5330:. These are proposed by the commission but ultimately determined by the Council of Ministers. Allocation of national catch quotas to Member States is on a pre-determined basis—the so-called relative stability—giving each member state pre-determined percentages of the available fishing opportunities. Although Member States hold some responsibilities, such as the distribution of quotas, it is argued that the EU retains too much authority over fisheries management. Furthermore, critics maintain that the organisation is ill-suited to the task of fisheries management as it lacks sufficient understanding of fisheries, and is too far removed from the realities of the industry to set accurate TACs and quotas. The
4969:), two regional groups of member states have been established through respective memoranda of understanding, one named BALTFISH which has included all the EU member states with a Baltic coast, while the other one, known as the Scheveningen Group, has been its North Sea counterpart. They are tasked with preparing drafts of quotas and regulations and submitting them for consideration to the EU institutions. These groups lack, however, any decision-making or enforcement powers essential for a regional fisheries management organisation, thus neither of them has been treated as such. These powers have remained exclusively at the hands of the
8625:
127:
660:
3038:
2150:
3108:
4316:
3725:
3198:
2511:
4268:
3677:
3149:
2226:
5288:. According to scientific research published in 2010, the depletion of fishing stocks is a consequence of mismanagement long before the Common Fisheries Policy came into being, a statement illustrated by the fact that British catch rates have declined by 94% over the last 118 years. Nonetheless, the Common Fisheries Policy has continued the trend of ineffective fisheries management in European waters. Indeed, the Common Fisheries Policy has done little if anything to reverse the decline of European fish stocks.
2679:
1803:
299:
2718:
1855:
351:
708:
4484:
3893:
3366:
2394:
4995:(EAGF). From 1994 to 1999 the budget for FIFG totalled 700 million ECU. Any grant from FIFG had to be accompanied by a minimum contribution from the national government. A grant to business must include a proportionate contribution from the business itself. Different rates of aid were applied to different regions. Subsequently, FIFG was renamed European Fisheries Fund in 2007, later transformed into the European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF) in 2013, and ultimately into the current
2163:
2887:
2037:
533:
5098:, to which the EU was party until 1 January 2006. Following accession of all Baltic coastal states except Russia to the EU, the Baltic Sea has become almost entirely covered by the EU EEZ, except for two small patches belonging to Russian EEZ. Because of that, the Gdańsk Convention was terminated and the IBFC was dissolved on 1 January 2007, while its tasks have been taken over directly by the EU CFP, though they have been exercised in cooperation with Russia, as arranged in the
3483:
3012:
696:
4460:
3869:
3342:
2370:
177:
4448:
3857:
3330:
2358:
5378:
therefore silence the voice of the fisheries industry as it competes with other state, private and civil actors to whom authority is also granted. Thus, although the subsidiarity principle can facilitate the government-to-governance transition advocated by many in relation to reform of the CFP, the participatory role of key stakeholders affected by the policy must be maximised to ensure the development of an effective and equitable Common
Fisheries Policy.
4412:
3821:
3294:
2472:
2322:
2861:
2011:
507:
672:
4544:
4280:
3953:
3689:
3426:
3161:
2499:
2430:
4532:
4508:
3941:
3917:
3414:
3390:
2418:
2406:
2848:
1998:
494:
25:
8879:
4352:
3761:
3234:
2274:
4400:
4292:
3809:
3701:
3282:
3173:
2535:
2238:
1156:
732:
684:
4520:
4340:
4328:
4256:
3929:
3749:
3737:
3665:
3402:
3222:
3210:
3137:
2952:
2692:
2559:
2523:
2262:
2214:
2102:
1816:
648:
598:
312:
2939:
2913:
2089:
2063:
585:
559:
5408:
2757:
1894:
390:
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4304:
3845:
3713:
3470:
3318:
3186:
3095:
2999:
2809:
2705:
2346:
2250:
1959:
1946:
1829:
754:
720:
455:
442:
325:
4388:
3797:
3270:
2926:
2744:
2731:
2666:
2310:
2076:
1881:
1868:
1790:
776:
572:
377:
364:
286:
5469:
4793:
3082:
2835:
1985:
1842:
481:
338:
3496:
3025:
2796:
1933:
429:
4472:
4376:
3881:
3785:
3354:
3258:
2382:
2298:
261:
2874:
2024:
520:
4922:
4568:
3977:
3450:
2571:
2183:
4496:
3905:
3378:
2783:
2547:
1920:
416:
4364:
3773:
3246:
2286:
2642:
2978:
2128:
624:
4424:
3833:
3306:
2900:
2334:
2050:
546:
2770:
1907:
403:
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3438:
2442:
2822:
1972:
468:
2965:
2115:
611:
3531:
4991:(EAGGF). In 1977 an aid programme to improve the fish processing industries was established by the EU as a part of the EAGGF. Subsequently, the fisheries guidance (or structural) funding was split-off from EAGGF to form the separate Financial Instrument for Fisheries Guidance (FIFG) in 1993, while the fish market interventions have remained a task of the EAGGF and its successor, the
5102:. Thus, no general regional fishery management organisation is currently responsible for the Baltic Sea, managed thereafter by the EU in line with a bilateral EU-Russia general regional fishery management arrangement instead. Nevertheless, the sea has still remained managed by a tuna RMFO (ICCAT) and two further specialised RFMOs dedicated to salmon (NASCO) and whaling (IWC).
5071:, except for the dependent territories of member states remaining outside of the EU, represented by the member states themselves, and has negotiated agreements to regain access to some of the fishing grounds in return for alternative trading rights. In contrast, the regional fisheries advisory bodies (RFABs) may be joined both by the EU and directly by its the members states.
5365:. De-centralisation featured prominently in discussions related to the 2002 CFP reform, but the reform itself actually increased centralisation within the CFP, removing the right of Member States to block quota proposals and increasing the EU's role in enforcement. This increasing monopoly and disregard for the wishes of the fisheries industry led to alienation of
123:), stated that the common market shall extend to agriculture and trade in agricultural products. Agricultural products in the treaty meaning the products of the soil, of stock-farming and of fisheries and products of first-stage processing directly related to these products. It did not make any other specific mention of fisheries or common fishing areas.
230:
1971 for inland fish farming, but was extended to other areas in the late 1970s. EU support covers similar areas to other land installations, but with additional concerns of technical and environmental problems caused by introducing major fish concentrations where farms are built. The industry suffers problems due to fluctuating demand for farmed fish.
5530:
up
Council Regulation 2141/70 giving all Members equal access to all fishing waters, even though the Treaty of Rome did not explicitly include fisheries in its agriculture chapter. This was adopted on the morning of 30 June 1970, a few hours before the applications to join were officially received. This ensured that the regulations became part of the
4949:. This includes such things as fish filleting, salting, drying, smoking, cooking, freezing and canning. It was intended to indirectly assist the catching industry. There has been an attempt to introduce new technologies to the sector, improve hygiene conditions, and also fund conversions of fish processing factories to other uses.
5030:
at sea, and using aerial photography. Inspectors may also check fish processing factories to ensure that all fish is documented and can be traced to its source. EU inspectors check that hygiene and processing regulations in any country exporting to the EU are satisfactory and of an equal standard to controls within the EU.
5572:
It was determined that there had been over-investment in vessels, over-fishing and that numbers of fish landed were decreasing. The review identified a need to improve compliance with the regulations. This led to a tightening of regulations and better monitoring of individual vessels. A second review
5545:
When the fisheries policy was originally set up, the intention was to create a free trade area in fish and fish products with common rules. It was agreed that fishermen from any state should have access to all waters, except Irish fishermen that were refused access to fish any waters east of 4° West,
5529:
The first rules were created in 1970. The original six Common Market members realised that four countries applying to join the Common Market at that time (Britain, Ireland, Denmark including
Greenland, and Norway) would control the richest fishing grounds in the world. The original six therefore drew
4952:
Each country is given a target for the size of its fleet. Funding is available to assist modernisation of boats and installations, but also to buy-out fishermen to reduce the fleet size. Money is available for advertising campaigns to encourage consumption of fish species that are not over-fished, or
4895:
for consultations with non-EU fishing nations, and adjusted when necessary. The quotas are ultimately approved as binding by the
Council of the EU, with each of the EU member states made responsible for policing its own quota as well as distributing it among the fishermen, using a variety of systems.
4929:
There are now more than 160 producer organisations (PO) in the EU. These are voluntary organisations set up by fishermen or fish farmers to assist in selling their product. Their members must include a minimum percentage of vessels in that sector, not discriminate in terms of nationality or location
5581:
Although fishing could be managed by reducing the fleet size, available fish vary from year to year too much to make this sensible. So a permit system was introduced stating where and when boats are allowed to fish. Scientific studies were commissioned to better-determine available stocks and guide
5377:
term the "participation paradox"—the theory that the greater the number of actors involved in the decision-making process, the less significant the contribution made by each actor, and the smaller the participatory role played in the policy process. Greater devolution within CFP decision-making may
5029:
Enforcement involves managing quotas and implementing technical measures to preserve fish stocks. Inspectors may check fishing gear and inspect the register of fish caught. The type of fish caught is checked and compared to quotas of total permitted catch for a vessel. Checks may be made in port or
5025:
Enforcement is the responsibility of member states, but there is a community level inspection service to ensure that member states enforce the rules within their own country. Member states are also under an obligation to ensure that their vessels observe EU agreements when operating outside the EU.
4912:
for catch led to fishermen dumping dead fish that were too small to land legally, so a minimum mesh size was introduced, which let small fish escape to replenish stocks. Choice of mesh is complicated, because mature fish of different species are naturally different sizes and require different nets.
5002:
From 2007 to 2013, the Fund was allocated approximately 4.3 billion Euro to provide to the
European fishing sector. The adoption of the EMFAF was not uncontested, in particular by environmental groups, as it includes the possibility to fund vessel modernisation and other measures, which might
4933:
They are empowered to take produce out of the market if prices fall below levels set by the
Council of Ministers and receive compensation from the EU. Levels of compensation are set such that price falls as the amount of fish involved increases. Fish stocks may be stored and later returned to the
4882:
or groups of areas on a yearly or two-yearly basis. Each country is given a quota based upon the total available (Total
Allowable Catch, TAC) and their traditional share (percentage). TACs are fixed annually by the Council of Ministers. They consider proposals drawn up by the European Commission,
229:
Fish farming is the fastest growing area of world food production. In 1995 it produced one-third of the world's fish and shellfish by value. The main species in the EU are trout, salmon, mussels and oysters, but interest has been shown in sea bass, sea bream and turbot. Community support began in
167:
Fishing is a relatively minor economic activity within the EU. It contributes generally less than 1 per cent to gross national product. In 2007 the fisheries sector employed 141,110 fishermen. In 2007, 6.4 million tonnes of fish were caught by EU countries. The EU fleet has 97,000 vessels of
5357:
of authority, for example involving Member States in the decision-making process and delegating the day-to-day management of fisheries to industry-based organisations, could potentially facilitate the inclusion of industry concerns into the CFP, involving those directly affected by the policy in
4904:
The Basic
Regulation sets the common principles for the EU management, under which each Member State can use different management approaches as licences, limited entry or individual fishing quota. Catches and landings must be recorded. Regulations cover the kind of fishing gear that may be used.
5611:
shall apply ... Our objective is that depleted fish stocks recover by 2020. Not only nature will benefit, but also fishermen: bigger stocks produce higher yields." The 2013 reform led to a greater role for the
European Parliament, involving the convening of a trilateral dialogue (or "trilogue")
5255:, the primary source of scientific advice guiding the CFP decisions, though it has not become an ICES member, in order to avoid a potential conflict of interest. ICES recommendations, despite their non-binding character, have been basis for practically all of the EU decisions regarding the CFP.
5118:
states and EU representatives agreed a joint approach to identifying risks to the marine environment. A precautionary approach was adopted to seek to prevent pollution before damage was caused to the environment. Studies are being undertaken to monitor stocks of all fish, not just commercially
5606:
In
February 2013 the European Parliament voted for reform of the Common Fisheries Policy, including measures to protect endangered stocks, and the ending of discards. The new CFP came into effect from 1 January 2014, though more talks with EU governments are involved. In presenting the reform
5294:
EU quotas can mean that fish are thrown overboard after being caught. The quotas are enforced per species, but fishermen can only partly control what species they catch, so species with full quota get thrown. Yet as they are dead, this does not alleviate the problem as it was intended to.
5283:
The Common Fisheries Policy has been argued by certain commentators to have had disastrous consequences for the environment. This view is contradicted by historical evidence revealing that fishing stocks have been in chronic decline over the last century as a result of intensive
220:
has been falling, with 60% of fish consumed in the EU coming from elsewhere. This is partly due to improvements in the ability to transport fresh fish internationally. Competitiveness of the EU fishing industry has been affected by overcapacity and shortages of fish to catch.
6602:
5554:
In 1976 the EC extended its fishing waters from 12 nautical miles to 200 nautical miles (22.2 km to 370.4 km) from the coast, in line with other international changes; however, fishing rights to fisheries outside the EU were significantly reduced when
4930:
of their members within the EU, and must comply with other EU regulations. Organisations are required to develop plans to adjust fish catches to market demand. They may require non-members fishing in the same areas to follow the same restrictions as members.
5325:
are responsible for the policy's implementation and enforcement, members have originally given the European Commission sole competence in the creation of proposals and the making of decisions. The commission is not exclusively responsible for the setting of
215:
The market for fish and fish products has changed in recent years. Supermarkets are now the main buyers of fish and expect steady supplies. Fresh fish sales have fallen, but demand for processed fish and prepared meals has grown. Despite this, employment in
1603:
5546:
thus closing the North Sea to them. An exception was made for the coastal strip, which was reserved for local fishermen who had traditionally fished those areas. A policy was created to assist modernisation of fishing vessels and on-shore installations.
5369:
and resulted in reduced compliance. The failure of this increasingly centralised reform has proved to de-centralisation advocates that stakeholder participation in the governance process is crucial to the future success of fisheries governance.
5262:
5114:, the general regional fisheries management organisation for the North Sea, the Irish Sea, the Nordic Seas, the Barents Sea, the White Sea and the remainder of North East Atlantic, except for the Baltic Sea and the Danish straits. In 1997
7864:
5563:
in 1982. This required additional controls and the CFP as such was created in 1983. This now had four areas of activity: conservation of stocks, vessels and installations, market controls, and external agreements with other nations.
172:
produced a further 1 million tonnes of fish and shellfish and employed another 85,000 people. The shortfall between fish catches and demand varies, but there is an EU trade deficit in processed fish products of €3 billion.
6610:
5267:
5155:
4883:
which consults its own scientific advisers (Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee of Fisheries, STECF). STECF generally provides its advice to the European Commission taking account of the work conducted by the
5590:
In 2009, the EU Commission launched a wide-ranging debate on the way that EU fisheries are managed. It received input from EU citizens, organisations and EU-countries and published a report on the consultation.
5272:
211:
vessel fleet. It is often in areas where other employment opportunities are limited. For this reason, community funds have been made available to fishing as a means of encouraging regional development.
5534:
before the new members joined, obliging them to accept the regulation. In its accession negotiations, the UK at first refused to accept the rules but by the end of 1971 the UK gave way and signed the
5334:
method characterised by the CFP is no longer deemed an effective form of fisheries management, and advocates of CFP reform consider a shift from traditional government to participatory third-order
4215:
5224:, making decisions also for the North Sea and the Baltic Sea salmon populations. The EU has been participating in almost all bodies of the organisation, except for the North American Commission.
1020:
788:
5134:. After the first ban, a temporary "régime d'autorisation" has been set up to allow individual boats to fish in Guernsey. In May 2021, France threatened to cut off electricity to the British
8308:
5598:. The Common Fisheries Policy was not acceptable to Iceland, but the country hoped to negotiate a better deal. However, following a change in government Iceland withdrew their application.
5345:—the principle that political decisions should be handled at the lowest, least-centralised competent level. The subsidiarity principle was introduced into EU policies as part of the 1992
5171:
8313:
8023:
5100:
Agreement between the European Community and the Government of the Russian Federation on cooperation in fisheries and the conservation of the living marine resources in the Baltic Sea
5090:
Prior to 2007, the International Baltic Sea Fishery Commission (IBFC) established by the Gdańsk Convention in 1973, was the general regional fisheries management organisation for the
7728:
1265:
5995:
9215:
5203:
6104:
Khalilian, Setareh; Froese, Rainer; Proelss, Alexander; Requate, Till (November 2010). "Designed for failure: a critique of the Common Fisheries Policy of the European Union".
5206:
making decisions also for the Mediterranean tuna. In 1994, conservation regulations were introduced banning certain fishing methods. In 1997 targets were set for tuna catches.
1211:
1168:
1160:
5298:
The Common Fisheries Policy has been a major reason for countries with both substantial fish resources and small home markets, like Norway, Iceland, and Danish dependencies (
8868:
8318:
7127:
4680:
4925:
The EU's fishing fleet numbers 88,000 – the second largest in the world – and can fish freely across the European Union, catching nearly six million metric tonnes a year
6142:
7996:
7723:
1296:
664:
192:. The UK's share of the overall EU fishing catch in 2014 was 752,000 tonnes, the second largest catch of any country in the EU. This proportion is determined by the
8201:
7236:
5660:
5239:
5183:
4830:
1251:
8609:
5665:
1256:
6695:
8035:
7883:
7033:
5373:
However, some critics argue that applying the subsidiarity principle to the CFP may not improve the policy's effectiveness, as it may lead to what de Vivero
3519:
978:
5538:
on 22 January 1972, thereby bringing into the CFP joint management an estimated four fifths of all the fish off Western Europe. Norway decided not to join.
7713:
5252:
4884:
5154:
Most fishing in the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea has been confined to a 12-mile (22-km) strip considered territorial waters. The EU belongs to the
7564:
7388:
7099:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6513:
6344:
4043:
1367:
5826:
6296:
Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Studies Association Annual Conference "Global Governance: Political Authority in Transition"
1465:
712:
6530:
7935:
7894:
7848:
5675:
4996:
4988:
4982:
4946:
2197:
1513:
6446:
Hatchard, Jenny (2006). "Engaging stakeholder preferences through deliberative democracy in North Sea fisheries governance". In Gray, Tim S. (ed.).
5918:
92:
formally enshrined fisheries conservation policy as one of the handful of "exclusive competences" reserved for the European Union, to be decided by
8390:
5187:
1405:
1327:
1221:
9225:
8851:
7231:
6737:
5801:
5774:
5730:
5560:
5221:
5052:
4674:
1642:
1147:
6700:
6636:
8898:
7293:
6797:
1014:
700:
7677:
7146:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6329:
4823:
1460:
1108:
6656:
6409:
Gray, Tim; Hatchard, Jenny (November 2003). "The 2002 reform of the Common Fisheries Policy's system of governance—rhetoric or reality?".
4879:
9343:
9001:
8846:
8196:
7812:
7209:
6292:"Enhancing Regionalisation of the Common Fisheries Policy: An Opportunity and Challenge for Participatory Fisheries Governance in the EU"
5757:
5680:
5628:
4670:
3567:
1312:
1246:
1236:
766:
744:
638:
8006:
7718:
7692:
7591:
7089:
6003:
5900:
5670:
5175:
5064:
4892:
4692:
1375:
736:
688:
652:
8328:
7288:
7182:
5179:
5167:
3587:
1741:
1415:
1355:
1093:
918:
780:
758:
724:
8124:
8119:
5977:
4937:
Tuna fishermen have a scheme where surplus stock is not bought up, but fishermen receive direct compensation if their income falls.
1728:
96:. However, general fisheries policy remains a "shared competence" of the Union and its member states. Decisions are now made by the
8973:
8045:
7967:
6802:
5490:
5111:
4655:
4164:
3582:
4953:
are unfamiliar to the public. Also, grants are available to assist the industry in improving product quality and managing quotas.
9338:
9134:
8217:
8072:
7986:
5210:
4816:
4625:
4320:
4208:
242:
7596:
7509:
7353:
7318:
7187:
7119:
7010:
7005:
7000:
6995:
6944:
6777:
6531:"Regulation (EEC) No 2141/70 of the Council of 20 October 1970 laying down a common structural policy for the fishing industry"
5075:
4590:
4580:
1711:
1647:
1500:
1480:
1470:
1393:
1275:
1194:
5612:
between the European Council, European Commission and the Parliament, to work towards general agreement on reforming the CFP.
4803:
8290:
8261:
8146:
8040:
7843:
7192:
7114:
7084:
6935:
6455:
5711:
4715:
4108:
4083:
1699:
8856:
8383:
8186:
8141:
8055:
7603:
7283:
7197:
7177:
7094:
6854:
5595:
5056:
4992:
4720:
4665:
4640:
4620:
4615:
4585:
4488:
4071:
3825:
3552:
3545:
1303:
1132:
1125:
1083:
876:
676:
6316:
Jordan, Andrew; Jeppersen, Tim (March–April 2000). "EU Environmental policy: adapting to the principle of subsidiarity?".
9031:
8908:
8298:
8256:
8001:
7701:
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4650:
4645:
4635:
4600:
4595:
4098:
2176:
1751:
1686:
5428:
5341:
Consequently, it is suggested that the management of the CFP could be improved through the application of the theory of
8166:
7906:
7901:
7638:
7155:
7109:
7079:
7020:
6912:
6819:
6764:
6552:
5322:
4779:
4710:
4630:
4605:
4240:
4235:
3524:
923:
813:
274:
111:
The Common Fisheries Policy was created to manage fish stock for the European Union as a whole. Article 38 of the 1957
74:
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8963:
8958:
8303:
8191:
7918:
7869:
7618:
7532:
7504:
7266:
6962:
6859:
6649:
6473:"The paradox of public participation in fisheries governance. The rising number of actors and the devolution process"
6233:
5655:
5650:
5516:
5450:
5016:
4757:
4610:
4115:
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3602:
1721:
1706:
1410:
1350:
1337:
1206:
1061:
1046:
803:
5498:
5258:
European Union has also been a member of further three regional fisheries advisory intergovernmental organisations:
188:
The combined EU fishing fleets land about 6 million tonnes of fish per year, of which about 700,000 tonnes are from
8439:
7911:
7667:
7608:
7527:
7414:
7358:
7202:
6890:
5291:
The Common Fisheries Policy has been criticised by some fishermen who believe it is threatening their livelihoods.
5228:
5068:
4230:
3577:
3107:
3066:
2583:
2489:
1774:
1746:
1716:
1623:
1508:
1317:
1231:
1216:
9160:
9016:
8376:
8251:
8156:
8136:
7874:
7074:
7062:
6970:
5417:
5105:
4464:
4120:
4038:
3729:
7038:
8494:
8266:
8181:
8114:
8060:
8050:
8028:
7928:
7742:
7633:
7628:
7569:
7486:
7328:
6723:
6704:
5494:
5020:
4452:
1761:
1657:
1422:
1360:
932:
827:
251:
6355:
5026:
The regulations are also intended to harmonise penalties for breaking the regulations in different countries.
4945:
In 1977 an aid programme was introduced to improve the fish processing industries, currently operating as the
9129:
9119:
9026:
8524:
8343:
8276:
8246:
8109:
8082:
7923:
7650:
7584:
7537:
7437:
7226:
7219:
6755:
5311:
4548:
4536:
4512:
4284:
4016:
4006:
3562:
1582:
1140:
793:
97:
6380:
Symes, David; Phillipson, Jeremy (March 2011). "Whatever became of social objectives in fisheries policy?".
9200:
9109:
8604:
8559:
8104:
7991:
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7662:
7442:
6927:
5214:
4524:
4416:
4404:
4380:
4356:
4344:
4332:
4296:
4272:
4260:
4147:
4066:
4061:
3897:
1569:
798:
82:
8614:
7827:
6690:
81:
by various market interventions. In 2004 it had a budget of €931 million, approximately 0.75% of the
8271:
8176:
7955:
7613:
6917:
6872:
5922:
5350:
4762:
4572:
4500:
4440:
4392:
4368:
4308:
4152:
4023:
3056:
2608:
2588:
982:
9155:
9044:
7981:
7817:
7579:
7383:
5645:
4560:
4476:
4428:
4093:
4028:
1756:
1475:
1447:
1440:
5808:
5781:
5727:
9309:
9304:
9281:
9190:
9021:
8996:
8236:
7858:
7672:
7375:
7323:
7132:
7043:
6685:
5608:
4033:
1400:
1344:
1056:
906:
93:
6680:
5338:, incorporating the fisheries industry and Member States, to be vital to the success of the policy.
9195:
8928:
8903:
8574:
8549:
7889:
7427:
7422:
7214:
6827:
5535:
5479:
5361:
The call for application of the subsidiarity principle to the CFP lies within the argument for its
5079:
3557:
1553:
1548:
1078:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
6021:
9286:
8841:
8519:
8474:
8459:
8352:
8131:
6603:"EU Common Fisheries Policy and Fisheries Partnership Agreements – Challenges for ACP countries.
5556:
5483:
5366:
4934:
market, or sold for animal feed. Buying-up of stocks must only be to cover occasional surpluses.
3873:
3061:
1189:
1184:
189:
131:
9348:
9210:
9070:
8743:
8241:
8087:
7976:
7945:
7879:
7822:
7253:
6832:
6701:
Smart Investments – Promoting Sustainable Fishing Initiatives under the European Fisheries Fund
5421:
4774:
4142:
4078:
3861:
3122:
2182:
1103:
1000:
840:
659:
8624:
6472:
5754:
5106:
North Sea, Irish Sea, Nordic Seas, Barents Sea, White Sea and remainder of North East Atlantic
9094:
8968:
8594:
8489:
8357:
7962:
7782:
7348:
6904:
6049:
5701:
5624:
5327:
5046:
4797:
4159:
4125:
3957:
3945:
3921:
3693:
2603:
1493:
1280:
1260:
1098:
105:
5904:
8953:
8933:
8893:
8863:
8810:
8161:
7767:
7757:
7623:
7559:
7447:
6990:
6842:
6489:
6420:
6115:
6058:
5919:"European Commission – Fisheries – The International Baltic Sea Fishery Commission (IBSFC)"
5640:
5607:
package, the German Social Democrat MEP Ulrike Rodust stated: "As of 2015 the principle of
5531:
4909:
4850:
Encouraging producer organisations intended to protect fishermen from sudden market changes
4751:
4191:
4171:
4001:
3933:
3813:
3789:
3765:
3753:
3741:
3705:
3681:
3669:
2633:
2618:
2613:
1595:
1087:
193:
116:
6709:
5936:
5432:
5358:
management decisions and creating to a CFP which encourages compliance and collaboration.
5158:(GFCM), a general regional fisheries management organisation covering also the Black Sea.
126:
8:
9114:
9104:
9037:
9006:
8991:
8818:
8814:
8778:
8534:
8504:
8323:
8151:
8092:
8011:
7802:
7787:
7298:
7278:
7172:
6471:
Suárez de Vivero, Juan L.; Rodríguez Mateos, Juan C.; del Corral, D. Florido (May 2008).
5331:
5193:
5143:
4704:
4411:
4181:
4176:
3981:
3909:
3849:
3820:
3801:
3777:
3717:
3514:
3298:
3293:
3100:
2628:
2623:
2471:
2326:
2321:
1964:
1290:
1226:
1071:
894:
882:
834:
460:
101:
6493:
6424:
6168:
6119:
6062:
38:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
9299:
9075:
8918:
8698:
8171:
7772:
7551:
7465:
6877:
4769:
4700:
4186:
3994:
3969:
3885:
3837:
2641:
1691:
994:
846:
6432:
3051:
9180:
9165:
8648:
8569:
8499:
8444:
8429:
8413:
7104:
6645:
6451:
6291:
6229:
6086:
6081:
5707:
5346:
5161:
5060:
5040:
3530:
1503:
888:
671:
5843:
Source: House of Lords, NAFC Marine Centre, University of the Highlands and Islands.
5542:
left the EC in 1985, after having gained partial independence from Denmark in 1979.
9261:
9065:
9060:
8768:
8688:
8484:
8469:
8464:
8099:
7777:
7261:
6658:
Discarding fish under the Common Fisheries Policy: Towards an end to mandated waste
6641:
6505:
6497:
6428:
6391:
6325:
6221:
6216:
Bergmann, Eirikur (1 January 2017). "Iceland: Ever-Lasting Independence Struggle".
6123:
6076:
6066:
5856:
5362:
5127:
2539:
1039:
912:
203:, Scotland, the fishing industry creates 40% of employment and a similar figure in
89:
78:
7028:
6395:
1331:
9266:
9124:
8913:
8703:
8658:
8643:
8544:
7807:
6712:. Report by eftec (Economics for the Environment Consultancy Ltd), November 2008.
6588:
6501:
6127:
5761:
5745:
Article 4 (d) of the Consolidated Treaty on the functioning of the European Union
5734:
5285:
5234:
It has also been a member of the extended commission (≈ an associate member) of:
5135:
5034:
4940:
4130:
3572:
2476:
1307:
707:
217:
6275:
Sissenwine, M.; Symes, D. (2007). "Reflections on the Common Fisheries Policy".
6225:
4888:
2551:
9256:
9185:
9099:
8748:
8728:
8708:
8683:
8633:
8564:
8554:
8514:
8454:
8417:
7792:
6746:
6345:"Good Governance and the Common Fisheries Policy: An Environmental Perspective"
5318:
5095:
4961:
Due to growing demands to make the Common Fisheries Policy more decentralised (
4728:
4315:
4135:
3724:
3202:
3197:
2723:
2510:
2168:
1860:
1518:
1112:
1050:
900:
864:
858:
356:
120:
112:
70:
8805:
9332:
9276:
9271:
9175:
8938:
8836:
8806:
8693:
8678:
8663:
8539:
7853:
6675:
6480:
6411:
6382:
6106:
6045:"The effects of 118 years of industrial fishing on UK bottom trawl fisheries"
5303:
4222:
3488:
3017:
2656:
2575:
2503:
1321:
870:
6330:
10.1002/(SICI)1099-0976(200003/04)10:2<64::AID-EET219>3.0.CO;2-Z
134:(EEZ). At 25 million square kilometres, it is the largest in the world.
8758:
8673:
8653:
8599:
8509:
8479:
7340:
6090:
5342:
5033:
Non-compliance remains a significant problem. In a number of EU fisheries,
4010:
2563:
2527:
2515:
1662:
Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations
852:
6715:
6710:
Costs of Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing in EU Fisheries
6470:
9011:
8923:
8773:
8753:
8738:
8723:
8718:
8668:
8449:
8368:
7271:
7164:
6143:"EU fisheries minister calls for an end to dumping millions of dead fish"
5217:, as their decisions are relevant to some of the EU overseas territories,
4964:
4483:
3892:
3370:
3365:
3043:
2892:
2398:
2393:
2155:
2042:
538:
200:
176:
6574:
6043:
Thurstan, Ruth H.; Brockington, Simon; Roberts, Callum M. (4 May 2010).
5882:
9235:
8943:
8733:
8713:
7762:
7363:
6509:
6071:
6044:
5962:
5354:
5335:
5309:
5091:
5004:
4459:
3868:
3346:
3341:
2866:
2374:
2369:
2016:
1523:
695:
512:
8878:
5194:
Tuna and other specialised regional fisheries management organisations
9205:
9170:
8783:
8763:
8230:
7310:
7241:
5539:
5349:; however, it does not apply to areas such as the CFP over which the
5299:
5115:
4447:
3856:
3334:
3329:
2853:
2457:
2362:
2357:
2003:
1199:
499:
204:
169:
5963:"UK Royal Navy ships patrolling Jersey amid fishing row with France"
5827:"UK fishermen may not win waters back after Brexit, EU memo reveals"
5468:
5172:
Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources
145: EU member states overseas territories Exclusive Economic Zones
9055:
8589:
8579:
8529:
7940:
7797:
7682:
5306:) and some other dependencies, to stay outside the European Union.
5131:
4847:
Regulation of production, quality, grading, packaging and labelling
4543:
4531:
4507:
4279:
3952:
3940:
3916:
3688:
3430:
3425:
3418:
3413:
3394:
3389:
3165:
3160:
2957:
2944:
2918:
2697:
2498:
2434:
2429:
2422:
2417:
2410:
2405:
2204:
2107:
2094:
2068:
1821:
808:
603:
590:
564:
317:
77:
are allowed to catch each type of fish, as well as encouraging the
5162:
Other (remote) general regional fisheries management organisations
5041:
Relations with third countries and intergovernmental organisations
4921:
4853:
Setting minimum fish prices and financing buying up of unsold fish
9251:
9220:
9150:
9050:
8584:
8399:
7706:
4878:) quotas for how much of each species can be caught in a certain
4519:
4399:
4375:
4351:
4339:
4327:
4291:
4267:
4255:
3928:
3808:
3784:
3760:
3748:
3736:
3700:
3676:
3664:
3475:
3406:
3401:
3286:
3281:
3262:
3257:
3238:
3233:
3226:
3221:
3214:
3209:
3177:
3172:
3153:
3148:
3141:
3136:
3004:
2931:
2814:
2788:
2762:
2749:
2736:
2710:
2684:
2671:
2558:
2534:
2522:
2302:
2297:
2278:
2273:
2266:
2261:
2242:
2237:
2230:
2225:
2218:
2213:
2081:
1951:
1925:
1899:
1886:
1873:
1834:
1808:
1795:
1604:
Agencies, decentralised independent bodies and joint undertakings
1155:
731:
683:
647:
577:
447:
421:
395:
382:
369:
330:
304:
291:
260:
208:
66:
6249:
5384:
5381:
The EU has recently introduced some elements of CFP devolution (
7048:
5621:
5204:
International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas
5139:
5123:
4970:
4685:
4567:
4495:
4435:
4387:
4363:
4303:
3976:
3904:
3844:
3796:
3772:
3712:
3501:
3454:
3449:
3382:
3377:
3322:
3317:
3274:
3269:
3250:
3245:
3190:
3185:
3087:
3030:
2983:
2905:
2840:
2801:
2775:
2570:
2546:
2350:
2345:
2314:
2309:
2290:
2285:
2254:
2249:
2133:
2055:
1990:
1938:
1912:
1847:
775:
753:
719:
629:
551:
486:
434:
408:
343:
4956:
4941:
Structural policy regarding fleet and onshore fishing industry
6103:
5728:
Consolidated Treaty on the functioning of the European Union
5263:
European Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture Advisory Commission
4905:
Areas may be closed from fishing to allow stocks to recover.
4555:
4471:
4423:
3964:
3880:
3832:
3442:
3437:
3358:
3353:
3310:
3305:
2970:
2879:
2827:
2446:
2441:
2386:
2381:
2338:
2333:
2120:
2029:
1977:
616:
525:
473:
6022:"'Profound' decline in fish stocks shown in British records"
4681:
Post-Brexit United Kingdom relations with the European Union
7687:
5796:
5794:
5142:
in a fight over post-Brexit fishing rights, as part of the
4891:. The proposals are subsequently submitted to the relevant
4889:
regional fisheries advisory intergovernmental organisations
1471:
Economic and Financial Affairs configuration of the Council
6042:
207:. They are the EU's largest fishing ports and home to the
7865:
European Judicial Network in civil and commercial matters
5703:
The Common Fisheries Policy: The Quest for Sustainability
4733:
8412:
5791:
5661:
European Commissioner for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries
5240:
Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna
5184:
South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation
4899:
6855:
International Authority for the Ruhr (1949–1951)
5666:
Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs and Fisheries
5656:
Agriculture and Fisheries configuration of the Council
5937:"Guernsey begins issuing permits to French fishermen"
5246:
4965:#The CFP governance vs. the principle of subsidiarity
6913:
European Monetary Cooperation Fund (1973–1994)
5253:
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
5085:
4885:
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
6945:
European Financial Stability Mechanism (2010–
6860:
European Coal and Steel Community (1951–2002)
6274:
6218:
Nordic Nationalism and Right-Wing Populist Politics
5037:accounts for one-third to one-half of all catches.
4865:
6936:European Financial Stability Facility (2010–
6638:Implementing and Enforcing European Fisheries Law.
6352:Institute for European Environmental Policy Report
5268:Fishery Committee for the Eastern Central Atlantic
5156:General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean
5149:
162:
5676:European Maritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund
5190:, some of them covering EU overseas territories.
4997:European Maritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund
4989:European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund
4983:European Maritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund
4947:European Maritime, Fisheries and Aquaculture Fund
4860:
9330:
6533:. Council of the European Union. 20 October 1970
6289:
5188:Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission
1466:Committee on Budgetary Control of the Parliament
9226:International Seafood Sustainability Foundation
8852:United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
8309:Largest cities by population within city limits
6379:
6315:
6250:"Fish keep Faroe Islands at a distance from EU"
5222:North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization
5053:United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
1643:European Institute of Innovation and Technology
745:Countries with suspended accession negotiations
139: EU member states Exclusive Economic Zones
5978:"Fishing quotas are an ecological catastrophe"
5198:The European Union has also been a member of:
8384:
6918:European Monetary Institute (1994–1998)
6873:European Economic Community (1958–1993)
6731:
6703:, by Markus Knigge. Published in 2007 by the
6654:
6203:Iceland and European Integration: On the Edge
5824:
5596:Iceland applied for European Union membership
5010:
4824:
6891:European Atomic Energy Community (est. 1958)
6408:
6200:
5996:"The human cost of the EU's fishing failure"
5629:trade negotiations between the EU and the UK
5385:#CFP regionalisation and devolution attempts
5321:, top-down approach to management; although
9002:List of commercially important fish species
8847:Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing
6745:
6185:
5775:"Employment in the fisheries sector (2007)"
5681:List of harvested aquatic animals by weight
5497:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
5273:Western Central Atlantic Fishery Commission
5065:regional fisheries management organisations
4957:CFP regionalisation and devolution attempts
4893:regional fisheries management organisations
3568:Political groups of the European Parliament
1639:Decentralised independent bodies of the EU
8398:
8391:
8377:
7592:Mechanism for Cooperation and Verification
6738:
6724:
6220:. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 93–124.
5671:European Parliament Committee on Fisheries
5431:. Please do not remove this message until
5176:South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation
4831:
4817:
6080:
6070:
5517:Learn how and when to remove this message
5451:Learn how and when to remove this message
5180:Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement
5168:Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization
4916:
4856:Set rules for trade with non-EU countries
1742:Publications Office of the European Union
196:and by the EU's Common Fisheries Policy.
8974:Regional fishery management organisation
8046:European Structural and Investment Funds
7968:European System of Financial Supervision
6833:Western European Union (1954–2011)
6445:
6215:
5976:Booker, Christopher (25 November 2007).
5427:Relevant discussion may be found on the
5353:retains exclusive competence. A partial
5310:The CFP governance vs. the principle of
5112:North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission
4920:
4165:European System of Financial Supervision
1461:Internal Audit Service of the Commission
233:
125:
6519:from the original on 23 September 2017.
6002:. London. 23 April 2009. Archived from
5706:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. xii.
5700:Lado, Ernesto Penas (4 February 2016).
5211:Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission
4987:Fishing was initially funded under the
4843:The CFP currently has four components:
4671:United Kingdom–European Union relations
2596:Non Euro countries relationship to Euro
157: Disputed Exclusive Economic Zones
9331:
7510:European Economic and Social Committee
7319:Court of Justice of the European Union
6843:European Communities (1967–2009)
6342:
6015:
6013:
5975:
5076:General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
5074:External trade is now affected by the
5063:to represent its member states in the
4976:
4693:United States–European Union relations
1712:European Economic and Social Committee
8804:
8411:
8372:
8147:Stabilisation and Association Process
7844:Area of freedom, security and justice
6719:
6664:. Library of the European Parliament.
6448:Participation in Fisheries Governance
6019:
5854:
5317:A common criticism of the CFP is its
5166:The EU has also been a member of the
4716:European Union and the United Nations
4248:Foreign relations of EU member states
88:When it came into force in 2009, the
8857:United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement
8142:European Union Association Agreement
6878:European Community (1993–2009)
6188:The Nordic States and European Unity
6140:
5699:
5495:adding citations to reliable sources
5462:
5401:
5057:United Nations Fish Stocks Agreement
4993:European Agricultural Guarantee Fund
4900:Implementation at member state level
4721:European Union Association Agreement
4656:Switzerland–European Union relations
3553:Elections to the European Parliament
18:
9032:Future of Marine Animal Populations
8909:Fishery Resources Monitoring System
8899:Monitoring control and surveillance
7471:European Data Protection Supervisor
6773:Ideas of European unity before 1948
6589:"MEPs back major EU fishing reform"
6318:Environmental Policy and Governance
6010:
5901:"About the Common Fisheries Policy"
5883:"The Common Fisheries Policy (CFP)"
5251:The EU cooperates closely with the
4626:Kazakhstan–European Union relations
2177:Nuclear power in the European Union
1752:European Personnel Selection Office
1687:European Data Protection Supervisor
1648:European Public Prosecutor's Office
194:London Fisheries Convention of 1964
13:
9344:European Union fishing regulations
8167:EU Strategy for the South Caucasus
7907:Common Security and Defence Policy
7902:Common Foreign and Security Policy
6629:
5825:Daniel Boffey (15 February 2017).
5247:Regional fisheries advisory bodies
4780:Convention on the Future of Europe
4711:Microstates and the European Union
4591:Australia–European Union relations
4581:Argentina–European Union relations
3529:
3525:Microstates and the European Union
3106:
3074:Non-Schengen area EU member states
2640:
2181:
814:Withdrawal from the European Union
175:
14:
9360:
9231:Sea Shepherd Conservation Society
8964:National Marine Fisheries Service
8959:European Fisheries Control Agency
7936:Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)
7533:European Union Military Committee
7505:European Committee of the Regions
6669:
6141:Gray, Louise (1 September 2009).
5651:European Fisheries Control Agency
5627:, with the details determined by
5122:In February 2020, as soon as the
5086:Baltic Sea and the Danish straits
5051:The EU has become a party to the
5017:European Fisheries Control Agency
4758:European Coal and Steel Community
1722:European Union Military Committee
1707:European Committee of the Regions
1610:Decentralised agencies of the EU
1338:Member of the European Parliament
1009:Abandoned treaties and agreements
8877:
8623:
8440:Population dynamics of fisheries
7912:Permanent Structured Cooperation
7528:Political and Security Committee
7415:European Atomic Energy Community
6575:"Common Fisheries Policy Reform"
5857:"Is the EU 'pinching our fish'?"
5622:withdrawal of the UK from the EU
5549:
5467:
5406:
5229:International Whaling Commission
5069:International Whaling Commission
4866:Adoption of rules at Union level
4791:
4666:Ukraine–European Union relations
4641:Moldova–European Union relations
4621:Iceland–European Union relations
4616:Georgia–European Union relations
4586:Armenia–European Union relations
4566:
4554:
4542:
4530:
4518:
4506:
4494:
4482:
4470:
4458:
4446:
4434:
4422:
4410:
4398:
4386:
4374:
4362:
4350:
4338:
4326:
4314:
4302:
4290:
4278:
4266:
4254:
3975:
3963:
3951:
3939:
3927:
3915:
3903:
3891:
3879:
3867:
3855:
3843:
3831:
3819:
3807:
3795:
3783:
3771:
3759:
3747:
3735:
3723:
3711:
3699:
3687:
3675:
3663:
3494:
3481:
3468:
3448:
3436:
3424:
3412:
3400:
3388:
3376:
3364:
3352:
3340:
3328:
3316:
3304:
3292:
3280:
3268:
3256:
3244:
3232:
3220:
3208:
3196:
3184:
3171:
3159:
3147:
3135:
3093:
3080:
3067:Visa policy of the Schengen Area
3036:
3023:
3010:
2997:
2976:
2963:
2950:
2937:
2924:
2911:
2898:
2885:
2872:
2859:
2846:
2833:
2820:
2807:
2794:
2781:
2768:
2755:
2742:
2729:
2716:
2703:
2690:
2677:
2664:
2569:
2557:
2545:
2533:
2521:
2509:
2497:
2470:
2440:
2428:
2416:
2404:
2392:
2380:
2368:
2356:
2344:
2332:
2320:
2308:
2296:
2284:
2272:
2260:
2248:
2236:
2224:
2212:
2161:
2148:
2126:
2113:
2100:
2087:
2074:
2061:
2048:
2035:
2022:
2009:
1996:
1983:
1970:
1957:
1944:
1931:
1918:
1905:
1892:
1879:
1866:
1853:
1840:
1827:
1814:
1801:
1788:
1747:European External Action Service
1717:Political and Security Committee
1624:European Supervisory Authorities
1154:
1001:European Economic Area Agreement
774:
752:
730:
718:
706:
694:
682:
670:
658:
646:
622:
609:
596:
583:
570:
557:
544:
531:
518:
505:
492:
479:
466:
453:
440:
427:
414:
401:
388:
375:
362:
349:
336:
323:
310:
297:
284:
259:
23:
9161:Aquaculture Stewardship Council
9017:Environmental impact of fishing
8314:National parties by affiliation
8157:Euronest Parliamentary Assembly
8137:Economic Partnership Agreements
6828:Western Union (1948–1954)
6595:
6581:
6567:
6545:
6523:
6464:
6439:
6402:
6373:
6336:
6309:
6290:Sellke, P.; Dreyer, M. (2011).
6283:
6268:
6242:
6209:
6194:
6186:Ingebritsen, Christine (1998).
6179:
6161:
6134:
6097:
6036:
5988:
5969:
5955:
5929:
5911:
5893:
5887:Fisheries - European Commission
5150:Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea
4661:Turkey–European Union relations
4651:Russia–European Union relations
4646:Norway–European Union relations
4636:Mexico–European Union relations
4601:Canada–European Union relations
4596:Brazil–European Union relations
4121:Passports of the European Union
3111:Schengen Area from January 2023
163:Importance of fishing in Europe
73:(EU). It sets quotas for which
9339:European Union economic policy
9135:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
8495:Otolith microchemical analysis
8319:Presidents of the institutions
8115:European Higher Education Area
7693:International status and usage
7487:Agencies of the European Union
7220:European political foundations
5875:
5855:Milne, Claire (21 June 2017).
5848:
5818:
5767:
5748:
5739:
5720:
5693:
5021:European Food Safety Authority
4861:Fishing quotas and regulations
4631:Japan–European Union relations
4606:China–European Union relations
1762:European Administrative School
1658:European Data Protection Board
1543:European Investment Bank Group
252:Politics of the European Union
224:
1:
9130:European Environmental Agency
9120:Grey nurse shark conservation
9027:Destructive fishing practices
8525:Pop-up satellite archival tag
8110:European Common Aviation Area
7565:Charter of Fundamental Rights
7538:European Union Military Staff
7438:European University Institute
7227:Council of the European Union
6433:10.1016/S0308-597X(03)00066-6
6396:10.1016/j.fishres.2008.08.001
6201:Thorhallsson, Baldur (2004).
6169:"Why isn't Norway in the EU?"
6020:Black, Richard (4 May 2010).
5802:"Main world producers (2007)"
5686:
5003:increase pressure on already
4611:European Union–NATO relations
3657:Elections in EU member states
3588:Referendums related to the EU
1583:European University Institute
1577:European University Institute
804:Germany–Netherlands relations
98:Council of the European Union
9110:Marine conservation activism
8560:Climate change and fisheries
8105:European Political Community
7951:European Banking Supervision
7443:European Stability Mechanism
6705:WWF – European Policy Office
6655:Weissenberger, Jean (2013).
6502:10.1016/j.marpol.2007.06.005
6128:10.1016/j.marpol.2010.04.001
5278:
5215:Indian Ocean Tuna Commission
4148:European Banking Supervision
2186:Euratom since 1 January 2021
1633:Executive agencies of the EU
1570:European Stability Mechanism
1564:European Stability Mechanism
7:
8177:Union for the Mediterranean
7956:Single Resolution Mechanism
7895:Vehicle registration plates
7849:Migration and asylum policy
7828:Potential superpower status
6226:10.1057/978-1-137-56703-1_4
6190:. Cornell University Press.
5634:
5433:conditions to do so are met
5110:EU has participated in the
4763:European Economic Community
4153:Single Resolution Mechanism
3520:EEA National Identity cards
3057:Schengen Information System
2589:Enlargement of the eurozone
2198:Economic and Monetary Union
1654:Corporate bodies of the EU
1272:Council preparatory bodies
1021:UK membership renegotiation
183:
10:
9365:
9156:Marine Stewardship Council
8949:EU Common Fisheries Policy
8120:EU/ESA Framework Agreement
7818:Differentiated integration
7384:European Court of Auditors
7215:European political parties
5646:Common Agricultural Policy
5397:
5392:
5044:
5014:
5011:Enforcement and compliance
4980:
1736:Inter-institutional bodies
1481:Public Prosecutor's Office
1448:European Court of Auditors
1441:European Court of Auditors
1394:Court of Justice of the EU
104:acting together under the
9310:Glossary of fishery terms
9305:Index of fishing articles
9295:
9244:
9143:
9087:
9022:Fishing down the food web
8997:Maximum sustainable yield
8984:
8886:
8875:
8829:
8825:
8800:
8632:
8621:
8555:Match/mismatch hypothesis
8428:
8424:
8407:
8337:
8289:
8237:House of European History
8225:
8216:
8071:
7859:European Judicial Network
7836:
7750:
7741:
7729:Health expense per person
7658:
7649:
7550:
7518:
7495:
7479:
7456:
7403:
7376:Supreme audit institution
7374:
7339:
7309:
7252:
7163:
7154:
7145:
7070:
7061:
7019:
6961:
6926:
6903:
6886:
6868:
6850:
6841:
6818:
6811:
6763:
6754:
5609:maximum sustainable yield
5130:was raised, initially in
5078:(GATT), regulated by the
4798:European Union portal
1401:European Court of Justice
828:Treaties and Declarations
794:Belgium–Germany relations
94:Qualified Majority Voting
32:This article needs to be
9196:Save Our Seas Foundation
8929:Individual fishing quota
8904:Vessel monitoring system
8550:Hydrographic containment
7428:European Investment Fund
7423:European Investment Bank
6696:EU financial report 2004
6555:. EU Publications Office
5760:9 September 2010 at the
5557:exclusive economic zones
5080:World Trade Organization
1681:Other independent bodies
1126:Legislative institutions
1099:College of Commissioners
1079:Von der Leyen Commission
799:France–Germany relations
241:This article is part of
8842:Exclusive economic zone
8520:GIS and aquatic science
8475:Standard weight in fish
8132:European Peace Facility
7359:System of Central Banks
6676:Common Fisheries Policy
6591:. BBC. 6 February 2013.
5965:. BBC News. 6 May 2021.
5615:
5601:
5585:
5582:allocation of permits.
5576:
5567:
5328:total allowable catches
5067:(RFMOs) other than the
3062:Visa Information System
2490:Other currencies in use
1281:Council Working Parties
132:exclusive economic zone
59:Common Fisheries Policy
9071:Turtle excluder device
8744:Shoaling and schooling
8242:2012 Nobel Peace Prize
8088:European Economic Area
7946:European banking union
7823:Privileged partnership
7678:Government procurement
6277:EU Commissioned Report
5573:was planned for 2002.
4926:
4917:Producer organisations
4775:Western European Union
4143:European banking union
4079:European Single Market
3648:2024 (latest election)
3535:
3534:European Economic Area
3123:European Economic Area
3112:
2646:
2187:
1613:Single market agencies
1034:Executive institutions
974:Treaties of succession
665:Bosnia and Herzegovina
180:
159:
151: EU member states
9095:Marine protected area
8969:Regional fishery body
8595:Census of Marine Life
8490:Catch per unit effort
8187:Free trade agreements
8029:Health Insurance Card
7963:Capital Markets Union
7813:Democratic legitimacy
7783:Optimum currency area
7604:Legislative procedure
7349:European Central Bank
6082:10536/DRO/DU:30088122
6050:Nature Communications
5726:Article 3 (d) of the
5047:regional fishery body
5045:Further information:
4924:
4880:ICES Statistical Area
4872:total allowable catch
4160:Capital Markets Union
4072:Free Trade Agreements
3533:
3110:
2644:
2185:
1494:European Central Bank
1455:Other auditory bodies
1435:Auditory institutions
1388:Judicial institutions
1133:Legislative procedure
1015:European Constitution
939:Treaties of accession
234:Mechanisms of the CFP
179:
129:
106:co-decision procedure
8934:Minimum landing size
8894:Fisheries management
8869:Magnuson–Stevens Act
8864:Fisheries Convention
8615:Fisheries scientists
8299:Books on the subject
8162:EU Gateway Programme
8125:EU/ESA Space Council
8083:Neighbourhood Policy
8041:Regional development
8007:Environmental policy
7997:Educational policies
7924:Neighbourhood Policy
7768:Intergovernmentalism
7758:European integration
7673:Community preference
7624:Enhanced cooperation
7609:Citizens' Initiative
7448:Unified Patent Court
7299:Directorates-General
7090:Environmental issues
6635:Berg, Astrid (1999)
6553:"Accession Treaties"
5907:on 25 December 2007.
5889:. 16 September 2016.
5641:Fisheries Convention
5532:acquis communautaire
5491:improve this section
4973:Union institutions.
4752:European Communities
4192:Enhanced cooperation
3563:European foundations
3180:(provisional member)
1729:EU/ESA Space Council
1596:Unified Patent Court
1590:Unified Patent Court
1376:National parliaments
1266:Directorates-general
117:European Communities
115:, which created the
9211:Defying Ocean's End
9115:Salmon conservation
9105:Marine conservation
9045:The End of the Line
9038:The Sunken Billions
9007:Sustainable seafood
8992:Sustainable fishery
8605:Fisheries databases
8535:Age class structure
8505:Fisheries acoustics
8324:Terrorist incidents
8152:Eastern Partnership
8093:EEA Joint Committee
8012:European Green Deal
7982:Agricultural policy
7788:Supranational union
7279:European Commission
7237:General Secretariat
7173:European Parliament
7128:Special territories
6928:Financial stability
6613:on 14 February 2014
6494:2008MarPo..32..319S
6425:2003MarPo..27..545G
6343:Coffey, C. (2000).
6147:The Daily Telegraph
6120:2010MarPo..34.1178K
6063:2010NatCo...1...15T
6000:The Daily Telegraph
5982:The Daily Telegraph
5733:27 May 2008 at the
5420:of this section is
5332:command-and-control
5144:2021 Jersey dispute
5119:important species.
4977:Funding instruments
4231:Ext. Action Service
4216:High Representative
4182:European Federation
4056:Policies and issues
3515:EEA Joint Committee
2645:Eurozone since 2015
1667:Joint undertakings
1291:European Parliament
1072:European Commission
895:Treaty of Amsterdam
883:Single European Act
835:Schuman Declaration
789:Special territories
767:Applicant countries
639:Candidate countries
102:European Parliament
16:EU fisheries policy
9300:Outline of fishing
8919:Fisheries observer
8570:Aquatic ecosystems
8172:Northern Dimension
7919:Enlargement Policy
7861:(criminal matters)
7773:Multi-speed Europe
7466:European Ombudsman
7122:(first-level NUTS)
7105:Larger urban zones
6072:10.1038/ncomms1013
5814:on 8 October 2010.
5787:on 8 October 2010.
4927:
4770:European Community
4701:Common Travel Area
4187:Multi-speed Europe
4044:Fundamental Rights
3595:European elections
3536:
3113:
2647:
2188:
1692:European Ombudsman
1169:July–December 2024
995:Schengen Agreement
907:Berlin Declaration
877:Solemn Declaration
847:Europe Declaration
181:
160:
9326:
9325:
9322:
9321:
9318:
9317:
9282:Threatened sharks
9181:Ocean Conservancy
9166:Friend of the Sea
8796:
8795:
8792:
8791:
8704:Lobster fisheries
8649:Diversity of fish
8445:Shifting baseline
8414:Fisheries science
8366:
8365:
8285:
8284:
8272:Telephone numbers
8212:
8211:
7987:Cultural policies
7737:
7736:
7724:Unemployment rate
7546:
7545:
7406:international-law
7399:
7398:
7389:Secretary-General
7141:
7140:
7100:Geographic centre
7057:
7056:
6957:
6956:
6899:
6898:
6457:978-1-4020-3778-8
6361:on 5 October 2011
5943:. 5 February 2020
5925:on 12 March 2008.
5713:978-1-119-08566-9
5527:
5526:
5519:
5461:
5460:
5453:
5347:Maastricht Treaty
5061:exclusive mandate
4999:(EMFAF) in 2021.
4887:(ICES) and other
4870:The CFP sets the
4841:
4840:
4209:Foreign relations
2142:Associated states
1757:Anti-Fraud Office
1476:Anti-Fraud Office
1411:Advocates General
1257:Secretary-General
1141:Council of the EU
1109:Secretary-General
889:Maastricht Treaty
53:
52:
9356:
9262:Marine pollution
9066:Cetacean bycatch
9061:Incidental catch
8881:
8827:
8826:
8802:
8801:
8769:Humboldt current
8627:
8545:Trophic cascades
8485:Data storage tag
8470:Fish measurement
8465:Stock assessment
8426:
8425:
8409:
8408:
8393:
8386:
8379:
8370:
8369:
8346:
8223:
8222:
8100:Energy Community
8019:Fisheries policy
7778:Neofunctionalism
7748:
7747:
7656:
7655:
7598:Official Journal
7585:Citizens' Rights
7324:Court of Justice
7262:European Council
7210:Political groups
7161:
7160:
7152:
7151:
7123:
7068:
7067:
6848:
6847:
6816:
6815:
6761:
6760:
6740:
6733:
6726:
6717:
6716:
6665:
6663:
6642:Martinus Nijhoff
6623:
6622:
6620:
6618:
6609:. Archived from
6599:
6593:
6592:
6585:
6579:
6578:
6577:. 13 March 2024.
6571:
6565:
6564:
6562:
6560:
6549:
6543:
6542:
6540:
6538:
6527:
6521:
6520:
6518:
6477:
6468:
6462:
6461:
6443:
6437:
6436:
6406:
6400:
6399:
6377:
6371:
6370:
6368:
6366:
6360:
6354:. Archived from
6349:
6340:
6334:
6333:
6313:
6307:
6306:
6304:
6302:
6287:
6281:
6280:
6272:
6266:
6265:
6263:
6261:
6246:
6240:
6239:
6213:
6207:
6206:
6198:
6192:
6191:
6183:
6177:
6176:
6175:. 29 March 2013.
6165:
6159:
6158:
6156:
6154:
6138:
6132:
6131:
6114:(6): 1178–1182.
6101:
6095:
6094:
6084:
6074:
6040:
6034:
6033:
6031:
6029:
6017:
6008:
6007:
5992:
5986:
5985:
5973:
5967:
5966:
5959:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5948:
5933:
5927:
5926:
5921:. Archived from
5915:
5909:
5908:
5903:. Archived from
5897:
5891:
5890:
5879:
5873:
5872:
5870:
5868:
5852:
5846:
5845:
5840:
5838:
5822:
5816:
5815:
5813:
5807:. Archived from
5806:
5798:
5789:
5788:
5786:
5780:. Archived from
5779:
5771:
5765:
5752:
5746:
5743:
5737:
5724:
5718:
5717:
5697:
5625:affected the CFP
5536:Accession Treaty
5522:
5515:
5511:
5508:
5502:
5471:
5463:
5456:
5449:
5445:
5442:
5436:
5410:
5409:
5402:
5363:decentralisation
4833:
4826:
4819:
4796:
4795:
4794:
4571:
4570:
4559:
4558:
4547:
4546:
4535:
4534:
4523:
4522:
4511:
4510:
4499:
4498:
4487:
4486:
4475:
4474:
4463:
4462:
4451:
4450:
4439:
4438:
4427:
4426:
4415:
4414:
4403:
4402:
4391:
4390:
4379:
4378:
4367:
4366:
4355:
4354:
4343:
4342:
4331:
4330:
4319:
4318:
4307:
4306:
4295:
4294:
4283:
4282:
4271:
4270:
4259:
4258:
4177:Supranationalism
4084:Area of FS&J
3980:
3979:
3968:
3967:
3956:
3955:
3944:
3943:
3932:
3931:
3920:
3919:
3908:
3907:
3896:
3895:
3884:
3883:
3872:
3871:
3860:
3859:
3848:
3847:
3836:
3835:
3824:
3823:
3812:
3811:
3800:
3799:
3788:
3787:
3776:
3775:
3764:
3763:
3752:
3751:
3740:
3739:
3728:
3727:
3716:
3715:
3704:
3703:
3692:
3691:
3680:
3679:
3668:
3667:
3558:European parties
3499:
3498:
3497:
3486:
3485:
3484:
3473:
3472:
3471:
3453:
3452:
3441:
3440:
3429:
3428:
3417:
3416:
3405:
3404:
3393:
3392:
3381:
3380:
3369:
3368:
3357:
3356:
3345:
3344:
3333:
3332:
3321:
3320:
3309:
3308:
3297:
3296:
3285:
3284:
3273:
3272:
3261:
3260:
3249:
3248:
3237:
3236:
3225:
3224:
3213:
3212:
3201:
3200:
3189:
3188:
3176:
3175:
3164:
3163:
3152:
3151:
3140:
3139:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3085:
3084:
3083:
3041:
3040:
3039:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3002:
3001:
3000:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2864:
2863:
2862:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2825:
2824:
2823:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2574:
2573:
2562:
2561:
2550:
2549:
2540:Hungarian forint
2538:
2537:
2526:
2525:
2514:
2513:
2502:
2501:
2475:
2474:
2445:
2444:
2433:
2432:
2421:
2420:
2409:
2408:
2397:
2396:
2385:
2384:
2373:
2372:
2361:
2360:
2349:
2348:
2337:
2336:
2325:
2324:
2313:
2312:
2301:
2300:
2289:
2288:
2277:
2276:
2265:
2264:
2253:
2252:
2241:
2240:
2229:
2228:
2217:
2216:
2205:Eurozone members
2166:
2165:
2164:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2105:
2104:
2103:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2079:
2078:
2077:
2066:
2065:
2064:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2014:
2013:
2012:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1936:
1935:
1934:
1923:
1922:
1921:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1897:
1896:
1895:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1871:
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1806:
1805:
1804:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1636:Euratom agencies
1261:Thérèse Blanchet
1159:
1158:
1062:List of meetings
1040:European Council
913:Treaty of Lisbon
779:
778:
757:
756:
735:
734:
723:
722:
711:
710:
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510:
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497:
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458:
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432:
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419:
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393:
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380:
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367:
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328:
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315:
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289:
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263:
238:
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156:
150:
144:
138:
90:Treaty of Lisbon
79:fishing industry
48:
45:
39:
27:
26:
19:
9364:
9363:
9359:
9358:
9357:
9355:
9354:
9353:
9329:
9328:
9327:
9314:
9291:
9287:Threatened rays
9267:Mercury in fish
9240:
9139:
9125:Shark sanctuary
9083:
8980:
8914:Catch reporting
8882:
8873:
8821:
8788:
8694:Krill fisheries
8659:Coral reef fish
8644:Ocean fisheries
8635:
8628:
8619:
8460:Condition index
8431:
8420:
8403:
8397:
8367:
8362:
8349:
8342:
8333:
8281:
8262:Public holidays
8208:
8182:Global Strategy
8074:
8067:
8036:Labour mobility
7929:Global Strategy
7890:Driving licence
7832:
7808:Pro-Europeanism
7733:
7645:
7570:Competition law
7542:
7520:
7514:
7497:
7491:
7475:
7458:
7452:
7407:
7405:
7395:
7370:
7335:
7305:
7289:Vice-Presidents
7248:
7183:Vice-Presidents
7137:
7121:
7115:Protected areas
7085:External border
7053:
7015:
6953:
6922:
6895:
6882:
6864:
6837:
6807:
6798:1993–2004
6793:1973–1993
6788:1958–1972
6783:1948–1957
6750:
6744:
6686:Fishsubsidy.org
6672:
6661:
6632:
6630:Further reading
6627:
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6098:
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6018:
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6006:on 11 May 2010.
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5762:Wayback Machine
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5400:
5395:
5315:
5281:
5249:
5196:
5164:
5152:
5128:Fisheries issue
5108:
5088:
5055:as well as the
5049:
5043:
5035:illegal fishing
5023:
5015:Main articles:
5013:
4985:
4979:
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4804:Other countries
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4289:
4277:
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4201:
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4131:Pro-Europeanism
4057:
4049:
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3997:
3987:
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3573:Spitzenkandidat
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3052:Prüm Convention
3048:
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3009:
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2477:Paschal Donohoe
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2060:
2049:
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2036:
2034:
2023:
2021:
2010:
2008:
1997:
1995:
1984:
1982:
1971:
1969:
1958:
1956:
1945:
1943:
1932:
1930:
1919:
1917:
1906:
1904:
1893:
1891:
1880:
1878:
1867:
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1852:
1841:
1839:
1828:
1826:
1815:
1813:
1802:
1800:
1789:
1787:
1783:
1781:Euratom members
1777:
1767:
1766:
1738:
1733:
1703:
1700:Advisory bodies
1696:
1683:
1678:
1607:
1600:
1592:
1587:
1579:
1574:
1566:
1561:
1554:Investment Fund
1549:Investment Bank
1545:
1539:
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1530:
1496:
1486:
1485:
1457:
1452:
1444:
1436:
1428:
1427:
1397:
1389:
1381:
1380:
1379:
1372:
1356:Vice Presidents
1300:
1294:
1287:
1243:
1242:
1241:
1179:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1165:
1153:
1151:
1144:
1137:
1128:
1118:
1117:
1094:Vice Presidents
1075:
1068:
1043:
1035:
1027:
1026:
1011:
1006:
991:
986:
985:
976:
971:
970:
941:
936:
935:
930:
841:Treaty of Paris
830:
820:
819:
818:
785:
773:
770:
763:
751:
748:
741:
729:
717:
713:North Macedonia
705:
693:
681:
669:
657:
645:
642:
635:
634:
623:
621:
610:
608:
597:
595:
584:
582:
571:
569:
558:
556:
545:
543:
532:
530:
519:
517:
506:
504:
493:
491:
480:
478:
467:
465:
454:
452:
441:
439:
428:
426:
415:
413:
402:
400:
389:
387:
376:
374:
363:
361:
350:
348:
337:
335:
324:
322:
311:
309:
298:
296:
285:
283:
278:
254:
236:
227:
218:fish processing
186:
168:varying sizes.
165:
158:
154:
152:
148:
146:
142:
140:
136:
49:
43:
40:
37:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9362:
9352:
9351:
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9307:
9302:
9296:
9293:
9292:
9290:
9289:
9284:
9279:
9274:
9269:
9264:
9259:
9257:Fish slaughter
9254:
9248:
9246:
9245:Related issues
9242:
9241:
9239:
9238:
9233:
9228:
9223:
9218:
9213:
9208:
9203:
9198:
9193:
9188:
9186:Ocean Outcomes
9183:
9178:
9173:
9168:
9163:
9158:
9153:
9147:
9145:
9141:
9140:
9138:
9137:
9132:
9127:
9122:
9117:
9112:
9107:
9102:
9100:Marine reserve
9097:
9091:
9089:
9085:
9084:
9082:
9081:
9073:
9068:
9063:
9058:
9053:
9048:
9041:
9034:
9029:
9024:
9019:
9014:
9009:
9004:
8999:
8994:
8988:
8986:
8985:Sustainability
8982:
8981:
8979:
8978:
8977:
8976:
8966:
8961:
8956:
8951:
8946:
8941:
8936:
8931:
8926:
8921:
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8911:
8906:
8901:
8896:
8890:
8888:
8884:
8883:
8876:
8874:
8872:
8871:
8866:
8861:
8860:
8859:
8849:
8844:
8839:
8833:
8831:
8823:
8822:
8815:sustainability
8798:
8797:
8794:
8793:
8790:
8789:
8787:
8786:
8781:
8776:
8771:
8766:
8761:
8756:
8751:
8749:Marine habitat
8746:
8741:
8736:
8731:
8726:
8721:
8716:
8711:
8709:Shrimp fishery
8706:
8701:
8699:Kelp fisheries
8696:
8691:
8686:
8684:Crab fisheries
8681:
8676:
8671:
8666:
8661:
8656:
8651:
8646:
8640:
8638:
8630:
8629:
8622:
8620:
8618:
8617:
8612:
8607:
8602:
8597:
8592:
8587:
8582:
8577:
8572:
8567:
8565:Marine biology
8562:
8557:
8552:
8547:
8542:
8537:
8532:
8527:
8522:
8517:
8515:Coded wire tag
8512:
8507:
8502:
8497:
8492:
8487:
8482:
8477:
8472:
8467:
8462:
8457:
8455:Fish mortality
8452:
8447:
8442:
8436:
8434:
8422:
8421:
8418:wild fisheries
8405:
8404:
8402:science topics
8396:
8395:
8388:
8381:
8373:
8364:
8363:
8361:
8360:
8355:
8348:
8347:
8339:
8338:
8335:
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8331:
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8321:
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8306:
8301:
8295:
8293:
8287:
8286:
8283:
8282:
8280:
8279:
8274:
8269:
8264:
8259:
8254:
8249:
8247:Laissez-passer
8244:
8239:
8234:
8226:
8220:
8214:
8213:
8210:
8209:
8207:
8206:
8205:
8204:
8199:
8197:Current agenda
8189:
8184:
8179:
8174:
8169:
8164:
8159:
8154:
8149:
8144:
8139:
8134:
8129:
8128:
8127:
8117:
8112:
8107:
8102:
8097:
8096:
8095:
8085:
8079:
8077:
8069:
8068:
8066:
8065:
8064:
8063:
8058:
8056:Sport policies
8053:
8048:
8043:
8038:
8033:
8032:
8031:
8021:
8016:
8015:
8014:
8004:
7999:
7994:
7989:
7984:
7974:
7973:
7972:
7971:
7970:
7960:
7959:
7958:
7953:
7943:
7933:
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7931:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7915:
7914:
7899:
7898:
7897:
7892:
7887:
7877:
7872:
7867:
7862:
7856:
7851:
7840:
7838:
7834:
7833:
7831:
7830:
7825:
7820:
7815:
7810:
7805:
7803:Federalisation
7800:
7795:
7793:Euroscepticism
7790:
7785:
7780:
7775:
7770:
7765:
7760:
7754:
7752:
7745:
7739:
7738:
7735:
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7711:
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7709:
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7698:
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7647:
7646:
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7606:
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7554:
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7524:
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7516:
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7513:
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7337:
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7332:
7331:
7326:
7315:
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7307:
7306:
7304:
7303:
7302:
7301:
7296:
7291:
7286:
7276:
7275:
7274:
7269:
7258:
7256:
7250:
7249:
7247:
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7245:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7224:
7223:
7222:
7217:
7212:
7207:
7206:
7205:
7203:Constituencies
7195:
7190:
7185:
7180:
7169:
7167:
7158:
7149:
7143:
7142:
7139:
7138:
7136:
7135:
7130:
7125:
7117:
7112:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7095:Extreme points
7092:
7087:
7082:
7077:
7071:
7065:
7059:
7058:
7055:
7054:
7052:
7051:
7046:
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6863:
6862:
6857:
6851:
6845:
6839:
6838:
6836:
6835:
6830:
6824:
6822:
6820:Defence policy
6813:
6809:
6808:
6806:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6769:
6767:
6758:
6752:
6751:
6749: articles
6747:European Union
6743:
6742:
6735:
6728:
6720:
6714:
6713:
6707:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6671:
6670:External links
6668:
6667:
6666:
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6544:
6522:
6488:(3): 319–325.
6463:
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6419:(6): 545–554.
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5685:
5684:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5636:
5633:
5617:
5614:
5603:
5600:
5587:
5584:
5578:
5575:
5569:
5566:
5551:
5548:
5525:
5524:
5475:
5473:
5466:
5459:
5458:
5414:
5412:
5405:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5314:
5308:
5280:
5277:
5276:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5248:
5245:
5244:
5243:
5232:
5231:
5225:
5218:
5207:
5195:
5192:
5163:
5160:
5151:
5148:
5136:Channel Island
5107:
5104:
5096:Danish straits
5087:
5084:
5042:
5039:
5012:
5009:
4981:Main article:
4978:
4975:
4958:
4955:
4942:
4939:
4918:
4915:
4901:
4898:
4867:
4864:
4862:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4854:
4851:
4848:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4828:
4821:
4813:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4806:
4800:
4787:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4766:
4765:
4760:
4748:
4746:Defunct bodies
4745:
4744:
4741:
4740:
4737:
4736:
4731:
4724:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4696:
4695:
4690:
4689:
4688:
4683:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4576:
4575:
4563:
4551:
4539:
4527:
4515:
4503:
4491:
4479:
4467:
4455:
4443:
4431:
4419:
4407:
4395:
4383:
4371:
4359:
4347:
4335:
4323:
4321:Czech Republic
4311:
4299:
4287:
4275:
4263:
4246:
4244:
4243:
4241:Defence Policy
4238:
4236:Foreign Policy
4233:
4226:
4225:
4213:
4212:
4207:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4199:
4198:
4197:
4196:
4195:
4194:
4184:
4179:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4150:
4140:
4139:
4138:
4136:Euroscepticism
4133:
4128:
4123:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4088:
4087:
4086:
4076:
4075:
4074:
4064:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4041:
4039:Recommendation
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4020:
4019:
4014:
3998:
3993:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3972:
3960:
3948:
3936:
3924:
3912:
3900:
3888:
3876:
3864:
3852:
3840:
3828:
3816:
3804:
3792:
3780:
3768:
3756:
3744:
3732:
3730:Czech Republic
3720:
3708:
3696:
3684:
3672:
3655:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3578:Constituencies
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3549:
3544:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3528:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3491:
3478:
3462:Non-EU members
3460:
3458:
3457:
3445:
3433:
3421:
3409:
3397:
3385:
3373:
3361:
3349:
3337:
3325:
3313:
3301:
3289:
3277:
3265:
3253:
3241:
3229:
3217:
3205:
3203:Czech Republic
3193:
3181:
3168:
3156:
3144:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3105:
3104:
3090:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3047:
3046:
3033:
3020:
3007:
2991:Non-EU members
2989:
2987:
2986:
2973:
2960:
2947:
2934:
2921:
2908:
2895:
2882:
2869:
2856:
2843:
2830:
2817:
2804:
2791:
2778:
2765:
2752:
2739:
2726:
2724:Czech Republic
2713:
2700:
2687:
2674:
2660:
2655:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2600:
2599:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2579:
2578:
2566:
2554:
2542:
2530:
2518:
2506:
2487:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2455:
2450:
2449:
2437:
2425:
2413:
2401:
2389:
2377:
2365:
2353:
2341:
2329:
2317:
2305:
2293:
2281:
2269:
2257:
2245:
2233:
2221:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2180:
2179:
2172:
2171:
2169:United Kingdom
2158:
2140:
2137:
2136:
2123:
2110:
2097:
2084:
2071:
2058:
2045:
2032:
2019:
2006:
1993:
1980:
1967:
1954:
1941:
1928:
1915:
1902:
1889:
1876:
1863:
1861:Czech Republic
1850:
1837:
1824:
1811:
1798:
1784:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1714:
1709:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1689:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1675:
1674:
1673:of the Euratom
1671:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1645:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1575:
1573:
1572:
1562:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1551:
1541:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1519:Euro banknotes
1516:
1511:
1497:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1438:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1325:
1313:Largest groups
1310:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1270:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1249:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1192:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1177:Configurations
1175:
1166:
1152:
1145:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1129:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1081:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1018:
1007:
1005:
1004:
998:
989:Other treaties
987:
977:
972:
942:
937:
931:
929:
928:
927:
926:
921:
910:
904:
901:Treaty of Nice
898:
892:
886:
880:
874:
868:
865:Euratom Treaty
862:
859:Treaty of Rome
856:
850:
844:
838:
831:
826:
825:
822:
821:
817:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
784:
783:
764:
762:
761:
742:
740:
739:
727:
715:
703:
691:
679:
667:
655:
636:
633:
632:
619:
606:
593:
580:
567:
554:
541:
528:
515:
502:
489:
476:
463:
450:
437:
424:
411:
398:
385:
372:
359:
357:Czech Republic
346:
333:
320:
307:
294:
280:
279:
273:
272:
269:
268:
265:
264:
256:
255:
250:
247:
246:
235:
232:
226:
223:
185:
182:
164:
161:
153:
147:
141:
135:
121:European Union
113:Treaty of Rome
71:European Union
69:policy of the
51:
50:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9361:
9350:
9349:Fisheries law
9347:
9345:
9342:
9340:
9337:
9336:
9334:
9311:
9308:
9306:
9303:
9301:
9298:
9297:
9294:
9288:
9285:
9283:
9280:
9278:
9277:Shark finning
9275:
9273:
9272:Shark culling
9270:
9268:
9265:
9263:
9260:
9258:
9255:
9253:
9250:
9249:
9247:
9243:
9237:
9234:
9232:
9229:
9227:
9224:
9222:
9219:
9217:
9214:
9212:
9209:
9207:
9204:
9202:
9201:Sea Around Us
9199:
9197:
9194:
9192:
9189:
9187:
9184:
9182:
9179:
9177:
9176:Seafood Watch
9174:
9172:
9169:
9167:
9164:
9162:
9159:
9157:
9154:
9152:
9149:
9148:
9146:
9142:
9136:
9133:
9131:
9128:
9126:
9123:
9121:
9118:
9116:
9113:
9111:
9108:
9106:
9103:
9101:
9098:
9096:
9093:
9092:
9090:
9086:
9080:
9078:
9077:Shrimp-Turtle
9074:
9072:
9069:
9067:
9064:
9062:
9059:
9057:
9054:
9052:
9049:
9047:
9046:
9042:
9040:
9039:
9035:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9020:
9018:
9015:
9013:
9010:
9008:
9005:
9003:
9000:
8998:
8995:
8993:
8990:
8989:
8987:
8983:
8975:
8972:
8971:
8970:
8967:
8965:
8962:
8960:
8957:
8955:
8952:
8950:
8947:
8945:
8942:
8940:
8939:Pulse fishing
8937:
8935:
8932:
8930:
8927:
8925:
8922:
8920:
8917:
8915:
8912:
8910:
8907:
8905:
8902:
8900:
8897:
8895:
8892:
8891:
8889:
8885:
8880:
8870:
8867:
8865:
8862:
8858:
8855:
8854:
8853:
8850:
8848:
8845:
8843:
8840:
8838:
8837:Fisheries law
8835:
8834:
8832:
8828:
8824:
8820:
8816:
8812:
8808:
8807:Fisheries law
8803:
8799:
8785:
8782:
8780:
8777:
8775:
8772:
8770:
8767:
8765:
8762:
8760:
8757:
8755:
8752:
8750:
8747:
8745:
8742:
8740:
8737:
8735:
8732:
8730:
8727:
8725:
8722:
8720:
8717:
8715:
8712:
8710:
8707:
8705:
8702:
8700:
8697:
8695:
8692:
8690:
8689:Eel fisheries
8687:
8685:
8682:
8680:
8679:Cod fisheries
8677:
8675:
8672:
8670:
8667:
8665:
8664:Demersal fish
8662:
8660:
8657:
8655:
8652:
8650:
8647:
8645:
8642:
8641:
8639:
8637:
8631:
8626:
8616:
8613:
8611:
8608:
8606:
8603:
8601:
8598:
8596:
8593:
8591:
8588:
8586:
8583:
8581:
8578:
8576:
8573:
8571:
8568:
8566:
8563:
8561:
8558:
8556:
8553:
8551:
8548:
8546:
8543:
8541:
8540:Trophic level
8538:
8536:
8533:
8531:
8528:
8526:
8523:
8521:
8518:
8516:
8513:
8511:
8508:
8506:
8503:
8501:
8498:
8496:
8493:
8491:
8488:
8486:
8483:
8481:
8478:
8476:
8473:
8471:
8468:
8466:
8463:
8461:
8458:
8456:
8453:
8451:
8448:
8446:
8443:
8441:
8438:
8437:
8435:
8433:
8427:
8423:
8419:
8415:
8410:
8406:
8401:
8394:
8389:
8387:
8382:
8380:
8375:
8374:
8371:
8359:
8356:
8354:
8351:
8350:
8345:
8341:
8340:
8336:
8330:
8327:
8325:
8322:
8320:
8317:
8315:
8312:
8310:
8307:
8305:
8302:
8300:
8297:
8296:
8294:
8292:
8288:
8278:
8275:
8273:
8270:
8268:
8265:
8263:
8260:
8258:
8257:Media freedom
8255:
8253:
8250:
8248:
8245:
8243:
8240:
8238:
8235:
8233:
8232:
8228:
8227:
8224:
8221:
8219:
8215:
8203:
8200:
8198:
8195:
8194:
8193:
8190:
8188:
8185:
8183:
8180:
8178:
8175:
8173:
8170:
8168:
8165:
8163:
8160:
8158:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8148:
8145:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8135:
8133:
8130:
8126:
8123:
8122:
8121:
8118:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8108:
8106:
8103:
8101:
8098:
8094:
8091:
8090:
8089:
8086:
8084:
8081:
8080:
8078:
8076:
8070:
8062:
8059:
8057:
8054:
8052:
8049:
8047:
8044:
8042:
8039:
8037:
8034:
8030:
8027:
8026:
8025:
8022:
8020:
8017:
8013:
8010:
8009:
8008:
8005:
8003:
8002:Energy policy
8000:
7998:
7995:
7993:
7992:Customs Union
7990:
7988:
7985:
7983:
7980:
7979:
7978:
7977:Single market
7975:
7969:
7966:
7965:
7964:
7961:
7957:
7954:
7952:
7949:
7948:
7947:
7944:
7942:
7939:
7938:
7937:
7934:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7913:
7910:
7909:
7908:
7905:
7904:
7903:
7900:
7896:
7893:
7891:
7888:
7885:
7881:
7880:identity card
7878:
7876:
7873:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7863:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7854:Schengen Area
7852:
7850:
7847:
7846:
7845:
7842:
7841:
7839:
7835:
7829:
7826:
7824:
7821:
7819:
7816:
7814:
7811:
7809:
7806:
7804:
7801:
7799:
7796:
7794:
7791:
7789:
7786:
7784:
7781:
7779:
7776:
7774:
7771:
7769:
7766:
7764:
7761:
7759:
7756:
7755:
7753:
7749:
7746:
7744:
7740:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7708:
7705:
7704:
7703:
7700:
7694:
7691:
7690:
7689:
7686:
7685:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7660:
7657:
7654:
7652:
7648:
7640:
7637:
7635:
7632:
7631:
7630:
7627:
7625:
7622:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7607:
7605:
7602:
7600:
7599:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7586:
7583:
7582:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7575:Copyright law
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7557:
7555:
7553:
7549:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7525:
7523:
7517:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7502:
7500:
7494:
7488:
7485:
7484:
7482:
7478:
7472:
7469:
7467:
7464:
7463:
7461:
7455:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7432:EIB Institute
7431:
7429:
7426:
7424:
7421:
7420:
7418:
7416:
7413:
7412:
7410:
7402:
7390:
7387:
7386:
7385:
7382:
7381:
7379:
7377:
7373:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7351:
7350:
7347:
7346:
7344:
7342:
7338:
7330:
7329:General Court
7327:
7325:
7322:
7321:
7320:
7317:
7316:
7314:
7312:
7308:
7300:
7297:
7295:
7294:Commissioners
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7281:
7280:
7277:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7264:
7263:
7260:
7259:
7257:
7255:
7251:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7229:
7228:
7225:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7204:
7201:
7200:
7199:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7184:
7181:
7179:
7176:
7175:
7174:
7171:
7170:
7168:
7166:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7144:
7134:
7131:
7129:
7126:
7124:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7110:Member states
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7073:
7072:
7069:
7066:
7064:
7060:
7050:
7047:
7045:
7042:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7026:
7024:
7022:
7018:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6968:
6966:
6964:
6960:
6950:
6948:
6943:
6941:
6939:
6934:
6933:
6931:
6929:
6925:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6910:
6908:
6906:
6902:
6892:
6889:
6888:
6885:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6870:
6867:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6852:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6840:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6825:
6823:
6821:
6817:
6814:
6810:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6770:
6768:
6766:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6753:
6748:
6741:
6736:
6734:
6729:
6727:
6722:
6721:
6718:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6673:
6660:
6659:
6653:
6651:
6650:90-411-1263-4
6647:
6643:
6640:
6639:
6634:
6633:
6612:
6608:
6606:
6598:
6590:
6584:
6576:
6570:
6554:
6548:
6532:
6526:
6515:
6511:
6507:
6503:
6499:
6495:
6491:
6487:
6483:
6482:
6481:Marine Policy
6474:
6467:
6459:
6453:
6449:
6442:
6434:
6430:
6426:
6422:
6418:
6414:
6413:
6412:Marine Policy
6405:
6397:
6393:
6389:
6385:
6384:
6383:Marine Policy
6376:
6357:
6353:
6346:
6339:
6331:
6327:
6323:
6319:
6312:
6297:
6293:
6286:
6278:
6271:
6255:
6251:
6245:
6237:
6235:9781137567024
6231:
6227:
6223:
6219:
6212:
6204:
6197:
6189:
6182:
6174:
6170:
6164:
6148:
6144:
6137:
6129:
6125:
6121:
6117:
6113:
6109:
6108:
6107:Marine Policy
6100:
6092:
6088:
6083:
6078:
6073:
6068:
6064:
6060:
6056:
6052:
6051:
6046:
6039:
6023:
6016:
6014:
6005:
6001:
5997:
5991:
5983:
5979:
5972:
5964:
5958:
5942:
5938:
5932:
5924:
5920:
5914:
5906:
5902:
5896:
5888:
5884:
5878:
5862:
5861:fullfact.org/
5858:
5851:
5844:
5832:
5828:
5821:
5810:
5803:
5797:
5795:
5783:
5776:
5770:
5763:
5759:
5756:
5751:
5742:
5736:
5732:
5729:
5723:
5715:
5709:
5705:
5704:
5696:
5692:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5638:
5632:
5630:
5626:
5623:
5613:
5610:
5599:
5597:
5592:
5583:
5574:
5565:
5562:
5558:
5550:1970s and 80s
5547:
5543:
5541:
5537:
5533:
5521:
5518:
5510:
5507:February 2017
5500:
5496:
5492:
5486:
5485:
5481:
5476:This section
5474:
5470:
5465:
5464:
5455:
5452:
5444:
5434:
5430:
5424:
5423:
5419:
5413:
5404:
5403:
5390:
5388:
5387:section above
5386:
5379:
5376:
5371:
5368:
5364:
5359:
5356:
5352:
5348:
5344:
5339:
5337:
5333:
5329:
5324:
5323:Member States
5320:
5313:
5307:
5305:
5304:Faroe Islands
5301:
5296:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5286:trawl fishing
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5260:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5241:
5237:
5236:
5235:
5230:
5226:
5223:
5219:
5216:
5212:
5208:
5205:
5201:
5200:
5199:
5191:
5189:
5185:
5181:
5177:
5173:
5169:
5159:
5157:
5147:
5145:
5141:
5137:
5133:
5129:
5125:
5120:
5117:
5113:
5103:
5101:
5097:
5093:
5083:
5081:
5077:
5072:
5070:
5066:
5062:
5058:
5054:
5048:
5038:
5036:
5031:
5027:
5022:
5018:
5008:
5006:
5000:
4998:
4994:
4990:
4984:
4974:
4972:
4968:
4967:section below
4966:
4954:
4950:
4948:
4938:
4935:
4931:
4923:
4914:
4911:
4906:
4897:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4881:
4877:
4873:
4855:
4852:
4849:
4846:
4845:
4844:
4834:
4829:
4827:
4822:
4820:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4811:
4805:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4789:
4788:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4749:
4743:
4742:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4714:
4712:
4709:
4706:
4702:
4699:
4698:
4694:
4691:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4678:
4676:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4582:
4579:
4578:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4224:
4223:Josep Borrell
4221:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4210:
4205:
4204:
4193:
4190:
4189:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4174:
4173:
4170:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4158:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4144:
4141:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4114:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4077:
4073:
4070:
4069:
4068:
4067:Customs Union
4065:
4063:
4060:
4059:
4053:
4052:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4018:
4015:
4012:
4011:ECJ Case 6/64
4008:
4005:
4004:
4003:
4000:
3999:
3996:
3991:
3990:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3935:
3930:
3925:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3596:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3583:Apportionment
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3547:
3542:
3541:
3532:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
3516:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3503:
3492:
3490:
3489:Liechtenstein
3479:
3477:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3124:
3119:
3118:
3109:
3102:
3091:
3089:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3034:
3032:
3021:
3019:
3018:Liechtenstein
3008:
3006:
2995:
2994:
2992:
2985:
2974:
2972:
2961:
2959:
2948:
2946:
2935:
2933:
2922:
2920:
2909:
2907:
2896:
2894:
2883:
2881:
2870:
2868:
2857:
2855:
2844:
2842:
2831:
2829:
2818:
2816:
2805:
2803:
2792:
2790:
2779:
2777:
2766:
2764:
2753:
2751:
2740:
2738:
2727:
2725:
2714:
2712:
2701:
2699:
2688:
2686:
2675:
2673:
2662:
2661:
2658:
2657:Schengen Area
2653:
2652:
2643:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2597:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2577:
2576:Swedish krona
2572:
2567:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2505:
2504:Bulgarian lev
2500:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2491:
2485:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2467:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2364:
2359:
2354:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2256:
2251:
2246:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2206:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2184:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2159:
2157:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2135:
2124:
2122:
2111:
2109:
2098:
2096:
2085:
2083:
2072:
2070:
2059:
2057:
2046:
2044:
2033:
2031:
2020:
2018:
2007:
2005:
1994:
1992:
1981:
1979:
1968:
1966:
1955:
1953:
1942:
1940:
1929:
1927:
1916:
1914:
1903:
1901:
1890:
1888:
1877:
1875:
1864:
1862:
1851:
1849:
1838:
1836:
1825:
1823:
1812:
1810:
1799:
1797:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1776:
1771:
1770:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1730:
1727:
1723:
1720:
1719:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1619:AFSC agencies
1618:
1616:CFSP agencies
1615:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1565:
1558:EIB Institute
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1535:
1534:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1506:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1490:
1489:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1442:
1432:
1431:
1424:
1423:General Court
1421:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1395:
1385:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1369:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1332:Iratxe García
1329:
1326:
1323:
1322:Manfred Weber
1319:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1293:
1292:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1157:
1150:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1122:
1121:
1114:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1104:Civil Service
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1088:Von der Leyen
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1041:
1031:
1030:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
992:
990:
984:
980:
975:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
940:
934:
925:
922:
920:
917:
916:
914:
911:
908:
905:
902:
899:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
878:
875:
872:
871:Merger Treaty
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
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271:
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35:
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9088:Conservation
9076:
9043:
9036:
8948:
8819:conservation
8774:Algal blooms
8759:Water column
8674:Pelagic fish
8654:Coastal fish
8600:OSTM/Jason-2
8575:Bioeconomics
8510:Acoustic tag
8480:Fish counter
8229:
8051:Space policy
8018:
7719:Average wage
7714:Minimum wage
7597:
7341:Central bank
7156:Institutions
7080:Demographics
6963:Enlargements
6946:
6937:
6905:Central bank
6812:Predecessors
6657:
6637:
6615:. Retrieved
6611:the original
6604:
6597:
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6569:
6559:10 September
6557:. Retrieved
6547:
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6535:. Retrieved
6525:
6485:
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6466:
6450:. Springer.
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6356:the original
6351:
6338:
6324:(2): 64–74.
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6299:. Retrieved
6295:
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6276:
6270:
6258:. Retrieved
6256:. 4 May 2006
6253:
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6205:. Routledge.
6202:
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6163:
6151:. Retrieved
6146:
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5913:
5905:the original
5895:
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5877:
5865:. Retrieved
5860:
5850:
5842:
5835:. Retrieved
5833:. London, UK
5831:The Guardian
5830:
5820:
5809:the original
5782:the original
5769:
5764:at europa.eu
5750:
5741:
5722:
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5489:Please help
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5312:subsidiarity
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5290:
5282:
5257:
5250:
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5059:. EU has an
5050:
5032:
5028:
5024:
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4960:
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4932:
4928:
4910:minimum size
4907:
4903:
4875:
4871:
4869:
4842:
4754:(1958–1993)
4247:
4214:
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4094:Agricultural
4017:Subsidiarity
3656:
3594:
3508:
3461:
3128:
3073:
2990:
2595:
2564:Romanian leu
2552:Polish złoty
2528:Danish krone
2516:Czech koruna
2488:
2483:
2464:
2456:
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2203:
2141:
1780:
1735:
1698:
1680:
1602:
1589:
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1542:
1538:Other bodies
1454:
1439:
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853:Spaak Report
765:
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170:Fish farming
166:
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9012:Overfishing
8924:Catch share
8754:Marine snow
8739:Sardine run
8724:Fish screen
8719:Fish ladder
8669:Forage fish
8329:Urban areas
8192:Enlargement
7870:Citizenship
7619:LGBT rights
7457:Independent
7272:Euro summit
7188:Secretariat
7165:Legislature
7021:Withdrawals
6617:21 February
6510:11441/26241
5863:. Full Fact
5755:EU Glossary
5319:centralised
4489:Netherlands
4172:Integration
4116:Citizenship
3898:Netherlands
3371:Netherlands
3129:EEA members
3044:Switzerland
2893:Netherlands
2399:Netherlands
2156:Switzerland
2043:Netherlands
1347:(2019–2024)
1345:9th session
1252:Secretariat
1023:(2015–2016)
539:Netherlands
225:Aquaculture
201:Fraserburgh
9333:Categories
9236:Greenpeace
8944:Slot limit
8887:Management
8811:management
8779:Dead zones
8734:Salmon run
8714:Eel ladder
8610:Institutes
8450:Fish stock
8304:Directives
8202:Statistics
8024:Healthcare
7763:Eurosphere
7668:Currencies
7639:Withdrawal
7614:Regulation
7419:EIB Group
7364:Eurosystem
7232:Presidency
7193:Committees
7133:Statistics
6803:Since 2004
6390:(1): 1–5.
6254:EUobserver
6024:. BBC News
5687:References
5418:neutrality
5355:devolution
5336:governance
5186:, and the
5126:occurred,
5092:Baltic Sea
5005:overfished
4465:Luxembourg
4024:Regulation
3874:Luxembourg
3347:Luxembourg
2867:Luxembourg
2375:Luxembourg
2017:Luxembourg
1628:SRM bodies
1524:Euro coins
1368:Conference
1148:Presidency
924:Article 50
701:Montenegro
513:Luxembourg
100:, and the
9206:WorldFish
9171:SeaChoice
8784:Fish kill
8764:Upwelling
8729:Migration
8636:fisheries
8430:Fisheries
8252:Languages
8231:Douzelage
8075:relations
7875:passports
7798:Euromyths
7702:Transport
7580:Directive
7408:EU bodies
7354:President
7311:Judiciary
7284:President
7267:President
7254:Executive
7242:Eurogroup
7198:Elections
7178:President
7075:Geography
7063:Geography
6681:OCEAN2012
6605:Agritrade
6057:(2): 15.
5984:. London.
5594:In 2009,
5540:Greenland
5478:does not
5441:July 2016
5429:talk page
5351:Community
5300:Greenland
5279:Criticism
5116:North Sea
4453:Lithuania
4104:Fisheries
4090:Policies
4029:Directive
3862:Lithuania
3546:Elections
3335:Lithuania
3103:(Opt-out)
2854:Lithuania
2465:President
2458:Eurogroup
2363:Lithuania
2004:Lithuania
1670:of the EU
1501:President
1304:President
1200:Eurogroup
1113:Juhansone
1084:President
1047:President
919:Article 7
500:Lithuania
205:Peterhead
190:UK waters
130:The EU's
83:EU budget
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9216:HERMIONE
9144:Advocacy
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8590:FishBase
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8530:EcoSCOPE
8353:Category
8267:Religion
8073:Foreign
8061:VAT Area
7941:Eurozone
7837:Policies
7751:Concepts
7743:Politics
7683:Eurozone
7634:opt-outs
7629:Treaties
7519:Military
7496:Advisory
7480:Agencies
7120:Regions
6778:Founders
6765:Timeline
6514:Archived
6365:31 March
6301:31 March
6260:12 April
6173:Euronews
6149:. London
6091:20975682
5941:BBC News
5758:Archived
5731:Archived
5635:See also
5422:disputed
5383:see the
5302:and the
5213:and the
5132:Guernsey
5094:and the
5007:stocks.
4971:European
4549:Slovenia
4537:Slovakia
4513:Portugal
4285:Bulgaria
4126:Identity
4109:Regional
4034:Decision
3958:Slovenia
3946:Slovakia
3922:Portugal
3694:Bulgaria
3431:Slovenia
3419:Slovakia
3395:Portugal
3166:Bulgaria
2958:Slovenia
2945:Slovakia
2919:Portugal
2698:Bulgaria
2604:Bulgaria
2435:Slovenia
2423:Slovakia
2411:Portugal
2108:Slovenia
2095:Slovakia
2069:Portugal
1822:Bulgaria
1361:Quaestor
1207:AGRIFISH
933:Opt-outs
604:Slovenia
591:Slovakia
565:Portugal
318:Bulgaria
243:a series
184:Catching
9252:CalCOFI
9221:PROFISH
9151:FishAct
9051:Bycatch
8585:Ecopath
8500:Biomass
8432:science
8400:Fishery
8344:Outline
8277:Symbols
8218:Culture
7707:TRACECA
7651:Economy
7459:offices
6756:History
6490:Bibcode
6421:Bibcode
6153:30 June
6116:Bibcode
6059:Bibcode
5947:17 June
5561:defined
5499:removed
5484:sources
5398:Origins
5393:History
5082:(WTO).
4705:Ireland
4675:History
4525:Romania
4417:Ireland
4405:Hungary
4381:Germany
4357:Finland
4345:Estonia
4333:Denmark
4297:Croatia
4273:Belgium
4261:Austria
4007:Primacy
3934:Romania
3826:Ireland
3814:Hungary
3790:Germany
3766:Finland
3754:Estonia
3742:Denmark
3706:Croatia
3682:Belgium
3670:Austria
3476:Iceland
3407:Romania
3299:Ireland
3287:Hungary
3263:Germany
3239:Finland
3227:Estonia
3215:Denmark
3178:Croatia
3154:Belgium
3142:Austria
3101:Ireland
3005:Iceland
2932:Romania
2815:Hungary
2789:Germany
2763:Finland
2750:Estonia
2737:Denmark
2711:Croatia
2685:Belgium
2672:Austria
2634:Romania
2619:Hungary
2614:Denmark
2609:Czechia
2327:Ireland
2303:Germany
2279:Finland
2267:Estonia
2243:Croatia
2231:Belgium
2219:Austria
2082:Romania
1965:Ireland
1952:Hungary
1926:Germany
1900:Finland
1887:Estonia
1874:Denmark
1835:Croatia
1809:Belgium
1796:Austria
1775:Euratom
1504:Lagarde
1416:Rulings
1406:Members
1328:S&D
1308:Metsola
1297:Members
1276:COREPER
1162:Hungary
1057:Parties
1053:(ALDE)
915:(2007)
737:Ukraine
689:Moldova
677:Georgia
653:Albania
578:Romania
461:Ireland
448:Hungary
422:Germany
396:Finland
383:Estonia
370:Denmark
331:Croatia
305:Belgium
292:Austria
209:pelagic
34:updated
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8358:Portal
7663:Budget
7560:Acquis
7521:bodies
7498:bodies
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5837:3 July
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4501:Poland
4441:Latvia
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4369:France
4309:Cyprus
4099:Energy
4062:Budget
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2041:
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1991:Latvia
1989:
1976:
1963:
1950:
1939:Greece
1937:
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1913:France
1911:
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1848:Cyprus
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1351:Bureau
1247:Voting
1217:COMPET
1195:ECOFIN
1051:Michel
1017:(2004)
1003:(1992)
997:(1985)
909:(2007)
903:(2001)
897:(1997)
891:(1992)
885:(1986)
879:(1983)
873:(1965)
867:(1957)
861:(1957)
855:(1956)
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843:(1951)
837:(1950)
781:Kosovo
759:Turkey
725:Serbia
630:Sweden
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6662:(PDF)
6517:(PDF)
6476:(PDF)
6359:(PDF)
6348:(PDF)
6028:5 May
5812:(PDF)
5805:(PDF)
5785:(PDF)
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2339:Italy
2121:Spain
2030:Malta
1978:Italy
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1090:(EPP)
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526:Malta
474:Italy
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9079:case
8817:and
8634:Wild
8416:and
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7039:1985
7034:1984
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6981:1981
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7552:Law
6691:WWF
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