1801:
1620:
1353:
1408:
63:
895:
1034:
2407:
2549:
8707:
2866:
35:
1678:"—Catholics who outwardly conformed to the established church while maintaining their Catholic faith in secret. Wealthy church papists attended their parish church but had Mass at home or hired two chaplains, one to perform the prayer book service and the other to perform the Mass. Initially, recusant priests advised the laity to simply abstain from Protestant communion. However, this stance hardened over time. In 1562, the
1603:
while, it was possible to sustain an attenuated
Catholicism within the parish framework, by counterfeiting the mass, teaching the seven sacraments, preserving images of saints, reciting the rosary, observing feasts, fasts, and customs". Over time, however, this "survivalist Catholicism" was undermined by pressures to conform, giving way to an underground Catholicism completely separate from the Church of England.
1195:. In 1559, Elizabeth was still unsure of the theological orientation of her Protestant subjects, and she did not want to offend the Lutheran rulers of northern Europe by veering too far into the Reformed camp. "It was worthwhile for Elizabeth's government to throw the Lutherans a few theological scraps, and the change also chimed with the Queen's personal inclination to Lutheran views on eucharistic presence."
2650:
2781:
1422:(rather than cope or chasuble) for services. In 1560, the bishops specified that the cope should be worn when administering the Lord's Supper and the surplice at all other times. Other provisions of the Royal Injunctions were out of step with the Edwardian Reformation and displayed the Queen's conservative preferences. These included injunctions allowing processions to take place at
1179:
House of Lords. Haigh argues that the Act of
Uniformity "produced an ambiguous Book of Common Prayer: a liturgical compromise which allowed priests to perform the Church of England communion with Catholic regalia, standing in the Catholic position, and using words capable of Catholic interpretation". This made it easier for priests to "counterfeit" the Mass without risking arrest.
640:
1611:) were becoming a majority. Efforts to introduce further religious reforms through Parliament or by means of Convocation were consistently blocked by the Queen. The Church of England's refusal to adopt the patterns of the Continental Reformed churches deepened conflict between Protestants who desired greater reforms and church authorities who prioritised conformity.
1450:. The injunctions ordered the "holy table" to be carried into the chancel during communion services but at all other times to be placed where the altar would have stood. When not in use, it was to be oriented north to south, the same as an altar. These provisions offended many Protestants, and in practice, the Injunctions were often ignored by church leaders.
952:. The pope's authority was removed, but rather than granting the Queen the title of supreme head of the church, it merely said she could adopt it herself. This bill would have returned the Church to its position at the death of Henry VIII rather than to that when Edward VI died. It was a defeat for the Queen's legislative programme, so she withheld
2403:. In addition, the liturgy remained "more elaborate and more reminiscent of older liturgical forms" and "took no account of developments in Protestant thinking after the early 1550s". According to historian Diarmaid MacCulloch, the conflicts over the Elizabethan Settlement stem from the "tension between Catholic structure and Protestant theology".
2566:
second of which stated that the Prayer Book and
Ordinal contained "nothing ... contrary to the word of God". Whitgift's demands produced widespread turmoil, and around 400 ministers were suspended for refusal to subscribe. Under pressure from the Privy Council, Whitgift was forced to accept conditional subscriptions from defiant ministers.
804:, Elizabeth's half-sister, became queen in 1553. She reversed the religious innovations introduced by her father and brother. Under Mary's rule, England returned to the Catholic Church and recognised the pope's authority. Mary died in November 1558 without a Catholic heir, leaving the throne to the Protestant Elizabeth.
1482:
deprived for refusal to conform. Most parish clergy kept their posts, but it is not clear to what degree they conformed. The bishops thought that
Catholicism was widespread among the old clergy, but priests were rarely removed because of a clergy shortage that began with an influenza epidemic in 1558.
2807:
Diarmaid MacCulloch states that Hooker's writings helped to create an "Anglican synthesis". From Hooker, Anglicanism "inherited its belief in the place of reason as an authority for action, its esteem for continuity over the
Reformation divide, and a hospitality towards sacramental modes of thought".
2609:
led to the discovery of the presbyterian organisation that had been built up over the years. Its leaders were arrested and the
Classical Movement disintegrated. This debacle occurred at the same time that Puritanism's most powerful defenders at Court were dying off. In the aftermath of the conformist
2565:
carries connotations of
Catholicism. The majority of conformists were part of the Reformed consensus that included the Puritans; what divided the parties were disputes over church government. Whitgift's first move against the Puritans was a requirement that all clergy subscribe to three articles, the
1728:
By 1574, Catholic recusants had organised an underground
Catholic Church, distinct from the Church of England. However, it had two major weaknesses: membership loss as church papists conformed fully to the Church of England, and a shortage of priests. The latter problem was addressed by establishing
1602:
The settlement of 1559 had given
Protestants control of the Church of England, but matters were different at the parish level, where Catholic priests and traditional laity held large majorities. The bishops struggled for decades to impose the prayer book and Injunctions on reluctant parishes. "For a
1686:
for
Catholics: "You may not be present at such prayers of heretics, or at their sermons, without heinous offence and the indignation of God, and it is far better to suffer most bitter cruelties than to give the least sign of consent to such wicked and abominable rites." By the late 1560s, recusancy
1666:
was founded to provide a Catholic education to young Englishmen and, eventually, to train a new leadership for a restored Catholic Church in England. Other leading Marian churchmen remained in England to serve as private chaplains to Catholic nobles and gentry. Many became leaders of an underground
1574:
thinking. The Thirty-nine Articles were not intended as a complete statement of the Christian faith but of the position of the Church of England in relation to the Catholic Church and dissident Protestants. In 1571, Convocation finalised the Thirty-nine Articles. It was given statutory force by the
1178:
argues that Elizabeth wanted to pursue a conservative policy but was pushed in a radical direction by a Protestant faction in the House of Commons. This theory has been challenged by Christopher Haigh, who argues that Elizabeth wanted radical reform but was pushed in a conservative direction by the
2536:
authors believed that presbyterianism was the only biblical form of church government, whereas Whitgift argued that no single form of church government was commanded in the Bible. Under Field's leadership, the Classical Movement was active among Puritans within the Church of England throughout the
1157:
from the 1549 prayer book to the words in the 1552 book. When communicants received the bread, they would hear the words, "The body of our Lord Jesus Christ, which was given for thee, preserve thy body and soul unto everlasting life . Take and eat this in remembrance that Christ died for thee, and
982:
The alternative title was less offensive to Catholic members of Parliament, but this was unlikely to have been the only reason for the alteration. It was also a concession to the Queen's Protestant supporters who objected to "supreme head" on theological grounds and who had concerns about a female
2795:
consensus" was shattered, and the Church of England began defining itself less broadly. The suppression and marginalisation of Prayer Book Protestants during the 1640s and 1650s had made the prayer book "an undisputed identifier of an emerging Anglican self-consciousness." Historian Judith Maltby
1481:
accounts indicate that half of all parishes kept Catholic vestments and Mass equipment for at least a decade. Gradually, however, parishes complied as bishops exerted pressure. Most of the parish clergy were Catholics. Through the mid-1560s, there were an estimated 800 clergy who resigned or were
1054:
Another bill introduced to the same Parliament with the intent to return Protestant practices to legal dominance was the Uniformity bill, which sought to restore the 1552 prayer book as the official liturgy. It encountered more opposition in the Lords than the Supremacy Act, passing by only three
2431:
over the refusal of some clergy to wear the clerical dress required by the Royal Injunctions. For many Protestants, clerical vestments symbolised a continued belief in a priestly order separate from the congregation, and could be interpreted by Catholics as affirmation of traditional doctrines.
2426:
in marriage. Throughout her reign, the Queen successfully blocked attempts by Parliament and the bishops to introduce further change. The bishops were placed in the difficult position of enforcing conformity while supporting reform. This was particularly evident between 1565 and 1567 during the
1771:
The persecution of 1581–1592 changed the nature of Catholicism in England. The seminary priests were dependent on the gentry families of southern England. As the older generation of recusant priests died out, Catholicism collapsed among the lower classes in the north, west and in Wales. Without
864:
To avoid alarming foreign Catholic observers, Elizabeth initially maintained that nothing in religion had changed. A proclamation forbade any "breach, alteration, or change of any order or usage presently established within this our realm". Nevertheless, Protestants were emboldened to practice
1633:
In the early years of Elizabeth's reign, most Catholics hoped the Protestant ascendancy would be temporary, as it had been prior to Mary's restoration of papal authority. There were priests who conformed to the prayer book while also providing the Mass to their parishioners. Others refused to
970:
Following the Queen's failure to grant approval to the previous bill, Parliament reconvened in April 1559. At this point, the Privy Council introduced two new bills, one concerning royal supremacy and the other about a Protestant liturgy. The Council hoped that by separating them at least the
1763:
fine for missing a service was poorly enforced. Afterwards, efforts to identify recusants and force them to conform increased. In 1581, a new law made it treason to be absolved from schism and reconciled with Rome and the fine for recusancy was increased to £20 per month (50 times an
2610:
assault, the 1590s were relatively free of theological controversy. Once Whitgift had destroyed presbyterian activism, he was content to leave the Puritans alone. Likewise, Elizabethan Puritans abandoned the hopeless cause of presbyterianism to focus on less controversial pursuits.
2811:
The clash between Calvinists and Arminians was never resolved, and the "seesaw battle between Catholic and Protestant within a single Anglican ecclesiastical structure has been proceeding ever since". The preface to the 1662 prayer book defined the Church of England as a
2726:, Archbishop of Canterbury (1633–1645). Laud and his followers believed the Reformation had gone too far and launched a "'Beauty of Holiness' counter-revolution, wishing to restore what they saw as lost majesty in worship and lost dignity for the sacerdotal priesthood."
1190:
after the loss of "the Latin mass, monasteries, chantries, shrines, gilds and a compulsory celibate priesthood". He argues the modifications were most likely meant to appease domestic and foreign Lutheran Protestants who opposed the memorialist view originating from
1133:
which approved the first prayer book was passed in January, it is likely that the provisions of the 1549 prayer book were intended, even though Edward's second year ended several months before the book was published. The 1549 prayer book required clergy to wear the
1433:
In some instances, the injunctions contradicted the 1559 prayer book. While the prayer book directed the use of ordinary bread for communion, the Injunctions required traditional wafers to be used. There were also conflicting directions for the placement of the
1593:
view had much in common with John Calvin's Eucharistic theology. "Of Common Prayer and Sacraments" taught that although only baptism and the Eucharist were sacraments instituted by Christ other rites such as ordination had a sacramental character.
1186:, also finds Neale's thesis flawed. At the same time, he calls the idea that the prayer book modifications were concessions to Catholics "absurd", writing that "these little verbal and visual adjustments" would never satisfy Catholic clergy and
1588:
with sermons on 20 topics. One, "Of the Worthy Receiving of the Sacrament", added more detail to the church's doctrine of the Eucharist, which was described as "spiritual food" and "a ghostly substance and not carnal" made real by faith. This
1255:, died in 1558 and needed to be replaced. The remaining bishops were all Catholics appointed during Mary's reign, and Elizabeth's advisers hoped they could be persuaded to continue serving. Ultimately, all but two bishops (the undistinguished
2734:
resulted in the overthrow of Charles I, and a Puritan dominated Parliament began to dismantle the Elizabethan Settlement. Episcopacy was replaced with a semi-presbyterian system. In 1645, the prayer book was made illegal and replaced by the
2756:
was a slightly revised version of the previous book. Many Puritans, however, were unwilling to conform to it. Around 900 ministers refused to subscribe to the new prayer book and were removed from their positions, an event known as the
2436:
and tried to find compromise, but the Queen believed that the church—and herself as supreme governor—had authority to determine rites and ceremonies. In the end, Archbishop Parker issued a code of discipline for the clergy called the
1606:
Gradually, England was transformed into a Protestant country as the prayer book shaped Elizabethan religious life. By the 1580s, conformist Protestants (termed "parish anglicans" by Christopher Haigh and "Prayer Book protestants" by
2398:
and others. In England, however, Protestants were forced to operate within a church structure unchanged since medieval times with the same threefold orders of bishop, priest and deacon along with church courts that continued to use
1372:. These new royal injunctions were meant to fill in the details of the settlement and were to be enforced nationwide by six groups of clerical and lay commissioners. All of the leading clergymen were Protestants and former exiles (
812:
Elizabeth's religious views were Protestant, though "peculiarly conservative". She also kept many of her religious views private, which can make it difficult to determine what she believed. She disliked married clergy, held
1476:
Many parishes were slow to comply with the injunctions. Many did so out of sympathy with traditional Catholic religion, while others waited to see if this religious settlement was permanent before taking expensive action.
1391:
According to the injunctions, church images that were superstitiously abused were condemned as idolatry, but the commissioners mandated the destruction of all pictures and images. Across the nation, parishes paid to have
2642:. James was himself a moderate Calvinist, and the Puritans hoped the King would move the English Church in the Scottish direction. James, however, did the opposite, forcing the Scottish Church to accept bishops and the
2560:
and six years later Archbishop of Canterbury. His rise to power has been identified with a "conservative reaction" against Puritanism. It is more accurate to call Whitgift and those like him conformists, since the word
2808:
From the Arminians, it gained a theology of episcopacy and an appreciation for liturgy. From the Puritans and Calvinists, it "inherited a contradictory impulse to assert the supremacy of scripture and preaching".
1465:. In the end, the Queen and the bishops reached an unspoken compromise. She kept her crucifix and candles and dropped her plans to restore roods. In 1560, Bishop Grindal was allowed to enforce the demolition of
1158:
feed on him in thy heart by faith with thanksgiving" . This combination could be interpreted as an affirmation of an objective real presence to those who believed in it, while others could interpret it to mean
1772:
priests, these social classes drifted into the Church of England and Catholicism was forgotten. By Elizabeth's death, Catholicism had become "the faith of a small sect", largely confined to gentry households.
2569:
In the Parliaments of 1584 and 1586, the Puritans attempted to push through legislation that would institute a presbyterian form of government for the Church of England and replace the prayer book with the
1694:
attempted to overthrow England's Protestant regime. The rebellion was defeated, but it contributed to a perception that Catholicism was treason. This perception was seemingly confirmed when Elizabeth was
1756:
The Queen's excommunication and the arrival of the seminary priests brought a change in government policy toward recusants. Before 1574, most laymen were not made to take the Oath of Supremacy and the
1125:, stating that until the Queen ordered otherwise ministers were to "use such ornaments as were in use by the authority of Parliament in the second year of the reign of King Edward VI". Edward's second
948:
joined the bishops in their opposition and succeeded in amending the bill considerably. The ordinal and prayer book provisions were removed and the Mass left unchanged, with the exception of allowing
6167:
2477:
that would allow Protestants, with their bishop's permission, to omit ceremonies from the 1559 prayer book, and bishops would be further empowered to license clergymen to use the French and Dutch
2454:
and establishing underground congregations. Most Puritans, however, remained in the Church of England. These Puritans were not without influence, enjoying the support of powerful men such as the
1768:'s wage). Afterwards, executions of Catholic priests became more common, and in 1585, it became treason for a Catholic priest to enter the country, as well as for anyone to aid or shelter him.
1340:
1129:
ran from 28 January 1548 to 27 January 1549. During this time, priests said Mass in Latin wearing traditional Catholic vestments. Few thought this was the rubric's meaning, however. Since the
2481:
liturgies. Catholics, however, would have no such freedom. The Queen did not approve, disliking any attempt to undermine the concept of religious uniformity and her own religious settlement.
1102:, which effectively restored the 1552 prayer book with some modifications. The Litany in the 1552 book had denounced "the bishop of Rome, and all his detestable enormities". The revised
2672:, that incorporated a few changes requested by the Puritans. The most important outcome of the Conference, however, was the decision to produce a new translation of the Bible, the 1611
1670:
Catholics were forced to choose between attending Protestant services to comply with the law or refusing to attend. Those who refused to attend Church of England services were called
1461:. Later, she decided that roods should be restored in parish churches. Elizabeth's bishops protested both moves as revivals of idolatry, arguing that all images were forbidden by the
4926:
4765:
4601:
4531:
1025:
The bill easily passed the House of Commons. In the House of Lords, all the bishops voted against it, but they were joined by only one lay peer. The Act of Supremacy became law.
5875:
2730:, however, was unpopular with both Puritans and Prayer Book Protestants, who viewed the high church innovations as undermining forms of worship they had grown attached to. The
1525:
influences argued against using of funds to pay for choristers. Churches employed singers for special occasions, which might be paid with money, wine, or ale and bread. The
2818:"between the two extremes of too much stiffness in refusing and of too much easiness in admitting any variation". Although Elizabeth I "cannot be credited with a prophetic
2687:. Like the Puritans, Andrewes engaged in his own brand of nonconformity. In his private chapel, he added ceremonies and formulas not authorised in the prayer book, such as
2831:
1218:
write that the Elizabethan Church "was widely regarded as a Reformed church, but it was anomalous in retaining certain features of late medieval Catholicism", such as
440:
2484:
By 1572, the debate between Puritans and conformists had entered a new phase—church government had replaced vestments as the major issue. While Parliament still met,
6520:
5669:
2691:. James I tried to balance the Puritan forces within his church with followers of Andrewes, promoting many of them at the end of his reign. This group was led by
520:
theology and liturgy. In Mary's reign, these religious policies were reversed, England was re-united with the Catholic Church and Protestantism was suppressed.
6733:
165:
7459:
102:
2676:. While a disappointment for Puritans, the provisions were aimed at satisfying moderate Puritans and isolating them from their more radical counterparts.
617:
and the overthrow of the monarchy allowed the Puritans to pursue their reform agenda and the dismantling of the Elizabethan Settlement for a period. The
2541:
or classes, from which the movement took its name. Through the 1580s, Puritans were organised enough to conduct what were essentially covert national
5139:
1400:
removed, which they had only recently paid to restore under Queen Mary. They would spend more money on buying Bibles and prayer books and replacing
4727:
2126:
1202:
and Peter Lake argue that until 1630 the Church of England was shaped by a "Calvinist consensus". During this time, Calvinist clergy held the best
1646:, and academics (mostly from Oxford but also from Cambridge) lost their positions. In the early years, some 300 Catholics fled, especially to the
2804:'s thought became influential within the Church of England, as Anglicans tried to define themselves in ways distinct from Protestant dissenters.
2594:
began defending the English Church's episcopal polity more strongly, no longer merely accepting it as convenient but asserting it as divine law.
2520:
of Cambridge University, a leading advocate for conformity, published a reply in October 1572, and he and Cartwright subsequently entered into a
2381:
1966:
5885:
5632:
1462:
1404:
with communion cups (a chalice was designed for the priest alone whereas a communion cup was larger and to be used by the whole congregation).
621:
in 1660 reestablished the settlement, and the Puritans were forced out of the Church of England. Anglicans started to define their Church as a
433:
5444:
8521:
1121:
was added as one of the concessions to traditionalists in order to gain passage in the Lords. The rubric provided instructions for clerical
909:
opened in January 1559, its chief goal was the difficult task of reaching a religious settlement. Twenty bishops (all Catholics) sat in the
8752:
6152:
1976:
869:. It was obvious to most that these were temporary measures. Her government's goal was to resurrect the Edwardian reforms, reinstating the
318:
1360:
Church. It was the main altar stone up to about 1550 in the reign of Edward VI when it was removed and used as a footbridge over a stream.
821:. At certain times, the Queen made her religious preferences clear, such as on Christmas Day 1558, when before Mass she instructed Bishop
6616:
4997:
2450:
came into use to describe those who wanted further reformation. Some lost faith in the Church of England as an agent of reform, becoming
2197:
8767:
8387:
6992:
6816:
6189:
5293:
2131:
1971:
260:
2151:
8762:
5495:
1503:. Although most people were able to sing, worship was dominated by choral liturgies, especially in the cathedrals. During this time,
972:
532:
426:
215:
46:
3604:
1453:
The Queen was disappointed by the extreme iconoclasm of the Protestants during the visitations. In October 1559, she ordered that a
7507:
6661:
6611:
5918:
5531:
1986:
1098:
The Act of Uniformity required church attendance on Sundays and holy days and imposed fines for each day absent. It authorized the
550:
5923:
4444:
971:
Supremacy bill would pass. Under this bill, the Pope's jurisdiction in England was once again abolished, and Elizabeth was to be
743:, the central act of Catholic worship, was condemned as idolatry and replaced with a Protestant communion service, a reminder of
1800:
6768:
6636:
5880:
5788:
5519:
5439:
5387:
5185:
2330:
2262:
1662:. They also acted as a "Church government in exile", providing Catholics in England with advice and instructions. In 1568, the
1469:
in London. A year later, the Queen herself ordered the demolition of all lofts, but the rood beams were to remain on which the
647:; an allegorical painting meant to show Queen Elizabeth I combined the best virtues of her predecessors, Henry, Edward and Mary
17:
8361:
2574:
used in Geneva. Both attempts failed, mainly because of the Queen's opposition. In response, a group of conformists including
1562:
The Elizabethan settlement was further consolidated by the adoption of a moderately Protestant doctrinal statement called the
1278:
to replace Pole as Archbishop of Canterbury. Parker was a prominent scholar and had served as chaplain to Elizabeth's mother,
627:
or middle way between the religious extremes of Catholicism and Protestantism; Arminianism and Calvinism; and high church and
5397:
5132:
5039:
4935:
4774:
4631:
4610:
4564:
4540:
4503:
4465:
1896:
1540:
Devotional singing at home was shared between family and friends. By far the most popular and reprinted metrical Psalter was
1315:
837:—still a Benedictine monastery—the Queen disapproved of what she considered Catholic superstition, telling the monks bearing
771:
685:
513:
406:
1548:. Although it was not legally required, it was traditional for virtually all Protestant churches and was also used at home.
1040:(1489–1556), Edward VI's Archbishop of Canterbury and editor and co-author of both the 1549 and 1552 Books of Common Prayer.
8279:
6174:
2708:
2455:
2400:
1866:
1729:
seminaries to train and ordain English priests. In addition to the English College at Douai, a seminary was established at
1628:
1369:
1286:—someone who stayed in England during Mary's reign and outwardly conformed to Catholicism. Most of the other posts went to
870:
603:
303:
1473:
were to be displayed. The Queen still believed there should be a division between the chancel and the rest of the church.
6369:
2765:. Now outside the established church, the different strands of the Puritan movement evolved into separate denominations:
2474:
2467:
930:
906:
558:
255:
97:
1619:
1493:
was limited to biblical texts and music sung during worship in the early church. Examples of permissible music included
8742:
8666:
7076:
5967:
5870:
4822:
4798:
4749:
4674:
2532:—both Cartwright and Whitgift believed in predestination and that human works played no role in salvation. Rather, the
2367:
2800:
as a recognisable tradition "owes more to the Restoration than the Reformation". It was in the period after 1660 that
8254:
7952:
7712:
7454:
6944:
6606:
5009:
4899:
4878:
4841:
4653:
4585:
4433:
1981:
1650:. From there they wrote and published a large body of Catholic polemical work to counter Protestantism, particularly
1352:
1056:
878:
411:
338:
8437:
8163:
7464:
7281:
6283:
5742:
5275:
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5265:
5260:
5255:
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5225:
5220:
5125:
2836:
2136:
1576:
1563:
865:
illegal forms of worship, and a proclamation on 27 December prohibited all forms other than the Latin Mass and the
660:
inherited a kingdom bitterly divided over matters of religion. This division began during the reign of her father,
54:
7673:
5107:
1022:. While broad and ambiguous, this provision was meant to reassure Catholics that they would have some protection.
8567:
7299:
7028:
7009:
6469:
6199:
5938:
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5778:
5768:
5578:
5541:
5215:
5210:
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5200:
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5190:
5180:
2679:
The Church of England's dominant theology was still Calvinism, but a group of theologians associated with Bishop
2006:
1567:
1247:
To enforce her religious policies, Queen Elizabeth needed bishops willing to cooperate. Seven bishops, including
545:, which contained the liturgical services of the church. Some modifications were made to appeal to Catholics and
7817:
7668:
7172:
7256:
6966:
6903:
6893:
6809:
6783:
6751:
6578:
6497:
5928:
5698:
5614:
5505:
2851:
2509:
1651:
129:
124:
7335:
6954:
8447:
8173:
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6527:
6184:
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5597:
5335:
2222:
1881:
1746:
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that Mary I had revived. Catholics gained an important concession. Under the bill, only opinions contrary to
2703:
rather than the Reformers and preferred using the more traditional 1549 prayer book. Due to their belief in
8757:
8241:
7779:
7752:
7702:
7157:
6987:
5962:
2749:
2737:
2666:
2653:
Archbishop William Laud's promotion of high church policies caused controversy within the Church of England
1691:
1439:
1149:
The most significant revision was a change to the Communion Service that added the words for administering
1099:
1049:
846:
818:
760:
708:
541:
353:
275:
192:
152:
139:
92:
8427:
6949:
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6326:
5972:
5957:
5943:
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5840:
5330:
2856:
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2432:
Bishop Jewel called the surplice a "vestige of error". In general, the bishops considered clerical dress
1742:
918:
899:
740:
833:. In effect, Elizabeth was declaring that she did not believe in the doctrine of transubstantiation. At
8392:
8234:
5977:
5845:
5649:
4784:
2538:
2283:
1815:
1655:
1534:
1271:) lost their posts. Most of their replacements were not consecrated until December 1559 or early 1560.
1003:
949:
8516:
8029:
7795:
7449:
6999:
6802:
6756:
6239:
5703:
5593:
2444:
The controversy over dress divided the Protestant community, and it was in these years that the term
2304:
2290:
2111:
1916:
1891:
1709:
released Elizabeth's Catholic subjects from any obligation to obey her. Subsequently, two Catholics,
1490:
720:
230:
7609:
8772:
8737:
8732:
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8149:
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6134:
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4870:
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2410:
Thomas Cartwright was a leading Puritan and promoter of presbyterianism in the reign of Elizabeth I
2247:
2116:
2041:
1659:
1647:
1447:
1407:
1268:
1252:
1019:
854:
838:
401:
270:
87:
6162:
2741:. The Directory was not a liturgical book but only a set of directions and outlines for services.
1192:
1084:
8497:
8316:
7384:
7320:
7071:
6898:
6837:
6049:
5989:
5865:
5747:
5546:
5148:
4475:
2770:
1886:
1385:
1264:
1211:
999:, believed that "All scripture seems to assign the title of head of the Church to Christ alone".
744:
1579:, which required all new ministers to affirm their agreement with this confessional statement.
8402:
8227:
8193:
8168:
8105:
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7352:
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6709:
6596:
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of the monarchy in 1660 allowed for the restoration of the Elizabethan Settlement as well. The
2643:
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2438:
2360:
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2081:
1926:
1876:
1811:
1663:
1521:
was composed for the royal chapel and cathedrals. Parish churches tended to have less music as
1130:
1045:
866:
736:
673:
536:
235:
6927:
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8691:
8607:
8577:
8476:
8351:
8274:
7765:
7746:
7426:
7132:
7033:
6850:
6704:
6646:
6537:
6532:
6410:
6404:
6204:
5752:
5717:
5622:
5536:
5318:
4721:
2766:
2745:
2704:
2579:
2441:, and the most popular and effective Protestant preachers were suspended for non-compliance.
2428:
2325:
2168:
2076:
2051:
1738:
1470:
1427:
1373:
1344:, which denounced female monarchs, and the Reformation in Geneva was tainted by association.
1319:
1111:
1068:
965:
618:
528:
524:
386:
220:
210:
574:
The settlement failed to end religious disputes. While most people conformed, a minority of
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6147:
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5994:
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5674:
5588:
5360:
5350:
5313:
4761:"The Prayer Book and the Parish Church: From the Elizabethan Settlement to the Restoration"
2822:
policy which foresaw the rich diversity of Anglicanism", her preferences made it possible.
2719:
2638:
2636:
was even more strongly Reformed, having a presbyterian polity and John Knox's liturgy, the
2599:
A Defence of the Government Established in the Church of England for Ecclesiastical Matters
2489:
2036:
1805:
1757:
1722:
1710:
1517:
1365:
1334:'s reformation in Geneva were notably excluded from consideration. The Queen never forgave
1311:
1299:
975:
instead of supreme head. All clergy and royal office-holders would be required to swear an
724:
607:
562:
343:
200:
7737:
4866:
The Making of the Jacobean Regime: James VI and I and the Government of England, 1603-1605
2414:
There were objections over the prayer book, including certain formulas and responses, the
1146:. Opposition to the so-called "popish wardrobe" made it impossible to enforce the rubric.
8:
8711:
8656:
8624:
8597:
8562:
8432:
8010:
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7236:
7152:
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5761:
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5083:
4641:
2871:
2841:
2557:
2513:
2501:
1846:
1714:
1705:
1635:
1570:, it tried to steer a middle way between Reformed and Lutheran doctrines while rejecting
1557:
1327:
1260:
1183:
1080:
1064:
987:, an influential Continental reformer, had called Henry VIII's claim to supreme headship
826:
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466:
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116:
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5061:
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8135:
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7347:
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7100:
7004:
6666:
6416:
6346:
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6251:
6228:
6024:
5798:
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5375:
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4962:
4908:
4709:
4701:
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2552:
John Whitgift was Archbishop of Canterbury and a defender of the Elizabethan Settlement
2463:
2451:
2395:
2121:
2066:
2061:
2016:
1941:
1871:
1749:. Between 1574 and 1603, 600 Catholic priests were sent to England. In 1580, the first
1060:
1011:
929:, and a slightly revised 1552 prayer book. It was not popular with the clergy, and the
926:
830:
767:
756:
644:
517:
283:
265:
160:
147:
62:
7678:
7064:
5737:
2516:—which presented a more detailed proposal for church reform along presbyterian lines.
582:
consensus developed among leading churchmen. Calvinists split between conformists and
8582:
8336:
8269:
8216:
8188:
7727:
7693:
7479:
7389:
7231:
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6399:
6268:
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5449:
5370:
5308:
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4931:
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4874:
4837:
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4713:
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4649:
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4606:
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2731:
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2583:
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2146:
2071:
2056:
2011:
1784:
1397:
1295:
1199:
1150:
1092:
1088:
1002:
The bill included permission to receive communion in two kinds. It also repealed the
976:
894:
850:
834:
814:
801:
701:
677:
614:
470:
6454:
4527:"The Prayer Book and the Parish Church: From the Restoration to the Oxford Movement"
4492:
3358:
The Communion Service of the Prayer Book: Its intention, Interpretation and Revision
1418:
The Injunctions offered clarity on the matter of vestments. Clergy were to wear the
1368:
of the dioceses. The visitation was conducted according to injunctions based on the
8661:
8651:
8634:
8512:
8470:
8412:
8382:
8211:
7917:
7832:
7697:
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5303:
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4693:
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2623:
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2497:
2179:
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1231:
1154:
1118:
1033:
567:
509:
366:
348:
308:
6863:
2683:
disagreed with many aspects of the Reformed tradition, especially its teaching on
1504:
842:
465:(1558–1603). The settlement, implemented from 1559 to 1563, marked the end of the
8639:
8572:
8507:
8464:
8249:
8206:
8158:
8075:
7947:
7758:
7572:
7474:
7444:
7016:
6724:
6626:
6564:
6306:
6257:
5803:
5458:
5029:
4921:
4864:
4812:
4788:
4760:
4739:
4621:
4596:
4575:
4554:
4526:
4455:
4423:
2591:
2571:
2478:
2387:
2237:
2227:
2212:
2202:
1643:
1435:
1426:
and requirements that clergy receive permission to marry from the bishop and two
1256:
1076:
1072:
934:
922:
914:
822:
779:
681:
505:
396:
7167:
8681:
8619:
8480:
8460:
8422:
8376:
8341:
8296:
8145:
8118:
8051:
8046:
7972:
7907:
7842:
7772:
7707:
7619:
7568:
7434:
7357:
7342:
6728:
6714:
6689:
6684:
6475:
6449:
6379:
6194:
6096:
6091:
6074:
6014:
5908:
5855:
5684:
5604:
5453:
2819:
2801:
2758:
2700:
2629:
2459:
2252:
2086:
1696:
1530:
1381:
1303:
1291:
1275:
1215:
1037:
992:
945:
910:
857:
was filled with former Edwardian politicians, and only Protestants preached at
643:
From right to left: Elizabeth I, Edward VI, Henry VIII, Mary I and her husband
361:
225:
134:
7683:
7201:
5071:
4966:
4697:
4684:—— (December 2005). "Putting the English Reformation on the Map".
1442:. According to the prayer book, the table should be placed permanently in the
8726:
8614:
8587:
8397:
8306:
8087:
8079:
8041:
7991:
7980:
7967:
7628:
7439:
7287:
7276:
6915:
6888:
6631:
6568:
6557:
6444:
6331:
6234:
6222:
6086:
6059:
5999:
5478:
5298:
5093:
4735:
4494:
The Stripping of the Altars: Traditional Religion in England, c. 1400–c. 1580
2692:
2619:
2587:
2517:
2485:
2297:
2257:
2232:
2217:
2187:
2046:
1946:
1936:
1931:
1921:
1836:
1623:
A recusant house in Wales that served as a Mass centre during the Reformation
1608:
1388:), and they interpreted the injunctions in the most Protestant way possible.
1287:
1248:
1171:
1110:, which in the 1552 book explained that kneeling for communion did not imply
748:
523:
The Elizabethan Settlement was an attempt to end this religious turmoil. The
170:
7261:
8526:
8455:
8407:
8301:
8221:
7999:
7624:
7582:
7547:
7500:
7394:
7362:
7137:
7038:
6656:
6586:
6464:
6273:
6244:
6111:
5808:
5551:
5510:
5057:
4808:
2792:
2723:
2605:
published a series of tracts attacking leading conformist clergy. The 1588
2521:
2423:
2141:
1831:
1718:
1590:
1512:
1478:
1458:
1423:
1377:
1223:
1107:
996:
953:
5117:
4891:
The Elizabethan Top Ten: Defining Print Popularity in Early Modern England
484:
When Elizabeth inherited the throne, England was bitterly divided between
8671:
8547:
8501:
8370:
8311:
8140:
8083:
8070:
8056:
7892:
7867:
7852:
7653:
7614:
7587:
7577:
7110:
6982:
6296:
6157:
6128:
6069:
6044:
6039:
5903:
5818:
5712:
5693:
5402:
4851:
4513:
4487:
2797:
2712:
2529:
2391:
2242:
2192:
1861:
1856:
1841:
1526:
1412:
1331:
1279:
1175:
1159:
1126:
984:
938:
858:
657:
599:
549:, including giving individuals greater latitude concerning belief in the
489:
478:
462:
7722:
2646:, all attempts to make it as similar as possible to the English Church.
571:
was issued outlining the church's reformed theology in greater detail.
8676:
8417:
8326:
8201:
8099:
7790:
7663:
7597:
7592:
7271:
7266:
7221:
7021:
6676:
6426:
6374:
6179:
6009:
5654:
5483:
5427:
5422:
4705:
2727:
2496:
that condemned "Popish abuses yet remaining in the English Church" and
2386:
Leading Protestants within the Church of England were attracted to the
1683:
1639:
1571:
1508:
1341:
The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstruous Regiment of Women
1323:
1307:
1283:
1055:
votes. Even this was possible only through political intrigue. Bishops
795:
775:
693:
661:
628:
591:
493:
457:
is the name given to the religious and political arrangements made for
313:
4556:
English Reformations: Religion, Politics, and Society Under the Tudors
8110:
8064:
8015:
7986:
7937:
7367:
6971:
6671:
6621:
6547:
6542:
6316:
6301:
6029:
6019:
5722:
5708:
5432:
5063:
The English Church in the Reigns of Elizabeth and James I (1558-1625)
4669:. British History in Perspective (2nd ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.
2814:
2433:
1851:
1671:
1466:
1357:
1335:
1219:
1203:
988:
752:
728:
711:
as a central teaching, in contrast to the Catholic teaching that the
697:
689:
623:
579:
497:
485:
71:
2406:
917:, and the Lords in general were opposed to change. In February, the
8486:
8023:
7922:
7882:
7872:
7857:
7643:
7517:
7377:
7105:
7095:
7044:
6977:
6922:
6855:
6794:
6515:
6394:
6034:
5813:
5727:
5473:
5463:
5417:
5412:
5407:
4958:
2774:
2548:
1792:
1566:. While affirming traditional Christian teaching as defined by the
1454:
1419:
1143:
1122:
1014:
of the early church, and any future Parliament could be treated as
712:
583:
575:
554:
546:
676:
of his marriage. When his request was denied, Henry separated the
34:
8706:
8346:
8264:
7887:
7862:
7847:
7802:
7638:
7495:
7411:
7399:
7293:
7162:
7142:
7117:
6552:
6482:
6142:
6106:
4927:
The Oxford Guide to the Book of Common Prayer: A Worldwide Survey
4766:
The Oxford Guide to the Book of Common Prayer: A Worldwide Survey
4602:
The Oxford Guide to the Book of Common Prayer: A Worldwide Survey
4532:
The Oxford Guide to the Book of Common Prayer: A Worldwide Survey
2865:
2780:
2661:
to the King. This petition for church reform was referred to the
2537:
1570s and 1580s. Puritan clergy in this movement organised local
2446:
2419:
1765:
1522:
1499:
1443:
1401:
1230:
contained in the prayer book, traditional clerical vestments and
1227:
1207:
474:
458:
5085:
The Elizabethan Clergy and the Settlement of Religion, 1558-1564
4888:
Quitslund, Beth (2016), "The Psalm Book", in Smith, Emma (ed.),
4460:. Cambridge Companions to Religion. Cambridge University Press.
8091:
7961:
7927:
7912:
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7658:
7552:
7532:
7522:
7241:
7226:
7179:
6842:
5568:
5488:
5355:
5031:
Hot Protestants: A History of Puritanism in England and America
2699:
and became known as the Durham House group. They looked to the
2649:
1750:
1700:
1675:
1015:
845:, "Away with those torches, for we see very well". The Queen's
587:
527:
re-established the Church of England's independence from Rome.
501:
4741:
Prayer Book and People in Elizabethan and Early Stuart England
8259:
7932:
7902:
7648:
7527:
7512:
7147:
6116:
5108:
Elizabethan Religious Settlement - World History Encyclopedia
4945:
Spurr, John (March 2002). "The English 'Post-Reformation'?".
2628:
In 1603, the King of Scotland inherited the English crown as
2542:
1187:
1007:
791:
5021:
Anglican Teaching: An Exposition of the Thirty-nine Articles
4790:
Heretics and Believers: A History of the English Reformation
4620:
Lord, Suzanne (2003). "Life and Music of the Middle Class".
4186:
4174:
2390:
of south Germany and Switzerland led by theologians such as
1582:
With the Queen's approval, Convocation also issued a second
8686:
8035:
7877:
7602:
4102:
4030:
4018:
3981:
3979:
3901:
3823:
3801:
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3709:
3462:
3450:
3384:
3382:
3248:
3131:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3038:
3036:
2832:
A View of Popish Abuses yet remaining in the English Church
2722:, the Arminians were ascendant and closely associated with
1730:
1393:
1139:
1106:
removed this denunciation of the Pope. It also deleted the
787:
783:
669:
3515:
3513:
3321:
3319:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3238:
3236:
3085:
3083:
3070:
3068:
3009:
817:, and there is evidence she preferred the more ceremonial
578:
remained loyal Catholics. Within the Church of England, a
7827:
7717:
4375:
4363:
4353:
4351:
4162:
3661:
1457:
and candlesticks be placed on the communion table in the
1135:
639:
516:. During Edward's reign, the Church of England adopted a
6879:(also called Mass, Holy Communion, or the Lord's Supper)
5023:. Dublin: Association for Promoting Christian Knowledge.
4577:
World of William Byrd: Musicians, Merchants and Magnates
4266:
4264:
4251:
4249:
4234:
4150:
4138:
4126:
4114:
4066:
4042:
3976:
3796:
3697:
3585:
3561:
3525:
3438:
3379:
3367:
3336:
3334:
3304:
3194:
3048:
3033:
3021:
2997:
2937:
2925:
2665:
of 1604, which agreed to produce a new prayer book, the
2500:. It called for the church to be organised according to
1721:–a Catholic conspiracy to overthrow Elizabeth and place
1551:
1364:
In the summer of 1559, the government conducted a royal
4090:
4078:
4054:
4006:
3996:
3994:
3942:
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3913:
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3877:
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3721:
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3549:
3510:
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3414:
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3148:
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3119:
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6734:
Political influence of Evangelicalism in Latin America
4387:
4348:
4324:
4288:
3685:
3158:
3095:
2973:
2913:
2791:
The Church of England was fundamentally changed. The "
1725:
on the throne–further alarmed the English government.
1411:
A 17th-century communion table in St Laurence Church,
829:. He refused, so the Queen left the chapel before the
707:
During Edward's reign, the Church of England preached
668:, failed to produce a male heir, Henry applied to the
492:
as a result of various religious changes initiated by
4623:
Music from the Age of Shakespeare: A Cultural History
4336:
4312:
4300:
4276:
4261:
4246:
4222:
4198:
3331:
2889:
4210:
3991:
3964:
3952:
3937:
3925:
3874:
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3784:
3772:
3745:
3649:
3637:
3537:
3426:
3407:
3289:
3218:
3143:
3107:
2961:
2861:
1028:
755:
was no longer explained by the Catholic doctrine of
4998:"Music and Reform in France, England, and Scotland"
4648:(revised ed.). London: Yale University Press.
3613:
2985:
2949:
2901:
1537:and the royal chapel continued during this period.
684:and claimed that he, rather than the pope, was its
477:, laying the foundation for the unique identity of
5019:Wilson, William Gilbert; Templeton, J. H. (1962).
4491:
3673:
3625:
2657:At the start of his reign, Puritans presented the
1717:, were executed for treason. The discovery of the
565:as a confessional statement for the church, and a
4924:. In Hefling, Charles; Shattuck, Cynthia (eds.).
4763:. In Hefling, Charles; Shattuck, Cynthia (eds.).
4599:. In Hefling, Charles; Shattuck, Cynthia (eds.).
4529:. In Hefling, Charles; Shattuck, Cynthia (eds.).
8724:
5113:Documents Illustrative of English Church History
5002:The Cambridge History of Sixteenth-Century Music
469:. It permanently shaped the Church of England's
5018:
5000:. In Fenlon, Iain; Wristreich, Richard (eds.).
3715:
2382:History of the Puritans under Queen Elizabeth I
692:, the Church of England became more explicitly
598:church government. After Elizabeth's death, a
2473:In 1572, a bill was introduced in the Queen's
1095:was excused from attending on account of age.
6810:
5133:
2361:
921:passed a Reformation Bill that would restore
586:, who wanted to abolish what they considered
434:
4726:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2024 (
4686:Transactions of the Royal Historical Society
4535:. Oxford University Press. pp. 93–105.
4454:Coffey, John; Lim, Paul C. H., eds. (2008).
1741:, and two more were established in Spain in
319:History of the Puritans under King Charles I
5147:
4953:(1). University of Chicago Press: 101–119.
4930:. Oxford University Press. pp. 44–54.
4769:. Oxford University Press. pp. 79–92.
4666:The Later Reformation in England, 1547-1603
4605:. Oxford University Press. pp. 61–63.
2601:, an anonymous Puritan under the pseudonym
1165:
553:and permission to use traditional priestly
8388:Communion and the developmentally disabled
6817:
6803:
5140:
5126:
4995:
4683:
4662:
4640:
4381:
4369:
4192:
4180:
4168:
4156:
4144:
4132:
4120:
4108:
4072:
4048:
4036:
3985:
3805:
3667:
3531:
3388:
3373:
3059:
3042:
3027:
2943:
2931:
2368:
2354:
1799:
688:on earth. Under Elizabeth's half-brother,
441:
427:
261:History of the Puritans under King James I
61:
4981:
4887:
4856:Elizabeth I and her Parliaments 1559–1581
4453:
3703:
3691:
3444:
1242:
973:supreme governor of the Church of England
739:were also rejected during this time. The
533:Supreme Governor of the Church of England
216:History of the Puritans under Elizabeth I
29:Part of England's switch to Protestantism
4907:
4783:
4096:
4084:
4060:
4024:
4012:
3919:
3907:
3895:
3829:
3766:
3739:
3727:
3579:
3555:
3519:
3504:
3492:
3480:
3468:
3456:
3353:
3325:
3283:
3271:
3254:
3242:
3212:
3188:
3176:
3137:
3125:
3089:
3074:
2979:
2919:
2779:
2648:
2547:
2405:
1674:. Most Catholics, however, were "church
1618:
1406:
1351:
1032:
893:
807:
638:
551:real presence of Christ in the Eucharist
33:
6558:Fostering of early experimental science
5027:
4831:
4807:
4594:
4524:
4498:(2nd ed.). Yale University Press.
4474:
4405:
4393:
4294:
3340:
3164:
3101:
3015:
2967:
2895:
937:, transubstantiation and the Mass as a
14:
8725:
6662:Fundamentalist – Modernist controversy
4919:
4862:
4817:(3rd ed.). Morehouse Publishing.
4758:
4734:
4573:
4421:
4357:
4342:
4330:
4318:
4306:
4282:
4270:
4255:
4240:
4228:
4216:
4204:
4000:
3790:
3655:
3643:
2508:was published—most likely authored by
1614:
815:Lutheran views on Eucharistic presence
6798:
5121:
4944:
4850:
4692:. Cambridge University Press: 75–95.
4549:
4486:
4457:The Cambridge Companion to Puritanism
4425:Puritanism: A Very Short Introduction
3970:
3958:
3946:
3931:
3883:
3868:
3856:
3844:
3817:
3778:
3754:
3591:
3567:
3543:
3432:
3420:
3401:
3400:For a summary of Neale's thesis, see
3310:
3298:
3227:
3200:
3152:
3113:
3003:
2991:
2955:
2907:
2784:Statue of Richard Hooker in front of
2715:orientation was more controversial.
1897:17th-century denominations in England
1552:Thirty-nine Articles and the Homilies
1282:. Also, like Elizabeth, Parker was a
514:supreme head of the Church of England
6824:
4619:
4442:
3679:
3631:
3619:
1867:Arminianism in the Church of England
1682:ruled out any outward conformity or
1629:Catholic Church in England and Wales
1347:
531:conferred on Elizabeth the title of
304:Arminianism in the Church of England
8753:Protestantism in the United Kingdom
4512:
3361:
2707:, this new faction is known as the
959:
889:
606:party gained power in the reign of
559:Convocations of Canterbury and York
98:Convocations of Canterbury and York
24:
8667:Ritualism in the Church of England
5050:
4913:Reflections on Liturgical Revision
4814:A History of the Church in England
798:was sanctioned by the government.
25:
8784:
8768:History of Catholicism in England
8255:Antiochian Western Rite Vicariate
7455:List of Anglican church composers
6945:Coronation of the British monarch
5101:
2506:A Second Admonition to Parliament
1703:in February 1570. The papal bull
1497:and liturgical texts such as the
1237:
1029:Act of Uniformity and prayer book
504:. Henry VIII had broken from the
412:History of the Anglican Communion
339:History of the Puritans from 1649
8763:History of the Church of England
8705:
8603:Elizabethan Religious Settlement
4922:"From Elizabeth I to Charles II"
4834:The Anglican Spiritual Tradition
4597:"The 'Liturgy of Comprehension'"
4399:
2864:
2837:History of the Church of England
2092:Elizabethan Religious Settlement
1564:Thirty-nine Articles of Religion
1384:, John Jewel, Edwin Sandys, and
455:Elizabethan Religious Settlement
55:History of the Church of England
8568:Bible translations into English
7300:To Thee before the close of day
7029:Seven Last Words from the Cross
5088:. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.
5066:. London; New York: Macmillan.
4414:
3597:
3394:
3352:For an extended treatment, see
3346:
2494:An Admonition to the Parliament
2007:Westminster Confession of Faith
1967:History under Queen Elizabeth I
7257:Benedictus (Song of Zechariah)
6521:Separation of church and state
6190:Formal and material principles
6175:Separation of church and state
5004:. Cambridge University Press.
4744:. Cambridge University Press.
2852:Religion in the United Kingdom
1568:first four ecumenical councils
1491:Music in the Church of England
884:
879:Forty-two Articles of Religion
185:Elizabethan Church (1558–1603)
130:Dissolution of the Monasteries
13:
1:
6185:Hymnody of continental Europe
5336:Apostles in the New Testament
4947:The Journal of Modern History
3356:, pp. 12–17) discussing
2878:
1775:
853:, a moderate Protestant. Her
634:
610:and challenged the Puritans.
8438:Thanksgiving after Communion
8242:Divine Worship: Daily Office
7780:Directory for Public Worship
7753:Book of Alternative Services
7282:O God, make speed to save us
5028:Winship, Michael P. (2018).
2883:
2738:Directory for Public Worship
2528:was not a disagreement over
2422:, the surplice and use of a
1977:History under King Charles I
1692:Revolt of the Northern Earls
1597:
1330:. Those exiles with ties to
1050:Book of Common Prayer (1559)
1020:ecclesiastical commissioners
715:person could cooperate with
709:justification by faith alone
700:, in the words of historian
696:, projecting a "restrained"
256:James I and religious issues
93:Religion in Medieval England
7:
7353:Glory to God in the highest
5633:Eastern Orthodox opposition
4996:Williamson, Magnus (2018).
4580:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
4559:. Oxford University Press.
4518:Dixit Cranmer Et Non Timuit
4428:. Oxford University Press.
4422:Bremer, Francis J. (2009).
3716:Wilson & Templeton 1962
2857:Westminster Conference 1559
2825:
2556:In 1577, Whitgift was made
1531:boys for service as singers
772:Christ's spiritual presence
297:Caroline period (1625–1649)
249:Jacobean period (1603–1625)
10:
8789:
8393:Communion under both kinds
8235:Divine Worship: The Missal
5650:Art patronage of Julius II
4449:. Oxford University Press.
2617:
2379:
2127:Immigration to New England
1972:History under King James I
1816:Springfield, Massachusetts
1687:was becoming more common.
1634:conform. Large numbers of
1626:
1555:
1043:
963:
950:communion under both kinds
650:
8743:16th-century Christianity
8700:
8540:
8446:
8360:
8187:
8030:Feast of the Annunciation
7946:
7811:
7796:Revised Common Lectionary
7736:
7561:
7488:
7450:Great Four Anglican Hymns
7425:
7085:
7000:Mass of the Presanctified
6988:Mass of the Lord's Supper
6830:
6742:
6577:
6496:
6425:
6360:
6282:
6213:
6153:Calvinist–Arminian debate
6127:
5894:
5777:
5613:
5504:
5386:
5284:
5173:
5155:
5034:. Yale University Press.
4836:. Templegate Publishers.
4793:. Yale University Press.
4698:10.1017/S0080440105000319
4595:Hefling, Charles (2006).
2613:
2112:Providence Island Company
1982:Cromwellian era and after
1917:Definitions of Puritanism
1892:Ecclesiastical separatism
1753:priests came to England.
1370:Royal Injunctions of 1547
1087:, and the elderly Bishop
931:Convocation of Canterbury
871:Royal Injunctions of 1547
508:and the authority of the
8150:Feast of Christ the King
7460:List of Anglican hymnals
6642:Christian existentialism
4991:. Company of Stationers.
4871:Royal Historical Society
4858:. London: Jonathan Cape.
4700:(inactive 9 July 2024).
4525:Gregory, Jeremy (2006).
2663:Hampton Court Conference
2597:In response to Bridges'
2117:Massachusetts Bay Colony
2042:Trial of Archbishop Laud
1987:History in North America
1664:English College at Douai
1485:
1253:Archbishop of Canterbury
1166:Scholarly interpretation
664:. After his first wife,
525:Act of Supremacy of 1558
402:Disestablishmentarianism
271:Hampton Court Conference
88:Anglo-Saxon Christianity
8712:Christianity portal
8498:Origin of the Eucharist
8317:Liturgy of Saint Tikhon
7385:Prayer of Humble Access
7072:Nine Lessons and Carols
5149:History of Christianity
4832:—— (1983).
4759:—— (2006).
4663:—— (2001).
4480:The English Reformation
3609:Encyclopedia Britannica
2326:Congregational churches
2284:The Godly Man's Picture
2152:American exceptionalism
1887:English Presbyterianism
1356:Ancient altar stone at
1071:were imprisoned in the
117:Reformation (1509–1559)
103:Development of dioceses
8362:Eucharistic discipline
8228:Book of Divine Worship
8194:Western Rite Orthodoxy
6961:Exhortation and Litany
6955:Dedication of a church
6710:Fourth Great Awakening
6597:Second Great Awakening
5836:Fall of Constantinople
5628:Development of primacy
4920:Spinks, Bryan (2006).
4869:. Studies in History.
4863:Newton, Diana (2005).
4646:Thomas Cranmer: A Life
4443:Byrd, William (1922).
2847:Peace of Augsburg 1555
2788:
2754:1662 Act of Uniformity
2654:
2644:Five Articles of Perth
2607:Marprelate Controversy
2553:
2526:Admonition Controversy
2411:
2305:Foxe's Book of Martyrs
2291:The Pilgrim's Progress
2132:Culture in New England
2082:Act of Uniformity 1662
1927:Puritan Sabbatarianism
1812:Augustus Saint-Gaudens
1624:
1415:
1361:
1243:Episcopal appointments
1131:Act of Uniformity 1549
1085:summoned to Parliament
1046:Act of Uniformity 1558
1041:
902:
737:intercession of saints
648:
537:Act of Uniformity 1558
236:Marprelate Controversy
231:Foxe's Book of Martyrs
125:Reformation Parliament
81:Middle Ages (597–1500)
39:
18:Elizabethan settlement
8692:Vestments controversy
8646:The Parson's Handbook
8608:Prayer Book Rebellion
8578:Choral Evensong (BBC)
8352:Stations of the Cross
7766:The Books of Homilies
7747:Book of Common Prayer
7133:General Intercessions
6894:Anointing of the sick
6858:(Vespers or Evensong)
6851:Prayer During the Day
6705:Reformed epistemology
6647:Third Great Awakening
6617:Seventh-day Adventist
6538:First Great Awakening
6411:Book of Common Prayer
6205:Protestant work ethic
5748:Independent Catholics
5699:Monastery dissolution
4574:Harley, John (2010).
3445:Coffey & Lim 2008
2783:
2669:Book of Common Prayer
2652:
2618:Further information:
2551:
2429:Vestments controversy
2409:
2169:Troubles at Frankfurt
2137:Christmas prohibition
2052:Vestments controversy
1810:, an 1887 statue by
1648:University of Louvain
1627:Further information:
1622:
1556:Further information:
1438:that were to replace
1428:justices of the peace
1410:
1355:
1112:Eucharistic adoration
1104:Book of Common Prayer
1036:
966:Act of Supremacy 1558
933:reacted by affirming
897:
875:Book of Common Prayer
808:Elizabeth's accession
794:were suppressed, and
763:Book of Common Prayer
642:
542:Book of Common Prayer
387:Bangorian Controversy
355:Book of Common Prayer
277:Book of Common Prayer
221:Vestments controversy
211:The Books of Homilies
194:Book of Common Prayer
154:Book of Common Prayer
141:Book of Common Prayer
37:
8593:Convergence Movement
8532:Thirty-nine Articles
8332:Personal ordinariate
8292:Ecclesiastical Latin
7336:Words of Institution
7331:Memorial Acclamation
7185:The Lord be with you
6528:Edicts of toleration
6337:Three Forms of Unity
6102:Bohemian Reformation
5675:Catholic Reformation
5532:Roman state religion
5351:Council of Jerusalem
5058:Frere, Walter Howard
4988:Whole Book of Psalms
4642:MacCulloch, Diarmaid
2718:During the reign of
2639:Book of Common Order
2470:and William Cecil.
2319:Continuing movements
2037:Scrooby Congregation
1723:Mary, Queen of Scots
1546:Whole book of Psalms
1535:St. Paul's Cathedral
1174:" thesis, historian
1004:medieval heresy laws
983:leading the Church.
745:Christ's crucifixion
563:Thirty-Nine Articles
461:during the reign of
344:Westminster Assembly
201:Thirty-nine Articles
8758:English Reformation
8657:Prayer for the dead
8625:Liturgical Movement
8598:English Reformation
8563:Anglican sacraments
8433:Spiritual Communion
8123:(some churches use
8011:Baptism of the Lord
7395:Lift up your hearts
7237:Trinitarian formula
6700:Liberation theology
6607:Jehovah's Witnesses
6440:Radical Reformation
6168:Resistance theories
6055:Christian mysticism
6050:Early Scholasticism
5762:Ecclesial community
5660:Counter-Reformation
5525:Constantinian shift
4809:Moorman, John R. H.
4626:. Greenwood Press.
4027:, pp. 470–472.
3910:, pp. 487–494.
3832:, pp. 467–469.
3769:, pp. 542–543.
3742:, pp. 458–459.
3594:, pp. 248–249.
3570:, pp. 246–248.
3471:, pp. 436–437.
3459:, pp. 435–436.
3313:, pp. 240–241.
3257:, pp. 431–432.
3140:, pp. 419–420.
3006:, pp. 450–454.
2872:Christianity portal
2842:Liturgical struggle
2558:Bishop of Worcester
2514:Christopher Goodman
2502:presbyterian polity
2180:Notable individuals
2077:English Restoration
1847:English Reformation
1735:Collegium Anglorum
1706:Regnans in Excelsis
1615:Catholic resistance
1558:Convocation of 1563
1184:Diarmaid MacCulloch
1182:Another historian,
847:principal secretary
733:prayer for the dead
727:. The doctrines of
666:Catherine of Aragon
653:English Reformation
590:abuses and replace
467:English Reformation
392:Evangelical Revival
206:Convocation of 1563
8630:Millenary Petition
8558:Anglican devotions
8553:Anglican Communion
8493:Liturgical colours
8428:Reserved sacrament
8164:Principal Holy Day
7838:Baptismal clothing
7786:Edwardine Ordinals
7689:Processional cross
7562:Liturgical objects
7348:Collect for Purity
7158:Laying on of hands
7128:Episcopal blessing
7034:Three Hours' Agony
7005:Good Friday Prayer
6950:Churching of women
6774:Oriental Orthodoxy
6417:King James Version
6229:Ninety-five Theses
6025:Apostolic Brethren
5799:Church of the East
5794:Oriental Orthodoxy
5640:Crusading movement
5160:Early Christianity
4551:Haigh, Christopher
3404:, pp. 33–84).
3203:, p. 239–240.
3018:, p. 192,197.
2789:
2767:Congregationalists
2761:. Puritans became
2674:King James Version
2659:Millenary Petition
2655:
2634:Church of Scotland
2554:
2464:Francis Walsingham
2412:
2401:medieval canon law
2396:Heinrich Bullinger
2122:Salem witch trials
2067:Grand Remonstrance
2062:Millenary Petition
2017:Cambridge Platform
1942:Puritan work ethic
1872:English Dissenters
1625:
1463:Second Commandment
1416:
1362:
1042:
903:
900:opening Parliament
898:Queen Elizabeth I
757:transubstantiation
649:
645:Philip II of Spain
539:re-introduced the
407:Prayer Book Crisis
284:King James Version
266:Millenary Petition
161:Forty-two Articles
148:Edwardine Ordinals
40:
8720:
8719:
8583:Christian liturgy
8270:Blessed Sacrament
8217:Anglican Breviary
8189:Anglo-Catholicism
8132:
7821:
7694:Sacramental bread
7480:Voluntary (music)
7232:Sign of the cross
7212:Processional hymn
7207:Priestly Blessing
7060:Banns of marriage
6880:
6867:
6859:
6846:
6792:
6791:
6769:Eastern Orthodoxy
6637:Finnish Awakening
6592:Holiness movement
6533:Congregationalism
6492:
6491:
6352:Metrical psalters
5789:Eastern Orthodoxy
5733:Neo-Scholasticism
5440:Canon development
5341:Jewish Christians
5041:978-0-300-12628-0
4983:Sternhold, Thomas
4937:978-0-19-529756-0
4776:978-0-19-529756-0
4633:978-0-313-31713-2
4612:978-0-19-529756-0
4566:978-0-19-822162-3
4542:978-0-19-529756-0
4505:978-0-300-10828-6
4467:978-0-521-67800-1
4243:, pp. 49–50.
4195:, pp. 47–51.
4183:, pp. 43–47.
4111:, pp. 35–47.
4039:, pp. 30–31.
3603:See the entry on
2732:English Civil War
2681:Lancelot Andrewes
2603:Martin Marprelate
2584:Matthew Sutcliffe
2510:Thomas Cartwright
2456:Earl of Leicester
2416:sign of the cross
2388:Reformed churches
2378:
2377:
2339:Reformed churches
2333:
2147:Half-Way Covenant
2072:English Civil War
2057:Martin Marprelate
2012:Savoy Declaration
1667:Catholic Church.
1507:were replaced by
1398:altar tabernacles
1348:Royal injunctions
1263:and the absentee
1200:Patrick Collinson
1151:sacramental bread
977:Oath of Supremacy
927:Edwardine Ordinal
905:When the Queen's
851:Sir William Cecil
835:Westminster Abbey
702:Christopher Haigh
678:Church of England
615:English Civil War
451:
450:
68:Westminster Abbey
38:Queen Elizabeth I
16:(Redirected from
8780:
8710:
8709:
8662:Reformed worship
8652:Paschal greeting
8635:Ornaments Rubric
8513:Passion of Jesus
8471:Ex opere operato
8413:Host desecration
8383:Church etiquette
8125:Pentecost Season
8122:
7815:
7738:Liturgical books
7470:Metrical psalter
7417:Ten Commandments
7400:Holy, Holy, Holy
7252:Athanasian Creed
7217:Recessional hymn
6911:Christian burial
6878:
6865:
6857:
6844:
6825:Anglican liturgy
6819:
6812:
6805:
6796:
6795:
6211:
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5598:Non-Chalcedonian
5579:Constantinople I
5371:General epistles
5366:Pauline epistles
5346:Paul the Apostle
5324:Great Commission
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2752:mandated by the
2750:1662 prayer book
2624:Caroline Divines
2576:Richard Bancroft
2498:episcopal polity
2370:
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2356:
2329:
2223:Jonathan Edwards
2198:William Bradford
1803:
1780:
1779:
1680:Council of Trent
1644:cathedral canons
1585:Book of Homilies
1577:Subscription Act
1542:Thomas Sternhold
1436:communion tables
1274:Elizabeth chose
1232:episcopal polity
1119:Ornaments Rubric
1100:1559 prayer book
1012:General Councils
960:Act of Supremacy
919:House of Commons
907:first Parliament
890:Reformation bill
827:elevate the host
819:1549 prayer book
780:religious images
568:Book of Homilies
443:
436:
429:
367:Nonjuring schism
349:Savoy Conference
309:Caroline Divines
65:
42:
41:
21:
8788:
8787:
8783:
8782:
8781:
8779:
8778:
8777:
8773:Elizabethan era
8738:1559 in England
8733:1558 in England
8723:
8722:
8721:
8716:
8704:
8696:
8640:Oxford Movement
8573:Canonical hours
8536:
8517:salvific nature
8508:Paschal mystery
8465:Blood of Christ
8442:
8356:
8250:Anglican Missal
8207:Altar of repose
8191:
8183:
8174:Lesser Festival
8159:Principal Feast
8136:All Saints' Day
8076:Paschal Triduum
7950:
7948:Liturgical year
7942:
7807:
7759:Sunday Services
7732:
7573:communion table
7557:
7484:
7475:Service (music)
7445:Fraction anthem
7421:
7101:Apostles' Creed
7081:
7017:Solemn Collects
6856:Evening Prayer
6843:Morning Prayer
6826:
6823:
6793:
6788:
6738:
6725:Christian right
6627:Oxford Movement
6602:Restorationists
6573:
6488:
6421:
6356:
6307:Presbyterianism
6278:
6258:Book of Concord
6209:
6133:
6131:
6123:
5890:
5780:
5773:
5609:
5508:
5500:
5459:Clement of Rome
5389:
5382:
5286:
5280:
5169:
5151:
5146:
5104:
5078:
5056:
5053:
5051:Further reading
5048:
5042:
5012:
4938:
4909:Ratcliff, E. C.
4902:
4881:
4844:
4825:
4801:
4785:Marshall, Peter
4777:
4752:
4719:
4718:
4677:
4656:
4634:
4613:
4588:
4567:
4543:
4506:
4468:
4436:
4417:
4412:
4404:
4400:
4392:
4388:
4382:MacCulloch 2001
4380:
4376:
4370:MacCulloch 2001
4368:
4364:
4356:
4349:
4341:
4337:
4329:
4325:
4317:
4313:
4305:
4301:
4293:
4289:
4281:
4277:
4269:
4262:
4254:
4247:
4239:
4235:
4227:
4223:
4215:
4211:
4203:
4199:
4193:MacCulloch 2001
4191:
4187:
4181:MacCulloch 2001
4179:
4175:
4169:MacCulloch 2001
4167:
4163:
4157:MacCulloch 2001
4155:
4151:
4145:MacCulloch 2001
4143:
4139:
4133:MacCulloch 2001
4131:
4127:
4121:MacCulloch 2001
4119:
4115:
4109:MacCulloch 2001
4107:
4103:
4095:
4091:
4083:
4079:
4073:MacCulloch 2001
4071:
4067:
4059:
4055:
4049:MacCulloch 2001
4047:
4043:
4037:MacCulloch 2001
4035:
4031:
4023:
4019:
4011:
4007:
3999:
3992:
3986:MacCulloch 2001
3984:
3977:
3969:
3965:
3957:
3953:
3945:
3938:
3930:
3926:
3918:
3914:
3906:
3902:
3894:
3890:
3882:
3875:
3867:
3863:
3855:
3851:
3843:
3836:
3828:
3824:
3816:
3812:
3806:MacCulloch 2001
3804:
3797:
3789:
3785:
3777:
3773:
3765:
3761:
3753:
3746:
3738:
3734:
3726:
3722:
3714:
3710:
3702:
3698:
3690:
3686:
3678:
3674:
3668:Williamson 2018
3666:
3662:
3654:
3650:
3642:
3638:
3630:
3626:
3618:
3614:
3602:
3598:
3590:
3586:
3578:
3574:
3566:
3562:
3554:
3550:
3542:
3538:
3532:MacCulloch 2005
3530:
3526:
3518:
3511:
3503:
3499:
3491:
3487:
3479:
3475:
3467:
3463:
3455:
3451:
3447:, pp. 3–4.
3443:
3439:
3431:
3427:
3419:
3408:
3399:
3395:
3389:MacCulloch 2001
3387:
3380:
3374:MacCulloch 2001
3372:
3368:
3351:
3347:
3339:
3332:
3324:
3317:
3309:
3305:
3297:
3290:
3282:
3278:
3270:
3261:
3253:
3249:
3241:
3234:
3226:
3219:
3211:
3207:
3199:
3195:
3187:
3183:
3175:
3171:
3163:
3159:
3151:
3144:
3136:
3132:
3124:
3120:
3112:
3108:
3100:
3096:
3088:
3081:
3073:
3066:
3060:MacCulloch 2005
3058:
3049:
3043:MacCulloch 2001
3041:
3034:
3028:MacCulloch 2005
3026:
3022:
3014:
3010:
3002:
2998:
2990:
2986:
2978:
2974:
2966:
2962:
2954:
2950:
2944:MacCulloch 2001
2942:
2938:
2932:MacCulloch 1996
2930:
2926:
2918:
2914:
2906:
2902:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2881:
2870:
2863:
2828:
2689:burning incense
2626:
2616:
2592:Hadrian Saravia
2504:. In November,
2479:stranger church
2468:Earl of Warwick
2384:
2374:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2320:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2277:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2263:Robert Woodford
2238:Increase Mather
2228:Anne Hutchinson
2213:Oliver Cromwell
2203:Anne Bradstreet
2182:
2172:
2171:
2166:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2106:
2098:
2097:
2096:
2031:
2023:
2022:
2021:
2001:
1993:
1992:
1991:
1961:
1953:
1952:
1951:
1911:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1826:
1818:
1778:
1739:English College
1631:
1617:
1600:
1560:
1554:
1495:metrical psalms
1488:
1350:
1257:Anthony Kitchin
1245:
1240:
1193:reformed Zurich
1168:
1052:
1044:Main articles:
1031:
1018:by the Crown's
968:
962:
935:papal supremacy
923:royal supremacy
915:Lords Spiritual
892:
887:
823:Owen Oglethorpe
810:
790:, statues) and
759:; instead, the
682:Catholic Church
655:
637:
557:. In 1571, the
512:, becoming the
506:Catholic Church
447:
418:
417:
416:
397:Oxford Movement
381:
373:
372:
371:
333:
325:
324:
323:
298:
290:
289:
288:
250:
242:
241:
240:
187:
177:
176:
175:
119:
109:
108:
107:
82:
74:
30:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8786:
8776:
8775:
8770:
8765:
8760:
8755:
8750:
8745:
8740:
8735:
8718:
8717:
8715:
8714:
8701:
8698:
8697:
8695:
8694:
8689:
8684:
8682:Thomas Cranmer
8679:
8674:
8669:
8664:
8659:
8654:
8649:
8642:
8637:
8632:
8627:
8622:
8620:Latitudinarian
8617:
8612:
8611:
8610:
8605:
8595:
8590:
8585:
8580:
8575:
8570:
8565:
8560:
8555:
8550:
8544:
8542:
8538:
8537:
8535:
8534:
8529:
8524:
8519:
8510:
8505:
8495:
8490:
8483:
8481:means of grace
8474:
8467:
8458:
8452:
8450:
8444:
8443:
8441:
8440:
8435:
8430:
8425:
8423:Open communion
8420:
8415:
8410:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8377:Versus populum
8366:
8364:
8358:
8357:
8355:
8354:
8349:
8344:
8339:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8319:
8314:
8309:
8304:
8299:
8297:English Missal
8294:
8289:
8284:
8283:
8282:
8277:
8267:
8262:
8257:
8252:
8247:
8246:
8245:
8238:
8231:
8219:
8214:
8209:
8204:
8198:
8196:
8185:
8184:
8182:
8181:
8176:
8171:
8166:
8161:
8155:
8154:
8153:
8152:
8146:Stir-up Sunday
8143:
8138:
8115:
8114:
8113:
8108:
8096:
8095:
8094:
8073:
8061:
8060:
8059:
8054:
8052:Passion Sunday
8049:
8047:Laetare Sunday
8044:
8032:
8027:
8020:
8019:
8018:
8013:
8008:
7996:
7995:
7994:
7989:
7977:
7976:
7975:
7973:Gaudete Sunday
7970:
7957:
7955:
7944:
7943:
7941:
7940:
7935:
7930:
7925:
7920:
7915:
7910:
7908:Pectoral cross
7905:
7900:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7880:
7875:
7870:
7865:
7860:
7855:
7850:
7845:
7843:Canterbury cap
7840:
7835:
7830:
7824:
7822:
7809:
7808:
7806:
7805:
7800:
7799:
7798:
7788:
7783:
7776:
7773:Common Worship
7769:
7762:
7755:
7750:
7742:
7740:
7734:
7733:
7731:
7730:
7725:
7720:
7715:
7710:
7708:Sanctuary lamp
7705:
7700:
7691:
7686:
7681:
7676:
7671:
7666:
7661:
7656:
7651:
7646:
7641:
7636:
7631:
7622:
7620:Baptismal font
7617:
7612:
7607:
7606:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7590:
7585:
7580:
7565:
7563:
7559:
7558:
7556:
7555:
7550:
7545:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7515:
7510:
7505:
7504:
7503:
7492:
7490:
7486:
7485:
7483:
7482:
7477:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7457:
7452:
7447:
7442:
7437:
7435:Anglican chant
7431:
7429:
7423:
7422:
7420:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7403:
7402:
7397:
7387:
7382:
7381:
7380:
7375:
7365:
7360:
7358:Holy Communion
7355:
7350:
7345:
7343:Bidding-prayer
7340:
7339:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7318:
7308:
7304:
7303:
7296:
7291:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7245:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7198:
7197:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7176:
7175:
7170:
7160:
7155:
7150:
7145:
7140:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7114:
7113:
7103:
7098:
7093:
7089:
7087:
7083:
7082:
7080:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7068:
7067:
7062:
7052:
7051:
7050:
7049:
7048:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7025:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7013:
7012:
6997:
6996:
6995:
6985:
6980:
6969:
6964:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6937:
6936:
6935:
6925:
6920:
6919:
6918:
6908:
6907:
6906:
6904:Minor exorcism
6896:
6891:
6886:
6882:
6881:
6870:
6869:
6861:
6853:
6848:
6840:
6834:
6832:
6828:
6827:
6822:
6821:
6814:
6807:
6799:
6790:
6789:
6787:
6786:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6766:
6761:
6760:
6759:
6754:
6743:
6740:
6739:
6737:
6736:
6731:
6722:
6712:
6707:
6702:
6697:
6692:
6690:Pentecostalism
6687:
6685:Jesus movement
6682:
6674:
6669:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6649:
6644:
6639:
6634:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6609:
6604:
6599:
6594:
6589:
6583:
6581:
6575:
6574:
6572:
6571:
6562:
6561:
6560:
6550:
6545:
6540:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6524:
6523:
6513:
6508:
6502:
6500:
6494:
6493:
6490:
6489:
6487:
6486:
6479:
6476:Martyrs Mirror
6472:
6467:
6462:
6460:Martyrs' Synod
6457:
6452:
6450:Swiss Brethren
6447:
6442:
6437:
6431:
6429:
6423:
6422:
6420:
6419:
6414:
6407:
6402:
6397:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6372:
6366:
6364:
6358:
6357:
6355:
6354:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6334:
6329:
6324:
6319:
6314:
6309:
6304:
6299:
6294:
6288:
6286:
6280:
6279:
6277:
6276:
6271:
6266:
6261:
6254:
6249:
6248:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6219:
6217:
6208:
6207:
6202:
6197:
6195:Law and Gospel
6192:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6172:
6171:
6170:
6160:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6139:
6137:
6125:
6124:
6122:
6121:
6120:
6119:
6109:
6104:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6083:
6082:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6007:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5986:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5950:
5949:
5948:
5947:
5946:
5936:
5931:
5926:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5900:
5898:
5892:
5891:
5889:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5876:Ottoman Empire
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5827:
5826:
5821:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5785:
5783:
5775:
5774:
5772:
5771:
5766:
5765:
5764:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5725:
5720:
5715:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5690:
5689:
5688:
5687:
5677:
5672:
5667:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5636:
5635:
5630:
5619:
5617:
5611:
5610:
5608:
5607:
5605:Biblical canon
5602:
5601:
5600:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5560:
5559:
5554:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5528:
5527:
5516:
5514:
5506:Late antiquity
5502:
5501:
5499:
5498:
5493:
5492:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5454:Church Fathers
5447:
5442:
5437:
5436:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5394:
5392:
5384:
5383:
5381:
5380:
5379:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5327:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5306:
5296:
5290:
5288:
5282:
5281:
5279:
5278:
5273:
5268:
5263:
5258:
5253:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5223:
5218:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5183:
5177:
5175:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5167:
5162:
5156:
5153:
5152:
5145:
5144:
5137:
5130:
5122:
5116:
5115:
5110:
5103:
5102:External links
5100:
5099:
5098:
5076:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5046:
5040:
5025:
5016:
5010:
4993:
4979:
4967:10.1086/343369
4959:10.1086/343369
4942:
4936:
4917:
4915:. Grove Books.
4905:
4900:
4885:
4879:
4860:
4848:
4842:
4829:
4824:978-0819214065
4823:
4805:
4800:978-0300170627
4799:
4781:
4775:
4756:
4751:978-0521793872
4750:
4736:Maltby, Judith
4732:
4681:
4676:978-0333921395
4675:
4660:
4654:
4638:
4632:
4617:
4611:
4592:
4586:
4571:
4565:
4547:
4541:
4522:
4510:
4504:
4484:
4476:Dickens, A. G.
4472:
4466:
4451:
4440:
4434:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4410:
4398:
4386:
4374:
4362:
4360:, p. 236.
4347:
4335:
4333:, p. 235.
4323:
4311:
4299:
4287:
4275:
4260:
4245:
4233:
4221:
4209:
4197:
4185:
4173:
4161:
4149:
4137:
4125:
4113:
4101:
4099:, p. 506.
4089:
4087:, p. 505.
4077:
4065:
4063:, p. 504.
4053:
4041:
4029:
4017:
4015:, p. 479.
4005:
3990:
3975:
3973:, p. 266.
3963:
3961:, p. 263.
3951:
3949:, p. 262.
3936:
3934:, p. 261.
3924:
3922:, p. 495.
3912:
3900:
3898:, p. 465.
3888:
3886:, p. 259.
3873:
3871:, p. 256.
3861:
3859:, p. 255.
3849:
3847:, p. 254.
3834:
3822:
3820:, p. 253.
3810:
3795:
3783:
3781:, p. 291.
3771:
3759:
3757:, p. 252.
3744:
3732:
3730:, p. 500.
3720:
3708:
3706:, p. 229.
3704:Quitslund 2016
3696:
3692:Sternhold 1705
3684:
3672:
3670:, p. 421.
3660:
3648:
3636:
3624:
3622:, p. 123.
3612:
3596:
3584:
3582:, p. 443.
3572:
3560:
3558:, p. 452.
3548:
3546:, p. 244.
3536:
3524:
3522:, p. 445.
3509:
3507:, p. 444.
3497:
3495:, p. 440.
3485:
3483:, p. 438.
3473:
3461:
3449:
3437:
3435:, p. 109.
3425:
3423:, p. 242.
3406:
3393:
3378:
3366:
3354:Ratcliff (1980
3345:
3330:
3328:, p. 434.
3315:
3303:
3301:, p. 241.
3288:
3286:, p. 432.
3276:
3274:, p. 433.
3259:
3247:
3245:, p. 430.
3232:
3230:, p. 240.
3217:
3215:, p. 428.
3205:
3193:
3191:, p. 427.
3181:
3179:, p. 426.
3169:
3167:, p. 199.
3157:
3155:, p. 239.
3142:
3130:
3128:, p. 419.
3118:
3116:, p. 238.
3106:
3104:, p. 200.
3094:
3092:, p. 425.
3079:
3077:, p. 423.
3064:
3047:
3032:
3020:
3008:
2996:
2994:, p. 458.
2984:
2982:, p. 348.
2972:
2960:
2958:, p. 475.
2948:
2946:, p. 112.
2936:
2934:, p. 210.
2924:
2922:, p. 308.
2912:
2910:, p. 181.
2900:
2898:, p. 168.
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2860:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2827:
2824:
2820:latitudinarian
2802:Richard Hooker
2759:Great Ejection
2709:Arminian party
2701:Church Fathers
2685:predestination
2615:
2612:
2475:4th Parliament
2460:Walter Mildmay
2439:Advertisements
2380:Main article:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2365:
2358:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2342:
2341:
2335:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2308:
2301:
2294:
2287:
2279:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2271:
2270:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2253:Roger Williams
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2108:
2107:
2104:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2087:Great Ejection
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1959:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1910:Crucial themes
1909:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1824:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1804:
1796:
1795:
1789:
1788:
1777:
1774:
1697:excommunicated
1652:Thomas Harding
1616:
1613:
1599:
1596:
1553:
1550:
1487:
1484:
1386:Richard Davies
1382:Thomas Bentham
1349:
1346:
1316:William Barlow
1292:Edmund Grindal
1276:Matthew Parker
1265:Thomas Stanley
1244:
1241:
1239:
1238:Implementation
1236:
1216:Paul C. H. Lim
1167:
1164:
1038:Thomas Cranmer
1030:
1027:
993:Thomas Sampson
964:Main article:
961:
958:
911:House of Lords
891:
888:
886:
883:
867:English Litany
809:
806:
723:by performing
719:towards their
651:Main article:
636:
633:
449:
448:
446:
445:
438:
431:
423:
420:
419:
415:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
383:
382:
379:
378:
375:
374:
370:
369:
364:
362:Great Ejection
359:
351:
346:
341:
335:
334:
331:
330:
327:
326:
322:
321:
316:
311:
306:
300:
299:
296:
295:
292:
291:
287:
286:
281:
273:
268:
263:
258:
252:
251:
248:
247:
244:
243:
239:
238:
233:
228:
226:Richard Hooker
223:
218:
213:
208:
203:
198:
189:
188:
183:
182:
179:
178:
174:
173:
168:
163:
158:
150:
145:
137:
135:Thomas Cranmer
132:
127:
121:
120:
115:
114:
111:
110:
106:
105:
100:
95:
90:
84:
83:
80:
79:
76:
75:
66:
58:
57:
51:
50:
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8785:
8774:
8771:
8769:
8766:
8764:
8761:
8759:
8756:
8754:
8751:
8749:
8746:
8744:
8741:
8739:
8736:
8734:
8731:
8730:
8728:
8713:
8708:
8703:
8702:
8699:
8693:
8690:
8688:
8685:
8683:
8680:
8678:
8675:
8673:
8670:
8668:
8665:
8663:
8660:
8658:
8655:
8653:
8650:
8648:
8647:
8643:
8641:
8638:
8636:
8633:
8631:
8628:
8626:
8623:
8621:
8618:
8616:
8615:John Merbecke
8613:
8609:
8606:
8604:
8601:
8600:
8599:
8596:
8594:
8591:
8589:
8588:Churchmanship
8586:
8584:
8581:
8579:
8576:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8561:
8559:
8556:
8554:
8551:
8549:
8546:
8545:
8543:
8539:
8533:
8530:
8528:
8525:
8523:
8522:Real presence
8520:
8518:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8503:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8488:
8484:
8482:
8478:
8475:
8473:
8472:
8468:
8466:
8462:
8459:
8457:
8454:
8453:
8451:
8449:
8445:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8429:
8426:
8424:
8421:
8419:
8416:
8414:
8411:
8409:
8406:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8379:
8378:
8373:
8372:
8368:
8367:
8365:
8363:
8359:
8353:
8350:
8348:
8345:
8343:
8340:
8338:
8335:
8333:
8330:
8328:
8325:
8323:
8320:
8318:
8315:
8313:
8310:
8308:
8307:Hymns to Mary
8305:
8303:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8293:
8290:
8288:
8285:
8281:
8278:
8276:
8273:
8272:
8271:
8268:
8266:
8263:
8261:
8258:
8256:
8253:
8251:
8248:
8244:
8243:
8239:
8237:
8236:
8232:
8230:
8229:
8225:
8224:
8223:
8220:
8218:
8215:
8213:
8210:
8208:
8205:
8203:
8200:
8199:
8197:
8195:
8190:
8186:
8180:
8179:Commemoration
8177:
8175:
8172:
8170:
8167:
8165:
8162:
8160:
8157:
8156:
8151:
8147:
8144:
8142:
8139:
8137:
8134:
8133:
8130:
8126:
8121:
8120:
8116:
8112:
8109:
8107:
8104:
8103:
8102:
8101:
8097:
8093:
8089:
8088:Holy Saturday
8085:
8081:
8080:Holy Thursday
8077:
8074:
8072:
8069:
8068:
8067:
8066:
8062:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8042:Ash Wednesday
8040:
8039:
8038:
8037:
8033:
8031:
8028:
8026:
8025:
8021:
8017:
8014:
8012:
8009:
8007:
8004:
8003:
8002:
8001:
7997:
7993:
7992:Midnight Mass
7990:
7988:
7985:
7984:
7983:
7982:
7981:Christmastide
7978:
7974:
7971:
7969:
7968:Advent Sunday
7966:
7965:
7964:
7963:
7959:
7958:
7956:
7954:
7949:
7945:
7939:
7936:
7934:
7931:
7929:
7926:
7924:
7921:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7911:
7909:
7906:
7904:
7901:
7899:
7896:
7894:
7891:
7889:
7886:
7884:
7881:
7879:
7876:
7874:
7871:
7869:
7866:
7864:
7861:
7859:
7856:
7854:
7851:
7849:
7846:
7844:
7841:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7825:
7823:
7819:
7814:
7810:
7804:
7801:
7797:
7794:
7793:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7781:
7777:
7775:
7774:
7770:
7768:
7767:
7763:
7761:
7760:
7756:
7754:
7751:
7749:
7748:
7744:
7743:
7741:
7739:
7735:
7729:
7726:
7724:
7721:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7711:
7709:
7706:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7695:
7692:
7690:
7687:
7685:
7682:
7680:
7677:
7675:
7672:
7670:
7667:
7665:
7662:
7660:
7657:
7655:
7652:
7650:
7647:
7645:
7642:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7630:
7629:Communion cup
7626:
7623:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7596:
7594:
7591:
7589:
7586:
7584:
7581:
7579:
7576:
7575:
7574:
7570:
7567:
7566:
7564:
7560:
7554:
7551:
7549:
7546:
7544:
7541:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7514:
7511:
7509:
7506:
7502:
7499:
7498:
7497:
7494:
7493:
7491:
7487:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7456:
7453:
7451:
7448:
7446:
7443:
7441:
7438:
7436:
7433:
7432:
7430:
7428:
7424:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7407:Sign of peace
7405:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7392:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7379:
7376:
7374:
7371:
7370:
7369:
7366:
7364:
7361:
7359:
7356:
7354:
7351:
7349:
7346:
7344:
7341:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7317:
7314:
7313:
7312:
7309:
7306:
7305:
7302:
7301:
7297:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7289:
7288:Phos hilarion
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7277:Nunc dimittis
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:Divine Office
7247:
7246:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7196:
7193:
7192:
7191:
7190:Lord's Prayer
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7174:
7171:
7169:
7166:
7165:
7164:
7161:
7159:
7156:
7154:
7151:
7149:
7146:
7144:
7141:
7139:
7136:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7121:
7119:
7116:
7112:
7109:
7108:
7107:
7104:
7102:
7099:
7097:
7094:
7091:
7090:
7088:
7084:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7057:
7056:
7053:
7047:
7046:
7042:
7041:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7011:
7008:
7007:
7006:
7003:
7002:
7001:
6998:
6994:
6991:
6990:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6962:
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6934:
6931:
6930:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6917:
6914:
6913:
6912:
6909:
6905:
6902:
6901:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6889:Advent wreath
6887:
6884:
6883:
6877:
6876:
6872:
6871:
6868:
6864:Night Prayer
6862:
6860:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6835:
6833:
6829:
6820:
6815:
6813:
6808:
6806:
6801:
6800:
6797:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6779:Protestantism
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6767:
6765:
6762:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6749:
6748:
6745:
6744:
6741:
6735:
6732:
6730:
6726:
6723:
6720:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6701:
6698:
6696:
6693:
6691:
6688:
6686:
6683:
6681:
6680:
6675:
6673:
6670:
6668:
6665:
6663:
6660:
6658:
6655:
6653:
6652:Azusa Revival
6650:
6648:
6645:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6632:Laestadianism
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6595:
6593:
6590:
6588:
6585:
6584:
6582:
6580:
6576:
6570:
6569:Old Lutherans
6566:
6563:
6559:
6556:
6555:
6554:
6551:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6522:
6519:
6518:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6503:
6501:
6499:
6495:
6485:
6484:
6480:
6478:
6477:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6456:
6453:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6432:
6430:
6428:
6424:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6412:
6408:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6396:
6393:
6391:
6388:
6386:
6383:
6381:
6378:
6376:
6373:
6371:
6368:
6367:
6365:
6363:
6359:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6328:
6325:
6323:
6320:
6318:
6315:
6313:
6310:
6308:
6305:
6303:
6300:
6298:
6295:
6293:
6290:
6289:
6287:
6285:
6281:
6275:
6272:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6260:
6259:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6235:Diet of Worms
6233:
6231:
6230:
6226:
6225:
6224:
6221:
6220:
6218:
6216:
6212:
6206:
6203:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6191:
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6169:
6166:
6165:
6164:
6161:
6159:
6156:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6146:
6144:
6141:
6140:
6138:
6136:
6135:Protestantism
6130:
6126:
6118:
6115:
6114:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6081:
6078:
6077:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5996:
5993:
5991:
5988:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5955:
5954:
5951:
5945:
5942:
5941:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5921:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5901:
5899:
5897:
5893:
5887:
5886:North America
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5816:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5786:
5784:
5782:
5776:
5770:
5767:
5763:
5760:
5759:
5758:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5686:
5683:
5682:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5662:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5625:
5624:
5621:
5620:
5618:
5616:
5612:
5606:
5603:
5599:
5595:
5592:
5591:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5549:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5526:
5523:
5522:
5521:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5507:
5503:
5497:
5496:Early African
5494:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5479:Justin Martyr
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5456:
5455:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5400:
5399:
5396:
5395:
5393:
5391:
5385:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5353:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5305:
5302:
5301:
5300:
5299:Life of Jesus
5297:
5295:
5292:
5291:
5289:
5287:Apostolic Age
5283:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5178:
5176:
5172:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5157:
5154:
5150:
5143:
5138:
5136:
5131:
5129:
5124:
5123:
5120:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5105:
5095:
5091:
5087:
5086:
5081:
5077:
5073:
5069:
5065:
5064:
5059:
5055:
5054:
5043:
5037:
5033:
5032:
5026:
5022:
5017:
5013:
5011:9780511675874
5007:
5003:
4999:
4994:
4990:
4989:
4984:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4968:
4964:
4960:
4956:
4952:
4948:
4943:
4939:
4933:
4929:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4914:
4910:
4906:
4903:
4901:9781409440307
4897:
4894:, Routledge,
4893:
4892:
4886:
4882:
4880:9780861932726
4876:
4872:
4868:
4867:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4849:
4845:
4843:0-87243-139-8
4839:
4835:
4830:
4826:
4820:
4816:
4815:
4810:
4806:
4802:
4796:
4792:
4791:
4786:
4782:
4778:
4772:
4768:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4753:
4747:
4743:
4742:
4737:
4733:
4729:
4723:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4691:
4687:
4682:
4678:
4672:
4668:
4667:
4661:
4657:
4655:9780300226577
4651:
4647:
4643:
4639:
4635:
4629:
4625:
4624:
4618:
4614:
4608:
4604:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4589:
4587:9781315551388
4583:
4579:
4578:
4572:
4568:
4562:
4558:
4557:
4552:
4548:
4544:
4538:
4534:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4511:
4507:
4501:
4496:
4495:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4473:
4469:
4463:
4459:
4458:
4452:
4448:
4447:
4446:Great Service
4441:
4437:
4435:9780199740871
4431:
4427:
4426:
4420:
4419:
4408:, p. 403
4407:
4402:
4396:, p. 94.
4395:
4390:
4384:, p. 86.
4383:
4378:
4372:, p. 85.
4371:
4366:
4359:
4354:
4352:
4345:, p. 92.
4344:
4339:
4332:
4327:
4321:, p. 27.
4320:
4315:
4309:, p. 54.
4308:
4303:
4297:, p. 61.
4296:
4291:
4285:, p. 89.
4284:
4279:
4273:, p. 88.
4272:
4267:
4265:
4258:, p. 50.
4257:
4252:
4250:
4242:
4237:
4231:, p. 49.
4230:
4225:
4218:
4213:
4207:, p. 48.
4206:
4201:
4194:
4189:
4182:
4177:
4171:, p. 42.
4170:
4165:
4159:, p. 41.
4158:
4153:
4147:, p. 50.
4146:
4141:
4135:, p. 38.
4134:
4129:
4123:, p. 43.
4122:
4117:
4110:
4105:
4098:
4097:Marshall 2017
4093:
4086:
4085:Marshall 2017
4081:
4075:, p. 33.
4074:
4069:
4062:
4061:Marshall 2017
4057:
4051:, p. 48.
4050:
4045:
4038:
4033:
4026:
4025:Marshall 2017
4021:
4014:
4013:Marshall 2017
4009:
4003:, p. 47.
4002:
3997:
3995:
3988:, p. 28.
3987:
3982:
3980:
3972:
3967:
3960:
3955:
3948:
3943:
3941:
3933:
3928:
3921:
3920:Marshall 2017
3916:
3909:
3908:Marshall 2017
3904:
3897:
3896:Marshall 2017
3892:
3885:
3880:
3878:
3870:
3865:
3858:
3853:
3846:
3841:
3839:
3831:
3830:Marshall 2017
3826:
3819:
3814:
3808:, p. 30.
3807:
3802:
3800:
3793:, p. 11.
3792:
3787:
3780:
3775:
3768:
3767:Marshall 2017
3763:
3756:
3751:
3749:
3741:
3740:Marshall 2017
3736:
3729:
3728:Marshall 2017
3724:
3717:
3712:
3705:
3700:
3693:
3688:
3682:, p. 39.
3681:
3676:
3669:
3664:
3658:, p. 33.
3657:
3652:
3646:, p. 28.
3645:
3640:
3634:, p. 86.
3633:
3628:
3621:
3616:
3610:
3606:
3600:
3593:
3588:
3581:
3580:Marshall 2017
3576:
3569:
3564:
3557:
3556:Marshall 2017
3552:
3545:
3540:
3534:, p. 26.
3533:
3528:
3521:
3520:Marshall 2017
3516:
3514:
3506:
3505:Marshall 2017
3501:
3494:
3493:Marshall 2017
3489:
3482:
3481:Marshall 2017
3477:
3470:
3469:Marshall 2017
3465:
3458:
3457:Marshall 2017
3453:
3446:
3441:
3434:
3429:
3422:
3417:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3403:
3397:
3391:, p. 27.
3390:
3385:
3383:
3376:, p. 26.
3375:
3370:
3363:
3359:
3355:
3349:
3343:, p. 61.
3342:
3337:
3335:
3327:
3326:Marshall 2017
3322:
3320:
3312:
3307:
3300:
3295:
3293:
3285:
3284:Marshall 2017
3280:
3273:
3272:Marshall 2017
3268:
3266:
3264:
3256:
3255:Marshall 2017
3251:
3244:
3243:Marshall 2017
3239:
3237:
3229:
3224:
3222:
3214:
3213:Marshall 2017
3209:
3202:
3197:
3190:
3189:Marshall 2017
3185:
3178:
3177:Marshall 2017
3173:
3166:
3161:
3154:
3149:
3147:
3139:
3138:Marshall 2017
3134:
3127:
3126:Marshall 2017
3122:
3115:
3110:
3103:
3098:
3091:
3090:Marshall 2017
3086:
3084:
3076:
3075:Marshall 2017
3071:
3069:
3062:, p. 88.
3061:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3045:, p. 25.
3044:
3039:
3037:
3030:, p. 89.
3029:
3024:
3017:
3012:
3005:
3000:
2993:
2988:
2981:
2980:Marshall 2017
2976:
2970:, p. 12.
2969:
2964:
2957:
2952:
2945:
2940:
2933:
2928:
2921:
2920:Marshall 2017
2916:
2909:
2904:
2897:
2892:
2888:
2873:
2867:
2862:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2823:
2821:
2817:
2816:
2809:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2794:
2787:
2782:
2778:
2776:
2772:
2771:Presbyterians
2768:
2764:
2760:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2694:
2693:Richard Neile
2690:
2686:
2682:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2670:
2664:
2660:
2651:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2635:
2631:
2625:
2621:
2620:Stuart period
2611:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2588:Thomas Bilson
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2567:
2564:
2559:
2550:
2546:
2544:
2540:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2518:John Whitgift
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2486:Thomas Wilcox
2482:
2480:
2476:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2448:
2442:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2408:
2404:
2402:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2371:
2366:
2364:
2359:
2357:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2316:
2315:
2307:
2306:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2298:Paradise Lost
2295:
2293:
2292:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2273:
2272:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2258:John Winthrop
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2248:Thomas Parker
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2233:Cotton Mather
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2218:John Endecott
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2188:Peter Bulkley
2186:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2162:
2161:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2102:
2101:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2047:Marian exiles
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2034:
2027:
2026:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2004:
1997:
1996:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1957:
1956:
1948:
1947:Merton thesis
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1937:Puritan choir
1935:
1933:
1932:Millennialism
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1922:Impropriation
1920:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1907:
1906:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1882:Nonconformism
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1837:Protestantism
1835:
1833:
1830:
1829:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1808:
1802:
1798:
1797:
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1790:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1773:
1769:
1767:
1762:
1761:
1754:
1752:
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1736:
1732:
1726:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1690:In 1569, the
1688:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1668:
1665:
1661:
1660:William Allen
1657:
1656:Richard Smyth
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1630:
1621:
1612:
1610:
1609:Judith Maltby
1604:
1595:
1592:
1587:
1586:
1580:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1549:
1547:
1543:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1519:
1518:Great Service
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1496:
1492:
1483:
1480:
1474:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1403:
1399:
1396:, images and
1395:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1359:
1354:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1288:Marian exiles
1285:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1270:
1269:Sodor and Man
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1249:Cardinal Pole
1235:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1224:church choirs
1221:
1217:
1213:
1210:. Historians
1209:
1205:
1201:
1196:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1177:
1173:
1172:Puritan Choir
1163:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1051:
1047:
1039:
1035:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
986:
980:
978:
974:
967:
957:
955:
951:
947:
942:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
901:
896:
882:
880:
876:
872:
868:
862:
860:
856:
855:Privy Council
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
805:
803:
799:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
766:promoted the
765:
764:
758:
754:
750:
749:Real Presence
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
705:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
654:
646:
641:
632:
630:
626:
625:
620:
616:
611:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
572:
570:
569:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
543:
538:
534:
530:
526:
521:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
482:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
444:
439:
437:
432:
430:
425:
424:
422:
421:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
384:
377:
376:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
356:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
336:
329:
328:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
301:
294:
293:
285:
282:
280:
278:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
253:
246:
245:
237:
234:
232:
229:
227:
224:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
202:
199:
197:
195:
191:
190:
186:
181:
180:
172:
171:Marian exiles
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
155:
151:
149:
146:
144:
142:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
122:
118:
113:
112:
104:
101:
99:
96:
94:
91:
89:
86:
85:
78:
77:
73:
69:
64:
60:
59:
56:
53:
52:
48:
44:
43:
36:
32:
27:
19:
8644:
8602:
8527:Receptionism
8485:
8469:
8456:Black Rubric
8408:Genuflection
8375:
8369:
8302:Humeral veil
8240:
8233:
8226:
8222:Anglican Use
8128:
8124:
8117:
8098:
8063:
8034:
8022:
8000:Epiphanytide
7998:
7979:
7960:
7778:
7771:
7764:
7757:
7745:
7728:Wedding ring
7501:altar server
7489:Participants
7465:Mass (music)
7363:Nicene Creed
7298:
7286:
7043:
7039:Easter Vigil
7010:for the Jews
6993:Foot washing
6959:
6940:Consecration
6928:Confirmation
6873:
6838:Daily Office
6695:Charismatics
6678:
6657:Gospel music
6587:Camp meeting
6579:1789–present
6511:Missionaries
6481:
6474:
6465:Menno Simons
6409:
6405:Church music
6384:
6256:
6227:
6112:Conciliarism
6097:Papal Schism
5939:Scandinavian
5831:Great Schism
5809:Nestorianism
5781:Christianity
5713:priest holes
5594:Chalcedonian
5557:Christianity
5511:Great Church
5319:Resurrection
5084:
5062:
5030:
5020:
5001:
4987:
4950:
4946:
4925:
4912:
4890:
4865:
4855:
4833:
4813:
4789:
4764:
4740:
4722:cite journal
4689:
4685:
4665:
4645:
4622:
4600:
4576:
4555:
4530:
4517:
4514:Dix, Gregory
4493:
4488:Duffy, Eamon
4479:
4456:
4445:
4424:
4415:Bibliography
4406:Dickens 1967
4401:
4394:Gregory 2006
4389:
4377:
4365:
4338:
4326:
4314:
4302:
4295:Hefling 2006
4290:
4278:
4236:
4224:
4219:, p. 6.
4212:
4200:
4188:
4176:
4164:
4152:
4140:
4128:
4116:
4104:
4092:
4080:
4068:
4056:
4044:
4032:
4020:
4008:
3966:
3954:
3927:
3915:
3903:
3891:
3864:
3852:
3825:
3813:
3786:
3774:
3762:
3735:
3723:
3711:
3699:
3694:, p. 1.
3687:
3675:
3663:
3651:
3639:
3627:
3615:
3608:
3607:in the 1911
3599:
3587:
3575:
3563:
3551:
3539:
3527:
3500:
3488:
3476:
3464:
3452:
3440:
3428:
3396:
3369:
3357:
3348:
3341:Moorman 1983
3306:
3279:
3250:
3208:
3196:
3184:
3172:
3165:Moorman 1973
3160:
3133:
3121:
3109:
3102:Moorman 1973
3097:
3023:
3016:Moorman 1973
3011:
2999:
2987:
2975:
2968:Winship 2018
2963:
2951:
2939:
2927:
2915:
2903:
2896:Moorman 1973
2891:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2796:writes that
2790:
2743:
2736:
2724:William Laud
2717:
2711:, but their
2678:
2668:
2656:
2637:
2627:
2598:
2596:
2580:John Bridges
2572:service book
2568:
2563:conservative
2562:
2555:
2539:presbyteries
2534:Admonition's
2533:
2522:pamphlet war
2505:
2493:
2483:
2472:
2445:
2443:
2424:wedding ring
2413:
2385:
2303:
2296:
2289:
2282:
2142:Praying town
2091:
1877:Independents
1832:Christianity
1806:
1770:
1759:
1755:
1734:
1727:
1719:Ridolfi plot
1704:
1689:
1669:
1632:
1605:
1601:
1591:receptionist
1583:
1581:
1561:
1545:
1539:
1516:
1513:William Byrd
1498:
1489:
1479:Churchwarden
1475:
1459:Chapel Royal
1452:
1448:east to west
1440:stone altars
1432:
1424:Rogationtide
1417:
1390:
1378:Thomas Becon
1374:Robert Horne
1363:
1339:
1338:for writing
1273:
1246:
1197:
1181:
1169:
1148:
1116:
1108:Black Rubric
1103:
1097:
1053:
1024:
1001:
997:Marian exile
981:
969:
954:royal assent
943:
904:
874:
863:
831:consecration
811:
800:
770:teaching of
762:
706:
686:supreme head
656:
622:
612:
596:presbyterian
573:
566:
561:adopted the
540:
522:
483:
454:
452:
354:
276:
193:
184:
153:
140:
67:
31:
26:
8748:Anglicanism
8672:Rood screen
8548:Agape feast
8502:Last Supper
8371:Ad orientem
8337:Roman Canon
8312:Last Gospel
8280:Benediction
8141:Kingdomtide
8129:Trinitytide
8127:instead of
8119:Trinitytide
8084:Good Friday
8071:Palm Sunday
8057:Passiontide
7893:Geneva gown
7868:Choir dress
7853:Cassock-alb
7654:Evangeliary
7615:Aspergillum
7578:Antependium
7180:Let us pray
7153:Lamb of God
7111:O Antiphons
6983:Chrism Mass
6923:Commination
6784:Catholicism
6721:Protestants
6715:Evangelical
6390:39 Articles
6385:Elizabethan
6362:Anglicanism
6342:Westminster
6252:Melanchthon
6215:Lutheranism
6180:Nicodemites
6158:Arminianism
6129:Reformation
6070:Bonaventure
6045:Inquisition
6040:Waldensians
5990:Investiture
5968:Kievan Rus'
5924:Anglo-Saxon
5904:Pelagianism
5896:Middle Ages
5819:Iconodulism
5694:Thomas More
5615:Catholicism
5537:Monasticism
5520:Constantine
5445:Persecution
5403:Adoptionism
5388:Ante-Nicene
5331:Holy Spirit
5314:Crucifixion
5285:Origins and
5186:2nd and 3rd
4852:Neale, John
4358:Maltby 1998
4343:Maltby 2006
4331:Maltby 1998
4319:Bremer 2009
4307:Spinks 2006
4283:Maltby 2006
4271:Maltby 2006
4256:Spinks 2006
4241:Spinks 2006
4229:Spinks 2006
4217:Newton 2005
4205:Spinks 2006
4001:Spinks 2006
3791:Maltby 1998
3656:Harley 2010
3644:Harley 2010
3402:Neale (1953
3360:, and also
2798:Anglicanism
2746:Restoration
2713:high church
2530:soteriology
2452:separatists
2392:John Calvin
2243:James Noyes
2208:John Cotton
2193:John Bunyan
2000:Confessions
1862:Arminianism
1857:Anglicanism
1842:Reformation
1807:The Puritan
1711:John Felton
1640:archdeacons
1527:impressment
1413:Shotteswell
1332:John Calvin
1300:Richard Cox
1280:Anne Boleyn
1226:, a formal
1212:John Coffey
1198:Historians
1176:J. E. Neale
1160:memorialism
1127:regnal year
985:John Calvin
939:sacrificial
885:Legislation
873:, the 1552
747:. Christ's
658:Elizabeth I
619:Restoration
600:high church
490:Protestants
479:Anglicanism
463:Elizabeth I
8727:Categories
8677:Sarum Rite
8418:Intinction
8327:Monstrance
8202:Altar bell
8100:Eastertide
7818:Pontifical
7791:Lectionary
7713:Tabernacle
7664:Holy water
7272:Magnificat
7267:Invitatory
7222:Responsory
7123:Confession
7077:Ordination
7022:Reproaches
6974:liturgies
6885:Occasional
6866:(Compline)
6506:Revivalism
6427:Anabaptism
6375:Henry VIII
6200:Literature
5824:Iconoclasm
5804:Chrysostom
5757:Vatican II
5723:Jansenists
5709:Mass rocks
5645:Lateran IV
5564:Athanasius
5484:Tertullian
5428:Marcionism
5423:Gnosticism
5376:Revelation
5294:Background
5080:Gee, Henry
5072:1182585959
4482:. Fontana.
3971:Haigh 1993
3959:Haigh 1993
3947:Haigh 1993
3932:Haigh 1993
3884:Haigh 1993
3869:Haigh 1993
3857:Haigh 1993
3845:Haigh 1993
3818:Haigh 1993
3779:Haigh 1993
3755:Haigh 1993
3592:Haigh 1993
3568:Haigh 1993
3544:Haigh 1993
3433:Spurr 2002
3421:Haigh 1993
3362:Dix (1948)
3311:Haigh 1993
3299:Haigh 1993
3228:Haigh 1993
3201:Haigh 1993
3153:Haigh 1993
3114:Haigh 1993
3004:Duffy 2005
2992:Duffy 2005
2956:Duffy 2005
2908:Haigh 1993
2879:References
2763:dissenters
2728:Laudianism
2492:published
2490:John Field
1825:Background
1776:Puritanism
1743:Valladolid
1715:John Story
1684:Nicodemism
1572:Anabaptist
1471:royal arms
1467:rood lofts
1366:visitation
1324:John Scory
1320:Chichester
1308:John Jewel
1284:Nicodemite
1220:cathedrals
1204:bishoprics
1083:was never
1069:Winchester
941:offering.
877:, and the
843:procession
796:iconoclasm
776:veneration
725:good works
694:Protestant
662:Henry VIII
635:Background
629:low church
592:episcopacy
529:Parliament
494:Henry VIII
314:Laudianism
70:(1749) by
8403:Headcover
8275:Adoration
8111:Pentecost
8106:Ascension
8065:Holy Week
8016:Candlemas
7987:Christmas
7938:Zucchetto
7813:Vestments
7368:Offertory
7321:Epiclesis
7316:Anamnesis
7307:Eucharist
7086:Structure
6972:Holy Week
6933:Catechism
6875:Eucharist
6845:(Mattins)
6672:Ecumenism
6622:Adventism
6612:Mormonism
6548:Millerism
6543:Methodism
6498:1640–1789
6400:Civil War
6347:Orthodoxy
6302:Huguenots
6284:Calvinism
6269:Eucharist
6264:Orthodoxy
6148:Eucharist
6080:Five Ways
6030:Dulcinian
5983:Pomerania
5909:Gregory I
5753:Vatican I
5743:Modernism
5728:Molinists
5718:Guadalupe
5589:Chalcedon
5584:Ephesus I
5574:Augustine
5450:Apostolic
5433:Montanism
5398:Diversity
5174:Centuries
5094:559639008
4975:142464028
4714:162188544
3680:Lord 2003
3632:Lord 2003
3620:Byrd 1922
2884:Citations
2815:via media
2720:Charles I
2705:free will
2434:adiaphora
2165:Elsewhere
1852:Calvinism
1672:recusants
1598:Reception
1446:oriented
1358:Jacobstow
1336:John Knox
1312:Salisbury
1251:, Mary's
1208:deaneries
1123:vestments
1075:. Bishop
1008:Scripture
989:blasphemy
946:lay peers
881:of 1553.
753:Eucharist
729:purgatory
721:salvation
698:Calvinism
690:Edward VI
680:from the
674:annulment
624:via media
608:Charles I
580:Calvinist
576:recusants
555:vestments
547:Lutherans
498:Edward VI
486:Catholics
380:1700–1950
332:1649–1688
72:Canaletto
8515:and its
8487:Koinonia
8448:Theology
8342:Thurible
8287:Ciborium
8169:Festival
8024:Pre-Lent
8006:Epiphany
7953:calendar
7923:Surplice
7883:Dalmatic
7873:Cincture
7858:Chasuble
7644:Crucifix
7518:Crucifer
7378:Oblation
7373:Sentence
7326:Fraction
7311:Anaphora
7262:Canticle
7242:Versicle
7195:Embolism
7138:Glory Be
7106:Antiphon
7096:Alleluia
7055:Marriage
7045:Exsultet
6978:Tenebrae
6967:Exorcism
6831:Services
6764:Theology
6752:Missions
6747:Timeline
6719:Mainline
6667:Pacifism
6516:Baptists
6435:Theology
6395:Puritans
6370:Timeline
6312:Scotland
6240:Theology
6087:Wycliffe
6035:Crusades
6010:Bogomils
5963:Bulgaria
5919:Germanic
5871:Ethiopia
5769:Timeline
5547:Nicaea I
5542:Councils
5474:Irenaeus
5469:Ignatius
5464:Polycarp
5418:Donatism
5413:Docetism
5408:Arianism
5309:Ministry
5082:(1898).
5060:(1904).
4985:(1705).
4911:(1980).
4854:(1953).
4811:(1973).
4787:(2017).
4738:(1998).
4644:(1996).
4553:(1993).
4520:. Dacre.
4516:(1948).
4490:(2005).
4478:(1967).
2826:See also
2793:Jacobean
2775:Baptists
1793:Puritans
1785:a series
1783:Part of
1745:and in
1699:by Pope
1455:crucifix
1420:surplice
1402:chalices
1328:Hereford
1290:such as
1261:Llandaff
1170:In his "
1144:chasuble
1089:Tunstall
1081:St Asaph
1077:Goldwell
768:Reformed
735:and the
713:contrite
604:Arminian
584:Puritans
518:Reformed
471:doctrine
47:a series
45:Part of
8541:Related
8398:Fasting
8347:Tunicle
8322:Maniple
8265:Biretta
8212:Angelus
7888:Gaiters
7863:Chimere
7848:Cassock
7803:Psalter
7669:Incense
7639:Crosier
7625:Chalice
7496:Acolyte
7412:Tarping
7390:Preface
7294:Te Deum
7168:Epistle
7143:Introit
7118:Collect
6916:Requiem
6899:Baptism
6757:Martyrs
6553:Pietism
6483:Ausbund
6455:Müntzer
6380:Cranmer
6327:Baptism
6292:Zwingli
6143:Erasmus
6092:Avignon
6075:Aquinas
6065:Francis
6060:Dominic
6020:Cathars
6015:Bosnian
6005:Bernard
6000:Abelard
5973:Moravia
5958:Bohemia
5944:Iceland
5866:Serbian
5846:Georgia
5841:Armenia
5779:Eastern
5680:Jesuits
5356:Gospels
5304:Baptism
4706:3679363
2630:James I
2447:Puritan
2420:baptism
2105:America
2030:England
1960:History
1766:artisan
1747:Seville
1676:papists
1523:Puritan
1509:anthems
1500:Te Deum
1444:chancel
1228:liturgy
1061:Lincoln
839:candles
825:not to
751:in the
672:for an
594:with a
475:liturgy
459:England
166:Martyrs
8092:Easter
8090:, and
7962:Advent
7928:Tippet
7913:Rochet
7898:Girdle
7674:Lights
7659:Flagon
7634:Chrism
7588:cloths
7583:candle
7553:Verger
7543:Reader
7538:Priest
7533:Lector
7523:Deacon
7508:Bishop
7227:Sermon
7202:Psalms
7173:Gospel
7163:Lesson
7092:Common
6445:Grebel
6297:Calvin
6223:Luther
6117:Synods
5995:Anselm
5978:Poland
5934:Gothic
5929:Franks
5914:Celtic
5881:Russia
5861:Syriac
5851:Greece
5738:Teresa
5685:Xavier
5623:Papacy
5569:Jerome
5489:Origen
5390:period
5165:Spread
5092:
5070:
5038:
5008:
4973:
4965:
4934:
4898:
4877:
4840:
4821:
4797:
4773:
4748:
4712:
4704:
4673:
4652:
4630:
4609:
4584:
4563:
4539:
4502:
4464:
4432:
3605:Anthem
2773:, and
2697:Durham
2632:. The
2614:Legacy
2590:, and
2543:synods
2524:. The
2466:, the
2337:other
1751:Jesuit
1733:, the
1701:Pius V
1658:, and
1511:, and
1505:motets
1296:London
1093:Durham
1057:Watson
1016:heresy
1010:, the
925:, the
802:Mary I
792:relics
774:. The
588:papist
535:. The
502:Mary I
357:(1662)
279:(1604)
196:(1559)
156:(1552)
143:(1549)
49:on the
8477:Grace
8260:Amice
7933:Vimpa
7918:Stole
7903:Mitre
7833:Bands
7684:Paten
7649:Cruet
7610:Ashes
7569:Altar
7548:Usher
7528:Laity
7513:Choir
7440:Carol
7427:Music
7148:Kyrie
6679:solae
6677:Five
6470:Smyth
6322:TULIP
6245:Bible
5953:Slavs
5856:Egypt
5814:Icons
5665:Trent
5655:Leo X
5552:Creed
4971:S2CID
4963:JSTOR
4710:S2CID
4702:JSTOR
2667:1604
2276:Works
1814:, in
1636:deans
1486:Music
1394:roods
1188:laity
1073:Tower
1065:White
859:Court
788:roods
784:icons
761:1552
8687:Thou
8479:and
8463:and
8461:Body
8374:and
8192:and
8036:Lent
7951:and
7878:Cope
7723:Veil
7703:Salt
7698:wine
7696:and
7679:Palm
7603:Rood
7598:rail
7593:lamp
7065:Vows
6729:left
6727:and
6717:and
6567:and
6565:Neo-
6332:Dort
6317:Knox
6163:Wars
5755:and
5711:and
5704:Wars
5361:Acts
5276:21st
5271:20th
5266:19th
5261:18th
5256:17th
5251:16th
5246:15th
5241:14th
5236:13th
5231:12th
5226:11th
5221:10th
5090:OCLC
5068:OCLC
5036:ISBN
5006:ISBN
4932:ISBN
4896:ISBN
4875:ISBN
4838:ISBN
4819:ISBN
4795:ISBN
4771:ISBN
4746:ISBN
4728:link
4671:ISBN
4650:ISBN
4628:ISBN
4607:ISBN
4582:ISBN
4561:ISBN
4537:ISBN
4500:ISBN
4462:ISBN
4430:ISBN
2744:The
2622:and
2488:and
2331:U.S.
1731:Rome
1713:and
1326:for
1322:and
1318:for
1310:for
1302:for
1294:for
1214:and
1206:and
1155:wine
1153:and
1142:and
1140:cope
1117:The
1063:and
1048:and
995:, a
944:The
849:was
741:Mass
670:pope
613:The
510:Pope
500:and
488:and
473:and
453:The
8148:or
8078:of
7828:Alb
7718:Pyx
7627:or
7571:or
6274:Art
6132:and
6107:Hus
5670:Art
5216:9th
5211:8th
5206:7th
5201:6th
5196:5th
5191:4th
5181:1st
4955:doi
4694:doi
2695:of
2512:or
2418:in
1737:or
1544:'s
1533:in
1529:of
1515:'s
1304:Ely
1267:of
1259:of
1136:alb
1091:of
1079:of
1067:of
1059:of
913:as
841:in
778:of
717:God
8729::
8086:,
8082:,
5596:/
5452:/
4969:.
4961:.
4951:74
4949:.
4873:.
4724:}}
4720:{{
4708:.
4690:15
4688:.
4350:^
4263:^
4248:^
3993:^
3978:^
3939:^
3876:^
3837:^
3798:^
3747:^
3512:^
3409:^
3381:^
3333:^
3318:^
3291:^
3262:^
3235:^
3220:^
3145:^
3082:^
3067:^
3050:^
3035:^
2777:.
2769:,
2586:,
2582:,
2578:,
2545:.
2462:,
2458:,
2394:,
1787:on
1758:12
1654:,
1642:,
1638:,
1430:.
1380:,
1376:,
1314:,
1306:,
1298:,
1234:.
1222:,
1162:.
1138:,
1114:.
991:.
979:.
956:.
861:.
786:,
731:,
704:.
631:.
602:,
496:,
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8504:)
8500:(
8131:)
7820:)
7816:(
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6811:t
6804:v
5513:)
5509:(
5141:e
5134:t
5127:v
5096:.
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5044:.
5014:.
4977:.
4957::
4940:.
4883:.
4846:.
4827:.
4803:.
4779:.
4754:.
4730:)
4716:.
4696::
4679:.
4658:.
4636:.
4615:.
4590:.
4569:.
4545:.
4508:.
4470:.
4438:.
3718:.
3364:.
2369:e
2362:t
2355:v
2334:)
2328:(
1760:d
782:(
442:e
435:t
428:v
20:)
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