516:
405:, where he lived for a year and a half, and also became involved with a local girl whom he referred to as "the Little Peacock" in his letters to his brother Justus. Eventually, though, he became ill, and was brought back to his family in Grou, probably towards the end of 1820. When he had recovered, he did not go back to Holland, but instead started a practice in the village where he was born. He would spend the rest of his life there, because, he wrote to his brother Justus, "Grou is always lovely to me." Because of his good education, but also because of his compassionate bedside manner, Halbertsma had a very spread-out practice, with patients not only in Grou, but also scattered around the
908:
543:, whom he had met in the autumn of 1822. She was the daughter of Livius (Liuwe) Regnerus Fockens, a mayor of Bolsward who had died not long before. Halbertsma and his wife had four children: two sons and two daughters. Only their son Hidde would survive his father, as the other son, Liuwe, died in 1854, and both of the girls, Ruerdtsje and Anna, were laid to rest yn 1851. The death of Anna (1832–1851), with whom he was exceptionally close, hit Halbertsma especially hard; about this loss he wrote the touching poem
31:
107:
92:
299:(1792–1852), and Binnert (1795–1847). Two children who were born later died in early childhood, the little boy in 1803, and the little girl in 1805. The brothers were very close, possibly as a consequence of the fact that both their parents died at a relatively young age in 1809, when Eeltsje was only eleven years of age. Justus, Tsjalling and Eeltsje, who, as authors, became known as the
643:), a booklet consisting of 36 pages, and including six poems and one short story. This publication was attributed to the fictional 'Gabe Skroar', a lame farmer's son who became a tailor and a writer, but died young. This character was in all probability a creation of Eeltsje's. Hiding behind such a fictional author was fairly normal at that time. A second, expanded edition of
512:, and was therefore mostly a member by correspondence, it was somewhat easier for him to look at things with a certain detachment. Later, Eeltsje Halbertsma became a member of the Selskip foar Fryske Taal en Skriftekennisse ("Society for Knowledge of Frisian Language and Literature"), where he felt much more at home.
972:, but a few weeks before his death he arranged to be brought back to Grou. He died there on 22 March 1858, when he was sixty years of age. He was buried in a double-deep grave which later came to lie outside of the churchyard boundaries, and is now marked by three red stones in an otherwise yellow-paved pathway.
492:
In 1827, Halbertsma became a member of the
Provinciaal Friesch Genootschap ter Beoefening van Friesche Geschied-, Oudheid- en Taalkunde ("Provincial Frisian Society for the Study of Frisian History, Antiquities and Linguistics"), but in 1834, he cancelled his membership because he felt this club was
554:
Halbertsma's marriage was, after the first few years, not very happy, as he was much too fond of alcohol, while his wife nagged constantly, was distrustful and reproached him continuously for living off her money. It is therefore probably not coincidental that in several of
Halbertsma's stories the
417:
From stories of people who knew him, Eeltsje Hiddes
Halbertsma emerges as a man who was quickly moved, but could also have a lot of fun. According to the bookseller and historian Wopke Eekhoff, who was acquainted with him for many years, Halbertsma was big-hearted and generous, and a droll
678:
which brings his work closer to the reader. Furthermore, Eeltsje's prose and poetry are in proportion to each other, qualitatively, while in Justus' works the poetry is generally quite clearly not of the same high standing as his prose. In the middle of the 20th century the author and
606:
of 1993, observed, however, that this assertion could "never be more than half the truth," as
Halbertsma's early poetry was not of a high literary value; quite the opposite, in fact. According to Breuker, it seems more likely that Halbertsma wanted to emulate these Dutch street songs.
674:. While Tsjalling's works were intended purely for entertainment, and Justus composed his stories and poetry in a somewhat distant, cerebral way, which keeps the reader a little detached from what is read, Eeltsje put his heart and soul into his poems and stories. It is this
967:
also died, who had been the steadfast centre of the family. That is why
Eeltsje, after he had transferred his medical practice to his son Hidde in 1856, started a wandering life visiting family members who lived far away. Later on, he lived for a little while by himself in
627:
were strongly connected and published together from the very beginning. Although writing short stories and poems was something which
Eeltsje Halbertsma could not do without, from approximately 1830 onwards the social prestige he won with it also started to play a role.
314:, he converted after marrying her. From the letters of Eeltsje's brother Justus Ruerdtsje emerges as a smart businesswoman, a loving mother, and a deeply religious person. About Hidde Halbertsma, the father, much less is known. It is thought that he might have been a
432:
and a rascal, such as there has been no second of in all of
Western Frisian literature." Halbertsma's letters to his brother Justus are lively and open-hearted, and also quite entertaining still. As for his views, Halbertsma had become influenced by
493:
full to the rafters with silly people. He could not stomach the affected poshness of the middle class gentlemen, and neither could he reconcile such graveness of bearing with the 'gluttony and wine-guzzling' which followed the gatherings. "
559:
by both of their sons, which was done especially on the initiative of Liuwe. Although
Halbertsma managed to become his own master again in 1857, this was a humiliation for which it was not easy for him to forgive his son, and there is no
1037:
in the front wall of the house where the
Halbertsma Brothers were born, on what later was renamed Halbertsmaplein ("Halbertsma Square"). In 1879, another stone tablet by the same artist was added to the left with the likeness of
346:, also in Leeuwarden. There, he started following lessons probably just before Ruerdtsje Binnerts' death in December 1809. As their father, Hidde Halbertsma, had died in January of that same year, the brothers became
618:
for three centuries. From that it followed that Justus had to get the
Frisians to read in their own language (otherwise, writing it would not be of much use), and to achieve that aim, he set out writing the sort of
984:, their short fiction and poetry was gathered under the supervision of librarian and archivist Gerben Colmjon and bookseller and historian Wopke Eekhoff. In 1871, it was published by the firm of J. de Lange in
647:, consisting of 237 pages, was published in 1829, followed by a third, further expanded edition in 1834, running to almost 500 pages of a larger size. After that, additions were published separately in 1836 (
444:
Politics Halbertsma tried to stay away from. In the company of others he was sometimes seduced into speaking on that subject, but he was always afraid to say too much; his father had been a supporter of the
354:
at the time. Eeltsje could continue his education in the Latin school because the middle brothers, Tsjalling and Binnert, kept their father's bakery running with the help of their father's baker's mates. As
947:," all of these occur regularly in Halbertsma's prose. In his works he was guided by the ideal image he had in his mind of the Western Frisians as simple but genuine people, which he contrasted against the
1013:
In 1949, the author and literary critic Anne Wadman wrote that the Halbertsmas gave "the Western Frisian people a literary monument, in which they saw their own life as a nation reflected." As of today
588:
were of a very low quality compared to those in Germany. According to Justus, Eeltsje Halbertsma set out writing poetry to replace the existing songs with better ones of his own making. The
485:
in 1853. On the other hand, he was not so progressive that he felt himself in any way connected to those he called, in 1855, "red democrats" (that is to say socialists and other political
963:. Because of his unhappy marriage, he could not find solace at home, and the death of his daughter Anna, in 1851, had made him lose his cheerfulness. The following year his brother
1010:
played a role of crucial importance in the development of a new literary tradition after Western Frisian had been used almost exclusively as a spoken language for three centuries.
805:("Old Uncle John"), in which a farm-hand of advanced years complains of the farmer's daughter's constant stream of suitors, who are always getting in his way, and of the love poem
390:, and later in his life he always looked back on his Heidelberg period with a sense of wistfulness. The lessons he followed in Heidelberg for the most part had to do with
318:
before his marriage. He is described as a gentle soul, who was, however, apt to take offence, and could be quite sharp-tongued in such cases. In 1784, he published a long
418:
story-teller. One of Halbertsma's biographers described him as "a fine-feeling spirit, an idealistic dreamer, an independent and courageous man, afflicted by periods of
449:, and Halbertsma could never forget how badly that had ended. For all that, he did not just stand by when his sense of justice was violated, as is shown by his poems
718:("City Squire and a Frisian Farmer's Wife"), from the 18th century. It is beyond dispute that Halbertsma based some of his poetry on earlier works by such poets as
769:("The Girl"), later the circumstances of his family life and professional difficulties so depressed him that he wrote, "you find in my last works nothing of that
555:
main characters are a drunken man and his angry wife. In 1853, when both marriage partners had neglected their household for years, the parents were placed under
489:), whom he separated from "the decent-minded", with which he meant the progressive, liberal section of the settled middle class, to which he himself belonged.
409:
and in neighbouring villages. This required him to travel a lot, for which he often had to depend on boats in the marshy lake country of Central Friesland.
244:. This book played a role of crucial importance in the development of a new literary tradition after Western Frisian had been used almost exclusively as a
1022:
of the book was published, including for the first time some (earlier, lower-quality) work of Eeltsje Halbertsma which had until then remained outside of
359:
from Grou to Leeuwarden and back again on a daily basis was out of the question with roads and transportation being what they were at that time, Eeltsje
248:
for three centuries. Of the three Brothers Halbertsma, Eeltsje was probably the most talented, en his poetry especially is still very much admired. His
889:("The Quickborn"), a choice of poems Halbertsma translated very freely from the poetry collection of the same name which was originally written in the
923:("Geale's Nap"), and his playful additions of phrases in other languages or dialects, which occur mostly in his stories, but also in some poems, like
801:("Grave-digger's Song"), which reflect upon the transitory nature of human existence. Halbertsma was, however, also the author of the mildly humorous
873:("The Journey to the Gout Masters") Halbertsma uses mild humour and a little mockery to poke fun at his own medical profession. In the longer story
931:
has just returned from fashionable France, and now believes it shows his breeding and social status to throw around French words and phrases. "
623:
which dovetailed nicely with Eeltsje Halbertsma's work. As Justus remained the editor of Eeltsje's work for his entire life, their poetry and
869:
Gelding to Gabe Tailor"), which has the form of a letter from the afterlife to Gabe Tailor, written by his dead horse, is a satire, while in
813:'s entreaty to his beloved not to forget him, even if his ship should sink and he should drown. The appreciation for Halbertsma's strongly
2797:
2760:
2718:
2613:
291:
Hidde Joasts Halbertsma (1756–1809) and his wife Ruerdtsje (or Riurtk) Tsjallings Binnerts (1767–1809). He had three elder brothers:
2885:
497:" ("It takes fools of all kinds"), he wrote to his brother Justus. Justus did remain a member of the society, but because he was a
387:
2915:
706:, Eeltsje Halbertsma often needed a first impulse for his works, an existing text or melody that he could, as he himself put it,
363:
in the city with one Hawerdink, an acquaintance of his brother Justus, who apparently introduced him to the most vulgar form of
279:
Eeltsje Hiddes Halbertsma was born on 8 October 1797, in his parents' house on Kowemerk ("Cow Market") street in the village of
2920:
2779:
2744:
2692:
2664:
2649:
2631:
2587:
2561:
394:. After the summer, he returned to Leiden, where he ended his study by obtaining his doctorate in medicine on 13 October 1818.
1026:. This reprint had a (for Western Frisian literature) ambitious printing of 3,000 copies, but was sold out within two months.
919:
Striking things about Eeltsje Halbertsma's literary works are the wonderful sound patterns in some of his poems, especially
2925:
2890:
470:
2895:
994:("Rhymes and Tales"). This work is now thought of as the national book of Western Frisian literature, and although the
2935:
2930:
2900:
1584:("Rhymes and Tales"; poetry and short story collection, with Justus Hiddes Halbertsma en Tsjalling Hiddes Halbertsma)
1420:("Grief and Pleasure and Down Upon the Lee Shore"; poetry and short story collection, with Justus Hiddes Halbertsma)
1065:, made by Johan Schröder. The inscription reads: "TO D EELTSJE HIDDES HALBERTSMA", with on the back of the column: "
515:
230:
in 1822. Afterwards, this work was continually expanded, and also came to include contributions by a third brother,
710:"in such a way that no one could recognise the original anymore." Because of this it is thought that the masterful
738:, in which the main characters were renamed Hoatse and Wobbel, the background was shifted from a German well to a
2905:
1194:("Boss Joute's Barbershop"; frame-story with several poems and short stories, with Justus Hiddes Halbertsma en
746:, and quite a few smaller changes were made. An example of a poem based on Hölty's work is the somewhat morbid
382:, however, he became caught up in the rough night life, and that was why, by way of reorientation, he left for
885:
is a longing for a peaceful and diligent existence in the country-side. That same feeling is also embodied by
437:
in his student days, but according to himself he had changed his opinion after reading the German philosopher
338:
Like his elder brother Justus, Eeltsje Halbertsma was sent to the French school in the provincial capital of
370:
When he had finished his training in the Latin school, towards the end of 1814, Eeltsje Halbertsma left for
691:
were fit to hold a candle to him (he wrote), one would look invain for someone of the same stature in the
1195:
964:
296:
231:
1029:
The Selskip foar Fryske Taal en Skriftekennisse hired the sculptor Willem Molkenboer in 1875, to make a
2910:
1229:("Aeolus, Lord of Storm and Thunder"; poetry and short story collection, with Justus Hiddes Halbertsma)
1018:
still occupies the first slot in the ranking of Western Frisian literary classics. In 1993, the tenth
2940:
1046:
of Eeltsje Halbertsma to be made and placed on Parkstrjitte ("Park Street") in Grou, consisting of a
446:
1102:
1039:
707:
611:
573:
539:
In June 1823, Halbertsma married Baukje Fockens (1795–1877), a woman from a well-to-do family from
292:
216:
386:, in Germany, for half a year in the spring of 1818. There he enjoyed himself tremendously at the
1185:(collection of poetry and short stories, with Justus Hiddes Halbertsma; further expanded version)
714:("Squire Pete and Sibylle") could possibly be a much improved version of the Dutch-language poem
683:
Anne Wadman stated that Eeltsje was the greatest poet of his time in the Netherlands; as neither
501:
438:
2755:
Muurvast & Gebeiteld: Beeldhouwkunst in de Bouw 1840–1940, Rotterdam (NAi Uitgevers), 1997,
838:, which it was proclaimed to be yn 1875 (in a thoroughly revised version by Jacobus van Loon).
835:
224:
1256:("Twigs from an Old Trunk"; poetry and short story collection, with Justus Hiddes Halbertsma)
1247:("Notes from the Weigh-house in Grou"; speeches with poems; with Tsjalling Hiddes Halbertsma)
610:
Later on, he must have come under the influence of Justus' ideas, who wanted to preserve the
330:"). From this intriguing work it is clear that his sons' literary talents ran in the family.
192:
80:
306:
This mother, Ruerdtsje Binnerts, was a scion of a prominent family in Grou. Her people were
2880:
2875:
1033:
in which the likeness of Eeltsje Hiddes Halbertsma was chiselled out. This was placed as a
936:
547:("On Anna's Death"), which was published in 1854, in the poetry and short story collection
486:
375:
631:
In 1822, the best of the early works of Eeltsje and Justus were collected under the title
8:
1136:(collection of poetry and short stories, with Justus Hiddes Halbertsma; expanded version)
981:
890:
671:
364:
300:
212:
907:
1386:
882:
719:
522:
with the likeness of Eeltsje Halbertsma in the front wall of the house of his birth in
303:
later in life, were much like their father, while Binnert more resembled their mother.
1373:
462:
2793:
2775:
2756:
2740:
2714:
2688:
2660:
2645:
2627:
2609:
2583:
2557:
1579:
990:
782:
684:
602:
527:
419:
240:
220:
155:
688:
1047:
944:
770:
692:
959:
In his last years there was not much which connected Halbertsma to the village of
845:
Halbertsma shows himself to be a smooth story-teller, occasionally using a poetic-
999:
878:
831:
826:
680:
620:
615:
259:
254:
245:
161:
1154:("Citizen Soldier Foeke and Tryn the Innkeeper's Wife"; short story with a poem)
723:
2677:, Bolsward/Leeuwarden (A.J. Osinga Utjouwerij/R. van der Velde), 1958, no ISBN.
1124:
846:
670:
Eeltsje Halbertsma was almost certainly the most talented of the three writing
614:
by reintroducing it for writing after it had been used almost exclusively as a
564:
for Liuwe's passing in 1854, as Halbertsma did make for both of his daughters.
474:
360:
350:
because of this unfortunate event. Justus, the eldest brother, was studying in
319:
196:
2869:
1329:
624:
402:
263:
208:
95:
367:, a Dutch (not Frisian) dialect which is spoken in the cities in Friesland.
1292:("New Year's Wish for the Year 1842 from the Night Watchmen of Grou"; poem)
1030:
948:
897:
556:
478:
343:
30:
1101:("Gabe Tailor's Rag Basket"; collection of poetry and short stories, with
106:
2810:, Leeuwarden (Uitgeverij M.Th. van Seyen), no year, no ISBN, pp. 312–323.
1034:
901:
821:
699:
585:
519:
406:
249:
136:
110:
47:
477:, a poem in which he rages against the fact that Frisian members of the
428:
238:
and poetry was posthumously collected in 1871 to become the famous work
1319:("The Weigh-house Masters of Grou to the Visitors of the Fair"; speech)
1069:" ("Beloved to us remain the Western Frisian language and its songs.")
995:
969:
703:
577:
509:
498:
466:
391:
383:
339:
327:
307:
572:
Halbertsma felt the drive to write for the first time, as his brother
1051:
932:
814:
593:
457:"; about corruption in the political upper classes in Friesland) and
398:
351:
311:
284:
730:("The Bolsward Fair"), still one of his most well-known works, is a
1351:
1164:
1058:
985:
940:
743:
636:
589:
540:
505:
454:
356:
288:
1265:("The Distinguished Guests in Friesland"; short story with a poem)
1062:
1019:
893:
675:
597:
482:
371:
342:
for a year by his mother, and after that, he was enrolled in the
2554:
Twataligens: Ynlieding yn Underskate Aspekten fan de Twataligens
1220:("The Conversation Room of St. Anthony's Hospital"; short story)
2772:
Spiegel van de Friese Poëzie: Van de Zeventiende Eeuw tot Heden
2739:, Amsterdam/Leeuwarden (Uitgeverij Boom/Fryske Akademy), 1998,
1054:
1043:
928:
820:
has eroded in the course of the 20th century, but even so, the
810:
379:
347:
315:
91:
854:
842:
774:
754:
592:
Philippus H. Breuker, who added an extensive and penetrating
576:
would later tell it, when he came back from his half-year in
561:
434:
423:
235:
2792:, Gorredijk/Leeuwarden (Utjouwerij Bornmeer/Tresoar), 2016,
2608:, Gorredijk/Leeuwarden (Utjouwerij Bornmeer/Tresoar), 2016,
1208:
960:
912:
866:
853:("Staying the Night on the Farm"), at other times becoming
817:
739:
581:
523:
280:
204:
195:
form: Eeltsje Hiddes Halbertsma, pron. (the r is silent);
43:
2820:, Bolsward (A.J. Osinga N.V.), 1968, no ISBN, pp. 296–299.
1310:("A Couple of Words from the Weigh-house Masters"; speech)
1238:("To the Doctorate of My Relative K. T. Halbertsma"; poem)
793:("The Churchyard in the Evening"), and also poems such as
1465:("Dialogue on the Russians and the Turks"; short story)
1402:("Riurtk" or "She, Who Bore That Cherished Name"; poem)
2624:
Monumentenwijzer: Wegwijs in de Doolhof van Monumenten
1546:("In Front of the Counter and Behind It"; short story)
1283:("To Petrus, When He Took His Doctor's Degree"; poems)
378:
which lasted until April 1818. In the student city of
1289:
Grouster Rattelwachts Nijjierswinsk foar it Jier 1842
324:
Schrikkelijke IJsgang en Overstroominge in Gelderland
215:. He became well known when he and his elder brother
1176:(Ybel and Jelke, or: The Marriage on the Ice"; poem)
998:
value of this collection was later disputed by some
551:("Grief and Pleasure and Down Upon the Lee Shore").
287:. He was the fourth son of the baker and small-time
211:
writer, poet and physician, and the youngest of the
2862:, Bolsward (A.J. Osinga N.V.), 1958, pp. 5–14.
1389:short story based on the Rising of Kollum in 1797)
1385:(Minne Jorrits' Journey to the Rising of Kollum";
2729:Cultuur in Friesland en Friese Cultuur, 1795–1917
1492:("The Wise Men of Esonstad"; collection of tales)
1235:Op it Doktor-wurden fan Myn Miich K.T. Halbertsma
1211:Gelding to Gabe Tailor"; short story with a poem)
2867:
635:("Gabe Tailor's Rag Basket"; original, archaic
283:, in the central part of the Dutch province of
207:, 8 October 1797 – there, 22 March 1858) was a
951:, who were in his eyes refined but insincere.
374:, where he started a study of medicine at the
1501:("The Flower of Friesland's Lordships"; poem)
1042:. Furthermore, in 1903 the Selskip ordered a
461:("Batthyany's Death"; about the execution of
310:, and although her husband had been raised a
1519:("The Maid and the Pig's Head"; short story)
1456:("People's Judgment on People"; short story)
2808:Tweeduizend Jaar Geschiedenis van Friesland
2713:, Leeuwarden (Frisian Council/Afûk), 2008,
2687:, Drachten (A.J. Osinga Utjouwerij), 1993,
2582:, Drachten (A.J. Osinga Utjouwerij), 1993,
1438:("Jouke's Beer Is Sweet Beer"; short story)
1316:De Grouster Weachmasters oan de Merkegasten
1114:("New Year's Wish to a Former Mayor"; poem)
911:The statue of Eeltsje Hiddes Halbertsma in
397:Afterwards, Halbertsma became physician in
2774:, Amsterdam (J.M. Meulenhoff B.V.), 1994,
2177:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
1940:
1938:
1510:("Minister Hollema and Reid Jeltes"; poem)
861:("Our Old Minister's Skate-walking Leg").
765:("Geale's Nap"), and, to a lesser degree,
2533:
2531:
2521:
2519:
2509:
2507:
2470:
2468:
2323:
2321:
2299:
2297:
2295:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2271:
2269:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2189:
2187:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2149:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1975:
1973:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1918:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1861:
1859:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1658:
1656:
1654:
1429:("A Small Flower on Petrus' Grave"; poem)
1382:Minne Jorrits Reis nei it Kollumer Oproer
2401:
2399:
2311:
2309:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2012:
2010:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1760:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1489:Teltsjes fan de Wize Mannen fan Esonstêd
1145:("Walking Deep in Thought"; short story)
906:
716:Steedsche Jonker en een Friessche Boerin
665:Teltsjes fan de Wize Mannen fan Esonstêd
514:
2830:, Leeuwarden (De Tille), 1977, no ISBN.
2223:
2221:
2219:
1833:
1831:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1758:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
927:("Squire Pete and Sibylle"), where the
830:, ("The Frisians of Old") is still the
274:
2868:
2528:
2516:
2504:
2465:
2318:
2292:
2278:
2266:
2196:
2184:
2146:
2102:
2088:
2055:
2028:
1982:
1970:
1915:
1889:
1856:
1462:Samenspraak oer de Russen en de Turken
1217:De Treemter fan it Sint-Anthonygasthûs
935:, odd names, strange types of people,
481:voted against the proposal to abolish
2840:, Leiden (L. Stafleu), 1949, no ISBN.
2642:Lyts Hânboek fan de Fryske Literatuer
2396:
2345:Brothers Halbertsma 1958, p. 589-594.
2306:
2245:Brothers Halbertsma 1993, p. 258-259.
2128:
2007:
1947:
1840:
1776:
1723:
1631:
1483:("The Gentleman Farmer"; short story)
1173:Ybel en Jelke, of: De Boask op it Iis
1111:Nijjierswinsk oan in Ald Boargemaster
1083:("Would I Not Say a Few Words"; poem)
943:, and the most unexpected jumps in a
877:("The Gentleman Farmer"), which some
326:("Terrible Ice-drift and Flooding in
234:, until all the Halbertsma Brothers'
2737:Geschiedenis van Friesland 1750–1995
2453:Brothers Halbertsma 1993, pp. 11–12.
2444:Brothers Halbertsma 1958, pp. 18–20.
2216:
1828:
1802:
1737:
1595:
1474:("The Quickborn"; poetry collection)
1067:Ljeaf bliuwe ús Fryske tael en liet.
1363:("I Knew Him as a Young Man"; poem)
1301:("When the White Flakes Fly"; poem)
412:
13:
2638:Dykstra, Klaes, and Bouke Oldenhof
2417:Oppewal and Boorsma, p. 17, 90–93.
1453:It Oardeel fan Minsken oer Minsken
1307:In Wurdmannich fan de Weachmasters
1274:("New Year's Wish for 1841"; poem)
1262:De Foarname Utfanhûzers yn Fryslân
1092:("Take This Currant Bread"; rhyme)
757:poems in his early years, such as
16:Frisian writer, poet and physician
14:
2952:
2236:Brothers Halbertsma 1958, p. 347.
1399:Sy, Dy't de Dierb're Namme Droech
1280:Oan Petrus, Doe't er Doktor Waard
1226:Eölus, Grewa fan Stoarm en Onwaar
1123:("Our Uncle Gysbert"; poem about
896:of the northern German region of
567:
2768:Oppewal, Teake, and Pier Boorsma
2381:Brothers Halbertsma 1958, p. 46.
1411:("On Black People"; short story)
471:Hungarian Rebellion of 1848–1849
182:2 daughters (Ruerdtsje and Anna)
105:
90:
29:
2886:19th-century Dutch male writers
2828:Skiednis fan de Fryske Biweging
2790:Nieuwe Encyclopedie van Fryslân
2606:Nieuwe Encyclopedie van Fryslân
2572:Oer Skriuwers, Boek en Utjeften
2495:
2486:
2477:
2456:
2447:
2438:
2429:
2420:
2411:
2384:
2375:
2366:
2357:
2348:
2339:
2330:
2257:
2248:
2239:
2230:
2079:
2046:
2019:
1998:
1961:
1886:Oppewal and Boorsma, pp. 90–93.
1880:
1868:
1564:("Holland and Friesland"; poem)
1528:("De Girl from Far Away"; poem)
1447:("Jurjen with the Spoon"; poem)
1072:
849:approach, such as in the story
2916:19th-century Dutch translators
2733:Frieswijk, Johan, et al., red.
1767:
1417:Leed en Wille en de Flotgerzen
1204:De Noarger Rún oan Gabe Skroar
863:De Noarger Rún oan Gabe Skroar
859:De Klúnskonk fan Us Ald Dominy
753:Though Halbertsma often wrote
657:Leed en Wille en de Flotgerzen
649:De Noarger Rún oan Gabe Skroar
549:Leed en Wille en de Flotgerzen
1:
2921:West Frisian-language writers
2703:Fryslân: Fêstens en Feroaring
1589:
1573:("Dark-minded Mankind"; poem)
1537:("Girls Want to Marry"; poem)
1507:Dominy Hollema en Reid Jeltes
1151:Foeke Skutter en Hospes' Tryn
980:After the death of all three
2435:Dykstra and Oldenhof, p. 41.
2181:Dykstra and Oldenhof, p. 40.
1799:Dykstra and Oldenhof, p. 37.
1555:("Friends from Grou!"; poem)
1543:Foar de Toanbank en Derefter
1426:Blomke op it Grêf fan Petrus
1191:De Skearwinkel fan Joutebaas
773:." In its place came moving
641:De Lape Koer fen Gabe Skroor
333:
7:
2926:Translators to West Frisian
2891:Dutch general practitioners
2659:, Leeuwarden (Afûk), 2000,
2644:, Leeuwarden (Afûk), 1997,
2626:, Zutphen (Walburg), 1983,
2556:, Leeuwarden (Afûk), 1981,
2354:Oppewal and Boorsma, p. 17.
1944:Oppewal and Boorsma, p. 16.
1534:Fammen Hâlde fan it Trouwen
1498:De Blom fan Fryslâns Hearen
1360:k Haw Him as Jong'ling Kend
1325:Gysbert Japix' Grutte Namme
1196:Tsjalling Hiddes Halbertsma
1182:De Lapekoer fan Gabe Skroar
1133:De Lapekoer fan Gabe Skroar
1098:De Lapekoer fan Gabe Skroar
1080:Soe Ik Net in Wurdsje Sizze
1008:De Lapekoer fan Gabe Skroar
871:De Reis nei de Jichtmasters
702:, which he had acquired in
645:De Lapekoer fan Gabe Skroar
633:De Lapekoer fan Gabe Skroar
228:De Lapekoer fan Gabe Skroar
10:
2957:
2543:
2483:Breuker 1993, pp. 594–596.
1837:Breuker 1993, pp. 603–606.
1734:Breuker 1993, pp. 592–594.
1163:("Shrove Tuesday's Talk";
388:Ruprecht-Karls-Universität
180:2 sons (Hidde and Liuwe),
2896:Dutch short story writers
1570:De Tsjustersinnige Minske
1298:As de Wite Flokken Fleane
975:
881:call a novella, the main
789:("On Anna's Death"), and
750:("Grave-digger's Song").
534:
258:, which later became the
189:Eeltsje Hiddes Halbertsma
176:
168:
150:
142:
132:
124:
116:
101:
86:
76:
68:
54:
37:
28:
23:Eeltsje Hiddes Halbertsma
21:
2936:Leiden University alumni
2931:People from Boarnsterhim
2901:19th-century Dutch poets
1253:Twigen út in Alde Stamme
1103:Justus Hiddes Halbertsma
1050:on a more than man-high
1040:Justus Hiddes Halbertsma
1002:, it is undeniable that
954:
761:("The Little Lake") and
653:Twigen út in Alde Stamme
612:Western Frisian language
495:Es gibt Narren aller Art
201:Eeltje Hiddes Halbertsma
2254:Boelens et al., p. 116.
1525:It Famke út de Frjemdte
1435:Joukebier Is Swiet Bier
1271:Nijjierswinsk foar 1841
1142:Yn de Dollejoarum Rinne
939:, the most surprising
791:It Tsjerkhôf by Jûntiid
742:in the Frisian city of
580:, and noticed that the
439:Johann Gottfried Herder
269:
72:physician, poet, writer
2906:Dutch male songwriters
2852:De Bruorren Halbertsma
2824:Van der Schaaf, Sjoerd
2786:Schroor, Meindert, ed.
2602:Schroor, Meindert, ed.
2550:Boelens, Krine, et al.
2076:Breuker 2016, p. 1124.
1628:Breuker 2016, p. 1123.
1516:De Faam en de Bargekop
916:
836:Western Frisian people
809:("Skipper's Song"), a
531:
264:Western Frisian people
225:short story collection
2616:, pp. 1123–1124.
2594:Breuker, Philippus H.
2568:Breuker, Philippus H.
2501:Breuker 1993, p. 610.
2462:Breuker 1993, p. 604.
2363:Breuker 1993, p. 595.
2289:Breuker 1993, p. 597.
2263:Breuker 1993, p. 589.
2227:Van der Schaaf, p. 38
2213:Breuker 1993, p. 593.
2004:Breuker 1993, p. 591.
1979:Breuker 1993, p. 588.
1773:Breuker 1993, p. 594.
1764:Breuker 1993, p. 587.
1720:Breuker 1993, p. 592.
1244:Grouster Weachbryfkes
1089:Hjir Is in Krintebôle
988:, under the title of
925:Jonker Pyt and Sibbel
910:
518:
508:, in the province of
473:). He also wrote, in
322:poem under the title
128:poetry, short stories
2856:Halbertsma, Brothers
2818:Fan Fryslâns Forline
2681:Halbertsma, Brothers
2671:Halbertsma, Brothers
2576:Halbertsma, Brothers
2085:Twerda, pp. 296–297.
1444:Jurjen mei de Leppel
1341:("Water Song"; poem)
1332:' Great Name"; poem)
1006:and its predecessor
797:("Life's End"), and
734:of Hebel's lovesong
712:Jonker Pyt en Sibbel
465:, the leader of the
376:University of Leiden
275:Youth and background
2838:Frieslands Dichters
2747:, pp. 172–212.
2598:Halbertsma, Eeltsje
2590:, pp. 587–613.
2336:Wiersma, pp. 5, 11.
982:Brothers Halbertsma
851:Utfanhûs by de Boer
728:De Boalserter Merke
672:Halbertsma Brothers
301:Brothers Halbertsma
213:Halbertsma Brothers
2798:978-9 05 61 53 755
2761:978-9 07 24 69 670
2719:978-9 06 27 37 734
2707:Hiemstra, Sytze T.
2614:978-9 05 61 53 755
1865:Wiersma, pp. 9–10.
1408:Oer Swarte Minsken
917:
720:Johann Peter Hebel
532:
252:included the poem
64:Grou (Netherlands)
2911:Dutch songwriters
2860:Rimen en Teltsjes
2685:Rimen en Teltsjes
2675:Rimen en Teltsjes
2652:, pp. 37–42.
2580:Rimen en Teltsjes
2513:Koopmans, p. 309.
2426:Schroor, p. 2831.
2372:Terpstra, p. 314.
2315:Terpstra, p. 313.
2143:Terpstra, p. 319.
2099:Terpstra, p. 318.
2016:Wiersma, pp. 8–9.
1995:Terpstra, p. 316.
1967:Wiersma, pp. 7–8.
1958:Terpstra, p. 317.
1585:
1580:Rimen en Teltsjes
1574:
1565:
1561:Hollân en Fryslân
1556:
1552:Grouster Freonen!
1547:
1538:
1529:
1520:
1511:
1502:
1493:
1484:
1475:
1466:
1457:
1448:
1439:
1430:
1421:
1412:
1403:
1390:
1377:
1364:
1355:
1342:
1333:
1320:
1311:
1302:
1293:
1284:
1275:
1266:
1257:
1248:
1239:
1230:
1221:
1212:
1199:
1186:
1177:
1168:
1160:Fêsteljûnpraatsje
1155:
1146:
1137:
1128:
1115:
1106:
1093:
1084:
1024:Rimen en Teltsjes
1016:Rimen en Teltsjes
1004:Rimen en Teltsjes
991:Rimen en Teltsjes
685:Willem Bilderdijk
603:Rimen en Teltsjes
528:Willem Molkenboer
241:Rimen en Teltsjes
186:
185:
156:Rimen en Teltsjes
143:Years active
133:Literary movement
2948:
2941:Dutch male poets
2857:
2845:
2835:
2825:
2815:
2805:
2804:Terpstra, Pieter
2787:
2769:
2752:
2734:
2726:
2708:
2700:
2682:
2672:
2639:
2621:
2603:
2595:
2577:
2569:
2551:
2538:
2537:De Vries, p. 98.
2535:
2526:
2523:
2514:
2511:
2502:
2499:
2493:
2490:
2484:
2481:
2475:
2472:
2463:
2460:
2454:
2451:
2445:
2442:
2436:
2433:
2427:
2424:
2418:
2415:
2409:
2403:
2394:
2388:
2382:
2379:
2373:
2370:
2364:
2361:
2355:
2352:
2346:
2343:
2337:
2334:
2328:
2325:
2316:
2313:
2304:
2301:
2290:
2287:
2276:
2273:
2264:
2261:
2255:
2252:
2246:
2243:
2237:
2234:
2228:
2225:
2214:
2211:
2194:
2191:
2182:
2179:
2144:
2141:
2126:
2123:
2100:
2097:
2086:
2083:
2077:
2074:
2053:
2050:
2044:
2041:
2026:
2025:Hemminga, p. 56.
2023:
2017:
2014:
2005:
2002:
1996:
1993:
1980:
1977:
1968:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1945:
1942:
1913:
1910:
1887:
1884:
1878:
1872:
1866:
1863:
1854:
1851:
1838:
1835:
1826:
1823:
1800:
1797:
1774:
1771:
1765:
1762:
1735:
1732:
1721:
1718:
1629:
1626:
1583:
1572:
1563:
1554:
1545:
1536:
1527:
1518:
1509:
1500:
1491:
1482:
1473:
1464:
1455:
1446:
1437:
1428:
1419:
1410:
1401:
1384:
1376:'s Death"; poem)
1371:
1362:
1349:
1340:
1327:
1318:
1309:
1300:
1291:
1282:
1273:
1264:
1255:
1246:
1237:
1228:
1219:
1206:
1193:
1184:
1175:
1162:
1153:
1144:
1135:
1122:
1113:
1100:
1091:
1082:
945:train of thought
799:Deagraverssankje
748:Deagraverssankje
726:. For instance,
698:On the basis of
695:of that period.
693:Dutch literature
447:Patriot movement
413:Nature and views
403:northern Holland
293:Justus ("Joast")
109:
94:
61:
33:
19:
18:
2956:
2955:
2951:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2866:
2865:
2855:
2843:
2833:
2823:
2814:Twerda, Hendrik
2813:
2803:
2785:
2767:
2750:
2732:
2724:
2706:
2698:
2680:
2670:
2637:
2619:
2601:
2593:
2575:
2567:
2549:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2529:
2525:Twerda, p. 299.
2524:
2517:
2512:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2491:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2473:
2466:
2461:
2457:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2439:
2434:
2430:
2425:
2421:
2416:
2412:
2404:
2397:
2389:
2385:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2353:
2349:
2344:
2340:
2335:
2331:
2327:Twerda, p. 298.
2326:
2319:
2314:
2307:
2303:Twerda, p. 297.
2302:
2293:
2288:
2279:
2275:Wiersma, p. 11.
2274:
2267:
2262:
2258:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2235:
2231:
2226:
2217:
2212:
2197:
2193:Wiersma, p. 13.
2192:
2185:
2180:
2147:
2142:
2129:
2125:Wiersma, p. 10.
2124:
2103:
2098:
2089:
2084:
2080:
2075:
2056:
2052:Twerda, p. 296.
2051:
2047:
2042:
2029:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1994:
1983:
1978:
1971:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1948:
1943:
1916:
1911:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1857:
1853:Jensma, p. 197.
1852:
1841:
1836:
1829:
1824:
1803:
1798:
1777:
1772:
1768:
1763:
1738:
1733:
1724:
1719:
1632:
1627:
1596:
1592:
1369:Batthyany's Dea
1075:
978:
957:
832:national anthem
827:De Alde Friezen
736:Hans und Verene
681:literary critic
621:folk literature
616:spoken language
570:
537:
463:Lajos Batthyány
459:Batthyany's Dea
415:
336:
277:
272:
260:national anthem
255:De Alde Friezen
246:spoken language
181:
162:De Alde Friezen
159:
96:Western Frisian
63:
59:
42:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2954:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2864:
2863:
2841:
2831:
2821:
2811:
2801:
2783:
2780:9 02 90 47 569
2765:
2748:
2745:9 05 35 23 685
2722:
2699:Hemminga, Piet
2696:
2693:9 06 06 64 892
2678:
2668:
2665:9 06 27 33 611
2657:Fryslân Sjongt
2653:
2650:9 07 00 10 526
2635:
2632:9 06 01 11 796
2617:
2591:
2588:9 06 06 64 892
2565:
2562:9 06 27 30 086
2545:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2527:
2515:
2503:
2494:
2492:Wadman, p. 14.
2485:
2476:
2474:Wiersma, p. 5.
2464:
2455:
2446:
2437:
2428:
2419:
2410:
2406:Fryslân Sjongt
2395:
2391:Fryslân Sjongt
2383:
2374:
2365:
2356:
2347:
2338:
2329:
2317:
2305:
2291:
2277:
2265:
2256:
2247:
2238:
2229:
2215:
2195:
2183:
2145:
2127:
2101:
2087:
2078:
2054:
2045:
2043:Wiersma, p. 8.
2027:
2018:
2006:
1997:
1981:
1969:
1960:
1946:
1914:
1912:Wiersma, p. 7.
1888:
1879:
1875:Fryslân Sjongt
1867:
1855:
1839:
1827:
1825:Wiersma, p. 9.
1801:
1775:
1766:
1736:
1722:
1630:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1586:
1575:
1566:
1557:
1548:
1539:
1530:
1521:
1512:
1503:
1494:
1485:
1476:
1467:
1458:
1449:
1440:
1431:
1422:
1413:
1404:
1391:
1378:
1365:
1356:
1343:
1334:
1321:
1312:
1303:
1294:
1285:
1276:
1267:
1258:
1249:
1240:
1231:
1222:
1213:
1200:
1187:
1178:
1169:
1156:
1147:
1138:
1129:
1125:Gysbert Japiks
1120:Us Gysbertomme
1116:
1107:
1094:
1085:
1074:
1071:
977:
974:
956:
953:
921:Geale' Sliepke
807:Skipperssankje
779:De Likeblommen
763:Geale' Sliepke
689:Isaäc da Costa
569:
568:Writing career
566:
536:
533:
414:
411:
335:
332:
320:Dutch-language
276:
273:
271:
268:
219:published the
184:
183:
178:
174:
173:
172:Baukje Fockens
170:
166:
165:
152:
148:
147:
144:
140:
139:
134:
130:
129:
126:
122:
121:
118:
114:
113:
103:
99:
98:
88:
84:
83:
78:
74:
73:
70:
66:
65:
62:(aged 60)
56:
52:
51:
41:8 October 1797
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2953:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2861:
2853:
2849:
2844:Wiersma, J.P.
2842:
2839:
2832:
2829:
2822:
2819:
2812:
2809:
2802:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2784:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2751:Koopmans, Ype
2749:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2730:
2725:Jensma, Goffe
2723:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2711:De Fryslannen
2704:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2679:
2676:
2669:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2636:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2618:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2599:
2592:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2573:
2566:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2548:
2547:
2534:
2532:
2522:
2520:
2510:
2508:
2498:
2489:
2480:
2471:
2469:
2459:
2450:
2441:
2432:
2423:
2414:
2407:
2402:
2400:
2392:
2387:
2378:
2369:
2360:
2351:
2342:
2333:
2324:
2322:
2312:
2310:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2272:
2270:
2260:
2251:
2242:
2233:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2190:
2188:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2082:
2073:
2071:
2069:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2049:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2022:
2013:
2011:
2001:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1976:
1974:
1964:
1955:
1953:
1951:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1883:
1876:
1871:
1862:
1860:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1834:
1832:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1806:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1770:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1594:
1582:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1549:
1544:
1540:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1517:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1480:De Jonkerboer
1477:
1472:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1450:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1330:Gysbert Japix
1326:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1139:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1095:
1090:
1086:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1057:resting on a
1056:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
992:
987:
983:
973:
971:
966:
962:
952:
950:
946:
942:
938:
937:stopgap words
934:
930:
926:
922:
914:
909:
905:
903:
899:
895:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
875:De Jonkerboer
872:
868:
864:
860:
857:, such as in
856:
852:
848:
844:
839:
837:
833:
829:
828:
823:
822:nationalistic
819:
818:freedom hymns
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
795:It Libbensein
792:
788:
787:Op Anna's Dea
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
751:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
696:
694:
690:
686:
682:
677:
673:
668:
666:
662:
661:De Jonkerboer
659:), and 1858 (
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
629:
626:
625:short fiction
622:
617:
613:
608:
605:
604:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
565:
563:
558:
552:
550:
546:
545:Op Anna's Dea
542:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
511:
507:
503:
500:
496:
490:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
442:
440:
436:
431:
430:
425:
421:
410:
408:
404:
400:
395:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
368:
366:
362:
358:
353:
349:
345:
341:
331:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
304:
302:
298:
295:(1789–1869),
294:
290:
286:
282:
267:
265:
261:
257:
256:
251:
247:
243:
242:
237:
233:
229:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
179:
175:
171:
167:
164:
163:
158:
157:
153:
151:Notable works
149:
145:
141:
138:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
112:
108:
104:
100:
97:
93:
89:
85:
82:
79:
75:
71:
67:
58:22 March 1858
57:
53:
49:
45:
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
2859:
2851:
2847:
2837:
2834:Wadman, Anne
2827:
2817:
2807:
2789:
2771:
2754:
2736:
2728:
2710:
2702:
2684:
2674:
2656:
2641:
2623:
2620:De Vries, S.
2605:
2597:
2579:
2571:
2553:
2497:
2488:
2479:
2458:
2449:
2440:
2431:
2422:
2413:
2405:
2390:
2386:
2377:
2368:
2359:
2350:
2341:
2332:
2259:
2250:
2241:
2232:
2081:
2048:
2021:
2000:
1963:
1882:
1877:, pp. 10–11.
1874:
1870:
1769:
1578:
1569:
1560:
1551:
1542:
1533:
1524:
1515:
1506:
1497:
1488:
1479:
1471:De Quickborn
1470:
1461:
1452:
1443:
1434:
1425:
1416:
1407:
1398:
1394:
1381:
1368:
1359:
1346:
1337:
1324:
1315:
1306:
1297:
1288:
1279:
1270:
1261:
1252:
1243:
1242:1839–1841 –
1234:
1225:
1216:
1203:
1190:
1181:
1172:
1159:
1150:
1141:
1132:
1119:
1110:
1097:
1088:
1079:
1073:Bibliography
1066:
1031:stone tablet
1028:
1023:
1015:
1012:
1007:
1003:
989:
979:
958:
924:
920:
918:
898:Dithmarschen
887:De Quickborn
886:
874:
870:
862:
858:
850:
840:
825:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
778:
766:
762:
758:
752:
747:
735:
732:Nachdichtung
731:
727:
724:Ludwig Hölty
715:
711:
697:
669:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
632:
630:
609:
601:
582:street songs
571:
557:guardianship
553:
548:
544:
538:
494:
491:
479:Tweede Kamer
458:
450:
443:
427:
416:
396:
369:
365:City Frisian
344:Latin school
337:
323:
305:
278:
253:
239:
227:
200:
188:
187:
160:
154:
120:19th century
81:West Frisian
60:(1858-03-22)
2881:1858 deaths
2876:1797 births
2408:, p. 10-11.
2393:, p. 66-67.
1035:gable stone
902:Klaus Groth
785:Flowers"),
700:Romanticism
586:Netherlands
520:Gable stone
407:countryside
203:, pron. ) (
137:Romanticism
102:Citizenship
87:Nationality
48:Netherlands
2870:Categories
1590:References
1387:historical
1347:De Grytman
1338:Wettersang
970:Leeuwarden
891:Low German
815:rhetorical
803:Ald Jan-om
777:, such as
704:Heidelberg
578:Heidelberg
510:Overijssel
467:Hungarians
451:De Grytman
420:melancholy
392:obstetrics
384:Heidelberg
340:Leeuwarden
328:Gelderland
308:Mennonites
69:Occupation
1374:Batthyany
1052:limestone
965:Tsjalling
941:metaphors
933:Gibberish
847:realistic
655:), 1854 (
651:), 1840 (
594:afterword
499:Mennonite
399:Purmerend
357:commuting
352:Amsterdam
334:Education
312:Calvinist
297:Tsjalling
285:Friesland
232:Tsjalling
146:1822–1858
2848:Foarwurd
1358:1848 – '
1354:"; poem)
1352:Grietman
1165:dialogue
1059:pedestal
996:literary
986:Deventer
767:It Famke
759:It Marke
744:Bolsward
637:spelling
590:linguist
541:Bolsward
506:Deventer
502:minister
487:radicals
455:Grietman
429:bohémien
289:merchant
177:Children
77:Language
2544:Sources
1577:1871 –
1568:18?? –
1559:18?? –
1550:18?? –
1541:18?? –
1532:18?? –
1523:18?? –
1514:18?? –
1505:18?? –
1496:18?? –
1487:1858 –
1478:1858 –
1469:1857 –
1460:1855 –
1451:1855 –
1442:1855 –
1433:1855 –
1424:1855 –
1415:1854 –
1406:1853 –
1393:1851 –
1380:1851 –
1367:1849 –
1345:1847 –
1336:1846 –
1323:1844 –
1314:1843 –
1305:1842 –
1296:1842 –
1287:1841 –
1278:1841 –
1269:1841 –
1260:1841 –
1251:1840 –
1233:1837 –
1224:1837 –
1215:1836 –
1202:1836 –
1189:1835 –
1180:1834 –
1171:1833 –
1158:1833 –
1149:1831 –
1140:1830 –
1131:1829 –
1118:1823 –
1109:1823 –
1096:1822 –
1087:1822 –
1078:1821 –
1063:granite
1020:reprint
1000:critics
894:dialect
879:critics
841:In his
834:of the
811:mariner
775:elegies
771:Arcadia
755:idyllic
708:frisify
676:emotion
598:reprint
596:to the
584:in the
483:slavery
469:in the
372:Holland
361:boarded
348:orphans
316:mariner
262:of the
209:Frisian
193:Frisian
2854:, in:
2796:
2778:
2759:
2743:
2731:, in:
2717:
2705:, in:
2691:
2663:
2648:
2630:
2612:
2600:, in:
2586:
2574:, in:
2560:
1395:Riurtk
1350:("The
1207:("The
1055:column
1044:statue
976:Legacy
929:squire
865:("The
855:ironic
781:("The
574:Justus
535:Family
453:("The
380:Leiden
250:oeuvre
221:poetry
217:Justus
199:form:
169:Spouse
117:Period
955:Death
949:Dutch
883:motif
843:prose
824:song
562:elegy
526:, by
475:Dutch
435:Deism
424:doubt
401:, in
236:prose
197:Dutch
125:Genre
111:Dutch
2850:and
2794:ISBN
2776:ISBN
2757:ISBN
2741:ISBN
2715:ISBN
2689:ISBN
2661:ISBN
2655:――,
2646:ISBN
2628:ISBN
2610:ISBN
2584:ISBN
2558:ISBN
1209:Norg
1048:bust
961:Grou
913:Grou
867:Norg
783:Leek
740:fair
722:and
687:nor
663:and
524:Grou
426:; a
422:and
281:Grou
270:Life
223:and
205:Grou
55:Died
44:Grou
38:Born
1397:or
1061:of
904:.
900:by
667:).
600:of
504:in
2872::
2858:,
2846:,
2836:,
2826:,
2816:,
2806:,
2788:,
2770:,
2753:,
2735:,
2727:,
2709:,
2701:,
2683:,
2673:,
2640:,
2622:,
2604:,
2596:,
2578:,
2570:,
2552:,
2530:^
2518:^
2506:^
2467:^
2398:^
2320:^
2308:^
2294:^
2280:^
2268:^
2218:^
2198:^
2186:^
2148:^
2130:^
2104:^
2090:^
2057:^
2030:^
2009:^
1984:^
1972:^
1949:^
1917:^
1891:^
1858:^
1842:^
1830:^
1804:^
1778:^
1739:^
1725:^
1633:^
1597:^
1372:("
1328:("
639::
441:.
266:.
2800:.
2782:.
2763:.
2721:.
2695:.
2667:.
2634:.
2564:.
1198:)
1167:)
1127:)
1105:)
915:.
530:.
191:(
50:)
46:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
