1482:
1311:
1339:
1211:
2045:. How a firm chooses to cost major and minor repairs vary from firm to firm depending on the costing strategies being used. Some firms will charge only major repairs to the equipment while minor repairs are costed to a project. Another common costing strategy is to cost all repairs to the equipment and only frequently replaced wear items are excluded from the equipment cost. Many firms keep their costing structure closely guarded as it can impact the bidding strategies of their competition. In a company with multiple semi-independent divisions, the equipment department often wants to classify all repairs as "minor" and charge the work to a job – therefore improving their 'profit' from the equipment.
1284:
265:
1148:
1370:
1391:
1299:
2252:
2190:
1462:
177:
2314:
1243:
1262:
1418:
1179:
1351:
233:
245:
3985:
3838:
2407:
1688:
3884:
3797:
2221:
2128:
1323:
3785:
3896:
3947:
3872:
3773:
1231:
3560:
1447:
3920:
3973:
3961:
1195:
3997:
3908:
2376:
2283:
3604:
4021:
3937:
3860:
3044:
2345:
2159:
3761:
3582:
2916:
257:
4009:
3809:
1680:
45:
374:
to place solid building materials, but these labor-saving devices did not lend themselves to earthmoving, which required digging, raising, moving, and placing loose materials. The two elements required for mechanized earthmoving, then as now, were an independent power source and off-road mobility,
1703:
applicable to more severe service requirements, tires are used where greater speed or mobility is required. An understanding of what equipment will be used for during the life of the tires is required for proper selection. Tire selection can have a significant impact on production and unit cost.
1210:
1147:
1310:
1740:
mining and logging. Within these service categories are various tread types designed for use on hard-packed surface, soft surface and rock. Tires are a large expense on any construction project, careful consideration should be given to prevent excessive wear or damage.
391:
Most of the major equipment manufacturers such as
Caterpillar, Volvo, Liebherr, and Bobcat have released or have been developing fully or partially electric-powered heavy equipment. Commercially-available models and R&D models were announced in 2019 and 2020.
1844:
can be calculated several ways, the simplest is the straight-line method. The annual depreciation is constant, reducing the equipment value annually. The following are simple equations paraphrased from the
Peurifoy & Schexnayder text:
1481:
1786:
Due to the small profit margins on construction projects it is important to maintain accurate records concerning equipment utilization, repairs and maintenance. The two main categories of equipment costs are ownership cost and
1390:
154:). However, plant originally meant "structure" or "establishment" – usually in the sense of factory or warehouse premises; as such, it was used in contradistinction to movable machinery, e.g. often in the phrase "plant
138:
between input force applied and force exerted is multiplied, making tasks which could take hundreds of people and weeks of labor without heavy equipment far less intensive in nature. Some equipment uses
358:– moved with animal and human powered, sleds, barges, and wagons. This tool was the principal method by which material was either sidecast or elevated to load a conveyance, usually a
1242:
1417:
1338:
388:
Nowadays such is the importance of this machinery, some transport companies have developed specific equipment to transport heavy construction equipment to and from sites.
3788:
1350:
366:. In antiquity, an equivalent of the hand shovel or hoe and head basket—and masses of men—were used to move earth to build civil works. Builders have long used the
3899:
3875:
3923:
3709:
1461:
395:
Robotics and autonomy has been a growing concern for heavy equipment manufacturers with manufacturers beginning research and technology acquisition. A
3976:
2887:
2768:
2715:
3863:
1799:
To classify as an ownership cost an expense must have been incurred regardless of if the equipment is used or not. These costs are as follows:
17:
1261:
1488:
4674:
3142:
1369:
677:
1955:
For an expense to be classified as an operating cost, it must be incurred through use of the equipment. These costs are as follows:
2948:
4719:
3650:
272:
Until the 19th century and into the early 20th century heavy machines were drawn under human or animal power. With the advent of
3702:
3660:
2508:
2742:
312:
was in many cases replaced by hydraulic machinery. The early 20th century also saw new electric-powered machines such as the
150:, in this context, has come to mean any type of industrial equipment, including mobile equipment (e.g. in the same sense as
1283:
1178:
1298:
3625:
2806:
3595:
3160:
2523:
2398:
2042:
4129:
3727:
3695:
2853:
2836:
2816:
2612:
831:
347:, and later for civilian machinery like the bulldozer. The largest engineering vehicles and mobile land machines are
2848:
Bartholomew, S.H. "Estimating and
Bidding for Heavy Construction" CSU Chico, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall,
2661:
2920:
1079:
31:
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1006:
745:
192:
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1322:
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3800:
1778:
researches and makes recommendations about safety for these and other workers in safety-sensitive positions.
1774:
Much publication about heavy equipment operators focuses on improving safety for such workers. The field of
1224:
pump, mixer-truck, and a specialized auger that allows pumping concrete through its axis while withdrawn.
2941:
2602:
2274:
1468:
476:
2688:
4690:
3573:
2453:
1194:
38:
4290:
3735:
2057:
396:
321:
293:
276:
steam-powered engines the drawn machine precursors were reconfigured with the new engines, such as the
1071:
354:"Until almost the twentieth century, one simple tool constituted the primary earthmoving machine: the
4593:
3988:
3665:
3090:
2543:
2458:
3182:
1771:
may operate heavy equipment, and there is specialized training for learning to use heavy equipment.
4840:
4669:
4659:
4531:
4521:
4351:
4089:
3887:
3718:
3395:
3295:
3290:
2533:
2493:
1750:
1404:
1169:
1084:
336:
80:
2831:
Peurifoy & Schexnayder "Construction
Planning Equipment, and Methods" McGraw Hill 6th edition
4509:
4484:
4424:
4104:
4045:
3630:
3620:
3615:
3568:
3485:
2934:
1271:
309:
280:. The design of a core tractor evolved around the new steam power source into a new machine core
167:
4772:
4583:
4397:
4233:
4208:
4059:
4038:
3930:
3655:
3645:
3105:
2574:
1267:
1168:
attached to the front that is used to push other equipment and construction materials, such as
520:
348:
264:
140:
96:
4459:
4268:
3776:
3635:
3075:
2073:
are often produced for each vehicle to give to prospective customers. These are typically in
1775:
1654:
1453:
996:
974:
659:
654:
1446:
4812:
4664:
4621:
4514:
4439:
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3675:
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2646:
1097:
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782:
637:
595:
531:
500:
221:
127:
8:
4588:
4578:
4134:
4119:
4079:
4052:
3827:
3817:
3640:
3172:
3150:
1555:
1056:
1034:
890:
841:
801:
796:
471:
2662:"Caterpillar unveils an all-electric 26-ton excavator with a giant 300 kWh battery pack"
1575:
870:
4539:
4248:
4031:
3950:
3490:
3465:
2503:
1985:
1649:
1408:
1357:
1290:
1158:
1088:
739:
709:
556:
510:
72:
2716:"Liebherr's prototype battery-powered LB 16 drilling rig has 10-hour run time (VIDEO)"
1716:
for transporting as well as digging. Off-highway tires have six categories of service
672:
4636:
4382:
4273:
4243:
4094:
3495:
3475:
3110:
3021:
2996:
2849:
2832:
2812:
1700:
1674:
1670:
1424:
1400:
1075:
770:
551:
546:
505:
466:
277:
217:
185:
107:
1618:
419:
These subdivisions, in this order, are the standard heavy equipment categorization.
4686:
4573:
4464:
4429:
4404:
4263:
4084:
3425:
3327:
3155:
3052:
2642:
2119:
2078:
2037:. A major repair can change the depreciable equipment value due to an extension in
1540:
1117:
932:
875:
721:
456:
400:
382:
332:
317:
3911:
176:
4802:
4626:
4544:
4479:
4474:
4372:
4238:
4109:
3964:
3100:
2607:
2150:
2029:
The biggest distinction from a cost standpoint is if a repair is classified as a
1768:
1217:
1154:
1051:
927:
816:
791:
615:
378:
325:
281:
273:
249:
227:
208:
119:
48:
Heavy equipment vehicles of various types parked near a highway construction site
232:
4749:
4641:
4558:
4362:
4124:
4114:
4000:
3470:
3365:
3257:
3198:
3070:
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2412:
1826:
1788:
1594:
1550:
1427:
1397:
1248:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1112:
1107:
1102:
991:
826:
649:
590:
578:
408:
404:
367:
237:
131:
4679:
4834:
4777:
4616:
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4213:
3535:
3520:
3515:
3400:
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3085:
2990:
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2579:
2226:
2133:
1809:
1631:
1600:
1503:
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1026:
912:
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885:
866:
861:
305:
285:
3984:
3837:
3540:
1821:
1687:
1610:
4797:
4792:
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4762:
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4392:
4223:
3940:
3883:
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3480:
3442:
3432:
3385:
3317:
3302:
3247:
3127:
3095:
3080:
3027:
3011:
2689:"Volvo CE gets $ 2M grant to test electric excavator, loader in California"
2443:
2062:
2038:
1841:
1764:
1046:
1021:
1001:
846:
821:
811:
806:
758:
536:
363:
301:
244:
200:
76:
3849:
3784:
1699:
for various construction applications. While many types of equipment have
922:
4807:
4504:
4387:
4326:
3895:
3545:
3337:
3252:
3132:
3065:
3060:
2985:
2569:
2438:
2319:
2066:
1760:
1644:
1626:
1605:
1589:
1521:
1472:
1251:
L bulldozer, excavators and other heavy equipment vehicles parked near a
1016:
1011:
953:
942:
937:
917:
851:
727:
359:
355:
344:
289:
213:
196:
114:
106:
Heavy equipment has been used since at least the 1st century BC when the
100:
3946:
3871:
3772:
4631:
4611:
4499:
4311:
4306:
4228:
4218:
4099:
3844:
3764:
3525:
3226:
3033:
3006:
2473:
2463:
2433:
2212:
2082:
2074:
1980:
1972:
1883:
1564:
1532:
969:
880:
836:
786:
692:
687:
461:
151:
4787:
4767:
4653:
4469:
4454:
4070:
4012:
3812:
3505:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3370:
3360:
3177:
3167:
3122:
3117:
3016:
2793:
1831:
1329:
1185:
957:
895:
620:
600:
541:
525:
429:
188:
110:
88:
375:
neither of which could be provided by the technology of that time."
4817:
4704:
4434:
4409:
4336:
4253:
3919:
3500:
3460:
3375:
3312:
3285:
3221:
3216:
3187:
2957:
2589:
2559:
2488:
2305:
1976:
1376:
1221:
948:
856:
440:
313:
297:
204:
3972:
3960:
2633:
Haycraft, William R. (2011). "History of
Construction Equipment".
4757:
4729:
4414:
4341:
4331:
4321:
4316:
4024:
3996:
3510:
3420:
3352:
3342:
3322:
3307:
3280:
3275:
3237:
3001:
2564:
2554:
2513:
2367:
1996:
1559:
1508:
1435:
1360:
1275:
1161:
625:
605:
573:
515:
450:
445:
435:
3907:
3043:
742:(payloader, front loader, wheel loader, integrated tool carrier)
4739:
4734:
4724:
4714:
4646:
4419:
4367:
4177:
4020:
3936:
3859:
3530:
3437:
3242:
2915:
2584:
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2518:
2381:
2288:
1545:
1431:
1252:
1201:
979:
697:
682:
561:
488:
371:
256:
3760:
228:
From horses, through steam and diesel, to electric and robotic
92:
4192:
3332:
2888:"Construction equipment manufacturers: world equipment sales"
2866:
2478:
2468:
2350:
2257:
2195:
2164:
2013:
1814:
1804:
1639:
1516:
1438:
1165:
135:
4008:
3808:
1496:
320:
is a present-day brand from these days, starting out as the
4187:
4182:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4147:
3231:
2960:
2483:
2243:
2181:
1966:
1696:
340:
2743:"Construction Equipment Goes Electric, But Hurdles Remain"
1679:
1664:
44:
3267:
3208:
2804:
2528:
610:
2794:
U.S. Department of Labor – Occupational
Outlook Handbook
2769:"Caterpillar Announces Acquisition of Robotic Expertise"
2615:, the trade association for heavy equipment distributors
1363:
equipped with a large bucket elevated by hydraulic rams.
30:"Heavy machinery" redirects here. For other uses, see
2093:
The largest 10 heavy equipment manufacturers in 2022
184:The use of heavy equipment has a long history; the
2635:Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
1407:projects in a combat environment. In the picture:
296:became the major power source of heavy equipment.
27:Vehicles designed for executing construction tasks
180:Wheel Loaders and other industrial trucks parked
37:"Earthmover" redirects here. For other uses, see
4832:
2956:
2403:
2077:. The popular manufacturers of these models are
1316:Heavy duty excavator with large bucket equipped.
324:. The first mass-produced heavy machine was the
2217:
2124:
1755:A heavy equipment operator drives and operates
1487:Temporary roads deployment complex during the "
381:were used from the 1950s and onwards, and made
123:when it was powered via human or animal labor.
3703:
2942:
2310:
1704:There are three types of off-the-road tires,
3717:
2713:
1942:= $ 350,000 – ( 3 x $ 350,000/5) = $ 140,000
252:; a precursor to modern engineering vehicles
1744:
3710:
3696:
2949:
2935:
2740:
2714:Gruver Doyle, Marcia (November 18, 2019).
1712:for slow moving earthmoving machines, and
1344:Komatsu Dozer pushing coal on the job site
1497:Implements and hydromechanical work tools
2632:
2372:
2279:
2088:
1686:
1678:
263:
255:
243:
231:
175:
43:
2659:
2341:
2248:
2186:
2155:
1665:Traction: Off-the-road tires and tracks
339:. The use of tracks became popular for
191:(1st century BCE) gave descriptions of
14:
4833:
2686:
411:) commercial solutions to the market.
126:Heavy equipment functions through the
3691:
2930:
1695:Heavy equipment requires specialized
1236:Fixed crane in a coal mine in Germany
3581:
1220:are driven with a drilling machine,
216:was invented around 1500. The first
3603:
1981:filters (oil, air, fuel, hydraulic)
83:or other large construction tasks.
24:
2805:V. J. Davies, Ken Tomasin (1996).
2660:Lambert, Fred (January 29, 2019).
2647:10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000374
2524:Navistar International Corporation
2085:in Germany, even for US vehicles.
1858:N = equipment useful life (years)
871:Knuckleboom loader (trailer mount)
25:
4862:
3728:Offshore geotechnical engineering
2908:
2741:Rubenstone, Jeff (June 5, 2019).
2613:Associated Equipment Distributors
2041:, while a minor repair is normal
1950:
1794:
1781:
1569:hydraulic tilting bucket (4-in-1)
832:Electric overhead traveling crane
260:An early gasoline-powered tractor
79:tasks, most frequently involving
4019:
4007:
3995:
3983:
3971:
3959:
3945:
3935:
3918:
3906:
3894:
3882:
3870:
3858:
3836:
3807:
3795:
3783:
3771:
3759:
3602:
3580:
3559:
3558:
3042:
2914:
2405:
2374:
2343:
2312:
2281:
2250:
2219:
2188:
2157:
2126:
1480:
1460:
1445:
1416:
1389:
1368:
1349:
1337:
1321:
1309:
1297:
1282:
1260:
1241:
1229:
1209:
1193:
1177:
1164:and is characterized by a steel
1146:
362:, or a cart or wagon drawn by a
284:, that can be configured as the
32:Heavy machinery (disambiguation)
2880:
2867:"Heavy Equipment parts catalog"
2859:
2842:
1216:Iron bar reinforced foundation
1007:Horizontal directional drilling
945:(road roller, roller compactor)
673:Construction and mining tractor
143:as a primary source of motion.
2825:
2798:
2787:
2761:
2734:
2707:
2687:McLoud, Don (April 24, 2020).
2680:
2653:
2626:
2337:Hitachi Construction Machinery
2021:replacement of high-wear items
1691:Caterpillar track (circa 2009)
1580:mechanical pulverizer, crusher
172:History of steam road vehicles
75:specially designed to execute
18:Heavy equipment (construction)
13:
1:
4378:Mechanically stabilized earth
2619:
2428:Other manufacturers include:
1865:= Annual depreciation amount
1683:Continuous track (circa 1909)
1385:Military engineering vehicles
678:Construction and mining truck
477:Military engineering vehicles
304:engines were used, but today
4130:Hydraulic conductivity tests
2808:Construction Safety Handbook
2603:Construction equipment theft
2275:Volvo Construction Equipment
1469:armoured engineering vehicle
1304:Grader cleaning and leveling
980:Underground mining equipment
103:, and control/information.
7:
4691:Stress distribution in soil
2596:
2454:Case Construction Equipment
1072:Highway bottom dump (stiff)
294:internal-combustion engines
292:. During the 20th century,
39:Earthmover (disambiguation)
10:
4867:
3841:Pore pressure measurement
2058:Model construction vehicle
2055:
2018:3rd party service contract
1855:= some year in the future
1748:
1708:for earthmoving machines,
1668:
399:are currently developing (
322:Holt Manufacturing Company
268:Heavy equipment circa 1922
240:digging water-supply ditch
165:
161:
36:
29:
4748:
4703:
4602:
4594:Preconsolidation pressure
4566:
4557:
4530:
4350:
4299:
4286:
4201:
4155:
4146:
4069:
3989:Standard penetration test
3747:
3734:
3725:
3554:
3453:
3351:
3266:
3207:
3141:
3091:Hemispherical photography
3051:
3040:
2971:
2544:Orenstein and Koppel GmbH
2459:Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2051:
2010:
1993:
1960:
1915:
1850:
1767:projects. Typically only
1655:vibratory plate compactor
1157:N bulldozer evolved from
1139:
1067:Highway 10 yard rear dump
351:, built since the 1920s.
4090:California bearing ratio
3888:Rotary-pressure sounding
3719:Geotechnical engineering
3651:Machine and metalworking
3396:Lombard Steam Log Hauler
2494:Hyundai Heavy Industries
1751:Heavy equipment operator
1745:Heavy equipment operator
938:Pneumatic tire compactor
414:
337:Lombard Steam Log Hauler
4510:Geosynthetic clay liner
4485:Expanded clay aggregate
4105:Proctor compaction test
4046:Crosshole sonic logging
4032:Nuclear densometer test
3789:Geo-electrical sounding
3661:Measuring and alignment
2747:Engineering News-Record
1586:pavement removal bucket
1434:which is subsidiary of
1272:Garzweiler surface mine
1268:Bucket wheel excavators
1029:(rototiller, rotovator)
349:bucket-wheel excavators
310:Mechanical transmission
168:History of construction
87:usually comprises five
4846:Construction equipment
4773:Earthquake engineering
4584:Lateral earth pressure
4209:Hydraulic conductivity
4060:Wave equation analysis
4039:Exploration geophysics
3931:Deformation monitoring
3900:Rotary weight sounding
2575:Takeuchi Manufacturing
1692:
1684:
1619:sheep's foot compactor
1379:on a tracked grinder
521:Bucket-wheel excavator
269:
261:
253:
241:
186:ancient Roman engineer
181:
108:ancient Roman engineer
69:construction equipment
49:
3951:Settlement recordings
3876:Rock control drilling
3777:Cone penetration test
2089:Notable manufacturers
1776:occupational medicine
1690:
1682:
1576:material handling arm
975:Tunnel boring machine
660:Wheel tractor-scraper
335:vehicle was the 1901
331:The first commercial
267:
259:
247:
235:
179:
166:Further information:
65:construction vehicles
47:
4851:Engineering vehicles
4813:Agricultural science
4515:Cellular confinement
3626:Cutting and abrasive
3608:WikiProject Forestry
2923:at Wikimedia Commons
2108:Sales (billion USD)
783:Aerial work platform
638:Pipelayer (sideboom)
532:Long reach excavator
501:Amphibious excavator
432:(dozer, track dozer)
407:) or have launched (
222:Marc Isambard Brunel
128:mechanical advantage
81:earthwork operations
4705:Numerical analysis
4589:Overburden pressure
4579:Pore water pressure
4359:Shoring structures
4234:Reynolds' dilatancy
4135:Water content tests
4120:Triaxial shear test
4080:Soil classification
4053:Pile integrity test
3151:Aerial firefighting
1934:= 3 years from now
1200:The wheel trencher
1035:Hydraulic machinery
954:Vibratory compactor
891:Telescopic handlers
842:Level luffing crane
802:Bulk-handling crane
797:Block-setting crane
472:Crawler-transporter
397:number of companies
73:heavy-duty vehicles
4680:Slab stabilisation
4660:Stability analysis
3491:Hydraulic debarker
3466:Firewood processor
2811:. Thomas Telford.
2065:metal promotional
1820:major repairs and
1693:
1685:
1409:IDF Caterpillar D9
1133:Street sweep dozer
1128:Street sweep truck
1113:Concrete mix dozer
1108:Concrete mix truck
710:Articulated hauler
511:Dragline excavator
270:
262:
254:
242:
182:
50:
4828:
4827:
4699:
4698:
4675:Sliding criterion
4637:Response spectrum
4553:
4552:
4383:Pressure grouting
4282:
4281:
4142:
4141:
4095:Direct shear test
3801:Permeability test
3685:
3684:
3496:Log house moulder
3022:Tree planting bar
2997:Groasis Waterboxx
2919:Media related to
2425:
2424:
2027:
2026:
1948:
1947:
1817:from depreciation
1701:continuous tracks
1675:Caterpillar track
1671:Off-the-road tire
1533:demolition shears
1526:clam shell bucket
1425:Huta Stalowa Wola
1401:armored bulldozer
1188:Komatsu PC210-LC.
1076:pup (belly train)
771:Skid-steer loader
765:Skid-steer loader
552:Walking excavator
547:Suction excavator
506:Compact excavator
467:Artillery tractor
278:combine harvester
218:tunnelling shield
16:(Redirected from
4858:
4687:Bearing capacity
4574:Effective stress
4564:
4563:
4465:Land reclamation
4405:Land development
4300:Natural features
4297:
4296:
4264:Specific storage
4153:
4152:
4085:Atterberg limits
4023:
4011:
3999:
3987:
3975:
3963:
3949:
3939:
3924:Screw plate test
3922:
3910:
3898:
3886:
3874:
3862:
3840:
3811:
3799:
3787:
3775:
3763:
3745:
3744:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3689:
3688:
3606:
3605:
3584:
3583:
3562:
3561:
3541:Wood-drying kiln
3476:Forestry mulcher
3426:Washington Winch
3328:Portable sawmill
3143:Fire suppression
3046:
2951:
2944:
2937:
2928:
2927:
2918:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2863:
2857:
2846:
2840:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2802:
2796:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2765:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2722:. Randall-Reilly
2711:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2695:. Randall-Reilly
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2668:. Wright’s Media
2657:
2651:
2650:
2630:
2415:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2384:
2380:
2378:
2377:
2353:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2322:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2291:
2287:
2285:
2284:
2260:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2229:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2198:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2167:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2136:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2096:
2095:
1958:
1957:
1848:
1847:
1805:purchase expense
1736:log-skidder and
1572:landscape tiller
1556:hydraulic hammer
1541:excavator bucket
1537:equipment bucket
1484:
1464:
1449:
1423:The militarized
1420:
1396:The militarized
1393:
1372:
1353:
1341:
1325:
1313:
1301:
1286:
1264:
1245:
1233:
1213:
1197:
1181:
1150:
1118:Lowboy (trailer)
1094:Highway transfer
1085:Highway end dump
1057:Pushback tractor
933:Pavement milling
876:Straddle carrier
777:Material handler
724:(soil compactor)
698:Mining equipment
383:containerization
379:Container cranes
333:continuous track
318:Caterpillar Inc.
220:was patented by
141:hydraulic drives
21:
4866:
4865:
4861:
4860:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4855:
4841:Heavy equipment
4831:
4830:
4829:
4824:
4803:Earth materials
4744:
4706:
4695:
4604:
4598:
4549:
4526:
4480:Earth structure
4475:Erosion control
4373:Ground freezing
4363:Retaining walls
4346:
4288:
4278:
4239:Angle of repose
4197:
4138:
4072:
4065:
4064:
4025:Visible bedrock
3977:Simple sounding
3965:Shear vane test
3741:instrumentation
3740:
3738:
3730:
3721:
3716:
3686:
3681:
3680:
3550:
3449:
3347:
3296:safety features
3291:safety clothing
3262:
3203:
3137:
3101:Increment borer
3047:
3038:
2976:
2967:
2955:
2921:Heavy equipment
2911:
2906:
2905:
2896:
2894:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2872:
2870:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2847:
2843:
2830:
2826:
2819:
2803:
2799:
2792:
2788:
2778:
2776:
2767:
2766:
2762:
2752:
2750:
2739:
2735:
2725:
2723:
2720:Equipment World
2712:
2708:
2698:
2696:
2693:Equipment World
2685:
2681:
2671:
2669:
2658:
2654:
2641:(10): 720–723.
2631:
2627:
2622:
2608:Non-road engine
2599:
2594:
2427:
2406:
2404:
2375:
2373:
2344:
2342:
2313:
2311:
2282:
2280:
2251:
2249:
2220:
2218:
2189:
2187:
2158:
2156:
2127:
2125:
2111:Share of total
2091:
2071:heavy equipment
2060:
2054:
2048:
1953:
1941:
1909:
1897:
1873:
1864:
1839:
1797:
1784:
1769:skilled workers
1757:heavy equipment
1753:
1747:
1677:
1669:Main articles:
1667:
1662:
1623:skeleton bucket
1583:multi processor
1522:bulldozer blade
1499:
1492:
1485:
1476:
1465:
1456:
1450:
1441:
1421:
1412:
1394:
1380:
1373:
1364:
1354:
1345:
1342:
1333:
1326:
1317:
1314:
1305:
1302:
1293:
1287:
1278:
1265:
1256:
1246:
1237:
1234:
1225:
1214:
1205:
1198:
1189:
1182:
1173:
1155:Caterpillar D10
1151:
1142:
1137:
1052:Ballast tractor
986:Hydromatic tool
817:Container crane
728:Soil stabilizer
662:(belly scraper)
621:Wheel forwarder
616:Track harvester
453:(wheel tractor)
417:
326:Fordson tractor
282:traction engine
250:portable engine
230:
209:De architectura
193:heavy equipment
174:
164:
120:De architectura
85:Heavy equipment
57:heavy machinery
53:Heavy equipment
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4864:
4854:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4826:
4825:
4823:
4822:
4821:
4820:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4754:
4752:
4750:Related fields
4746:
4745:
4743:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4711:
4709:
4701:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4694:
4693:
4684:
4683:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4670:Classification
4667:
4662:
4651:
4650:
4649:
4644:
4642:Seismic hazard
4639:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4608:
4606:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4570:
4568:
4561:
4555:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4542:
4536:
4534:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4519:
4518:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4356:
4354:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4303:
4301:
4294:
4284:
4283:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4276:
4271:
4269:Shear strength
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4244:Friction angle
4241:
4236:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4205:
4203:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4159:
4157:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4125:Oedometer test
4122:
4117:
4115:Sieve analysis
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4075:
4067:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4056:
4055:
4049:
4048:
4042:
4041:
4035:
4034:
4028:
4027:
4016:
4015:
4004:
4003:
4001:Total sounding
3992:
3991:
3980:
3979:
3968:
3967:
3956:
3955:
3954:
3953:
3943:
3927:
3926:
3915:
3914:
3903:
3902:
3891:
3890:
3879:
3878:
3867:
3866:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3804:
3803:
3792:
3791:
3780:
3779:
3768:
3767:
3756:
3755:
3753:
3742:
3732:
3731:
3726:
3723:
3722:
3715:
3714:
3707:
3700:
3692:
3683:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3616:Types of tools
3612:
3611:
3610:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3571:
3555:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3471:Forest railway
3468:
3463:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3435:
3430:
3429:
3428:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3366:Feller buncher
3363:
3357:
3355:
3349:
3348:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3293:
3283:
3278:
3272:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3260:
3258:Splitting maul
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3213:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3201:
3196:
3190:
3185:
3183:Fire retardant
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3147:
3145:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3071:Biltmore stick
3068:
3063:
3057:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3025:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2988:
2982:
2980:
2969:
2968:
2954:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2931:
2925:
2924:
2910:
2909:External links
2907:
2904:
2903:
2879:
2858:
2841:
2824:
2817:
2797:
2786:
2760:
2733:
2706:
2679:
2652:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2610:
2605:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2541:
2539:Track Marshall
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2499:Ingersoll Rand
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2449:Bobcat Company
2446:
2441:
2436:
2430:
2423:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:United Kingdom
2401:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2370:
2365:
2361:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2339:
2334:
2330:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2277:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2246:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2143:
2140:
2137:
2122:
2117:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2090:
2087:
2056:Main article:
2053:
2050:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2009:
2008:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2002:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1969:
1952:
1951:Operating cost
1949:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1926:purchase price
1914:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1900:purchase price
1895:
1881:
1880:
1876:purchase price
1871:
1862:
1838:
1837:
1834:
1829:
1827:property taxes
1824:
1818:
1812:
1807:
1801:
1796:
1795:Ownership cost
1793:
1789:operating cost
1783:
1782:Equipment cost
1780:
1749:Main article:
1746:
1743:
1714:load and carry
1666:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1621:
1616:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1595:power take-off
1592:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1562:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1535:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1511:
1506:
1500:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1486:
1479:
1477:
1466:
1459:
1457:
1451:
1444:
1442:
1428:backhoe loader
1422:
1415:
1413:
1398:Caterpillar D9
1395:
1388:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1374:
1367:
1365:
1355:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1336:
1334:
1327:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1296:
1294:
1288:
1281:
1279:
1266:
1259:
1257:
1249:Caterpillar D9
1247:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1228:
1226:
1215:
1208:
1206:
1199:
1192:
1190:
1183:
1176:
1174:
1152:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1123:Street sweeper
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1103:Concrete mixer
1100:
1098:Transfer train
1091:
1082:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1031:
1030:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
992:Ballast tamper
983:
982:
977:
972:
961:
960:
951:
949:Slipform paver
946:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
899:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
827:Overhead crane
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
774:
773:
762:
761:
750:
749:
743:
731:
730:
725:
713:
712:
701:
700:
695:
690:
685:
680:
675:
664:
663:
657:
652:
650:Fresno scraper
641:
640:
629:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
591:Feller buncher
582:
581:
579:Backhoe loader
576:
565:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
492:
491:
480:
479:
474:
469:
464:
459:
454:
448:
443:
438:
433:
421:
416:
413:
409:Built Robotics
370:, levers, and
368:inclined plane
308:are dominant.
306:diesel engines
238:Fresno scraper
229:
226:
163:
160:
132:simple machine
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4863:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4778:Geomorphology
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4751:
4747:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4708:
4702:
4692:
4688:
4685:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4622:Consolidation
4620:
4618:
4617:Frost heaving
4615:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4601:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4556:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4533:
4529:
4523:
4520:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4496:
4495:Geosynthetics
4493:
4491:
4490:Crushed stone
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4445:Cut-and-cover
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4357:
4355:
4353:
4349:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4298:
4295:
4292:
4285:
4275:
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4240:
4237:
4235:
4232:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4214:Water content
4212:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4204:
4200:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4145:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4074:
4068:
4061:
4058:
4057:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4044:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4017:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4005:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3990:
3986:
3982:
3981:
3978:
3974:
3970:
3969:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3925:
3921:
3917:
3916:
3913:
3912:Sample series
3909:
3905:
3904:
3901:
3897:
3893:
3892:
3889:
3885:
3881:
3880:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3856:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3839:
3835:
3834:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3805:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3793:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3781:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3769:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3757:
3754:
3751:
3746:
3743:
3737:
3736:Investigation
3733:
3729:
3724:
3720:
3713:
3708:
3706:
3701:
3699:
3694:
3693:
3690:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3613:
3609:
3601:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3579:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3565:
3557:
3556:
3553:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3536:Whoopie sling
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3521:Chainsaw mill
3519:
3517:
3516:Stump grinder
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3350:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3265:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3206:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3153:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3086:Diameter tape
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3045:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2978:afforestation
2974:
2973:Tree planting
2970:
2966:
2962:
2959:
2952:
2947:
2945:
2940:
2938:
2933:
2932:
2929:
2922:
2917:
2913:
2912:
2893:
2889:
2883:
2868:
2862:
2855:
2854:0-13-598327-4
2851:
2845:
2838:
2837:0-07-232176-8
2834:
2828:
2820:
2818:0-7277-2519-X
2814:
2810:
2809:
2801:
2795:
2790:
2774:
2770:
2764:
2748:
2744:
2737:
2721:
2717:
2710:
2694:
2690:
2683:
2667:
2663:
2656:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2629:
2625:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2580:Wacker Neuson
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2227:United States
2216:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2203:
2200:
2197:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2134:United States
2123:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2114:
2097:
2094:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2059:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2011:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1929:
1927:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1911:
1905:
1901:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1886:(BV) in year
1885:
1879:
1877:
1868:
1867:
1866:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1810:salvage value
1808:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1792:
1790:
1779:
1777:
1772:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1689:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1632:stump grinder
1630:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:rotating grab
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1601:quick coupler
1599:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1525:
1523:
1520:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1490:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1463:
1458:
1455:
1448:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1419:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1392:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1378:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1352:
1347:
1340:
1335:
1332:(tamping tip)
1331:
1324:
1319:
1312:
1307:
1300:
1295:
1292:
1285:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1244:
1239:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1212:
1207:
1203:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1160:
1156:
1149:
1144:
1143:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1062:Railcar mover
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1028:
1027:Rotary tiller
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
989:
988:
987:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
967:
966:
965:
959:
955:
952:
950:
947:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
913:Asphalt plant
911:
909:
908:Asphalt paver
906:
905:
904:
903:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
886:Reach stacker
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
868:
867:Grapple truck
865:
863:
862:Garbage truck
860:
858:
855:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
784:
781:
780:
779:
778:
772:
769:
768:
767:
766:
760:
757:
756:
755:
754:
747:
744:
741:
738:
737:
736:
735:
729:
726:
723:
720:
719:
718:
717:
711:
708:
707:
706:
705:
699:
696:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
670:
669:
668:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
647:
646:
645:
639:
636:
635:
634:
633:
627:
626:Wheel skidder
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
588:
587:
586:
580:
577:
575:
572:
571:
570:
569:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
498:
497:
496:
490:
487:
486:
485:
484:
478:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
463:
460:
458:
457:Track tractor
455:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
431:
428:
427:
426:
425:
420:
412:
410:
406:
402:
398:
393:
389:
386:
384:
380:
376:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
352:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
329:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
286:steam tractor
283:
279:
275:
266:
258:
251:
246:
239:
234:
225:
223:
219:
215:
211:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
187:
178:
173:
169:
159:
157:
153:
149:
144:
142:
137:
133:
129:
124:
122:
121:
116:
112:
109:
104:
102:
99:, structure,
98:
94:
91:systems: the
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
46:
40:
33:
19:
4798:Biogeography
4793:Hydrogeology
4783:Soil science
4763:Geochemistry
4522:Infiltration
4450:Cut and fill
4393:Soil nailing
4259:Permeability
4224:Bulk density
3941:Inclinometer
3864:Ram sounding
3749:
3585:
3563:
3481:Hand compass
3433:Steam donkey
3318:Lumber edger
3303:Crosscut saw
3248:Log splitter
3173:Fire flapper
3128:Tree caliper
3096:Inclinometer
3081:Cruising rod
3030:(Tuley tube)
3028:Tree shelter
3024:(dibble bar)
3012:Root trainer
2964:
2895:. Retrieved
2891:
2882:
2871:. Retrieved
2861:
2844:
2827:
2807:
2800:
2789:
2777:. Retrieved
2772:
2763:
2751:. Retrieved
2746:
2736:
2724:. Retrieved
2719:
2709:
2697:. Retrieved
2692:
2682:
2670:. Retrieved
2665:
2655:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2444:BEML Limited
2426:
2317:
2092:
2070:
2067:scale models
2061:
2047:
2039:service life
2035:minor repair
2034:
2031:major repair
2030:
2028:
2004:repair labor
2001:repair parts
1954:
1931:
1930:
1928:= $ 350,000
1925:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1887:
1882:
1875:
1869:
1860:
1857:
1852:
1851:
1842:Depreciation
1840:
1798:
1785:
1773:
1765:construction
1754:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1724:earthmover,
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1694:
1491:" exhibition
1358:front loader
1159:tracked-type
1047:Tractor unit
1040:
1039:
1033:
1032:
1022:Post pounder
1002:Drilling rig
985:
984:
963:
962:
901:
900:
847:Mobile crane
822:Gantry crane
812:Aerial crane
807:Crane vessel
776:
775:
764:
763:
759:Track loader
753:Track loader
752:
751:
733:
732:
715:
714:
703:
702:
666:
665:
643:
642:
631:
630:
584:
583:
567:
566:
537:Power shovel
494:
493:
482:
481:
423:
422:
418:
394:
390:
387:
377:
364:draft animal
353:
330:
271:
236:horse-drawn
207:
201:ancient Rome
183:
158:equipment".
155:
147:
145:
125:
118:
113:described a
105:
84:
77:construction
71:, refers to
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
51:
4808:Archaeology
4532:Foundations
4505:Geomembrane
4388:Slurry wall
4327:Water table
4291:Interaction
4287:Structures
4274:Sensitivity
4071:Laboratory
3676:Woodworking
3546:Woodchipper
3338:Two-man saw
3253:Marking axe
3234:(shake axe)
3133:Wedge prism
3106:Rangefinder
3066:Angle gauge
3053:Mensuration
2986:Caulk boots
2869:. AGA Parts
2775:. June 2020
2773:Caterpillar
2749:. BNP Media
2570:ST Kinetics
2534:New Holland
2439:Atlas Copco
2320:Switzerland
2120:Caterpillar
2043:maintenance
1815:tax savings
1761:engineering
1720:compactor,
1645:tiltrotator
1636:stump shear
1627:snow blower
1590:pile driver
1489:Armiya 2021
1473:German Army
1467:PiPz Dachs
1405:earthmoving
1403:allows for
1184:The bucket
1017:Pile driver
1012:Earth auger
997:Attachments
964:Underground
918:Cold planer
852:Travel lift
746:Skip loader
722:Wheel dozer
704:Articulated
401:Caterpillar
360:wheelbarrow
356:hand shovel
345:World War I
290:steamroller
214:pile driver
101:power train
61:earthmovers
4835:Categories
4665:Mitigation
4647:Shear wave
4632:Earthquake
4627:Compaction
4612:Permafrost
4603:Phenomena/
4500:Geotextile
4425:Embankment
4415:Excavation
4352:Earthworks
4312:Vegetation
4307:Topography
4229:Thixotropy
4219:Void ratio
4202:Properties
4100:Hydrometer
3845:Piezometer
3765:Core drill
3564:Categories
3386:Helicopter
3227:Brush hook
3061:3D scanner
3034:Tree spade
3007:Pottiputki
2897:2023-12-02
2873:2020-09-30
2620:References
2474:Fiat-Allis
2464:CNH Global
2434:Anhui Heli
2213:John Deere
2075:1:50 scale
1973:lubricants
1884:Book value
1565:hydraulics
1529:cold plane
1513:bale spear
1356:A wheeled
1204:SMC 200 R.
970:Roadheader
881:Sidelifter
837:Ring crane
787:Lift table
693:Haul truck
688:Dump truck
462:Locomotive
385:possible.
152:powerplant
4788:Hydrology
4768:Petrology
4656:analysis
4654:Landslide
4559:Mechanics
4470:Track bed
4455:Fill dirt
4440:Terracing
4013:Trial pit
3828:Statnamic
3813:Load test
3596:equipment
3574:equipment
3526:Tree tyer
3506:Log flume
3486:Hand hook
3416:Skid cone
3411:Pike pole
3406:Pickaroon
3391:Log truck
3381:Harvester
3371:Forwarder
3361:Cant hook
3195:(rakehoe)
3178:Fire rake
3168:Driptorch
3123:Relascope
3118:Microtome
3017:Seed trap
2965:equipment
2546:(O&K)
1977:lube oils
1832:insurance
1822:overhauls
1706:transport
1659:wheel saw
1452:Military
1330:compactor
1328:Landfill
1255:in Israel
1186:excavator
1089:side dump
958:Compactor
896:Tow truck
716:Compactor
632:Pipelayer
611:Power saw
601:Forwarder
596:Harvester
542:Reclaimer
526:Excavator
495:Excavator
430:Bulldozer
328:in 1917.
224:in 1818.
189:Vitruvius
146:The word
111:Vitruvius
93:implement
89:equipment
4818:Agrology
4707:software
4605:problems
4435:Causeway
4410:Landfill
4337:Subgrade
4254:Porosity
4249:Cohesion
3631:Forestry
3621:Cleaning
3501:Log pond
3461:Denailer
3376:Go-devil
3313:Head saw
3286:Chainsaw
3222:Broadaxe
3217:Billhook
3188:Helitack
2993:(hoedag)
2958:Forestry
2892:Statista
2779:July 14,
2753:July 14,
2726:July 14,
2699:July 14,
2672:July 14,
2666:Electrek
2597:See also
2590:Zoomlion
2560:Rototilt
2489:Hidromek
2306:Liebherr
2105:Country
2102:Company
2063:Die-cast
1918:example:
1759:used in
1732:loader,
1728:grader,
1650:trencher
1377:conveyor
1222:concrete
1162:tractors
923:Cure rig
857:Forklift
748:(skippy)
557:Trencher
528:(digger)
441:Snowplow
314:forklift
298:Kerosene
288:and the
274:portable
205:treatise
97:traction
4758:Geology
4730:SVSlope
4540:Shallow
4460:Grading
4398:Tieback
4342:Subsoil
4332:Bedrock
4322:Topsoil
4317:Terrain
4110:R-value
4073:testing
3823:Dynamic
3750:in situ
3748:Field (
3656:Masonry
3646:Kitchen
3586:Commons
3511:Machete
3421:Skidder
3353:Logging
3343:Whipsaw
3323:Polesaw
3308:Dragsaw
3281:Bucksaw
3276:Bow saw
3238:Hatchet
3199:Pulaski
3002:Mattock
2839:, 2002.
2565:Shantui
2555:Poclain
2514:LiuGong
2509:Kobelco
2368:Sandvik
2151:Komatsu
1997:repairs
1963:F.O.G.
1836:storage
1560:hoe ram
1551:grapple
1509:backhoe
1471:of the
1454:scraper
1436:LiuGong
1375:Folded
1361:tractor
1276:Germany
1041:Highway
655:Scraper
644:Scraper
606:Skidder
574:Backhoe
568:Backhoe
516:Dredger
451:Tractor
446:Skidder
436:Snowcat
424:Tractor
372:pulleys
343:during
302:ethanol
203:in his
162:History
4740:Plaxis
4735:UTEXAS
4725:SVFlux
4715:SEEP2D
4567:Forces
4420:Trench
4368:Gabion
4178:Gravel
3818:Static
3666:Mining
3636:Garden
3531:Tsakat
3438:Yarder
3401:Peavey
3243:Labrys
3193:McLeod
2991:Hoedad
2856:, 2000
2852:
2835:
2815:
2585:Yanmar
2550:Paccar
2519:MARAIS
2504:Kubota
2410:
2382:Sweden
2379:
2348:
2289:Sweden
2286:
2255:
2224:
2193:
2173:10.7%
2162:
2142:16.3%
2131:
2079:Conrad
2052:Models
1986:Grease
1922:N = 5
1611:ripper
1475:(2008)
1432:Poland
1291:loader
1289:Wheel
1253:quarry
1202:MARAIS
1140:Images
1080:triple
943:Roller
902:Paving
740:Loader
734:Loader
683:Dumper
667:Mining
585:Timber
562:Yarder
489:Grader
483:Grader
405:Bobcat
212:. The
197:cranes
134:, the
4720:STABL
4193:Loess
4156:Types
3671:Power
3591:tools
3569:tools
3454:Other
3443:swing
3333:Resaw
3156:DC-10
3111:laser
3076:Chain
2961:tools
2479:HEPCO
2469:Demag
2421:3.0%
2390:3.4%
2359:4.0%
2351:Japan
2328:4.3%
2297:4.3%
2266:5.2%
2258:China
2235:5.4%
2204:5.8%
2196:China
2165:Japan
2033:or a
2014:tires
1971:Oil:
1861:and D
1697:tires
1640:thumb
1597:(PTO)
1546:forks
1517:broom
1504:auger
1439:China
1218:piles
1170:earth
1166:blade
928:Paver
792:Crane
415:Types
341:tanks
148:plant
136:ratio
130:of a
115:crane
67:, or
4545:Deep
4188:Loam
4183:Peat
4173:Sand
4168:Silt
4163:Clay
4148:Soil
3850:Well
3641:Hand
3268:Saws
3232:Froe
3209:Axes
3161:UAVs
2963:and
2850:ISBN
2833:ISBN
2813:ISBN
2781:2020
2755:2020
2728:2020
2701:2020
2674:2020
2484:HIAB
2387:7,8
2263:11,9
2244:Sany
2232:12,5
2201:13,4
2182:XCMG
2170:24,7
2139:37,5
2099:No.
2081:and
1967:Fuel
1763:and
1710:work
1673:and
1606:rake
1153:The
1087:and
403:and
300:and
195:and
170:and
4430:Cut
3739:and
2643:doi
2639:137
2529:NCK
2418:7,0
2399:JCB
2356:9,2
2325:9,9
2294:9,9
2083:NZG
2069:of
1906:x D
1902:– (
1878:/ N
1430:in
1411:R.
1270:in
199:in
156:and
117:in
4837::
4689:*
2890:.
2771:.
2745:.
2718:.
2691:.
2664:.
2637:.
2395:10
1979:,
1975:,
1938:BV
1898:=
1894:BV
1874:=
1791:.
1738:ML
1734:LS
1558:,
1274:,
1096:,
1078:,
1074:,
956:,
869:,
785:,
316:.
248:A
95:,
63:,
59:,
55:,
4293:)
4289:(
3752:)
3711:e
3704:t
3697:v
2975:,
2950:e
2943:t
2936:v
2900:.
2876:.
2821:.
2783:.
2757:.
2730:.
2703:.
2676:.
2649:.
2645::
2364:9
2333:8
2302:7
2271:6
2240:5
2209:4
2178:3
2147:2
2116:1
1940:3
1932:m
1910:)
1908:n
1904:m
1896:m
1888:m
1872:n
1870:D
1863:n
1853:m
1730:L
1726:G
1722:E
1718:C
1172:.
41:.
34:.
20:)
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