HTML - Knowledge

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specification and opens it up to independent extensions. The primary achievement in the move from XHTML 1.0 to XHTML 1.1 is the modularization of the entire specification. The strict version of HTML is deployed in XHTML 1.1 through a set of modular extensions to the base XHTML 1.1 specification. Likewise, someone looking for the loose (transitional) or frameset specifications will find similar extended XHTML 1.1 support (much of it is contained in the legacy or frame modules). Modularization also allows for separate features to develop on their own timetable. So for example, XHTML 1.1 will allow quicker migration to emerging XML standards such as

714: 1702: 1180: 36: 1175:.) These included extensions to control stylistic aspects of documents, contrary to the "belief that such things as text color, background texture, font size, and font face were definitely outside the scope of a language when their only intent was to specify how a document would be organized." Dave Raggett, who has been a W3C Fellow for many years, has commented for example: "To a certain extent, Microsoft built its business on the Web by extending HTML features." 12356: 13272: 4938: 803:(Compatible Time-Sharing System) operating system. These formatting commands were derived from the commands used by typesetters to manually format documents. However, the SGML concept of generalized markup is based on elements (nested annotated ranges with attributes) rather than merely print effects, with separate structure and markup. HTML has been progressively moved in this direction with CSS. 4138:

presentational elements and attributes into the language, driven largely by the various browser vendors. The latest standards surrounding HTML reflect efforts to overcome the sometimes chaotic development of the language and to create a rational foundation for building both meaningful and well-presented documents. To return HTML to its role as a semantic language, the

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tags, and even empty elements which must not have an end tag. By contrast, XHTML requires all elements to have an opening tag and a closing tag. XHTML, however, also introduces a new shortcut: an XHTML tag may be opened and closed within the same tag, by including a slash before the end of the tag like this:

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HTML 4 defined three different versions of the language: Strict, Transitional (once called Loose), and Frameset. The Strict version is intended for new documents and is considered best practice, while the Transitional and Frameset versions were developed to make it easier to transition documents that

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Aside from the different opening declarations for a document, the differences between an HTML 4.01 and XHTML 1.0 document—in each of the corresponding DTDs—are largely syntactic. The underlying syntax of HTML allows many shortcuts that XHTML does not, such as elements with optional opening or closing

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to distinguish it clearly from the more traditional definition. However, the root element name continues to be "html" even in the XHTML-specified HTML. The W3C intended XHTML 1.0 to be identical to HTML 4.01 except where limitations of XML over the more complex SGML require workarounds. Because XHTML

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XHTML Documents which follow the guidelines set forth in Appendix C, "HTML Compatibility Guidelines" may be labeled with the Internet Media Type "text/html" , as they are compatible with most HTML browsers. Those documents, and any other document conforming to this specification, may also be labeled

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attribute provides a document-wide unique identifier for an element. This is used to identify the element so that stylesheets can alter its presentational properties, and scripts may alter, animate or delete its contents or presentation. Appended to the URL of the page, it provides a globally unique

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In summary, the HTML 4 specification primarily reined in all the various HTML implementations into a single clearly written specification based on SGML. XHTML 1.0, ported this specification, as is, to the new XML-defined specification. Next, XHTML 1.1 takes advantage of the extensible nature of XML

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respectively. It is easier to see how an aural user agent should interpret the latter two elements. However, they are not equivalent to their presentational counterparts: it would be undesirable for a screen reader to emphasize the name of a book, for instance, but on a screen, such a name would be

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On 28 May 2019, the W3C announced that WHATWG would be the sole publisher of the HTML and DOM standards. The W3C and WHATWG had been publishing competing standards since 2012. While the W3C standard was identical to the WHATWG in 2007 the standards have since progressively diverged due to different

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On 14 February 2011, the W3C extended the charter of its HTML Working Group with clear milestones for HTML5. In May 2011, the working group advanced HTML5 to "Last Call", an invitation to communities inside and outside W3C to confirm the technical soundness of the specification. The W3C developed a

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for HTML 3 and Cascading Style Sheets, but HTML 3.0 did not succeed for several reasons. The draft was considered very large at 150 pages and the pace of browser development, as well as the number of interested parties, had outstripped the resources of the IETF. Browser vendors, including Microsoft

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decided on a degree of separation. W3C will continue the HTML5 specification work, focusing on a single definitive standard, which is considered a "snapshot" by WHATWG. The WHATWG organization will continue its work with HTML5 as a "Living Standard". The concept of a living standard is that it is

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Those are the main changes necessary to translate a document from XHTML 1.0 to HTML 4.01. To translate from HTML to XHTML would also require the addition of any omitted opening or closing tags. Whether coding in HTML or XHTML it may just be best to always include the optional tags within an HTML

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In order for search engine spiders to be able to rate the significance of pieces of text they find in HTML documents, and also for those creating mashups and other hybrids as well as for more automated agents as they are developed, the semantic structures that exist in HTML need to be widely and

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The hypertext markup language HTML was developed as a simple non-proprietary delivery format for global hypertext. HTML+ is a set of modular extensions to HTML and has been developed in response to a growing understanding of the needs of information providers. These extensions include text flow

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Since its inception, HTML and its associated protocols gained acceptance relatively quickly. However, no clear standards existed in the early years of the language. Though its creators originally conceived of HTML as a semantic language devoid of presentation details, practical uses pushed many

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The first publicly available description of HTML was a document called "HTML Tags", first mentioned on the Internet by Tim Berners-Lee in late 1991. It describes 18 elements comprising the initial, relatively simple design of HTML. Except for the hyperlink tag, these were strongly influenced by

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As this list demonstrates, the loose versions of the specification are maintained for legacy support. However, contrary to popular misconceptions, the move to XHTML does not imply a removal of this legacy support. Rather the X in XML stands for extensible and the W3C is modularizing the entire

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and written within the start tag of an element after the element's name. The value may be enclosed in single or double quotes, although values consisting of certain characters can be left unquoted in HTML (but not XHTML). Leaving attribute values unquoted is considered unsafe. In contrast with

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to indicate that all elements with this class value are subordinate to the main text of the document. In presentation, such elements might be gathered together and presented as footnotes on a page instead of appearing in the place where they occur in the HTML source. Class attributes are used

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in HTML5 or XHTML documents) when it appears within the attribute value itself. If document authors overlook the need to escape such characters, some browsers can be very forgiving and try to use context to guess their intent. The result is still invalid markup, which makes the document less

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HTML 3.0 was proposed as a standard to the IETF, but the proposal expired five months later (28 September 1995) without further action. It included many of the capabilities that were in Raggett's HTML+ proposal, such as support for tables, text flow around figures, and the display of complex

3744:(DTD). The DTD to which the DOCTYPE refers contains a machine-readable grammar specifying the permitted and prohibited content for a document conforming to such a DTD. Browsers, on the other hand, do not implement HTML as an application of SGML and as consequence do not read the DTD. 3877:

and others gave examples of ways in which intelligent software "agents" may one day automatically crawl the web and find, filter, and correlate previously unrelated, published facts for the benefit of human users. Such agents are not commonplace even now, but some of the ideas of

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comprehensive test suite to achieve broad interoperability for the full specification by 2014, which was the target date for recommendation. In January 2011, the WHATWG renamed its "HTML5" living standard to "HTML". The W3C nevertheless continues its project to release HTML5.

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By carefully following the W3C's compatibility guidelines, a user agent should be able to interpret the document equally as HTML or XHTML. For documents that are XHTML 1.0 and have been made compatible in this way, the W3C permits them to be served either as HTML (with a

3803:. The transitional type is the most inclusive, incorporating current tags as well as older or "deprecated" tags, with the Strict DTD excluding deprecated tags. The frameset has all tags necessary to make frames on a page along with the tags included in transitional type. 1292:

XHTML 1.1 was published as a W3C Recommendation on May 31, 2001. It is based on XHTML 1.0 Strict, but includes minor changes, can be customized, and is reformulated using modules in the W3C recommendation "Modularization of XHTML", which was published on April 10,

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After the HTML and HTML+ drafts expired in early 1994, the IETF created an HTML Working Group. In 1995, this working group completed "HTML 2.0", the first HTML specification intended to be treated as a standard against which future implementations should be based.

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To understand the subtle differences between HTML and XHTML, consider the transformation of a valid and well-formed XHTML 1.0 document that adheres to Appendix C (see below) into a valid HTML 4.01 document. Making this translation requires the following steps:

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This declaration references the DTD for the "strict" version of HTML 4.01. SGML-based validators read the DTD in order to properly parse the document and to perform validation. In modern browsers, a valid doctype activates standards mode as opposed to

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The W3C recommendations state that XHTML 1.0 documents that follow guidelines set forth in the recommendation's Appendix C may be labeled with either MIME Type. XHTML 1.1 also states that XHTML 1.1 documents should be labeled with either MIME type.

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text, images, and other material into visible or audible web pages. Default characteristics for every item of HTML markup are defined in the browser, and these characteristics can be altered or enhanced by the web page designer's additional use of

3944:). For example, when a screen reader or audio browser can correctly ascertain the structure of a document, it will not waste the visually impaired user's time by reading out repeated or irrelevant information when it has been marked up correctly. 7434:

3. SHOULD This word, or the adjective "RECOMMENDED", mean that there may exist valid reasons in particular circumstances to ignore a particular item, but the full implications must be understood and carefully weighed before choosing a different

1836:, are optional. An HTML browser or other agent can infer the closure for the end of an element from the context and the structural rules defined by the HTML standard. These rules are complex and not widely understood by most HTML authors. 4153:

There are two axes differentiating various variations of HTML as currently specified: SGML-based HTML versus XML-based HTML (referred to as XHTML) on one axis, and strict versus transitional (loose) versus frameset on the other axis.

4190:. The introduction of this shorthand, which is not used in the SGML declaration for HTML 4.01, may confuse earlier software unfamiliar with this new convention. A fix for this is to include a space before closing the tag, as such: 3986:(HTTP). However, HTTP is used to serve images, sound, and other content, in addition to HTML. To allow the web browser to know how to handle each document it receives, other information is transmitted along with the document. This 3817:

Semantic HTML is a way of writing HTML that emphasizes the meaning of the encoded information over its presentation (look). HTML has included semantic markup from its inception, but has also included presentational markup, such as

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indicates that visual output devices should render "boldface" in bold text, but gives a little indication what devices that are unable to do this (such as aural devices that read the text aloud) should do. In the case of both

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conformed to older HTML specifications or did not conform to any specification to a version of HTML 4. The Transitional and Frameset versions allow for presentational markup, which is omitted in the Strict version. Instead,

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Spiesser, J., Kitchen, L.: Optimization of HTML automatically generated by WYSIWYG programs. In: 13th International Conference on World Wide Web, pp. 355—364. WWW '04. ACM, New York, NY (New York, NY, U.S., May 17–20,

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XHTML 1.0 was published as a W3C Recommendation on January 26, 2000, and was later revised and republished on August 1, 2002. It offers the same three variations as HTML 4.0 and 4.01, reformulated in XML, with minor

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within the tag. These indicate other information, such as identifiers for sections within the document, identifiers used to bind style information to the presentation of the document, and for some tags such as the

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This document thus defines an HTML 2.0 (to distinguish it from the previous informal specifications). Future (generally upwardly compatible) versions of HTML with new features will be released with higher version

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recommendations. The majority of presentational features from previous versions of HTML are no longer allowed as they lead to poorer accessibility, higher cost of site maintenance, and larger document sizes.

3206:, both of which allow individual characters to be written via simple markup, rather than literally. A literal character and its markup counterpart are considered equivalent and are rendered identically. 755:

collaborated on a joint request for funding, but the project was not formally adopted by CERN. In his personal notes of 1990, Berners-Lee listed "some of the many areas in which hypertext is used"; an

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Further development under the auspices of the IETF was stalled by competing interests. Since 1996, the HTML specifications have been maintained, with input from commercial software vendors, by the

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editor for composing HTML e-mail messages and a rendering engine for displaying them. Use of HTML in e-mail is criticized by some because of compatibility issues, because it can help disguise

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XML; syntax errors may cause the browser to fail to render it. The same document sent with the HTML MIME type might be displayed successfully since some browsers are more lenient with HTML.

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One difference in the latest HTML specifications lies in the distinction between the SGML-based specification and the XML-based specification. The XML-based specification is usually called

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are encouraged to improve the presentation of HTML documents. Because XHTML 1 only defines an XML syntax for the language defined by HTML 4, the same differences apply to XHTML 1 as well.

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In modern browsers, the MIME type that is sent with the HTML document may affect how the document is initially interpreted. A document sent with the XHTML MIME type is expected to be

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Tags may also enclose further tag markup between the start and end, including a mixture of tags and text. This indicates further (nested) elements, as children of the parent element.

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Initially code-named "Cougar", HTML 4.0 adopted many browser-specific element types and attributes, but also sought to phase out Netscape's visual markup features by marking them as

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A well-formed XHTML document adheres to all the syntax requirements of XML. A valid document adheres to the content specification for XHTML, which describes the document structure.

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attribute identifies the natural language of the element's contents, which may be different from that of the rest of the document. For example, in an English-language document:

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has abandoned any attempt to be an SGML application and has explicitly defined its own "html" serialization, in addition to an alternative XML-based XHTML5 serialization.

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After HTML 4.01, there were no new versions of HTML for many years, as the development of the parallel, XML-based language XHTML occupied the W3C's HTML Working Group.

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and modularizes the whole specification. XHTML 2.0 was intended to be the first step in adding new features to the specification in a standards-body-based approach.

826:'s competing Internet Draft, "HTML+ (Hypertext Markup Format)", from late 1993, suggested standardizing already-implemented features like tables and fill-out forms. 2598:. Structural markup does not denote any specific rendering, but most web browsers have default styles for element formatting. Content may be further styled using 1304:. XHTML 2.0 was incompatible with XHTML 1.x and, therefore, would be more accurately characterized as an XHTML-inspired new language than an update to XHTML 1.x. 970:

were omitted due to a mutual agreement between the two companies. A markup for mathematical formulas similar to that of HTML was standardized 14 months later in

810:(IETF) with the mid-1993 publication of the first proposal for an HTML specification, the "Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)" Internet Draft by Berners-Lee and 4411:

MIME type). When delivered as XHTML, browsers should use an XML parser, which adheres strictly to the XML specifications for parsing the document's contents.

7592: 9668: 9458: 4039:. This may include typographic information like colored headings, emphasized and quoted text, inline images and diagrams. Many such clients include both a 12895: 11194: 9704: 6006: 5583: 5238: 4869:

In addition to the above transitional differences, the frameset specifications (whether XHTML 1.0 or HTML 4.01) specify a different content model, with

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First informal draft of the HTML DTD, with seven subsequent revisions (July 15, August 6, August 18, November 17, November 19, November 20, November 22)

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The WYSIWYG editing model has been criticized, primarily because of the low quality of the generated code; there are voices advocating a change to the

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As a great deal of the information in HTML documents is not in the layout, the model has been criticized for its "what you see is all you get"-nature.

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HTML 4.01 was published as a W3C Recommendation. It offers the same three variations as HTML 4.0 and its last errata were published on May 12, 2001.

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Initially code-named "Wilbur", HTML 3.2 dropped math formulas entirely, reconciled overlap among various proprietary extensions and adopted most of

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may be coming close. The main difference between these web application hybrids and Berners-Lee's semantic agents lies in the fact that the current

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and Netscape at the time, chose to implement different subsets of HTML 3's draft features as well as to introduce their own extensions to it. (See

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This article notes that presentational HTML markup may be useful when targeting browsers "before Netscape 4.0 and Internet Explorer 4.0". See the

5265: 3309:), a character typically found only on Western European and South American keyboards, can be written in any HTML document as the entity reference 951:. It was the first version developed and standardized exclusively by the W3C, as the IETF had closed its HTML Working Group on September 12, 1996. 13297: 12392: 11411: 2901:

name-value pair attributes, there are some attributes that affect the element simply by their presence in the start tag of the element, like the

1941:, and that in empty elements the end tag is neither required nor allowed. If attributes are not mentioned, default values are used in each case. 11199: 10694: 10072: 8963: 5322: 3909:

or search-engine spider. These software agents are dependent on the semantic clarity of web pages they find as they use various techniques and

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First draft (revision 00) of HTML 2.0 published by IETF itself (called as "HTML 2.0" from revision 02), that finally led to the publication of

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Relying mainly on the layout as opposed to meaning, often using markup that does not convey the intended meaning but simply copies the layout.

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browser's custom tag for embedding in-line images, reflecting the IETF's philosophy of basing standards on successful prototypes. Similarly,

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were beginning to work in most browsers, web authors have been encouraged to avoid the use of presentational HTML markup with a view to the

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was published by the IETF as an Internet Draft and was a competing proposal to the Hypertext Markup Language draft. It expired in July 1994.

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entries. Because they operate outside the browser's security model, HTAs cannot be executed via HTTP, but must be downloaded (just like an

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15445:2000). HTML 4.01 was published in late 1999, with further errata published through 2001. In 2004, development began on HTML5 in the

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HTML", based on HTML 4.01 Strict) was published as an ISO/IEC international standard. In the ISO, this standard is in the domain of the

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An important type of web agent that does crawl and read web pages automatically, without prior knowledge of what it might find, is the

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embedded content, either text or further tags. These require only a single empty tag (akin to a start tag) and do not use an end tag.

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XHTML 1.1 documents SHOULD be labeled with the Internet Media Type text/html as defined in or application/xhtml+xml as defined in .

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The HTML Living Standard, which is developed by WHATWG, is the official version, while W3C HTML5 is no longer separate from WHATWG.

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SGML is very general. HTML is a specific application of the SGML basic syntax applied to hypertext documents with simple structure.

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for element content, such as script data and stylesheet data, and a plethora of types for attribute values, including IDs, names,

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to shoulder the burden of presentation. In conjunction, the HTML specification has slowly reined in the presentational elements.

483: 6043: 5726:"ISO/IEC 15445:2000 – Information technology – Document description and processing languages – HyperText Markup Language (HTML)" 12699: 12242: 10432: 10021: 9858: 7650: 5477: 3952:

HTML documents can be delivered by the same means as any other computer file. However, they are most often delivered either by

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IIIR Working Group as an Internet Draft (a rough proposal for a standard). It was replaced by a second version one month later.

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HTML DTD 1.1 (the first with a version number, based on RCS revisions, which start with 1.1 rather than 1.0), an informal draft

8824: 6890: 10604: 9304: 7547: 7246: 5349:"Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): A Representation of Textual Information and MetaInformation for Retrieval and Interchange" 3329:

are compatible with all modern browsers and allow direct access to almost all the characters of the world's writing systems.

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attribute to assign presentational properties to a particular element. It is considered better practice to use an element's

13000: 12311: 12112: 11635: 11018: 10609: 10579: 9931: 9542: 9330: 8968: 6470: 4121:. An HTA runs as a fully trusted application and therefore has more privileges, like creation/editing/removal of files and 3941: 768: 747:

system. Berners-Lee specified HTML and wrote the browser and server software in late 1990. That year, Berners-Lee and CERN

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The original purpose of the doctype was to enable the parsing and validation of HTML documents by SGML tools based on the

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never complete and is always being updated and improved. New features can be added but functionality will not be removed.

9246: 849:(WHATWG), which became a joint deliverable with the W3C in 2008, and was completed and standardized on 28 October 2014. 676:, which affects the behavior and content of web pages. The inclusion of CSS defines the look and layout of content. The 10407: 9690: 9387: 9236: 7815: 4988:. The editor renders the document rather than showing the code, so authors do not require extensive knowledge of HTML. 3161:; in most browsers, pointing the cursor at the abbreviation should display the title text "Hypertext Markup Language." 6331: 11483: 10507: 10032: 9908: 9057: 6376: 6155: 6100: 6070: 6035: 6002: 5976: 5950: 5071: 4427:

The Transitional version allows the following parts of the vocabulary, which are not included in the Strict version:

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On 28 October 2014, HTML5 was released as a stable W3C Recommendation, meaning the specification process is complete.

811: 2675:, there are other elements that may have equivalent visual renderings but that are more semantic in nature, such as 1937:

tag. The name of an HTML element is the name used in the tags. The end tag's name is preceded by a slash character,

13312: 12047: 11219: 11063: 9499: 8993: 3733:(informally, a "doctype"). In browsers, the doctype helps to define the rendering mode—particularly whether to use 1195: 9898: 9377: 7084: 3883: 1124: 807: 5009:

Often producing extremely verbose and redundant code that fails to make use of the cascading nature of HTML and

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to provide the application's graphical interface. A regular HTML file is confined to the security model of the

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and HTML are closely related, they are sometimes documented in parallel. In such circumstances, some authors

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Most graphical email clients allow the use of a subset of HTML (often ill-defined) to provide formatting and

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Escaping also allows for characters that are not easily typed, or that are not available in the document's

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normally indicates the start of a character entity reference or numeric character reference; writing it as

739:, a system for CERN researchers to use and share documents. In 1989, Berners-Lee wrote a memo proposing an 6007:"document type declaration subset for Hyper Text Markup Language as defined by the World Wide Web project" 13276: 12281: 11759: 10056: 8790: 8280: 8113: 8052: 6912: 6642: 4003: 3983: 3973: 3953: 3718: 3580: 3253:

to be included in the content of an element or in the value of an attribute. The double-quote character (

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to define the syntax. The draft expired after six months, but was notable for its acknowledgment of the

13262: 12820: 12815: 12517: 12445: 11941: 11849: 11799: 11558: 10891: 10886: 10285: 9264: 8759: 8137: 7643: 6040:"Document Type Definition for the Hyper Text Markup Language as used by the World Wide Web application" 5928: 5056: 4047:

attacks, because of accessibility issues for blind or visually impaired people, because it can confuse

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In December 2012, W3C designated HTML5 as a Candidate Recommendation. The criterion for advancement to

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identifier for the element, typically a sub-section of the page. For example, the ID "Attributes" in

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In the simple, general case, the extent of an element is indicated by a pair of tags: a "start tag"

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in that, although it may have attributes, it can take no content and it may not have an end tag.

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Berners-Lee considered HTML to be an application of SGML. It was formally defined as such by the

94: 6708: 3229:, respectively) to be interpreted as character data, rather than markup. For example, a literal 12359: 12127: 12117: 11246: 10664: 10245: 10049: 9392: 9186: 8783: 8703: 8241: 8183: 8057: 7962: 7872: 7858: 7237:

Weaving the Web: The Original Design and Ultimate Destiny of the World Wide Web by Its Inventor

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The W3C recommends several conventions to ensure an easy migration between HTML and XHTML (see

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is composed primarily of HTML documents transmitted from web servers to web browsers using the

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or presentation purposes. For example, an HTML document might semantically use the designation

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Include explicit close tags for elements that permit content but are left empty (for example,

3301:, to be represented within the element and attribute content. For example, the acute-accented 586: 13307: 12950: 12840: 12401: 11548: 11058: 10280: 10250: 10143: 10133: 10094: 10086: 9761: 8988: 8941: 8879: 8754: 8723: 8648: 8638: 8598: 7987: 7743: 7636: 6755:"XHTML 2 Working Group Expected to Stop Work End of 2009, W3C to Increase Resources on HTML5" 5146:"HTML 4.0 Specification — W3C Recommendation — Conformance: requirements and recommendations" 5046: 4750:(Deprecated. use CSS instead.) list (no substitute, though the unordered list is recommended) 4080: 3269:

when it appears within the attribute value itself. Equivalently, the single-quote character (

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Like HTML 4.01, XHTML 1.0 has three sub-specifications: strict, transitional, and frameset.

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does not define a DTD; therefore, in HTML5 the doctype declaration is simpler and shorter:

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in favor of style sheets. HTML 4 is an SGML application conforming to ISO 8879 – SGML.

877: 819: 795:, which describes the features of early text formatting languages such as that used by the 771:(SGML)-based documentation format at CERN. Eleven of these elements still exist in HTML 4. 379: 296: 161: 20: 8: 13150: 12147: 9976: 9617: 9609: 9109: 8936: 8894: 8603: 8588: 8552: 8502: 8487: 8304: 8285: 8260: 8188: 7927: 7887: 7806: 6421: 4980:), in which the user lays out everything as it is to appear in the HTML document using a 2893: 1824:

Many tags, particularly the closing end tag for the very commonly used paragraph element

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Sauer, C.: WYSIWIKI – Questioning WYSIWYG in the Internet Age. In: Wikimania (2006)

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Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the

3013:, though sometimes this can be too cumbersome for a simple, specific, or ad hoc styling. 2562:

Comments can help in the understanding of the markup and do not display in the webpage.

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WYSIWYG editors remain a controversial topic because of their perceived flaws such as:

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surround and provide information about document text and may include sub-element tags.

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to specify text direction, such as with "rtl" for right-to-left text in, for example,

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The Frameset version includes everything in the Transitional version, as well as the

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Presentational markup indicates the appearance of the text, regardless of its purpose

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XHTML 2.0 was a working draft. Work on it was abandoned in 2009 in favor of work on

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used to embed images, the reference to the image resource in the format like this:

1143: 917: 906: 895: 884: 869: 791:. Many of the text elements are mentioned in the 1988 ISO technical report TR 9537 362: 211: 8775: 7544: 5883: 5816: 5655: 5587: 4593:

element is only supported in Internet Explorer (from the major browsers)) elements

4075:, which originated because some early operating systems and file systems, such as 1701: 13005: 12265: 11986: 11891: 11645: 11573: 11568: 11563: 11048: 11011: 11006: 11001: 10996: 10991: 10986: 10981: 9734: 9713: 9397: 9284: 8872: 8663: 8517: 8497: 7892: 7551: 6851: 6209: 6151: 6096: 6066: 5772: 5699: 5634: 5416: 5091: 3891: 3874: 3177: 3169: 1683:

is for HTML5. If a declaration is not included, various browsers will revert to "

967: 775: 752: 728: 717: 535: 323: 264: 7429: 7420: 7401: 7039: 6527: 6478: 6241: 6232: 6213: 5746: 5448: 5439: 5420: 5171: 1147: 1105:, an informal CERN document listing 18 HTML tags, was first mentioned in public. 921: 910: 899: 888: 873: 665:

do not display the HTML tags but use them to interpret the content of the page.

610: 11553: 11301: 11113: 10976: 10966: 10961: 10956: 10951: 10946: 10941: 10936: 10931: 10300: 10290: 9744: 9356: 9314: 9099: 8862: 8124: 7997: 7942: 7922: 7598: 7132: 6595: 5794: 5505: 4985: 4906:—a new highly advanced web-form technology to replace the existing HTML forms. 4117:, communicating only to web servers and manipulating only web page objects and 3979: 3407: 2932:

attribute provides a way of classifying similar elements. This can be used for

2887: 1418: 1027:

HTML 4.0 was reissued with minor edits without incrementing the version number.

569: 467: 330: 274: 7315: 6995: 1276:

XHTML is a separate language that began as a reformulation of HTML 4.01 using

13322: 13292: 13286: 13228: 13223: 13213: 13208: 13203: 13195: 13190: 13180: 13165: 13160: 13115: 13100: 13095: 13090: 13080: 13070: 13060: 13055: 13035: 13030: 13020: 12995: 12985: 12975: 12940: 12935: 12925: 12920: 12910: 12885: 12880: 12341: 12316: 12301: 12237: 12232: 12227: 12222: 12217: 12062: 12007: 11976: 11966: 11829: 11819: 11789: 11784: 11734: 11714: 11692: 11677: 11630: 11595: 11538: 11533: 11523: 11401: 11346: 11321: 11316: 11296: 11169: 10709: 10148: 10118: 9878: 9739: 9196: 9124: 9114: 9040: 8847: 8374: 7937: 7897: 7867: 7718: 7263: 6574: 5905: 5838: 5096: 4064: 3937: 3895: 3812: 3668: 3638: 3609: 959: 713: 500: 369: 335: 318: 173: 9682: 7106: 6776: 6444:"W3C Confirms May 2011 for HTML5 Last Call, Targets 2014 for HTML5 Standard" 6443: 6279: 5404:

around floating figures, fill-out forms, tables, and mathematical equations.

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attribute is used to attach a subtextual explanation to an element. In most

2912:

There are several common attributes that may appear in many elements :

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tags with H1 being the highest (or most important) level and H6 the least:

1950: 1710: 1696: 1172: 991:

HTML 4.0 was published as a W3C Recommendation. It offers three variations:

823: 756: 582: 576: 572:

the documents into multimedia web pages. HTML describes the structure of a

313: 308: 303: 254: 7610: 7582: 5725: 4328:

Use the empty-element syntax only for elements specified as empty in HTML.

1179: 150: 35: 12750: 12542: 12512: 12505: 12500: 12177: 11874: 11869: 11864: 11448: 11365: 10337: 9593: 9525: 9494: 9231: 9082: 9052: 9035: 8832: 8718: 8698: 8567: 8532: 8468: 8394: 8157: 8046: 8041: 7992: 7967: 7957: 7801: 7758: 7753: 7659: 5086: 5051: 4118: 4110: 3925: 3913:

to read and index millions of web pages a day and provide web users with

3906: 3793: 3734: 3291: 3021: 2959: 2721: 1756:. The text content of the element, if any, is placed between these tags. 1684: 1619: 1014: 783: 779: 748: 662: 561: 543: 539: 462: 457: 347: 291: 183: 3917:

without which the World Wide Web's usefulness would be greatly reduced.

2731:

Hypertext markup makes parts of a document into links to other documents

593:

may be embedded into the rendered page. HTML provides a means to create

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HTML markup consists of several key components, including those called

684:

over explicit presentational HTML since 1997. A form of HTML, known as

673: 565: 555: 406: 401: 279: 269: 72: 7563: 7374: 6665:"XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition)" 3273:), when not used to quote an attribute value, must also be escaped as 3257:), when not used to quote an attribute value, must also be escaped as 13233: 13010: 12945: 12734: 12729: 12724: 12719: 12714: 12704: 12694: 12689: 12679: 12674: 12669: 12664: 12654: 12649: 12644: 12629: 12624: 12614: 12609: 12604: 12594: 12589: 12584: 12579: 12574: 12569: 12564: 12559: 12537: 12532: 12522: 12495: 12490: 12480: 12475: 12470: 12465: 12455: 12450: 12440: 12425: 12420: 12415: 12336: 12331: 12326: 12321: 12296: 12286: 12247: 12197: 12192: 12187: 12182: 12087: 12082: 12077: 12067: 12057: 12042: 12022: 12017: 12012: 11961: 11906: 11901: 11881: 11859: 11839: 11794: 11774: 11729: 11724: 11719: 11687: 11650: 11640: 11625: 11620: 11615: 11600: 11585: 11580: 11508: 11503: 11498: 11478: 11468: 11463: 11458: 11443: 11438: 11386: 11381: 11361: 11331: 11306: 11291: 11261: 11214: 11204: 11184: 11179: 11164: 11159: 11073: 10794: 10789: 10684: 10330: 10325: 10320: 10315: 10310: 10218: 10213: 10208: 10203: 9853: 9216: 9154: 8458: 8453: 8314: 8147: 8142: 8103: 8072: 8067: 8031: 7972: 7825: 7412: 7375:"XHTML 1.0 The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition)" 7146: 6224: 5556: 5431: 4952: 4400: 3991: 3987: 3910: 3714: 3378: 2933: 2735: 2340: 963: 744: 725: 602: 598: 84: 13271: 7388:

with the Internet Media Type "application/xhtml+xml" as defined in .

4221:

XHTML uses XML's built-in language-defining functionality attribute.

1301: 13085: 12659: 12639: 12599: 12554: 12485: 12430: 11971: 11749: 11453: 11281: 11118: 11108: 11093: 11068: 11053: 11028: 11023: 10906: 10881: 10876: 10861: 10856: 10851: 10841: 10806: 10801: 10784: 10764: 10759: 10754: 10749: 10744: 10739: 10729: 10714: 10704: 10699: 10689: 10674: 10669: 10659: 10654: 10649: 10634: 10629: 10624: 10619: 10614: 10599: 10584: 10557: 10552: 10547: 10542: 10537: 10532: 10527: 10517: 10512: 10492: 10487: 10477: 10472: 10462: 10457: 10447: 10442: 10437: 10412: 10402: 10295: 10198: 10193: 10188: 10183: 10178: 10173: 10168: 10163: 10158: 10006: 9956: 9951: 9941: 9918: 9913: 9828: 9807: 9166: 9134: 9094: 9030: 8842: 8708: 8572: 8389: 8319: 8275: 8270: 8152: 8077: 8062: 7587: 6960: 6575:"Call for Review: HTML5 Proposed Recommendation Published W3C News" 6356: 6254: 5534: 5017: 4313:). The following steps can be applied to XHTML 1.0 documents only: 4044: 2799:

is an empty element with attributes but no content or closing tag.

1167: 955: 764: 740: 590: 573: 6792:"W3C and WHATWG to Work Together to Advance the Open Web Platform" 4272:

Change the XML empty-element syntax to an HTML style empty element

3921:

uniformly applied to bring out the meaning of the published text.

13110: 13075: 13065: 12634: 12547: 12260: 12052: 12037: 11834: 11824: 11814: 11590: 11406: 11251: 11239: 10397: 10392: 10387: 10382: 10377: 10362: 10357: 10352: 10347: 10342: 10305: 10260: 10255: 10240: 10235: 10230: 9996: 9893: 9868: 9848: 9553: 9309: 9159: 8921: 8668: 8653: 8527: 8265: 8198: 8016: 7917: 7062: 6686: 5677: 4992: 4973: 4168: 3879: 3322: 3025: 736: 12370: 6732: 6664: 6618:"HTML5 specification finalized, squabbling over specs continues" 6596:"Open Web Platform Milestone Achieved with HTML5 Recommendation" 5795:"Open Web Platform Milestone Achieved with HTML5 Recommendation" 4937: 4251:<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> 4051:

filters and because the message size is larger than plain text.

3799:

In addition, HTML 4.01 provides Transitional and Frameset DTDs,

227: 13140: 13135: 13130: 13040: 12980: 12970: 12965: 12955: 12915: 12865: 12122: 12107: 12102: 12097: 11769: 11744: 11672: 11528: 11513: 11493: 11488: 11433: 11426: 11421: 11416: 11311: 11276: 11123: 10774: 10589: 10153: 9986: 9981: 9903: 9843: 9833: 9787: 9583: 9504: 9372: 9294: 9176: 9129: 9067: 9020: 8931: 8728: 8693: 8678: 8643: 8547: 8478: 8364: 8359: 8329: 8255: 8089: 8021: 7912: 7902: 7820: 7773: 7628: 7578: 6399: 4903: 4902:(a presentational and semantic math language based on XML) and 4899: 1246:

is "two 100% complete and fully interoperable implementations".

971: 452: 428: 110: 7290:

Berners-Lee, Tim; Hendler, James; Lassila, Ora (May 1, 2001).

6920: 6883:"Browser vendors Win War with W3C over HTML and DOM standards" 6160:"HyperText Markup Language Specification – 2.0 INTERNET DRAFT" 6075:"Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) Internet-Draft version 1.1" 1638:

defines a division of the page used for easy styling. Between

1256:

In September 2014, W3C moved HTML5 to Proposed Recommendation.

12990: 12870: 12860: 12855: 12845: 12755: 12684: 12157: 12132: 11854: 11739: 11610: 11391: 11256: 11128: 11103: 11098: 11078: 10452: 10422: 10417: 10138: 10123: 10113: 10108: 10016: 10001: 9946: 9883: 9802: 9782: 9299: 9269: 9259: 9221: 9171: 9149: 9139: 9077: 9015: 9010: 8904: 8633: 8542: 7796: 7768: 7731: 6105:"Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) Internet-Draft version 1.2" 4919: 4163: 3961: 3929: 3902:

of the specific data they wish to mash, compare and combine.

3747: 3326: 2327:

without altering the semantic structure of the page, whereas

1297: 1271: 1208: 1191: 1064: 685: 637:

directly introduce content into the page. Other tags such as

585:

are the building blocks of HTML pages. With HTML constructs,

433: 423: 418: 411: 286: 259: 203: 41: 5773:"HTML5: A vocabulary and associated APIs for HTML and XHTML" 4303:

document rather than remembering which tags can be omitted.

2720:

italicized. Most presentational markup elements have become

1320:

design decisions. The WHATWG "Living Standard" had been the

1249:

2014 HTML5 – Proposed Recommendation and Recommendation

12930: 12527: 11804: 11660: 11326: 11271: 10871: 10482: 9971: 9863: 9289: 9191: 8978: 8562: 8108: 7791: 6821: 5797:(Press release). World Wide Web Consortium. 28 October 2014 5131: 3158: 1913:. Empty elements may enclose no content, for instance, the 1308: 1204: 732: 605:, quotes, and other items. HTML elements are delineated by 5635:"HTML 4 – 4 Conformance: requirements and recommendations" 4331:

Include an extra space in empty-element tags: for example

2480:

There are many possible ways a user can give input/s like:

688:, is used to display video and audio, primarily using the 12709: 12291: 11981: 11033: 9797: 9413: 9226: 9181: 9089: 8857: 8208: 7738: 7289: 5010: 4147: 4126: 4076: 2743: 2725: 2565:

There are several types of markup elements used in HTML:

2437: 1284:

and is no longer being developed as a separate standard.

1277: 1233: 788: 681: 389: 7403:

Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels

4436:

Inline elements and plain text are allowed directly in:

3894:

and hybridization of information is usually designed by

2783:" as a hyperlink. To render an image as a hyperlink, an 7316:

Nigel Shadbolt, Wendy Hall and Tim Berners-Lee (2006).

6339:

1998 USENIX Annual Technical Conference (USENIX ATC 98)

5926: 4211:

The language for an element should be specified with a

3095:, can be used to demonstrate some of these attributes: 837:(W3C). In 2000, HTML became an international standard ( 7671: 7447:"XHTML 1.1 – Module-based XHTML — Second Edition" 7063:"Why attribute values should always be quoted in HTML" 6687:"XHTML 1.1 – Module-based XHTML — Second Edition" 4469:)(Deprecated. can confuse a visitor with a hyperlink.) 2962:. Multiple class values may be specified; for example 1003:

Transitional, in which deprecated elements are allowed

19:".htm" and ".html" redirect here. For other uses, see 13260: 7309: 6302:"HyperText Markup Language Specification Version 3.0" 6280:"HyperText Markup Language Specification Version 3.0" 10071: 7232: 6852:"Memorandum of Understanding Between W3C and WHATWG" 5508:. Internet Engineering Task Force. 28 October 2014. 4892: 8805: 7566:. Invisiblerevolution.net. Retrieved on 2012-02-16. 6208: 6150: 6095: 6065: 5859: 5522:

This document recommends HTML 5.0 after completion.

5415: 5346: 4157: 3213:" characters in this way allows for the characters 2724:under the HTML 4.0 specification in favor of using 7234: 6874: 6360: 4264:For both HTML and XHTML, this comes from the HTTP 3783:"https://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd" 3183: 3164:Most elements take the language-related attribute 1977:. The title is included in the head, for example: 1839:The general form of an HTML element is therefore: 1000:Strict, in which deprecated elements are forbidden 847:Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group 7599:List of all HTML elements from all major versions 7280:to confirm that these were both released in 1997. 6844: 6814: 6783: 4737:Additional elements in Transitional specification 4515:(required element according to the W3C.) element. 4109:application that uses HTML and Dynamic HTML in a 579:and originally included cues for its appearance. 13284: 7085:"Objects, Images, and Applets in HTML documents" 5347:Berners-Lee, Tim; Connolly, Daniel (June 1993). 5290:. World Wide Web Consortium. December 24, 1999. 5148:. World Wide Web Consortium. December 18, 1997. 5077:List of XML and HTML character entity references 3190:List of XML and HTML character entity references 1674:element can be used to define webpage metadata. 5237:. World Wide Web Consortium. November 3, 1992. 4920:§ Transition of HTML Publication to WHATWG 4864: 4258:Ensure that the document's MIME type is set to 3800: 3009:attributes to select the element from within a 2569:Structural markup indicates the purpose of text 1123:Hypertext Markup Language was published by the 1087:HTML 5.2 was published as a W3C Recommendation. 1081:HTML 5.1 was published as a W3C Recommendation. 546:. It is often assisted by technologies such as 7593:Tim Berners-Lee Gives the Web a New Definition 7149:. World Wide Web Consortium. January 26, 2000. 7135:. World Wide Web Consortium. October 24, 2012. 7087:. World Wide Web Consortium. December 24, 1999 6689:. World Wide Web Consortium. February 16, 2007 6274: 6272: 6257:. World Wide Web Consortium. December 21, 1995 5680:. World Wide Web Consortium. December 24, 1999 5615:. World Wide Web Consortium. December 18, 1997 4511:(Deprecated. use CSS instead.) attributes for 4325:attributes on any elements assigning language. 4238: 3854:tags. There are also the semantically neutral 1713:. These are indicated in the document by HTML 1203:Although its syntax closely resembles that of 1093: 601:for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists, 12386: 10057: 9712: 9698: 8791: 7644: 7516:Freeman, E (2005). Head First HTML. O'Reilly. 6667:. World Wide Web Consortium. January 26, 2000 6363:Cascading style sheets: designing for the Web 6306:HTML 3.0 Internet Draft Expires in six months 5908:. World Wide Web Consortium. 14 December 2017 5886:. World Wide Web Consortium. 14 December 2017 5578: 5576: 5537:. World Wide Web Consortium. January 14, 1997 5016:Often producing ungrammatical markup, called 4699:(Deprecated. use CSS instead.) attributes on 4559:(Deprecated. use CSS instead.) attributes on 4414: 3898:, who already know the web locations and the 3198:As of version 4.0, HTML defines a set of 252 2420:This is a link in HTML. To create a link the 1762:The start tag may also include the element's 1596:is the visible page content. The markup text 1572:describes the web page, and the text between 1352:. HTML tags most commonly come in pairs like 508: 6468: 5927:Charles McCathie Nevile (14 December 2017). 5841:. World Wide Web Consortium. 1 November 2016 5819:. World Wide Web Consortium. 1 November 2016 5775:. World Wide Web Consortium. 28 October 2014 4653:(Deprecated. use CSS instead.) attribute on 4599:(Deprecated. use CSS instead.) attribute on 4521:(Deprecated. use CSS instead.) attribute on 3729:HTML documents are required to start with a 3724: 2224:CSS can substantially change the rendering. 1075:HTML5 was published as a W3C Recommendation. 538:for documents designed to be displayed in a 6963:. Hsivonen.iki.fi. Retrieved on 2012-02-16. 6422:"HTML5, one vocabulary, two serializations" 6269: 5719: 5717: 5658:. World Wide Web Consortium. April 24, 1998 5312: 5259: 4913: 4083:data structure, limited file extensions to 3233:normally indicates the start of a tag, and 1709:HTML documents imply a structure of nested 1424:The following is an example of the classic 12393: 12379: 10064: 10050: 9705: 9691: 8798: 8784: 7651: 7637: 7608: 7399: 7323:. IEEE Intelligent Systems. Archived from 7233:Berners-Lee, Tim; Fischetti, Mark (2000). 7210:"HTML 4 Frameset Document Type Definition" 7040:"XHTML 1.0 – Differences with HTML 4" 6944:"An epitaph for the Web standard, XHTML 2" 6757:. World Wide Web Consortium. July 17, 2009 6735:. World Wide Web Consortium. July 26, 2006 6402:. World Wide Web Consortium. June 10, 2008 5573: 5471: 5469: 5467: 5465: 5463: 5461: 5229: 5227: 5225: 5020:or semantically incorrect markup (such as 3286:accessible to other browsers and to other 2779: 2524: 1225:2012 HTML5 – Candidate Recommendation 542:. It defines the content and structure of 515: 501: 13250:International Electrotechnical Commission 7411: 6941: 6905: 6223: 6030: 6028: 5506:"HTML5 – Hypertext Markup Language – 5.0" 5430: 5377: 5138: 4101:An HTML Application (HTA; file extension 2892:Most of the attributes of an element are 7139: 6954: 6610: 6499: 6183: 6089: 6034: 6001: 5975: 5949: 5860:Philippe le Hegaret (17 November 2016). 5714: 2923:https://en.wikipedia.org/HTML#Attributes 2787:element is inserted as content into the 1700: 1618:defines the browser page title shown on 1411:Another important component is the HTML 1309:Transition of HTML publication to WHATWG 1178: 852: 712: 9657:International World Wide Web Conference 7261: 7060: 6880: 6436: 6299: 6212:; Connolly, Daniel W. (November 1995). 6202: 6128:"History for draft-raggett-www-html-00" 6125: 5475: 5458: 5419:; Connolly, Daniel W. (November 1995). 5383:"A Review of the HTML+ Document Format" 5222: 5183: 4129:) and executed from local file system. 3290:that may try to parse the document for 13298:Computer-related introductions in 1990 13285: 7611:"Early History of HTML – 1990 to 1992" 6541: 6351: 6329: 6025: 5929:"HTML 5.2 is done, HTML 5.3 is coming" 5906:"HTML 5.2 is now a W3C Recommendation" 5582: 5393:from the original on February 29, 2000 5325:from the original on December 22, 2007 4784:(Obsolete) attribute on script element 4231:HTML has no facilities for namespaces. 4142:has developed style languages such as 3864:separation of content and presentation 2457:"https://www.wikipedia.org/" 1392:. The first tag in such a pair is the 12374: 10045: 9686: 8779: 8229: 7846: 7670: 7632: 7564:Doug Engelbart's INVISIBLE REVOLUTION 7554:. Xhtml.com. Retrieved on 2012-02-16. 7472:"Naming Files, Paths, and Namespaces" 6961:Activating Browser Modes with Doctype 6789: 6255:"HTML 3.0 Draft (Expired!) Materials" 5512:from the original on October 28, 2014 5371: 5313:Berners-Lee, Tim (December 9, 1991). 5262:"Re: status. Re: X11 BROWSER for WWW" 5260:Berners-Lee, Tim (October 29, 1991). 5241:from the original on January 31, 2010 4764:elements can be used as a substitute) 4054: 3936:Good semantic HTML also improves the 3780:"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" 3139:"Hypertext Markup Language" 2761:"https://en.wikipedia.org/" 2594:establishes "Golf" as a second-level 2545: 2503: 799:developed in the early 1960s for the 668:HTML can embed programs written in a 9331:Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 5359:from the original on January 3, 2017 5174:". CERN (March 1989, May 1990). W3C. 4931: 4235:Change the document type declaration 3942:Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1879:. Some HTML elements are defined as 1315:HTML5 § W3C and WHATWG conflict 769:Standard Generalized Markup Language 13318:World Wide Web Consortium standards 7588:Dave Raggett's Introduction to HTML 6942:Shankland, Stephen (July 9, 2009). 5753:. Geneva, CH: ISO/IEC. May 15, 2000 5723: 4695:(Deprecated. use CSS instead.) and 4613:(Deprecated. use CSS instead.) and 4555:(Deprecated. use CSS instead.) and 4507:(Deprecated. use CSS instead.) and 4132: 4090: 4071:. A common abbreviation of this is 2056:HTML headings are defined with the 1944: 1794:"example.com/example.jpg" 1717:, enclosed in angle brackets thus: 700:element, together with JavaScript. 13: 7393: 7377:. World Wide Web Consortium. 2002 7133:"Character Entity Reference Chart" 6367:. Addison Wesley Longman. p. 6184:Connolly, Daniel W. (1995-05-16). 5955:"MIME as a hypertext architecture" 5839:"HTML 5.1 is a W3C Recommendation" 5568:Note: This working group is closed 5535:"HTML 3.2 Reference Specification" 5172:Information Management: A Proposal 4927: 4617:(Deprecated. use CSS instead.) on 4237:from XHTML 1.0 to HTML 4.01. (see 4002:) and the character encoding (see 2037: 958:'s visual markup tags. Netscape's 95:Uniform Type Identifier (UTI) 14: 13334: 12400: 10033:List of document markup languages 7572: 7449:. World Wide Web Consortium. 2007 7147:"The Named Character Reference '" 6500:Grannell, Craig (July 23, 2012). 6469:Hickson, Ian (January 19, 2011). 6332:"Weblint: just another perl hack" 6186:"Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0" 5409: 5268:from the original on May 24, 2007 5152:from the original on July 5, 2015 5072:List of document markup languages 4893:Summary of specification versions 3858:tags. Since the late 1990s, when 3024:this attribute is displayed as a 2742:attribute sets the link's target 2031:"stylebyjimbowales.css" 1380:and so are unpaired, for example 1265: 1162:W3C began development of its own 13270: 12355: 12354: 8230: 7658: 6881:Cimpanu, Catalin (29 May 2019). 6862:from the original on 29 May 2019 6832:from the original on 29 May 2019 6802:from the original on 29 May 2019 5747:"ISO/IEC 15445:2000(E) ISO-HTML" 5294:from the original on May 5, 2007 4936: 4691:(Deprecated. use CSS instead.), 4631:(Deprecated. use CSS instead.), 4569:(Deprecated. use CSS instead.), 4551:(Deprecated. use CSS instead.), 4547:(Deprecated. use CSS instead.), 4215:attribute rather than the XHTML 4158:SGML-based versus XML-based HTML 3806: 3766:An example of an HTML 4 doctype 2557: 1153:April 1995 (authored March 1995) 34: 9554:Multimodal Interaction Activity 9514:Community & business groups 7557: 7538: 7528: 7519: 7510: 7498: 7486: 7464: 7439: 7367: 7342: 7283: 7255: 7226: 7202: 7178: 7153: 7125: 7099: 7077: 7061:Korpela, Jukka (July 6, 1998). 7054: 7032: 7010: 6988: 6966: 6935: 6769: 6747: 6725: 6701: 6679: 6657: 6635: 6588: 6567: 6520: 6493: 6462: 6414: 6392: 6345: 6323: 6300:Raggett, Dave (28 March 1995). 6293: 6247: 6215:Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0 6177: 6164:Internet Engineering Task Force 6144: 6119: 6059: 5995: 5969: 5943: 5920: 5898: 5876: 5862:"HTML 5.1 is the gold standard" 5853: 5831: 5809: 5787: 5765: 5739: 5692: 5670: 5648: 5627: 5605: 5549: 5527: 5498: 5422:Hypertext Markup Language - 2.0 5340: 5315:"Re: SGML/HTML docs, X Browser" 5021: 4500:Presentation related attributes 4377: 4359: 4344: 4332: 4287: 4275: 4249: 4191: 4179: 4079:and the limitations imposed by 3924:Presentational markup tags are 3843: 3831: 3819: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3678: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3604: 3599: 3594: 3589: 3575: 3570: 3565: 3560: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3531: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3489: 3484: 3479: 3474: 3460: 3455: 3450: 3445: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3373: 3368: 3363: 3358: 3184:Character and entity references 2986:puts the element into both the 2963: 2937: 2814:"https://example.org" 2800: 2747: 2746:. For example, the HTML markup 2698: 2676: 2654: 2632: 2609: 2573: 2421: 2344: 2328: 2313: 2301: 2289: 2277: 2069: 2057: 1956: 1926: 1914: 1884: 1840: 1825: 1806: 1780: 1768: 1745: 1733: 1718: 1705:HTML element content categories 1678: 1663: 1651: 1639: 1627: 1597: 1585: 1573: 1561: 1549: 1381: 1365: 1353: 1006:Frameset, in which mostly only 808:Internet Engineering Task Force 689: 650: 638: 626: 614: 6549:"When Will HTML5 Be Finished?" 6504:. Net magazine. Archived from 6056:See section "Revision History" 5306: 5288:"Index of the HTML 4 elements" 5280: 5253: 5196: 5177: 5164: 5124: 4494:(Deprecated. use CSS instead.) 4488:(Deprecated. use CSS instead.) 4482:(Deprecated. use CSS instead.) 4020: 3333:Example HTML Escape Sequences 2272: 1677:The Document Type Declaration 1280:1.0. It is now referred to as 708: 564:receive HTML documents from a 1: 5264:. World Wide Web Consortium. 5118: 4997:what you see is what you mean 4461:Presentation related elements 4311:HTML Compatibility Guidelines 3708: 3313:or as the numeric references 2881: 1955:Header of the HTML document: 1010:related elements are allowed. 489:Comparison of browser engines 9352:Web Accessibility Initiative 7318:"The Semantic Web Revisited" 6126:Raggett, Dave (1993-11-08). 4978:what you see is what you get 4865:Frameset versus transitional 3869:In a 2001 discussion of the 3325:character encodings such as 3204:numeric character references 2838:"descriptive text" 2734:An anchor element creates a 1324:web standard for some time. 947:HTML 3.2 was published as a 7: 9637:(browser/editor, 1996–2012) 7545:XHTML Reference: blockquote 7350:"HTML: The Living Standard" 7165:: A Technical Introduction" 7042:. World Wide Web Consortium 7020:. World Wide Web Consortium 6790:Jaffe, Jeff (28 May 2019). 5931:. World Wide Web Consortium 5864:. World Wide Web Consortium 5039: 4246:remove the XML declaration. 4004:Character encodings in HTML 3984:Hypertext Transfer Protocol 3974:Hypertext Transfer Protocol 3947: 3940:of web documents (see also 3200:character entity references 2051: 1868:''content'' 1802:Some elements, such as the 1690: 1214:2011 HTML5 – Last Call 1094:HTML draft version timeline 131:; 31 years ago 10: 13339: 7847: 6244:. 5057:Comparison of HTML parsers 4917: 4415:Transitional versus strict 4268:header sent by the server. 4225:Remove the XML namespace ( 4094: 4035:markup not available with 4024: 3971: 3810: 3187: 3091:The abbreviation element, 2885: 1948: 1694: 1376:, although some represent 1312: 1269: 1062: 868:HTML 2.0 was published as 735:, proposed and prototyped 703: 589:and other objects such as 568:or from local storage and 18: 13242: 12743: 12408: 12350: 12274: 12000: 11152: 10101: 10083: 10030: 9816: 9770: 9720: 9714:Document markup languages 9649: 9592: 9574: 9567: 9535: 9513: 9477: 9451: 9443:World Wide Web Foundation 9438: 9431: 9406: 9365: 9347:Markup Validation Service 9339: 9323: 9245: 9209: 8927:Linked Data Notifications 8823: 8814: 8807:World Wide Web Consortium 8750: 8674:Internet Explorer for Mac 8581: 8477: 8418: 8294: 8240: 8236: 8225: 8166: 8122: 8088: 8006: 7857: 7853: 7842: 7784: 7717: 7691: 7687: 7666: 7406:. Network Working Group. 7400:S. Bradner (March 1997). 7264:"Adding a touch of style" 7241:. San Francisco: Harper. 6709:"Modularization of XHTML" 6448:World Wide Web Consortium 6310:World Wide Web Consortium 6218:. Network Working Group. 6107:. IETF IIIR Working Group 6077:. IETF IIIR Working Group 5678:"HTML 4.01 Specification" 5425:. Network Working Group. 5067:HTML character references 4853:element (used instead of 4827:, client-side image-map ( 4391:Omit the XML declaration. 4241:for further explanation). 3888:price comparison websites 3731:Document type declaration 3725:Document type declaration 3643:Names are case sensitive 3157:This example displays as 3130:"color:purple;" 2475: 2288:. The difference between 1414:document type declaration 1327: 1232:In July 2012, WHATWG and 1058: 980: 936: 857: 835:World Wide Web Consortium 814:, which included an SGML 793:Techniques for using SGML 678:World Wide Web Consortium 528:Hypertext Markup Language 484:Document markup languages 222: 209: 199: 189: 179: 167: 157: 143: 125: 116:World Wide Web Consortium 103: 93: 83: 71: 48: 33: 16:HyperText Markup Language 9730:Compound Document Format 7595:(archived 12 April 2011) 5656:"HTML 4.0 Specification" 5613:"HTML 4.0 Specification" 5588:"Introduction to Wilbur" 4984:(GUI), often similar to 4982:graphical user interface 4914:WHATWG HTML versus HTML5 4881:elements, or optionally 4823:elements.) attribute on 4663:(Obsolete) attribute on 4403:), or as XHTML (with an 3768: 3752: 3742:Document type definition 3673:Names may have synonyms 3097: 3076:, as they say in France. 3036: 2777:, will render the word " 2738:in the document and its 2554: 2482: 2442: 2415: 2361: 2229: 2082: 1979: 1430: 1396:, and the second is the 913:(client-side image maps) 891:(form-based file upload) 816:Document type definition 73:Internet media type 13313:Technical communication 7493:HTML Design Constraints 7111:Techniques for WCAG 2.0 6502:"HTML5 gets the splits" 6471:"HTML Is the New HTML5" 4877:, that contains either 4171:as (X)HTML or X(HTML). 3967: 3202:and a set of 1,114,050 2339:sections the page into 1426:"Hello, World!" program 1282:the XML syntax for HTML 597:by denoting structural 7625:(Timeframe: 1980–1995) 7426:Best Current Practice. 7262:Raggett, Dave (2002). 6950:. CBS INTERACTIVE INC. 6598:. W3C. 28 October 2014 6240:Obsoleted by RFC 6042:. CERN. Archived from 6009:. CERN. Archived from 5476:Raggett, Dave (1998). 5447:Obsoleted by RFC 4949:about contenteditable. 4947:is missing information 4794:Frame related entities 4432:A looser content model 4422:cascading style sheets 4169:conflate the two names 4115:web browser's security 3860:Cascading Style Sheets 3294:purposes for example. 2997:An author may use the 2600:Cascading Style Sheets 2222: 2022:"stylesheet" 1706: 1400:(they are also called 1184: 1157:mathematical formulas. 721: 548:Cascading Style Sheets 5102:W3C (X)HTML Validator 5047:Breadcrumb navigation 4770:(Deprecated. use the 4405:application/xhtml+xml 4000:application/xhtml+xml 3990:usually includes the 3713:HTML defines several 2829:"image.gif" 2440:address of the link. 2203: 1704: 1680:<!DOCTYPE html> 1433:<!DOCTYPE html> 1182: 1039:ISO/IEC 15445:2000 (" 853:HTML version timeline 782:use to interpret and 716: 375:Document Object Model 13277:Computer programming 8659:IBM Home Page Reader 7583:HTML Living Standard 7428:Updated by RFC 7278:list of web browsers 7163:The Unicode Standard 6643:"HTML vs XML syntax" 6555:. WHAT Working Group 6158:(28 November 1994). 6038:(24 November 1992). 4786:(redundant with the 4248:(Typically this is: 3928:in current HTML and 3581:Registered Trademark 2539:"checkbox" 2462:A link to Knowledge! 2436:attribute holds the 1346:character references 926:internationalization 880:added capabilities: 759:is the first entry. 595:structured documents 380:Browser Object Model 162:Document file format 7296:Scientific American 6913:"W3C - WHATWG Wiki" 6330:Bowers, N. (1998). 5981:"HTML DTD enclosed" 5235:"Tags used in HTML" 5204:"Tags used in HTML" 4811:(Deprecated in the 4067:containing HTML is 3334: 3292:search and indexing 1626:titles and the tag 1340:), character-based 1194:was published as a 1045:ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34 883:November 25, 1995: 552:scripting languages 353:Character encodings 30: 10077:by standard number 9663:Steering Committee 9543:Device Description 9521:Web Advertising BG 7550:2010-03-25 at the 7292:"The Semantic Web" 7018:"On SGML and HTML" 6996:"CSS Introduction" 6450:. 14 February 2011 6046:on 18 January 2012 6005:(18 August 1992). 5584:Engelfriet, Arnoud 5184:Berners-Lee, Tim. 5170:Tim Berners-Lee, " 4061:filename extension 4055:Naming conventions 3801:as explained below 3523:Non-Breaking Space 3332: 3299:character encoding 3121:"jargon" 2905:attribute for the 1925:tag or the inline 1907:"value2" 1898:"value1" 1883:and take the form 1863:"value2" 1854:"value1" 1707: 1244:W3C Recommendation 1185: 949:W3C Recommendation 731:, a contractor at 722: 670:scripting language 534:) is the standard 190:Extended from 169:Container for 50:Filename extension 28: 13258: 13257: 12368: 12367: 10091:ISO romanizations 10039: 10038: 9680: 9679: 9645: 9644: 9563: 9562: 9427: 9426: 8773: 8772: 8746: 8745: 8742: 8741: 8429:Internet Explorer 8221: 8220: 8217: 8216: 7838: 7837: 7834: 7833: 7330:on March 20, 2013 7248:978-0-06-251587-2 7186:"The HTML syntax" 6577:. W3C. 2014-09-16 6530:. W3C. 2012-12-17 6481:on 6 October 2019 6424:. 15 January 2008 5486:on August 9, 2007 5479:Raggett on HTML 4 4970: 4969: 4774:element instead.) 4107:Microsoft Windows 3915:search facilities 3706: 3705: 3221:(when written as 2432:tag is used. The 2201:The effects are: 1687:" for rendering. 1548:The text between 1417:, which triggers 1350:entity references 1150:in November 1995. 1084:December 14, 2017 1030:December 24, 1999 988:December 18, 1997 865:November 24, 1995 591:interactive forms 525: 524: 240: 239: 180:Contained by 104:Developed by 40:Official logo of 13330: 13303:Markup languages 13275: 13274: 13266: 12395: 12388: 12381: 12372: 12371: 12358: 12357: 10078: 10066: 10059: 10052: 10043: 10042: 9967:ReStructuredText 9750:WordprocessingML 9707: 9700: 9693: 9684: 9683: 9669:First conference 9638: 9630: 9622: 9614: 9606: 9572: 9571: 9436: 9435: 9419:XHTML+MathML+SVG 8838:Activity Streams 8821: 8820: 8800: 8793: 8786: 8777: 8776: 8238: 8237: 8227: 8226: 7953:Samsung Internet 7855: 7854: 7844: 7843: 7689: 7688: 7668: 7667: 7653: 7646: 7639: 7630: 7629: 7624: 7622: 7621: 7609:Sean B. Palmer. 7567: 7561: 7555: 7542: 7536: 7532: 7526: 7523: 7517: 7514: 7508: 7502: 7496: 7490: 7484: 7483: 7481: 7479: 7468: 7462: 7461: 7456: 7454: 7443: 7437: 7424: 7415: 7413:10.17487/RFC2119 7397: 7391: 7390: 7384: 7382: 7371: 7365: 7364: 7362: 7360: 7346: 7340: 7339: 7337: 7335: 7329: 7322: 7313: 7307: 7306: 7304: 7302: 7287: 7281: 7275: 7273: 7271: 7259: 7253: 7252: 7240: 7230: 7224: 7223: 7221: 7220: 7206: 7200: 7199: 7197: 7196: 7182: 7176: 7175: 7173: 7172: 7157: 7151: 7150: 7143: 7137: 7136: 7129: 7123: 7122: 7120: 7118: 7103: 7097: 7096: 7094: 7092: 7081: 7075: 7074: 7072: 7070: 7058: 7052: 7051: 7049: 7047: 7036: 7030: 7029: 7027: 7025: 7014: 7008: 7007: 7005: 7003: 6992: 6986: 6985: 6983: 6981: 6970: 6964: 6958: 6952: 6951: 6939: 6933: 6932: 6930: 6928: 6919:. Archived from 6909: 6903: 6902: 6900: 6898: 6889:. Archived from 6878: 6872: 6871: 6869: 6867: 6848: 6842: 6841: 6839: 6837: 6818: 6812: 6811: 6809: 6807: 6787: 6781: 6780: 6773: 6767: 6766: 6764: 6762: 6751: 6745: 6744: 6742: 6740: 6729: 6723: 6722: 6720: 6719: 6705: 6699: 6698: 6696: 6694: 6683: 6677: 6676: 6674: 6672: 6661: 6655: 6654: 6652: 6650: 6639: 6633: 6632: 6630: 6629: 6614: 6608: 6607: 6605: 6603: 6592: 6586: 6585: 6583: 6582: 6571: 6565: 6564: 6562: 6560: 6545: 6539: 6538: 6536: 6535: 6524: 6518: 6517: 6515: 6513: 6497: 6491: 6490: 6488: 6486: 6477:. Archived from 6466: 6460: 6459: 6457: 6455: 6440: 6434: 6433: 6431: 6429: 6418: 6412: 6411: 6409: 6407: 6396: 6390: 6389: 6387: 6385: 6366: 6349: 6343: 6342: 6336: 6327: 6321: 6320: 6318: 6316: 6297: 6291: 6290: 6288: 6286: 6276: 6267: 6266: 6264: 6262: 6251: 6245: 6236: 6227: 6225:10.17487/RFC1866 6210:Berners-Lee, Tim 6206: 6200: 6199: 6197: 6196: 6181: 6175: 6174: 6172: 6170: 6156:Connolly, Daniel 6152:Berners-Lee, Tim 6148: 6142: 6141: 6139: 6138: 6132:IETF Datatracker 6123: 6117: 6116: 6114: 6112: 6101:Connolly, Daniel 6097:Berners-Lee, Tim 6093: 6087: 6086: 6084: 6082: 6071:Connolly, Daniel 6067:Berners-Lee, Tim 6063: 6057: 6055: 6053: 6051: 6036:Connolly, Daniel 6032: 6023: 6022: 6020: 6018: 6013:on 14 March 2012 6003:Connolly, Daniel 5999: 5993: 5992: 5990: 5988: 5979:(15 July 1992). 5977:Connolly, Daniel 5973: 5967: 5966: 5964: 5962: 5951:Connolly, Daniel 5947: 5941: 5940: 5938: 5936: 5924: 5918: 5917: 5915: 5913: 5902: 5896: 5895: 5893: 5891: 5880: 5874: 5873: 5871: 5869: 5857: 5851: 5850: 5848: 5846: 5835: 5829: 5828: 5826: 5824: 5813: 5807: 5806: 5804: 5802: 5791: 5785: 5784: 5782: 5780: 5769: 5763: 5762: 5760: 5758: 5743: 5737: 5736: 5734: 5732: 5721: 5712: 5711: 5709: 5707: 5696: 5690: 5689: 5687: 5685: 5674: 5668: 5667: 5665: 5663: 5652: 5646: 5645: 5643: 5641: 5631: 5625: 5624: 5622: 5620: 5609: 5603: 5602: 5600: 5598: 5580: 5571: 5570: 5565: 5563: 5553: 5547: 5546: 5544: 5542: 5531: 5525: 5524: 5519: 5517: 5502: 5496: 5495: 5493: 5491: 5482:. Archived from 5473: 5456: 5443: 5434: 5432:10.17487/RFC1866 5417:Berners-Lee, Tim 5413: 5407: 5406: 5400: 5398: 5375: 5369: 5368: 5366: 5364: 5344: 5338: 5337: 5332: 5330: 5310: 5304: 5303: 5301: 5299: 5284: 5278: 5277: 5275: 5273: 5257: 5251: 5250: 5248: 5246: 5231: 5220: 5219: 5217: 5215: 5200: 5194: 5193: 5181: 5175: 5168: 5162: 5161: 5159: 5157: 5142: 5136: 5135: 5128: 5112:HTML Application 5082:Microdata (HTML) 5062:Dynamic web page 5031: 5030: 5027: 5024: 4965: 4962: 4956: 4940: 4932: 4888: 4884: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4842: 4838: 4834: 4830: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4810: 4805: 4800: 4789: 4783: 4773: 4769: 4763: 4759: 4755: 4749: 4743: 4730: 4726: 4720: 4716: 4712: 4706: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4690: 4684: 4680: 4676: 4672: 4666: 4662: 4656: 4652: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4572: 4568: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4514: 4510: 4506: 4493: 4487: 4481: 4475: 4472:strike-through ( 4468: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4443: 4439: 4410: 4406: 4399: 4387: 4386: 4383: 4380: 4375: 4374: 4371: 4368: 4365: 4362: 4354: 4353: 4350: 4347: 4342: 4341: 4338: 4335: 4324: 4320: 4297: 4296: 4293: 4290: 4285: 4284: 4281: 4278: 4267: 4261: 4253: 4252: 4228: 4218: 4214: 4201: 4200: 4197: 4194: 4189: 4188: 4185: 4182: 4133:HTML4 variations 4123:Windows Registry 4097:HTML Application 4091:HTML Application 4059:The most common 3853: 3852: 3849: 3846: 3841: 3840: 3837: 3834: 3829: 3828: 3825: 3822: 3787: 3784: 3781: 3778: 3775: 3772: 3762: 3759: 3756: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3606: 3601: 3596: 3591: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3519: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3491: 3486: 3481: 3476: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3418: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3375: 3370: 3365: 3360: 3335: 3331: 3320: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3209:The ability to " 3194:Unicode and HTML 3167: 3160: 3153: 3150: 3147: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3131: 3128: 3125: 3122: 3119: 3116: 3113: 3112:"anId" 3110: 3107: 3104: 3101: 3094: 3085: 3082: 3079: 3075: 3072: 3069: 3066:c'est la vie 3065: 3062: 3059: 3056: 3053: 3050: 3046: 3043: 3040: 3034: 3019: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2984: 2981: 2978: 2975: 2972: 2969: 2966: 2958:semantically in 2956: 2955: 2952: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2940: 2931: 2924: 2919: 2908: 2904: 2899: 2894:name–value pairs 2876: 2875: 2872: 2869: 2866: 2863: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2851: 2848: 2845: 2842: 2839: 2836: 2833: 2830: 2827: 2824: 2821: 2818: 2815: 2812: 2809: 2806: 2803: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2776: 2775: 2772: 2769: 2765: 2762: 2759: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2741: 2718: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2707: 2704: 2701: 2696: 2695: 2692: 2689: 2685: 2682: 2679: 2674: 2673: 2670: 2667: 2663: 2660: 2657: 2652: 2651: 2648: 2645: 2641: 2638: 2635: 2629: 2628: 2625: 2622: 2618: 2615: 2612: 2593: 2592: 2589: 2586: 2582: 2579: 2576: 2558: 2546: 2543: 2540: 2537: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2518:"file" 2516: 2513: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2497:"text" 2495: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2452: 2449: 2446: 2435: 2431: 2430: 2427: 2424: 2411: 2408: 2405: 2401: 2398: 2395: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2354: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2338: 2337: 2334: 2331: 2323: 2322: 2319: 2316: 2311: 2310: 2307: 2304: 2299: 2298: 2295: 2292: 2287: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2246: 2243: 2239: 2236: 2233: 2197: 2194: 2191: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2172: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2159: 2156: 2153: 2149: 2146: 2143: 2140: 2137: 2134: 2130: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2118: 2115: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2102: 2099: 2096: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2079: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2067: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2047: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2035: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2002: 1998: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1976: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1965: 1962: 1959: 1945:Element examples 1940: 1936: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1924: 1923: 1920: 1917: 1912: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1890: 1887: 1878: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1835: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1816: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1799: 1798: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1778: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1755: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1743: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1728: 1727: 1724: 1721: 1682: 1681: 1673: 1672: 1669: 1666: 1661: 1660: 1657: 1654: 1649: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1637: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1617: 1616: 1613: 1610: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1595: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1583: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1571: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1559: 1558: 1555: 1552: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1526: 1523: 1520: 1517: 1514: 1511: 1507: 1504: 1501: 1498: 1495: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1468: 1465: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1443: 1440: 1437: 1434: 1391: 1390: 1387: 1384: 1375: 1374: 1371: 1368: 1363: 1362: 1359: 1356: 1078:November 1, 2016 1072:October 28, 2014 944:January 14, 1997 699: 698: 695: 692: 660: 659: 656: 653: 648: 647: 644: 641: 636: 635: 632: 629: 624: 623: 620: 617: 609:, written using 517: 510: 503: 468:Rendering engine 358:named characters 242: 241: 236: 233: 231: 229: 215: 200:Extended to 139: 137: 132: 64: 59: 38: 31: 27: 13338: 13337: 13333: 13332: 13331: 13329: 13328: 13327: 13283: 13282: 13281: 13269: 13261: 13259: 13254: 13238: 12739: 12404: 12399: 12369: 12364: 12346: 12270: 11996: 11148: 10097: 10079: 10076: 10070: 10040: 10035: 10026: 9812: 9766: 9716: 9711: 9681: 9676: 9641: 9636: 9628: 9620: 9612: 9604: 9588: 9559: 9531: 9509: 9473: 9447: 9423: 9402: 9361: 9335: 9319: 9285:SMIL Timesheets 9241: 9205: 9110:Information Set 8895:Geolocation API 8825:Recommendations 8816: 8810: 8804: 8774: 8769: 8738: 8664:IBM WebExplorer 8577: 8473: 8414: 8290: 8232: 8213: 8162: 8118: 8084: 8002: 7849: 7830: 7780: 7713: 7683: 7662: 7657: 7619: 7617: 7575: 7570: 7562: 7558: 7552:Wayback Machine 7543: 7539: 7533: 7529: 7524: 7520: 7515: 7511: 7505:WWW: BTB – HTML 7503: 7499: 7491: 7487: 7477: 7475: 7470: 7469: 7465: 7452: 7450: 7445: 7444: 7440: 7398: 7394: 7380: 7378: 7373: 7372: 7368: 7358: 7356: 7348: 7347: 7343: 7333: 7331: 7327: 7320: 7314: 7310: 7300: 7298: 7288: 7284: 7269: 7267: 7260: 7256: 7249: 7231: 7227: 7218: 7216: 7208: 7207: 7203: 7194: 7192: 7184: 7183: 7179: 7170: 7168: 7159: 7158: 7154: 7145: 7144: 7140: 7131: 7130: 7126: 7116: 7114: 7105: 7104: 7100: 7090: 7088: 7083: 7082: 7078: 7068: 7066: 7059: 7055: 7045: 7043: 7038: 7037: 7033: 7023: 7021: 7016: 7015: 7011: 7001: 6999: 6994: 6993: 6989: 6979: 6977: 6974:"HTML Elements" 6972: 6971: 6967: 6959: 6955: 6940: 6936: 6926: 6924: 6911: 6910: 6906: 6896: 6894: 6879: 6875: 6865: 6863: 6858:. 28 May 2019. 6850: 6849: 6845: 6835: 6833: 6828:. 28 May 2019. 6820: 6819: 6815: 6805: 6803: 6788: 6784: 6777:"W3C XHTML FAQ" 6775: 6774: 6770: 6760: 6758: 6753: 6752: 6748: 6738: 6736: 6731: 6730: 6726: 6717: 6715: 6707: 6706: 6702: 6692: 6690: 6685: 6684: 6680: 6670: 6668: 6663: 6662: 6658: 6648: 6646: 6641: 6640: 6636: 6627: 6625: 6616: 6615: 6611: 6601: 6599: 6594: 6593: 6589: 6580: 6578: 6573: 6572: 6568: 6558: 6556: 6547: 6546: 6542: 6533: 6531: 6526: 6525: 6521: 6511: 6509: 6508:on Jul 25, 2012 6498: 6494: 6484: 6482: 6475:The WHATWG Blog 6467: 6463: 6453: 6451: 6442: 6441: 6437: 6427: 6425: 6420: 6419: 6415: 6405: 6403: 6398: 6397: 6393: 6383: 6381: 6379: 6353:Lie, Håkon Wium 6350: 6346: 6334: 6328: 6324: 6314: 6312: 6298: 6294: 6284: 6282: 6278: 6277: 6270: 6260: 6258: 6253: 6252: 6248: 6207: 6203: 6194: 6192: 6182: 6178: 6168: 6166: 6149: 6145: 6136: 6134: 6124: 6120: 6110: 6108: 6094: 6090: 6080: 6078: 6064: 6060: 6049: 6047: 6033: 6026: 6016: 6014: 6000: 5996: 5986: 5984: 5974: 5970: 5960: 5958: 5953:(6 June 1992). 5948: 5944: 5934: 5932: 5925: 5921: 5911: 5909: 5904: 5903: 5899: 5889: 5887: 5882: 5881: 5877: 5867: 5865: 5858: 5854: 5844: 5842: 5837: 5836: 5832: 5822: 5820: 5815: 5814: 5810: 5800: 5798: 5793: 5792: 5788: 5778: 5776: 5771: 5770: 5766: 5756: 5754: 5751:www.scss.tcd.ie 5745: 5744: 5740: 5730: 5728: 5722: 5715: 5705: 5703: 5700:"HTML 4 Errata" 5698: 5697: 5693: 5683: 5681: 5676: 5675: 5671: 5661: 5659: 5654: 5653: 5649: 5639: 5637: 5633: 5632: 5628: 5618: 5616: 5611: 5610: 5606: 5596: 5594: 5581: 5574: 5561: 5559: 5555: 5554: 5550: 5540: 5538: 5533: 5532: 5528: 5515: 5513: 5504: 5503: 5499: 5489: 5487: 5474: 5459: 5414: 5410: 5396: 5394: 5376: 5372: 5362: 5360: 5345: 5341: 5328: 5326: 5311: 5307: 5297: 5295: 5286: 5285: 5281: 5271: 5269: 5258: 5254: 5244: 5242: 5233: 5232: 5223: 5213: 5211: 5202: 5201: 5197: 5186:"Intended Uses" 5182: 5178: 5169: 5165: 5155: 5153: 5144: 5143: 5139: 5130: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5116: 5092:Polyglot markup 5042: 5028: 5025: 5022: 4986:word processors 4972:There are some 4966: 4960: 4957: 4950: 4941: 4930: 4928:WYSIWYG editors 4922: 4916: 4895: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4874: 4870: 4867: 4858: 4854: 4850: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4816: 4812: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4787: 4781: 4771: 4767: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4747: 4741: 4728: 4724: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4682: 4678: 4674: 4670: 4664: 4660: 4654: 4650: 4644: 4640: 4636: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4618: 4614: 4610: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4590: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4538: 4534: 4533:) and heading ( 4530: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4491: 4485: 4479: 4473: 4466: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4417: 4409:application/xml 4408: 4404: 4397: 4384: 4381: 4378: 4372: 4369: 4366: 4363: 4360: 4351: 4348: 4345: 4339: 4336: 4333: 4322: 4318: 4294: 4291: 4288: 4282: 4279: 4276: 4265: 4259: 4250: 4226: 4216: 4212: 4198: 4195: 4192: 4186: 4183: 4180: 4160: 4135: 4104: 4099: 4093: 4074: 4070: 4057: 4029: 4023: 4001: 3997: 3976: 3970: 3950: 3875:Tim Berners-Lee 3850: 3847: 3844: 3838: 3835: 3832: 3826: 3823: 3820: 3815: 3809: 3789: 3788: 3785: 3782: 3779: 3776: 3773: 3770: 3764: 3763: 3760: 3757: 3754: 3727: 3711: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3266: 3262: 3258: 3254: 3250: 3246: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3214: 3196: 3186: 3165: 3155: 3154: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3141: 3138: 3135: 3132: 3129: 3126: 3123: 3120: 3117: 3114: 3111: 3108: 3105: 3102: 3099: 3092: 3087: 3086: 3083: 3080: 3077: 3073: 3070: 3067: 3063: 3060: 3057: 3054: 3051: 3048: 3044: 3041: 3038: 3032: 3017: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2991: 2987: 2982: 2979: 2976: 2973: 2970: 2967: 2964: 2953: 2950: 2947: 2944: 2941: 2938: 2929: 2922: 2917: 2906: 2902: 2897: 2896:, separated by 2890: 2884: 2873: 2870: 2867: 2864: 2861: 2858: 2855: 2852: 2849: 2846: 2843: 2840: 2837: 2834: 2831: 2828: 2825: 2822: 2819: 2816: 2813: 2810: 2807: 2804: 2801: 2796: 2792: 2788: 2784: 2778: 2773: 2770: 2767: 2763: 2760: 2757: 2754: 2751: 2748: 2739: 2715: 2712: 2709: 2708:emphasized text 2705: 2702: 2699: 2693: 2690: 2687: 2683: 2680: 2677: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2661: 2658: 2655: 2649: 2646: 2643: 2639: 2636: 2633: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2616: 2613: 2610: 2590: 2587: 2584: 2580: 2577: 2574: 2560: 2559: 2556: 2548: 2547: 2544: 2541: 2538: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2520: 2517: 2514: 2511: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2490: 2487: 2484: 2478: 2473: 2472: 2469: 2466: 2463: 2459: 2456: 2453: 2450: 2447: 2444: 2433: 2428: 2425: 2422: 2418: 2413: 2412: 2409: 2406: 2403: 2399: 2396: 2393: 2389: 2386: 2383: 2382:is a paragraph 2379: 2376: 2373: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2351: 2348: 2345: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2320: 2317: 2314: 2308: 2305: 2302: 2296: 2293: 2290: 2284: 2281: 2278: 2275: 2270: 2269: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2256: 2253: 2250: 2247: 2244: 2241: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2221: 2220:Heading Level 6 2218: 2217:Heading Level 5 2215: 2214:Heading Level 4 2212: 2211:Heading Level 3 2209: 2208:Heading Level 2 2206: 2205:Heading Level 1 2199: 2198: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2188:Heading level 6 2185: 2182: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2169:Heading level 5 2166: 2163: 2160: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2150:Heading level 4 2147: 2144: 2141: 2138: 2135: 2132: 2131:Heading level 3 2128: 2125: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2112:Heading level 2 2109: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2093:Heading level 1 2090: 2087: 2084: 2076: 2073: 2070: 2064: 2061: 2058: 2054: 2049: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2030: 2027: 2024: 2021: 2018: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1996: 1993: 1990: 1987: 1984: 1981: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1953: 1947: 1938: 1933: 1930: 1927: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1740: 1737: 1734: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1699: 1693: 1679: 1670: 1667: 1664: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1634: 1631: 1628: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1607:This is a title 1604: 1601: 1598: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1580: 1577: 1574: 1568: 1565: 1562: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1546: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1536: 1533: 1530: 1527: 1524: 1521: 1518: 1515: 1512: 1509: 1505: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1493: 1490: 1487: 1484: 1481: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1462:This is a title 1459: 1456: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1441: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1388: 1385: 1382: 1372: 1369: 1366: 1360: 1357: 1354: 1330: 1317: 1311: 1274: 1268: 1096: 1067: 1061: 983: 968:marquee element 939: 876:. Supplemental 860: 855: 776:markup language 753:Robert Cailliau 729:Tim Berners-Lee 718:Tim Berners-Lee 711: 706: 696: 693: 690: 657: 654: 651: 645: 642: 639: 633: 630: 627: 621: 618: 615: 613:. Tags such as 536:markup language 521: 226: 210: 153: 151:Living Standard 135: 133: 130: 126:Initial release 121: 118:(W3C; formerly) 79: 67: 62: 57: 44: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 13336: 13326: 13325: 13320: 13315: 13310: 13305: 13300: 13295: 13280: 13279: 13256: 13255: 13253: 13252: 13246: 13244: 13240: 13239: 13237: 13236: 13231: 13226: 13221: 13216: 13211: 13206: 13201: 13198: 13193: 13188: 13183: 13178: 13173: 13168: 13163: 13158: 13153: 13148: 13143: 13138: 13133: 13128: 13123: 13118: 13113: 13108: 13103: 13098: 13093: 13088: 13083: 13078: 13073: 13068: 13063: 13058: 13053: 13048: 13043: 13038: 13033: 13028: 13023: 13018: 13013: 13008: 13003: 12998: 12993: 12988: 12983: 12978: 12973: 12968: 12963: 12958: 12953: 12948: 12943: 12938: 12933: 12928: 12923: 12918: 12913: 12908: 12903: 12898: 12893: 12888: 12883: 12878: 12873: 12868: 12863: 12858: 12853: 12848: 12843: 12838: 12833: 12828: 12823: 12818: 12813: 12808: 12803: 12798: 12793: 12788: 12783: 12778: 12773: 12768: 12763: 12758: 12753: 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9395: 9390: 9385: 9380: 9375: 9369: 9367: 9363: 9362: 9360: 9359: 9357:Web Components 9354: 9349: 9343: 9341: 9337: 9336: 9334: 9333: 9327: 9325: 9321: 9320: 9318: 9317: 9315:XMLHttpRequest 9312: 9307: 9302: 9297: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9262: 9257: 9251: 9249: 9247:Working drafts 9243: 9242: 9240: 9239: 9234: 9229: 9224: 9219: 9213: 9211: 9207: 9206: 9204: 9203: 9202: 9201: 9200: 9199: 9189: 9184: 9179: 9174: 9169: 9164: 9163: 9162: 9157: 9147: 9142: 9137: 9132: 9127: 9122: 9117: 9112: 9107: 9102: 9097: 9087: 9086: 9085: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9060: 9055: 9050: 9049: 9048: 9038: 9033: 9028: 9023: 9018: 9013: 9008: 9007: 9006: 9004:Filter Effects 8996: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8976: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8960: 8959: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8909: 8908: 8907: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8876: 8875: 8870: 8865: 8855: 8850: 8845: 8840: 8835: 8829: 8827: 8818: 8812: 8811: 8803: 8802: 8795: 8788: 8780: 8771: 8770: 8768: 8767: 8762: 8757: 8751: 8748: 8747: 8744: 8743: 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BCP 14. 7392: 7366: 7341: 7308: 7282: 7254: 7247: 7225: 7201: 7177: 7152: 7138: 7124: 7098: 7076: 7053: 7031: 7009: 6987: 6965: 6953: 6934: 6923:on 29 May 2019 6904: 6893:on 29 May 2019 6873: 6843: 6813: 6782: 6768: 6746: 6724: 6700: 6678: 6656: 6634: 6609: 6587: 6566: 6540: 6519: 6492: 6461: 6435: 6413: 6391: 6377: 6359:(April 1997). 6344: 6322: 6292: 6268: 6246: 6201: 6190:tools.ietf.org 6176: 6143: 6118: 6088: 6058: 6024: 5994: 5968: 5942: 5919: 5897: 5875: 5852: 5830: 5808: 5786: 5764: 5738: 5713: 5691: 5669: 5647: 5626: 5604: 5572: 5557:"IETF HTML WG" 5548: 5526: 5497: 5457: 5408: 5370: 5339: 5305: 5279: 5252: 5221: 5210:. 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The element 2274: 2271: 2230: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2207: 2204: 2083: 2053: 2050: 1980: 1946: 1943: 1881:empty elements 1817:do not permit 1744:and "end tag" 1695:Main article: 1692: 1689: 1431: 1419:standards mode 1378:empty elements 1329: 1326: 1310: 1307: 1306: 1305: 1294: 1290: 1270:Main article: 1267: 1266:XHTML versions 1264: 1263: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1250: 1247: 1240: 1238: 1230: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1219: 1217: 1215: 1212: 1201: 1199: 1189: 1177: 1176: 1160: 1158: 1154: 1151: 1140: 1137: 1131: 1128: 1121: 1118: 1115: 1112: 1109: 1106: 1100: 1095: 1092: 1091: 1090: 1089: 1088: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1063:Main article: 1060: 1057: 1056: 1055: 1054: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1037: 1034: 1031: 1028: 1025: 1024:April 24, 1998 1021: 1020: 1019: 1018: 1011: 1004: 1001: 996: 993: 992: 989: 982: 979: 978: 977: 976: 975: 952: 945: 938: 935: 934: 933: 932: 931: 930: 929: 916:January 1997: 914: 903: 892: 866: 859: 856: 854: 851: 797:RUNOFF command 767:, an in-house 710: 707: 705: 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10308: 10307: 10304: 10302: 10299: 10297: 10294: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10282: 10279: 10277: 10274: 10272: 10269: 10267: 10264: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10254: 10252: 10249: 10247: 10244: 10242: 10239: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10227: 10224: 10220: 10217: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10172: 10170: 10167: 10165: 10162: 10160: 10157: 10156: 10155: 10152: 10150: 10147: 10145: 10142: 10140: 10137: 10135: 10132: 10130: 10127: 10125: 10122: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10107: 10106: 10104: 10100: 10096: 10095:IEC standards 10092: 10088: 10087:ISO standards 10082: 10074: 10067: 10062: 10060: 10055: 10053: 10048: 10047: 10044: 10034: 10029: 10023: 10020: 10018: 10015: 10013: 10010: 10008: 10005: 10003: 10000: 9998: 9995: 9993: 9990: 9988: 9985: 9983: 9980: 9978: 9975: 9973: 9970: 9968: 9965: 9963: 9960: 9958: 9955: 9953: 9950: 9948: 9945: 9943: 9940: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9928: 9925: 9922: 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9450: 9444: 9441: 9440: 9437: 9434: 9432:Organizations 9430: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9411: 9409: 9405: 9399: 9396: 9394: 9391: 9389: 9386: 9384: 9381: 9379: 9376: 9374: 9371: 9370: 9368: 9364: 9358: 9355: 9353: 9350: 9348: 9345: 9344: 9342: 9338: 9332: 9329: 9328: 9326: 9322: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9252: 9250: 9248: 9244: 9238: 9235: 9233: 9230: 9228: 9225: 9223: 9220: 9218: 9215: 9214: 9212: 9208: 9198: 9195: 9194: 9193: 9190: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9180: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9168: 9165: 9161: 9158: 9156: 9153: 9152: 9151: 9148: 9146: 9143: 9141: 9138: 9136: 9133: 9131: 9128: 9126: 9123: 9121: 9118: 9116: 9113: 9111: 9108: 9106: 9103: 9101: 9098: 9096: 9093: 9092: 9091: 9088: 9084: 9081: 9080: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9071: 9069: 9066: 9064: 9061: 9059: 9056: 9054: 9051: 9047: 9044: 9043: 9042: 9039: 9037: 9034: 9032: 9029: 9027: 9024: 9022: 9019: 9017: 9014: 9012: 9009: 9005: 9002: 9001: 9000: 8997: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8958: 8955: 8954: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8906: 8903: 8902: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8864: 8861: 8860: 8859: 8856: 8854: 8851: 8849: 8848:Canonical XML 8846: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8834: 8831: 8830: 8828: 8826: 8822: 8819: 8813: 8808: 8801: 8796: 8794: 8789: 8787: 8782: 8781: 8778: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8753: 8752: 8749: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8586: 8584: 8580: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8523:Nokia Symbian 8521: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8476: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8417: 8411: 8408: 8406: 8403: 8401: 8398: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8375:PirateBrowser 8373: 8371: 8370:Mozilla suite 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8303: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8293: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8239: 8235: 8228: 8224: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8171: 8169: 8165: 8159: 8156: 8154: 8151: 8149: 8146: 8144: 8141: 8139: 8136: 8134: 8131: 8130: 8128: 8126: 8121: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8096: 8094: 8091: 8087: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8069: 8066: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8055: 8054: 8050: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8040: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8014: 8012: 8009: 8005: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7944: 7941: 7939: 7936: 7933: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7868:Google Chrome 7866: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7856: 7852: 7845: 7841: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7808: 7805: 7804: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7794: 7793: 7790: 7789: 7787: 7783: 7775: 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7751: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7733: 7730: 7729: 7728: 7725: 7724: 7722: 7720: 7719:Web standards 7716: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7696: 7694: 7690: 7686: 7679: 7676: 7673: 7672: 7669: 7665: 7661: 7654: 7649: 7647: 7642: 7640: 7635: 7634: 7631: 7616: 7612: 7607: 7605: 7604:HTML Entities 7602: 7600: 7597: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7580: 7577: 7576: 7565: 7560: 7553: 7549: 7546: 7541: 7531: 7522: 7513: 7506: 7501: 7494: 7489: 7473: 7467: 7460: 7448: 7442: 7436: 7431: 7427: 7422: 7419: 7414: 7409: 7405: 7404: 7396: 7389: 7376: 7370: 7355: 7351: 7345: 7326: 7319: 7312: 7297: 7293: 7286: 7279: 7265: 7258: 7250: 7244: 7239: 7238: 7229: 7215: 7211: 7205: 7191: 7190:HTML Standard 7187: 7181: 7166: 7164: 7156: 7148: 7142: 7134: 7128: 7112: 7108: 7102: 7086: 7080: 7064: 7057: 7041: 7035: 7019: 7013: 6997: 6991: 6975: 6969: 6962: 6957: 6949: 6945: 6938: 6922: 6918: 6914: 6908: 6892: 6888: 6884: 6877: 6861: 6857: 6853: 6847: 6831: 6827: 6823: 6817: 6801: 6797: 6793: 6786: 6778: 6772: 6756: 6750: 6734: 6728: 6714: 6710: 6704: 6688: 6682: 6666: 6660: 6644: 6638: 6623: 6619: 6613: 6597: 6591: 6576: 6570: 6554: 6550: 6544: 6529: 6523: 6507: 6503: 6496: 6480: 6476: 6472: 6465: 6449: 6445: 6439: 6423: 6417: 6401: 6395: 6380: 6378:9780201419986 6374: 6370: 6365: 6364: 6358: 6354: 6348: 6340: 6333: 6326: 6311: 6307: 6303: 6296: 6281: 6275: 6273: 6256: 6250: 6243: 6239: 6234: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6217: 6216: 6211: 6205: 6191: 6187: 6180: 6165: 6161: 6157: 6153: 6147: 6133: 6129: 6122: 6106: 6103:(June 1993). 6102: 6098: 6092: 6076: 6073:(June 1993). 6072: 6068: 6062: 6045: 6041: 6037: 6031: 6029: 6012: 6008: 6004: 5998: 5982: 5978: 5972: 5956: 5952: 5946: 5930: 5923: 5907: 5901: 5885: 5879: 5863: 5856: 5840: 5834: 5818: 5812: 5796: 5790: 5774: 5768: 5752: 5748: 5742: 5727: 5720: 5718: 5701: 5695: 5679: 5673: 5657: 5651: 5636: 5630: 5614: 5608: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5579: 5577: 5569: 5558: 5552: 5536: 5530: 5523: 5511: 5507: 5501: 5485: 5481: 5480: 5472: 5470: 5468: 5466: 5464: 5462: 5455: 5450: 5446: 5441: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5424: 5423: 5418: 5412: 5405: 5392: 5388: 5384: 5380: 5379:Raggett, Dave 5374: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5343: 5336: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5309: 5293: 5289: 5283: 5267: 5263: 5256: 5240: 5236: 5230: 5228: 5226: 5209: 5205: 5199: 5191: 5187: 5180: 5173: 5167: 5151: 5147: 5141: 5133: 5127: 5123: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5097:Semantic HTML 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5044: 5034: 5032:for italics). 5019: 5015: 5012: 5008: 5005: 5004: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4994: 4989: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4975: 4964: 4954: 4948: 4945:This article 4943: 4939: 4934: 4933: 4925: 4921: 4911: 4907: 4905: 4901: 4890: 4862: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4796: 4795: 4792: 4785: 4778: 4766: 4752: 4746: 4740: 4739: 4738: 4735: 4727:attribute on 4723: 4709: 4687: 4673:attribute on 4669: 4659: 4649: 4623: 4609: 4595: 4565: 4543: 4529:, paragraph ( 4517: 4503: 4502: 4501: 4498: 4490: 4484: 4478: 4471: 4464: 4463: 4462: 4459: 4435: 4434: 4433: 4430: 4429: 4428: 4425: 4423: 4412: 4402: 4390: 4357: 4330: 4327: 4317:Include both 4316: 4315: 4314: 4312: 4307: 4304: 4273: 4270: 4263: 4256: 4247: 4243: 4240: 4236: 4233: 4230: 4223: 4220: 4209: 4208: 4207: 4203: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4165: 4155: 4151: 4149: 4145: 4141: 4130: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4098: 4088: 4086: 4085:three letters 4082: 4078: 4066: 4062: 4052: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4038: 4034: 4028: 4018: 4014: 4012: 4007: 4005: 3993: 3989: 3985: 3981: 3975: 3965: 3963: 3959: 3955: 3945: 3943: 3939: 3938:accessibility 3934: 3931: 3927: 3922: 3918: 3916: 3912: 3908: 3903: 3901: 3900:API semantics 3897: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3876: 3872: 3867: 3865: 3861: 3857: 3814: 3813:Semantic HTML 3807:Semantic HTML 3804: 3802: 3797: 3795: 3767: 3751: 3749: 3745: 3743: 3738: 3736: 3732: 3722: 3720: 3716: 3702: 3700: 3697: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3676: 3672: 3670: 3669:Double dagger 3667: 3662: 3657: 3652: 3649:&ddagger; 3647: 3646: 3642: 3640: 3639:Double dagger 3637: 3632: 3627: 3622: 3617: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3574: 3569: 3564: 3559: 3558: 3555: 3553: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3521: 3517: 3512: 3507: 3502: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3459: 3454: 3449: 3444: 3443: 3440: 3438: 3435: 3430: 3425: 3420: 3415: 3414: 3411: 3409: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3357: 3356: 3352: 3349: 3346: 3343: 3340: 3337: 3336: 3330: 3328: 3324: 3300: 3295: 3293: 3289: 3212: 3207: 3205: 3201: 3195: 3191: 3181: 3179: 3175: 3171: 3162: 3096: 3030: 3027: 3023: 3015: 3012: 2996: 2961: 2935: 2927: 2915: 2914: 2913: 2910: 2895: 2889: 2865:"0" 2781: 2745: 2737: 2733: 2730: 2727: 2723: 2608:For example, 2607: 2604: 2601: 2597: 2572:For example, 2571: 2568: 2567: 2566: 2563: 2553: 2552: 2481: 2441: 2439: 2360: 2358: 2357:empty element 2342: 2326: 2325:breaks a line 2228: 2225: 2202: 2081: 1978: 1952: 1942: 1882: 1837: 1822: 1820: 1805: 1800: 1765: 1760: 1757: 1730: 1716: 1712: 1711:HTML elements 1703: 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904: 901: 897: 893: 890: 886: 882: 881: 879: 875: 871: 867: 864: 863: 862: 861: 850: 848: 844: 840: 836: 831: 827: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 804: 802: 798: 794: 790: 785: 781: 777: 772: 770: 766: 760: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 730: 727: 720:in April 2009 719: 715: 701: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 666: 664: 612: 608: 604: 600: 596: 592: 588: 584: 583:HTML elements 580: 578: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 529: 518: 513: 511: 506: 504: 499: 498: 496: 495: 490: 487: 485: 482: 481: 480: 479: 475: 474: 469: 466: 464: 461: 459: 456: 454: 451: 447: 444: 443: 442: 439: 435: 432: 430: 427: 425: 422: 421: 420: 417: 413: 410: 409: 408: 405: 403: 400: 398: 395: 391: 388: 387: 386: 383: 381: 378: 376: 373: 371: 370:Language code 368: 364: 361: 359: 356: 355: 354: 351: 349: 346: 344: 341: 337: 336:alt attribute 334: 333: 332: 329: 325: 322: 320: 317: 315: 312: 310: 307: 306: 305: 302: 298: 295: 293: 290: 289: 288: 285: 281: 278: 276: 273: 271: 268: 266: 263: 262: 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Retrieved 7614: 7559: 7540: 7530: 7521: 7512: 7507:, Pris Sears 7500: 7488: 7476:. Retrieved 7466: 7458: 7451:. Retrieved 7441: 7433: 7425: 7402: 7395: 7386: 7379:. Retrieved 7369: 7359:27 September 7357:. Retrieved 7353: 7344: 7332:. Retrieved 7325:the original 7311: 7299:. Retrieved 7295: 7285: 7268:. Retrieved 7257: 7236: 7228: 7217:. Retrieved 7213: 7204: 7193:. Retrieved 7189: 7180: 7169:. Retrieved 7162: 7155: 7141: 7127: 7117:18 September 7115:. Retrieved 7110: 7101: 7091:November 16, 7089:. Retrieved 7079: 7069:November 16, 7067:. Retrieved 7056: 7046:November 16, 7044:. Retrieved 7034: 7024:November 16, 7022:. Retrieved 7012: 7000:. Retrieved 6990: 6978:. Retrieved 6968: 6956: 6947: 6937: 6925:. Retrieved 6921:the original 6916: 6907: 6895:. Retrieved 6891:the original 6886: 6876: 6864:. Retrieved 6855: 6846: 6834:. Retrieved 6825: 6816: 6804:. Retrieved 6795: 6785: 6771: 6761:November 16, 6759:. Retrieved 6749: 6739:November 16, 6737:. Retrieved 6727: 6716:. 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