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Massacre of the Innocents

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1575: 1602: 58: 1654: 1774: 1696: 1620: 1737: 1755: 1674: 1587: 1717: 294: 1792: 901:—that "on hearing that the son of Herod, king of the Jews, had been slain when Herod ordered that all boys in Syria under the age of two be killed, said, 'It's better to be Herod's pig than his son'"—has been discounted as extra-biblical evidence for the event due to its later authorship, possible influence by the gospel narrative, and the confused nature of the account. In view of the lack of independent confirmation that the event ever occurred, the most likely explanation for the story is that it is folklore inspired by Herod's reputation. 1636: 4840: 686: 8115: 9621: 8015: 678: 8027: 1574: 1867:), the Syrians speak of 64,000, many medieval authors of 144,000, according to Apocalypse 14:3. Writers who accept the historicity of the episode reduce the number considerably, since Bethlehem was a rather small town. Joseph Knabenbauer brings it down to fifteen or twenty ( 829:
to seek guidance as to where the king of the Jews has been born; King Herod directs them to Bethlehem and asks them to return to him and report, but they are warned in a dream that Herod wishes to find the child and kill him, and do not do so. Matthew continues:
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to be killed. The lyrics of this haunting carol represent a mother's lament for her doomed child. The author is unknown. The oldest known text was written down by Robert Croo in 1534, and the melody dates from 1591. The carol is traditionally sung
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When Herod realized that he had been outwitted by the Magi, he was furious, and he gave orders to kill all the boys in Bethlehem and its vicinity who were two years old and under, in accordance with the time he had learned from the
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As a matter of understanding what the myth is trying to communicate, its lack of historicity is unsurprising given that gospels were primarily written as theological documents rather than chronological timelines.
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referenced estimates that both assumed the event actually occurred and recognized that Bethlehem was too small a town to provide such numbers, reducing the victims to between six and 20 children in the town.
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The theme of the "Massacre of the Innocents" has provided artists of many nationalities with opportunities to compose complicated depictions of massed bodies in violent action. It was an alternative to the
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There was a medieval custom of refraining where possible from work on the day of the week on which the feast of "Innocents Day" had fallen for the whole of the following year until the next Innocents Day.
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to the extent that they showed the figures heroically nude. The horrific subject matter of the Massacre of the Innocents also provided a comparison of ancient brutalities with the brutalities of the
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In England, the memorial is referred to as Childermas or Children's Mass in which "Children are given a blessing; they sing in the choir and take on other special roles in the church service."
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In the Roman Rite prior to 1955, a unique feature of this feast was the use of liturgical elements ordinarily ascribed to penitential days—including violet vestments, the omission of the
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The historicity of the Matthew account is not accepted by most scholars. The story of the massacre is found in no gospel other than Matthew, nor is it mentioned in the surviving works of
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A dictionary of Christian antiquities: Comprising the History, Institutions, and Antiquities of the Christian Church, from the Time of the Apostles to the Age of Charlemagne
1432:(when even slaves played "masters" for a day). In some regions, such as medieval England and France, it was said to be an unlucky day when no new project should be started. 1695: 1673: 973:, the return from Egypt, as well as the Massacre, all centered on Rachel weeping in fulfillment of Jeremiah's prophecy. These events were likewise in one of the medieval 1754: 5851: 9595: 1736: 1428:
presiding over some church services. Bonnie Blackburn and Leofranc Holford-Strevens suggest that this was a Christianized version of the Roman annual feast of the
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Herod orders the Massacre of the Innocents; the Flight of Elizabeth; the martyrdom of Zachariah (illumination from a 9th-century manuscript)
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painted the theme more than once. One version, now in Munich, was engraved and reproduced as a painting as far away as colonial Peru.
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in 1955, with the feast now celebrated using the features formerly ascribed to its octave day, a practice reinforced by the 1960
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The communion motet for the Feast of the Holy Innocents is the text from Matthew 2:18 (citing Jeremiah 31:15)
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The commemoration of the massacre of the Holy Innocents, traditionally regarded as the first Christian
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The Greek liturgy asserts 14,000 Holy Innocents, while an early Syrian list of saints asserts 64,000.
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Chronos, Kairos, Christos II: Chronological, Nativity, and Religious Studies in Memory of Ray Summers
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Mina, évêque de Pchati (1907). "Histoire d'Isaac, patriarche Jacobite d'Alexandrie de 686 à 689".
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and the victims should not be angry at them, since they could not have committed any
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The Gospel of Matthew and Its Readers: A Historical Introduction to the First Gospel
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weeping for her children and refusing to be comforted, because they are no more." (
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A winter landscape with the Massacre of the Innocents, Sotheby's, 7 December 2005
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tradition of four plays includes the Flight into Egypt, Herod's succession by
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Martyrdom, Murder, and Magic: Child Saints and Their Cults in Medieval Europe
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How the Gospels Became History – Jesus and Mediterranean Myths
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An Adult Christ at Christmas: Essays on the Three Biblical Christmas Stories
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Born of a Virgin?: Reconceiving Jesus in the Bible, Tradition, and Theology
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recounted Biblical events, including Herod's slaughter of the innocents.
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The author appears to have modeled the episode on the biblical story of
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Litwa, M. David (2019). "Chapter 8: Child in Danger, Child of Wonder".
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The Mythology of America's Seasonal Holidays: The Dance of the Horae
1117:, in an unusual vertical format, is at Bologna. The Flemish painter 9532: 9344: 9257: 9182: 8821: 8435: 8221: 8191: 8014: 7846: 7683: 7663: 6721: 6671: 6473: 6202: 6012: 5676: 5614: 5564: 5559: 5377: 5362: 4815: 4806: 4760: 4604: 4478: 4378: 3875: 3829: 3570: 3424: 3329: 3318: 2541:"It's No Joke: Dec. 28 Is for Pranks in Spanish-Speaking Countries" 1894: 1527: 1093: 989: 888: 738:
is a biblical story, while mainstream Bible scholars consider it a
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28 December (Catholic Church, Lutheran Church, Anglican Communion)
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states "The Greek Liturgy asserts that Herod killed 14,000 boys (
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God With Us: God With Us: Rediscovering the Meaning of Christmas
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between children and adults such as teachers and priests, with
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sources assert 144,000 and that it took place on 29 December.
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dress up in full military dress and incite a flour fight.
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recorded the first two verses of the song for their album
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This is followed by a reference to and quotation from the
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Blackburn, Bonnie J.; Holford-Strevens, Leofranc (1999).
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in his homilies on the Epiphany speaks of the Innocents.
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dating from the 16th century. The carol was performed in
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in Cuzco Cathedral is clearly influenced by Rubens. See
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De Epiphania, deque Innocentum nece et muneribus magorum
2495:. Lutheran Campus Ministry in Madison. 28 December 2020 2220: 2039: 1543:, Catholic children have their toys blessed at a Mass. 887:(who was a personal friend of Herod the Great), nor in 2269: 2146: 2144: 2029: 2027: 2799:
The Protoevangelium of James: Greek and English Texts
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The Virgin and Child Surrounded by the Holy Innocents
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mentions the Innocents in his hymn on the Epiphany.
2449: 2141: 2090: 2024: 1862: 1546: 2227:Recovering Jesus: the witness of the New Testament 1975:. Springer International Publishing. p. 218. 5912: 2791:. Vol. 7. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1409:as one of the purported victims of the Massacre. 908:'s attempt to kill the Israelite children in the 9638: 2514:Pennoyer, Greg; Bevis, Beth (1 September 2015). 2413:troparia, All; saints, kontakia · All lives of. 1420:, the day was a festival of inversion involving 8072: 2802:. Translated by Walker, Alexander. Dalcassian. 2200: 1448:Contemporary traditions in Western Christianity 1392: 87:Various, presumably close to the birth of Jesus 8058: 5898: 4872: 3081: 2895: 2513: 2431: 1919: 1918:Prudentius, Leo, and Fulgentius are noted in 1835:Jesus and Messianic prophecy § Jeremiah 31:15 1531: 1509: 1503: 1497: 1491: 707: 2187:Jesus, the Christ: Contemporary Perspectives 1880: 1871:, I, 104), August Bisping to ten or twelve ( 1322:denominations celebrating Childermas as the 1092:show the soldiers carrying banners with the 879:Nativity of Jesus § Historical analysis 2866:. In Summers, Ray; Vardaman, Jerry (eds.). 2844:. Princeton University Press. p. 126. 2670: 2479: 2326:"Reni's painting at the Web Gallery of Art" 2264:The version from Bramley and Stainer (1878) 2180: 2056: 2054: 2010:. Yale University Press. pp. 118–120. 1941: 1384: 1245: 8065: 8051: 5905: 5891: 4879: 4865: 3088: 3074: 2757: 2412: 2356:, December 2003, 12. (2.5 MB pdf download) 1642:The Massacre of the Innocents at Bethlehem 1103:also seems to reflect the violence of the 714: 700: 56: 2841:Masada: From Jewish Revolt to Modern Myth 1072:, but revived in the larger works of the 2946: 2694: 2275: 2163:Interpreting Gospel Narratives: Scenes, 2156: 2065:(4th ed.). McFarland. p. 263. 2051: 1964: 1962: 1508:; alternatively, the pranksters are the 1258: 32:Massacre of the Innocents § Gallery 9672:Christian saints from the New Testament 2992: 2837: 2816: 2778: 2677:Memoirs: The Reign of Louis XI, 1461-83 2455: 2443: 2291:. Getty.edu. 7 May 2009. Archived from 2135: 2111: 2001: 1999: 1858: 1003:The Pageant of the Shearmen and Tailors 957:The Pageant of the Shearmen and Tailors 872: 14: 9717:Nativity of Jesus in the New Testament 9639: 2967: 2715: 2649: 2518:(Reader's ed.). Paraclete Press. 2252: 2096: 2033: 1968: 1038:, while beginning with a reference to 8046: 5886: 4886: 4860: 4418:Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus 3069: 2858: 2795: 2736: 2628: 2468:Blackburn & Holford-Strevens 1999 2281: 2150: 2123: 2060: 2045: 2005: 1959: 812: 2913: 2884: 2864:"Herod and the Infants of Bethlehem" 2340: 2246: 1996: 1182:, painted in 1611–1612 and 1636–1638 936:'s 1910 entry on the subject in the 5669:The Gospel According to St. Matthew 2539:B. A., Seattle Pacific University. 2318: 946: 27:Narrative from chapter 2 of Matthew 24: 6805:Forty Martyrs of England and Wales 5923:Dicastery for the Causes of Saints 2779:Holweck, Frederick George (1910). 1035:O Kerstnacht, schoner dan de dagen 25: 9738: 3058:Return of young Jesus to Nazareth 2947:Studwell, William Emmett (1995). 2698:Backgrounds of Early Christianity 2584:. Newsday.co.tt. 30 December 2013 2538: 1482:, 28 December is still a day for 809:, depending on the denomination. 412:Commissioning the Twelve Apostles 30:For paintings of this event, see 9619: 8113: 8025: 8013: 7892:María de las Maravillas de Jesús 7749:Seven Maccabees and their mother 6935:Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War 4839: 4838: 4294:Christmas Day (Trading) Act 2004 4189:Old Santeclaus with Much Delight 2993:Wasyliw, Patricia Healy (2008). 2971:The Nativity: History and Legend 2785:. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). 2611:The Oxford Companion to the Year 1790: 1772: 1753: 1735: 1715: 1694: 1672: 1652: 1634: 1618: 1600: 1585: 1573: 1547:Roman Rite before and after 1955 1068:. It decreased in popularity in 684: 676: 292: 9647:1st-century BC Christian saints 2920:The Catholic Biblical Quarterly 2914:Park, Eugene Eung-Chun (2013). 2570: 2558: 2532: 2507: 2485: 2406: 2384: 2359: 2307: 1912: 1888: 1852: 1194:, painted between 1625 and 1632 770:. Some Christians venerate the 202:29 December (Eastern Orthodoxy) 4274:Bronner's Christmas Wonderland 4203:Christmas Day in the Workhouse 3586:Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer 3365:Legend of the Christmas Spider 2701:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. 2629:Brown, Raymond Edward (1978). 2079: 1864:ton hagion id chiliadon Nepion 1820:Church of the Nativity § Tombs 1625:Panel from Dreikönigsaltar by 1488:equivalent to April Fool's Day 1460:on Childermas to remember the 1289:Syro-Malankara Catholic Church 1283:27 December for West Syrians ( 1010:story from chapter two in the 857:, weeping and great mourning, 806: 478:Triumphal entry into Jerusalem 13: 1: 8647:Faustus, Abibus and Dionysius 7857:Faustina and Liberata of Como 7045:Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia 6990:Teresa Benedicta of the Cross 5914:Saints of the Catholic Church 4225:Christmas television specials 4124:The New Oxford Book of Carols 3211:Annunciation to the shepherds 3095: 2493:"Feast of the Holy Innocents" 2229:Thomas R. Yoder Neufeld 2007 1929: 1765:The massacre of the innocents 1502:and their victims are called 1383:(6th century) gives a homily 1350: 1338:10 January for East Syrians ( 1187:The Massacre of the Innocents 1138:The Massacre of the Innocents 805:, the feast is celebrated on 338:Annunciation to the Shepherds 103: 4279:Christmas and holiday season 2656:. Indiana University Press. 2578:"'Feast of Holy Innocents', 2567:report of the 2010 festival. 1934: 1393:Catholic medieval traditions 1344:Syro-Malabar Catholic Church 1253: 1247:Caedes sanctorum innocentium 1124: 31: 7: 8074:Saints in the Coptic church 2870:. Mercer University Press. 2758:Harrington, Daniel (1991). 2743:. American Heritage Press. 2614:. Oxford University Press. 1863: 1808: 1490:in many countries. Pranks ( 1269:Feast of the Holy Innocents 1146:Pieter Brueghel the Younger 783:Feast of the Holy Innocents 10: 9743: 8111: 8020:Catholic Church portal 6980:Saints of the Cristero War 5600:Five Discourses of Matthew 3191:Adoration of the Shepherds 3019:Massacre of the Innocents 2950:The Christmas Carol Reader 2909:. Vol. 11. J. Murray. 2695:Ferguson, Everett (2003). 2600: 2580:Trinity and Tobago Newsday 2063:The Christmas Encyclopedia 2061:Crump, William D. (2022). 1882:Christus und seine Apostel 1566: 1416:, especially north of the 1160:, created in 1611 for the 923: 876: 791:Western Christian Churches 343:Adoration of the Shepherds 36: 29: 9702:Massacre of the Innocents 9652:Christianity in Bethlehem 9614: 9551: 9488: 9291: 9138: 8835: 8522: 8489: 8421: 8343: 8295: 8250: 8122: 8080: 8008: 7945: 7777: 7619: 7191: 7121: 7053: 7015:Three Martyrs of Chimbote 6785:Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala 6750: 6515: 6482: 6284: 6226: 6113: 6081: 5998: 5960:Mother of God (Theotokos) 5950: 5920: 5867:American Standard Version 5839: 5703: 5693:The Visual Bible: Matthew 5645: 5552: 5486: 5350: 5203:Massacre of the Innocents 5173: 5062: 4909: 4894: 4834: 4769: 4738: 4685: 4659: 4638: 4517: 4462: 4449: 4435:WWE Tribute to the Troops 4247: 4196:A Visit from St. Nicholas 4142: 4117:The Oxford Book of Carols 4053: 3884: 3693:Feast of the Seven Fishes 3606: 3527: 3438: 3315: 3256:Massacre of the Innocents 3169: 3105: 3048: 3039: 3031: 3017: 2432:Smith & Cheetham 1875 2348:Massacre of the Innocents 1920:Smith & Cheetham 1875 1815:Chapel of the Milk Grotto 1747:Massacre of the Innocents 1728:Massacre of the Innocents 1707:Massacre of the Innocents 1684:Massacre of the Innocents 1665:Massacre of the Innocents 1660:Pieter Brueghel the Elder 1612:Massacre of the Innocents 1199:Massacre of the Innocents 1153:Massacre of the Innocents 1144:(c. 1565–67) and his son 1132:Massacre of the Innocents 1114:Massacre of the Innocents 365:Massacre of the Innocents 239: 216: 183: 171: 135: 125: 99: 83: 75: 55: 48: 8657:Gabriel Abdel El-Metgaly 7161:Joseph (father of Jesus) 6547:Athanasius of Alexandria 6329:Athanasius of Alexandria 6213:Theophanes the Confessor 6193:Paul I of Constantinople 6188:Paphnutius the Confessor 6133:Athanasius the Confessor 5620:Gospel of Pseudo-Matthew 5267:Jesus preaches in a ship 4237:Apollo 8 Genesis reading 2817:Lincoln, Andrew (2013). 2209:by Timothy Johnson 1992 2189:by Brennan R. Hill 2004 1845: 1780:Triumph of the Innocents 1242:Marc-Antoine Charpentier 1209: 1162:Basilica of San Domenico 1148:(into the 17th century). 1142:Pieter Bruegel the Elder 934:Frederick George Holweck 9626:Christianity portal 9283:Yousab el-Abah of Girga 8687:Hor, Besoy, and Daydara 8672:George Bishop of Assiut 8582:Basilides and Potamiana 7093:Gregory the Illuminator 7063:Augustine of Canterbury 6612:Dionysius of Alexandria 6527:Alexander of Alexandria 5625:Rabbinical translations 4399:Small Business Saturday 4269:Black Friday (shopping) 4264:Black Friday (partying) 3758:Nine Lessons and Carols 3688:Events and celebrations 2737:Grant, Michael (1971). 2650:Clarke, Howard (2003). 2169:by Timothy Wiarda 2010 1969:George, Arthur (2020). 1464:of the Holy Innocents. 1440:, the minister of King 1334:Eastern Orthodox Church 1006:. The play depicts the 894:Antiquities of the Jews 789:, is celebrated in the 9707:Massacres in the Bible 9657:Christian child saints 9480:Theodora of Alexandria 9475:Theodorus of Tabennese 9385:Macarius of Alexandria 9305:Abdel Messih El-Makari 9238:Narcissus of Jerusalem 9198:Gregory of Neocaesarea 9158:Alexander of Jerusalem 8363:James, son of Alphaeus 6532:Alexander of Jerusalem 6138:Chariton the Confessor 6100:in the Catholic Church 5580:Augustinian hypothesis 5418:Mary, sister of Martha 4043:Post-War United States 2838:Magness, Jodi (2021). 2782:"Holy Innocents"  2716:France, R. T. (2007). 1881: 1594:illuminated manuscript 1532: 1510: 1504: 1498: 1492: 1385: 1285:Syriac Orthodox Church 1246: 1244:composed an oratorio, 1228:Jacob Clemens non Papa 1136:. Several versions of 843: 576:Descent from the Cross 488:Second coming prophecy 9662:Christian iconography 9566:Clement of Alexandria 8592:Chrysanthus and Daria 8368:James, son of Zebedee 7963:Fourteen Holy Helpers 7927:Trasilla and Emiliana 7078:Evermode of Ratzeburg 6960:Perpetua and Felicity 6930:Martyrs of Sandomierz 6800:Dismas the Good Thief 6727:Theophilus of Antioch 6697:Maximus the Confessor 6632:Epiphanius of Salamis 6572:Clement of Alexandria 6286:Doctors of the Church 6178:Maximus the Confessor 5965:Immaculate Conception 5872:World English Version 5590:Matthean Posteriority 5585:Two-gospel hypothesis 5277:Feeding the multitude 5240:Behold the bridegroom 4092:Hit singles in the US 4087:Hit singles in the UK 3648:Carols by Candlelight 3576:Santa Claus' daughter 3184:Adoration of the Magi 2968:Vermes, Geza (2006). 2888:Patrologia orientalis 2788:Catholic Encyclopedia 2761:The Gospel of Matthew 2719:The Gospel of Matthew 2672:de Commynes, Philippe 2415:"Lives of the Saints" 2371:The Church of England 1798:The scream from Ramah 1761:François-Joseph Navez 1403:Sicarius of Bethlehem 1369:Feast of the Epiphany 1259:Dates by denomination 1096:double-headed eagle. 939:Catholic Encyclopedia 832: 382:Finding in the Temple 355:Adoration of the Magi 39:Holy Innocents Church 9682:December observances 9601:Maximus and Domatius 9460:Samuel the Confessor 9253:Paphnutius of Thebes 9248:Paphnutius of Scetis 9188:Gregory of Nazianzus 9183:Eusebius of Caesarea 9178:Epiphanius of Cyprus 8807:Theodore Stratelates 8802:Theodora and Didymus 8637:Elias and companions 8456:Priscilla and Aquila 8446:Phoebe the Deaconess 7867:Hiltrude of Liessies 7812:Catherine of Bologna 7807:Bernadette Soubirous 7000:17 Thomasian Martyrs 6810:Four Crowned Martyrs 6732:Victorinus of Pettau 6712:Papias of Hierapolis 6682:Jerome of Stridonium 6647:Gregory of Nazianzus 6617:Dionysius of Corinth 6439:Lawrence of Brindisi 6394:Bernard of Clairvaux 6369:Anselm of Canterbury 6324:Gregory of Nazianzus 6251:Priscilla and Aquila 6148:Edward the Confessor 5637:Joseph Smith–Matthew 5322:Crucifixion of Jesus 4384:Santa's Candy Castle 3708:Google Santa Tracker 2764:. Liturgical Press. 2635:. Liturgical Press. 2260:"The Coventry Carol" 1800:, 2001 stamp of the 1680:Cornelis van Haarlem 1496:) are also known as 1454:Western Christianity 1452:In denominations of 1438:Philippe de Commynes 1365:Leonine Sacramentary 1332:29 December for the 1170:Pinacoteca Nazionale 1101:Cornelis van Haarlem 1099:The 1590 version by 885:Nicolaus of Damascus 873:History and theology 803:Eastern Christianity 793:on 28 December, the 119:King Herod the Great 18:Day of the Innocents 9667:Christian mythology 9596:Three Holy Children 9410:Pachomius the Great 9370:Isidore of Pelusium 9228:Karas of California 9203:Ignatius of Antioch 8612:Cyprian and Justina 8557:Alexandrian Martyrs 8532:21 Martyrs of Libya 7917:Teresa of the Andes 7797:Angela of the Cross 7759:Zechariah (prophet) 6905:Martyrs of La Rioja 6900:21 Martyrs of Libya 6790:Christina of Persia 6770:Charles de Foucauld 6707:Quadratus of Athens 6667:Ignatius of Antioch 6637:Fulgentius of Ruspe 6587:Cyril of Alexandria 6582:Cyprian of Carthage 6567:Cappadocian Fathers 6464:Hildegard of Bingen 6334:Cyril of Alexandria 6208:Sergius of Radonezh 5970:Perpetual virginity 5245:Sermon on the Mount 4389:Santa Claus Village 4304:Christmas Mountains 4210:Journey of the Magi 3216:Baptism of the Lord 2482:, pp. 253–254. 2470:, pp. 537–538. 2048:, pp. 170–171. 1949:"Patron Saints A-Z" 1885:, Freiburg, 1908)". 1784:William Holman Hunt 1541:Trinidad and Tobago 1381:Fulgentius of Ruspe 1298:28 December in the 1265:Holy Innocents' Day 1263:Today, the date of 1086:early modern period 742:, recounted in the 515:Agony in the Garden 417:Sermon on the Mount 126:Cause of death 9315:Abraham of Farshut 9278:Severian of Gabala 9273:Serapion of Thmuis 9263:Porphyrius of Gaza 9258:Polycarp of Smyrna 9213:James of Jerusalem 9173:Cyril of Jerusalem 7958:Four Holy Marshals 7953:Calendar of saints 7922:Teresa of Calcutta 7902:Patricia of Naples 7827:Catherine of Siena 7108:Patrick of Ireland 7030:Vietnamese Martyrs 6920:Martyrs of Otranto 6875:Martyrs of Cajonos 6870:Martyrs of Algeria 6865:Martyrs of Albania 6825:The Holy Innocents 6795:Devasahayam Pillai 6780:Carthusian Martyrs 6722:Polycarp of Smyrna 6677:Isidore of Seville 6662:Hippolytus of Rome 6657:Hilary of Poitiers 6592:Cyril of Jerusalem 6557:Caesarius of Arles 6552:Augustine of Hippo 6454:Thérèse of Lisieux 6449:Catherine of Siena 6399:Hilary of Poitiers 6374:Isidore of Seville 6349:Bede the Venerable 6339:Cyril of Jerusalem 6304:Augustine of Hippo 6218:Pio of Pietrelcina 6183:Michael of Synnada 5862:King James Version 5654:St Matthew Passion 5605:Calling of Matthew 5595:Genealogy of Jesus 5208:Return to Nazareth 4499:Twelve-dish supper 4349:Jews and Christmas 4299:Christmas Lectures 4028:American Civil War 3763:NORAD Tracks Santa 3139:Saint Nicholas Day 2394:. Catholic Culture 2295:on 5 December 2005 2289:"Getty Collection" 2207:The Gospel of Luke 1922:, pp. 839ff. 1710:, 1610–11, Toronto 1646:Matteo di Giovanni 1442:Louis XI of France 1407:Brantôme, Dordogne 1267:, also called the 1204:Matteo di Giovanni 1090:Bruegel's versions 1066:Life of the Virgin 1053:Hamburger Concerto 813:Biblical narrative 744:Nativity narrative 508:Paraclete promised 503:Farewell Discourse 377:Return to Nazareth 231:Crown of martyrdom 153:Oriental Orthodoxy 9687:Gospel of Matthew 9634: 9633: 9571:Didymus the Blind 9390:Macarius of Egypt 9330:Anthony the Great 9320:Abraham of Scetis 9233:Mikhaeil of Asyut 9223:John of Jerusalem 9168:Basil of Caesarea 9148:Abadiu of Antinoe 8717:Marina the Martyr 8677:George El Mozahem 8607:Cosmas and Damian 8481:Seventy disciples 8260:Mary, Our Lady of 8040: 8039: 8032:Saints portal 7983:Miles Christianus 7968:Martyr of charity 7937:Josephine Bakhita 7932:Ubaldesca Taccini 7877:Kateri Tekakwitha 7852:Faustina Kowalska 7842:Eulalia of Mérida 7822:Catherine Labouré 7817:Brigid of Kildare 7644:Baruch ben Neriah 7088:François de Laval 7073:Damien of Molokai 7040:Victor and Corona 7035:Valentine of Rome 6925:Martyrs of Prague 6890:Martyrs of Gorkum 6850:Martyrs of Lübeck 6737:Vincent of Lérins 6717:Peter Chrysologus 6672:Irenaeus of Lyons 6642:Gregory the Great 6627:Ephrem the Syrian 6424:Robert Bellarmine 6419:John of the Cross 6404:Alphonsus Liguori 6379:Peter Chrysologus 6354:Ephrem the Syrian 6319:Basil of Caesarea 6294:Gregory the Great 6276:Seventy disciples 6168:Lazarus Zographos 6153:Francis of Assisi 6023:James of Alphaeus 5980:Marian apparition 5880: 5879: 5610:Kingdom of heaven 5292:Great Commandment 5272:Calming the storm 5230:Galilean ministry 5215:Kingdom of heaven 5198:Flight into Egypt 5188:Star of Bethlehem 5169: 5168: 4888:Gospel of Matthew 4854: 4853: 4830: 4829: 4494:Thirteen desserts 4414:Virginia O'Hanlon 4259:Advent Conspiracy 4173:Films (Christmas, 4165:A Christmas Carol 4110:Carols for Choirs 3653:Cavalcade of Magi 3633:Boar's Head Feast 3302:Star of Bethlehem 3273:Nativity of Jesus 3261:flight into Egypt 3146:St. Stephen's Day 3064: 3063: 3049:Succeeded by 3035:Flight into Egypt 3006:978-0-8204-2764-5 2985:978-0-14-191261-5 2960:978-1-56023-872-0 2877:978-0-86554-582-3 2851:978-0-691-21677-5 2830:978-0-8028-6925-8 2771:978-0-8146-5803-1 2750:978-0-07-024073-5 2729:978-0-8028-2501-8 2708:978-0-8028-2221-5 2687:978-0-14-044264-9 2680:. Penguin Books. 2642:978-0-8146-0997-2 2621:978-0-19-214231-3 2525:978-1-61261-819-7 2072:978-1-4766-8790-2 1982:978-3-030-46916-0 1840:Star of Bethlehem 1830:Flight into Egypt 1743:Jacopo Tintoretto 1627:Hans Pleydenwurff 1405:was venerated at 1397:From the time of 1320:Western Christian 1300:Church of England 1180:Peter Paul Rubens 1168:, but now in the 1119:Peter Paul Rubens 1064:in cycles of the 1062:Flight into Egypt 1026:The 17th century 1012:Gospel of Matthew 819:Gospel of Matthew 776:Christian martyrs 748:Gospel of Matthew 724: 723: 588:Harrowing of Hell 360:Flight into Egypt 287: 286: 284:canonical gospels 282:according to the 261: 260: 254:Children's choirs 148:Eastern Orthodoxy 136:Venerated in 69:Peter Paul Rubens 16:(Redirected from 9734: 9624: 9623: 9591:Simon the Tanner 9465:Sisoes the Great 9365:Isaac of Nineveh 9243:Nicholas of Myra 9208:Jacob of Nisibis 9193:Gregory of Nyssa 9153:Abraam of Faiyum 8652:Felix and Regula 8297:Seven Archangels 8242:John the Baptist 8117: 8067: 8060: 8053: 8044: 8043: 8030: 8029: 8028: 8018: 8017: 7897:Narcisa de Jesús 7882:Lucy of Syracuse 7787:Agatha of Sicily 7699:John the Baptist 6945:Maximilian Kolbe 6940:Martyrs of Zenta 6915:Martyrs of Natal 6895:Martyrs of Japan 6885:Martyrs of China 6880:Martyrs of Drina 6815:Gerard of Csanád 6775:Canadian Martyrs 6760:Abda and Abdisho 6702:Melito of Sardis 6692:John of Damascus 6652:Gregory of Nyssa 6537:Ambrose of Milan 6469:Gregory of Narek 6434:Anthony of Padua 6409:Francis de Sales 6344:John of Damascus 5990:Joseph (husband) 5942:  →   5938:  →   5934:  →   5907: 5900: 5893: 5884: 5883: 5857:Wycliffe Version 5831:Magdalen papyrus 5657:(Bach, 1727/29) 5575:Textual variants 5393:John the Baptist 5342:Great Commission 5312:Passion of Jesus 5297:Olivet Discourse 5282:Walking on water 4907: 4906: 4881: 4874: 4867: 4858: 4857: 4846: 4842: 4841: 4677:Redcurrant sauce 4466: 4460: 4459: 4455: 4429:Winter festivals 4179:Christmas horror 4146: 4057: 3888: 3743:Meals and feasts 3663:Christmas jumper 3610: 3581:Santa's reindeer 3533: 3479:Father Christmas 3443: 3400:Santa's workshop 3321: 3283:in later culture 3161: 3154: 3147: 3140: 3133: 3126: 3119: 3112: 3099: 3090: 3083: 3076: 3067: 3066: 3032:Preceded by 3015: 3014: 3010: 2989: 2964: 2943: 2910: 2901:Cheetham, Samuel 2892: 2881: 2855: 2834: 2813: 2792: 2784: 2775: 2754: 2733: 2712: 2691: 2667: 2646: 2625: 2594: 2593: 2591: 2589: 2574: 2568: 2562: 2556: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2536: 2530: 2529: 2511: 2505: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2489: 2483: 2480:de Commynes 1972 2477: 2471: 2465: 2459: 2453: 2447: 2441: 2435: 2434:, pp. 839–. 2429: 2423: 2422: 2410: 2404: 2403: 2401: 2399: 2388: 2382: 2381: 2379: 2377: 2363: 2357: 2344: 2338: 2337: 2335: 2333: 2322: 2316: 2311: 2305: 2304: 2302: 2300: 2285: 2279: 2273: 2267: 2266: 2256: 2250: 2249:, pp. 300-. 2244: 2238: 2224: 2218: 2204: 2198: 2184: 2178: 2160: 2154: 2148: 2139: 2133: 2127: 2121: 2115: 2109: 2100: 2094: 2088: 2083: 2077: 2076: 2058: 2049: 2043: 2037: 2031: 2022: 2021: 2003: 1994: 1993: 1991: 1989: 1966: 1957: 1956: 1945: 1923: 1916: 1910: 1892: 1886: 1884: 1866: 1856: 1794: 1776: 1757: 1739: 1719: 1698: 1676: 1656: 1638: 1622: 1604: 1589: 1577: 1535: 1513: 1507: 1501: 1495: 1476:Hispanic America 1388: 1249: 1140:were painted by 1111:'s early (1611) 1044:progressive rock 953:liturgical drama 947:In Christian art 847:Book of Jeremiah 841: 785:, also known as 736:of the Innocents 716: 709: 702: 688: 680: 658:Road to Damascus 630:Great Commission 483:Temple cleansing 296: 281: 280: 263: 262: 178:Pre-Congregation 108: 105: 60: 46: 45: 21: 9742: 9741: 9737: 9736: 9735: 9733: 9732: 9731: 9727:Anglican saints 9692:Herod the Great 9637: 9636: 9635: 9630: 9618: 9610: 9547: 9484: 9440:Paul the Simple 9400:Moses the Black 9395:Marina the Monk 9310:Abib and Apollo 9287: 9134: 8831: 8722:Maspero Martyrs 8702:John of Senhout 8518: 8485: 8417: 8339: 8291: 8246: 8118: 8109: 8076: 8071: 8041: 8036: 8026: 8024: 8012: 8004: 7995:Seven Champions 7988:Church Militant 7978:Athleta Christi 7973:Military saints 7941: 7837:Clare of Assisi 7773: 7709:Judas Barsabbas 7615: 7187: 7117: 7103:Nino of Georgia 7049: 6955:Pedro Calungsod 6910:Martyrs of Laos 6855:Luigi Versiglia 6746: 6687:John Chrysostom 6577:Clement of Rome 6518: 6511: 6478: 6444:Teresa of Ávila 6429:Albertus Magnus 6314:John Chrysostom 6280: 6241:Mary of Bethany 6222: 6128:Anthony of Kiev 6109: 6077: 6028:James the Great 5994: 5946: 5925: 5916: 5911: 5881: 5876: 5835: 5699: 5641: 5548: 5482: 5346: 5287:Transfiguration 5175: 5165: 5058: 4898: 4890: 4885: 4855: 4850: 4844: 4826: 4792:Pickled herring 4765: 4734: 4681: 4672:Cranberry sauce 4655: 4634: 4610:Red velvet cake 4595:Poppy seed roll 4513: 4464: 4453: 4451: 4445: 4424:White Christmas 4314:Christmas truce 4309:Christmas seals 4289:Christmas creep 4251: 4249: 4243: 4144: 4138: 4055: 4049: 3886: 3880: 3733:Lord of Misrule 3668:Christmas Peace 3618:Advent calendar 3608: 3602: 3551:Knecht Ruprecht 3531: 3529: 3523: 3445: 3441: 3434: 3323: 3319: 3311: 3236:Herod the Great 3171: 3165: 3159: 3152: 3145: 3138: 3131: 3124: 3117: 3110: 3101: 3097: 3094: 3060: 3056: 3044: 3037: 3027: 3020: 3013: 3007: 2986: 2961: 2878: 2852: 2831: 2810: 2772: 2751: 2740:Herod the Great 2730: 2709: 2688: 2664: 2643: 2622: 2603: 2598: 2597: 2587: 2585: 2576: 2575: 2571: 2563: 2559: 2549: 2547: 2537: 2533: 2526: 2512: 2508: 2498: 2496: 2491: 2490: 2486: 2478: 2474: 2466: 2462: 2454: 2450: 2442: 2438: 2430: 2426: 2411: 2407: 2397: 2395: 2390: 2389: 2385: 2375: 2373: 2365: 2364: 2360: 2345: 2341: 2331: 2329: 2324: 2323: 2319: 2312: 2308: 2298: 2296: 2287: 2286: 2282: 2274: 2270: 2258: 2257: 2253: 2245: 2241: 2225: 2221: 2205: 2201: 2185: 2181: 2161: 2157: 2149: 2142: 2134: 2130: 2122: 2118: 2110: 2103: 2095: 2091: 2084: 2080: 2073: 2059: 2052: 2044: 2040: 2032: 2025: 2018: 2004: 1997: 1987: 1985: 1983: 1967: 1960: 1947: 1946: 1942: 1937: 1932: 1927: 1926: 1917: 1913: 1893: 1889: 1873:Evang. S. Matt. 1869:Evang. S. Matt. 1857: 1853: 1848: 1811: 1804: 1795: 1786: 1777: 1768: 1758: 1749: 1740: 1731: 1720: 1711: 1699: 1690: 1677: 1668: 1657: 1648: 1639: 1630: 1623: 1614: 1605: 1596: 1590: 1581: 1578: 1569: 1561:Code of Rubrics 1549: 1450: 1395: 1353: 1316:Catholic Church 1308:Lutheran Church 1293:Maronite Church 1277:Children's Mass 1261: 1256: 1236:Heinrich Schütz 1232:Giaches de Wert 1212: 1192:Nicolas Poussin 1134:by the Bruegels 1127: 1040:Christmas Night 986:Christmas carol 949: 926: 881: 875: 842: 839: 815: 760:Herod the Great 720: 668: 667: 653: 649:In rest of the 642: 641: 619:Noli me tangere 603: 593: 592: 557:Crown of Thorns 532:Sanhedrin trial 473: 463: 462: 458:Transfiguration 397: 387: 386: 323:Joseph's dreams 306: 279: 278: 257: 235: 212: 167: 143:Catholic Church 109: 106: 88: 71: 51: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 9740: 9730: 9729: 9724: 9719: 9714: 9709: 9704: 9699: 9694: 9689: 9684: 9679: 9674: 9669: 9664: 9659: 9654: 9649: 9632: 9631: 9629: 9628: 9615: 9612: 9611: 9609: 9608: 9603: 9598: 9593: 9588: 9583: 9578: 9573: 9568: 9563: 9557: 9555: 9549: 9548: 9546: 9545: 9540: 9535: 9530: 9525: 9520: 9515: 9510: 9505: 9500: 9494: 9492: 9486: 9485: 9483: 9482: 9477: 9472: 9470:Tekle Haymanot 9467: 9462: 9457: 9452: 9447: 9442: 9437: 9435:Paul of Tammah 9432: 9430:Paul of Thebes 9427: 9422: 9417: 9412: 9407: 9405:Nilus of Sinai 9402: 9397: 9392: 9387: 9382: 9380:John the Dwarf 9377: 9372: 9367: 9362: 9357: 9352: 9347: 9342: 9337: 9332: 9327: 9322: 9317: 9312: 9307: 9301: 9299: 9289: 9288: 9286: 9285: 9280: 9275: 9270: 9268:Psote of Ebsay 9265: 9260: 9255: 9250: 9245: 9240: 9235: 9230: 9225: 9220: 9215: 9210: 9205: 9200: 9195: 9190: 9185: 9180: 9175: 9170: 9165: 9163:Amun of Scetis 9160: 9155: 9150: 9144: 9142: 9136: 9135: 9133: 9132: 9127: 9122: 9117: 9112: 9107: 9102: 9097: 9092: 9087: 9082: 9077: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9052: 9047: 9042: 9037: 9032: 9027: 9022: 9017: 9012: 9007: 9002: 8997: 8992: 8987: 8982: 8977: 8972: 8967: 8962: 8957: 8952: 8947: 8942: 8937: 8932: 8927: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8862: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8841: 8839: 8833: 8832: 8830: 8829: 8824: 8819: 8814: 8809: 8804: 8799: 8794: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8769: 8764: 8759: 8754: 8749: 8744: 8739: 8734: 8729: 8724: 8719: 8714: 8709: 8707:Kosheh martyrs 8704: 8699: 8697:Isaac of Dafra 8694: 8692:Imbaba Martyrs 8689: 8684: 8679: 8674: 8669: 8664: 8659: 8654: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8624: 8619: 8617:Cyrus and John 8614: 8609: 8604: 8599: 8594: 8589: 8584: 8579: 8574: 8569: 8564: 8559: 8554: 8549: 8544: 8539: 8534: 8528: 8526: 8520: 8519: 8517: 8516: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8495: 8493: 8487: 8486: 8484: 8483: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8441:Mary Magdalene 8438: 8433: 8427: 8425: 8419: 8418: 8416: 8415: 8410: 8405: 8400: 8395: 8390: 8385: 8380: 8375: 8370: 8365: 8360: 8355: 8349: 8347: 8341: 8340: 8338: 8337: 8332: 8327: 8322: 8317: 8312: 8307: 8301: 8299: 8293: 8292: 8290: 8289: 8288: 8287: 8282: 8277: 8272: 8267: 8256: 8254: 8248: 8247: 8245: 8244: 8239: 8234: 8229: 8224: 8219: 8214: 8209: 8204: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8179: 8174: 8169: 8164: 8159: 8154: 8149: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8128: 8126: 8120: 8119: 8112: 8110: 8108: 8107: 8102: 8097: 8092: 8086: 8084: 8078: 8077: 8070: 8069: 8062: 8055: 8047: 8038: 8037: 8035: 8034: 8022: 8009: 8006: 8005: 8003: 8002: 8000:Virtuous pagan 7997: 7992: 7991: 7990: 7985: 7980: 7970: 7965: 7960: 7955: 7949: 7947: 7943: 7942: 7940: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7804: 7799: 7794: 7789: 7783: 7781: 7775: 7774: 7772: 7771: 7766: 7764:Zechariah (NT) 7761: 7756: 7751: 7746: 7741: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7721: 7716: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7661: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7641: 7636: 7631: 7625: 7623: 7617: 7616: 7614: 7613: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7593: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7563: 7558: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7533: 7528: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7388: 7383: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7348: 7343: 7338: 7333: 7328: 7323: 7318: 7313: 7308: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7268: 7263: 7258: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7228: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7208: 7203: 7197: 7195: 7189: 7188: 7186: 7185: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7127: 7125: 7119: 7118: 7116: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7098:Junípero Serra 7095: 7090: 7085: 7083:Francis Xavier 7080: 7075: 7070: 7065: 7059: 7057: 7051: 7050: 7048: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7025:Uganda Martyrs 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6995:Titus Brandsma 6992: 6987: 6982: 6977: 6972: 6970:Pietro Parenzo 6967: 6962: 6957: 6952: 6947: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6857: 6852: 6847: 6842: 6840:Korean Martyrs 6837: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6765:Boris and Gleb 6762: 6756: 6754: 6748: 6747: 6745: 6744: 6739: 6734: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6714: 6709: 6704: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6607:Desert Mothers 6604: 6602:Desert Fathers 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6554: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6523: 6521: 6513: 6512: 6510: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6488: 6486: 6480: 6479: 6477: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6414:Peter Canisius 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6366: 6361: 6359:Thomas Aquinas 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6290: 6288: 6282: 6281: 6279: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6246:Mary Magdalene 6243: 6238: 6232: 6230: 6224: 6223: 6221: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6173:Louis Bertrand 6170: 6165: 6160: 6158:Francis Borgia 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6119: 6117: 6111: 6110: 6108: 6107: 6102: 6093: 6087: 6085: 6079: 6078: 6076: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6030: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6004: 6002: 5996: 5995: 5993: 5992: 5987: 5985:Titles of Mary 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5956: 5954: 5948: 5947: 5932:Servant of God 5921: 5918: 5917: 5910: 5909: 5902: 5895: 5887: 5878: 5877: 5875: 5874: 5869: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5849: 5843: 5841: 5837: 5836: 5834: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5803: 5798: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5707: 5705: 5701: 5700: 5698: 5697: 5689: 5681: 5680:(1971 musical) 5673: 5665: 5664: 5663: 5649: 5647: 5643: 5642: 5640: 5639: 5634: 5633: 5632: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5597: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5577: 5572: 5570:Gospel of Mark 5567: 5562: 5556: 5554: 5550: 5549: 5547: 5546: 5544:Sea of Galilee 5541: 5536: 5531: 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5496: 5490: 5488: 5484: 5483: 5481: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5456: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5433:Pontius Pilate 5430: 5425: 5420: 5415: 5413:Mary Magdalene 5410: 5405: 5403:Judas Iscariot 5400: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5354: 5352: 5348: 5347: 5345: 5344: 5339: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5263: 5262: 5257: 5252: 5242: 5237: 5235:Fishers of men 5232: 5227: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5211: 5210: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5190: 5179: 5177: 5171: 5170: 5167: 5166: 5164: 5163: 5158: 5156:27:1–12; 52–66 5153: 5144: 5139: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5119: 5114: 5109: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5068: 5066: 5060: 5059: 5057: 5056: 5051: 5046: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4996: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4976: 4971: 4966: 4961: 4956: 4951: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4915: 4913: 4904: 4892: 4891: 4884: 4883: 4876: 4869: 4861: 4852: 4851: 4849: 4848: 4835: 4832: 4831: 4828: 4827: 4825: 4824: 4819: 4809: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4773: 4771: 4767: 4766: 4764: 4763: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4742: 4740: 4736: 4735: 4733: 4732: 4727: 4726: 4725: 4723:Smoking Bishop 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4689: 4687: 4683: 4682: 4680: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4663: 4661: 4657: 4656: 4654: 4653: 4648: 4642: 4640: 4636: 4635: 4633: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4617: 4612: 4607: 4602: 4597: 4592: 4587: 4582: 4577: 4572: 4567: 4562: 4557: 4552: 4547: 4542: 4537: 4532: 4527: 4521: 4519: 4515: 4514: 4512: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4470: 4468: 4457: 4447: 4446: 4444: 4443: 4438: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4411: 4406: 4404:Super Saturday 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4334:Giving Tuesday 4331: 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4284:Christmas club 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4255: 4253: 4245: 4244: 4242: 4241: 4240: 4239: 4234: 4222: 4221: 4220: 4213: 4206: 4199: 4192: 4182: 4170: 4169: 4168: 4161: 4150: 4148: 4140: 4139: 4137: 4136: 4135: 4134: 4131:Piae Cantiones 4127: 4120: 4113: 4103: 4097:Music charts ( 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4073: 4072: 4061: 4059: 4051: 4050: 4048: 4047: 4046: 4045: 4040: 4035: 4030: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3939: 3938: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3903: 3898: 3892: 3890: 3882: 3881: 3879: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3838: 3833: 3826: 3821: 3816: 3809: 3804: 3799: 3794: 3793: 3792: 3782: 3777: 3776: 3775: 3765: 3760: 3755: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3735: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3710: 3705: 3700: 3695: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3655: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3614: 3612: 3604: 3603: 3601: 3600: 3595: 3590: 3589: 3588: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3566:Père Fouettard 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3537: 3535: 3532:Saint Nicholas 3525: 3524: 3522: 3521: 3516: 3511: 3506: 3501: 3496: 3491: 3486: 3484:Grandpa Indian 3481: 3476: 3471: 3466: 3461: 3460: 3459: 3452:Saint Nicholas 3448: 3446: 3439: 3436: 3435: 3433: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3390:Old Man Winter 3387: 3382: 3377: 3375:Miner's figure 3372: 3367: 3362: 3360:Kallikantzaros 3357: 3352: 3347: 3342: 3337: 3332: 3326: 3324: 3316: 3313: 3312: 3310: 3309: 3304: 3299: 3298: 3297: 3290:Nativity scene 3287: 3286: 3285: 3280: 3270: 3265: 3264: 3263: 3253: 3248: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3188: 3187: 3186: 3175: 3173: 3167: 3166: 3164: 3163: 3156: 3149: 3142: 3135: 3128: 3125:Children's Day 3121: 3114: 3111:Blue Christmas 3106: 3103: 3102: 3093: 3092: 3085: 3078: 3070: 3062: 3061: 3050: 3047: 3038: 3033: 3029: 3028: 3021: 3018: 3012: 3011: 3005: 2999:. Peter Lang. 2990: 2984: 2965: 2959: 2944: 2926:(3): 473–485. 2911: 2897:Smith, William 2893: 2882: 2876: 2860:Maier, Paul L. 2856: 2850: 2835: 2829: 2814: 2809:978-1960069023 2808: 2796:James (2019). 2793: 2776: 2770: 2755: 2749: 2734: 2728: 2713: 2707: 2692: 2686: 2668: 2662: 2647: 2641: 2626: 2620: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2596: 2595: 2569: 2557: 2531: 2524: 2506: 2484: 2472: 2460: 2448: 2436: 2424: 2405: 2383: 2367:"The Calendar" 2358: 2353:CODART Courant 2339: 2317: 2306: 2280: 2268: 2251: 2239: 2219: 2199: 2179: 2167:, and Theology 2155: 2140: 2128: 2126:, p. 187. 2116: 2114:, p. 126. 2101: 2089: 2078: 2071: 2050: 2038: 2023: 2016: 1995: 1981: 1958: 1939: 1938: 1936: 1933: 1931: 1928: 1925: 1924: 1911: 1901:iii.16.4) and 1887: 1879:to about six ( 1877:Lorenz Kellner 1850: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1843: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1825:Coventry Carol 1822: 1817: 1810: 1807: 1806: 1805: 1796: 1789: 1787: 1778: 1771: 1769: 1759: 1752: 1750: 1741: 1734: 1732: 1721: 1714: 1712: 1700: 1693: 1691: 1678: 1671: 1669: 1658: 1651: 1649: 1640: 1633: 1631: 1624: 1617: 1615: 1606: 1599: 1597: 1591: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1572: 1568: 1565: 1548: 1545: 1522:" festival of 1520:Els Enfarinats 1449: 1446: 1394: 1391: 1361:Western church 1352: 1349: 1348: 1347: 1336: 1330: 1296: 1260: 1257: 1255: 1252: 1238:(in German). 1211: 1208: 1207: 1206: 1195: 1183: 1173: 1149: 1126: 1123: 1031:Christmas song 982:Coventry Carol 961:Coventry Carol 948: 945: 925: 922: 910:Book of Exodus 877:Main article: 874: 871: 851:Jeremiah 31:15 837: 821:tells how the 814: 811: 772:Holy Innocents 722: 721: 719: 718: 711: 704: 696: 693: 692: 670: 669: 666: 665: 660: 654: 648: 647: 644: 643: 640: 639: 634: 633: 632: 627: 625:Road to Emmaus 622: 610: 604: 599: 598: 595: 594: 591: 590: 585: 580: 579: 578: 568: 567: 566: 559: 554: 547:Pilate's court 544: 539: 534: 529: 528: 527: 522: 512: 511: 510: 505: 495: 490: 485: 480: 474: 469: 468: 465: 464: 461: 460: 455: 450: 445: 440: 435: 434: 433: 428: 414: 409: 404: 398: 393: 392: 389: 388: 385: 384: 379: 374: 369: 368: 367: 357: 352: 347: 346: 345: 340: 335: 325: 320: 319: 318: 307: 302: 301: 298: 297: 289: 288: 274: 271: 270: 259: 258: 256: 255: 252: 249: 245: 243: 237: 236: 234: 233: 228: 222: 220: 214: 213: 211: 210: 203: 200: 197: 189: 187: 181: 180: 175: 169: 168: 166: 165: 160: 155: 150: 145: 139: 137: 133: 132: 127: 123: 122: 101: 97: 96: 85: 81: 80: 73: 72: 61: 53: 52: 50:Holy Innocents 49: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9739: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9710: 9708: 9705: 9703: 9700: 9698: 9695: 9693: 9690: 9688: 9685: 9683: 9680: 9678: 9677:Christmastide 9675: 9673: 9670: 9668: 9665: 9663: 9660: 9658: 9655: 9653: 9650: 9648: 9645: 9644: 9642: 9627: 9622: 9617: 9616: 9613: 9607: 9604: 9602: 9599: 9597: 9594: 9592: 9589: 9587: 9584: 9582: 9579: 9577: 9574: 9572: 9569: 9567: 9564: 9562: 9559: 9558: 9556: 9554: 9550: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9529: 9526: 9524: 9521: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9501: 9499: 9496: 9495: 9493: 9491: 9487: 9481: 9478: 9476: 9473: 9471: 9468: 9466: 9463: 9461: 9458: 9456: 9453: 9451: 9448: 9446: 9443: 9441: 9438: 9436: 9433: 9431: 9428: 9426: 9423: 9421: 9418: 9416: 9413: 9411: 9408: 9406: 9403: 9401: 9398: 9396: 9393: 9391: 9388: 9386: 9383: 9381: 9378: 9376: 9375:John Climacus 9373: 9371: 9368: 9366: 9363: 9361: 9358: 9356: 9353: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9336: 9333: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9321: 9318: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9302: 9300: 9298: 9294: 9290: 9284: 9281: 9279: 9276: 9274: 9271: 9269: 9266: 9264: 9261: 9259: 9256: 9254: 9251: 9249: 9246: 9244: 9241: 9239: 9236: 9234: 9231: 9229: 9226: 9224: 9221: 9219: 9218:John of Nikiû 9216: 9214: 9211: 9209: 9206: 9204: 9201: 9199: 9196: 9194: 9191: 9189: 9186: 9184: 9181: 9179: 9176: 9174: 9171: 9169: 9166: 9164: 9161: 9159: 9156: 9154: 9151: 9149: 9146: 9145: 9143: 9141: 9137: 9131: 9128: 9126: 9123: 9121: 9118: 9116: 9113: 9111: 9108: 9106: 9103: 9101: 9098: 9096: 9093: 9091: 9088: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9041: 9038: 9036: 9033: 9031: 9028: 9026: 9023: 9021: 9018: 9016: 9013: 9011: 9008: 9006: 9003: 9001: 8998: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8988: 8986: 8983: 8981: 8978: 8976: 8973: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8963: 8961: 8958: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8936: 8933: 8931: 8928: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8915:Felix of Rome 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8842: 8840: 8838: 8834: 8828: 8825: 8823: 8820: 8818: 8815: 8813: 8810: 8808: 8805: 8803: 8800: 8798: 8795: 8793: 8790: 8788: 8787:Theban Legion 8785: 8783: 8782:Sidhom Bishay 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8765: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8748: 8745: 8743: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8713: 8710: 8708: 8705: 8703: 8700: 8698: 8695: 8693: 8690: 8688: 8685: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8663: 8660: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8588: 8585: 8583: 8580: 8578: 8575: 8573: 8570: 8568: 8565: 8563: 8560: 8558: 8555: 8553: 8550: 8548: 8545: 8543: 8540: 8538: 8535: 8533: 8530: 8529: 8527: 8525: 8521: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8496: 8494: 8492: 8488: 8482: 8479: 8477: 8474: 8472: 8469: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8434: 8432: 8429: 8428: 8426: 8424: 8420: 8414: 8411: 8409: 8406: 8404: 8401: 8399: 8396: 8394: 8391: 8389: 8386: 8384: 8381: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8356: 8354: 8351: 8350: 8348: 8346: 8342: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8321: 8318: 8316: 8313: 8311: 8308: 8306: 8303: 8302: 8300: 8298: 8294: 8286: 8283: 8281: 8278: 8276: 8273: 8271: 8268: 8266: 8263: 8262: 8261: 8258: 8257: 8255: 8253: 8249: 8243: 8240: 8238: 8235: 8233: 8230: 8228: 8225: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8129: 8127: 8125: 8121: 8116: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8087: 8085: 8083: 8079: 8075: 8068: 8063: 8061: 8056: 8054: 8049: 8048: 8045: 8033: 8023: 8021: 8016: 8011: 8010: 8007: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7976: 7975: 7974: 7971: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7950: 7948: 7944: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7887:Maria Goretti 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7792:Agnes of Rome 7790: 7788: 7785: 7784: 7782: 7780: 7776: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7720: 7717: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7690: 7687: 7685: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7626: 7624: 7622: 7618: 7612: 7609: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7387: 7384: 7382: 7379: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7349: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7332: 7329: 7327: 7324: 7322: 7319: 7317: 7314: 7312: 7309: 7307: 7304: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7198: 7196: 7194: 7190: 7184: 7183: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7128: 7126: 7124: 7120: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7069: 7066: 7064: 7061: 7060: 7058: 7056: 7052: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7036: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7026: 7023: 7021: 7018: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7005:Thomas Becket 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6971: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6958: 6956: 6953: 6951: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6856: 6853: 6851: 6848: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6830:Irish Martyrs 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6757: 6755: 6753: 6749: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6735: 6733: 6730: 6728: 6725: 6723: 6720: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6708: 6705: 6703: 6700: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6524: 6522: 6520: 6514: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6489: 6487: 6485: 6481: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6459:John of Ávila 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6384:Leo the Great 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6291: 6289: 6287: 6283: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6233: 6231: 6229: 6225: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6120: 6118: 6116: 6112: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6097: 6094: 6092: 6089: 6088: 6086: 6084: 6080: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6005: 6003: 6001: 5997: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5957: 5955: 5953: 5949: 5945: 5941: 5937: 5933: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5915: 5908: 5903: 5901: 5896: 5894: 5889: 5888: 5885: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5865: 5863: 5860: 5858: 5855: 5853: 5852:Latin Vulgate 5850: 5848: 5845: 5844: 5842: 5838: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5807: 5804: 5802: 5799: 5797: 5794: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5708: 5706: 5702: 5695: 5694: 5690: 5687: 5686: 5682: 5679: 5678: 5674: 5671: 5670: 5666: 5662: 5659: 5658: 5656: 5655: 5651: 5650: 5648: 5644: 5638: 5635: 5631: 5628: 5627: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5557: 5555: 5551: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5485: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5458: 5457: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5424: 5421: 5419: 5416: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5404: 5401: 5399: 5396: 5394: 5391: 5389: 5386: 5384: 5381: 5379: 5376: 5374: 5371: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5361: 5359: 5356: 5355: 5353: 5349: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5261: 5258: 5256: 5255:Lord's Prayer 5253: 5251: 5248: 5247: 5246: 5243: 5241: 5238: 5236: 5233: 5231: 5228: 5226: 5223: 5221: 5218: 5216: 5213: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5199: 5196: 5194: 5191: 5189: 5186: 5185: 5184: 5181: 5180: 5178: 5172: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5148: 5145: 5143: 5140: 5138: 5135: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5115: 5113: 5110: 5108: 5105: 5103: 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5061: 5055: 5052: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4985: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4975: 4972: 4970: 4967: 4965: 4962: 4960: 4957: 4955: 4952: 4950: 4947: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4916: 4914: 4912: 4908: 4905: 4902: 4901:New Testament 4897: 4893: 4889: 4882: 4877: 4875: 4870: 4868: 4863: 4862: 4859: 4847: 4837: 4836: 4833: 4823: 4820: 4817: 4813: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4803: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4793: 4790: 4788: 4785: 4783: 4780: 4778: 4775: 4774: 4772: 4770:Meat and fish 4768: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4743: 4741: 4737: 4731: 4728: 4724: 4721: 4720: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4708:Hot chocolate 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4690: 4688: 4684: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4664: 4662: 4658: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4643: 4641: 4637: 4631: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4618: 4616: 4613: 4611: 4608: 4606: 4603: 4601: 4598: 4596: 4593: 4591: 4588: 4586: 4583: 4581: 4578: 4576: 4573: 4571: 4568: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4558: 4556: 4553: 4551: 4548: 4546: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4536: 4533: 4531: 4528: 4526: 4523: 4522: 4520: 4516: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4472: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4448: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4436: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4419: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4409:Ugly sweaters 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4322: 4320: 4319:Controversies 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4256: 4254: 4246: 4238: 4235: 4233: 4232: 4228: 4227: 4226: 4223: 4218: 4214: 4211: 4207: 4204: 4200: 4198: 4197: 4193: 4190: 4186: 4185: 4183: 4180: 4177: 4174: 4171: 4167: 4166: 4162: 4160: 4157: 4156: 4155: 4154:In literature 4152: 4151: 4149: 4147: 4141: 4133: 4132: 4128: 4126: 4125: 4121: 4119: 4118: 4114: 4112: 4111: 4107: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4100: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4071: 4068: 4067: 4066: 4063: 4062: 4060: 4058: 4052: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4025: 4024: 4023:United States 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3937: 3934: 3933: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3893: 3891: 3889: 3883: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3831: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3814: 3810: 3808: 3805: 3803: 3800: 3798: 3795: 3791: 3788: 3787: 3786: 3783: 3781: 3778: 3774: 3771: 3770: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3753:Moravian star 3751: 3749: 3748:Midnight Mass 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3699: 3696: 3694: 3691: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3638:Candle arches 3636: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3628:Advent wreath 3626: 3624: 3623:Advent candle 3621: 3619: 3616: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3605: 3599: 3596: 3594: 3591: 3587: 3584: 3583: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3530:Companions of 3526: 3520: 3517: 3515: 3512: 3510: 3507: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3497: 3495: 3492: 3490: 3487: 3485: 3482: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3465: 3462: 3458: 3455: 3454: 3453: 3450: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442:Gift-bringers 3437: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3341: 3338: 3336: 3333: 3331: 3328: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3314: 3308: 3307:Twelfth Night 3305: 3303: 3300: 3296: 3293: 3292: 3291: 3288: 3284: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3275: 3274: 3271: 3269: 3268:Nativity Fast 3266: 3262: 3259: 3258: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3226:Christmastide 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3201:Angel Gabriel 3199: 3197: 3194: 3192: 3189: 3185: 3182: 3181: 3180: 3179:Biblical Magi 3177: 3176: 3174: 3168: 3162: 3157: 3155: 3150: 3148: 3143: 3141: 3136: 3134: 3132:Christmas Eve 3129: 3127: 3122: 3120: 3115: 3113: 3108: 3107: 3104: 3100: 3091: 3086: 3084: 3079: 3077: 3072: 3071: 3068: 3059: 3054: 3046: 3043: 3042:New Testament 3036: 3030: 3026: 3025: 3024:Life of Jesus 3016: 3008: 3002: 2998: 2997: 2991: 2987: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2972: 2966: 2962: 2956: 2952: 2951: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2912: 2908: 2907: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2890: 2889: 2883: 2879: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2847: 2843: 2842: 2836: 2832: 2826: 2822: 2821: 2815: 2811: 2805: 2801: 2800: 2794: 2790: 2789: 2783: 2777: 2773: 2767: 2763: 2762: 2756: 2752: 2746: 2742: 2741: 2735: 2731: 2725: 2721: 2720: 2714: 2710: 2704: 2700: 2699: 2693: 2689: 2683: 2679: 2678: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2663:0-253-11061-0 2659: 2655: 2654: 2648: 2644: 2638: 2634: 2633: 2627: 2623: 2617: 2613: 2612: 2606: 2605: 2583: 2581: 2573: 2566: 2561: 2546: 2542: 2535: 2527: 2521: 2517: 2510: 2494: 2488: 2481: 2476: 2469: 2464: 2457: 2452: 2446:, p. 46. 2445: 2440: 2433: 2428: 2420: 2416: 2409: 2393: 2387: 2372: 2368: 2362: 2355: 2354: 2349: 2343: 2327: 2321: 2315: 2310: 2294: 2290: 2284: 2278:, p. 15. 2277: 2276:Studwell 1995 2272: 2265: 2261: 2255: 2248: 2243: 2236: 2235:1-58743-202-1 2232: 2228: 2223: 2216: 2215:0-8146-5805-9 2212: 2208: 2203: 2196: 2195:1-58595-303-2 2192: 2188: 2183: 2176: 2175:0-8054-4843-8 2172: 2168: 2164: 2159: 2153:, p. 11. 2152: 2147: 2145: 2138:, p. 44. 2137: 2132: 2125: 2120: 2113: 2108: 2106: 2099:, p. 23. 2098: 2093: 2087: 2082: 2074: 2068: 2064: 2057: 2055: 2047: 2042: 2036:, p. 22. 2035: 2030: 2028: 2019: 2017:9780300249484 2013: 2009: 2002: 2000: 1984: 1978: 1974: 1973: 1965: 1963: 1954: 1950: 1944: 1940: 1921: 1915: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1891: 1883: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1865: 1860: 1855: 1851: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1816: 1813: 1812: 1803: 1802:Faroe Islands 1799: 1793: 1788: 1785: 1781: 1775: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1756: 1751: 1748: 1744: 1738: 1733: 1730: 1729: 1724: 1718: 1713: 1709: 1708: 1703: 1697: 1692: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1675: 1670: 1667: 1666: 1661: 1655: 1650: 1647: 1643: 1637: 1632: 1628: 1621: 1616: 1613: 1609: 1603: 1598: 1595: 1592:10th-century 1588: 1583: 1576: 1571: 1570: 1564: 1562: 1558: 1557:Pope Pius XII 1554: 1544: 1542: 1537: 1534: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1512: 1506: 1500: 1494: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1468: 1465: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1445: 1443: 1439: 1433: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1422:role reversal 1419: 1415: 1410: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1390: 1387: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1371:, 6 January: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1335: 1331: 1329: 1328:Christmastide 1325: 1321: 1318:, with these 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1281: 1280: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1251: 1248: 1243: 1239: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1205: 1201: 1200: 1196: 1193: 1189: 1188: 1184: 1181: 1177: 1174: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1154: 1150: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1133: 1129: 1128: 1122: 1120: 1116: 1115: 1110: 1106: 1102: 1097: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1083: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1057: 1055: 1054: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1036: 1032: 1029: 1024: 1022: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1004: 999: 996:as part of a 995: 991: 987: 983: 978: 976: 972: 968: 967: 966:Ordo Rachelis 962: 958: 954: 944: 941: 940: 935: 931: 921: 917: 915: 911: 907: 902: 900: 896: 895: 890: 886: 880: 870: 868: 864: 860: 856: 852: 848: 836: 831: 828: 824: 820: 810: 808: 807:various dates 804: 800: 799:Christmastide 796: 792: 788: 784: 779: 777: 774:as the first 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 717: 712: 710: 705: 703: 698: 697: 695: 694: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 672: 671: 664: 663:John's vision 661: 659: 656: 655: 652: 646: 645: 638: 635: 631: 628: 626: 623: 621: 620: 616: 615: 614: 611: 609: 606: 605: 602: 597: 596: 589: 586: 584: 581: 577: 574: 573: 572: 569: 565: 564: 560: 558: 555: 553: 550: 549: 548: 545: 543: 542:Herod's court 540: 538: 535: 533: 530: 526: 523: 521: 520:Kiss of Judas 518: 517: 516: 513: 509: 506: 504: 501: 500: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 475: 472: 467: 466: 459: 456: 454: 451: 449: 446: 444: 441: 439: 436: 432: 431:Lord's Prayer 429: 427: 424: 423: 422: 418: 415: 413: 410: 408: 405: 403: 400: 399: 396: 391: 390: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 366: 363: 362: 361: 358: 356: 353: 351: 348: 344: 341: 339: 336: 334: 331: 330: 329: 326: 324: 321: 317: 314: 313: 312: 309: 308: 305: 300: 299: 295: 291: 290: 285: 277: 276:Life of Jesus 273: 272: 268: 265: 264: 253: 250: 247: 246: 244: 242: 238: 232: 229: 227: 226:Martyr's palm 224: 223: 221: 219: 215: 208: 204: 201: 198: 195: 192:27 December ( 191: 190: 188: 186: 182: 179: 176: 174: 170: 164: 161: 159: 156: 154: 151: 149: 146: 144: 141: 140: 138: 134: 131: 128: 124: 120: 117:(martyred by 116: 112: 107: 7–2 BC 102: 98: 95: 91: 86: 82: 79: 74: 70: 66: 65: 59: 54: 47: 44: 40: 33: 19: 9722:Saints' days 9581:Habib Girgis 9553:Other saints 9360:Mother Irini 9125:Macarius III 9020:Alexander II 8980:Theodosius I 8970:Dioscorus II 8945:Theophilus I 8930:Athanasius I 7912:Rose of Lima 7406:John Paul II 7236:Anastasius I 7206:Adeodatus II 7180: 7055:Missionaries 6965:Peter Chanel 6950:Óscar Romero 6845:Lorenzo Ruiz 6824: 6820:Great Martyr 6389:Peter Damian 6198:Peter Claver 5928:canonization 5691: 5683: 5675: 5667: 5652: 5529:Jordan River 5383:Jesus Christ 5337:Resurrection 5202: 5183:Jesus' birth 4782:Gefilte fish 4730:Ponche crema 4565:Melomakarono 4433: 4324:Cyber Monday 4229: 4194: 4163: 4129: 4122: 4115: 4108: 4105:Music books 4098: 3936:Nazi Germany 3828: 3824:Secret Santa 3811: 3698:Flying Santa 3405:Tió de Nadal 3355:Korvatunturi 3255: 3206:Annunciation 3172:Christianity 3153:Sol Invictus 3040: 3022: 2995: 2970: 2949: 2923: 2919: 2905: 2887: 2867: 2840: 2823:. Eerdmans. 2819: 2798: 2786: 2760: 2739: 2722:. Eerdmans. 2718: 2697: 2676: 2652: 2631: 2610: 2586:. Retrieved 2579: 2572: 2560: 2548:. Retrieved 2544: 2534: 2515: 2509: 2497:. Retrieved 2487: 2475: 2463: 2456:Holweck 1910 2451: 2444:Wasyliw 2008 2439: 2427: 2418: 2408: 2396:. Retrieved 2386: 2374:. Retrieved 2370: 2361: 2351: 2347: 2342: 2330:. Retrieved 2320: 2309: 2297:. Retrieved 2293:the original 2283: 2271: 2263: 2254: 2242: 2226: 2222: 2206: 2202: 2186: 2182: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2136:Lincoln 2013 2131: 2119: 2112:Magness 2021 2092: 2086:Matthew 2:16 2081: 2062: 2041: 2007: 1986:. Retrieved 1971: 1953:catholic.org 1952: 1943: 1914: 1906: 1898: 1890: 1872: 1868: 1859:Holweck 1910 1854: 1797: 1779: 1764: 1746: 1726: 1705: 1683: 1663: 1641: 1611: 1550: 1538: 1530:, where the 1469: 1466: 1451: 1434: 1411: 1396: 1354: 1276: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1262: 1240: 1226:, including 1215: 1213: 1197: 1185: 1176:Two versions 1172:in that city 1151: 1137: 1131: 1112: 1105:Dutch Revolt 1098: 1061: 1058: 1051: 1033: 1025: 1001: 998:mystery play 979: 975:N-Town Plays 964: 956: 950: 937: 927: 918: 903: 892: 882: 863:Matthew 2:17 844: 840:Matthew 2:16 833: 816: 786: 782: 780: 771: 735: 731: 727: 725: 682:Christianity 673: 617: 601:Resurrection 563:Via Dolorosa 561: 552:Flagellation 372:Presentation 364: 350:Circumcision 333:Virgin birth 311:Annunciation 205:10 January ( 62: 43: 9697:Infanticide 9110:Gabriel VII 9100:Macarius II 9070:Michael III 8975:Timothy III 8955:Dioscorus I 8925:Alexander I 8895:Demetrius I 8752:Nag Hammadi 8491:Evangelists 8358:Bartholomew 7872:Joan of Arc 7802:Æthelthryth 7719:Melchizedek 7581:Telesphorus 7571:Sylvester I 7456:Marcellus I 7451:Marcellinus 7371:Gregory VII 7366:Gregory III 7281:Celestine V 7276:Celestine I 7271:Callixtus I 7261:Boniface IV 7251:Benedict II 7226:Alexander I 7201:Adeodatus I 7020:Ulma Family 7010:Thomas More 6860:Martyrology 6835:John Fisher 6484:Evangelists 6364:Bonaventure 6018:Bartholomew 5952:Virgin Mary 5704:Manuscripts 5696:(1993 film) 5688:(1973 film) 5672:(1964 film) 5443:Simon Peter 5317:Last Supper 5302:Ten Virgins 5260:Golden Rule 5176:and phrases 4797:Roast goose 4718:Mulled wine 4698:Champurrado 4693:Apple cider 4667:Bread sauce 4620:Szaloncukor 4600:Pumpkin pie 4550:Gingerbread 4504:Smörgåsbord 4145:Other media 3983:Philippines 3973:New Zealand 3856:Twelve Days 3813:Räuchermann 3768:Nutcrackers 3718:Las Posadas 3678:Decorations 3658:Christingle 3598:Zwarte Piet 3593:Snegurochka 3514:Sinterklaas 3464:Santa Claus 2953:. Haworth. 2499:29 December 2419:www.oca.org 2398:27 December 2097:Clarke 2003 2034:Clarke 2003 1688:Rijksmuseum 1499:inocentadas 1480:Philippines 1426:boy bishops 1414:Middle Ages 1399:Charlemagne 1220:renaissance 1216:Vox in Rama 1074:Renaissance 758:) in which 613:Appearances 571:Crucifixion 498:Last Supper 207:East Syriac 194:West Syriac 163:Anglicanism 158:Lutheranism 130:Infanticide 9641:Categories 9576:Euphrosyne 9518:Paphnutius 9490:Anchorites 9350:Horsiesius 9080:Cosmas III 9060:Michael II 9025:Theodore I 9005:Benjamin I 9000:Andronicus 8995:Anastasius 8960:Timothy II 8885:Agrippinus 8767:Philotheos 8662:Gallicanus 8597:Chiaffredo 8552:Abaskhiron 8082:Patriarchs 7606:Zephyrinus 7566:Stephen IV 7551:Sixtus III 7531:Simplicius 7476:Nicholas I 7401:John XXIII 7391:Innocent I 7361:Gregory II 7351:Gelasius I 7256:Boniface I 7216:Agapetus I 7211:Adrian III 7182:Matriarchs 7123:Patriarchs 6742:Zephyrinus 6115:Confessors 6083:Archangels 5975:Assumption 5926:Stages of 5847:Greek Text 5646:In culture 5332:Empty tomb 5250:Beatitudes 5225:Temptation 4525:Candy cane 4474:Joulupöytä 4374:Pikkujoulu 4038:New Mexico 3887:By country 3861:Wassailing 3802:Poinsettia 3609:Traditions 3561:Mrs. Claus 3541:Belsnickel 3494:Julemanden 3489:Joulupukki 3420:Wenceslaus 3385:North Pole 3350:Jack Frost 3340:Christkind 3295:Neapolitan 3118:Boxing Day 2976:Penguin UK 2151:Brown 1978 2124:Maier 1998 2046:Maier 1998 1930:References 1899:Adv. Haer. 1723:Guido Reni 1478:, and the 1430:Saturnalia 1373:Prudentius 1351:Beginnings 1324:fourth day 1312:Roman Rite 1310:, and the 1279:, varies. 1273:Childermas 1158:Guido Reni 1109:Guido Reni 1070:Gothic art 1021:a cappella 795:fourth day 787:Childermas 762:, king of 608:Empty tomb 583:Entombment 426:Beatitudes 407:Temptation 316:Visitation 304:Early life 248:Foundlings 218:Attributes 9712:Matthew 2 9513:Onuphrius 9445:Petronius 9355:Hospitius 9340:Bashnouna 9105:Matthew I 9090:Zacharias 9075:Gabriel I 9065:Cosmas II 9050:Simeon II 9030:Michael I 8965:Peter III 8940:Timothy I 8905:Dionysius 8875:Markianos 8762:Philomena 8642:Epimachus 8602:Colluthus 8587:Catherine 8577:Bashnouna 8567:Apollonia 8423:Disciples 8330:Sarathiel 8252:Theotokos 8207:Zechariah 8197:Zephaniah 7862:Genevieve 7769:Zephaniah 7576:Symmachus 7561:Stephen I 7546:Sixtus II 7526:Silverius 7521:Sergius I 7481:Paschal I 7471:Miltiades 7381:Hormisdas 7356:Gregory I 7341:Felix III 7326:Evaristus 7321:Eutychian 7306:Eleuterus 7301:Dionysius 7296:Damasus I 7291:Cornelius 7286:Clement I 7231:Anacletus 6975:Philomena 6622:Dionysius 6597:Damasus I 6542:Anatolius 6228:Disciples 6163:Homobonus 6123:Anatolius 5936:Venerable 5711:Papyrus 1 5661:Structure 5524:Jerusalem 5509:Capernaum 5504:Bethsaida 5499:Bethlehem 5478:Sanhedrin 5473:Sadducees 5468:Pharisees 5307:Anointing 5072:Matthew 1 4919:Matthew 1 4812:Tourtière 4802:Romeritos 4739:Dumplings 4686:Beverages 4590:Pecan pie 4580:Panettone 4575:Pampushka 4570:Mince pie 4545:Fruitcake 4489:Réveillon 4369:NFL games 4364:NBA games 4359:In August 4329:Economics 4099:Billboard 3953:Indonesia 3896:Australia 3871:Yule goat 3846:Stockings 3780:Ornaments 3509:Père Noël 3504:Olentzero 3499:Noel Baba 3474:Ded Moroz 3430:Yule Lads 3370:Mari Lwyd 3221:Bethlehem 3098:Christmas 3051:Death of 2932:0008-7912 2545:ThoughtCo 2247:Mina 1907 2177:pp. 75–78 1935:Citations 1629:1460-1465 1533:inocentes 1511:inocentes 1505:inocentes 1462:martyrdom 1340:Chaldeans 1254:Feast day 1125:Paintings 1016:Bethlehem 1008:Christmas 971:Archelaus 951:Medieval 899:Macrobius 827:Jerusalem 768:Bethlehem 732:Slaughter 674:Portals: 637:Ascension 493:Anointing 453:Rejection 241:Patronage 173:Canonized 111:Bethlehem 90:Bethlehem 9586:Candidus 9533:Shenouda 9425:Patapios 9345:Hilarion 9130:Cyril VI 9115:John XIV 9095:Cyril II 9055:Joseph I 9015:Simeon I 8985:Peter IV 8935:Peter II 8900:Heraclas 8880:Celadion 8822:Wadamoun 8817:Veronica 8797:Theoclia 8632:Dorothea 8461:Silvanus 8451:Philemon 8436:Barnabas 8388:Matthias 8345:Apostles 8325:Zedekiel 8222:Jeremiah 8192:Habakkuk 8124:Prophets 7946:See also 7847:Euphemia 7684:Jeremiah 7664:Habakkuk 7621:Prophets 7596:Vitalian 7591:Victor I 7541:Sixtus I 7536:Siricius 7466:Martin I 7446:Lucius I 7411:Julius I 7376:Hilarius 7346:Felix IV 7316:Eusebius 7311:Eugene I 7241:Anicetus 7113:Remigius 7068:Boniface 6474:Irenaeus 6256:Silvanus 6203:Salonius 6048:Matthias 6013:Barnabas 6000:Apostles 5685:Godspell 5677:Godspell 5630:Shem Tob 5615:Immanuel 5565:M source 5560:Q source 5378:Jeremiah 5363:Caiaphas 4911:Chapters 4845:Category 4816:meat pie 4807:Stuffing 4761:Varenyky 4630:Yule log 4605:Qurabiya 4479:Julebord 4452:Food and 4379:SantaCon 4344:El Gordo 4231:Yule Log 4003:Scotland 3916:Ethiopia 3901:Colombia 3876:Yule log 3830:Spanbaum 3807:Pyramids 3673:Crackers 3571:Sack Man 3457:folklore 3425:Yule cat 3330:Badalisc 3320:folklore 3231:Epiphany 2940:43728232 2903:(1875). 2862:(1998). 2674:(1972). 2588:16 April 2565:BBC News 2550:30 March 2376:10 April 2328:. Wga.hu 1895:Irenaeus 1809:See also 1686:, 1590, 1304:Festival 1094:Habsburg 1082:Centaurs 990:Coventry 889:Josephus 838:—  728:Massacre 443:Parables 438:Miracles 395:Ministry 328:Nativity 9561:Ambrose 9543:Zosimas 9420:Parsoma 9140:Bishops 9120:Cyril V 9085:Abraham 9040:Mark II 9035:John IV 9010:Agathon 8950:Cyril I 8920:Peter I 8910:Theonas 8870:Eumenes 8855:Avilius 8850:Anianus 8742:Mohrael 8727:Maurice 8627:Demiana 8572:Barbara 8562:Arianus 8547:Abanoub 8524:Martyrs 8499:Matthew 8471:Timothy 8466:Stephen 8431:Apollos 8383:Matthew 8335:Ananiel 8315:Raphael 8310:Gabriel 8305:Michael 8285:Zeitoun 8270:Belarus 8232:Ezekiel 8212:Malachi 8172:Obadiah 8090:Abraham 7907:Rosalia 7832:Cecilia 7779:Virgins 7739:Obadiah 7714:Malachi 7659:Ezekiel 7611:Zosimus 7601:Zachary 7586:Urban I 7516:Pontian 7491:Paul VI 7426:Leo III 7386:Hyginus 7336:Felix I 7246:Anterus 7176:Solomon 7141:Abraham 6985:Stephen 6752:Martyrs 6519:Fathers 6492:Matthew 6299:Ambrose 6266:Timothy 6261:Stephen 6236:Apollos 6143:Dominic 6105:Raphael 6098:  6096:Michael 6091:Gabriel 6043:Matthew 5940:Blessed 5840:Sources 5553:Related 5539:Samaria 5519:Galilee 5494:Bethany 5453:Zebedee 5423:Matthew 5220:Baptism 5147:16:2b–3 4751:Pierogi 4746:Hallaca 4651:Borscht 4615:Stollen 4585:Pavlova 4560:Makówki 4540:Cozonac 4509:Wigilia 4394:Scrooge 4354:In July 4252:society 4184:Poetry 4018:Ukraine 3993:Romania 3958:Ireland 3948:Iceland 3943:Hungary 3931:Germany 3921:Finland 3911:England 3906:Denmark 3866:Windows 3797:Piñatas 3785:Parades 3738:Markets 3723:Letters 3713:Hampers 3556:Krampus 3395:Perchta 3335:Caganer 3045:Events 2601:Sources 2332:15 June 2299:15 June 1988:24 June 1907:Epistle 1903:Cyprian 1567:Gallery 1528:Alacant 1412:In the 1363:in the 1357:martyrs 1314:of the 1306:), the 1224:baroque 1166:Bologna 1078:Lapiths 1000:called 994:England 984:" is a 924:Numbers 906:Pharaoh 746:of the 537:Mocking 471:Passion 402:Baptism 78:Martyrs 9606:Verena 9538:Thomas 9528:Pijimi 9508:Misael 9455:Poemen 9450:Pishoy 8990:Damian 8890:Julian 8865:Justus 8860:Kedron 8845:Mark I 8792:Thecla 8757:Otimus 8732:Memnon 8712:Malati 8682:Gereon 8667:George 8542:Abāmūn 8537:Abāmūn 8413:Thomas 8403:Philip 8353:Andrew 8320:Suriel 8280:Warraq 8275:Poland 8265:Assiut 8237:Daniel 8227:Baruch 8217:Isaiah 8202:Haggai 8142:Samuel 8105:Joseph 7754:Simeon 7744:Samuel 7679:Isaiah 7669:Haggai 7654:Elijah 7629:Agabus 7511:Pius X 7506:Pius V 7501:Pius I 7486:Paul I 7436:Leo IX 7431:Leo IV 7421:Leo II 7396:John I 7331:Fabian 7221:Agatho 7156:Joseph 6517:Church 6309:Jerome 6073:Thomas 6063:Philip 6008:Andrew 5487:Places 5463:Angels 5459:Groups 5448:Thomas 5438:Rachel 5428:Philip 5398:Joseph 5358:Andrew 5351:People 5327:Burial 5174:Events 5132:13:1–3 5064:Verses 4822:Turkey 4756:Tamale 4713:Kissel 4703:Eggnog 4660:Sauces 4646:Menudo 4625:Turrón 4535:Cookie 4518:Sweets 4484:Kūčios 4465:Dinner 4339:Grinch 4250:modern 4217:Tomten 4176:Santa, 4159:novels 4077:Operas 4065:Carols 4033:Hawaii 4013:Sweden 4008:Serbia 3998:Russia 3988:Poland 3978:Norway 3968:Mexico 3926:France 3841:Stamps 3836:Szopka 3728:Lights 3683:Didukh 3519:Others 3469:Befana 3415:Vertep 3278:in art 3246:Joseph 3196:Advent 3003:  2982:  2957:  2938:  2930:  2874:  2848:  2827:  2806:  2768:  2747:  2726:  2705:  2684:  2660:  2639:  2618:  2522:  2237:p. 111 2233:  2213:  2193:  2173:  2165:People 2069:  2014:  1979:  1767:, 1824 1702:Rubens 1608:Giotto 1553:Gloria 1493:bromas 1484:pranks 1291:, and 1234:, and 963:. The 930:Coptic 859:Rachel 825:visit 525:Arrest 448:Prayer 269:in the 267:Events 251:Babies 76:First 9498:Karas 9415:Pambo 9335:Awgin 9293:Monks 9045:James 8837:Popes 8827:Wanas 8812:Varus 8777:Sarah 8747:Moura 8737:Menas 8622:Dasya 8476:Titus 8408:Simon 8398:Peter 8182:Nahum 8177:Jonah 8162:Micah 8152:Hosea 8147:David 8132:Moses 8100:Jacob 8095:Isaac 7734:Nahum 7729:Moses 7724:Micah 7704:Jonah 7674:Hosea 7649:David 7556:Soter 7496:Peter 7441:Linus 7416:Leo I 7266:Caius 7193:Popes 7166:David 7151:Jacob 7146:Isaac 6562:Caius 6271:Titus 6068:Simon 6058:Peter 5944:Saint 5534:Judea 5514:Egypt 5373:James 5368:Herod 4896:Bible 4555:Kutia 4454:drink 4082:Songs 4056:Music 3963:Italy 3819:Seals 3773:dolls 3703:Gifts 3643:Cards 3546:Elves 3410:Turoń 3380:Nisse 3345:Grýla 3241:Jesus 3053:Herod 2936:JSTOR 2217:p. 72 2197:p. 89 1846:Notes 1644:, by 1472:Spain 1271:, or 1210:Music 1048:Focus 1046:band 1028:Dutch 980:The " 914:Moses 855:Ramah 835:Magi. 801:. 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Index

Day of the Innocents
Massacre of the Innocents § Gallery
Holy Innocents Church

The Virgin and Child Surrounded by the Holy Innocents
Peter Paul Rubens
Martyrs
Bethlehem
Judea
Bethlehem
Judea
King Herod the Great
Infanticide
Catholic Church
Eastern Orthodoxy
Oriental Orthodoxy
Lutheranism
Anglicanism
Canonized
Pre-Congregation
Feast
West Syriac
East Syriac
Attributes
Martyr's palm
Crown of martyrdom
Patronage
Events
Life of Jesus
canonical gospels

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