150:
will lead to anterior crossbite where upon biting, upper teeth are behind the lower front teeth and may involve few or all frontal incisors. In this type of crossbite, the maxillary and mandibular proportions are normal to each other and to the cranial base. Another reason that may lead to a dental crossbite is crowding in the maxillary arch. Permanent teeth will tend to erupt lingual to the primary teeth in presence of crowding. Side-effects caused by dental crossbite can be increased recession on the buccal of lower incisors and higher chance of inflammation in the same area. Another term for an anterior crossbite due to dental interferences is
109:
43:
264:
occlusion in centric relation (CR) is key in diagnosis. For anterior crossbite, if their CO matches their CR then the patient truly has a skeletal component to their crossbite. If the CR shows a less severe class 3 malocclusion or teeth not in anterior crossbite, this may mean that their anterior crossbite results due to dental interferences.
162:
Single tooth crossbites can occur due to uneruption of a primary teeth in a timely manner which causes permanent tooth to erupt in a different eruption pattern which is lingual to the primary tooth. Single tooth crossbites are often fixed by using a finger-spring based appliances. This type of spring
247:
allows more space in an arch to relieve crowding and correct posterior crossbite. The correction can include any type of palatal expanders that will expand the palate which resolves the narrow constriction of the maxilla. There are several therapies that can be used to correct a posterior crossbite:
214:
Unilateral crossbite involves one side of the arch. The most common cause of unilateral crossbite is a narrow maxillary dental arch. This can happen due to habits such as digit sucking, prolonged use of pacifier or upper airway obstruction. Due to the discrepancy between the maxillary and mandibular
185:
and upper dental arch. A posterior crossbite can be unilateral, bilateral, single-tooth or entire segment crossbite. Posterior crossbite has been reported to occur between 7–23% of the population. The most common type of posterior crossbite to occur is the unilateral crossbite which occurs in 80% to
149:
An anterior crossbite due to dental component involves displacement of either maxillary central or lateral incisors lingual to their original erupting positions. This may happen due to delayed eruption of the primary teeth leading to permanent teeth moving lingual to their primary predecessors. This
263:
One of the keys in diagnosing the anterior crossbite due to skeletal vs dental causes is diagnosing a CR-CO shift in a patient. An adolescent presenting with anterior crossbite may be positioning their mandible forward into centric occlusion (CO) due to the dental interferences. Thus finding their
242:
A child with posterior crossbite should be treated immediately if the child shifts their mandible on closing, which is often seen in a unilateral crossbite as mentioned above. The best age to treat a child with crossbite is in their mixed dentition when their palatal sutures have not fused to each
171:
An anterior crossbite due to skeletal reasons will involve a deficient maxilla and a more hyperplastic or overgrown mandible. People with this type of crossbite will have dental compensation which involves proclined maxillary incisors and retroclined mandibular incisors. A proper diagnosis can be
190:. Posterior crossbite can occur due to either skeletal, dental or functional abnormalities. One of the common reasons for development of posterior crossbite is the size difference between maxilla and mandible, where maxilla is smaller than mandible. Posterior crossbite can result due to
287:
Literature states that very few crossbites tend to self-correct which often justify the treatment approach of correcting these bites as early as possible. Only 0–9% of crossbites self-correct. Lindner et al. reported that 50% of crossbites were corrected in 76 four-year-old children.
180:
Bjork defined posterior crossbite as a malocclusion where the buccal cusps of canine, premolar and molar of upper teeth occlude lingually to the buccal cusps of canine, premolar and molar of lower teeth. Posterior crossbite is often correlated to a narrow
656:
Thilander, Birgit; Lennartsson, Bertil (2002-09-01). "A study of children with unilateral posterior crossbite, treated and untreated, in the deciduous dentition--occlusal and skeletal characteristics of significance in predicting the long-term outcome".
132:
An anterior crossbite in a child with baby teeth or mixed dentition may happen due to either dental misalignment or skeletal misalignment. Dental causes may be due to displacement of one or two teeth, where skeletal causes involve either
832:
Ogaard, B.; Larsson, E.; Lindsten, R. (1994-08-01). "The effect of sucking habits, cohort, sex, intercanine arch widths, and breast or bottle feeding on posterior crossbite in
Norwegian and Swedish 3-year-old children".
279:. This splint has flat occlusal surface which causes the muscles to deprogram themselves and establish new sensory engrams. When the splint is removed, a proper centric relation bite can be diagnosed from the bite.
903:
Brin, Ilana; Ben-Bassat, Yocheved; Blustein, Yoel; Ehrlich, Jacob; Hochman, Nira; Marmary, Yitzhak; Yaffe, Avinoam (1996-02-01). "Skeletal and functional effects of treatment for unilateral posterior crossbite".
1192:
1180:
939:
Pullinger, A. G.; Seligman, D. A.; Gornbein, J. A. (1993-06-01). "A multiple logistic regression analysis of the risk and relative odds of temporomandibular disorders as a function of common occlusal features".
267:
Goal to treat unilateral crossbites should definitely include removal of occlusal interferences and elimination of the functional shift. Treating posterior crossbites early may help prevent the occurrence of
194:
Upper Airway
Obstruction where people with "adenoid faces" who have trouble breathing through their nose. They have an open bite malocclusion and present with development of posterior crossbite.
172:
made by having a person bite into their centric relation will show mandibular incisors ahead of the maxillary incisors, which will show the skeletal discrepancy between the two jaws.
1921:
2053:
1389:
216:
1994:
786:
Bresolin, D.; Shapiro, P. A.; Shapiro, G. G.; Chapko, M. K.; Dassel, S. (1983-04-01). "Mouth breathing in allergic children: its relationship to dentofacial development".
1354:
186:
97% of the posterior crossbite cases. Posterior crossbites also occur most commonly in primary and mixed dentition. This type of crossbite usually presents with a
276:
2046:
708:
Thilander, Birgit; Wahlund, Sonja; Lennartsson, Bertil (1984-01-01). "The effect of early interceptive treatment in children with posterior cross-bite".
1926:
1931:
1625:
1344:
1349:
1871:
1118:
Lindner, A. (1989-10-01). "Longitudinal study on the effect of early interceptive treatment in 4-year-old children with unilateral cross-bite".
97:
2039:
430:
Zietsman, S. T.; Visagé, W.; Coetzee, W. J. (2000-11-01). "Palatal finger springs in removable orthodontic appliances--an in vitro study".
92:
position (that is, the tooth is either closer to the cheek or to the tongue) than its corresponding antagonist tooth in the upper or lower
1569:
1605:
1977:
1972:
1460:
751:
Allen, David; Rebellato, Joe; Sheats, Rose; Ceron, Ana M. (2003-10-01). "Skeletal and dental contributions to posterior crossbites".
877:
1235:
215:
arch, neuromuscular guidance of the mandible causes mandible to shift towards the side of the crossbite. This is also known as
1962:
1947:
353:"Malocclusion and occlusal traits in an urban Iranian population. An epidemiological study of 11- to 14-year-old children"
1048:
Kennedy, David B.; Osepchook, Matthew (2005-09-01). "Unilateral posterior crossbite with mandibular shift: a review".
887:
635:
269:
2199:
1952:
1283:
1706:
581:
Bjoerk, A.; Krebs, A.; Solow, B. (1964-02-01). "A Method for
Epidemiological Registration of Malocculusion".
395:
Kutin, George; Hawes, Roland R. (1969-11-01). "Posterior cross-bites in the deciduous and mixed dentitions".
1298:
1278:
256:, removable plates, clear aligner therapy, or a Delaire mask. The correct therapy should be decided by the
163:
can be attached to a removable appliance which is used by patient every day to correct the tooth position.
2020:
1957:
17:
1967:
1761:
1228:
1465:
297:
1876:
1559:
1541:
2004:
1554:
1505:
1490:
1430:
2220:
1999:
1480:
1334:
1263:
991:
COSTEA, CARMEN MARIA; BADEA, MĂŽNDRA EUGENIA; VASILACHE, SORIN; MESAROĹž, MICHAELA (2016-01-01).
219:. This shift can become structural if left untreated for a long time during growth, leading to
134:
89:
85:
1831:
1221:
2116:
1881:
1525:
1515:
1475:
1410:
1374:
1369:
138:
8:
1731:
1691:
1681:
1564:
1415:
1196:
2148:
1916:
1856:
1851:
1485:
1273:
1201:
1131:
1025:
992:
973:
690:
558:
525:
501:
466:
917:
846:
197:
Prolong digit or suckling habits which can lead to constriction of maxilla posteriorly
2143:
1906:
1841:
1826:
1821:
1796:
1751:
1676:
1661:
1574:
1435:
1143:
1135:
1100:
1092:
1065:
1057:
1030:
1012:
965:
957:
921:
883:
858:
850:
811:
803:
799:
768:
760:
733:
725:
682:
674:
631:
606:
598:
563:
545:
506:
488:
447:
439:
412:
408:
374:
302:
244:
55:
977:
694:
2031:
1896:
1886:
1746:
1726:
1721:
1651:
1646:
1620:
1520:
1495:
1455:
1127:
1020:
1004:
949:
913:
842:
795:
717:
666:
590:
553:
537:
496:
478:
404:
364:
223:
asymmetries. Unilateral crossbites can present with following features in a child
108:
2153:
2080:
1891:
1866:
1846:
1836:
1686:
1600:
1595:
1384:
1303:
1258:
953:
625:
2062:
1816:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1711:
1696:
1470:
1405:
670:
594:
541:
350:
2214:
2177:
2111:
1901:
1806:
1791:
1756:
1741:
1666:
1590:
1420:
1364:
1308:
1139:
1096:
1061:
1016:
961:
854:
807:
764:
729:
678:
602:
549:
492:
483:
443:
249:
1671:
275:
Unilateral crossbites can also be diagnosed and treated properly by using a
2090:
2085:
1911:
1801:
1736:
1716:
1656:
1641:
1445:
1425:
1379:
1293:
1288:
1268:
1244:
1069:
1034:
772:
686:
610:
567:
510:
451:
378:
327:
307:
257:
117:
77:
60:
1147:
1104:
969:
925:
862:
815:
737:
416:
2172:
1861:
1811:
1786:
1701:
1359:
721:
369:
352:
351:
Borzabadi-Farahani A, Borzabadi-Farahani A, Eslamipour F (October 2009).
121:
93:
1172:
1781:
1549:
1500:
1450:
1440:
1008:
253:
993:"Effects of CO-CR discrepancy in daily orthodontic treatment planning"
2138:
2095:
1510:
69:
1083:
Nielsen, H. J.; Bakke, M.; Blixencrone-Møller, T. (1991-12-01). "".
2192:
2130:
1324:
467:"Management of anterior dental crossbite with removable appliances"
220:
188:
functional shift of the mandible towards the side of the crossbite
2126:
1615:
1610:
1329:
182:
1213:
1184:
1082:
902:
81:
1995:
American
Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
906:
American
Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
876:
Piancino, Maria Grazia; Kyrkanides, Stephanos (2016-04-18).
835:
American
Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
785:
42:
990:
879:
Understanding
Masticatory Function in Unilateral Crossbites
707:
2066:
938:
750:
328:"Elsevier: Proffit: Contemporary Orthodontics · Welcome"
465:
Ulusoy, Ayca Tuba; Bodrumlu, Ebru Hazar (2013-01-01).
831:
429:
260:
depending on the type and severity of the crossbite.
2061:
1162:
655:
875:
120:, and is typical of class III skeletal relations (
209:
2212:
1047:
580:
27:Left-right misalignment of upper and lower teeth
464:
2047:
1229:
227:Lower midline deviation to the crossbite side
523:
127:
2054:
2040:
1236:
1222:
394:
152:Pseudo Class III Crossbite or Malocclusion
41:
1978:Society for Orthodontic Dental Technology
1973:Italian Academy of Orthodontic Technology
1461:List of orthodontic functional appliances
1024:
557:
500:
482:
368:
157:
116:An anterior crossbite can be referred as
107:
1120:Scandinavian Journal of Dental Research
1117:
204:
14:
2213:
623:
175:
2035:
1963:Canadian Association of Orthodontists
1948:American Association of Orthodontists
1217:
1050:Journal (Canadian Dental Association)
827:
825:
524:Al-Hummayani, Fadia M. (2017-03-05).
166:
103:
710:The European Journal of Orthodontics
651:
649:
647:
390:
388:
252:, 'Z' spring or cantilever spring,
200:Prolong pacifier use (beyond age 4)
144:
100:misalignment of the dental arches.
24:
1132:10.1111/j.1600-0722.1989.tb01457.x
822:
282:
25:
2232:
1158:
644:
385:
270:Temporomandibular joint pathology
230:Class 2 Subdivision relationships
96:. In other words, crossbite is a
2200:Temporomandibular joint disorder
1243:
788:American Journal of Orthodontics
659:Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics
630:. Year Book Medical Publishers.
624:Moyers, Robert E. (1988-01-01).
397:American Journal of Orthodontics
357:European Journal of Orthodontics
332:www.contemporaryorthodontics.com
1111:
1076:
1041:
984:
932:
896:
869:
779:
744:
701:
526:"Pseudo Class III malocclusion"
471:Contemporary Clinical Dentistry
112:Class 1 with anterior crossbite
1953:American Board of Orthodontics
617:
583:Acta Odontologica Scandinavica
574:
517:
458:
423:
344:
320:
210:Unilateral posterior crossbite
50:Unilateral posterior crossbite
13:
1:
1707:Harold Chapman (Orthodontist)
1390:Temperomandibular dysfunction
918:10.1016/S0889-5406(96)70178-6
847:10.1016/S0889-5406(94)70034-6
313:
1299:Standard anatomical position
1279:Failure of eruption of teeth
954:10.1177/00220345930720061301
800:10.1016/0002-9416(83)90229-4
432:South African Dental Journal
409:10.1016/0002-9416(69)90210-3
237:
233:Temporomandibular disorders
7:
2021:Angle School of Orthodontia
1958:British Orthodontic Society
1284:Little's Irregularity Index
291:
217:Functional mandibular shift
10:
2237:
1968:Indian Orthodontic Society
1762:John Hooper (Orthodontist)
942:Journal of Dental Research
2162:
2125:
2104:
2073:
2013:
1987:
1940:
1634:
1583:
1534:
1466:List of palatal expanders
1398:
1317:
1251:
1166:
882:. John Wiley & Sons.
671:10.1007/s00056-002-0210-6
595:10.3109/00016356408993963
542:10.15537/smj.2016.4.13685
298:List of palatal expanders
54:
49:
40:
35:
2169:Jaw and base of cranium
1877:Frederick Lester Stanton
1560:Intrusion (orthodontics)
1542:Anchorage (orthodontics)
627:Handbook of orthodontics
484:10.4103/0976-237X.114855
141:or combination of both.
128:Primary/mixed dentitions
2005:Journal of Orthodontics
1555:Interproximal reduction
1491:Palatal lift prosthesis
2000:The Angle Orthodontist
1481:Orthodontic technology
1355:Bimaxillary Protrusion
1264:Cephalometric analysis
753:The Angle Orthodontist
158:Single tooth crossbite
135:mandibular hyperplasia
113:
84:(or teeth) has a more
1832:Frederick Bogue Noyes
530:Saudi Medical Journal
111:
2117:Maxillary hypoplasia
1882:Earl Emanuel Shepard
1635:Notable contributors
1546:Cantilever mechanics
1526:Twin Block Appliance
1516:Self-ligating braces
1375:Condylar hyperplasia
1370:Maxillary hypoplasia
277:Deprogramming splint
205:Connections with TMD
139:maxillary hypoplasia
1732:John Nutting Farrar
1692:Charles J. Burstone
1682:Holly Broadbent Sr.
1565:Molar distalization
1416:Activator appliance
176:Posterior crossbite
2149:Torus mandibularis
1917:Robert M. Ricketts
1857:Alfred Paul Rogers
1852:Robert M. Ricketts
1486:Orthodontic spacer
1274:Dentition analysis
1009:10.15386/cjmed-538
722:10.1093/ejo/6.1.25
370:10.1093/ejo/cjp031
167:Skeletal crossbite
114:
104:Anterior crossbite
2208:
2207:
2144:Congenital epulis
2029:
2028:
1907:Edmund H. Wuerpel
1842:Herbert A. Pullen
1827:Dean Harold Noyes
1822:George Northcroft
1797:James A. McNamara
1752:Charles A. Hawley
1677:Charles B. Bolton
1662:Hans Peter Bimler
1575:Serial extraction
1436:Frankel appliance
1211:
1210:
303:Palatal expansion
245:Palatal expansion
66:
65:
30:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
2228:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2033:
2032:
1897:Charles H. Tweed
1887:Cecil C. Steiner
1747:Thomas M. Graber
1727:William B. Downs
1722:Terry Dischinger
1652:Clifford Ballard
1647:Spencer Atkinson
1521:Splint activator
1496:Palatal expander
1456:Herbst Appliance
1238:
1231:
1224:
1215:
1214:
1164:
1163:
1152:
1151:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1045:
1039:
1038:
1028:
988:
982:
981:
936:
930:
929:
900:
894:
893:
873:
867:
866:
829:
820:
819:
783:
777:
776:
748:
742:
741:
705:
699:
698:
653:
642:
641:
621:
615:
614:
578:
572:
571:
561:
521:
515:
514:
504:
486:
462:
456:
455:
427:
421:
420:
392:
383:
382:
372:
348:
342:
341:
339:
338:
324:
145:Dental crossbite
118:negative overjet
45:
33:
32:
21:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2211:
2210:
2209:
2204:
2158:
2154:Torus palatinus
2121:
2100:
2081:Jaw abnormality
2069:
2060:
2030:
2025:
2009:
1983:
1936:
1932:C. Philip Adams
1892:David L. Turpin
1867:Everett Shapiro
1847:Earl W. Renfroe
1837:Albin Oppenheim
1687:Allan G. Brodie
1630:
1626:Dental elastics
1601:Stainless steel
1596:Nickel titanium
1579:
1530:
1394:
1385:Mouth breathing
1345:Dental crowding
1313:
1304:Tooth ankylosis
1259:Bolton analysis
1247:
1242:
1212:
1207:
1206:
1175:
1161:
1156:
1155:
1116:
1112:
1091:(18): 877–881.
1085:Tandlaegebladet
1081:
1077:
1046:
1042:
989:
985:
937:
933:
901:
897:
890:
874:
870:
830:
823:
784:
780:
749:
745:
706:
702:
654:
645:
638:
622:
618:
579:
575:
522:
518:
463:
459:
438:(11): 621–627.
428:
424:
393:
386:
349:
345:
336:
334:
326:
325:
321:
316:
294:
285:
283:Self-correction
240:
212:
207:
178:
169:
160:
147:
130:
106:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2234:
2224:
2223:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2135:
2133:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2065:involving the
2063:Dental disease
2059:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2036:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2017:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1817:Ravindra Nanda
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1777:Albert Ketcham
1774:
1772:Harold Kesling
1769:
1767:Joseph Jarabak
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1712:David Di Biase
1709:
1704:
1699:
1697:Peter Buschang
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1587:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1544:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1471:Lingual braces
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1406:ACCO appliance
1402:
1400:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1350:Dental spacing
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1321:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1241:
1240:
1233:
1226:
1218:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1189:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1167:Classification
1160:
1159:External links
1157:
1154:
1153:
1126:(5): 432–438.
1110:
1075:
1056:(8): 569–573.
1040:
1003:(2): 279–286.
997:Clujul Medical
983:
948:(6): 968–979.
931:
912:(2): 173–179.
895:
888:
868:
841:(2): 161–166.
821:
794:(4): 334–340.
778:
759:(5): 515–524.
743:
700:
665:(5): 371–383.
643:
636:
616:
573:
536:(4): 450–456.
516:
477:(2): 223–226.
457:
422:
403:(5): 491–504.
384:
343:
318:
317:
315:
312:
311:
310:
305:
300:
293:
290:
284:
281:
239:
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129:
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105:
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64:
63:
58:
52:
51:
47:
46:
38:
37:
29:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2233:
2222:
2221:Jaw disorders
2219:
2218:
2216:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2185:
2183:
2179:
2178:Retrognathism
2176:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2112:Micrognathism
2110:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2057:
2052:
2050:
2045:
2043:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2006:
2003:
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1998:
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1993:
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1990:
1986:
1979:
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1974:
1971:
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1966:
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1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:Organizations
1939:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1927:Häns Pancherz
1925:
1923:
1922:Kevin O'Brien
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1902:Katherine Vig
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1872:L. F. Andrews
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
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1855:
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1823:
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1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1807:Robert Moyers
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1792:Benno Lischer
1790:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1757:Reed Holdaway
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1742:Sheldon Friel
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
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1715:
1713:
1710:
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1705:
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1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1667:Samir Bishara
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
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1640:
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1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1591:Beta-titanium
1589:
1588:
1586:
1582:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
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1409:
1407:
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1401:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1365:Retrognathism
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1310:
1309:Tongue thrust
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
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1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1227:
1225:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1114:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1079:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1044:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
987:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
935:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
899:
891:
889:9781118971871
885:
881:
880:
872:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
828:
826:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
782:
774:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
747:
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
704:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
652:
650:
648:
639:
637:9780815160038
633:
629:
628:
620:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
577:
569:
565:
560:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
520:
512:
508:
503:
498:
494:
490:
485:
480:
476:
472:
468:
461:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
426:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
391:
389:
380:
376:
371:
366:
363:(5): 477–84.
362:
358:
354:
347:
333:
329:
323:
319:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
295:
289:
280:
278:
273:
271:
265:
261:
259:
255:
251:
246:
232:
229:
226:
225:
224:
222:
218:
199:
196:
193:
192:
191:
189:
184:
173:
164:
155:
153:
142:
140:
136:
125:
123:
119:
110:
101:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
76:is a form of
75:
71:
62:
59:
57:
53:
48:
44:
39:
34:
19:
2187:
2184:Dental arch
2091:Orthodontics
2086:malocclusion
1912:Won-Sik Yang
1802:Birte Melsen
1737:Rolf Frankel
1717:Jean Delaire
1657:Raymond Begg
1642:Edward Angle
1446:Lingual arch
1426:Damon system
1380:Overeruption
1339:
1294:Scissor bite
1289:Malocclusion
1269:Cephalometry
1245:Orthodontics
1191:
1179:
1123:
1119:
1113:
1088:
1084:
1078:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1000:
996:
986:
945:
941:
934:
909:
905:
898:
878:
871:
838:
834:
791:
787:
781:
756:
752:
746:
716:(1): 25–34.
713:
709:
703:
662:
658:
626:
619:
586:
582:
576:
533:
529:
519:
474:
470:
460:
435:
431:
425:
400:
396:
360:
356:
346:
335:. Retrieved
331:
322:
308:Malocclusion
286:
274:
266:
262:
258:orthodontist
241:
213:
187:
179:
170:
161:
151:
148:
131:
115:
78:malocclusion
73:
67:
61:Orthodontics
2173:Prognathism
2014:Institution
1862:Ronald Roth
1812:Hayes Nance
1787:Craven Kurz
1702:Calvin Case
1360:Prognathism
122:prognathism
94:dental arch
18:Cross bites
1782:Juri Kurol
1672:Arne Björk
1550:Fiberotomy
1535:Procedures
1501:Quad helix
1451:Lip bumper
1441:Invisalign
1399:Appliances
1318:Conditions
337:2016-12-11
314:References
254:quad helix
2188:Crossbite
2139:Cherubism
2096:Gnathitis
1980:(Germany)
1621:Composite
1584:Materials
1511:SureSmile
1340:Crossbite
1335:Open bite
1252:Diagnosis
1140:0029-845X
1097:0039-9353
1062:1488-2159
1017:1222-2119
962:0022-0345
855:0889-5406
808:0002-9416
765:0003-3219
730:0141-5387
679:1434-5293
603:0001-6357
589:: 27–41.
550:0379-5284
493:0976-237X
444:1029-4864
238:Treatment
74:crossbite
70:dentistry
56:Specialty
36:Crossbite
2215:Category
2193:Overbite
2131:Mandible
1988:Journals
1606:TiMolium
1506:Retainer
1476:Headgear
1431:Elastics
1411:Archwire
1325:Overbite
1070:16202196
1035:27152081
978:25351006
773:14580018
695:21857769
687:12297966
611:14158468
568:27052290
511:24015014
452:12608226
379:19477970
292:See also
221:skeletal
80:where a
2127:Maxilla
2074:General
1616:Ceramic
1611:Elgiloy
1330:Overjet
1188:: K07.2
1148:2617141
1105:1817382
1026:4849388
970:8496480
926:8638566
863:8059752
816:6573147
738:6583062
559:4852025
502:3757887
417:5261162
243:other.
183:maxilla
98:lateral
90:lingual
1421:Braces
1202:524.27
1146:
1138:
1103:
1095:
1068:
1060:
1033:
1023:
1015:
976:
968:
960:
924:
886:
861:
853:
814:
806:
771:
763:
736:
728:
693:
685:
677:
634:
609:
601:
566:
556:
548:
509:
499:
491:
450:
442:
415:
377:
250:braces
86:buccal
2163:Other
1570:SARPE
974:S2CID
691:S2CID
82:tooth
2129:and
2105:Size
1197:9-CM
1144:PMID
1136:ISSN
1101:PMID
1093:ISSN
1066:PMID
1058:ISSN
1031:PMID
1013:ISSN
966:PMID
958:ISSN
922:PMID
884:ISBN
859:PMID
851:ISSN
812:PMID
804:ISSN
769:PMID
761:ISSN
734:PMID
726:ISSN
683:PMID
675:ISSN
632:ISBN
607:PMID
599:ISSN
564:PMID
546:ISSN
507:PMID
489:ISSN
448:PMID
440:ISSN
413:PMID
375:PMID
2067:jaw
1193:ICD
1181:ICD
1128:doi
1021:PMC
1005:doi
950:doi
914:doi
910:109
843:doi
839:106
796:doi
718:doi
667:doi
591:doi
554:PMC
538:doi
497:PMC
479:doi
405:doi
365:doi
124:).
88:or
68:In
2217::
1200::
1185:10
1142:.
1134:.
1124:97
1122:.
1099:.
1089:95
1087:.
1064:.
1054:71
1052:.
1029:.
1019:.
1011:.
1001:89
999:.
995:.
972:.
964:.
956:.
946:72
944:.
920:.
908:.
857:.
849:.
837:.
824:^
810:.
802:.
792:83
790:.
767:.
757:73
755:.
732:.
724:.
712:.
689:.
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663:63
661:.
646:^
605:.
597:.
587:22
585:.
562:.
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534:37
532:.
528:.
505:.
495:.
487:.
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436:55
434:.
411:.
401:56
399:.
387:^
373:.
361:31
359:.
355:.
330:.
272:.
154:.
137:,
72:,
2055:e
2048:t
2041:v
1237:e
1230:t
1223:v
1195:-
1183:-
1173:D
1150:.
1130::
1107:.
1072:.
1037:.
1007::
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928:.
916::
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845::
818:.
798::
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740:.
720::
714:6
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669::
640:.
613:.
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481::
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407::
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20:)
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