577:
555:
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543:
1882:
29:
108:
1902:
1892:
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allowed it to be wielded with great force, the point piercing helmets and the blade splitting shields – it was said to be capable of splitting a shield in two at a single blow. Alternatively, it might have been used as a hook, pulling away shields and cutting at vulnerable limbs, or striking the edge
319:
the Roman army adapted personal equipment while on campaign, and it seems likely that this was a response to this deadly weapon. Roman legionaries had transverse reinforcing iron straps applied to their helmets - it is clear that these are late modifications because they are roughly applied across
263:
are correct, then there would have been no need to modify Roman armour. Both columns show the
Dacians fighting with no armour apart from a shield, although some on the Adamclisi are wearing helmets. Some historians believe that armour was not depicted to differentiate Dacians from Romans, as both
244:. However, this column is also largely stylized, with the sculptor believed to have worked from Trajan's now lost commentary and unlikely to have witnessed the events himself. A further problem is that most of the weapons on the monument were made of metal, which have since disappeared.
206:
The blade was sharpened only on the inside and was reputed to be devastatingly effective. However, it left its user vulnerable because, being a two-handed weapon, the warrior could not also make use of a shield. It may be imagined that the length of the two-handed
264:
used the same style of shield. Other sources indicate that
Dacians by this time had undergone Romanisation, used Roman military tactics, and sometimes wore Roman style scale armour. It is likely that the nobles at least wore armour and, combined with the
440:
a purely offensive weapon to be used against a broken or routing force. Typically, an enemy would be broken by a sustained hail of missile fire from javelin, dart, bow, sling, and stone throwing troops before being chased down and cut to pieces by the
307:
was most efficient when targeting the head, shoulders, legs and especially the right (sword) arm, which was generally exposed. A legionary who had lost the use of his right arm became a serious liability to his unit in battle.
257:, whereas Trajan's shows only one type that does not resemble any on the Adamclisi monument. Because of this, historians disagree on which depiction is correct, but it has been pointed out that if the Trajan's column
434:. It is a derivative of both the sword and the spear, having evolved from a spear to a polearm before becoming more dramatically curved to facilitate a superior cutting action. This drastic curve rendered the
554:
214:
of a strong shield. The inward curving point was still able to pierce the armour or flesh of the target behind the shield, rendering even the most reinforced shields much less effective against a
232:. The column itself has a helical frieze that tells the story of the Dacian wars. On the frieze, almost all the Dacians that are armed have shields and therefore cannot be using two-handed
197:. It consisted of a 3-foot-long (0.91 m) wooden shaft with a long curved iron blade of nearly-equal length attached to the end. Archaeological evidence indicates that the one-handed
598:
226:
is a monument to the emperor’s conquest of Dacia. The massive base is covered with reliefs of trophies of Dacian weapons and includes several illustrations of the two-handed
238:. The exact weapon of those few shown without shields cannot be determined with certainty. The frieze of Trajan's column also shows Dacians using smaller, sword-sized
1525:
466:
might have been inspired by the sickle, although agricultural sickles of the time were typically quite small – no more than 30 cm or so in length.
356:
was added to the skirt and a heavily padded vestment was worn underneath them. Roman armour of the time left limbs unprotected; Trajan introduced the use of
187:, III, 2.12) with a blade length that varied but was usually around 16 inches (41 cm) long with a handle one-third longer than the blade. The two-handed
794:
368:) for the right arm, which had previously been used only by gladiators, and which was never used again by soldiers once the Dacia campaign concluded.
1303:
909:
856:
824:
1500:
1530:
1739:
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251:, is thought to have been constructed by the soldiers who fought there, so it may be more accurate. This column shows four distinct types of
469:
At the time of the Dacian wars, producing a long, sharp blade was technically challenging. As such, it might be that the larger two-handed
2436:
1451:
342:
armour which was able to distribute damage more widely. In addition, both these older armour styles had unique modifications, a row of
1844:
809:
888:
90:' but was later used to mean any of a number of tools that had a curved blade that was sharp on the inside edge like a sickle.
518:
1456:
1941:
247:
The
Adamclisi monument, built by Trajan to commemorate the Romans who lost their lives in the Dacian counterattack in
1895:
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2411:
1934:
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301:, enough to incapacitate or kill a majority of opponents. These experiments also show that the
96:
was thus also used to mean the weapon of the
Thracians and Dacians, and the Roman siege hook.
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874:
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may have been a farming implement used as an improvised weapon, in a manner analogous to the
22:
2134:
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8:
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Borangic C. - Incursiune in
Arsenalul Armelor Curbe Tracice. Falx Dacica. Sebus, I, 2009
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is often larger and used with two hands, though there were some one handed ones.
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came in two sizes: one-handed and two-handed. The shorter variant was called
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Dacian kingdoms succeeding
Burebista's state and preceding Decebalus' state
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existing embossed decoration. The legions also reintroduced the wearing of
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is a much smaller variation, some with very dramatic curves or bends. The
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706:(Men at Arms Series, 129) by Peter Wilcox and Gerry Embleton, 1982, p. 35
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with a curved blade that was sharp on the inside edge used by the
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for the Dacia campaign as both were more flexible than the newer
194:
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was a high-status weapon and used only by the best warriors.
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inflicted, and experiments have shown that a blow from a
866:
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Dacians wielding single handed falxes, Trajan's column
822:
Dacian wielding single handed falx, Trajan's column
585:with personification of a Roman province, possibly
270:, the Dacians would have been a formidable threat.
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122:In Latin texts, the weapon was described as an
1935:
882:
854:Trajan's Column: Besieged Dacians sally forth
704:Rome's Enemies, Vol. 1: Germanics and Dacians
804:Demonstration of a reconstructed falx in use
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395:, a weapon very similar to the two-handed
350:was added to the sleeves, a double row of
848:Images of historical re-enactor with falx
418:, drawing based on the Adamclisi monument
281:described the large gaping wounds that a
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27:
548:Another image from the Tropaeum Traiani
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1356:
570:(107 AD) marking the conquest of Dacia
32:Dacian warriors wielding a two-handed
1923:
870:
1891:
1901:
1176:Dacian kingdom of Banat and Oltenia
478:
428:is clearly related to the Thracian
381:The Thracians also made use of the
13:
1222:southern Moldavia and Transylvania
536:) wielded on the Tropaeum Traiani
65:. The name was later applied to a
14:
2448:
2437:Thracian archaeological artifacts
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183:(sickle) in the Dacian language (
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1267:Art, jewellery, treasures, tools
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1304:Words of possible Dacian origin
1220:Dacian kingdom of Wallachia and
850:(referring to images in row F).
810:The curved sword of the Dacians
450:The ancestor of the two-handed
1129:Dacian nucleus in Transylvania
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293:easily penetrated the Romans'
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779:The Dacian threat, 101-106 AD
766:The Dacian threat, 101-106 AD
753:The Dacian threat, 101-106 AD
740:The Dacian threat, 101-106 AD
720:The Dacian threat, 101-106 AD
687:"Getai Gold&Silver Armor"
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691:Romanian History and Culture
117:Cluj National History Museum
111:Dacian weaponry including a
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10:
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1819:Eastern Romance substratum
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203:was also used two-handed.
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483:Similarly, there are the
86:word originally meaning '
566:(below) on reverse of a
2402:Ancient European swords
1651:Battle of Sarmizegetusa
279:Marcus Cornelius Fronto
1630:Second Battle of Tapae
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1606:First Battle of Tapae
608:as the weapon of the
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387:. They also used the
110:
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23:Falx (disambiguation)
16:Ancient bladed weapon
618:mosaic, 1st century)
460:. The single-handed
69:used by the Romans.
21:For other uses, see
1637:Battle of Adamclisi
722:Caeros 2005, p. 31
115:(top) exhibited in
1709:Dacia Mediterranea
1324:Sinaia lead plates
1309:Dacian plant names
859:2011-05-26 at the
827:2011-05-26 at the
420:
401:but less curved.
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1334:Thracian language
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313:conquest of Dacia
297:lorica segmentata
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2427:European weapons
2361:Torimono sandōgu
2165:Scottish halberd
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2120:Ox tongue spear
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332:lorica squamata
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224:Trajan's column
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2100:Lucerne hammer
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1156:(c. 30s–70 AD)
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840:2012-11-29 at
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816:Falx as a tool
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789:External links
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458:bill-guisarme
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324:lorica hamata
318:
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274:Effectiveness
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36:
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24:
19:
2145:Quarterstaff
2095:Lochaber axe
2034:
2010:Brogit staff
1814:Thraco-Roman
1672:Free Dacians
1588:Roman Empire
1560:
1486:Piroboridava
1432:Dacian Draco
1314:Dacian names
1246:civilization
1120:Zalmodegicus
1095:Dromichaetes
1008:Potulatenses
953:Burs (Dacia)
778:
773:
765:
760:
752:
747:
739:
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651:Scythe sword
609:
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604:The shorter
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222:
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168:
149:
145:Metamorphose
123:
121:
112:
101:
76:
46:
44:
18:
2271:Fangtian ji
2105:Man catcher
2005:Brandistock
1906:WikiProject
1839:Archaeology
1668:Roman Dacia
1452:Settlements
1244:Culture and
1168:(87–106 AD)
1144:(44 BC–???)
1063:Troglodytae
1018:Rhadacenses
1013:Predasenses
781:, pp. 33–36
768:, pp. 32–33
616:Gallo-Roman
614:gladiator (
589:, from the
405:Development
169:The Dacian
152:falx supina
2396:Categories
2341:Sodegarami
2261:Dagger-axe
2220:Welsh hook
2215:War scythe
2195:Swordstaff
2175:Sparth axe
1995:Boar spear
1990:Bear spear
1868:Thracology
1809:Daco-Roman
1645:Second War
1457:Fortresses
1394:Pleistoros
1384:Gebeleizis
1115:Rubobostes
924:Albocenses
673:References
591:Hadrianeum
447:wielders.
339:segmentata
67:siege hook
2296:Kama-yari
2286:Hoko yari
2155:Rhomphaia
2110:Menaulion
2065:Half pike
2050:Goedendag
1965:Ahlspiess
1858:Dacianism
1624:First War
1518:relations
1437:Kogaionon
1299:Belagines
1273:bracelets
1255:Artifacts
1166:Decebalus
1148:Comosicus
1136:Burebista
1058:Tyragetae
1023:Saldenses
973:Costoboci
504:rhomphaia
492:rhomphaia
431:rhomphaia
391:rhomphaia
372:Thracian
220:wielder.
148:and as a
73:Etymology
59:Thracians
2432:Polearms
2366:Trishula
2331:Sasumata
2311:Naginata
2306:Nagamaki
2190:Spontoon
2125:Partisan
2055:Guisarme
2040:Fauchard
2020:Dane axe
2015:Corseque
1975:Bardiche
1958:European
1951:Polearms
1886:Category
1863:Dacology
1832:Research
1763:Alutanus
1598:Domitian
1491:Sucidava
1481:Cumidava
1476:Buridava
1471:Argidava
1419:Zalmoxis
1409:Seirenes
1399:Sabazios
1379:Dionysus
1374:Derzelas
1369:Deceneus
1349:Religion
1291:Language
1281:Clothing
1142:Deceneus
1110:Rhemaxos
1090:Cothelas
1048:Teurisci
1028:Scaugdae
1003:Piephigi
978:Crobidae
963:Ciaginsi
857:Archived
838:Archived
825:Archived
624:See also
568:denarius
533:romphaia
489:and the
353:pteruges
346:pteruges
163:Satiriae
130:(whence
2371:Tsukubō
2281:Guandao
2276:Gichang
2256:Bisento
2200:Trident
2160:Sarissa
2150:Ranseur
2140:Pollaxe
2075:Javelin
2060:Halberd
2025:Doloire
1896:Commons
1802:Culture
1768:Moesiae
1552:Warfare
1516:Foreign
1414:Silenus
1357:Deities
1262:Coinage
1229:Dicomes
1211:Zyraxes
1154:Scorilo
998:Peukini
968:Clariae
929:Anartes
755:, p. 30
656:Khopesh
641:Falcata
511:Gallery
358:greaves
311:During
195:polearm
158:Juvenal
134:falcata
100:Dacian
63:Dacians
38:on the
2351:Sumpit
2346:Sovnya
2266:Dangpa
2251:Barcha
2225:Xyston
2210:Voulge
2185:Spetum
2170:Sovnya
2085:Kontos
2045:Glaive
1970:Atgeir
1745:Castra
1732:Column
1725:Bridge
1719:Trajan
1689:Moesia
1616:Trajan
1541:Romans
1526:Greeks
1404:Semele
1364:Bendis
1206:Rholes
1183:Cotiso
1105:Oroles
1100:Moskon
1053:Trixae
1043:Terizi
1033:Senses
948:Bessoi
939:Biephi
906:Tribes
742:, p. 4
726:
661:Shotel
611:Thraex
587:Thrace
495:. The
364:manica
317:Trajan
249:Moesia
193:was a
88:sickle
55:weapon
53:was a
2376:Woldo
2356:Tabar
2336:Sibat
2326:Qiang
2321:Podao
2241:Arbir
2234:Asian
2180:Spear
2090:Lance
2070:Hasta
1853:Books
1755:Limes
1531:Celts
1496:Davae
1389:Kotys
1200:Dapyx
1160:Duras
1085:Coson
1073:Kings
993:Moesi
988:Getae
958:Carpi
944:Bessi
934:Apuli
898:Dacia
666:Harpe
646:Kopis
636:Dadao
138:) by
84:Latin
82:is a
2381:Yari
2316:Ngao
2301:Kudi
2130:Pike
2035:Falx
2030:Dory
1985:Bill
1566:Sica
1561:Falx
1038:Suci
983:Daci
919:Aedi
910:List
724:ISBN
606:sica
583:Falx
563:falx
527:falx
498:sica
486:sica
472:falx
463:falx
453:falx
444:falx
437:falx
425:falx
415:Falx
398:falx
384:falx
375:falx
328:and
304:falx
290:falx
284:falx
267:falx
260:falx
254:falx
241:falx
235:falx
229:falx
217:falx
210:falx
200:falx
190:falx
179:sica
172:falx
140:Ovid
113:falx
102:falx
93:Falx
79:Falx
61:and
49:falx
45:The
35:falx
1454:and
315:by
160:in
156:by
142:in
2398::
2291:Ji
1670:/
711:^
689:.
524:A
166:.
1943:e
1936:t
1929:v
946:/
912:)
908:(
890:e
883:t
876:v
863:.
844:.
831:.
818:.
812:.
806:.
800:.
693:.
530:(
25:.
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