357:, which has become the standard for PC-produced printable documents. The international standard was set in 2008, with input from the users, who decided to use the products offered in great numbers. The decision was driven by the need for the product, and the solution found was far more acceptable than the standards committees could design. Over 10 years of work had not produced an acceptable method, and the PC computing community created what they needed in less time.
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streams and to take the work into the international standards arena. There was a concerted effort to bring the international community into the development. This decision was based in part on the experience gained over the acceptance of GML into an international SGML standard. To avoid the long delay of creating the architecture, they wanted to get everyone involved early.
338:
1987 to The IBM Dallas
Programming Center, where in 1998 it was disbanded and the work on the DCA architectures discontinued due mainly to the PC community which had gone in a different direction of necessity. The DCA architectures were fully completed, but not completely agreed upon after 18 years. There were no active implementations in sight.
361:'printed' into the PDF format provided by the most used presentation product. For example, Microsoft Word provides a printer selection 'Microsoft Print to PDF' to produce the requisite output for a PDF document. A similar method could have been used to produce the international standard had one eventually arrived.
349:
international standard) and used portions of it for their purposes. Microsoft Word eventually used the similar datastream for the internal working datastream for storage of editable content. Even though the SGML standard was available, it was impractical to use the full SGML parser implementation, so
333:
standardization had taken many years to develop. IBM's work with document content had been pushed by the needs of main frame computers where GML and DCA were in use, but that experience was pointing to a need for standardized component architectures for revisable and non-revisable text in particular.
328:
The drive to initiate international standards for the DCAs was initiated in 1980 at the IBM Rochester facility. A team, consisting of two MODCA architects, an RTOCA architect, and a PTOCA architect, was assembled. These architects were responsible for forming IBM consensus for the design of the data
337:
In 1981, shortly after its inception, the group was moved along with the IBM 5280 Distributed Data System to IBM Austin near Round Rock, TX, where the work continued with mixed success. As the architectures were becoming more firmly positioned on the international stage, the team was moved again in
360:
Attempting to achieve a consensus document data stream was quickly out-flanked by the available and usable content provided by the companies who did not attempt to share with others, but created a workable solution and successfully sold it to users. The output of the word processing software is
136:
Documents may contain fonts, overlays and other resource objects required at presentation time to present the data properly. Finally, documents may contain resource objects, such as a document index and tagging elements supporting the search and navigation of document data, for a variety of
364:
When IBM disbanded its Dallas
Programming Center in 1998, the entire staff of architects retired and left the company, except the manager, who was moved, ending the DCA architecture project for the foreseeable future at IBM.
470:
Document
Manipulation and Typography: Proceedings of the International Conference on Electronic Publishing, Document Manipulation and Typography, Nice (France) April 20-22 1988
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The original purpose of DCA was to provide a common document format that could be used across multiple IBM word processing platforms, such as the
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Presentation Text Object
Content Architecture (PTOCA) describes formatted text, including text attributes such as font or color.
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that can make up the document. Each object is defined by its own subordinate architecture. The architectures are:
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716:
640:
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Color
Management Object Content Architecture (CMOCA) describes the required color management information.
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a potential subset of it became the de facto standard for revisable text used today in the PC arena.
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Each architecture uses a series of binary structured fields to describe its corresponding object.
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Method and
Apparatus for Multistage Document Format Transformation in a Data Processing System
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844:
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465:
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At about the same time, Adobe
Systems designed and produced the printable document encoding
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382:(RTF) – another formatting code system that is sometimes confused with Revisable-Form Text.
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35:
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119:(DCA/FFT) which is "formatted for a particular output device and cannot be changed."
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Font Object
Content Architecture (FOCA) describes fonts to be used in the document.
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Graphics Object
Content Architecture for Advanced Function Presentation Reference
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Image Object
Content Architecture (IOCA) describes resolution-independent images.
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80:(Mixed Object Document Content Architecture), which added embedded
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to allow transfer of formatted documents to other systems.
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Advanced Function Presentation Consortium (April 2017).
422:, vol. 18, no. 21, IDG Enterprise, p. 7,
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Bar Code Object Content Architecture (BCOCA) describes
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for text documents in the early 1980s. DCA was used on
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Graphics Object Content Architecture (GOCA) describes
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Mixed Object Document Content Architecture Reference
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226:) is part of DCA. It is sometimes referred to as
159:images. A variation of GOCA, AFP GOCA, is used in
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466:"Well-established document interchange formats"
141:MO:DCA is the wrapper or container for various
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414:"IBM taking the standardization route to DPP"
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76:'s file format. DCA was later extended as
316:Learn how and when to remove this message
128:DCA defines a data stream representing a
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464:de la Beaujardière, Jean Marie (1988).
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345:(believed to be an application of the
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60:for short, is a standard developed by
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583:United States patent number 5,513,323
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106:DCA defines two types of documents:
13:
288:tone or style may not reflect the
14:
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1116:List of document markup languages
538:
386:List of document markup languages
170:in a number of different formats.
298:guide to writing better articles
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72:systems and formed the basis of
1140:Advanced Function Presentation
572:Williams; et al. (1996).
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433:
375:Advanced Function Presentation
161:Advanced Function Presentation
123:
101:IBM 5520 Administrative System
1:
391:
54:Document Content Architecture
717:Open XML Paper Specification
641:Microsoft Office XML formats
496:IBM Corporation (May 2006).
341:The PC world had decided on
113:(DCA/RFT) which is editable.
7:
472:. CUP Archive. p. 83.
412:Henkel, Tom (21 May 1984),
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10:
1156:
656:Open Document Architecture
441:"PC Magazine Encyclopedia"
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899:
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803:
797:Document markup languages
730:
699:
629:Editable document formats
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203:
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41:
31:
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813:Compound Document Format
722:Portable Document Format
636:Compound Document Format
545:AFP Consortium homepage
700:Fixed document formats
253:RFT has a counterpart
139:
686:Uniform Office Format
622:document file formats
228:Revisable Format Text
137:application purposes.
134:
208:Document file format
97:Displaywriter System
36:Document file format
676:Revisable-Form Text
244:mainframe computers
216:Revisable-Form Text
190:
189:Revisable-Form Text
184:Revisable-Form Text
111:Revisable-Form Text
18:
738:Character encoding
671:OpenOffice.org XML
230:. It was used by
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763:
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559:(Fourth ed.)
479:978-0-521-36294-8
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292:used on Knowledge
290:encyclopedic tone
232:IBM DisplayWriter
213:
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194:Developed by
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22:Developed by
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1050:ReStructuredText
833:WordprocessingML
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681:Rich Text Format
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380:Rich Text Format
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300:for suggestions.
296:See Knowledge's
286:This section's
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248:OfficeVision/400
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42:Extended to
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255:Final-Form Text
236:word processors
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257:(abbreviated
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218:(abbreviated
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163:environments.
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1135:IBM software
900:Lesser-known
805:Office suite
666:OpenDocument
574:
561:. Retrieved
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306:August 2022
124:Description
1129:Categories
907:AmigaGuide
854:Well-known
392:References
240:System/360
99:, and the
82:data files
937:CrossMark
428:0010-4841
168:bar codes
66:mainframe
1090:Wikitext
1040:Org-mode
1035:OpenMath
1025:MusicXML
1002:LinuxDoc
997:LilyPond
912:AsciiDoc
891:Markdown
446:July 25,
369:See also
242:and 370
234:4 and 5
130:document
1080:Texinfo
977:GuideML
952:DocBook
932:ConTeXt
748:Unicode
661:OpenDoc
269:History
263:FFT-DCA
224:RFT-DCA
143:objects
1070:Setext
1065:S1000D
987:HyTime
927:C-HTML
917:BBCode
871:MathML
646:MO:DCA
619:office
563:Feb 7,
524:"Home"
508:Feb 7,
476:
426:
246:, and
95:, the
89:IBM PC
78:MO:DCA
46:MO:DCA
1100:WapTV
1085:troff
1030:OMDoc
967:FHTML
886:LaTeX
866:XHTML
818:OOXML
743:ASCII
712:Envoy
579:(PDF)
557:(PDF)
503:(PDF)
70:IBM i
56:, or
1105:XAML
1055:RTML
1015:MAML
1006:Lout
982:HDML
947:Djot
942:DITA
861:HTML
707:DjVu
565:2020
510:2020
474:ISBN
448:2012
424:ISSN
347:SGML
343:HTML
331:SGML
68:and
1095:WML
1075:TEI
1060:RFT
1045:POD
1020:MEI
1010:MIF
992:IPF
972:GML
957:EAD
922:CML
881:TeX
876:RTF
845:UOF
840:ODF
755:TeX
355:PDF
261:or
259:FFT
238:on
222:or
220:RFT
198:IBM
62:IBM
58:DCA
26:IBM
17:DCA
1131::
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313:(
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304:(
294:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.