101:
522:
313:
133:
644:
161:, where they are taught how to maintain medical supplies and equipment, screen patients, implement patient care plans, treat medical conditions, administer diagnostic procedures, medications, and continuous infusions. They also learn how to manage airways and assist with minor surgical procedures setting up deployed medical facilities and treating casualties in an operational and CBRNE environment over the course of 47-48 weeks. They also earn the Primary Care Paramedic Level 1 certification. Advanced training can include, Preventive Medicine, Biomedical electronics, and Aviation Physiology, among others.
297:
and with the exception of a few tasks, they do everything that their assigned soldiers do from training to missions. They are the ones who would be the first to treat an injured person and direct their immediate medical care, and are often the first to recognize when something is wrong with one of their soldiers because they spend so much time with them. They may also be the subject matter expert in advising leaders of medical planning for missions. Their co-location with the troops they are assigned allows them to easily monitor ongoing health.
541:, a private humanitarian institution based in Switzerland, provided the first official symbol for medical personnel. The first Geneva Convention, originally called for "Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field", officially adopted the red cross on a field of white as the identifying emblem. This symbol was meant to signify to enemy combatants that the medic qualifies as a non-combatant, at least while providing medical care. Islamic countries use a Red Crescent instead, originating from the
398:
478:, established on June 23, 1917, and the Sanitary Corps, established on June 30, 1917. Officers of the Sanitary Corps served in medical logistics, hospital administration, patient administration, resource management, x-ray, laboratory engineering, physical reconstruction, gas defense, and venereal disease control. They were dedicated members of the medical team that enabled American generals to concentrate on enemy threats rather than epidemic threats. On August 4, 1947, Congress created the
663:. However, the enemies faced by professional armies in more recent conflicts are often insurgents who either do not recognize the Geneva Convention or choose not to adhere to it, and thus readily engage all personnel, irrespective of non-combatant status. As their non-combatant status is not respected, many US medics no longer wear non-combatant markings. This can enable medics to be used as medically trained soldiers, fighting aggressively rather than just in self-defence.
590:
25:
511:
83:
221:, and Physicians. Combat Paramedic Course, Special Operations Combat Medic Course, Prolonged Field Care Course, Flight Medic/Critical Care Course, and advanced Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC) such as cadaver labs are some of the educational opportunities available to medics as they progress, which include the use of goats as training aids due to their similarity to human physiology.
289:(BAS)/Treatment Medics function similar to an urgent care/ small emergency department depending on size and resources. Under the direction of the medical provider and team leaders or sergeants, they intake, triage, and stabilize or treat patients for transfer to another tier or discharge. Battalion Aid Stations are more mobile than
199:. Here, among other medical jobs, Army Combat Medics, Air Force Medical Technicians, and Navy Hospital Corpsman complete their respective medical training programs. While there are similarities in the training and skills, each branch also incorporates training specific to their services’ needs and mission.
501:
freeways. Early research attributed these differences in outcome to a number of factors, including comprehensive trauma care, rapid transport to designated trauma facilities, and a new type of medical corpsman, one who was trained to perform certain critical advanced medical procedures such as fluid
712:
aerospace medical services technicians have frequently served attached to U.S. Army units in recent conflicts. Though all combat medical personnel are universally referred to as "medic", within different branches of the U.S. military, the skill level, quality of training and scope of work performed
345:
specially trained for employment, should the need arise, as hospital orderlies, nurses or auxiliary stretcher-bearers, in the search for or the collection, transport or treatment of the wounded and sick shall likewise be respected and protected if they are carrying out these duties at the time when
442:
had the double duty of acting as stretcher-bearers to move the wounded to field hospitals and assisting surgeons operating on patients. However, the results of using musicians as medical assistants were uneven, and while some became adept in the role others were more hindrance than help. Surgeon
296:
Line medics are the most independent of the 3. Although they belong to
Headquarters, they are attached to other platoons within a company and oversee the medical care of the soldiers assigned to them which can be anywhere from 30 to 60 Soldiers. They become a part of the group they are assigned to
224:
Although most of the training translates into civilian certifications/licenses, medics often train and practice on skills and with medications outside of their civilian counterparts' scope of practice. Many programs are dedicated to and who provide preference for military medics transitioning into
655:
Medical personnel from most
Western nations carry weapons for protection of themselves and their patients but remain designated non-combatants, wearing the red cross, crescent or crystal. In the United States Armed Forces, MEDEVAC vehicles display a large Red Cross on a white background. However,
360:
In modern times, most combat medics carry a personal weapon, to be used to protect themselves and the wounded or sick in their care. By convention this is limited to small arms (including rifles). During World War II, for example, Allied medics serving the
European and Mediterranean areas usually
300:
Being a line medic requires them to carry whatever a regular soldier carries, in addition to an aid bag and other medical supplies. These medics must be very physically fit, and able to function well in highly stressful tactical situations. They are expected to be very independent and function on
682:
doctrine requires medics to carry one primary weapon and, if possible, a secondary weapon. It is also common to find
American combat medics who are no longer wearing the red or white cross because it is considered unethical to do so when the combat medic is carrying a weapon and could engage in
385:. In today's combat environment, many times non-conventional forces do not follow the Geneva Conventions, and actually deliberately target medical personnel identified by their equipment or insignia. Consequently, based on the tactical environment medics in some armies carry an
576:. For indicative use on foreign territory, any national society can incorporate its unique symbol into the Red Crystal. Under Protocol III, the MDA continues to employ the red Magen David for domestic use, and employs the Red Crystal on international relief missions.
123:
and health protection and evacuation from a point of injury or illness. Additionally, medics may also be responsible for the creation, oversight, and execution of long-term patient care plans in consultation with or in the absence of a readily available
278:/Detachment. The platoon is usually composed of three sections: Ambulance/Evac Section, Combat Medic/Line Medic Section, and the BAS/Treatment section. Each section is led by team leader, and the scope of practice all falls under the medical providers.
497:. Better known as "The White Paper" to emergency providers, it revealed that soldiers who were seriously wounded on the battlefields of Vietnam had a better survival rate than those individuals who were seriously injured in motor vehicle accidents on
128:
or advanced practice provider. Combat medics may be used in hospitals and clinics, where they have the opportunity to work in additional roles, such as operating medical and laboratory equipment and performing and assisting with
169:
Medical
Technicians may be posted to any Canadian ship, or base as part of the base emergency response or as part of a clinic or hospital. They can also be deployed as the medical detachment of an infantry platoon, as part of a
206:. Their scope is expanded upon by the medical provider(s) assigned to the unit, who oversees the protocols and training of assigned medical personnel. Army medics follow a career progression sequence, wherein each rank above
1214:"BRAC 2005 recommendations expand Fort Sam Houston to become DoD's premier medical training base and the home of Army installation management, and management of family support activities and community program"
281:
Ambulance/Evac medics function just like a civilian ambulance would. They are responsible for responding to and transporting patients from a point of injury to, as well as between medical care facilities.
431:) to aid those on the battlefield. Before Larrey's initiative in the 1790s, wounded soldiers were either left amid the fighting until the combat ended or their comrades would carry them to the rear line.
748:
Center & School. Although each service has some training particular to its branch, the bulk of the course material and instruction is shared between medical personnel of the different services.
486:
659:
Traditionally, most United States medical personnel also wore a distinguishing red cross, to denote their protection as non-combatants under the Geneva
Convention. This practice continued into
100:
455:, realized a need for an integrated medical treatment and evacuation system, equipped with dedicated vehicles, organizations, facilities, and personnel. The Letterman plan for a dedicated
408:
The Roman Army used combat medics which were referred to as
Capsarii after the box (capsa) of bandages which they carried. Forts could also have hospitals integrated into their designs.
346:
they come into contact with the enemy or fall into his hands." Article 29 reads: "Members of the personnel designated in
Article 25 who have fallen into the hands of the enemy, shall be
557:
202:
Although Combat Medics are certified at the
Emergency Medical Technician level upon graduation, their scope of practice often parallels and sometimes surpasses that of a
521:
1118:
474:
The United States Army's need for medical and scientific specialty officers to support combat operations resulted in the creation of two temporary components: the
293:, but have less resources available. They are intended to move as the unit advances, whereas a Combat Support Hospital would have a more long-term fixed position.
242:, and military treatment facilities and clinics where they can fulfill almost any role, from administrative duties to laboratory and medical equipment operations.
836:
1355:
568:
on a white background. To enable the MDA to become a fully recognized and participating member of the
International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement,
301:
their own as extensions of the provider. They make field diagnosis and manage the conditions appropriately, deferring to the provider when necessary.
549:
declared that it would use a red crescent instead of a red cross as its emblem, although it agreed to respect the red cross used by the opposing
600:
35:
1213:
717:
174:
helicopter team, or on a naval vessel. It is customary for soldiers to refer to their platoon medic as "Doc", similar to the US tradition.
1296:
webpage (90th Infantry Division Preservation Group website) – has links to other pages showing equipment of US, German and Japanese medics
153:
All Regular Force Medical Technicians begin training with the Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu,
1093:
995:
945:
920:
490:
1040:
Schroeder-Lein, G. R. (2008). The Encyclopedia of Civil War Medicine. United States: M. E. Sharpe Incorporated. p. 225-226
1348:
1089:
538:
304:
In the U.S. armed forces, service members in line units often refer to their assigned combat medic or hospital corpsman as "Doc."
745:
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90:
1188:
312:
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733:
132:
830:
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also implemented an ambulance corps, but it was plagued with shortages of men and materiel, making its job more difficult.
104:
1341:
1114:
825:
648:
1162:
1025:
975:
630:
542:
69:
373:, while the infantry level stretcher-bearers (Krankenträgern) and medical NCOs (Sanitätsunteroffiziere) were issued
651:
in 2009. Note that the medic lacks distinguishing features or medic insignia, to prevent targeting by insurgents.
1282:
1253:
STP 8-91W15-SM-TG SOLDIER'S MANUAL AND TRAINER'S GUIDE, MOS 91W, HEALTH CARE SPECIALIST, SKILL LEVELS 1/2/3/4/5
690:, not medics. The colloquial form of address for a Hospital Corpsman and Army Medics is "Doc". In the Army and
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643:
1428:
1418:
612:
157:. Then they begin Occupational training at The Canadian Forces Health Services Training Center in Borden,
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1616:
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Medics remain very versatile and may even diagnose illnesses and perform procedures usually performed by
1364:
721:
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replacement and airway management, which allowed the victim to survive the journey to definitive care.
479:
1287:
1403:
779:
463:, Maryland, where it proved its worth. Soon the U.S. Ambulance Corps became an integral part of the
381:
pistols. When and if they use their arms offensively, they then sacrifice their protection under the
1474:
1413:
815:
290:
51:
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ground forces do not display this due to increased targeting of medical personnel by insurgents.
468:
327:
1657:
1539:
729:
239:
188:
1385:
1300:
WW2 US Medical Research Centre - provides vast amounts of data relating to WW2 US Army Medics
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991:
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137:
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According to the Geneva Convention, knowingly firing at a medic wearing clear insignia is a
1501:
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769:
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275:
8:
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218:
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116:
94:
87:
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43:
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1021:
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207:
47:
1521:
1448:
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820:
741:
725:
561:
347:
263:
210:/Corporal (E4) comes with additional required knowledge, skills, and competencies.
192:
877:
863:
369:. The German medics (Sanitätssoldaten) in medical units were issued with standard
1621:
1564:
1549:
1511:
706:, it relies on Navy corpsmen and other Naval medical personnel for medical care.
698:
deploys FMF Hospital Corpsman attached to U.S. Marine Corps units as part of the
671:
are virtually indistinguishable from regular combat troops, except for the extra
439:
267:
255:
427:('flying ambulances'), in addition to a corps of trained and equipped soldiers (
416:
709:
550:
546:
514:
487:
Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society (1966)
397:
1269:
136:
Israel Defense Forces medical personnel coordinating relief efforts after the
1651:
1481:
1333:
891:
565:
370:
350:, but shall be employed on their medical duties insofar as the need arises."
341:
Chapter IV, Article 25 of the Geneva Convention states that: "Members of the
335:
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to save lives and alleviate the suffering of wounded and sick persons in the
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1590:
1544:
1375:
790:
660:
569:
444:
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225:
Paramedic, Registered Nurse (RN), and Physician Assistant (PA) educations.
120:
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378:
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has moved most medical training for all branches of the armed forces to
1486:
810:
498:
464:
386:
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119:
at a point of wounding in a combat or training environment, as well as
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official website (U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration)
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695:
679:
354:
259:
203:
125:
1569:
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510:
251:
564:, Israel's emergency relief service, use the "Magen David", a red
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pistol while those serving the Pacific theater carried pistols or
187:
All military medical training in the United States takes place at
16:
Military personnel who provide first aid and frontline trauma care
1115:"Customary IHL - Practice Relating to Rule 25. Medical Personnel"
1063:
505:
271:
171:
158:
82:
558:
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
992:"International Humanitarian Law - First 1949 Geneva Convention"
942:"International Humanitarian Law - First 1949 Geneva Convention"
917:"International Humanitarian Law - First 1949 Geneva Convention"
331:
320:
154:
238:
Medics may also be assigned to combat support hospital units,
1086:"International Humanitarian Law—First 1949 Geneva Convention"
736:
was constructed and the Air Force's 937th Training Group and
196:
34:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
1290:– a website run by Docs for Docs of all US military services
647:
A U.S. Army combat medic examining a young child during the
517:
medics wearing red cross armbands during an exercise in 2007
1299:
1283:
Official U.S. Army Home of the 68W - Health Care Specialist
1157:. Lebanon, NH: University Press of New England. p. 8.
892:"Who, What, Why: Does shooting goats save soldiers' lives?"
686:
In the U.S. Navy, enlisted medical personnel are known as
758:
713:
by medics varies from branch to branch and unit to unit.
664:
694:, this term is generally used as a sign of respect. The
556:
Although these symbols were officially sponsored by the
1309:
1304:
1189:"All military medical training roads now start at METC"
1314:
1310:
National Association of Emergency Medical Technicians
837:
United States Navy Amphibious Reconnaissance Corpsman
334:, as well as to protect trained medical personnel as
107:
providing treatment to a wounded Iraqi soldier, 2003.
1266:
United States Army in the Korean War: The Medics War
761:(Combat Medic, U.S. Army) (Field Medic, U.S. Army).
1326:is available for free viewing and download at the
1305:National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians
1018:The Roman Army: A Social and Institutional History
878:"Medical Technician | Canadian Armed Forces"
864:"Medical Technician | Canadian Armed Forces"
401:Capsarii depicted tending to injured soldiers on
250:When assigned to non-medical field units such as
1649:
1294:90th Infantry Division / 315th Medical Battalion
1020:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 235.
1268:(1987), full-scale scholarly official history;
459:was first implemented in September 1862 at the
307:
1363:
506:Red Cross, Red Crescent, and Red Star of David
182:
1349:
702:. Since the U.S. Marine Corps is part of the
597:The examples and perspective in this section
326:In 1864, sixteen European states adopted the
32:The examples and perspective in this article
1155:Saber's Edge: A Combat Medic in Ramadi, Iraq
1141:Saber's Edge: A Combat Medic in Ramadi, Iraq
1356:
1342:
615:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
1186:
1152:
970:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. p. 54.
631:Learn how and when to remove this message
485:In the United States, a report entitled "
70:Learn how and when to remove this message
1090:International Committee of the Red Cross
1015:
642:
572:was adopted, authorizing the use of the
539:International Committee of the Red Cross
520:
509:
396:
311:
233:
131:
99:
81:
1034:
965:
665:Combat Medics in the United States Army
1650:
1049:Schroeder-Lein, G. R. (2008), p. 14-15
968:World War II US Army Combat Equipments
423:to develop mobile field hospitals, or
1434:Advanced emergency medical technician
1337:
734:Medical Education and Training Campus
678:The modern-day interpretation of the
1121:from the original on 18 October 2016
831:United States Navy Hospital Corpsman
669:United States Navy Hospital Corpsmen
583:
274:are organic to the Headquarters and
18:
13:
1258:
826:United States Air Force Pararescue
14:
1674:
1276:
1315:NHTSA Emergency Medical Services
588:
228:
177:
23:
1206:
1180:
1171:
1146:
1133:
1107:
1096:from the original on 2011-09-03
1078:
1060:"The World War II Combat Medic"
1052:
1043:
998:from the original on 2011-08-16
948:from the original on 2011-11-12
923:from the original on 2011-11-12
533:featuring a red crescent emblem
338:, in the act of rendering aid.
270:, the personnel of the medical
1323:Big Picture: Blood and Bullets
1139:Middleton, Thomas A. (2010).
1009:
984:
959:
934:
909:
884:
870:
856:
744:, joining the Army's existing
245:
164:
1:
1191:. Aetc.af.mil. Archived from
844:
579:
389:in addition to their pistol.
115:is responsible for providing
1429:Emergency medical technician
1419:Emergency medical dispatcher
849:
833:(U.S. Navy and Marine Corps)
491:National Academy of Sciences
429:infirmiers tenues de service
328:first-ever Geneva Convention
308:Geneva Convention protection
7:
1617:Critical emergency medicine
1535:Kendrick extrication device
1507:Nontransporting EMS vehicle
1497:Light horse field ambulance
1424:Emergency medical responder
759:68W – Healthcare Specialist
751:
738:Naval Hospital Corps School
611:, discuss the issue on the
476:U.S. Army Ambulance Service
183:Training and certifications
148:
117:emergency medical treatment
105:U.S. Navy Hospital Corpsman
46:, discuss the issue on the
10:
1679:
1365:Emergency medical services
1246:
1153:Middleton, Thomas (2009).
1117:. ihl-databases.icrc.org.
722:U.S. Department of Defense
480:Navy Medical Service Corps
451:, Medical Director of the
392:
319:field doctors training in
1604:
1578:
1520:
1457:
1404:Certified first responder
1394:
1371:
782:– British Army Equivalent
780:Combat Medical Technician
495:National Research Council
143:
1414:Emergency care assistant
994:. Icrc.org. 1949-08-12.
966:Rottman, Gordon (2016).
944:. Icrc.org. 1949-08-12.
919:. Icrc.org. 1949-08-12.
816:Royal Army Medical Corps
765:Ambulance – Military use
716:As a result of the 2005
291:Combat Support Hospitals
93:team at work during the
786:Combat support hospital
775:Brain Trauma Foundation
746:Army Medical Department
469:Confederate States Army
1016:Southern, Pat (2007).
730:Joint Base San Antonio
704:Department of the Navy
652:
534:
518:
405:
323:
240:forward surgical teams
189:Joint Base San Antonio
140:
108:
97:
1386:Advanced life support
1066:on September 18, 2008
646:
524:
513:
413:Dominique Jean Larrey
400:
317:Israel Defense Forces
315:
287:Battalion Aid Station
234:Hospitals and clinics
138:2010 Haiti earthquake
135:
103:
85:
1502:Motorcycle ambulance
1465:Air medical services
1264:Cowdrey, Albert E.
770:Battlefield medicine
609:improve this section
599:may not represent a
489:", was published by
276:Headquarters Company
215:Physician Assistants
52:create a new article
44:improve this article
1637:Wilderness medicine
1444:Emergency physician
527:Iraqi Ground Forces
453:Army of the Potomac
425:ambulances volantes
219:Nurse Practitioners
1663:Combat occupations
1627:Emergency medicine
1555:Spinal precautions
1381:Basic life support
1230:on 23 January 2014
801:Medical evacuation
740:were relocated to
700:Fleet Marine Force
653:
649:War in Afghanistan
535:
531:military ambulance
529:medic next to his
519:
461:Battle of Antietam
449:Jonathan Letterman
436:American Civil War
406:
383:Geneva Conventions
324:
141:
109:
98:
95:Battle of Normandy
1645:
1644:
1632:Military medicine
1612:Aviation medicine
1596:Search and rescue
1586:Ambulance station
806:Military medicine
796:Medical assistant
692:U.S. Marine Corps
673:medical equipment
641:
640:
633:
543:Russo-Turkish War
80:
79:
72:
54:, as appropriate.
1670:
1522:Casualty lifting
1449:Medical director
1358:
1351:
1344:
1335:
1334:
1328:Internet Archive
1272:, covers 1950-53
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1229:
1223:. Archived from
1218:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1184:
1178:
1177:Middleton, p. 8.
1175:
1169:
1168:
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1128:
1126:
1111:
1105:
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1101:
1082:
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1062:. Archived from
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988:
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904:
903:
888:
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874:
868:
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821:Stretcher bearer
742:Fort Sam Houston
726:Fort Sam Houston
636:
629:
625:
622:
616:
592:
591:
584:
562:Magen David Adom
348:prisoners of war
264:combat engineers
193:Fort Sam Houston
75:
68:
64:
61:
55:
27:
26:
19:
1678:
1677:
1673:
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1648:
1647:
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1622:Diving medicine
1600:
1574:
1565:Vacuum mattress
1550:Scoop stretcher
1524:
1516:
1512:Water ambulance
1492:Combination car
1453:
1390:
1367:
1362:
1320:The short film
1279:
1261:
1259:Further reading
1256:
1249:
1244:
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1212:
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1207:
1198:
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1187:Steve Elliott.
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683:actual combat.
637:
626:
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593:
589:
582:
508:
457:ambulance corps
403:Trajan's Column
395:
310:
268:military police
256:armored cavalry
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236:
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185:
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76:
65:
59:
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24:
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1605:Related fields
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732:. A new
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