a Reality].

6333: 6276: 5533: 7003: 6922: 6034: 5930: 5189: 4424: 1771:

The 10NES authentication chip (at top) contributes to the system's reliability problems. The circuit was ultimately removed from the remodeled New-Style NES.

8525: 8501: 8474: 5319: 3669: 2492:

The NES Test station (lower left), SNES counter tester (lower right), SNES test cart (upper right), and the original TV that came with the unit (upper left)

8137: 8883: 7940: 7152: 6153: 933:

to release a redesigned Famicom with Atari's name as the Nintendo Advanced Video Gaming System. The deal was set to be finalized and signed at the Summer

11594: 8788: 7613: 5474: 5077: 924: 8114: 5346: 5046: 1471:

On May 30, 2003, Nintendo announced the discontinuation of the Famicom in September alongside the Super Famicom and the disk rewriting services for the

10612: 6696: 4280: 7058: 9801: 9184: 7846: 7403: 5107: 2000: 1283:

Outside of Japan, regions in greater Asia received an "Asian Version" of the front-loader NES though imported Famicom systems were prevalent. Due to

790:

that the console should use a red and white theme after seeing a billboard for DX Antenna (a Japanese antenna manufacturer) which used those colors.

642: 8906: 8703: 6773: 4657: 2368:

were apparent, with no new advancements present to address them. With this in mind, Nintendo looked at the personal computer (PC) market, where the

11599: 1751:

and eliminating the lockout chip. All of the Famicom systems use standard card edge connectors, as do Nintendo's two subsequent game consoles, the

904:, the Famicom's popularity soared, becoming the bestselling game console in Japan by the end of 1984 in what came to be called the "Famicom Boom". 736:

As development progressed on the new video game system, engineers sought Yamauchi's guidance on its features. They questioned whether to include a

8420: 6107: 5434: 4120: 11574: 6001: 4933: 7959: 6945: 6584: 3692: 2143:

the original Famicom's second controller. The cables for NES controllers are also generally three times longer than their Famicom counterparts.

5256: 3281:

the "Family Computer" moniker until the console's discontinuation; the former used the "Famicom" name for all of its licensed console variants.

1460:

in exchange for a broken system until at least December 1996, under Nintendo's Power Swap program. The Game Boy and Super NES were covered for

988:

magazine stated that "the videogame market in America has virtually disappeared" and that "this could be a miscalculation on Nintendo's part".

675:

gained footholds in the American market. Many companies emerged to capitalise on the growing industry, including the playing card manufacturer

8582: 8275: 8188: 7205: 5227: 11534: 10500: 10294: 9454: 7122: 6657: 4259: 4097: 2397:

capability and lower production costs compared to cartridges, which resulted in lower retail prices for consumers. The add-on also has a new

1744: 8357: 7789: 5844: 4684: 4153: 4017: 10229: 9174: 8647: 8452: 5144: 1783:

lockout chip, which prevents it from running cartridges unapproved by Nintendo. The inclusion of the 10NES was a direct influence from the

1680: 1240:

most of the European countries received the console in 1987. The release in Scandinavia was on September 1, 1986, where it was released by

627: 6877: 717:

series. The successes of these machines gave Yamauchi the confidence to expand Nintendo's influence in the fledgling video game industry.

9535: 9357: 9147: 8315: 7089: 5709: 4634: 4528: 3272:

The "Famicom" name was prevalent among the general public in Japan, but Nintendo solely used the "Family Computer" moniker there because

2531: 8670: 6497: 6356: 5776: 4561: 2384:

format, Nintendo officially released it as the Family Computer Disk System in Japan on February 21, 1986, at a retail price of ¥15,000.

1792:"lock" to "key", removing all effects and greatly improving the console's ability to play legal games, bootlegs, and converted imports. 1424:, or NES-101, and one redesigned "dogbone" game controller. In Australia, this console revision was released with a cartridge compiling 9939: 9831: 7471: 5573: 3503: 748:, which Uemura saw as "less intimidating" to consumers was chosen as the format. The team designed the system to store 2,000 bytes of 11609: 10430: 7975: 7373: 3959: 3014:

NES imagery, especially its controller, has become a popular motif for a variety of products, including Nintendo's Game Boy Advance.

2786: 8621: 6184: 5964: 5814: 4189: 3090: 11604: 10548: 10543: 10435: 10415: 10405: 8011: 7763: 7724: 7275: 6218: 4911: 1476: 658: 8041: 7863: 5644: 4358: 11247: 10440: 10425: 10420: 10410: 10400: 10380: 10307: 7916: 7657: 6719: 6299: 5379: 3026: 2146:

Several special controllers are intended for use with specific games, though are not commonly used. Such peripherals include the

499: 156: 7334: 5675: 5003: 3386:

connector; however, it is not true RGB video output as the PPU natively outputs composite video in consumer home console models.

1397:. Two more bundle packages were later released with the original model NES console. In 1992, the Challenge Set was released for 11524: 10605: 10224: 9336: 9140: 7583: 7301: 6444: 6249: 6063: 4961: 3322:

are often erroneously listed as launch games. Neither was available until later in 1986. Also, some modern sources question if

2550: 1363:

The Power Set of 1989 includes the console, two game controllers, an NES Zapper, a Power Pad, and a triple Game Pak containing

1167:

to distribute the console physically. WoW salesman Jim Whims distinctly recalled delivering an ultimatum: "if you want to sell

837:

The controllers are hard-wired to the console with no connectors for cost reasons. The controller designs were reused from the

329: 6532: 5270: 4583: 2789:

by falsely claiming that it was required to defend against present infringement claims. Nintendo successfully sued Tengen for

786:

computer. LEDs on a grid were used with a digitizer to design graphics as no such software design tools existed at that time.

11375: 10363: 9055: 9003: 6916: 6491: 6391:

O'Donnell, Casey (2011). "The Nintendo Entertainment System and the 10NES Chip: Carving the Video Game Industry in Silicon".

4838: 4628: 4522: 4206: 2601:

art as the sticker, to different gaming news agencies. The instruction label on the back includes the opening lyric from the

9009: 8243: 8068: 2381: 1287:, NES consoles in India and South Korea were rebranded and distributed by local licensees. The Indian version is called the 11589: 11584: 11579: 9572: 9393: 7174: 6524: 6127: 3603: 1493: 725: 697:. Since Nintendo's operation was not yet sophisticated enough to design its own hardware, Yamauchi forged an alliance with 126: 8377: 2887: 2862:

worldwide. The slogan for this brand was "It can't be beaten". The Nintendo Entertainment System was not available in the

1248:

BV. In France, it was released in October 1987, and in Spain most likely in 1988 through distributor Spaco. Also in 1987,

10947: 10392: 10159: 9579: 9503: 5667: 3628: 3532: 2735: 1752: 1725: 1266: 615: 449: 42: 8745: 7025: 6825: 3995: 2876:

would mean the immediate end of the NES's dominance. Instead, during the first year of Nintendo's successor console the

1747:(New-Style NES) in 1993 toward the end of the NES's lifespan, Nintendo resolved the problems by switching to a standard 1041:" cartridge slot. The change from a top-loader in the Famicom to a front-loader was to make the new console more like a 1037:(CES), Nintendo unveiled the American version of its Famicom, with a new case redesigned by Lance Barr and featuring a " 74: 9071: 4736: 1975: 611: 8821: 7549: 4799: 3546: 1651:: 小天才) was marketed in Southeast Asia as an alternative to the Famicom; and in Central Europe, especially Poland, the 11529: 11411: 10598: 10287: 10171: 9944: 9367: 8565: 7426: 5753: 5405: 4874: 4779: 4341: 3797: 3757: 2535: 2426: 2318: 10375: 5525: 3864: 11447: 10327: 9117: 6325: 6272: 3044: 2785:

the lockout chip to develop its own "Rabbit" chip. Tengen also obtained a description of the lockout chip from the

2581: 1591:

in 1989. Intended for video capture and production, it features internal RGB video generation and video output via

978:

was skeptical that the console could have any success in the region, as the industry was still recovering from the

587: 564: 398: 80: 10370: 6978: 6900: 6024: 5922: 5174: 9826: 9528: 8529: 8508: 5614: 5285: 3661: 2845:

reported in 1989 that Nintendo had sold seven million NES systems in 1988 alone, almost as many as the number of

2587: 1411:; it included only the console and two controllers, and no pack-in game. Instead, it contained a book called the 8145: 6145: 937:

in June 1983. However, Atari discovered at that show that its competitor Coleco was illegally demonstrating its

11554: 11549: 11544: 11288: 10569: 10339: 10067: 10046: 9209: 8968: 8875: 7937: 3357: 2738:

and several states began probing Nintendo's business practices, leading to the involvement of Congress and the

2274: 1164: 55: 5320:"Легенда о слоне: как IT-компания Steepler создала Dendy и основала российский консольный рынок — Игры на DTF" 5069: 2669:, which signed on as third-party developers. However, they found resistance with US game developers including 2286:

is an implementation of BASIC for the Famicom, packaged with a keyboard. Similar in concept to the Atari 2600

2209:" controller—resembles that of the Super Famicom and SNES. It retained NES-style detachable controller ports. 1373: 11539: 9285: 8106: 5036: 3108:-based emulator, was released on April 3, 1997. Nintendo offers licensed emulation of some NES games via its 3064: 2823:

began buying their own copies of NES games, and renting them out to customers for around the same price as a

1663: 1648: 1105: 6688: 4333:

The Ultimate History of Video Games: The Story Behind the Craze that Touched our Lives and Changed the World

3379: 3246:

The original Famicom has two hardwired game controllers and a single port for additional input devices. See

1420:

Finally, the console was redesigned for the Australian, North American, and Japanese markets, including the

11273: 11243: 10574: 10280: 10077: 10002: 9954: 9552: 8949: 4247: 4161: 4085: 3190: 2819:

As the Nintendo Entertainment System grew in popularity and entered millions of American homes, some small

7395: 5099: 950:

was fired the next month, so the deal went nowhere, and Nintendo decided to market its system on its own.

11343: 11328: 10990: 10554: 9374: 8770: 6765: 4661: 3929: 3096: 2992: 2539: 2464: 2263: 1387: 1117: 459: 17: 8907:"Nintendo of America President on Switch's Big Risk, 'Smash Bros.' Success and Classic Consoles' Future" 5957:"ファミコン内蔵テレビ 19C-C1Fは1983年10月25日に発売（14型は一足はやく10/4発売）当初は「８ビットマイコン内蔵マイコンピュータテレビ」という名でデビュー。今年でちょうど、30周年です。" 2913:

the Master System maintained its lead in several markets such as the United Kingdom, Belgium and Spain.

2869:

In the early 1990s, gamers predicted that competition from technologically superior systems such as the

11458: 10901: 10093: 9521: 8410: 6085: 5991: 5448: 2900: 2767: 2602: 1921: 1913: 1413: 1159: 1069: 774: 654: 598: 9105: 8478: 6622: 4925: 3696: 1695: 10779: 10490: 10188: 9742: 9544: 8793: 8337: 8172: 7956: 5868: 3220:

second region, consisting of the United Kingdom, Ireland, Italy, Australia, and New Zealand, in 1987.

3210:

second region, consisting of the United Kingdom, Ireland, Italy, Australia, and New Zealand, in 1987.

3039: 1576: 1295:. The console sold very poorly in India due to affordability and lack of lacking consumer awareness. 1123: 876: 8283: 3029:

Award" in honour of the console's influence and laying down the foundations for the games industry.

2908:

The NES was initially not as successful in Europe during the late 1980s, when it was outsold by the

2857:

Comparison of NES from different regions. From top: Japanese Famicom, European NES and American NES

2486: 62: 11023: 10690: 10667: 8590: 8362: 8225: 8196: 3789: 2934: 2739: 2647: 2255: 1901: 1784: 1705: 1203: 1147: 1129: 979: 568: 7130: 6665: 5145:"Videojuegos a 10.000 pesetas y NASA en lugar de NES: así fue la llegada de las consolas a España" 4239: 4077: 2853: 2095: 2039: 1436:. Released in October 1993 in North America and 1994 in Australia, this final bundle retailed for 962: 11314: 10771: 10621: 10322: 9811: 5836: 4165: 2259: 1872: 1823: 1257:

In November 1994, Nintendo signed an agreement with Steepler to permit the continued sale of the

1046: 1042: 1027: 827: 538: 483: 336: 146: 8643: 8442: 4452:

Consalvo, Mia (2006). "Console video games and global corporations: Creating a hybrid culture".

1795:

Original NES consoles sold in different regions have different lockout chips, thereby enforcing

1560:

closed at other times, and an expansion port on the bottom of the unit. The cartridge connector

720:

In 1978, Yamauchi split Nintendo into separate research and development divisions. He appointed

10256: 10246: 9992: 9763: 9477: 9432: 8911: 6859: 4620: 4514: 3128: 2947: 2225: 1713: 1093: 1012:

The VS. System became a major success in North American arcades, becoming the highest-grossing

8305: 7732: 5697: 4614: 4506: 1924:

display information on up to 64 sprites, and 28 bytes of RAM to store information on the

653:

experienced rapid growth and popularity from the late 1970s to the early 1980s, marked by the

11152: 11051: 10812: 10756: 10564: 10522: 10351: 10334: 9847: 9265: 9204: 8708: 6475: 5784: 3049: 2804: 2754: 2686: 2593: 2373: 2053: 1959: 975: 953: 4551: 3781: 2597:, Capcom sent 150 limited-edition gold NES cartridges with the original game, featuring the 1708:. One result of this philosophy is to disguise the cartridge slot design as a front-loading 1348:, has the Control Deck, two controllers, an NES Zapper, and a dual Game Pak containing both 10822: 10579: 10239: 10198: 10183: 10036: 9821: 9816: 9688: 8342: 8279: 7159:. No. 49. Nintendo of America. June 1993. p. 60 – via the Internet Archive. 7090:"The mini NES Classic Edition controller's cable is much, much shorter than the original's" 5960: 4907: 3493: 3458: 3433: 3312: 3058: 2938: 2700:

Nintendo was not as restrictive as Sega, which did not permit third-party publishing until

2302: 1885: 1860: 1830:, which manufactured different versions between NTSC and PAL regions; NTSC consoles have a 1709: 1038: 957:

The proposed Advanced Video System bundle includes cassette drive and wireless accessories.

749: 593: 576: 31: 10695: 3229:

The 2A03 is in NTSC consoles, and the 2A07 is in PAL consoles. Both CPUs are based on the

579:

to produce and distribute games. The NES features several groundbreaking games, including

8: 11569: 11564: 11559: 11238: 10272: 10123: 9997: 9852: 9737: 9637: 9460: 9398: 9199: 8613: 7614:"On Discovering the Famicom Disk System: Nintendo's Alternate Reality Version of the NES" 6483: 6176: 5896: 5806: 5705: 3782: 3230: 3180: 3154: 3140: 2961: 2782: 2568: 2398: 2347: 2314: 1929: 1864: 1848: 1748: 1584: 1472: 1403: 1244:. In the Netherlands, it was released in the last quarter of 1987 and was distributed by 1013: 1008: 888: 698: 650: 422: 208: 7755: 7267: 6210: 5636: 1724:

and oxidation. Nintendo sought to fix these problems by redesigning the next generation

1057:, and a front-loading design would be safer if children handled the console carelessly. 907:

Nintendo launched the system with only first-party games, but after being approached by

11484: 11472: 11190: 11018: 10303: 10261: 10014: 8446: 8415: 7481: 7306: 6410: 6361: 4477: 1988: 1936: 1393: 1284: 892:. The Famicom was slow to gather success; a bad chip set caused the early revisions to 9770: 7908: 5375: 2337: 1943:, though video output options vary between models. The original Famicom features only 1658: 563:

The NES is regarded as one of the most influential consoles. It helped revitalise the

11370: 11278: 10507: 10358: 10234: 10176: 10026: 9898: 9857: 9415: 9219: 8999: 8964: 8561: 8076: 7485: 7094: 6995: 6912: 6908: 6592: 6487: 6393: 6241: 6099: 6095: 5952: 5444: 4901: 4870: 4775: 4624: 4518: 4469: 4337: 4251: 4089: 3964: 3793: 3753: 3450: 3425: 3273: 3148: 3034: 2955: 2820: 2572: 2460: 2414: 2406: 2389: 2251: 2182: 1987:

playback. Audio playback speed is dependent on the CPU clock rate, which is set by a

1962:(APU) integrated into the processor. It supports a total of five sound channels: two 1729: 1652: 1627: 1571: 1350: 1141: 1034: 934: 929:

Nintendo targeted the North American market, entering distribution negotiations with

893: 756: 702: 667:(1978) became a phenomenon across arcades worldwide, while home consoles such as the 581: 549: 463: 411: 10051: 7575: 6414: 6053: 4897: 4481: 3276:

held the similarly-pronounced "Famicon" trademark for its Family Convection Oven, a

2405:

channel. Taking advantage of the disk's re-writability, Nintendo set up Disk Writer

2065: 2027: 834:

lines for the memory and expansion, Nintendo decided to produce its own connectors.

11124: 11013: 9883: 9862: 9681: 9659: 9632: 9425: 9063: 6868:(Interview). Super Mario 25th Anniversary. Vol. 2, no. 3. Interviewed by 6402: 5956: 5185: 4461: 4429: 3498: 2894: 2778: 2690: 2214: 2015: 1984: 1811: 1796: 984: 710: 694: 682: 518: 4830: 2921: 2749:

supported upstart competing consoles with less strict licensing terms such as the

1932:; the console can display up to 25 colors simultaneously out of 54 usable colors. 11233: 10972: 10807: 10662: 9982: 9934: 9903: 9878: 9758: 9709: 9410: 9300: 9126: 9121: 9095: 8989: 8774: 7982: 7963: 7944: 7365: 6986: 6855: 6131: 5378:[Playtronic, the history] (in Portuguese). Nintendopedia Brasilis. 2018. 4864: 4722: 4287: 4281:

GlitterBerri's Game Translations » Synonymous With the Domestic Game Console

3747: 3575:

Levin, Martin (November 20, 1985). "New components add some Zap to video games".

3347: 3167: 3125: 3109: 3018: 2829: 2794: 2746: 2731: 2678: 2452: 2124: 2111: 1948: 1632: 1417:, which contained detailed information for every NES game made up to that point. 1258: 1211: 882: 838: 745: 721: 714: 706: 534: 530: 514: 112: 9649: 9132: 8107:"Fusion, Transfusion or Confusion / Future Directions In Computer Entertainment" 7889:

Kunkel, Bill; Worley, Joyce; Katz, Arnie (November 1988). "Video Gaming World".

6124: 5872:. Vol. 6, no. 12 No. 53. Sendai Publishing. December 1993. p. 96. 1448:

with the pack-in game) respectively, and was discontinued with the NES in 1995.

11349: 11319: 11304: 11195: 10886: 10784: 10527: 10470: 10154: 9929: 9908: 9868: 9642: 9627: 9513: 9471: 9341: 9295: 9275: 9229: 7902: 7900: 6480:

The NES Encyclopedia: Every Game Released for the Nintendo Entertainment System

6177:"VC&G Interview: Brian Parker on RetroZone and the PowerPak NES Flash Cart" 6038: 5891: 5557: 4394: 4327: 3277: 2451:

flipping. Furthermore, the rewritable nature of the format resulted in rampant

2439: 2435: 2328: 2171: 1868: 1852: 1588: 1216: 897: 783: 663: 607: 572: 526: 204: 9037: 3528:

Hyundai Super Comboy - The Story of The Super Nintendo Console in South Korea!

3526: 2925:

The Famicom game console was at the Computer and Video Game Console Museum of

1767: 1712:(ZIF) cartridge socket, designed to resemble the front-loading mechanism of a 11518: 11172: 11167: 11162: 11157: 11074: 11046: 10919: 10858: 10512: 10128: 10031: 9977: 9924: 9732: 9497: 9465: 9234: 9224: 9090: 8735: 8675: 8382: 8080: 7505: 7489: 6999: 6596: 6406: 6103: 5179: 4473: 4465: 4211: 3185: 2997: 2909: 2881: 2877: 2706: 2365: 2298: 2198: 2178: 2071: 1967: 1952: 1856: 1529: 1421: 1378: 1063: 810:

in the United States; the ColecoVision's top-seller was a port of Nintendo's

672: 507: 439: 274: 186: 9078: 8230:

Main also officially announced that the die-hard NES platform has 'retired.'

7897: 7541: 5408:[The NES in Brazil] (in Portuguese). The Nes Archive. Archived from 991: 11508: 11496: 11309: 11268: 11079: 10761: 10710: 10700: 10672: 10657: 10590: 10559: 10346: 9967: 9888: 9676: 9671: 9664: 9405: 9214: 9021: 8849:"Nintendo's releasing a miniature NES console packed with 30 classic games" 8704:"Monster Hunter Rise: Sunbreak named 2023's best game at Japan Game Awards" 6869: 6509: 6029: 4966: 4255: 4093: 3162:

display output and a new replica controller, which can also connect to the

3117: 3069: 3007: 2873: 2863: 2846: 2800: 2750: 2745:

With the NES near the end of its life, many third-party publishers such as

2500: 2402: 2282: 2247:

devices and software packages for the Famicom were released outside Japan.

2235: 2120: 1944: 1905: 1644: 1640: 1580: 1254: 1198: 1168: 1075: 1021:

console and avoided terms associated with game consoles. Marketing manager

850: 799: 406: 238: 5475:"Tracing the Origins of Gaming in India: 8-Bit Cricket, Sega, and Cloning" 5409: 5228:"A Discussion on the European Gaming Market in the 80s the Genesis Temple" 3334:

state that the system launched with 17 titles, and the Journal references

1639:), an unlicensed hardware clone produced in Taiwan and sold in the former 1515: 11432: 11334: 11143: 11096: 10995: 10952: 10738: 10072: 9987: 9704: 9654: 9589: 9584: 9420: 9305: 9290: 8958: 7476: 7030: 6991: 6111: 6090: 5504: 5201: 4860: 3743: 3299: 2987: 2808: 2774: 2718: 2670: 2369: 2351: 1971: 1816: 1756: 1153: 1111: 1022: 1004: 996: 938: 930: 912: 901: 522: 282: 225: 216: 7059:"Why American NES Controllers Can Kill You & Other Famicom Thoughts" 6054:"ツインファミコンが発売35周年。シャープから発売されたファミコンとディスクシステムが一体化したゲームキッズ羨望の豪華マシン【今日は何の日？】" 2079: 1617: 11263: 11228: 11129: 10835: 10789: 10652: 10647: 10642: 10637: 10480: 10475: 10465: 10149: 10144: 10019: 10009: 9962: 9873: 9330: 9280: 9270: 9239: 9114: 7813:"Capcom's Golden DuckTales Promotional Cartridge Is Actually DuckTales" 6864: 5606: 5439: 4121:"How Sharp Accidentally Copyright Trolled Nintendo Almost 40 Years Ago" 3318: 3163: 3053: 2701: 2694: 2674: 2634: 2630: 2609: 2410: 2244: 2147: 2135: 2101: 1963: 1676: 1600: 1377:. In 1990, a Sports Set bundle was released, including the console, an 1321: 1273: 1087: 947: 807: 737: 668: 542: 350: 344: 8991:

I Am Error: The Nintendo Family Computer/Entertainment System Platform

6134:

Polish review of the most popular NES / Famicom clone – Pegasus IQ-502

5297: 3146:

permanently bundled games from the vintage NES library, including the

2620: 2514:

the station, and could be assisted by a store technician or employee.

2380:

to develop a floppy disk add-on for the Famicom based on the latter's

1503: 637: 11380: 11101: 10982: 10873: 10863: 10799: 10715: 10098: 9483: 9385: 9244: 8995: 8502:"Outstanding Achievement in Technical/Engineering Development Awards" 7427:"Revisiting the Famicom Disk System: mass storage on console in 1986" 7010: 5257:"Nintendo-Erfolg beschert Spielwarenspezialist Stadlbauer Umsatzplus" 5008: 4771: 4689: 3934: 2824: 2790: 2522:

to the test station or to the TV, depending on what is to be tested.

2455:, with Nintendo's attempts at anti-piracy measures quickly defeated. 2447: 2394: 2294:

in the US in favor of its primary marketing demographic of children.

2268: 2186: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2151: 1835: 1779:

The original NES released for Western countries in 1985 contains the

1612: 1596: 1555:

hardwired game controllers could be placed when not in use, and a 15-

1356: 1317: 1277: 1228: 1172: 1081: 778: 557: 545: 11491: 8960:

Game Over, Press Start to Continue: How Nintendo Conquered the World

7906: 5809:[List of Products That Are No Longer Accepted for Repairs]. 4716:

The reasons for NES' Western design, explained by its main developer

4390:"Epic's Battle With Apple and Google Actually Dates Back to Pac-Man" 4156:[How the Famicom Was Born – Part 7: Deciding on the Specs]. 3326:

was available on launch day, though contemporaneous sources such as

11479: 11427: 11365: 11324: 10957: 10934: 10896: 10891: 10830: 10251: 10219: 10203: 10164: 9622: 9596: 9437: 9059: 8248: 6946:"Old-school gaming meets new-school tech with wireless NES adapter" 6873: 5744: 5578: 4591: 4556: 3101: 2977: 2926: 2560: 2361: 2206: 2128: 1909: 1876: 1847:

clocked at 1.66 MHz. Both CPUs are unlicensed variants of the

1382: 1241: 1191: 1135: 1099: 966: 765: 690: 676: 487: 136: 6211:"No More Blinkies: Replacing the NES's 72-Pin Cartridge Connector" 4290:. Glitterberri.com (April 21, 2012). Retrieved on August 23, 2013. 2653:

Nintendo found success with Japanese arcade manufacturers such as

1303: 1220:

to the NES, which Nintendo insisted be considerably watered down.

95:

Family Computer ("Famicom") main unit (with hardwired controllers)

11283: 11205: 11200: 11115: 11084: 11069: 11005: 10733: 10705: 10517: 10485: 10193: 10041: 9310: 8220: 8060: 7849:. Web.archive.org (March 20, 2008). Retrieved on August 23, 2013. 7786:"eBay Guides – What's a Five Screw Nintendo NES game 5 screw huh" 6058: 5976: 5167: 4929: 4552:"30 years later, Nintendo looks back at when NES came to America" 2967: 2710: 2377: 2194: 2190: 2177:

Two official advanced controllers were produced for the NES: the

2085: 1897: 1721: 1592: 1181: 1050: 925:

History of the Nintendo Entertainment System § North America

871: 37:"Control deck" redirects here. For the type of card deck used in 8644:"Special edition Nintendo Vans prove your inner nerd never died" 7168: 7166: 6300:"We Blow Into Video Game Cartridges Because of Weird Psychology" 4655: 2555: 1003:

The Famicom hardware first made its North American debut in the

11503: 10850: 10840: 10748: 10682: 10103: 9972: 9249: 9109: 8558:

Power-Up: How Japanese Video Games Gave the World an Extra Life

7756:"How to Tell if a Copy of Gyromite has a Famicom Adapter in it" 6438: 6436: 5996: 4962:"The NES turns 30: How it began, worked, and saved an industry" 4955: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4943: 3291: 3105: 2982: 2972: 2870: 2714: 2658: 2654: 2421: 2413:

on special blue disks for contests and rankings, predating the

2155: 1561: 1385:

adapter, four game controllers, and a dual Game Pak containing

1262: 1249: 1245: 1224: 803: 553: 383:

APU, 5 channels: 2 pulse wave, triangle wave, white noise, DPCM

365: 278: 234: 195: 8767: 5508:. Vol. 13, part 4. Thomson Living Media India Limited (1988). 2567:

The NES uses a 72-pin design, as compared with 60 pins on the

2350:

peripheral for the Famicom uses games on Disk Cards with a 3"

1541: 782:

developed from scratch. Early Famicom games were written on a

11406: 11390: 11385: 11339: 11182: 10967: 10924: 10725: 10629: 9606: 8671:"The Famicom Just Won An Award At The Tokyo Game Awards 2023" 8176:. No. 53. EGM Media, LLC. December 1993. pp. 96–98. 7163: 7129:. Nintendo Famicom—20 years of fun. p. 8. Archived from 6905:

Retro Gaming Hacks: Tips & Tools for Playing the Classics

6664:. Nintendo Famicom—20 years of fun. p. 5. Archived from 3383: 3121: 2666: 2662: 2642: 2563:") are significantly larger than Japanese Famicom cartridges. 2230: 2174:

expansion port on the front of the unit to accommodate them.

2116: 1940: 1827: 1780: 1195: 1054: 970: 908: 843: 823: 760: 741: 709:

in Japan. This was followed by a more successful sequel, the

686: 480: 298: 212: 170: 8822:"Nintendo unveils the Classic Mini loaded with 30 NES games" 8789:"Nintendo announces mini NES console with 30 games included" 7206:"30 Weird And Wonderful Peripherals From Nintendo's History" 6892: 6433: 6146:"Researchers Propose $ 12 Computer for Developing Countries" 5326: 4940: 11139: 11061: 11028: 10877: 9893: 7197: 6950: 4768:

Supercade: A Visual History of the Videogame Age, 1971–1984

3960:"The Famicom's creator reflects on 30 years of 8-bit bliss" 3662:"Super Mario Bros: 25 Mario facts for the 25th anniversary" 3159: 3081:

named the NES the greatest video game console of all time.

3002: 2682: 2506:

NES test station AC adapter Pass or Fail test demonstration

1917: 1844: 1831: 1667: 503: 117:

Nintendo Entertainment System (PAL A/PAL B/Southeast Asia)

10302: 8346:. No. 39 (August 5, 1989). August 3, 1989. p. 2. 4036: 4024: 3903:"Iwata Asks – Game & Watch 2: Using a Calculator Chip" 3845: 3290:

Atari broke off negotiations with Nintendo in response to

1976: 11111: 11089: 11038: 10962: 10911: 9601: 8740: 7247: 7245: 6826:"The Famicom's Built-In Microphone Was Wonderfully Weird" 5749: 5041: 4793: 4791: 3113: 3077: 2777:

took a different approach with its line of NES products,

2463:

chips for expanded data storage capacity, battery-backed

2258:

peripheral released in 1987, enabled the ability to play

1925: 1556: 537:

hardware. The western model was redesigned to resemble a

6711: 6445:"Standard d'images, télévision et jeux vidéo (partie 3)" 5208: 3988:"How Nintendo Made The NES (And Why They Gave It A Gun)" 3811: 3809: 1344:

cartridge. The Action Set, released April 14, 1988, for

1332:. The Control Deck bundle was first released in 1987 at 1316: (equivalent to $ 550 in 2023), including R.O.B., a 490:. It was first released in Japan on 15 July 1983 as the 8736:"Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) is number 1 – IGN" 7576:"ファミコンディスクシステムが発売された日。500円の書き換えサービスが安価で便利だった【今日は何の日？】" 6848: 6585:"Nintendo brought arcade games into homes 30 years ago" 4048: 3883: 3821: 3494:"Oct. 18, 1985: Nintendo Entertainment System Launches" 8244:"Nintendo to end Famicom and Super Famicom production" 7242: 6242:"Nintendo Redivivus: how to resuscitate an old friend" 5574:"Nintendo to end Famicom and Super Famicom production" 4788: 4616:

Beyond Donkey Kong: A History of Nintendo Arcade Games

4511:

Beyond Donkey Kong: A History of Nintendo Arcade Games

3535:

from the original on 26 June 2023 – via YouTube.

2401:

sound channel and more data storage for the Famicom's

1859:

and consoles; Nintendo ostensibly disabled the 6502's

740:, keyboard, data port, as well as the potential for a 11456: 7175:"Masterpiece: The NES Advantage—God's own controller" 4824: 4822: 4820: 4388:

Mochizuki, Takahashi; Savov, Vlad (August 25, 2020).

3833: 3806: 1583:

console released in 1986 to combine a Famicom with a

8580: 8186: 6817: 5643:(in Japanese). No. 66. Nintendo. January 2004. 4359:"A Tribute to the Nintendo Engineer Masayuki Uemura" 4322: 4320: 4318: 4316: 3623: 3621: 3361: 3091:

List of video game console emulators § Nintendo

1272:

In Brazil, the console was released late in 1993 by

1261:, an unauthorized hardware clone of the Famicom, in 521:, called for a simple, cheap console that could run 8138:"The Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) FAQ v3.0A" 7548:(in Japanese). No. 73. Nintendo. August 2004. 7335:"Five Famicom Peripherals That Never Escaped Japan" 6525:"New NES Cartridge Released, Sells Out Immediately" 6326:"Did Blowing into Nintendo Cartridges Really Help?" 6273:"Did Blowing into Nintendo Cartridges Really Help?" 4314: 4312: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4304: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4207:"Feature: How ColecoVision Became the King of Kong" 4154:"【任天堂「ファミコン」はこうして生まれた】第7回：業務用機の仕様を家庭用に、LSIの開発から着手" 2465: 1920:of on-die "object attribute memory" (OAM) to store 610:. With 61.91 million units sold, it is one of 8581:Turner, Benjamin; Christian Nutt (July 18, 2003). 8499:National Academy of Television Arts And Sciences. 8363:Computer + Video Games: Complete Guide to Consoles 8187:Turner, Benjamin; Christian Nutt (July 18, 2003). 7088:Frank, Allegra; Sarkar, Samit (November 4, 2016). 6386: 6384: 5916: 5914: 4817: 3784:Core Techniques and Algorithms in Game Programming 3524: 3464:Katei-yō Kasetto-Shiki Bideo Gēmu: Famirī Konpyūta 2734:because of the strict licensing requirements. The 2721:label; others tried circumventing the 10NES chip. 1253:Stadlbauer in Austria, Switzerland and the former 862:The console was released on July 15, 1983, as the 9162: 8069:"Talking Deals; How Nintendo Can Help A.T.&T" 7607: 7605: 7603: 7601: 7569: 7567: 6796:Nintendo Entertainment System Instruction Booklet 6621: 5951: 5004:"A complete history of Nintendo console launches" 4685:"7 things I learned from the designer of the NES" 4656:Chad Margetts & M. Noah Ward (May 31, 2005). 4433:. Vol. 4, no. 36. March 1985. p. 9 4010:"7 things I learned from the designer of the NES" 3618: 3596:"Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) – 1985–1995" 3032:The NES library includes some influential games. 2001:List of Nintendo Entertainment System accessories 11516: 9543: 8876:"Nintendo Bringing Back The NES Classic In 2018" 8035: 8033: 7888: 7857: 7855: 7725:"Nintendo World Class Service | Nintendo Player" 7517: 7515: 7418: 7009:from the original on April 20, 2017 – via 6807: 6805: 6747: 6745: 6110:from the original on August 9, 2022 – via 6037:from the original on March 21, 2022 – via 5733: 5731: 5729: 5727: 5403: 5370: 5368: 4293: 3056:in video games. Other two influential games are 1666:hardware clone of the NES that outputs 720p via 1307:The Nintendo Entertainment System's Control Deck 8526:"Nintendo Wins Emmy For DS And Wii Engineering" 8135: 7907:U.S. Court of Appeals; Federal Circuit (1992). 7716: 6566: 6564: 6562: 6381: 5911: 5271:"Nintendo und Stadlbauer beenden Partnerschaft" 3462: 3437: 2650:on all licensed games released for the system. 870:(equivalent to ¥18,400 in 2019) with three 826:for analysis, which led to Ricoh producing the 49:Nintendo Entertainment System / Family Computer 8276:"Nintendo's classic Famicom faces end of road" 8009: 8003: 7909:"Atari Games Corp. v. Nintendo of America Inc" 7598: 7564: 7026:"Every Nintendo Controller Generation, Ranked" 6720:"Nintendo Hardware Refreshes Through The Ages" 4649: 4387: 3779: 2905:of support to insufficient supplies of parts. 864:Home Cassette Type Video Game: Family Computer 90:NES Control Deck (with detachable controllers) 43:Magic: The Gathering deck types § Control 10943:Family Computer/Nintendo Entertainment System 10606: 10288: 9529: 9455:Atari Games Corp. v. Nintendo of America Inc. 9148: 8039: 8030: 7969: 7931: 7861: 7852: 7651: 7649: 7647: 7645: 7643: 7641: 7639: 7536: 7534: 7532: 7530: 7512: 6802: 6742: 6390: 5724: 5429: 5427: 5365: 4828: 4198: 4071: 4069: 4067: 4065: 4063: 3738: 3736: 3734: 3234: 2189:and licensed by Nintendo of America; and the 1626:A thriving market of unlicensed NES hardware 614:of all time. It was succeeded in 1990 by the 10620: 8551: 8549: 8547: 8451:. November 14, 2005. National Public Radio. 8443:"Smart Bomb: Inside the Video Game Industry" 8366:. Vol. 4. November 1990. pp. 7–23. 7842: 7840: 7838: 7466: 7464: 7462: 7460: 7458: 7456: 7454: 7452: 7302:"Revenge of Pac-Man: Vintage Games Are Back" 6559: 5399: 5397: 5070:"Historien om Bergsala – 20 år med Nintendo" 4906:. Season 4. Episode 5010. December 1, 2005. 4800:"New Nintendo system way ahead of the field" 3780:Sanchez-Crespo, Daniel (September 8, 2003). 3732: 3730: 3728: 3726: 3724: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3716: 3714: 3547:"Video Games Around the World: South Africa" 3351: 2797:claims against Nintendo were never decided. 2266:; two titles received worldwide releases as 1886: 755:The console's hardware was largely based on 628:History of the Nintendo Entertainment System 603:(1987) which have become major franchises. 8467: 7087: 6788: 6651: 6649: 6025:"Show gives gadget-lover glimpse of future" 5992:"This Nintendo Was Inside A Television Set" 5561:. Vol. 91. December 1996. p. 107. 5132:(in French). Pix'N Love. 2011. p. 133. 4500: 4498: 4496: 4494: 4336:. Roseville, California: Prima Publishing. 2605:'s theme song, "Life is like a hurricane". 2559:North American and PAL NES cartridges (or " 2532:List of Nintendo Entertainment System games 2131:on controllers of earlier gaming consoles. 1806: 1214:'s attempts to port the comedy-horror game 773:, with the goal of matching their powerful 533:design was reused from Nintendo's portable 11595:Products and services discontinued in 2003 10613: 10599: 10295: 10281: 9536: 9522: 9155: 9141: 8477:(Press release). Nintendo. July 16, 2007. 8314:(in Japanese). ITmedia. October 16, 2007. 8180: 8099: 8012:"Just Kids' Play or Computer in Disguise?" 7988: 7882: 7636: 7527: 7524:, pp. 164–167, "PLEASE SET DISK CARD" 7268:"Gotta Love That Fresh "AV Famicom Smell"" 7259: 7121:Nutt, Christian; Turner, Benjamin (2003). 7120: 6976: 6854: 6656:Nutt, Christian; Turner, Benjamin (2003). 6655: 6297: 6233: 5777:"Inside the Nintendo Entertainment System" 5519: 5517: 5424: 5122: 4959: 4682: 4350: 4148: 4146: 4060: 3570: 3568: 2360:By 1986, the cost and size limitations of 1981:Tooltip differential pulse-code modulation 1947:output, and the NES additionally supports 1231:and R.O.B. attracted extensive attention. 641:Original design for the NES as created by 79: 73: 61: 54: 30:"NES" redirects here. For other uses, see 8957:Sheff, David; Eddy, Andy (1 April 1999). 8956: 8544: 8165: 8163: 7950: 7835: 7747: 7449: 6943: 5668:"Spot On: Famicom makes history in Japan" 5468: 5466: 5394: 5332: 5214: 4356: 4054: 4042: 4030: 3921: 3889: 3851: 3827: 3711: 3629:"Consolidated Sales Transition by Region" 2933:The NES was released two years after the 2787:United States Patent and Trademark Office 2033:Original Famicom second player controller 1564:was changed between the Famicom and NES. 1401:with the console, two controllers, and a 1324:, two controllers, and the two Game Paks 1223:The optional Robotic Operating Buddy, or 918: 110:Samurai Electronic TV Game System (India) 9099:) is being considered for deletion. See 8898: 8873: 8701: 8129: 7810: 7424: 6646: 6522: 6473: 6348: 6291: 6143: 5989: 5923:"Hardware Classics: Nintendo AV Famicom" 5920: 5881: 5879: 5740:"Inside Nintendo's Classic Game Console" 5338: 5067: 5034: 4831:"Super Mario's Release Date is Missing!" 4612: 4543: 4504: 4491: 4451: 4204: 3927: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3268: 3266: 2920: 2852: 2619: 2615: 2554: 2224: 2193:, a controller with grip handles and a " 2021:Original Famicom first player controller 1810: 1766: 1694: 1657: 1616: 1477:Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography 1302: 1298: 990: 952: 636: 541:. Nintendo released add-ons such as the 11600:1995 disestablishments in North America 11248:1292 Advanced Programmable Video System 9042:(video). FamicomDojo.TV. March 18, 2015 8943: 8904: 8716:from the original on September 21, 2023 8683:from the original on September 21, 2023 8624:from the original on September 27, 2011 8614:"VC&G Review: Nintendo Power Mints" 8611: 8409:McGill, Douglas C. (December 4, 1988). 8241: 8066: 7753: 7332: 7295: 7293: 7265: 7172: 7056: 6823: 6798:. Nintendo of America. 1989. p. 5. 6357:"The Games Played For Nintendo's Sales" 6354: 6270: 6264: 6208: 6204: 6202: 6174: 5967:from the original on September 18, 2022 5847:from the original on September 14, 2021 5774: 5737: 5712:from the original on September 14, 2022 5598: 5571: 5514: 5344: 5283: 5143:Luna, José Antonio (February 3, 2019). 5068:Bjarneby, Tobias (September 29, 2006). 4936:from the original on September 2, 2012. 4765: 4737:"Video Games, Once Zapped, In Comeback" 4734: 4205:McFerran, Damien (September 18, 2010). 4143: 4131:from the original on September 30, 2021 4118: 3954: 3952: 3857: 3839: 3815: 3565: 3553:from the original on September 25, 2022 3027:Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry 2220: 2170:). The original Famicom has a deepened 14: 11575:Computer-related introductions in 1983 11517: 8987: 8919:from the original on December 12, 2018 8905:Shanley, Patrick (December 11, 2018). 8874:Ashcraft, Brian (September 12, 2017). 8668: 8560:. Indianapolis, Indiana: Brady Games. 8555: 8408: 8390:from the original on November 24, 2021 8160: 7766:from the original on December 11, 2008 7710: 7698: 7686: 7655: 7624:from the original on February 21, 2016 7611: 7586:from the original on February 20, 2022 7521: 7496:from the original on November 23, 2010 7472:"Retroinspection: Famicom Disk System" 7388: 7363: 7314:from the original on February 14, 2011 7299: 7023: 6898: 6836:from the original on February 11, 2020 6811: 6751: 6699:from the original on December 14, 2009 6686: 6640: 6570: 6553: 6535:from the original on February 26, 2010 6523:Hatfield, Daemon (February 23, 2010). 6442: 6427: 6355:Ramirez, Anthony (December 21, 1989). 6306:from the original on December 31, 2014 6239: 6221:from the original on September 2, 2011 6022: 5921:McFerran, Damien (February 18, 2013). 5665: 5617:from the original on February 23, 2011 5526:"Picking Out a Home Video Game System" 5523: 5485:from the original on November 12, 2022 5472: 5463: 5155:from the original on December 13, 2021 5080:from the original on December 13, 2021 5049:from the original on December 21, 2019 5016:from the original on November 13, 2019 4914:from the original on October 16, 2012. 4797: 4735:Pollack, Andrew (September 27, 1986). 3659: 3506:from the original on November 26, 2020 3491: 3294:'s unveiling of an unlicensed port of 2551:Nintendo Entertainment System Game Pak 2308: 1265:in exchange for also distributing the 874:of Nintendo's successful arcade games 705:employees to assist in developing the 330:Nintendo Entertainment System Game Pak 10594: 10276: 9517: 9136: 9012:from the original on January 11, 2020 8819: 8786: 8760: 8702:Robinson, Andy (September 21, 2023). 8481:from the original on February 7, 2023 8455:from the original on November 8, 2018 8318:from the original on October 23, 2007 8117:from the original on January 10, 2020 8087:from the original on February 8, 2015 7573: 7216:from the original on January 26, 2020 7102:from the original on November 5, 2016 6763: 6754:, pp. 250–253, Crystal Heartbeat 6658:"Metal Storm: All About the Hardware" 6582: 6500:from the original on February 7, 2023 6271:Higgins, Chris (September 24, 2012). 6252:from the original on October 15, 2012 6051: 6004:from the original on November 2, 2016 5876: 5817:from the original on October 23, 2017 5678:from the original on December 9, 2003 5192:from the original on February 7, 2023 5110:from the original on October 26, 2017 5001: 4986: 4859: 4798:Semrad, Edward J. (October 5, 1985). 4697:from the original on October 19, 2015 4637:from the original on February 7, 2023 4602:from the original on August 19, 2020. 4549: 4531:from the original on February 7, 2023 4402:from the original on November 6, 2021 4002: 3742: 3583: 3574: 3263: 3247: 2725: 2685:refusing Nintendo's one-sided terms. 1291:and the Korean version is called the 842:Nakawaka attached a Game & Watch 726:Nintendo Research & Development 2 11535:Third-generation video game consoles 9115:NES Classic Edition official website 9039:Famicom – Nintendo's Family Computer 8846: 8669:Hagues, Alana (September 21, 2023). 7612:Parish, Jeremy (February 19, 2016). 7552:from the original on August 29, 2004 7290: 7203: 7069:from the original on August 19, 2013 6880:from the original on August 26, 2022 6860:"The Troubled Early Days of Famicom" 6717: 6573:, pp. 27–30, Scraped to the Die 6369:from the original on August 20, 2016 6199: 6066:from the original on August 30, 2021 5647:from the original on January 6, 2004 5177:[NES, the 8-bit magic box]. 5142: 5037:"The Lie That Helped Build Nintendo" 4960:Cunningham, Andrew (July 15, 2013). 4326: 4219:from the original on January 6, 2012 3949: 3871:from the original on 24 January 2023 3660:Stuart, Keith (September 13, 2010). 3525:Top Hat Gaming Man (28 April 2019). 1743:With the release of the top-loading 1494:Nintendo Entertainment System models 1407:Game Pak. The Basic Set retailed at 822:arcade cabinet to chip manufacturer 257: (equivalent to ¥18,365 in 2019) 9504:Super Nintendo Entertainment System 8886:from the original on August 8, 2018 7919:from the original on August 8, 2011 7754:Edwards, Benj (November 14, 2005). 7278:from the original on March 21, 2006 7266:Edwards, Benj (February 23, 2006). 7057:Edwards, Benj (February 26, 2006). 6958:from the original on April 26, 2016 6944:Gallagher, Danny (April 26, 2016). 6776:from the original on August 1, 2015 6603:from the original on August 1, 2018 6279:from the original on August 4, 2014 6144:Phillips, Ashley (August 7, 2008). 5899:: Nintendo of America. October 1993 5586:from the original on March 29, 2014 5435:"Korea's NES, N64 and Super Comboy" 5284:Пичугин, Игорь (November 1, 1994). 4564:from the original on April 14, 2021 4550:Stark, Chelsea (October 19, 2015). 4369:from the original on March 15, 2024 4164:. December 19, 1994. Archived from 3980: 3909:from the original on 9 October 2020 3672:from the original on August 9, 2017 3641:from the original on April 27, 2016 3412: 3375: 2760: 2736:United States Department of Justice 2707:1988 shortage of DRAM and ROM chips 2476: 2470:Tooltip static random-access memory 1753:Super Nintendo Entertainment System 1726:Super Nintendo Entertainment System 1267:Super Nintendo Entertainment System 857: 616:Super Nintendo Entertainment System 24: 8855:from the original on July 15, 2016 8828:from the original on June 23, 2018 8801:from the original on July 17, 2016 8748:from the original on July 10, 2022 8423:from the original on July 15, 2021 8282:. October 31, 2007. Archived from 8256:from the original on June 19, 2012 8242:Niizumi, Hirohiko (May 30, 2003). 7788:. Reviews.ebay.com. Archived from 7668:from the original on June 19, 2014 7656:Bivens, Danny (October 26, 2011). 7437:from the original on July 27, 2019 7185:from the original on July 21, 2012 7038:from the original on June 17, 2022 7024:Scotti, Nicholas (June 16, 2022). 6764:Urrea, Sebastian (July 29, 2015). 6336:from the original on July 12, 2018 6209:Edwards, Benj (November 7, 2005). 6156:from the original on June 24, 2010 5933:from the original on July 12, 2021 5813:(in Japanese). Nintendo Co., Ltd. 5775:Edwards, Benj (October 14, 2010). 5604: 5572:Niizumi, Hirohiko (May 30, 2003). 5447:. February 9, 2008. Archived from 5382:from the original on June 12, 2018 5296:] (in Russian). Archived from 5035:Skrebels, Joe (December 9, 2019). 4974:from the original on July 16, 2013 4829:Dayton, David (October 18, 2010). 4237: 4075: 4016:. October 18, 2015. Archived from 3994:. October 16, 2015. Archived from 3928:Robinson, Martin (15 March 2020). 3492:Kohler, Chris (October 18, 2010). 1958:The console produces sound via an 1867:against or licensing fees towards 1606: 1451: 798:The Famicom was influenced by the 262: (equivalent to $ 510 in 2023) 25: 11621: 10172:GameCube technical specifications 9103:to help reach a consensus. › 9030: 8650:from the original on July 3, 2016 8612:Edwards, Benj (August 19, 2007). 8067:Freitag, Michael (June 8, 1989). 7811:Hilliard, Kyle (August 7, 2013). 7376:from the original on May 12, 2009 7345:from the original on May 10, 2020 7204:Lane, Gavin (December 26, 2019). 7173:Kuchera, Ben (January 17, 2011). 6925:from the original on May 31, 2022 6824:Bertoli, Ben (February 9, 2020). 6730:from the original on May 31, 2022 6455:from the original on May 15, 2014 6240:Nelson, Rob (February 12, 2003). 6187:from the original on July 6, 2010 6098:. September 5, 2019. p. 70. 5666:Tochen, Dan (December 2, 2003) . 5353:from the original on July 9, 2018 5345:Barboni, Flavio (July 13, 2013). 5188:. July 14, 2017. pp. 10–15. 4841:from the original on July 7, 2013 4747:from the original on June 6, 2021 4683:O'Kane, Sean (October 18, 2015). 4595:. November 23, 1985. p. 39. 4262:from the original on June 6, 2019 4100:from the original on June 6, 2019 2946:entertainment devices, such as a 2888:Takahashi Meijin no Bōken Jima IV 2536:List of Famicom Disk System games 2319:List of Famicom Disk System games 1836: 1487: 1289:Samurai Electronic TV Game System 1204:Official Nintendo Seal of Quality 11610:Discontinued video game consoles 11502: 11490: 11478: 11466: 9077:. March 17, 2007. Archived from 8867: 8840: 8813: 8780: 8777:. Retrieved on January 10, 2015. 8728: 8695: 8662: 8636: 8605: 8574: 8518: 8493: 8435: 8402: 8370: 8350: 8330: 8298: 8268: 8235: 8211: 7864:"Games Hot, but Cartridges Cool" 7862:Keizer, Gregg (September 1988). 7804: 7778: 7722: 7704: 7692: 7680: 7425:Linneman, John (July 27, 2019). 7406:from the original on May 2, 2013 7364:Kohler, Chris (March 11, 2007). 7357: 7326: 7300:Totilo, Stephen (June 3, 2004). 7253:NES Advantage Instruction Manual 7228: 7145: 7114: 7081: 7050: 7017: 6977:Eglowstein, Howard (July 1990). 6970: 6937: 6757: 6680: 6634: 6615: 6576: 6547: 6516: 6467: 6421: 6318: 6175:Edwards, Benj (August 7, 2007). 6168: 6137: 6118: 6078: 6045: 6016: 5990:Plunkett, Luke (April 1, 2011). 5738:Edwards, Benj (August 7, 2008). 5536:from the original on May 2, 2013 5473:Alwani, Rishi (March 20, 2015). 5286:"Соглашение Steepler и Nintendo" 5002:Welch, Oli (February 24, 2017). 4932:. July 21–25, 2003. p. 22. 4188:. April 21, 2012. Archived from 4186:GlitterBerri's Game Translations 3690: 3399: 3389: 3368: 2499: 2485: 2336: 2327: 2127:systems, to replace the bulkier 2119:, designed by Nintendo employee 2094: 2078: 2064: 2059:Redesigned "dog bone" controller 2052: 2038: 2026: 2014: 1877: 1871:, which was owned by then-rival 1540: 1528: 1514: 1502: 1414:Official Nintendo Player's Guide 1234: 759:, particularly the hardware for 11605:2003 disestablishments in Japan 9056:"Nintendo Entertainment System" 8980: 8338:"The rise and rise of Nintendo" 7985:. Retrieved on August 26, 2013. 7966:. Retrieved on August 26, 2013. 7947:. Retrieved on August 26, 2013. 7402:. October 3, 1989. p. D5. 7333:Markley, John (July 15, 2015). 6979:"Reach Out and Touch Your Data" 5983: 5945: 5859: 5829: 5799: 5768: 5690: 5659: 5629: 5565: 5548: 5497: 5312: 5277: 5263: 5249: 5241:"NINTENDO O KOSMOS TOU 2.000". 5234: 5220: 5175:"NES, la caja magica de 8-bits" 5136: 5130:L'Histoire de Nintendo Volume 3 5092: 5061: 5028: 4995: 4926:"25 Smartest Moments in Gaming" 4918: 4890: 4853: 4759: 4728: 4725:. Vandal.net, February 29, 2020 4709: 4676: 4613:Horowitz, Ken (July 30, 2020). 4606: 4576: 4505:Horowitz, Ken (July 30, 2020). 4445: 4417: 4381: 4357:Alt, Matt (December 14, 2021). 4274: 4231: 4112: 3895: 3773: 3684: 3653: 3444: 3419: 3374:French NES consoles include an 3341: 3305: 3284: 3253: 3240: 2814: 2588:Zelda II: The Adventure of Link 2372:was gaining wide adoption as a 1875:. The CPU has access to 2 1690: 1049:in dry American states such as 571:, and pioneered a now-standard 427:(approx. 10 million units) 416:(approx. 40 million units) 106:Family Computer/Famicom (Japan) 11289:View-Master Interactive Vision 10068:Family Computer Network System 8528:. News.sky.com. Archived from 8386:. March 1995. pp. 56–62. 7664:. Nintendo's Expansion Ports. 6899:Kohler, Chris (October 2005). 6689:"French NES – with RGB output" 5837:"NES Game Pak Troubleshooting" 5524:Brooks, Andree (May 4, 1991). 4584:"Springsteen Sweeps JB Awards" 4270:– via Nikkei Trendy Net. 4119:McClain, K.J. (July 5, 2018). 4108:– via Nikkei Trendy Net. 3693:"The games that sold consoles" 3539: 3518: 3485: 3352: 3223: 3213: 3203: 2275:The 3-D Battles of WorldRunner 2005: 1994: 1945:radio frequency (RF) modulator 793: 13: 1: 11525:Nintendo Entertainment System 10496:Nintendo Entertainment System 9164:Nintendo Entertainment System 9106:Nintendo Entertainment System 9088: 8820:Kamen, Matt (July 14, 2016). 8113:. December 1990. p. 26. 6718:Lane, Gavin (July 12, 2021). 6023:Gutman, Dan (June 17, 1985). 3473: 3134: 1521:Sharp C1 Famicom TV (14-inch) 818:arcade hardware; they took a 659:second generation of consoles 632: 473:Nintendo Entertainment System 11274:Gakken Compact Vision TV Boy 10078:Nintendo Wi-Fi USB Connector 9545:Nintendo video game hardware 8950:Nikkei Business Publications 8787:Biggs, Tim (July 15, 2016). 8618:Vintage Computing and Gaming 8589:. p. 20. Archived from 8358:"The Complete Machine Guide" 8195:. p. 27. Archived from 8073:International New York Times 8010:Ferrell, Keith (July 1989). 7760:Vintage Computing and Gaming 7689:, pp. 209–212, New Maps 7272:Vintage Computing and Gaming 7255:. Nintendo of America. 1987. 7238:. Nintendo of America. 1988. 7063:Vintage Computing and Gaming 6990:. Vol. 15, no. 7. 6907:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: 6687:Sketcz (December 11, 2009). 6583:Hongo, Jun (July 15, 2013). 6215:Vintage Computing and Gaming 6181:Vintage Computing and Gaming 5843:. Nintendo of America, Inc. 5605:川島, 圭太 (February 18, 2004). 4770:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: 4660:. Nintendojo. Archived from 4248:Nikkei Business Publications 4162:Nikkei Business Publications 4086:Nikkei Business Publications 3788:. New Riders Games. p. 3478: 3191:Nintendo World Championships 3084: 3068:, which had established the 3052:and helped popularizing the 2836: 1891:Tooltip random-access memory 731: 108:Hyundai Comboy (South Korea) 7: 11590:Products introduced in 1986 11585:Products introduced in 1985 11580:Products introduced in 1983 11344:3DO Interactive Multiplayer 11329:3DO Interactive Multiplayer 10991:3DO Interactive Multiplayer 10160:Super NES enhancement chips 8847:Paul, Ian (July 14, 2016). 8583:"8-Bit Memories, 1988–1994" 8228:. March 1995. p. 156. 8189:"8-Bit Memories, 1988–1994" 8040:Keizer, Gregg (July 1989). 7574:ウワーマン (February 21, 2022). 7366:"VGL: Koji Kondo Interview" 6766:"NES Sounds as Instruments" 6298:Hill, Kyle (July 1, 2014). 5349:(in Portuguese). TechTudo. 4425:"Nintendo's Final Solution" 4238:高野, 雅晴 (January 16, 1995). 4076:高野, 雅晴 (January 16, 1995). 3463: 3438: 3362: 3174: 2781:. The company attempted to 2544: 2540:List of cancelled NES games 2424:released a Famicom port of 1740:the authorization program. 1482: 806:'s competition against the 10: 11626: 8935: 8773:December 11, 2014, at the 8475:"Nintendo Wins Emmy Award" 8142:ClassicGaming.com's Museum 7938:The Morning Call – Article 7819:. GameStop. Archived from 7484:. April 2010. p. 62. 7236:NES Max Instruction Manual 6901:"Buy a Famicom from Japan" 5510:Advertisement on page 129. 4869:. New York: Random House. 4721:February 29, 2020, at the 4507:"Nintendo "VS." the World" 3930:"The man who made the NES" 3752:. New York: Random House. 3455:家庭用カセット式ビデオゲーム　ファミリーコンピュータ 3138: 3088: 2807:under the subsidiary name 2723: 2548: 2529: 2312: 1998: 1855:prevalent in contemporary 1843:, and PAL consoles have a 1762: 1610: 1587:. Sharp then produced the 1491: 1061:released 17 launch games: 982:. The March 1985 issue of 969:controller, and a special 922: 655:golden age of arcade games 625: 621: 502:, it mainly competed with 36: 29: 11445: 11420: 11399: 11358: 11297: 11256: 11221: 11214: 11181: 11138: 11110: 11060: 11037: 11004: 10981: 10933: 10910: 10872: 10849: 10821: 10798: 10780:Commodore 64 Games System 10770: 10747: 10724: 10681: 10628: 10549:Fourth generation → 10544:← Second generation 10540: 10491:Commodore 64 Games System 10458: 10449: 10391: 10315: 10212: 10137: 10116: 10086: 10060: 9953: 9917: 9840: 9794: 9787: 9751: 9743:Super NES Classic Edition 9725: 9718: 9697: 9615: 9560: 9551: 9493: 9446: 9383: 9368:Famicom Disk System games 9350: 9323: 9258: 9192: 9183: 9170: 8794:The Sydney Morning Herald 8173:Electronic Gaming Monthly 8170:"International Outlook". 7962:October 17, 2013, at the 7943:October 17, 2013, at the 6443:Mortal (April 23, 2014). 6130:January 11, 2013, at the 5869:Electronic Gaming Monthly 5841:Nintendo Customer Service 5698:"テレビゲームの展覧会「レベルX」本日から開催！" 5404:Noviello, Renato (2000). 5100:"Computerspel komt terug" 3602:. GameSpy. Archived from 3577:San Bernardino County Sun 3531:. Event occurs at 7:48. 3454: 3429: 3260:million in other regions. 2916: 2256:active shutter 3D headset 2229:The Japanese Famicom has 1908:—the PPU features 2 1636: 1595:, plus inputs for adding 1035:Consumer Electronics Show 941:computer with Nintendo's 935:Consumer Electronics Show 900:and a reissue with a new 612:the best-selling consoles 455: 445: 435: 397: 387: 379: 371: 364:256 × 240 360: 335: 325: 317: 287:August 14, 1995 266: 250: 162: 152: 142: 132: 122: 100: 70: 53: 11530:Home video game consoles 10622:Home video game consoles 9127:Famicom official website 9120:August 12, 2020, at the 9101:templates for discussion 8378:"Finance & Business" 8306: 8218:"CES ProNews Flashes!". 8136:Nielsen, Martin (1997). 7999:. June 1988. p. 50. 7995:"The Nintendo Threat?". 7546:Nintendo Online Magazine 7396:"Stock Link by Nintendo" 6474:Scullion, Chris (2019). 6407:10.1177/1555412010377319 5641:Nintendo Online Magazine 5376:"Playtronic, a história" 4487:(Subscription required.) 4466:10.1177/1461444806059921 4413:(Subscription required.) 3905:. Nintendo. April 2010. 3634:. Nintendo. March 2016. 3235:technical specifications 3196: 2935:video game crash of 1983 2740:Federal Trade Commission 2730:Nintendo was accused of 2525: 2376:medium. Partnering with 2260:stereoscopic video games 1902:video display controller 1807:Technical specifications 1706:video game crash of 1983 995:Nintendo's display at a 980:video game crash of 1983 830:(PPU) chip for the NES. 569:video game crash of 1983 565:American gaming industry 517:. Nintendo's president, 513:The NES was designed by 500:third-generation console 10948:Super Famicom/Super NES 10920:PC Engine/TurboGrafx-16 10323:Home video game console 8988:Altice, Nathan (2015). 4621:McFarland & Company 4515:McFarland & Company 4454:New Media & Society 4286:March 29, 2013, at the 4182:"Deciding on the Specs" 3158:series. The system has 2793:infringement. Tengen's 2726:§ Unlicensed games 2648:golden seal of approval 2633:to cease production of 2045:Original NES controller 1935:The console's standard 1873:Commodore International 1824:central processing unit 1662:The RetroUSB AVS is an 1043:video cassette recorder 1028:video cassette recorder 828:Picture Processing Unit 539:video cassette recorder 484:home video game console 175:July 15, 1983 147:Home video game console 115:(Post-Soviet countries) 27:Home video game console 10257:Nintendo optical discs 10247:Game Boy Advance Video 9478:Nintendo Cereal System 8912:The Hollywood Reporter 8556:Kohler, Chris (2004). 6770:Original Sound Version 6589:The Japan Times Online 6332:. September 24, 2012. 6052:ウワーマン (July 1, 2021). 5866:"International News". 4658:"Lance Barr Interview" 3867:. Nintendo of Europe. 3050:action-adventure games 3048:had mostly influenced 2948:videocassette recorder 2930: 2892:, in North America is 2858: 2697:signed on soon after. 2625: 2564: 2364:used in the Famicom's 2240: 1863:mode on them to avoid 1826:(CPU) was produced by 1819: 1772: 1700: 1671: 1623: 1374:World Class Track Meet 1308: 1299:Bundles and redesigns 1163:. Nintendo contracted 1014:arcade machine of 1985 1000: 999:in New York City, 1986 963:cassette data recorder 958: 919:North American release 769:(1979) and Nintendo's 646: 577:third-party developers 11555:2000s in video gaming 11550:1990s in video gaming 11545:1980s in video gaming 10813:Super Cassette Vision 10757:Coleco Telstar Arcade 10523:Super Cassette Vision 10481:Atari XE Games System 10436:Eighth (2012–present) 10335:Handheld game console 9848:Famicom Data Recorder 9266:Aladdin Deck Enhancer 9205:Famicom Data Recorder 8709:Video Games Chronicle 8514:on February 28, 2008. 8411:"Nintendo Scores Big" 8307:初代「ファミコン」など公式修理サポート終了 8111:Computer Gaming World 7997:Computer Gaming World 7976:SunSentinel – Article 7891:Computer Gaming World 7847:GameSpy.com – Article 7662:Nintendo World Report 7658:"Famicom Disk System" 6858:; Imanishi, Hiroshi. 6275:. Mental Floss, Inc. 5807:"修理の受付が終了した商品サポート情報" 5783:. IDG. Archived from 5451:on September 21, 2021 5412:on September 22, 2018 5347:"Master System x NES" 5333:Sheff & Eddy 1999 5215:Sheff & Eddy 1999 5106:. November 11, 1988. 5104:Krantenbankzeeland.nl 4804:The Milwaukee Journal 4766:Burnham, Van (2001). 4055:Sheff & Eddy 1999 4043:Sheff & Eddy 1999 4031:Sheff & Eddy 1999 3890:Sheff & Eddy 1999 3852:Sheff & Eddy 1999 3828:Sheff & Eddy 1999 3695:. MSN. Archived from 3332:The Milwaukee Journal 3089:Further information: 3038:is the forerunner of 2939:console manufacturers 2924: 2890:(Adventure Island IV) 2856: 2805:Christian video games 2766:are in the form of a 2724:Further information: 2687:Acclaim Entertainment 2623: 2616:Third-party licensing 2594:DuckTales: Remastered 2558: 2374:computer data storage 2228: 1960:audio processing unit 1834:clocked at 1.79 1814: 1785:1983 video game crash 1770: 1698: 1661: 1620: 1306: 1171:and you want to sell 1047:electrostatic hazards 1007:, in the form of the 994: 956: 923:Further information: 640: 11540:1983 in video gaming 10441:Ninth (2020–present) 9945:GBA Wireless Adapter 9940:GCN – GBA Link Cable 9066:on October 20, 2007. 8343:New Computer Express 7981:May 9, 2013, at the 7792:on December 26, 2011 7735:on September 7, 2013 6668:on December 23, 2005 5955:(October 25, 2013). 5708:. December 4, 2003. 5322:. December 14, 2021. 5273:. February 10, 2014. 4835:The Mushroom Kingdom 4020:on October 19, 2015. 3998:on October 16, 2015. 3328:Computer Entertainer 3313:Donkey Kong Jr. Math 3040:side-scrolling games 2732:antitrust violations 2303:Fidelity Investments 2243:Few of the numerous 2221:Japanese accessories 1861:binary-coded decimal 1710:zero-insertion force 1039:zero insertion force 750:random-access memory 39:Magic: The Gathering 32:NES (disambiguation) 11239:Fairchild Channel F 10431:Seventh (2005–2017) 10304:Video game consoles 10138:Integrated circuits 10047:Nintendo Switch Pro 9853:Famicom Disk System 9738:NES Classic Edition 9461:Nintendo VS. System 9399:NES Classic Edition 9200:Famicom Disk System 8532:on October 11, 2012 8286:on November 5, 2007 8042:"Editorial License" 6693:Hardcore Gaming 101 6484:Pen and Sword Books 5897:Redmond, Washington 5706:Softbank Publishing 5637:"編集長の目/企画者からのメッセージ" 4517:. pp. 115–28. 4168:on October 12, 2008 3606:on October 29, 2012 3430:ファミリーコンピュータ (ファミコン) 3231:MOS Technology 6502 3181:History of Nintendo 3155:The Legend of Zelda 3141:NES Classic Edition 3045:The Legend of Zelda 2962:The Legend of Zelda 2898:, and in Europe is 2582:The Legend of Zelda 2399:wavetable synthesis 2315:Famicom Disk System 2309:Famicom Disk System 1865:patent infringement 1849:MOS Technology 6502 1822:The console's main 1749:card edge connector 1585:Famicom Disk System 1473:Famicom Disk System 1404:Super Mario Bros. 3 1285:import restrictions 1009:Nintendo VS. System 713:, and the handheld 699:Mitsubishi Electric 651:video game industry 588:The Legend of Zelda 460:Famicom Disk System 423:Super Mario Bros. 2 391:2 controller ports 50: 11080:Mega Drive/Genesis 10416:Fourth (1987–2004) 10406:Second (1976–1992) 10262:Nintendo Game Card 10015:Classic Controller 9084:on March 17, 2007. 8946:Nikkei Electronics 8448:Talk of the Nation 8416:The New York Times 8148:on October 6, 2008 7913:Digital Law Online 7482:Imagine Publishing 7400:The New York Times 7307:The New York Times 6362:The New York Times 5953:Sharp Corporation 5787:on October 4, 2018 5607:"写真で綴るレベルＸ～完全保存版！" 5555:"Nintendo Power". 5530:The New York Times 5335:, p. 413-414. 4741:The New York Times 4192:on April 27, 2012. 4158:Nikkei Electronics 3865:"Nintendo History" 3378:port that outputs 3025:was bestowed "The 2931: 2859: 2821:video rental shops 2626: 2565: 2417:by several years. 2415:online leaderboard 2407:interactive kiosks 2241: 1989:crystal oscillator 1937:display resolution 1820: 1773: 1732:and cotton swabs. 1701: 1672: 1649:Simplified Chinese 1624: 1434:Nintendo World Cup 1394:Nintendo World Cup 1388:Super Spike V'Ball 1381:infrared wireless 1336:with no game, and 1309: 1001: 959: 757:arcade video games 701:and hired several 647: 321:61.91 million 307:September 25, 2003 303:September 25, 2003 251:Introductory price 48: 11454: 11453: 11441: 11440: 11371:EVO Smart Console 10691:Super Vision 8000 10588: 10587: 10536: 10535: 10426:Sixth (1998–2013) 10421:Fifth (1993–2006) 10411:Third (1983–2003) 10401:First (1972–1980) 10359:Dedicated console 10270: 10269: 10112: 10111: 10027:Wii Balance Board 10003:WaveBird Wireless 9858:Famicom 3D System 9783: 9782: 9779: 9778: 9511: 9510: 9358:List of NES games 9319: 9318: 9220:Famicom 3D System 9005:978-0-262-02877-6 8766:Fayzullin, Marat 7957:1UP.com – Article 7823:on August 8, 2013 6918:978-0-596-00917-5 6493:978-1-5267-3780-9 6394:Games and Culture 6096:Future Publishing 5963:) (in Japanese). 5674:. CNET Networks. 5445:Enthusiast Gaming 5406:"O NES no Brasil" 5300:on April 27, 2019 5230:. April 30, 2022. 4630:978-1-4766-4176-8 4524:978-1-4766-4176-8 3336:Super Mario Bros. 3324:Super Mario Bros. 3274:Sharp Corporation 3149:Super Mario Bros. 3035:Super Mario Bros. 2956:Super Mario Bros. 2830:Blockbuster Video 2438:chips to perform 2432:Ghosts 'n Goblins 2393:) and introduced 2390:Super Mario Bros. 2252:Famicom 3D System 2233:support with the 2183:arcade controller 1974:channel, and one 1841:Tooltip megahertz 1730:isopropyl alcohol 1572:Sharp Corporation 1351:Super Mario Bros. 1342:Super Mario Bros. 1340:bundled with the 1142:Super Mario Bros. 703:Sharp Electronics 582:Super Mario Bros. 469: 468: 464:Famicom 3D System 412:Super Mario Bros. 399:Best-selling game 200:September 1, 1986 127:Nintendo R&D2 16:(Redirected from 11617: 11507: 11506: 11495: 11494: 11483: 11482: 11471: 11470: 11469: 11462: 11244:Interton VC 4000 11219: 11218: 11014:Magnavox Odyssey 10615: 10608: 10601: 10592: 10591: 10456: 10455: 10308:third generation 10297: 10290: 10283: 10274: 10273: 9884:Game Boy Printer 9863:Super NES CD-ROM 9792: 9791: 9759:Game & Watch 9723: 9722: 9633:Game Boy Advance 9558: 9557: 9538: 9531: 9524: 9515: 9514: 9426:Analogue Nt Mini 9190: 9189: 9157: 9150: 9143: 9134: 9133: 9085: 9083: 9076: 9067: 9062:. Archived from 9051: 9049: 9047: 9025: 9019: 9017: 8974: 8963:. Cyber Active. 8953: 8929: 8928: 8926: 8924: 8902: 8896: 8895: 8893: 8891: 8871: 8865: 8864: 8862: 8860: 8844: 8838: 8837: 8835: 8833: 8817: 8811: 8810: 8808: 8806: 8784: 8778: 8764: 8758: 8757: 8755: 8753: 8732: 8726: 8725: 8723: 8721: 8699: 8693: 8692: 8690: 8688: 8666: 8660: 8659: 8657: 8655: 8640: 8634: 8633: 8631: 8629: 8609: 8603: 8602: 8600: 8598: 8578: 8572: 8571: 8553: 8542: 8541: 8539: 8537: 8522: 8516: 8515: 8513: 8507:. Archived from 8506: 8497: 8491: 8490: 8488: 8486: 8471: 8465: 8464: 8462: 8460: 8439: 8433: 8432: 8430: 8428: 8406: 8400: 8399: 8397: 8395: 8374: 8368: 8367: 8354: 8348: 8347: 8334: 8328: 8327: 8325: 8323: 8302: 8296: 8295: 8293: 8291: 8272: 8266: 8265: 8263: 8261: 8239: 8233: 8232: 8215: 8209: 8208: 8206: 8204: 8184: 8178: 8177: 8167: 8158: 8157: 8155: 8153: 8144:. Archived from 8133: 8127: 8126: 8124: 8122: 8103: 8097: 8096: 8094: 8092: 8064: 8058: 8057: 8055: 8053: 8037: 8028: 8027: 8025: 8023: 8007: 8001: 8000: 7992: 7986: 7973: 7967: 7954: 7948: 7935: 7929: 7928: 7926: 7924: 7904: 7895: 7894: 7886: 7880: 7879: 7877: 7875: 7859: 7850: 7844: 7833: 7832: 7830: 7828: 7808: 7802: 7801: 7799: 7797: 7782: 7776: 7775: 7773: 7771: 7751: 7745: 7744: 7742: 7740: 7731:. Archived from 7720: 7714: 7708: 7702: 7696: 7690: 7684: 7678: 7677: 7675: 7673: 7653: 7634: 7633: 7631: 7629: 7609: 7596: 7595: 7593: 7591: 7571: 7562: 7561: 7559: 7557: 7538: 7525: 7519: 7510: 7509: 7503: 7501: 7468: 7447: 7446: 7444: 7442: 7422: 7416: 7415: 7413: 7411: 7392: 7386: 7385: 7383: 7381: 7361: 7355: 7354: 7352: 7350: 7330: 7324: 7323: 7321: 7319: 7297: 7288: 7287: 7285: 7283: 7263: 7257: 7256: 7249: 7240: 7239: 7232: 7226: 7225: 7223: 7221: 7201: 7195: 7194: 7192: 7190: 7170: 7161: 7160: 7149: 7143: 7142: 7140: 7138: 7118: 7112: 7111: 7109: 7107: 7085: 7079: 7078: 7076: 7074: 7054: 7048: 7047: 7045: 7043: 7021: 7015: 7014: 7008: 6983: 6974: 6968: 6967: 6965: 6963: 6941: 6935: 6934: 6932: 6930: 6896: 6890: 6889: 6887: 6885: 6856:Uemura, Masayuki 6852: 6846: 6845: 6843: 6841: 6821: 6815: 6809: 6800: 6799: 6792: 6786: 6785: 6783: 6781: 6761: 6755: 6749: 6740: 6739: 6737: 6735: 6715: 6709: 6708: 6706: 6704: 6684: 6678: 6677: 6675: 6673: 6653: 6644: 6638: 6632: 6631: 6630: 6626: 6619: 6613: 6612: 6610: 6608: 6580: 6574: 6568: 6557: 6551: 6545: 6544: 6542: 6540: 6520: 6514: 6513: 6507: 6505: 6476:"Licensed Games" 6471: 6465: 6464: 6462: 6460: 6440: 6431: 6425: 6419: 6418: 6388: 6379: 6378: 6376: 6374: 6352: 6346: 6345: 6343: 6341: 6322: 6316: 6315: 6313: 6311: 6295: 6289: 6288: 6286: 6284: 6268: 6262: 6261: 6259: 6257: 6237: 6231: 6230: 6228: 6226: 6206: 6197: 6196: 6194: 6192: 6172: 6166: 6165: 6163: 6161: 6141: 6135: 6122: 6116: 6115: 6094:. No. 198. 6086:"Famicom Titler" 6082: 6076: 6075: 6073: 6071: 6049: 6043: 6042: 6020: 6014: 6013: 6011: 6009: 5987: 5981: 5980: 5974: 5972: 5949: 5943: 5942: 5940: 5938: 5918: 5909: 5908: 5906: 5904: 5883: 5874: 5873: 5863: 5857: 5856: 5854: 5852: 5833: 5827: 5826: 5824: 5822: 5811:Nintendo Support 5803: 5797: 5796: 5794: 5792: 5772: 5766: 5765: 5763: 5761: 5752:. Archived from 5735: 5722: 5721: 5719: 5717: 5694: 5688: 5687: 5685: 5683: 5663: 5657: 5656: 5654: 5652: 5633: 5627: 5626: 5624: 5622: 5602: 5596: 5595: 5593: 5591: 5569: 5563: 5562: 5552: 5546: 5545: 5543: 5541: 5521: 5512: 5501: 5495: 5494: 5492: 5490: 5470: 5461: 5460: 5458: 5456: 5431: 5422: 5421: 5419: 5417: 5401: 5392: 5391: 5389: 5387: 5372: 5363: 5362: 5360: 5358: 5342: 5336: 5330: 5324: 5323: 5316: 5310: 5309: 5307: 5305: 5281: 5275: 5274: 5267: 5261: 5260: 5253: 5247: 5246: 5238: 5232: 5231: 5224: 5218: 5212: 5206: 5205: 5199: 5197: 5186:Axel Springer SE 5171: 5165: 5164: 5162: 5160: 5140: 5134: 5133: 5126: 5120: 5119: 5117: 5115: 5096: 5090: 5089: 5087: 5085: 5065: 5059: 5058: 5056: 5054: 5032: 5026: 5025: 5023: 5021: 4999: 4993: 4990: 4984: 4983: 4981: 4979: 4957: 4938: 4937: 4922: 4916: 4915: 4894: 4888: 4887: 4885: 4883: 4857: 4851: 4850: 4848: 4846: 4826: 4815: 4814: 4812: 4810: 4795: 4786: 4785: 4763: 4757: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4732: 4726: 4713: 4707: 4706: 4704: 4702: 4680: 4674: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4664:on July 22, 2016 4653: 4647: 4646: 4644: 4642: 4610: 4604: 4603: 4601: 4588: 4580: 4574: 4573: 4571: 4569: 4547: 4541: 4540: 4538: 4536: 4502: 4489: 4488: 4485: 4449: 4443: 4442: 4440: 4438: 4430:Electronic Games 4421: 4415: 4414: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4385: 4379: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4354: 4348: 4347: 4324: 4291: 4278: 4272: 4271: 4269: 4267: 4235: 4229: 4228: 4226: 4224: 4202: 4196: 4193: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4150: 4141: 4140: 4138: 4136: 4116: 4110: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4073: 4058: 4052: 4046: 4045:, p. 31-32. 4040: 4034: 4033:, p. 28-29. 4028: 4022: 4021: 4006: 4000: 3999: 3984: 3978: 3977: 3975: 3973: 3956: 3947: 3946: 3944: 3942: 3925: 3919: 3918: 3916: 3914: 3899: 3893: 3887: 3881: 3880: 3878: 3876: 3861: 3855: 3854:, p. 27-28. 3849: 3843: 3837: 3831: 3825: 3819: 3813: 3804: 3803: 3787: 3777: 3771: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3740: 3709: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3699:on March 9, 2008 3688: 3682: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3657: 3651: 3650: 3648: 3646: 3640: 3633: 3625: 3616: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3592: 3581: 3580: 3572: 3563: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3543: 3537: 3536: 3522: 3516: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3489: 3467: 3466: 3456: 3448: 3442: 3441: 3431: 3423: 3413:Transliterations 3406: 3403: 3397: 3393: 3387: 3377: 3372: 3366: 3365: 3363:Hyeondae Keomboi 3355: 3354: 3345: 3339: 3309: 3303: 3288: 3282: 3270: 3261: 3257: 3251: 3248:game controllers 3244: 3238: 3227: 3221: 3217: 3211: 3207: 3112:service for the 3104:, an unofficial 2783:reverse engineer 2761:Unlicensed games 2503: 2489: 2477:NES Test Station 2471: 2467: 2340: 2331: 2215:Game Boy Advance 2125:Game & Watch 2098: 2082: 2068: 2056: 2042: 2030: 2018: 1982: 1978: 1892: 1888: 1884:of onboard work 1883: 1882:Tooltip kilobyte 1879: 1842: 1838: 1797:regional lockout 1638: 1544: 1532: 1518: 1506: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1426:Super Mario Bros 1410: 1400: 1365:Super Mario Bros 1347: 1339: 1335: 1315: 1165:Worlds of Wonder 985:Electronic Games 976:video game press 869: 858:Japanese release 839:Game & Watch 715:Game & Watch 711:Color TV-Game 15 695:Magnavox Odyssey 683:Hiroshi Yamauchi 535:Game & Watch 519:Hiroshi Yamauchi 428: 417: 393:1 expansion slot 388:Controller input 375:PPU (Ricoh 2C02) 310: 308: 302: 294: 292: 286: 261: 256: 242: 229: 220: 199: 191:October 18, 1985 190: 182: 180: 174: 103: 83: 77: 65: 58: 51: 47: 21: 11625: 11624: 11620: 11619: 11618: 11616: 11615: 11614: 11515: 11514: 11513: 11501: 11489: 11477: 11467: 11465: 11457: 11455: 11450: 11437: 11416: 11395: 11354: 11293: 11252: 11234:Bally Astrocade 11210: 11177: 11134: 11106: 11056: 11033: 11024:Videopac+ G7400 11000: 10977: 10929: 10906: 10902:Xbox Series X/S 10868: 10845: 10817: 10808:Cassette Vision 10794: 10766: 10743: 10720: 10677: 10624: 10619: 10589: 10584: 10551: 10546: 10532: 10451: 10445: 10387: 10311: 10301: 10271: 10266: 10208: 10133: 10108: 10082: 10056: 9983:Super NES Mouse 9949: 9935:Game Link Cable 9913: 9904:Game Boy Player 9879:Game Boy Camera 9836: 9775: 9771:Pokémon Pikachu 9747: 9714: 9693: 9611: 9573:official models 9547: 9542: 9512: 9507: 9501:• Succeeded by 9489: 9442: 9394:Official models 9386:hardware clones 9384:Variations and 9379: 9346: 9315: 9301:Turbo Touch 360 9254: 9179: 9166: 9161: 9122:Wayback Machine 9104: 9081: 9074: 9072:"NES game list" 9070: 9054: 9045: 9043: 9036: 9033: 9028: 9015: 9013: 9006: 8983: 8978: 8977: 8971: 8948:(in Japanese). 8938: 8933: 8932: 8922: 8920: 8903: 8899: 8889: 8887: 8872: 8868: 8858: 8856: 8845: 8841: 8831: 8829: 8818: 8814: 8804: 8802: 8785: 8781: 8775:Wayback Machine 8765: 8761: 8751: 8749: 8734: 8733: 8729: 8719: 8717: 8700: 8696: 8686: 8684: 8667: 8663: 8653: 8651: 8642: 8641: 8637: 8627: 8625: 8610: 8606: 8596: 8594: 8593:on May 20, 2009 8579: 8575: 8568: 8554: 8545: 8535: 8533: 8524: 8523: 8519: 8511: 8504: 8500: 8498: 8494: 8484: 8482: 8473: 8472: 8468: 8458: 8456: 8441: 8440: 8436: 8426: 8424: 8407: 8403: 8393: 8391: 8376: 8375: 8371: 8356: 8355: 8351: 8336: 8335: 8331: 8321: 8319: 8308: 8304: 8303: 8299: 8289: 8287: 8274: 8273: 8269: 8259: 8257: 8240: 8236: 8224:. No. 68. 8217: 8216: 8212: 8202: 8200: 8199:on May 20, 2009 8185: 8181: 8169: 8168: 8161: 8151: 8149: 8134: 8130: 8120: 8118: 8105: 8104: 8100: 8090: 8088: 8065: 8061: 8051: 8049: 8038: 8031: 8021: 8019: 8008: 8004: 7994: 7993: 7989: 7983:Wayback Machine 7974: 7970: 7964:Wayback Machine 7955: 7951: 7945:Wayback Machine 7936: 7932: 7922: 7920: 7905: 7898: 7887: 7883: 7873: 7871: 7860: 7853: 7845: 7836: 7826: 7824: 7809: 7805: 7795: 7793: 7784: 7783: 7779: 7769: 7767: 7752: 7748: 7738: 7736: 7721: 7717: 7709: 7705: 7697: 7693: 7685: 7681: 7671: 7669: 7654: 7637: 7627: 7625: 7610: 7599: 7589: 7587: 7582:(in Japanese). 7572: 7565: 7555: 7553: 7540: 7539: 7528: 7520: 7513: 7499: 7497: 7480:. No. 75. 7470: 7469: 7450: 7440: 7438: 7423: 7419: 7409: 7407: 7394: 7393: 7389: 7379: 7377: 7362: 7358: 7348: 7346: 7331: 7327: 7317: 7315: 7298: 7291: 7281: 7279: 7264: 7260: 7251: 7250: 7243: 7234: 7233: 7229: 7219: 7217: 7202: 7198: 7188: 7186: 7171: 7164: 7151: 7150: 7146: 7136: 7134: 7133:on May 20, 2009 7123:"Enter the NES" 7119: 7115: 7105: 7103: 7086: 7082: 7072: 7070: 7055: 7051: 7041: 7039: 7022: 7018: 7006: 6994:. p. 283. 6981: 6975: 6971: 6961: 6959: 6942: 6938: 6928: 6926: 6919: 6897: 6893: 6883: 6881: 6853: 6849: 6839: 6837: 6822: 6818: 6810: 6803: 6794: 6793: 6789: 6779: 6777: 6762: 6758: 6750: 6743: 6733: 6731: 6716: 6712: 6702: 6700: 6685: 6681: 6671: 6669: 6654: 6647: 6639: 6635: 6628: 6620: 6616: 6606: 6604: 6581: 6577: 6569: 6560: 6552: 6548: 6538: 6536: 6521: 6517: 6503: 6501: 6494: 6472: 6468: 6458: 6456: 6441: 6434: 6426: 6422: 6389: 6382: 6372: 6370: 6353: 6349: 6339: 6337: 6324: 6323: 6319: 6309: 6307: 6296: 6292: 6282: 6280: 6269: 6265: 6255: 6253: 6238: 6234: 6224: 6222: 6207: 6200: 6190: 6188: 6173: 6169: 6159: 6157: 6142: 6138: 6132:Wayback Machine 6123: 6119: 6084: 6083: 6079: 6069: 6067: 6062:(in Japanese). 6050: 6046: 6033:. p. 16B. 6021: 6017: 6007: 6005: 5988: 5984: 5970: 5968: 5950: 5946: 5936: 5934: 5919: 5912: 5902: 5900: 5895:. No. 53. 5885: 5884: 5877: 5865: 5864: 5860: 5850: 5848: 5835: 5834: 5830: 5820: 5818: 5805: 5804: 5800: 5790: 5788: 5773: 5769: 5759: 5757: 5756:on July 2, 2010 5736: 5725: 5715: 5713: 5704:(in Japanese). 5696: 5695: 5691: 5681: 5679: 5664: 5660: 5650: 5648: 5635: 5634: 5630: 5620: 5618: 5613:(in Japanese). 5603: 5599: 5589: 5587: 5570: 5566: 5554: 5553: 5549: 5539: 5537: 5522: 5515: 5502: 5498: 5488: 5486: 5471: 5464: 5454: 5452: 5433: 5432: 5425: 5415: 5413: 5402: 5395: 5385: 5383: 5374: 5373: 5366: 5356: 5354: 5343: 5339: 5331: 5327: 5318: 5317: 5313: 5303: 5301: 5282: 5278: 5269: 5268: 5264: 5255: 5254: 5250: 5240: 5239: 5235: 5226: 5225: 5221: 5213: 5209: 5195: 5193: 5173: 5172: 5168: 5158: 5156: 5141: 5137: 5128: 5127: 5123: 5113: 5111: 5098: 5097: 5093: 5083: 5081: 5066: 5062: 5052: 5050: 5033: 5029: 5019: 5017: 5000: 4996: 4991: 4987: 4977: 4975: 4958: 4941: 4924: 4923: 4919: 4896: 4895: 4891: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4858: 4854: 4844: 4842: 4827: 4818: 4808: 4806: 4796: 4789: 4782: 4774:. p. 375. 4764: 4760: 4750: 4748: 4733: 4729: 4723:Wayback Machine 4714: 4710: 4700: 4698: 4681: 4677: 4667: 4665: 4654: 4650: 4640: 4638: 4631: 4623:. p. 155. 4611: 4607: 4599: 4586: 4582: 4581: 4577: 4567: 4565: 4548: 4544: 4534: 4532: 4525: 4503: 4492: 4486: 4450: 4446: 4436: 4434: 4423: 4422: 4418: 4412: 4405: 4403: 4386: 4382: 4372: 4370: 4355: 4351: 4344: 4328:Kent, Steven L. 4325: 4294: 4288:Wayback Machine 4279: 4275: 4265: 4263: 4246:(in Japanese). 4236: 4232: 4222: 4220: 4203: 4199: 4180: 4171: 4169: 4160:(in Japanese). 4152: 4151: 4144: 4134: 4132: 4117: 4113: 4103: 4101: 4084:(in Japanese). 4074: 4061: 4053: 4049: 4041: 4037: 4029: 4025: 4008: 4007: 4003: 3986: 3985: 3981: 3971: 3969: 3958: 3957: 3950: 3940: 3938: 3926: 3922: 3912: 3910: 3901: 3900: 3896: 3888: 3884: 3874: 3872: 3863: 3862: 3858: 3850: 3846: 3838: 3834: 3826: 3822: 3814: 3807: 3800: 3778: 3774: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3741: 3712: 3702: 3700: 3691:Goss, Patrick. 3689: 3685: 3675: 3673: 3658: 3654: 3644: 3642: 3638: 3631: 3627: 3626: 3619: 3609: 3607: 3594: 3593: 3584: 3573: 3566: 3556: 3554: 3545: 3544: 3540: 3523: 3519: 3509: 3507: 3490: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3471: 3470: 3449: 3445: 3439:Famirī Konpyūta 3424: 3420: 3415: 3410: 3409: 3404: 3400: 3394: 3390: 3373: 3369: 3346: 3342: 3310: 3306: 3289: 3285: 3271: 3264: 3258: 3254: 3245: 3241: 3228: 3224: 3218: 3214: 3208: 3204: 3199: 3177: 3168:Virtual Console 3143: 3137: 3126:Nintendo Switch 3110:Virtual Console 3095:The NES can be 3093: 3087: 3019:Tokyo Game Show 2919: 2839: 2817: 2763: 2747:Electronic Arts 2728: 2679:Electronic Arts 2641:To this end, a 2618: 2553: 2547: 2542: 2528: 2511: 2510: 2509: 2508: 2507: 2504: 2495: 2494: 2493: 2490: 2479: 2469: 2453:software piracy 2358: 2357: 2356: 2355: 2343: 2342: 2341: 2333: 2332: 2321: 2313:Main articles: 2311: 2223: 2112:game controller 2108: 2107: 2106: 2105: 2104: 2099: 2090: 2089: 2088: 2083: 2075: 2074: 2069: 2061: 2060: 2057: 2048: 2047: 2046: 2043: 2035: 2034: 2031: 2023: 2022: 2019: 2008: 2003: 1997: 1980: 1949:composite video 1890: 1881: 1840: 1809: 1765: 1693: 1615: 1609: 1607:Hardware clones 1552: 1551: 1550: 1549: 1548: 1545: 1537: 1536: 1533: 1524: 1523: 1522: 1519: 1511: 1510: 1507: 1496: 1490: 1485: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1454: 1452:Discontinuation 1445: 1441: 1437: 1408: 1398: 1345: 1337: 1333: 1313: 1301: 1237: 1212:Lucasfilm Games 1033:At June 1985's 927: 921: 883:Donkey Kong Jr. 867: 860: 796: 746:Game cartridges 734: 722:Masayuki Uemura 707:Color TV-Game 6 643:Masayuki Yukawa 635: 630: 624: 515:Masayuki Uemura 492:Family Computer 431: 426: 415: 392: 356: 353:@ 1.66 MHz 347:@ 1.79 MHz 313: 306: 304: 297: 290: 288: 273: 259: 258: 254: 246: 233: 224: 203: 194: 185: 178: 176: 169: 118: 116: 111: 109: 107: 101: 96: 91: 85: 78: 66: 59: 46: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11623: 11613: 11612: 11607: 11602: 11597: 11592: 11587: 11582: 11577: 11572: 11567: 11562: 11557: 11552: 11547: 11542: 11537: 11532: 11527: 11512: 11511: 11499: 11487: 11475: 11452: 11451: 11446: 11443: 11442: 11439: 11438: 11436: 11435: 11430: 11424: 11422: 11418: 11417: 11415: 11414: 11409: 11403: 11401: 11397: 11396: 11394: 11393: 11388: 11383: 11378: 11373: 11368: 11362: 11360: 11356: 11355: 11353: 11352: 11347: 11337: 11332: 11322: 11320:FM Towns Marty 11317: 11312: 11307: 11305:Amstrad GX4000 11301: 11299: 11295: 11294: 11292: 11291: 11286: 11281: 11276: 11271: 11266: 11260: 11258: 11254: 11253: 11251: 11250: 11241: 11236: 11231: 11225: 11223: 11216: 11212: 11211: 11209: 11208: 11203: 11198: 11193: 11187: 11185: 11179: 11178: 11176: 11175: 11170: 11165: 11160: 11155: 11149: 11147: 11136: 11135: 11133: 11132: 11127: 11121: 11119: 11108: 11107: 11105: 11104: 11099: 11094: 11093: 11092: 11087: 11077: 11072: 11066: 11064: 11058: 11057: 11055: 11054: 11049: 11043: 11041: 11035: 11034: 11032: 11031: 11026: 11021: 11016: 11010: 11008: 11002: 11001: 10999: 10998: 10993: 10987: 10985: 10979: 10978: 10976: 10975: 10970: 10965: 10960: 10955: 10950: 10945: 10939: 10937: 10931: 10930: 10928: 10927: 10922: 10916: 10914: 10908: 10907: 10905: 10904: 10899: 10894: 10889: 10883: 10881: 10870: 10869: 10867: 10866: 10861: 10855: 10853: 10847: 10846: 10844: 10843: 10838: 10833: 10827: 10825: 10819: 10818: 10816: 10815: 10810: 10804: 10802: 10796: 10795: 10793: 10792: 10787: 10782: 10776: 10774: 10768: 10767: 10765: 10764: 10759: 10753: 10751: 10745: 10744: 10742: 10741: 10736: 10730: 10728: 10722: 10721: 10719: 10718: 10713: 10708: 10703: 10698: 10693: 10687: 10685: 10679: 10678: 10676: 10675: 10670: 10665: 10660: 10655: 10650: 10645: 10640: 10634: 10632: 10626: 10625: 10618: 10617: 10610: 10603: 10595: 10586: 10585: 10583: 10582: 10577: 10572: 10567: 10562: 10557: 10547: 10542: 10541: 10538: 10537: 10534: 10533: 10531: 10530: 10528:VTech Socrates 10525: 10520: 10515: 10510: 10505: 10504: 10503: 10493: 10488: 10483: 10478: 10473: 10471:Amstrad GX4000 10468: 10462: 10460: 10453: 10447: 10446: 10444: 10443: 10438: 10433: 10428: 10423: 10418: 10413: 10408: 10403: 10397: 10395: 10389: 10388: 10386: 10385: 10384: 10383: 10373: 10371:Hybrid console 10368: 10367: 10366: 10356: 10355: 10354: 10344: 10343: 10342: 10332: 10331: 10330: 10319: 10317: 10313: 10312: 10300: 10299: 10292: 10285: 10277: 10268: 10267: 10265: 10264: 10259: 10254: 10249: 10244: 10243: 10242: 10237: 10232: 10227: 10216: 10214: 10210: 10209: 10207: 10206: 10201: 10196: 10191: 10186: 10181: 10180: 10179: 10169: 10168: 10167: 10157: 10152: 10147: 10141: 10139: 10135: 10134: 10132: 10131: 10126: 10120: 10118: 10114: 10113: 10110: 10109: 10107: 10106: 10101: 10096: 10094:Nintendo Power 10090: 10088: 10084: 10083: 10081: 10080: 10075: 10070: 10064: 10062: 10058: 10057: 10055: 10054: 10052:Poké Ball Plus 10049: 10044: 10039: 10034: 10029: 10024: 10023: 10022: 10017: 10007: 10006: 10005: 9995: 9990: 9985: 9980: 9975: 9970: 9965: 9959: 9957: 9951: 9950: 9948: 9947: 9942: 9937: 9932: 9930:NES Four Score 9927: 9921: 9919: 9915: 9914: 9912: 9911: 9909:Wii MotionPlus 9906: 9901: 9896: 9891: 9886: 9881: 9876: 9871: 9869:Super Game Boy 9866: 9860: 9855: 9850: 9844: 9842: 9838: 9837: 9835: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9814: 9809: 9804: 9798: 9796: 9789: 9785: 9784: 9781: 9780: 9777: 9776: 9774: 9773: 9768: 9767: 9766: 9755: 9753: 9749: 9748: 9746: 9745: 9740: 9735: 9729: 9727: 9720: 9716: 9715: 9713: 9712: 9707: 9701: 9699: 9695: 9694: 9692: 9691: 9686: 9685: 9684: 9679: 9669: 9668: 9667: 9662: 9652: 9647: 9646: 9645: 9640: 9630: 9628:Game Boy Color 9625: 9619: 9617: 9613: 9612: 9610: 9609: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9593: 9592: 9582: 9577: 9576: 9575: 9564: 9562: 9555: 9549: 9548: 9541: 9540: 9533: 9526: 9518: 9509: 9508: 9494: 9491: 9490: 9488: 9487: 9480: 9475: 9472:Nintendo Quest 9468: 9463: 9458: 9450: 9448: 9444: 9443: 9441: 9440: 9435: 9430: 9429: 9428: 9418: 9413: 9408: 9403: 9402: 9401: 9390: 9388: 9381: 9380: 9378: 9377: 9372: 9371: 9370: 9365: 9354: 9352: 9348: 9347: 9345: 9344: 9339: 9334: 9333:microprocessor 9327: 9325: 9321: 9320: 9317: 9316: 9314: 9313: 9308: 9303: 9298: 9296:Teleplay Modem 9293: 9288: 9283: 9278: 9276:Homework First 9273: 9268: 9262: 9260: 9256: 9255: 9253: 9252: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9230:NES Four Score 9227: 9222: 9217: 9212: 9207: 9202: 9196: 9194: 9187: 9181: 9180: 9178: 9177: 9171: 9168: 9167: 9160: 9159: 9152: 9145: 9137: 9131: 9130: 9124: 9112: 9086: 9068: 9052: 9032: 9031:External links 9029: 9027: 9026: 9004: 8984: 8982: 8979: 8976: 8975: 8969: 8954: 8940: 8939: 8937: 8934: 8931: 8930: 8897: 8866: 8839: 8812: 8779: 8759: 8727: 8694: 8661: 8635: 8604: 8573: 8566: 8543: 8517: 8492: 8466: 8434: 8401: 8369: 8349: 8329: 8297: 8267: 8234: 8210: 8179: 8159: 8128: 8098: 8059: 8029: 8002: 7987: 7968: 7949: 7930: 7896: 7881: 7851: 7834: 7803: 7777: 7746: 7729:NintendoPlayer 7715: 7703: 7691: 7679: 7635: 7597: 7563: 7526: 7511: 7448: 7417: 7387: 7356: 7325: 7310:. p. G5. 7289: 7258: 7241: 7227: 7196: 7162: 7157:Nintendo Power 7153:"Take Control" 7144: 7113: 7080: 7049: 7016: 6969: 6936: 6917: 6909:O'Reilly Media 6891: 6847: 6816: 6801: 6787: 6756: 6741: 6710: 6679: 6645: 6633: 6614: 6575: 6558: 6546: 6515: 6492: 6486:. p. 12. 6466: 6432: 6420: 6380: 6347: 6317: 6290: 6263: 6232: 6198: 6167: 6136: 6125:Pegasus IQ-502 6117: 6077: 6044: 6039:Newspapers.com 6015: 5982: 5944: 5910: 5892:Nintendo Power 5875: 5858: 5828: 5798: 5767: 5723: 5702:Softbank Games 5689: 5658: 5628: 5597: 5564: 5558:Nintendo Power 5547: 5513: 5496: 5479:Gadgets360.com 5462: 5423: 5393: 5364: 5337: 5325: 5311: 5276: 5262: 5248: 5233: 5219: 5217:, p. 413. 5207: 5184:(in Spanish). 5166: 5151:(in Spanish). 5135: 5121: 5091: 5076:(in Swedish). 5060: 5027: 4994: 4985: 4939: 4917: 4889: 4875: 4852: 4816: 4787: 4780: 4758: 4727: 4708: 4675: 4648: 4629: 4605: 4575: 4542: 4523: 4490: 4460:(1): 117–137. 4444: 4416: 4395:Bloomberg News 4380: 4363:The New Yorker 4349: 4342: 4292: 4273: 4230: 4197: 4195: 4194: 4142: 4111: 4059: 4047: 4035: 4023: 4001: 3979: 3968:. 10 July 2013 3948: 3920: 3894: 3882: 3856: 3844: 3832: 3820: 3805: 3798: 3772: 3758: 3710: 3683: 3652: 3617: 3600:Classic Gaming 3582: 3579:. p. A-4. 3564: 3538: 3517: 3483: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3469: 3468: 3443: 3417: 3416: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3407: 3398: 3388: 3367: 3340: 3304: 3283: 3278:microwave oven 3262: 3252: 3239: 3222: 3212: 3201: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3194: 3193: 3188: 3183: 3176: 3173: 3139:Main article: 3136: 3133: 3124:, and via its 3086: 3083: 3011:| franchises. 2918: 2915: 2838: 2835: 2825:video cassette 2816: 2813: 2762: 2759: 2617: 2614: 2573:slotted screws 2549:Main article: 2546: 2543: 2527: 2524: 2505: 2498: 2497: 2496: 2491: 2484: 2483: 2482: 2481: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2461:memory mapping 2440:bank switching 2436:discrete logic 2366:ROM cartridges 2345: 2344: 2335: 2334: 2326: 2325: 2324: 2323: 2322: 2310: 2307: 2222: 2219: 2199:toggle buttons 2100: 2093: 2092: 2091: 2084: 2077: 2076: 2070: 2063: 2062: 2058: 2051: 2050: 2049: 2044: 2037: 2036: 2032: 2025: 2024: 2020: 2013: 2012: 2011: 2010: 2009: 2007: 2004: 1996: 1993: 1966:channels, one 1953:RCA connectors 1869:MOS Technology 1857:home computers 1853:microprocessor 1808: 1805: 1764: 1761: 1692: 1689: 1611:Main article: 1608: 1605: 1589:Famicom Titler 1577:My Computer TV 1547:Famicom Titler 1546: 1539: 1538: 1534: 1527: 1526: 1525: 1520: 1513: 1512: 1508: 1501: 1500: 1499: 1498: 1497: 1492:Main article: 1489: 1488:Configurations 1486: 1484: 1481: 1468:respectively. 1453: 1450: 1300: 1297: 1293:Hyundai Comboy 1236: 1233: 1217:Maniac Mansion 920: 917: 898:product recall 896:. Following a 859: 856: 795: 792: 733: 730: 664:Space Invaders 634: 631: 626:Main article: 623: 620: 608:microcomputers 573:business model 567:following the 467: 466: 457: 453: 452: 447: 443: 442: 437: 433: 432: 430: 429: 418: 403: 401: 395: 394: 389: 385: 384: 381: 377: 376: 373: 369: 368: 362: 358: 357: 355: 354: 348: 341: 339: 333: 332: 327: 323: 322: 319: 315: 314: 312: 311: 295: 270: 268: 264: 263: 252: 248: 247: 245: 244: 231: 222: 201: 192: 183: 166: 164: 160: 159: 154: 150: 149: 144: 140: 139: 134: 130: 129: 124: 120: 119: 104: 98: 97: 86: 71: 68: 67: 60: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11622: 11611: 11608: 11606: 11603: 11601: 11598: 11596: 11593: 11591: 11588: 11586: 11583: 11581: 11578: 11576: 11573: 11571: 11568: 11566: 11563: 11561: 11558: 11556: 11553: 11551: 11548: 11546: 11543: 11541: 11538: 11536: 11533: 11531: 11528: 11526: 11523: 11522: 11520: 11510: 11505: 11500: 11498: 11493: 11488: 11486: 11481: 11476: 11474: 11464: 11463: 11460: 11449: 11444: 11434: 11431: 11429: 11426: 11425: 11423: 11419: 11413: 11412:Steam Machine 11410: 11408: 11405: 11404: 11402: 11398: 11392: 11389: 11387: 11384: 11382: 11379: 11377: 11374: 11372: 11369: 11367: 11364: 11363: 11361: 11357: 11351: 11348: 11345: 11341: 11338: 11336: 11333: 11330: 11326: 11323: 11321: 11318: 11316: 11313: 11311: 11308: 11306: 11303: 11302: 11300: 11296: 11290: 11287: 11285: 11282: 11280: 11277: 11275: 11272: 11270: 11267: 11265: 11262: 11261: 11259: 11255: 11249: 11245: 11242: 11240: 11237: 11235: 11232: 11230: 11227: 11226: 11224: 11220: 11217: 11213: 11207: 11204: 11202: 11199: 11197: 11194: 11192: 11189: 11188: 11186: 11184: 11180: 11174: 11173:PlayStation 5 11171: 11169: 11168:PlayStation 4 11166: 11164: 11163:PlayStation 3 11161: 11159: 11158:PlayStation 2 11156: 11154: 11151: 11150: 11148: 11145: 11141: 11137: 11131: 11128: 11126: 11123: 11122: 11120: 11117: 11113: 11109: 11103: 11100: 11098: 11095: 11091: 11088: 11086: 11083: 11082: 11081: 11078: 11076: 11075:Master System 11073: 11071: 11068: 11067: 11065: 11063: 11059: 11053: 11050: 11048: 11047:RCA Studio II 11045: 11044: 11042: 11040: 11036: 11030: 11027: 11025: 11022: 11020: 11017: 11015: 11012: 11011: 11009: 11007: 11003: 10997: 10994: 10992: 10989: 10988: 10986: 10984: 10980: 10974: 10971: 10969: 10966: 10964: 10961: 10959: 10956: 10954: 10951: 10949: 10946: 10944: 10941: 10940: 10938: 10936: 10932: 10926: 10923: 10921: 10918: 10917: 10915: 10913: 10909: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10884: 10882: 10879: 10875: 10871: 10865: 10862: 10860: 10859:Intellivision 10857: 10856: 10854: 10852: 10848: 10842: 10839: 10837: 10834: 10832: 10829: 10828: 10826: 10824: 10820: 10814: 10811: 10809: 10806: 10805: 10803: 10801: 10797: 10791: 10788: 10786: 10783: 10781: 10778: 10777: 10775: 10773: 10769: 10763: 10760: 10758: 10755: 10754: 10752: 10750: 10746: 10740: 10737: 10735: 10732: 10731: 10729: 10727: 10723: 10717: 10714: 10712: 10709: 10707: 10704: 10702: 10699: 10697: 10694: 10692: 10689: 10688: 10686: 10684: 10680: 10674: 10671: 10669: 10666: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10651: 10649: 10646: 10644: 10641: 10639: 10636: 10635: 10633: 10631: 10627: 10623: 10616: 10611: 10609: 10604: 10602: 10597: 10596: 10593: 10581: 10578: 10576: 10573: 10571: 10568: 10566: 10563: 10561: 10558: 10556: 10553: 10552: 10550: 10545: 10539: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10513:Master System 10511: 10509: 10506: 10502: 10499: 10498: 10497: 10494: 10492: 10489: 10487: 10486:Casio PV-1000 10484: 10482: 10479: 10477: 10474: 10472: 10469: 10467: 10464: 10463: 10461: 10457: 10454: 10448: 10442: 10439: 10437: 10434: 10432: 10429: 10427: 10424: 10422: 10419: 10417: 10414: 10412: 10409: 10407: 10404: 10402: 10399: 10398: 10396: 10394: 10390: 10382: 10379: 10378: 10377: 10376:Retro console 10374: 10372: 10369: 10365: 10362: 10361: 10360: 10357: 10353: 10350: 10349: 10348: 10345: 10341: 10338: 10337: 10336: 10333: 10329: 10326: 10325: 10324: 10321: 10320: 10318: 10314: 10309: 10305: 10298: 10293: 10291: 10286: 10284: 10279: 10278: 10275: 10263: 10260: 10258: 10255: 10253: 10250: 10248: 10245: 10241: 10238: 10236: 10233: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10222: 10221: 10218: 10217: 10215: 10211: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10178: 10175: 10174: 10173: 10170: 10166: 10163: 10162: 10161: 10158: 10156: 10153: 10151: 10148: 10146: 10143: 10142: 10140: 10136: 10130: 10129:PlayChoice-10 10127: 10125: 10122: 10121: 10119: 10115: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10092: 10091: 10089: 10085: 10079: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10069: 10066: 10065: 10063: 10059: 10053: 10050: 10048: 10045: 10043: 10040: 10038: 10035: 10033: 10032:Wii U GamePad 10030: 10028: 10025: 10021: 10018: 10016: 10013: 10012: 10011: 10008: 10004: 10001: 10000: 9999: 9996: 9994: 9991: 9989: 9986: 9984: 9981: 9979: 9978:NES Advantage 9976: 9974: 9971: 9969: 9966: 9964: 9961: 9960: 9958: 9956: 9952: 9946: 9943: 9941: 9938: 9936: 9933: 9931: 9928: 9926: 9925:NES Satellite 9923: 9922: 9920: 9916: 9910: 9907: 9905: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9895: 9892: 9890: 9887: 9885: 9882: 9880: 9877: 9875: 9872: 9870: 9867: 9864: 9861: 9859: 9856: 9854: 9851: 9849: 9846: 9845: 9843: 9839: 9833: 9830: 9828: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9818: 9815: 9813: 9810: 9808: 9805: 9803: 9800: 9799: 9797: 9793: 9790: 9786: 9772: 9769: 9765: 9764:Mini Classics 9762: 9761: 9760: 9757: 9756: 9754: 9750: 9744: 9741: 9739: 9736: 9734: 9733:Color TV-Game 9731: 9730: 9728: 9724: 9721: 9717: 9711: 9708: 9706: 9703: 9702: 9700: 9696: 9690: 9687: 9683: 9680: 9678: 9675: 9674: 9673: 9670: 9666: 9663: 9661: 9658: 9657: 9656: 9653: 9651: 9648: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9635: 9634: 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9620: 9618: 9614: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9591: 9588: 9587: 9586: 9583: 9581: 9578: 9574: 9571: 9570: 9569: 9566: 9565: 9563: 9559: 9556: 9554: 9550: 9546: 9539: 9534: 9532: 9527: 9525: 9520: 9519: 9516: 9506: 9505: 9500: 9499: 9498:Color TV-Game 9492: 9486: 9485: 9481: 9479: 9476: 9474: 9473: 9469: 9467: 9466:Nintendo hard 9464: 9462: 9459: 9457: 9456: 9452: 9451: 9449: 9445: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9431: 9427: 9424: 9423: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9412: 9409: 9407: 9404: 9400: 9397: 9396: 9395: 9392: 9391: 9389: 9387: 9382: 9376: 9373: 9369: 9366: 9364: 9361: 9360: 9359: 9356: 9355: 9353: 9349: 9343: 9340: 9338: 9335: 9332: 9329: 9328: 9326: 9322: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9286:Miracle Piano 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9263: 9261: 9257: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9235:NES Satellite 9233: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9225:NES Advantage 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9210:Famicom Modem 9208: 9206: 9203: 9201: 9198: 9197: 9195: 9191: 9188: 9186: 9182: 9176: 9173: 9172: 9169: 9165: 9158: 9153: 9151: 9146: 9144: 9139: 9138: 9135: 9128: 9125: 9123: 9119: 9116: 9113: 9111: 9107: 9102: 9098: 9097: 9092: 9087: 9080: 9073: 9069: 9065: 9061: 9057: 9053: 9041: 9040: 9035: 9034: 9023: 9011: 9007: 9001: 8997: 8993: 8992: 8986: 8985: 8972: 8966: 8962: 8961: 8955: 8951: 8947: 8942: 8941: 8918: 8914: 8913: 8908: 8901: 8885: 8881: 8877: 8870: 8854: 8850: 8843: 8827: 8823: 8816: 8800: 8796: 8795: 8790: 8783: 8776: 8772: 8769: 8763: 8747: 8743: 8742: 8737: 8731: 8720:September 21, 8715: 8711: 8710: 8705: 8698: 8687:September 21, 8682: 8678: 8677: 8676:Nintendo Life 8672: 8665: 8649: 8646:. June 2016. 8645: 8639: 8623: 8619: 8615: 8608: 8592: 8588: 8584: 8577: 8569: 8567:0-7440-0424-1 8563: 8559: 8552: 8550: 8548: 8531: 8527: 8521: 8510: 8503: 8496: 8480: 8476: 8470: 8454: 8450: 8449: 8444: 8438: 8422: 8418: 8417: 8412: 8405: 8389: 8385: 8384: 8383:Screen Digest 8379: 8373: 8365: 8364: 8359: 8353: 8345: 8344: 8339: 8333: 8317: 8313: 8309: 8301: 8285: 8281: 8277: 8271: 8255: 8251: 8250: 8245: 8238: 8231: 8227: 8223: 8222: 8214: 8198: 8194: 8190: 8183: 8175: 8174: 8166: 8164: 8147: 8143: 8139: 8132: 8116: 8112: 8108: 8102: 8086: 8082: 8078: 8074: 8070: 8063: 8047: 8043: 8036: 8034: 8017: 8013: 8006: 7998: 7991: 7984: 7980: 7977: 7972: 7965: 7961: 7958: 7953: 7946: 7942: 7939: 7934: 7918: 7914: 7910: 7903: 7901: 7893:. p. 54. 7892: 7885: 7869: 7865: 7858: 7856: 7848: 7843: 7841: 7839: 7822: 7818: 7817:Game Informer 7814: 7807: 7791: 7787: 7781: 7765: 7761: 7757: 7750: 7734: 7730: 7726: 7719: 7713:, p. 194 7712: 7707: 7701:, p. 347 7700: 7695: 7688: 7683: 7667: 7663: 7659: 7652: 7650: 7648: 7646: 7644: 7642: 7640: 7623: 7619: 7615: 7608: 7606: 7604: 7602: 7585: 7581: 7577: 7570: 7568: 7551: 7547: 7543: 7542:"ディスクシステムとは?" 7537: 7535: 7533: 7531: 7523: 7518: 7516: 7507: 7506:Nintendo Life 7495: 7491: 7487: 7483: 7479: 7478: 7473: 7467: 7465: 7463: 7461: 7459: 7457: 7455: 7453: 7436: 7432: 7428: 7421: 7405: 7401: 7397: 7391: 7375: 7371: 7367: 7360: 7344: 7340: 7336: 7329: 7313: 7309: 7308: 7303: 7296: 7294: 7277: 7273: 7269: 7262: 7254: 7248: 7246: 7237: 7231: 7215: 7211: 7210:Nintendo Life 7207: 7200: 7184: 7180: 7176: 7169: 7167: 7158: 7154: 7148: 7132: 7128: 7124: 7117: 7101: 7097: 7096: 7091: 7084: 7068: 7064: 7060: 7053: 7037: 7033: 7032: 7027: 7020: 7012: 7005: 7001: 6997: 6993: 6989: 6988: 6980: 6973: 6957: 6953: 6952: 6947: 6940: 6924: 6920: 6914: 6910: 6906: 6902: 6895: 6879: 6875: 6871: 6867: 6866: 6861: 6857: 6851: 6835: 6831: 6827: 6820: 6814:, p. 356 6813: 6808: 6806: 6797: 6791: 6775: 6771: 6767: 6760: 6753: 6748: 6746: 6729: 6725: 6724:Nintendo Life 6721: 6714: 6698: 6694: 6690: 6683: 6667: 6663: 6659: 6652: 6650: 6642: 6637: 6624: 6618: 6602: 6598: 6594: 6590: 6586: 6579: 6572: 6567: 6565: 6563: 6555: 6550: 6534: 6530: 6526: 6519: 6511: 6499: 6495: 6489: 6485: 6482:. Yorkshire: 6481: 6477: 6470: 6454: 6451:(in French). 6450: 6446: 6439: 6437: 6429: 6424: 6416: 6412: 6408: 6404: 6401:(1): 83–100. 6400: 6396: 6395: 6387: 6385: 6368: 6364: 6363: 6358: 6351: 6335: 6331: 6327: 6321: 6305: 6301: 6294: 6278: 6274: 6267: 6251: 6247: 6243: 6236: 6220: 6216: 6212: 6205: 6203: 6186: 6182: 6178: 6171: 6155: 6151: 6147: 6140: 6133: 6129: 6126: 6121: 6113: 6109: 6105: 6101: 6097: 6093: 6092: 6087: 6081: 6070:September 20, 6065: 6061: 6060: 6055: 6048: 6040: 6036: 6032: 6031: 6026: 6019: 6008:September 20, 6003: 5999: 5998: 5993: 5986: 5978: 5971:September 20, 5966: 5962: 5958: 5954: 5948: 5932: 5928: 5927:Nintendo Life 5924: 5917: 5915: 5898: 5894: 5893: 5888: 5887:"The New NES" 5882: 5880: 5871: 5870: 5862: 5851:September 20, 5846: 5842: 5838: 5832: 5821:September 20, 5816: 5812: 5808: 5802: 5786: 5782: 5778: 5771: 5755: 5751: 5747: 5746: 5741: 5734: 5732: 5730: 5728: 5716:September 14, 5711: 5707: 5703: 5699: 5693: 5682:September 14, 5677: 5673: 5669: 5662: 5651:September 14, 5646: 5642: 5638: 5632: 5621:September 14, 5616: 5612: 5608: 5601: 5585: 5581: 5580: 5575: 5568: 5560: 5559: 5551: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5520: 5518: 5511: 5507: 5506: 5500: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5469: 5467: 5455:September 20, 5450: 5446: 5442: 5441: 5436: 5430: 5428: 5411: 5407: 5400: 5398: 5381: 5377: 5371: 5369: 5352: 5348: 5341: 5334: 5329: 5321: 5315: 5299: 5295: 5291: 5287: 5280: 5272: 5266: 5258: 5252: 5244: 5237: 5229: 5223: 5216: 5211: 5203: 5196:September 20, 5191: 5187: 5183: 5181: 5180:HobbyConsolas 5176: 5170: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5139: 5131: 5125: 5109: 5105: 5101: 5095: 5079: 5075: 5071: 5064: 5048: 5044: 5043: 5038: 5031: 5015: 5011: 5010: 5005: 4998: 4989: 4973: 4969: 4968: 4963: 4956: 4954: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4946: 4944: 4935: 4931: 4927: 4921: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4904: 4899: 4893: 4878: 4876:0-679-40469-4 4872: 4868: 4867: 4862: 4856: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4825: 4823: 4821: 4809:September 12, 4805: 4801: 4794: 4792: 4783: 4781:0-262-52420-1 4777: 4773: 4769: 4762: 4746: 4742: 4738: 4731: 4724: 4720: 4717: 4712: 4701:September 21, 4696: 4692: 4691: 4686: 4679: 4663: 4659: 4652: 4636: 4632: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4617: 4609: 4598: 4594: 4593: 4585: 4579: 4563: 4559: 4558: 4553: 4546: 4530: 4526: 4520: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4501: 4499: 4497: 4495: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4471: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4455: 4448: 4432: 4431: 4426: 4420: 4401: 4397: 4396: 4391: 4384: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4353: 4345: 4343:0-7615-3643-4 4339: 4335: 4334: 4329: 4323: 4321: 4319: 4317: 4315: 4313: 4311: 4309: 4307: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4299: 4297: 4289: 4285: 4282: 4277: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4234: 4218: 4214: 4213: 4212:Nintendo Life 4208: 4201: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4178: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4155: 4149: 4147: 4130: 4126: 4125:Nintendo Life 4122: 4115: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4072: 4070: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4057:, p. 32. 4056: 4051: 4044: 4039: 4032: 4027: 4019: 4015: 4011: 4005: 3997: 3993: 3989: 3983: 3967: 3966: 3961: 3955: 3953: 3937: 3936: 3931: 3924: 3908: 3904: 3898: 3892:, p. 28. 3891: 3886: 3870: 3866: 3860: 3853: 3848: 3842:, p. 17. 3841: 3836: 3830:, p. 27. 3829: 3824: 3818:, p. 16. 3817: 3812: 3810: 3801: 3799:0-13-102009-9 3795: 3791: 3786: 3785: 3776: 3761: 3759:0-679-40469-4 3755: 3751: 3750: 3745: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3733: 3731: 3729: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3717: 3715: 3703:September 24, 3698: 3694: 3687: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3656: 3645:September 12, 3637: 3630: 3624: 3622: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3578: 3571: 3569: 3557:September 25, 3552: 3548: 3542: 3534: 3530: 3529: 3521: 3505: 3501: 3500: 3495: 3488: 3484: 3465: 3460: 3452: 3447: 3440: 3435: 3427: 3422: 3418: 3402: 3392: 3385: 3381: 3371: 3364: 3359: 3349: 3344: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3320: 3315: 3314: 3308: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3287: 3279: 3275: 3269: 3267: 3256: 3249: 3243: 3236: 3232: 3226: 3216: 3206: 3202: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3186:Nintendo hard 3184: 3182: 3179: 3178: 3172: 3169: 3166:for use with 3165: 3161: 3157: 3156: 3151: 3150: 3142: 3132: 3130: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3103: 3098: 3092: 3082: 3080: 3079: 3073: 3071: 3067: 3066: 3061: 3060: 3055: 3051: 3047: 3046: 3041: 3037: 3036: 3030: 3028: 3024: 3021:in 2023, the 3020: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3009: 3004: 3000: 2999: 2998:Final Fantasy 2994: 2990: 2989: 2984: 2980: 2979: 2974: 2970: 2969: 2964: 2963: 2958: 2957: 2951: 2949: 2943: 2940: 2936: 2928: 2923: 2914: 2911: 2910:Master System 2906: 2903: 2902: 2901:The Lion King 2897: 2896: 2895:Wario's Woods 2891: 2889: 2883: 2882:NEC PC Engine 2879: 2878:Super Famicom 2875: 2872: 2867: 2865: 2855: 2851: 2848: 2847:Commodore 64s 2844: 2834: 2831: 2828:action until 2826: 2822: 2812: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2769: 2758: 2756: 2753:and then the 2752: 2748: 2743: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2727: 2722: 2720: 2716: 2712: 2708: 2703: 2698: 2696: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2651: 2649: 2644: 2639: 2636: 2632: 2622: 2613: 2611: 2606: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2595: 2590: 2589: 2584: 2583: 2576: 2574: 2570: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2502: 2488: 2474: 2468: 2462: 2456: 2454: 2449: 2443: 2441: 2437: 2433: 2429: 2428: 2423: 2418: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2391: 2385: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2353: 2349: 2339: 2330: 2320: 2316: 2306: 2304: 2300: 2299:Famicom Modem 2295: 2293: 2292:Famicom BASIC 2289: 2285: 2284: 2279: 2277: 2276: 2271: 2270: 2265: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2248: 2246: 2238: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2218: 2216: 2210: 2208: 2203: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2179:NES Advantage 2175: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2157: 2153: 2149: 2144: 2140: 2137: 2132: 2130: 2126: 2123:for Nintendo 2122: 2118: 2113: 2103: 2097: 2087: 2081: 2073: 2072:NES Advantage 2067: 2055: 2041: 2029: 2017: 2002: 1992: 1990: 1986: 1979: 1973: 1970:channel, one 1969: 1968:triangle wave 1965: 1961: 1956: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1939:is 256 × 240 1938: 1933: 1931: 1930:color palette 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1894: 1889: 1880: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1839: 1833: 1829: 1825: 1818: 1813: 1804: 1800: 1798: 1793: 1789: 1786: 1782: 1777: 1769: 1760: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1717: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1697: 1688: 1684: 1682: 1681:NES-on-a-chip 1678: 1669: 1665: 1660: 1656: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1634: 1629: 1619: 1614: 1604: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1563: 1558: 1543: 1531: 1517: 1509:New-Style NES 1505: 1495: 1480: 1478: 1474: 1469: 1449: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1422:New-Style NES 1418: 1416: 1415: 1406: 1405: 1396: 1395: 1390: 1389: 1384: 1380: 1379:NES Satellite 1376: 1375: 1370: 1366: 1361: 1359: 1358: 1353: 1352: 1343: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1305: 1296: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1281: 1279: 1275: 1270: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1256: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1235:Other markets 1232: 1230: 1226: 1221: 1219: 1218: 1213: 1207: 1205: 1200: 1197: 1193: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1176: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1161: 1160:Wrecking Crew 1156: 1155: 1150: 1149: 1144: 1143: 1138: 1137: 1132: 1131: 1126: 1125: 1120: 1119: 1114: 1113: 1108: 1107: 1106:Hogan's Alley 1102: 1101: 1096: 1095: 1090: 1089: 1084: 1083: 1078: 1077: 1072: 1071: 1066: 1065: 1064:10-Yard Fight 1058: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1031: 1029: 1024: 1018: 1015: 1010: 1006: 998: 993: 989: 987: 986: 981: 977: 972: 968: 964: 955: 951: 949: 944: 940: 936: 932: 926: 916: 914: 910: 905: 903: 899: 895: 891: 890: 885: 884: 879: 878: 873: 865: 855: 852: 848: 845: 840: 835: 831: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 791: 787: 785: 780: 776: 772: 768: 767: 762: 758: 753: 751: 747: 743: 739: 729: 727: 723: 718: 716: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 684: 680: 678: 674: 673:Intellivision 670: 666: 665: 661:. Games like 660: 656: 652: 644: 639: 629: 619: 617: 613: 609: 604: 602: 601: 596: 595: 590: 589: 584: 583: 578: 575:of licensing 574: 570: 566: 561: 559: 555: 551: 547: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 520: 516: 511: 509: 508:Master System 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 482: 478: 474: 465: 461: 458: 454: 451: 448: 444: 441: 440:Color TV-Game 438: 434: 425: 424: 420:Stand-alone: 419: 414: 413: 408: 405: 404: 402: 400: 396: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 367: 363: 359: 352: 349: 346: 343: 342: 340: 338: 334: 331: 328: 324: 320: 316: 300: 296: 284: 280: 276: 272: 271: 269: 265: 253: 249: 240: 236: 232: 227: 223: 218: 214: 210: 206: 202: 197: 193: 188: 184: 172: 168: 167: 165: 161: 158: 155: 151: 148: 145: 141: 138: 135: 131: 128: 125: 121: 114: 105: 102:Also known as 99: 94: 89: 84: 82: 76: 69: 64: 57: 52: 44: 40: 33: 19: 11310:Apple Pippin 11269:Arcadia 2001 11191:CreatiVision 10942: 10762:ColecoVision 10711:Apple Pippin 10580:Manufacturer 10495: 10347:Microconsole 9968:Family BASIC 9918:Connectivity 9889:Transfer Pak 9865:(unreleased) 9672:Nintendo 3DS 9650:Pokémon Mini 9567: 9502: 9496: 9495:Preceded by 9482: 9470: 9453: 9433:Terminator 2 9406:Micro Genius 9363:best-selling 9215:Family BASIC 9163: 9094: 9079:the original 9064:the original 9046:November 19, 9044:. Retrieved 9038: 9022:Google Books 9020:– via 9016:September 2, 9014:. Retrieved 8990: 8981:Bibliography 8959: 8945: 8923:December 13, 8921:. Retrieved 8910: 8900: 8888:. Retrieved 8879: 8869: 8857:. Retrieved 8842: 8830:. Retrieved 8815: 8803:. Retrieved 8792: 8782: 8762: 8750:. Retrieved 8739: 8730: 8718:. Retrieved 8707: 8697: 8685:. Retrieved 8674: 8664: 8652:. Retrieved 8638: 8626:. Retrieved 8617: 8607: 8595:. Retrieved 8591:the original 8586: 8576: 8557: 8534:. Retrieved 8530:the original 8520: 8509:the original 8495: 8483:. Retrieved 8469: 8457:. Retrieved 8447: 8437: 8425:. Retrieved 8414: 8404: 8392:. Retrieved 8381: 8372: 8361: 8352: 8341: 8332: 8320:. Retrieved 8312:ITmedia News 8311: 8300: 8288:. Retrieved 8284:the original 8270: 8258:. Retrieved 8247: 8237: 8229: 8219: 8213: 8201:. Retrieved 8197:the original 8192: 8182: 8171: 8150:. Retrieved 8146:the original 8141: 8131: 8121:November 17, 8119:. Retrieved 8110: 8101: 8089:. Retrieved 8072: 8062: 8052:November 11, 8050:. Retrieved 8045: 8022:November 11, 8020:. Retrieved 8018:. p. 28 8015: 8005: 7996: 7990: 7971: 7952: 7933: 7921:. Retrieved 7912: 7890: 7884: 7874:November 10, 7872:. Retrieved 7867: 7825:. Retrieved 7821:the original 7816: 7806: 7794:. Retrieved 7790:the original 7780: 7768:. Retrieved 7759: 7749: 7739:September 5, 7737:. Retrieved 7733:the original 7728: 7718: 7706: 7694: 7682: 7672:September 6, 7670:. Retrieved 7661: 7628:September 5, 7626:. Retrieved 7617: 7590:September 6, 7588:. Retrieved 7579: 7556:September 6, 7554:. Retrieved 7545: 7504:– via 7498:. Retrieved 7475: 7441:September 4, 7439:. Retrieved 7430: 7420: 7408:. Retrieved 7399: 7390: 7378:. Retrieved 7369: 7359: 7349:February 25, 7347:. Retrieved 7339:The Escapist 7338: 7328: 7316:. Retrieved 7305: 7280:. Retrieved 7271: 7261: 7252: 7235: 7230: 7218:. Retrieved 7209: 7199: 7187:. Retrieved 7179:Ars Technica 7178: 7156: 7147: 7135:. Retrieved 7131:the original 7126: 7116: 7104:. Retrieved 7093: 7083: 7071:. Retrieved 7062: 7052: 7040:. Retrieved 7029: 7019: 6985: 6972: 6960:. Retrieved 6949: 6939: 6927:. Retrieved 6904: 6894: 6882:. Retrieved 6870:Satoru Iwata 6863: 6850: 6838:. Retrieved 6829: 6819: 6795: 6790: 6778:. Retrieved 6769: 6759: 6732:. Retrieved 6723: 6713: 6701:. Retrieved 6692: 6682: 6670:. Retrieved 6666:the original 6661: 6643:, p. 35 6636: 6617: 6605:. Retrieved 6588: 6578: 6556:, p. 49 6549: 6537:. Retrieved 6528: 6518: 6510:Google Books 6508:– via 6502:. Retrieved 6479: 6469: 6457:. Retrieved 6449:NintendojoFR 6448: 6430:, p. 94 6423: 6398: 6392: 6371:. Retrieved 6360: 6350: 6338:. Retrieved 6329: 6320: 6308:. Retrieved 6293: 6281:. Retrieved 6266: 6254:. Retrieved 6246:Ars Technica 6245: 6235: 6223:. Retrieved 6214: 6189:. Retrieved 6180: 6170: 6158:. Retrieved 6149: 6139: 6120: 6089: 6080: 6068:. Retrieved 6057: 6047: 6030:Miami Herald 6028: 6018: 6006:. Retrieved 5995: 5985: 5975:– via 5969:. Retrieved 5947: 5935:. Retrieved 5926: 5903:December 12, 5901:. Retrieved 5890: 5867: 5861: 5849:. Retrieved 5840: 5831: 5819:. Retrieved 5810: 5801: 5789:. Retrieved 5785:the original 5780: 5770: 5758:. Retrieved 5754:the original 5743: 5714:. Retrieved 5701: 5692: 5680:. Retrieved 5671: 5661: 5649:. Retrieved 5640: 5631: 5619:. Retrieved 5610: 5600: 5588:. Retrieved 5577: 5567: 5556: 5550: 5538:. Retrieved 5529: 5509: 5503: 5499: 5489:November 12, 5487:. Retrieved 5478: 5453:. Retrieved 5449:the original 5438: 5414:. Retrieved 5410:the original 5384:. Retrieved 5355:. Retrieved 5340: 5328: 5314: 5302:. Retrieved 5298:the original 5293: 5289: 5279: 5265: 5251: 5245:(80): 34–39. 5242: 5236: 5222: 5210: 5200:– via 5194:. Retrieved 5178: 5169: 5159:December 13, 5157:. Retrieved 5148: 5138: 5129: 5124: 5112:. Retrieved 5103: 5094: 5084:December 13, 5082:. Retrieved 5073: 5063: 5053:December 13, 5051:. Retrieved 5040: 5030: 5018:. Retrieved 5007: 4997: 4988: 4976:. Retrieved 4967:Ars Technica 4965: 4920: 4902: 4892: 4880:. Retrieved 4865: 4861:Sheff, David 4855: 4843:. Retrieved 4834: 4807:. Retrieved 4803: 4767: 4761: 4749:. Retrieved 4740: 4730: 4711: 4699:. Retrieved 4688: 4678: 4666:. Retrieved 4662:the original 4651: 4639:. Retrieved 4615: 4608: 4590: 4578: 4566:. Retrieved 4555: 4545: 4533:. Retrieved 4510: 4457: 4453: 4447: 4435:. Retrieved 4428: 4419: 4404:. Retrieved 4393: 4383: 4371:. Retrieved 4362: 4352: 4331: 4276: 4264:. Retrieved 4243: 4233: 4221:. Retrieved 4210: 4200: 4190:the original 4185: 4170:. Retrieved 4166:the original 4157: 4133:. Retrieved 4124: 4114: 4102:. Retrieved 4081: 4050: 4038: 4026: 4018:the original 4013: 4004: 3996:the original 3991: 3982: 3970:. Retrieved 3963: 3939:. Retrieved 3933: 3923: 3911:. Retrieved 3897: 3885: 3873:. Retrieved 3859: 3847: 3840:Sachiko 1994 3835: 3823: 3816:Sachiko 1994 3783: 3775: 3763:. Retrieved 3748: 3744:Sheff, David 3701:. Retrieved 3697:the original 3686: 3674:. Retrieved 3666:The Guardian 3665: 3655: 3643:. Retrieved 3610:December 20, 3608:. Retrieved 3604:the original 3599: 3576: 3555:. Retrieved 3541: 3527: 3520: 3508:. Retrieved 3497: 3487: 3446: 3421: 3401: 3391: 3370: 3343: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3317: 3311: 3307: 3295: 3286: 3255: 3242: 3225: 3215: 3205: 3153: 3147: 3144: 3118:Nintendo 3DS 3094: 3076: 3074: 3070:Metroidvania 3063: 3057: 3043: 3033: 3031: 3022: 3016: 3013: 3008:Dragon Quest 3006: 2996: 2986: 2976: 2966: 2960: 2954: 2952: 2944: 2932: 2907: 2899: 2893: 2886: 2874:Sega Genesis 2868: 2864:Soviet Union 2860: 2842: 2840: 2818: 2815:Game rentals 2801:Color Dreams 2799: 2773: 2764: 2751:Sega Genesis 2744: 2729: 2699: 2652: 2640: 2627: 2607: 2598: 2592: 2586: 2580: 2577: 2566: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2457: 2444: 2431: 2425: 2419: 2403:audio sample 2388: 2386: 2359: 2296: 2291: 2287: 2283:Family BASIC 2281: 2280: 2273: 2267: 2249: 2242: 2236:Family BASIC 2234: 2211: 2204: 2185:produced by 2176: 2145: 2141: 2133: 2121:Gunpei Yokoi 2109: 1983:channel for 1957: 1934: 1906:ColecoVision 1904:used in the 1895: 1821: 1801: 1794: 1790: 1778: 1774: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1718: 1702: 1691:Design flaws 1685: 1673: 1645:Micro Genius 1641:Soviet Union 1625: 1581:Twin Famicom 1570: 1566: 1553: 1535:Twin Famicom 1470: 1455: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1419: 1412: 1402: 1392: 1386: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1362: 1355: 1349: 1341: 1329: 1325: 1310: 1292: 1288: 1282: 1271: 1255:Eastern Bloc 1238: 1222: 1215: 1208: 1199:lockout chip 1188: 1180: 1177: 1169:Teddy Ruxpin 1158: 1152: 1146: 1140: 1134: 1128: 1122: 1116: 1110: 1104: 1098: 1092: 1086: 1080: 1076:Clu Clu Land 1074: 1068: 1062: 1059: 1032: 1019: 1002: 983: 960: 942: 928: 906: 887: 881: 875: 863: 861: 851:Gunpei Yokoi 849: 836: 832: 819: 815: 811: 800:ColecoVision 797: 788: 770: 764: 754: 735: 719: 681: 662: 648: 605: 599: 597:(1986), and 592: 586: 580: 562: 548:for several 523:arcade games 512: 495: 491: 486:produced by 476: 472: 470: 421: 410: 267:Discontinued 163:Release date 133:Manufacturer 92: 87: 72: 38: 11485:Electronics 11473:Video games 11433:Evercade VS 11350:Super A'Can 11335:LaserActive 11315:CPS Changer 11279:RDI Halcyon 11153:PlayStation 11144:PlayStation 10996:Panasonic Q 10953:Nintendo 64 10831:Leapster TV 10739:Casio Loopy 10508:RDI Halcyon 10393:Generations 10073:Satellaview 9993:Nintendo 64 9988:Super Scope 9955:Controllers 9788:Peripherals 9705:Virtual Boy 9689:Switch Lite 9655:Nintendo DS 9590:iQue Player 9585:Nintendo 64 9421:Analogue Nt 9306:Turbotronic 9291:Power Glove 9259:Third-party 9185:Accessories 9089:‹ The 8587:GameSpy.com 8485:October 24, 8322:January 20, 8290:November 9, 8193:GameSpy.com 8091:February 7, 8048:. p. 4 7870:. p. 8 7796:October 20, 7770:October 20, 7711:Altice 2015 7699:Altice 2015 7687:Altice 2015 7522:Altice 2015 7477:Retro Gamer 7031:Screen Rant 6992:McGraw-Hill 6812:Altice 2015 6752:Altice 2015 6641:Altice 2015 6571:Altice 2015 6554:Altice 2015 6428:Altice 2015 6330:MentalFloss 6112:PressReader 6091:Retro Gamer 5505:India Today 5290:Коммерсантъ 5202:PressReader 5149:eldiario.es 5114:October 26, 4978:October 17, 4437:February 5, 4240:"ファミコン開発物語" 4078:"ファミコン開発物語" 3676:November 2, 3360:: 3350:: 3300:Coleco Adam 3296:Donkey Kong 3152:series and 3065:Castlevania 2991:franchise, 2988:Castlevania 2981:franchise, 2809:Wisdom Tree 2775:Atari Games 2755:PlayStation 2719:Ultra Games 2671:Atari Games 2411:high scores 2370:floppy disk 2352:floppy disk 2348:Disk System 2162:), and the 2006:Controllers 1995:Accessories 1972:white noise 1916:, 256 1851:, an 8-bit 1817:motherboard 1757:Nintendo 64 1601:voice-overs 1320:called the 1154:Wild Gunman 1112:Ice Climber 1023:Gail Tilden 997:FAO Schwarz 965:, wireless 943:Donkey Kong 939:Coleco Adam 931:Atari, Inc. 913:Hudson Soft 902:motherboard 877:Donkey Kong 820:Donkey Kong 816:Donkey Kong 812:Donkey Kong 794:Development 784:NEC PC-8001 771:Donkey Kong 724:as head of 560:accessory. 552:games, and 436:Predecessor 18:Famicom/NES 11570:2000s toys 11565:1990s toys 11560:1980s toys 11519:Categories 11264:Action Max 11229:APF-MP1000 11130:Neo Geo CD 10836:ClickStart 10790:Amiga CD32 10668:VCS (2021) 10648:Atari 7800 10643:Atari 5200 10638:Atari 2600 10476:Atari 7800 10466:Action Max 10452:generation 10124:VS. System 10061:Networking 10020:Wii Zapper 10010:Wii Remote 9963:NES Zapper 9874:Rumble Pak 9832:Wii Remote 9331:Ricoh 2A03 9281:LaserScope 9271:Game Genie 9240:NES Zapper 9129:(Japanese) 8970:0966961706 8880:Kotaku.com 8536:October 2, 8260:January 4, 7220:August 25, 7189:August 25, 7106:August 29, 7073:August 29, 7042:August 29, 6962:August 28, 6929:August 26, 6884:August 26, 6865:Iwata Asks 6840:August 26, 6780:August 20, 6734:August 20, 6703:August 20, 6623:US 4949298 6539:August 29, 6504:August 30, 6459:August 20, 5937:August 20, 5590:August 23, 5440:Siliconera 5294:Kommersant 4845:October 8, 4406:August 25, 4244:日経エレクトロニクス 4082:日経エレクトロニクス 3875:11 January 3474:References 3319:Mach Rider 3164:Wii Remote 3135:Re-release 2702:Mediagenic 2695:Activision 2675:Activision 2635:Atari 2600 2631:Activision 2610:Game Genie 2599:Remastered 2530:See also: 2430:(known as 2382:Quick Disk 2245:peripheral 2148:NES Zapper 2136:microphone 2102:NES Zapper 1999:See also: 1964:pulse wave 1722:tarnishing 1677:PocketFami 1664:FPGA-based 1635:(Russian: 1322:NES Zapper 1314:US$ 179.99 1274:Playtronic 1088:Excitebike 948:Ray Kassar 808:Atari 2600 738:disk drive 669:Atari 2600 633:Background 543:NES Zapper 531:controller 527:cartridges 351:Ricoh 2A07 345:Ricoh 2A03 318:Units sold 291:1995-08-14 179:1983-07-15 153:Generation 11381:Hyperscan 11376:Game Wave 11102:Dreamcast 11019:Odyssey 2 10983:Panasonic 10874:Microsoft 10864:HyperScan 10772:Commodore 10716:Terebikko 10663:Flashback 10230:Super NES 10189:Hollywood 10099:Wii Speak 10037:Wii U Pro 9807:Super NES 9719:Dedicated 9580:Super NES 9484:NES Remix 9375:Cancelled 9245:Power Pad 8996:MIT Press 8890:August 8, 8081:0362-4331 7923:March 30, 7827:August 7, 7490:1742-3155 7431:Eurogamer 7011:Microsoft 7000:0360-5280 6607:August 1, 6597:0447-5763 6310:August 6, 6283:August 6, 6104:1742-3155 5611:All About 5009:Eurogamer 4866:Game Over 4772:MIT Press 4690:The Verge 4641:April 13, 4568:April 13, 4535:April 13, 4474:1461-4448 4373:April 11, 4223:April 13, 4172:April 13, 4014:The Verge 3935:Eurogamer 3749:Game Over 3479:Citations 3380:RGB video 3131:service. 3085:Emulation 3075:In 2011, 3054:save data 2837:Reception 2795:antitrust 2791:copyright 2771:working. 2561:Game Paks 2448:keep case 2427:Makaimura 2395:game save 2362:ROM chips 2269:Rad Racer 2239:keyboard. 2187:Asciiware 2168:dance pad 2164:Power Pad 2160:toy robot 2152:light gun 2129:joysticks 1914:video RAM 1613:Famiclone 1597:subtitles 1409:US$ 89.99 1369:Duck Hunt 1357:Duck Hunt 1330:Duck Hunt 1318:light gun 1278:Gradiente 1229:light gun 1192:Game Paks 1186:defined. 1173:Lazer Tag 1082:Duck Hunt 854:speaker. 779:scrolling 732:Inception 558:toy robot 546:light gun 450:Super NES 446:Successor 123:Developer 11428:Polymega 11366:DISCover 11325:Goldstar 11196:Socrates 11052:RCA Nuon 10958:GameCube 10935:Nintendo 10897:Xbox One 10892:Xbox 360 10823:LeapFrog 10565:Services 10555:Emulator 10252:Play-Yan 10235:Game Boy 10220:Game Pak 10204:Tegra X1 10199:Espresso 10184:Broadway 10165:Super FX 9998:GameCube 9899:e-Reader 9817:Game Boy 9752:Handheld 9698:Portable 9623:Game Boy 9616:Handheld 9597:GameCube 9553:Consoles 9438:Game Axe 9351:Software 9337:Game Pak 9324:Hardware 9193:Nintendo 9118:Archived 9091:template 9060:Nintendo 9010:Archived 8917:Archived 8884:Archived 8859:July 14, 8853:Archived 8832:July 14, 8826:Archived 8805:July 15, 8799:Archived 8771:Archived 8752:July 10, 8746:Archived 8744:. 2011. 8714:Archived 8681:Archived 8654:July 24, 8648:Archived 8622:Archived 8597:June 30, 8479:Archived 8459:April 4, 8453:Archived 8421:Archived 8388:Archived 8316:Archived 8254:Archived 8249:GameSpot 8203:June 30, 8152:July 16, 8115:Archived 8085:Archived 8046:Compute! 8016:Compute! 7979:Archived 7960:Archived 7941:Archived 7917:Archived 7868:Compute! 7764:Archived 7666:Archived 7622:Archived 7584:Archived 7550:Archived 7500:July 12, 7494:Archived 7435:Archived 7410:June 30, 7404:Archived 7380:July 19, 7374:Archived 7343:Archived 7318:July 24, 7312:Archived 7276:Archived 7214:Archived 7183:Archived 7137:July 23, 7100:Archived 7067:Archived 7036:Archived 7004:Archived 6956:Archived 6923:Archived 6878:Archived 6874:Nintendo 6834:Archived 6774:Archived 6728:Archived 6697:Archived 6601:Archived 6533:Archived 6498:Archived 6453:Archived 6415:53358125 6373:June 28, 6367:Archived 6340:July 12, 6334:Archived 6304:Archived 6277:Archived 6250:Archived 6219:Archived 6191:July 21, 6185:Archived 6160:July 19, 6154:Archived 6150:ABC News 6128:Archived 6108:Archived 6064:Archived 6035:Archived 6002:Archived 5965:Archived 5931:Archived 5845:Archived 5815:Archived 5781:PC World 5760:June 23, 5745:PC World 5710:Archived 5676:Archived 5672:GameSpot 5645:Archived 5615:Archived 5584:Archived 5579:GameSpot 5540:June 29, 5534:Archived 5483:Archived 5481:. NDTV. 5380:Archived 5351:Archived 5190:Archived 5153:Archived 5108:Archived 5078:Archived 5047:Archived 5014:Archived 4972:Archived 4934:Archived 4912:Archived 4863:(1993). 4839:Archived 4745:Archived 4719:Archived 4695:Archived 4668:June 19, 4635:Archived 4597:Archived 4592:Cash Box 4562:Archived 4557:Mashable 4529:Archived 4482:32331292 4400:Archived 4367:Archived 4330:(2001). 4284:Archived 4260:Archived 4217:Archived 4129:Archived 4098:Archived 3907:Archived 3869:Archived 3746:(1993). 3670:Archived 3636:Archived 3551:Archived 3533:Archived 3510:June 11, 3504:Archived 3451:Japanese 3426:Japanese 3338:by name. 3298:for its 3250:section. 3237:section. 3175:See also 3102:NESticle 3097:emulated 3042:, while 2978:Mega Man 2929:in 2012. 2927:Helsinki 2843:Compute! 2545:Game Pak 2207:dog bone 1755:and the 1483:Hardware 1446:A$ 79.99 1442:A$ 69.99 1383:multitap 1346:$ 109.99 1326:Gyromite 1242:Bergsala 1136:Stack-Up 1100:Gyromite 1070:Baseball 967:joystick 766:Galaxian 691:Magnavox 677:Nintendo 671:and the 657:and the 600:Mega Man 591:(1986), 585:(1985), 550:shooting 488:Nintendo 479:) is an 372:Graphics 137:Nintendo 11459:Portals 11284:Vectrex 11206:V.Flash 11201:V.Smile 11125:Neo Geo 11116:Neo Geo 11085:Sega CD 11070:SG-1000 11006:Philips 10734:PV-1000 10706:Playdia 10696:Arcadia 10570:History 10518:SG-1000 10501:NES-101 10194:PICA200 10042:Joy-Con 9841:Add-ons 9682:New 3DS 9447:Related 9416:Pegasus 9311:U-Force 9175:History 9093:below ( 8936:Sources 8628:July 1, 8427:July 1, 8394:May 23, 8221:GamePro 7618:USgamer 7580:Famitsu 7282:July 1, 7127:GameSpy 7095:Polygon 6672:May 21, 6662:GameSpy 6256:June 3, 6225:June 3, 6059:Famitsu 5977:Twitter 5791:June 7, 5416:July 8, 5386:July 8, 5357:July 8, 5304:June 4, 5020:June 5, 4930:GameSpy 4882:July 2, 4751:June 6, 4266:June 7, 4256:5530170 4135:June 7, 4104:June 6, 4094:5530170 3965:Polygon 3765:July 2, 3459:Hepburn 3434:Hepburn 3072:genre. 3059:Metroid 3023:Famicom 3017:At the 3001:,| and 2968:Metroid 2711:GameSpy 2569:Famicom 2378:Mitsumi 2195:cycloid 2191:NES Max 2086:NES Max 1928:-based 1898:TMS9918 1763:Lockout 1745:NES-101 1653:Pegasus 1593:S-Video 1438:$ 49.99 1399:$ 89.99 1338:$ 99.99 1334:$ 89.99 1182:Pac-Man 1124:Pinball 1118:Kung Fu 1051:Arizona 1005:arcades 868:¥14,800 622:History 594:Metroid 496:Famicom 456:Related 407:Pack-in 361:Display 305: ( 289: ( 260:US$ 179 255:¥14,800 177: ( 93:Bottom: 11215:Others 11097:Saturn 10973:Switch 10851:Mattel 10841:LeapTV 10749:Coleco 10683:Bandai 10658:Jaguar 10117:Arcade 10104:Amiibo 9973:R.O.B. 9710:Switch 9250:R.O.B. 9110:Curlie 9096:Curlie 9002: 8967: 8768:"iNES" 8564: 8079: 7723:Mike. 7488: 6998: 6915: 6830:Kotaku 6629: 6595: 6490: 6413: 6102: 5997:Kotaku 5074:idg.se 4873: 4778: 4627: 4521: 4480: 4472: 4340: 4254: 4092: 3992:Kotaku 3913:25 May 3796: 3756: 3396:costs. 3382:via a 3356:; 3353:현대 컴보이 3348:Korean 3292:Coleco 3233:; see 3129:Online 3120:, and 3106:MS-DOS 2993:Square 2983:Konami 2973:Capcom 2917:Legacy 2871:16-bit 2779:Tengen 2768:dongle 2715:Konami 2693:) and 2691:Tengen 2681:, and 2665:, and 2659:Capcom 2655:Konami 2538:, and 2422:Capcom 2354:drive. 2264:Square 2156:R.O.B. 1985:sample 1941:pixels 1922:sprite 1637:Де́нди 1628:clones 1622:games. 1562:pinout 1432:, and 1430:Tetris 1371:, and 1263:Russia 1250:Mattel 1246:Bandai 1225:R.O.B. 1157:, and 1148:Tennis 1130:Soccer 889:Popeye 886:, and 866:, for 804:Coleco 775:sprite 529:. The 41:, see 11509:1990s 11497:1980s 11421:2020s 11407:CT510 11400:2010s 11391:Zeebo 11386:Xavix 11359:2000s 11340:Sanyo 11298:1990s 11257:1980s 11222:1970s 11183:VTech 10968:Wii U 10925:PC-FX 10800:Epoch 10726:Casio 10701:RX-78 10673:2600+ 10630:Atari 10450:Third 10316:Types 10213:Media 10177:Gekko 10087:Other 9795:Lists 9643:Micro 9607:Wii U 9411:Dendy 9082:(PDF) 9075:(PDF) 8512:(PDF) 8505:(PDF) 7370:Wired 7007:(PDF) 6982:(PDF) 6411:S2CID 5961:Tweet 5292:[ 5243:Pixel 5182:Extra 4903:Icons 4898:"NES" 4600:(PDF) 4587:(PDF) 4478:S2CID 3972:1 May 3941:1 May 3639:(PDF) 3632:(PDF) 3499:WIRED 3384:SCART 3197:Notes 3122:Wii U 2803:made 2667:Namco 2663:Taito 2643:10NES 2526:Games 2288:BASIC 2254:, an 2231:BASIC 2181:, an 2172:DA-15 2117:D-pad 1918:bytes 1828:Ricoh 1781:10NES 1633:Dendy 1259:Dendy 1196:10NES 1055:Texas 971:BASIC 909:Namco 894:crash 872:ports 844:D-pad 824:Ricoh 761:Namco 742:modem 687:Atari 554:R.O.B 481:8-bit 380:Sound 326:Media 157:Third 113:Dendy 11448:List 11140:Sony 11062:Sega 11029:CD-i 10887:Xbox 10878:Xbox 10785:CDTV 10653:XEGS 10575:List 10560:Game 10459:Home 10381:list 10364:list 10352:list 10340:list 10328:list 10150:5A22 10145:2A03 9894:64DD 9726:Home 9660:Lite 9561:Home 9048:2021 9018:2021 9000:ISBN 8965:ISBN 8925:2018 8892:2018 8861:2016 8834:2016 8807:2016 8754:2022 8722:2023 8689:2023 8656:2016 8630:2010 8599:2010 8562:ISBN 8538:2012 8487:2007 8461:2018 8429:2010 8396:2021 8324:2008 8292:2007 8262:2009 8205:2010 8154:2007 8123:2013 8093:2015 8077:ISSN 8054:2013 8024:2013 7925:2005 7876:2013 7829:2013 7798:2008 7772:2008 7741:2013 7674:2022 7630:2022 7592:2022 7558:2022 7502:2018 7486:ISSN 7443:2022 7412:2010 7382:2010 7351:2020 7320:2016 7284:2010 7222:2022 7191:2022 7139:2010 7108:2022 7075:2022 7044:2022 6996:ISSN 6987:Byte 6964:2022 6951:CNET 6931:2022 6913:ISBN 6886:2022 6842:2022 6782:2022 6736:2022 6705:2022 6674:2006 6609:2018 6593:ISSN 6541:2022 6506:2022 6488:ISBN 6461:2022 6375:2010 6342:2018 6312:2014 6285:2014 6258:2007 6227:2007 6193:2010 6162:2010 6100:ISSN 6072:2022 6010:2022 5973:2022 5939:2021 5905:2018 5853:2022 5823:2022 5793:2021 5762:2010 5718:2022 5684:2022 5653:2022 5623:2022 5592:2013 5542:2010 5491:2022 5457:2021 5418:2018 5388:2018 5359:2018 5306:2024 5198:2021 5161:2021 5116:2017 5086:2021 5055:2021 5022:2021 4980:2015 4884:2019 4871:ISBN 4847:2011 4811:2024 4776:ISBN 4753:2021 4703:2018 4670:2016 4643:2021 4625:ISBN 4570:2021 4537:2021 4519:ISBN 4470:ISSN 4439:2012 4408:2020 4375:2024 4338:ISBN 4268:2019 4252:OCLC 4225:2021 4174:2021 4137:2021 4106:2019 4090:OCLC 3974:2021 3943:2021 3915:2020 3877:2023 3794:ISBN 3767:2019 3754:ISBN 3705:2011 3678:2018 3647:2022 3612:2019 3559:2022 3512:2015 3330:and 3316:and 3160:HDMI 3062:and 3003:Enix 2965:and 2683:Epyx 2603:show 2585:and 2466:SRAM 2346:The 2317:and 2297:The 2272:and 2250:The 2110:The 1977:DPCM 1951:via 1845:2A07 1832:2A03 1815:NES 1668:HDMI 1599:and 1466:$ 35 1464:and 1462:$ 25 1458:$ 25 1440:and 1391:and 1354:and 1328:and 1094:Golf 1053:and 911:and 777:and 689:and 649:The 556:, a 504:Sega 471:The 243:1993 230:1989 221:1987 143:Type 88:Top: 11112:SNK 11090:32X 11039:RCA 10963:Wii 10912:NEC 10240:N64 10225:NES 10155:CIC 9822:GCN 9812:N64 9802:NES 9677:2DS 9665:DSi 9602:Wii 9568:NES 9342:CIC 9108:at 8741:IGN 8280:AFP 8226:IDG 6529:IGN 6403:doi 5750:IDG 5042:IGN 4462:doi 3114:Wii 3078:IGN 3005:'s 2995:'s 2985:'s 2975:'s 2959:,| 2717:'s 2166:(a 2158:(a 2154:), 2150:(a 1926:YIQ 1912:of 1900:—a 1887:RAM 1837:MHz 1714:VCR 1557:pin 1312:at 1206:". 763:'s 679:. 525:on 506:'s 477:NES 337:CPU 235:BRA 213:ITA 209:IRE 11521:: 9827:DS 9638:SP 9058:. 9008:. 8998:. 8994:. 8915:. 8909:. 8882:. 8878:. 8851:. 8824:. 8797:. 8791:. 8738:. 8712:. 8706:. 8679:. 8673:. 8620:. 8616:. 8585:. 8546:^ 8445:. 8419:. 8413:. 8380:. 8360:. 8340:. 8310:. 8278:. 8252:. 8246:. 8191:. 8162:^ 8140:. 8109:. 8083:. 8075:. 8071:. 8044:. 8032:^ 8014:. 7915:. 7911:. 7899:^ 7866:. 7854:^ 7837:^ 7815:. 7762:. 7758:. 7727:. 7660:. 7638:^ 7620:. 7616:. 7600:^ 7578:. 7566:^ 7544:. 7529:^ 7514:^ 7492:. 7474:. 7451:^ 7433:. 7429:. 7398:. 7372:. 7368:. 7341:. 7337:. 7304:. 7292:^ 7274:. 7270:. 7244:^ 7212:. 7208:. 7181:. 7177:. 7165:^ 7155:. 7125:. 7098:. 7092:. 7065:. 7061:. 7034:. 7028:. 7002:. 6984:. 6954:. 6948:. 6921:. 6911:. 6903:. 6876:. 6872:. 6862:. 6832:. 6828:. 6804:^ 6772:. 6768:. 6744:^ 6726:. 6722:. 6695:. 6691:. 6660:. 6648:^ 6599:. 6591:. 6587:. 6561:^ 6531:. 6527:. 6496:. 6478:. 6447:. 6435:^ 6409:. 6397:. 6383:^ 6365:. 6359:. 6328:. 6302:. 6248:. 6244:. 6217:. 6213:. 6201:^ 6183:. 6179:. 6152:. 6148:. 6106:. 6088:. 6056:. 6027:. 6000:. 5994:. 5929:. 5925:. 5913:^ 5889:. 5878:^ 5839:. 5779:. 5748:. 5742:. 5726:^ 5700:. 5670:. 5639:. 5609:. 5582:. 5576:. 5532:. 5528:. 5516:^ 5477:. 5465:^ 5443:. 5437:. 5426:^ 5396:^ 5367:^ 5288:. 5147:. 5102:. 5072:. 5045:. 5039:. 5012:. 5006:. 4970:. 4964:. 4942:^ 4928:. 4910:. 4908:G4 4900:. 4837:. 4833:. 4819:^ 4802:. 4790:^ 4743:. 4739:. 4693:. 4687:. 4633:. 4619:. 4589:. 4560:. 4554:. 4527:. 4513:. 4509:. 4493:^ 4476:. 4468:. 4456:. 4427:. 4398:. 4392:. 4365:. 4361:. 4295:^ 4258:. 4250:. 4242:. 4215:. 4209:. 4184:. 4145:^ 4127:. 4123:. 4096:. 4088:. 4080:. 4062:^ 4012:. 3990:. 3962:. 3951:^ 3932:. 3808:^ 3792:. 3790:14 3713:^ 3668:. 3664:. 3620:^ 3598:. 3585:^ 3567:^ 3549:. 3502:. 3496:. 3461:: 3457:, 3453:: 3436:: 3432:, 3428:: 3376:AV 3358:RR 3265:^ 3116:, 2971:, 2950:. 2866:. 2677:, 2673:, 2661:, 2657:, 2534:, 2305:. 2278:. 2217:. 1991:. 1910:KB 1893:. 1878:KB 1759:. 1683:. 1603:. 1428:, 1367:, 1360:. 1151:, 1145:, 1139:, 1133:, 1127:, 1121:, 1115:, 1109:, 1103:, 1097:, 1091:, 1085:, 1079:, 1073:, 1067:, 880:, 802:, 618:. 510:. 462:, 409:: 366:px 299:JP 283:AU 279:EU 275:NA 239:ZA 226:KR 217:AU 205:UK 196:EU 187:NA 171:JP 11461:: 11346:) 11342:( 11331:) 11327:( 11246:/ 11146:) 11142:( 11118:) 11114:( 10880:) 10876:( 10614:e 10607:t 10600:v 10310:) 10306:( 10296:e 10289:t 10282:v 9537:e 9530:t 9523:v 9156:e 9149:t 9142:v 9050:. 9024:. 8973:. 8952:. 8927:. 8894:. 8863:. 8836:. 8809:. 8756:. 8724:. 8691:. 8658:. 8632:. 8601:. 8570:. 8540:. 8489:. 8463:. 8431:. 8398:. 8326:. 8294:. 8264:. 8207:. 8156:. 8125:. 8095:. 8056:. 8026:. 7927:. 7878:. 7831:. 7800:. 7774:. 7743:. 7676:. 7632:. 7594:. 7560:. 7508:. 7445:. 7414:. 7384:. 7353:. 7322:. 7286:. 7224:. 7193:. 7141:. 7110:. 7077:. 7046:. 7013:. 6966:. 6933:. 6888:. 6844:. 6784:. 6738:. 6707:. 6676:. 6611:. 6543:. 6512:. 6463:. 6417:. 6405:: 6399:6 6377:. 6344:. 6314:. 6287:. 6260:. 6229:. 6195:. 6164:. 6114:. 6074:. 6041:. 6012:. 5979:. 5959:( 5941:. 5907:. 5855:. 5825:. 5795:. 5764:. 5720:. 5686:. 5655:. 5625:. 5594:. 5544:. 5493:. 5459:. 5420:. 5390:. 5361:. 5308:. 5259:. 5204:. 5163:. 5118:. 5088:. 5057:. 5024:. 4982:. 4886:. 4849:. 4813:. 4784:. 4755:. 4705:. 4672:. 4645:. 4572:. 4539:. 4484:. 4464:: 4458:8 4441:. 4410:. 4377:. 4346:. 4227:. 4176:. 4139:. 3976:. 3945:. 3917:. 3879:. 3802:. 3769:. 3707:. 3680:. 3649:. 3614:. 3561:. 3514:. 1675:( 1670:. 1647:( 1444:( 645:. 494:( 475:( 309:) 301:: 293:) 285:: 281:/ 277:/ 241:: 237:/ 228:: 219:: 215:/ 211:/ 207:/ 198:: 189:: 181:) 173:: 45:. 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

Nintendo Entertainment System

Index