350:
311:
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625:. A wide, large capacity (mud) bucket with a straight cutting edge is used for cleanup and levelling or where the material to be dug is soft, and teeth are not required. A general purpose (GP) bucket is generally smaller, stronger, and has hardened side cutters and teeth used to break through hard ground and rocks. Buckets have numerous shapes and sizes for various applications. There are also many other attachments that are available to be attached to the excavator for boring, ripping, crushing, cutting, lifting, etc. Attachments can be attached with pins similar to other parts of the arm or with some variety of
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581:, engine, fuel and hydraulic oil tanks. The house attaches to the undercarriage by way of a center pin. High-pressure oil is supplied to the tracks' hydraulic motors through a hydraulic swivel at the axis of the pin, allowing the machine to slew 360° unhindered and thus provides the left-and-right movement. The arm provides the up-and-down and closer-and-further (or digging movement) movements. Arms typically consist of a boom, stick and bucket with three joints between them and the house.
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562:; this third circuit allows for reduced physical effort when operating the controls. Generally, the 3 pumps used in excavators consist of 2 variable displacement piston pumps and a gear pump. The arrangement of the pumps in the excavator unit changes with different manufacturers using different formats.
535:; their largest model is the largest excavator available (developed and produced by the Orenstein & Koppel, Germany, until the takeover 2011 by Caterpillar, named »RH400«), the CAT 6090, which weighs in excess of 2,160,510 pounds (979,990 kg), has 4500 hp, and a bucket as large as 52.0 m.
653:
There are two main types of control configuration used in excavators to control the boom and bucket, each distributing the four primary digging functions across two x-y joysticks. This allows a skilled operator to control all four functions simultaneously. The most popular configuration in the US is
617:
Attached to the end of the boom is the stick (or dipper arm). The stick provides the digging movement needed to pull the bucket through the ground. The stick length is optional depending whether reach (longer stick) or break-out power (shorter stick) is required. Most common is mono stick but there
641:
launched the world's first Zero Tail Swing excavator, which allows the counterweight to stay inside the width of the tracks as it slews, thus being safer and more user friendly when used in a confined space. This type of machine is now widely used throughout the world.
39:
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Before the 1990s, all excavators had a long or conventional counterweight that hung off the rear of the machine to provide more digging force and lifting capacity. This became a nuisance when working in confined areas. In 1993
109:. Another principle change was the direction of the digging action, with modern excavators pulling their buckets toward them like a dragline rather than pushing them away to fill them the way the first powered shovels did.
658:
configuration while in other parts of the world, the ISO control configuration is more common. Some manufacturers such as
Takeuchi have switches that allow the operator to select which control configuration to use.
40:
117:
Excavators are also called diggers, scoopers, mechanical shovels, or 360-degree excavators (sometimes abbreviated simply to "360"). Tracked excavators are sometimes called "trackhoes" by analogy to the
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1320:
569:, the house and the arm. The boom, the front part that is attached to the cab itself and holds the arm, is also used. The undercarriage includes tracks, track frame, and final drives, which have a
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Variable angle booms have additional joint in the middle of the boom to change the curvature of the boom. These are also called triple-articulated booms (TAB) or 3 piece booms.
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Another option is a hinge at the base of the boom allowing it to hydraulically pivot up to 180° independent to the house; however, this is generally available only to
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when steam was replaced by diesel and electric power). All excavation-related movement and functions of a hydraulic excavator are accomplished through the use of
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which allows attachments rotate 360 degrees and tilt +/- 45 degrees, in order to increase the flexibility and precision of the excavator.
760:,a crusher and screening buckets the excavator is frequently used in many applications other than excavation. Many excavators feature a
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for simplified attachment mounting, increasing the machine's utilization on the jobsite. Excavators are usually employed together with
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The boom attaches to the house and provides the up-and-down movement. It can be one of several different configurations:
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and some medium-sized (11 to 18-tonne) excavators have a backfill (or dozer) blade. This is a horizontal
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attached to the undercarriage and is used for leveling and pushing removed material back into a hole.
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Modern hydraulic excavators come in a wide variety of sizes. The smaller ones are called mini or
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and cab on a rotating platform known as the "house" - although the largest form ever, the
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1968:"How Material Handling Excavators and Purpose-Built Material Handlers Get the Job Done"
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Hydraulic excavator controls illustration, color of the control matches the moving part
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and gearing providing the drive to the individual tracks. Undercarriage can also have
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Most common are mono booms; these have no movement apart from straight up and down.
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1000:- subsidiary with Komatsu, operated as L&T Komatsu for Indian market
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1164: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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excavation. With the advent of hydraulic-powered attachments such as a
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495: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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to access fragile underground infrastructure using high pressure water
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similar to that of a bulldozer. The house includes the operator cab,
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Hydraulic excavators usually couple engine power to (commonly) three
531:
smallest mini-excavator weighs 2,060 pounds (930 kg) and has 13
379:
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Excavator, SH200 Sumitomo, in storage/parking lot for 8-10 units in
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974:- subsidiary organization of Kobe Steel, also producing Kobelco
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1855:"Industrial Expe ..Lasso Gives More Power To The Hy-Mac Elbow"
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546:. The two main pumps supply oil at high pressure (up to 5000
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The modern excavator's house sits atop an undercarriage with
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which can also move left and right in line with the machine.
126:, wheeled excavators are sometimes known as "rubber ducks".
1499:
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1089:- owned by Hitachi Construction Machinery for Indian market
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2095:"Screening and Crushing Equipment Attachments | Al Marwan"
1192:
As of July 2021, current excavator manufacturers include:
1022:- the excavator market was fully owned by Caterpillar Inc.
1825:"Yandram.com - What is an excavator? What is it made of?"
898:
Heavy
Industries & Machinery) - including Solar brand
1063:- subsidiary corporation of Volvo Construction Equipment
316:
Caterpillar 315C L Excavator cleaning up tornado debris
123:
162:
Brush cutting with hydraulic saw and mower attachments
2044:"How it works: The track motor spool in an Excavator"
260:
A cable-operated excavator under the
Northwest (now
744:Hydraulic excavators now perform tasks well beyond
378:A smaller excavator is digging for the laying of a
2160:
565:The three main sections of an excavator are the
70:, eliminated the dipper in favor of a line and
2041:
1992:"Tips to Help You Operate Your Mini Excavator"
629:. Excavators in Scandinavia often feature a
2018:"300.9D Mini Excavator | Cat | Caterpillar"
822:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
701:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1885:"First Wind Farm In Nh To Begin Operation"
618:are also, for example, telescopic sticks.
2070:"Yanmar America Corporation - Excavators"
1180:Learn how and when to remove this message
842:Learn how and when to remove this message
721:Learn how and when to remove this message
511:Learn how and when to remove this message
1129:
783:
732:
662:
644:
583:
558:, 48 bar) pump for pilot control of the
133:
33:
18:
1321:Guangxi Yuchai Heavy Industry Co., Ltd.
2161:
588:The principle of a hydraulic excavator
343:A New Holland E215 in Hamburg, Germany
105:, which replaced winches, chains, and
2050:from the original on 17 February 2016
2035:
1998:from the original on 31 December 2013
1895:from the original on 12 November 2020
1701:
1033:(O&K) - ceased operations in 1999
621:On the end of the stick is usually a
328:An L&T Komatsu excavator seen in
1922:from the original on 19 October 2012
1916:"Types of Excavators and Their Uses"
1835:from the original on 29 January 2023
1162:adding citations to reliable sources
1133:
820:adding citations to reliable sources
787:
699:adding citations to reliable sources
666:
493:adding citations to reliable sources
464:
138:House demolition by an excavator in
2119:"PT. Pindad (Persero) - Alat Berat"
1510:Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery
1331:Lovol Heavy Industry Group Co., Ltd
1306:Sunward Intelligent Equipment Group
1087:Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery
13:
2042:Lance Lefebure (2 December 2010).
1913:
145:Excavators are used in many ways:
14:
2200:
2140:
1865:from the original on 4 March 2017
460:
304:CAT 5230 in coal mining operation
2146:
1972:AEM Tradeshows - ConExpo Con/Agg
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362:, USA, 2001. Note the hydraulic
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176:with hydraulic claw, cutter and
2125:from the original on 2021-04-25
2111:
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2024:from the original on 2023-10-09
1944:. H.E. Services. Archived from
1316:Xiamen XGMA Machinery Co., Ltd.
1149:needs additional citations for
1051:Sandvik Mining and Construction
480:needs additional citations for
89:(which itself evolved into the
2010:
1984:
1960:
1934:
1907:
1877:
1847:
1817:
1208:Hitachi Construction Machinery
922:Hitachi Construction Machinery
280:Liebherr 314 wheeled excavator
112:
16:Type of construction equipment
1:
1810:
292:Link-Belt excavator trenching
228:or hydraulic drill attachment
47:Hydraulic excavator in action
1652:- produces Sumitomo and CASE
1462:Volvo Construction Equipment
1103:Volvo Construction Equipment
1046:Volvo Construction Equipment
1044:→The business was bought by
85:, being an evolution of the
56:heavy construction equipment
7:
1696:
1020:Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
1011:- ceased operations in 1997
1009:Marion Power Shovel Company
877:Case Construction Equipment
186:, especially, but not only
140:Invermere, British Columbia
10:
2207:
1914:-F, Kevin (31 July 2009).
1409:LBX (Link-Belt) Excavators
962:LBX (Link-Belt) Excavators
542:rather than to mechanical
58:primarily consisting of a
2099:Al Marwan Heavy Machinery
1072:Sumitomo Heavy Industries
1758:
1262:Hyundai Heavy Industries
937:Hyundai Heavy Industries
210:, in conjunction with a
129:
942:International Harvester
1753:Bucket-wheel excavator
1031:Orenstein & Koppel
741:
650:
589:
142:
48:
31:
1644:Italy-USA-Netherlands
1389:Bucyrus International
1130:Current manufacturers
872:Bucyrus International
784:Notable manufacturers
736:
663:Excavator attachments
648:
587:
137:
62:, dipper (or stick),
46:
22:
2174:Excavating equipment
2155:at Wikimedia Commons
2058:– via YouTube.
1728:Amphibious excavator
1723:Long reach excavator
1158:improve this article
816:improve this section
778:bulldozer-like blade
695:improve this section
489:improve this article
360:Louisville, Kentucky
1573:Switzerland-Germany
1213:Kato Works Co. Ltd.
998:Larsen & Toubro
599:Some others have a
550:, 345 bar) for the
99:hydraulic cylinders
1859:The Glasgow Herald
1718:Dragline excavator
1702:Types of excavator
742:
651:
608:compact excavators
590:
525:compact excavators
358:350L excavator in
246:Aircraft recycling
143:
68:dragline excavator
49:
32:
2151:Media related to
1942:"Komatsu PW130-7"
1889:Bangor Daily News
1800:Skid-steer loader
1790:Mining simulation
1770:Civil engineering
1748:Walking excavator
1743:Suction excavator
1713:Compact excavator
1708:Crawler Excavator
1419:Terex Corporation
1190:
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1093:Terex Corporation
852:
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723:
521:
520:
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424:Crawler excavator
406:crawler excavator
399:Waterways Ireland
382:cable in central
220:for footings and
169:Forestry mulching
159:Material handling
44:
2196:
2189:Tracked vehicles
2184:Mining equipment
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2130:
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2072:. Archived from
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1948:on 29 March 2010
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1861:. June 9, 1962.
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1399:Caterpillar Inc.
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201:Hydro excavation
103:hydraulic motors
45:
23:An excavator in
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2179:Heavy equipment
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1891:. Jan 9, 2006.
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737:Excavator with
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571:hydraulic motor
540:hydraulic pumps
527:. For example,
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436:Crawler chassis
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2141:External links
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1170:September 2023
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867:Bobcat Company
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849:
832:September 2023
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752:, a cutter, a
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461:Configurations
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2096:
2090:
2076:on 2010-03-30
2075:
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1534:Wacker Neuson
1532:
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1383:United States
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1147:This section
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1108:Wacker Neuson
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811:
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801:This section
799:
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771:
767:
763:
762:quick coupler
759:
755:
751:
747:
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714:
711:February 2021
704:
700:
696:
690:
689:
685:
680:This section
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647:
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627:quick coupler
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619:
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582:
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579:counterweight
576:
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568:
567:undercarriage
563:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
536:
534:
530:
529:Caterpillar's
526:
515:
512:
504:
501:February 2021
494:
490:
484:
483:
478:This section
476:
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222:rock blasting
219:
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175:
172:
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165:Forestry work
164:
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30:
26:
21:
2127:. Retrieved
2113:
2102:. Retrieved
2098:
2089:
2078:. Retrieved
2074:the original
2064:
2052:. Retrieved
2037:
2026:. Retrieved
2012:
2000:. Retrieved
1986:
1975:. Retrieved
1971:
1962:
1950:. Retrieved
1946:the original
1936:
1924:. Retrieved
1909:
1897:. Retrieved
1888:
1879:
1867:. Retrieved
1858:
1849:
1837:. Retrieved
1829:Yandram Blog
1828:
1819:
1805:SAE controls
1738:Steam shovel
1733:Power shovel
1683:
1675:
1663:
1655:
1643:
1621:
1610:
1602:
1591:
1583:
1572:
1557:
1546:
1538:
1529:ThyssenKrupp
1522:
1514:
1493:
1485:
1474:
1466:
1450:
1442:
1431:
1423:
1382:
1374:
1355:ProtoMicroTP
1343:
1335:
1274:
1266:
1250:
1242:
1202:
1191:
1176:
1167:
1156:Please help
1151:verification
1148:
967:ThyssenKrupp
838:
829:
814:Please help
802:
743:
717:
708:
693:Please help
681:
656:SAE controls
652:
635:
620:
616:
601:knuckle boom
591:
564:
560:spool valves
537:
522:
507:
498:
487:Please help
482:verification
479:
405:
232:Snow removal
144:
116:
91:power shovel
87:steam shovel
76:
51:
50:
2002:29 December
1926:29 December
1899:29 December
1869:29 December
1414:New Holland
1067:St Kinetics
1026:New Holland
882:Caterpillar
857:14. oktobar
631:tiltrotator
544:drivetrains
412:maintenance
408:, used for
356:Caterpillar
242:attachments
240:snow blower
212:pile driver
180:attachments
155:foundations
149:Digging of
113:Terminology
107:steel ropes
2169:Excavators
2163:Categories
2153:Excavators
2129:2021-04-25
2104:2024-06-27
2080:2009-11-22
2028:2023-10-03
1977:2024-07-23
1839:29 January
1811:References
1457:Sandvik AB
1404:John Deere
1370:Mini-pelle
1360:Mini-pelle
947:John Deere
912:Fiat-Allis
894:(formerly
887:CNH Global
770:bulldozers
174:Demolition
52:Excavators
1765:Bulldozer
1672:(Persero)
1670:PT Pindad
1664:Indonesia
803:does not
682:does not
380:broadband
216:Drilling
153:, holes,
122:. In the
2123:Archived
2048:Archived
2022:Archived
1996:Archived
1952:13 April
1920:Archived
1893:Archived
1863:Archived
1833:Archived
1697:See also
1690:Hidromek
1579:Liebherr
1326:Zoomlion
1233:SUMITOMO
1123:Zoomlion
1082:Takeuchi
1004:Mahindra
983:Liebherr
932:Hidromek
236:snowplow
206:Driving
196:dredging
151:trenches
25:Alicante
1795:Tractor
1611:Algeria
1523:Germany
1505:L&T
1438:Hydrema
1432:Denmark
1394:Case CE
1350:Mecalac
1301:Shantui
1286:Lonking
1281:LiuGong
1218:Kobelco
1077:Shantui
1042:Samsung
1037:Poclain
993:Lonking
988:LiuGong
972:Kobelco
957:Komatsu
927:Hydrema
824:removed
809:sources
774:compact
766:loaders
754:grapple
750:breaker
739:grapple
703:removed
688:sources
455:in 2008
386:in 2021
268:grounds
178:breaker
120:backhoe
97:, with
1785:Loader
1684:Turkey
1547:Russia
1451:Sweden
1344:France
1257:Doosan
1238:Yanmar
1228:Kubota
1118:Yanmar
978:Kubota
896:Daewoo
756:or an
746:bucket
639:Yanmar
623:bucket
402:Daewoo
218:shafts
184:Mining
83:wheels
79:tracks
64:bucket
2054:5 May
1759:Other
1617:ENMTP
1598:HEPCO
1494:India
1365:JMEKA
1275:China
1251:Korea
1203:Japan
917:HEPCO
902:ENMTP
862:Atlas
758:auger
575:blade
453:Japan
450:Chiba
410:canal
384:Ystad
364:thumb
330:India
262:Terex
234:with
226:auger
208:piles
193:River
130:Usage
72:winch
29:Spain
2056:2018
2004:2013
1954:2010
1928:2013
1901:2013
1871:2013
1841:2023
1592:Iran
1500:BEML
1311:XCMG
1296:SDLG
1291:SANY
1113:XCMG
1061:SDLG
1056:Sany
907:Ford
807:any
805:cite
768:and
686:any
684:cite
654:the
552:arms
238:and
101:and
60:boom
54:are
1481:JCB
1160:by
952:JCB
818:by
697:by
556:psi
548:psi
491:by
81:or
2165::
2121:.
2097:.
2046:.
2020:.
1994:.
1970:.
1918:.
1887:.
1857:.
1831:.
1827:.
533:hp
124:UK
74:.
27:,
2132:.
2107:.
2083:.
2031:.
2006:.
1980:.
1956:.
1930:.
1903:.
1873:.
1843:.
1183:)
1177:(
1172:)
1168:(
1154:.
845:)
839:(
834:)
830:(
826:.
812:.
724:)
718:(
713:)
709:(
705:.
691:.
610:.
514:)
508:(
503:)
499:(
485:.
366:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
