250:
can be performed once the active condylar growth has finished in some cases. The point of this surgery to wait as long as the condyle is growing and only do surgery when the condyle stops growing, so the chances of any worsening of facial asymmetry lessens. This option, however, does include a person
150:
and Makek classified condylar hyperplasia into three categories, listed in the table below. Type 1 develops its characteristics from the horizontal vector, and Type 2 develops its characteristics from the vertical vector. Type 1 CH occurs much more common (15x) than Type 2 CH. Wolford et al. in 2014,
105:
Condylar hyperplasia has an unknown cause. Several theories exist in literature which related to the cause of condylar hyperplasia. One theory states that an event of a trauma leading to increase in number of repair mechanism and hormones in that area may lead to increase in growth of mandible on
134:
are taken along with other data before a patient is diagnosed for
Condylar Hyperplasia. In SPECT imaging, an increase uptake of the isotope is seen on the affected in comparison to the non-affected side. A difference of at least 10% or a minimum ratio of 55% to 45% uptake of
805:
Pereira-Santos, Darklilson; De Melo, Willian Morais; Souza, Francisley Avila; de Moura, Walter Leal; Cravinhos, Julio César de Paulo (July 2013). "High condylectomy procedure: a valuable resource for surgical management of the mandibular condylar hyperplasia".
96:
In 1986, Obwegeser and Makek specifically detailed two hemimandibular anomalies, hemimandibular hyperplasia and hemimandibular elongation. These anomalies can be clinically present in a pure form or in combination.
151:
developed an updated classification of condylar hyperplasia. In 1986, Slootweg & Muller devised a histopathological classification which allows the condylar tissues to be classified into specific categories.
73:
which are known as growth centers of the mandible. When growth at the condyle exceeds its normal time span, it is referred to as condylar hyperplasia. The most common form of condylar hyperplasia is
849:
Wolford, Larry M.; Mehra, Pushkar; Reiche-Fischel, Oscar; Morales-Ryan, Carlos A.; García-Morales, Patricia (February 2002). "Efficacy of high condylectomy for management of condylar hyperplasia".
676:
Hodder, S. C.; Rees, J. I.; Oliver, T. B.; Facey, P. E.; Sugar, A. W. (April 2000). "SPECT bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis and management of mandibular condylar hyperplasia".
325:
Landesberg, R.; Proctor, R. L.; Rosier, R. N.; Puzas, J. E. (1995-01-01). "The mandibular condylar growth center: Separation and characterization of the cellular elements".
139:
is seen when comparing affected vs non-affected side respectively. An uptake of more than 55% and difference of at least 10% indicates an active condylar growth.
255:
can also be done which involves removing part of the growing condyle to arrest any active growth. Sometimes condylectomy can be done in conjunction with
276:
Olate, Sergio; Netto, Henrique Duque; Rodriguez-Chessa, Jaime; Alister, Juan Pablo; de
Albergaria-Barbosa, Jose; de Moraes, Márcio (2013-09-25).
110:
can lead to increase in expression of bone forming molecules. Condylar hyperplasia predominantly affects women with 64% of patients being women.
252:
69:. It was first described by Robert Adams in 1836 who related it to the overdevelopment of mandible. In humans, the mandibular bone has two
719:
Wolford, Larry M.; Movahed, Reza; Perez, Daniel E. (2014-03-01). "A classification system for conditions causing condylar hyperplasia".
123:
17:
532:
Scapino, Robert P. (1983-04-01). "Histopathology associated with malposition of the human temporomandibular joint disc".
424:
Olate, Sergio; Almeida, Andrés; Alister, Juan Pablo; Navarro, Pablo; Netto, Henrique Duque; de Moraes, Márcio (2013).
259:
repositioning and orthognathic surgery to treat patients with mandibular hyperplasia, such as shown by
Wolford et al.
762:
Slootweg, P. J.; Müller, H. (August 1986). "Condylar hyperplasia. A clinico-pathological analysis of 22 cases".
118:
Diagnosis of asymmetry can be done through many different methods. PA cephalometry, panoramic radiograph, and
127:
251:
living with the facial asymmetry features all the way up until 18 to 19 years of age. A procedure called
122:
are some of the techniques that can be used for diagnosis. Primarily nuclear imaging techniques such as
381:
Obwegeser, H. L.; Makek, M. S. (1986-08-01). "Hemimandibular hyperplasia--hemimandibular elongation".
426:"Facial asymmetry and condylar hyperplasia: considerations for diagnosis in 27 consecutives patients"
107:
93:. It is estimated that about 30% of people with facial asymmetry express condylar hyperplasia.
898:
247:
8:
475:"Management of patients with condylar hyperplasia: A diverse experience with 18 patients"
601:
568:
509:
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450:
425:
358:
302:
277:
775:
394:
874:
866:
831:
823:
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693:
658:
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606:
588:
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307:
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131:
858:
815:
771:
728:
685:
640:
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541:
504:
486:
445:
390:
362:
334:
297:
78:
819:
119:
732:
584:
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147:
136:
82:
892:
870:
827:
783:
740:
697:
654:
592:
500:
441:
402:
346:
293:
278:"Mandible condylar hyperplasia: a review of diagnosis and treatment protocol"
862:
645:
628:
491:
878:
835:
748:
705:
689:
662:
610:
518:
459:
311:
791:
629:"Bone Scintigraphy SPECT/CT Evaluation of Mandibular Condylar Hyperplasia"
553:
410:
354:
58:
338:
848:
567:
Almeida, Luis
Eduardo; Zacharias, Joseph; Pierce, Sean (2017-05-25).
106:
that side. Another theory states that an increase in loading of the
62:
804:
275:
70:
627:
Yang, Zhiyun; Reed, Tameron; Longino, Becky H. (March 2016).
66:
851:
American
Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
324:
85:
et al. classified condylar hyperplasia into two categories:
569:"Condylar hyperplasia: An updated review of the literature"
430:
International
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
282:
International
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
423:
246:
Many treatment options exist for this type of condition.
77:
where one condyle overgrows the other condyle leading to
678:
The
British Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
566:
202:- Supra-eruption of maxillary molars on affected side
675:
718:
235:- Combination of excessive growth in both vectors
231:- Sloping rima oris with possible chin deviation
472:
890:
200:- Sloping rima oris with minimal chin deviation
626:
761:
380:
182:- Posterior crossbite on contralateral side
622:
620:
226:- Chin deviation towards contralateral side
186:- Excessive growth in the horizontal vector
177:- Chin deviation towards contralateral side
534:Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology
473:Alyamani, Ahmed; Abuzinada, Sondos (2012).
179:- Midline shift towards contralateral side
212:- Excessive growth in the vertical vector
124:single-photon emission computed tomography
27:Over-enlargement of the jawbone (mandible)
721:Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
644:
617:
600:
508:
490:
449:
301:
214:- Excessive growth in the condylar head
531:
14:
891:
633:Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
376:
374:
372:
808:The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
24:
857:(2): 136–150, discussion 150–151.
208:- Midline shift (minimal to none)
25:
910:
369:
188:- Enlarged ramus, normal condyle
142:
764:Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery
383:Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery
842:
798:
755:
712:
479:Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery
75:unilateral condylar hyperplasia
669:
573:Korean Journal of Orthodontics
560:
525:
466:
417:
327:Calcified Tissue International
318:
269:
13:
1:
776:10.1016/S0301-0503(86)80291-0
395:10.1016/S0301-0503(86)80290-9
262:
820:10.1097/SCS.0b013e318285d31f
546:10.1016/0030-4220(83)90193-7
241:
128:positron emission tomography
113:
7:
197:Hemimandibular hyperplasia
10:
915:
733:10.1016/j.joms.2013.09.002
585:10.4041/kjod.2015.45.6.333
174:Hemimandibular elongation
87:hemimandibular hyperplasia
91:hemimandibular elongation
40:
35:
100:
863:10.1067/mod.2002.118403
646:10.2967/jnmt.115.158691
492:10.4103/2231-0746.95311
108:temporomandibular joint
690:10.1054/bjom.1999.0209
166:Histological findings
55:mandibular hyperplasia
44:Mandibular hyperplasia
18:Mandibular hyperplasia
228:- Possible open bite
248:Orthognathic surgery
223:Combination of both
51:Condylar hyperplasia
36:Condylar hyperplasia
339:10.1007/BF00298747
163:Clinical findings
239:
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132:bone scintigraphy
48:
47:
30:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
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883:
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814:(4): 1451–1453.
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59:over-enlargement
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436:(10): 937–941.
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120:nuclear imaging
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770:(4): 209–214.
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727:(3): 567–595.
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579:(6): 333–340.
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540:(4): 382–397.
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389:(4): 183–208.
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288:(9): 727–737.
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257:articular disk
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143:Classification
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137:technetium-99m
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83:Hugo Obwegeser
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899:Orthodontics
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684:(2): 87–93.
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639:(1): 49–51.
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527:
485:(1): 17–23.
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333:(1): 71–77.
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253:condylectomy
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205:- Open bite
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95:
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65:bone in the
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50:
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130:(PET), and
41:Other names
263:References
871:0889-5406
828:1536-3732
784:0301-0503
741:1531-5053
698:0266-4356
655:1535-5675
593:2234-7518
501:2231-0746
442:1940-5901
403:0301-0503
347:0171-967X
294:1940-5901
242:Treatment
126:(SPECT),
114:Diagnosis
893:Category
879:11840126
836:23851829
749:24388179
706:10864700
663:26111714
611:26629479
519:23483790
460:24260600
312:24179565
71:condyles
63:mandible
792:3461098
602:4664909
554:6574416
510:3591071
451:3832331
411:3461097
363:9839753
355:7796350
303:3798207
220:Type 3
194:Type 2
171:Type 1
61:of the
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359:S2CID
160:Name
157:Type
101:Cause
67:skull
57:) is
875:PMID
867:ISSN
832:PMID
824:ISSN
788:PMID
780:ISSN
745:PMID
737:ISSN
702:PMID
694:ISSN
659:PMID
651:ISSN
607:PMID
589:ISSN
550:PMID
515:PMID
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456:PMID
438:ISSN
407:PMID
399:ISSN
351:PMID
343:ISSN
308:PMID
290:ISSN
89:and
859:doi
855:121
816:doi
772:doi
729:doi
686:doi
641:doi
597:PMC
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391:doi
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298:PMC
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