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some distance from the village, and violated her. Although she might have born this in silence from one of her own tribe, she was not as equally forbearing with regard to a stranger, and immediately informed her husband of the outrage. He lost no time in seeking revenge, and shot the Spokan as he entered the village. The others fled to their own lands, and prepared for war. A succession of sanguinary conflicts followed, in the course of which the greatest warriors of both side were nearly destroyed. At the end of a year, however, hostilities ceased; since which period they have been at peace. The two nations now intermarry, and appear to be on the best terms of friendship.
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816:, the Superfund statute. Hecla Mining Company will pay $ 263.4 million plus interest to the United States and other parties to "resolve claims stemming from releases of wastes from its mining operations. Settlement funds will be dedicated to restoration and remediation of natural resources in the Coeur d'Alene Basin." The trustees intend to restore habitat for fish, birds and other natural resources, for stewardship while working for economic progress in the region. This was one of the top 10 settlement cash awards in Superfund history.
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their lands not now reserved to them; that their present reserve may be confirmed to them." Successive government acts put a reservation boundary across Lake Coeur d'Alene, rather than following customary practice of using the high water line, and reduced the size of the reservation to 345,000 acres (1,400 km) near
239:
Concerned at the slow pace of progress, in 1991 the tribe filed suit against mining companies for damages and cleanup costs, joined in 1996 by the United States and in 2011 by the state of Idaho. Settlements were reached with major defendants in 2008 and 2011, providing funds to be used in removal of
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Traditionally the tribe had a flexible kinship system with both paternal and maternal lines recognized within the extended family. People may claim ancestors on either side, and address all cousins the same. This enabled them to have a flexible society, as they would live in differently sized groups
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by executive order. Chief Peter
Moctelme traveled to Washington D.C. to meet with the President to discuss his disagreement of allotments. Upon ratification, Chief Peter Moctelme's land was reduced by 1/3 and sold to white settlers. The US agreement with the tribe "expressly included part of the St.
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The
Pointed Hearts, or as the Canadians call them, les Coeurs d' Alênes (Hearts of Awls), are a small tribe inhabiting the shores of a lake about fifty miles to the eastward of Spokan House. Their country is tolerably well stocked with beaver, deer, wild-fowl, &c.; and its vegetable productions
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In 1991, the Coeur d'Alene Tribe began the Coeur d'Alene Basin
Restoration Project. That year tribal leaders, including Henry SiJohn, Lawrence Aripa, and Richard Mullen, decided to file a lawsuit against the mining companies, as they were concerned that cleanup progress by EPA and the state was too
548:
As of 1885, Congress had neither ratified the 1873 agreement nor compensated the Tribe. This inaction prompted the Tribe to petition the
Government again, to "make with us a proper treaty of peace and friendship ... by which your petitioners may be properly and fully compensated for such portion of
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peoples, the Coeur d'Alene people first encountered
Europeans in 1793. Then their economy was based on fishing, hunting, and plant gathering, with seasonal migratory patterns and retreating to clustered semi-subterranean dwellings during the winter months. The precontact lifeways of Interior Salish
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About twenty years before our arrival , the
Spokans and Pointed Hearts were at war, caused by a kind of Trojan origin. A party of the former had been on a hunting visit to the land of the latter , and were hospitably received. One day, a young Spokan discovered the wife of a Pointed Heart alone,
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In 2001 the United States and the Coeur d'Alene litigated a 78-day trial against Hecla and ASARCO over liability issues. In 2008, ASARCO LLC, reached a settlement of $ 452 million with the Coeur d'Alene Tribe and United States for the Bunker Hill site after emerging from
Chapter 11 bankruptcy.
937:, politician; in 1984 she was the first Native American woman elected to the Idaho State House, where she served as representative for four years. She is granddaughter of Ignace Garry and niece of Joseph Garry. She was chair of the North Idaho College Board of Trustees; appointed by President
778:
Tribal traditions include a respect and reverence for natural law, and for responsible environmental stewardship. The tribe is active in the protection, conservation and enhancement of fish and wildlife resources; as well as conservation issues that impact tribal land and water resources.
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Due to extensive mining and smelting operations in the
Panhandle during the 19th and 20th centuries, there was hazardous waste in water discharges and pollution in air emissions. The mining industry "left several thousand acres of land and tributaries, connected to the Coeur d'Alene Basin,
525:(originally Temsed), Idaho, are named for him. The United States acquired this territory in 1846 by treaty with Great Britain. European-American settlers and other immigrants began to move from the United States into parts of the territory in the 1840s. After the Indian defeat in the
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are similar to those of Spokan. Some of this tribe occasionally visited our fort at the latter place with furs to barter, and we made a few excursions to their lands. We found them uniformly honest in their traffic; but they did not evince the same warmth of friendship for us as the
659:, on September 2, 1949, and amended in 1961. The constitution provides for an elected Tribal Council to serve as the legislature and governing body of the Tribe. It defined all tribal members of voting age as the General Council. At the time, the Tribe was still governed by
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as a national model for Indian Health Care and rural health care. The clinic provides comprehensive primary care services including dental, mental health services, and community health outreach services to both the Native
American population and general community.
620:. It gained approval of a written constitution in 1949 and elected representatives to the Tribal Council. In the 1950s, the tribe was one of several that came under termination pressure by the United States Congress. It helped found the
224:. It said that the Coeur d'Alene were the traditional owners and that the Executive Branch and Congress had clearly included this area in their reservation, with compensation for ceded territory. This area was designated in 1983 by the
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peoples are not widely written about, but available evidence favors the possibility of a recent expansion from the coast to the interior, possibly related to an increase in coastal population about 600 to 900 years ago.
872:-Coeur d'Alene). Alexie wrote the screenplay and served as film producer. The film focuses on a personal quest journey of two young men from the Coeur d'Alene Reservation. It was an all-Native American production.
833:. The case was initiated by the US government to "quiet title" with the state, and the Tribe entered to assert its interest. The State of Idaho had appealed a lower court decision but that was upheld by the
663:, the last traditional chief. The seven members of the tribal council are elected by citizens of the tribe to 3-year terms; with staggered expiration years. The elected head of the tribe is the chairman.
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In 2011 the government, the Coeur d'Alene, and the state of Idaho (which joined the suit that year) reached settlement with the Hecla Mining
Company to resolve one of the largest cases ever filed under
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The tribe also operates the Benewah Automotive Center, the Benewah Market, the first three floors of the Coeur d'Alene Resort, and Ace Hardware, which are located a few miles south of Worley at
981:, Tribal Council, one of three leaders who brought the 1991 tribal lawsuit against the mining companies for environmental cleanup; vice chairman from October 1998 to his death in February 1999
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region of Idaho and neighboring areas of what is today eastern Washington and western Montana, occupying an area of more than 3.5 million acres (14,164 km) of grass-covered hills,
858:(1998) is an independent film that was set in the Coeur d'Alene Reservation. It was based on the short story, "This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona", collected in the book
743:. The tribe has invested in two businesses, a manufacturing plant (BERG Integrated Systems), and a bakery (HearthBread Bakery), in both of which the tribe owns a majority share.
975:, historian, one of three leaders who brought the 1991 tribal lawsuit against the mining companies for environmental cleanup; also on Tribal Council and served as vice chairman
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Within Idaho, in the late 20th century the Coeur d'Alene organized with the four other federally recognized tribes in the state to form the Five Tribes Council, including the
692:, son of Chief Ignace, was the first Native American to be elected to the Idaho state legislature. He also served as chairman of the tribe for 10 years. In 1984 his niece,
987:, musician and younger brother of Mildred Bailey, grew up on the reservation. Member of the popular trio "The Rhythm Boys" with Bing Crosby and Harry Barris through 1931.
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The Skeetshue or Pointed Hearts Indians dwell further southward , about Skeetshue Lake and River; they are a distinct nation, and have a different language from the
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The Columbia River, or scenes and adventures during a residence of six years on the western side of the Rocky Mountains among various tribes of Indians hitherto unknown;
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1304:, University of British Columbia (2009); M. Ritchie et al., "Beyond culture history: Coast Salish Settlement Patterning and Demography in the Fraser Valley, BC,"
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of the Coeur d'Alene, serving with a group from 1935 to 1948, and as chief from 1949 until his death in 1965. Since then chairmen have been elected democratically.
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is reported from Coeur d'Alene phrasebooks since the 1970s. A modern speaker of Coeur d'Alene was reported as interpreting this name as "the discovered people".
931:, son of Ignace, politician and the first Native American elected to the Idaho State House; also elected as Chairman of the Coeur d'Alene, serving for 10 years.
581:, which includes the lower third of Lake Coeur d'Alene and the Saint Joe River, and their submerged lands. Members of the tribe reside in such area cities as
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375:, forested mountains, lakes, marshes, and river habitat. The territory extended from the southern end of Lake Pend Oreille in the north, running along the
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643:. The peoples work together for mutual benefit, for instance, in applying for grants or negotiating with the state government on Native American affairs.
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The federally recognized tribe was named the Coeur D'Alene Tribe of the Coeur D'Alene Reservation, but they shortened it to Coeur D'Alene Tribe.
732:. Tribal gaming employs about 500 and generates about $ 20 million in profits annually, funding programs, contributing to economic development.
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contaminated with heavy metals." These mining operations have contributed "an estimated 100 million tons of mine waste to the river system."
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of May–September 1858, many more speculators were attracted after the discovery of silver in 1863 in the north Panhandle near the city of
901:, one of three leaders who brought the 1991 tribal lawsuit against mining companies for environmental cleanup; vice chairman 1990 to 1998
420:
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Pullman: The DeSmet Project, Washington State University in association with the Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press, 1993.
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624:, an organization to represent the Salish peoples in both Coastal and Plateau tribes, and resisted termination of its federal status.
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In the early 21st century, the federally recognized Tribe has approximately 2,000 enrolled citizens. The Tribe manages the sovereign
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in Santa Fe, N.M., where she served as chair for several years; and served on Board of Directors of Americans for Indian Opportunity
465:. They are very numerous, and have a vast number of horses, as their country is open and admits of breeding them in great abundance.
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of the Coeur d'Alene; he served until his death in 1965. During this period the tribe worked to restore its government under the
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In 1873 the Coeur d'Alene lands were reduced to approximately 600,000 acres (940 sq mi; 2,400 km) when President
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and other companies for damages and recovery of cleanup costs of the site. In 1996 their suit was joined by the United States.
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1405:"Hecla Mining Company to Pay $ 263 Million in Settlement to Resolve Idaho Superfund Site Litigation and Foster Cooperation"
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In 1935, Ignace Garry was one of a group of chiefs who managed the tribe. In 1949 he was selected as the last traditional
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ruled against the state's claim of the submerged lands of the lower third of Lake Coeur d'Alene and related waters of the
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Joe River (then called the St. Joseph), and all of Lake Coeur d'Alene except a sliver cut off by the northern boundary."
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Khwi' Khwe Guł Schi̲tsu'umsh = "These Are The Coeur d'Alene People" : A Book Of Coeur d'Alene Personal Names
533:. Mining and development revealed this to be an area of the second-largest silver deposits in the United States.
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1148:"Indian Entities Recognized by and Eligible To Receive Services From the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs"
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407:. The tribe supplemented hunting and gathering activities by fishing the St. Joe and Spokane rivers. They used
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vol. 12 (1998), p. 325. "A modern Coeur d'Alene speaker has translated the name as the discovered people from
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Mooney, J. (1908). Coeur d'Alêne Indians. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company (
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in the west. At the center of this region was Lake Coeur d'Alene. The abundant natural resources included
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825:(2001) that the Coeur d'Alene tribe has legal jurisdiction over the submerged land of the lower third of
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from 2014 to 2018; at her reelection in 2016, she was the only Democrat in state office north of Boise.
696:, was the first Native American woman to be elected to the Idaho state legislature, serving two terms.
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829:, which the US holds in trust for the tribe, as well as under a related 20 miles (32 km) of the
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993:, lyricist and younger brother of Mildred Bailey, grew up on the reservation. Active in Los Angeles.
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Coeur d'Alene Mission of the Sacred Heart on Lake Coeur d'Alene in Idaho, United States, about 1855.
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Available online through the Washington State Library's Classics in Washington History collection
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907:(1907–1951), popular jazz singer and recording artist of the 1930s and 1940s, performed with
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1356:, Blog, National Museum of the American Indian, December 19, 2014; accessed May 30, 2016
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traded and traveled in their lands from 1810 to 1814. He wrote about the Coeur d'Alene:
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The earliest written description of the Coeur d'Alene people comes from the journals of
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Historically the Coeur d'Alene occupied a territory of 3.5 million acres in present-day
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The tribe has worked with the US Department of Justice in filing suit also against the
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peoples, which tribes occupy areas of the inland plateau and the coastal areas of the
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Dennis Zotigh, "Meet Native America: Paulette E. Jordan, Idaho House Representative"
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together with "A Journey across the American Continent," first published in 1831.
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to one of the chiefs of the tribe noted for his stinginess. The alternative name
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and then the North West Company, spent considerable time at the trading post of
1407:, Press release, US Department of Justice, June 13, 2011; accessed May 31, 2016
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682:. He served in administrative and elected positions in the tribe and with the
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674:, Allan grew up in Idaho on the Coeur d'Alene Reservation and graduated from
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486:, and expressed no desire for the establishment of a trading post among them.
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Sacred Encounters: Father DeSmet and the Indians of the Rocky Mountain West.
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In a related case, at the turn of the 21st century, U.S. courts ruled in
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and thirty miles (50 km) south of the city of Coeur d'Alene, via
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The tribal farm covers about 6,000 acres (24 km). It produces
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The tribe reorganized under a written constitution approved by the
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Becky Kramer, "Hecla Mining Co. settles Superfund cleanup lawsuit"
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during different seasons, in order to adapt to the environment.
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Tribal businesses include the Coeur d'Alene Casino, Hotel, and
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Historically, the Coeur d'Alene lived in what would become the
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rivers, as well as sites on the shores of Lake Coeur d'Alene,
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The Coeur d'Alene Tribe operates a health care facility, the
517:, who was active throughout the Northwest. The twin towns of
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by Rodney Frey, University of Washington Digital Collection
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Coeur d'Alene people and tipis, Desmet Reservation, c. 1907
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Lancaster, Pennsylvania: American Folklore Society, 1917.
319:(1805) and was later popularly said to have been given by
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703:, which opened in 1998. The center was described by the
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A Brief History of the Coeur d'Alene Indians: 1806–1909
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Coeur D'Alene man, Phillip Wildshoe and family, in his
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in Washington, DC before being elected as chairman.
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1062:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
670:("Chief" is his given first name). Born in 1972 in
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844:over contamination of the lake and related lands.
244:and restoration of habitat and natural resources.
199:The Coeur d'Alene have sovereign control of their
1612:Manners and Customs of the Coeur d'Alene Indians.
1536:"Jeanne Givens Receives Presidential Appointment"
1380:, JUSTIA: US Supreme Court, accessed May 30, 2016
429:Aboriginal territory of the Coeur d'Alene tribe,
1754:Federally recognized tribes in the United States
1715:
1621:. Fairfield, Washington: Ye Galleon Press, 1981.
847:
1007:Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation
787:Environmental suit, land claim and compensation
1461:"Area Offices: Portland; Tribe: Coeur d'Alene"
1318:Journals of Alexander Henry and David Thompson
1254:The Journals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition
861:The Lone Ranger and Tonto Fistfight in Heaven
724:, about three miles (5 km) northwest of
345:vol. 1 (1853). This is an exonym used by the
27:Native American tribe in Idaho, United States
1744:Native American tribes in Washington (state)
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1729:Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Plateau
1526:. March 16, 2012. Retrieved March 27, 2012.
1426:Maureen Dolan, "The last traditional chief"
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601:(part on the reservation, population 734),
421:Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Plateau
411:, spears, nets, traps and angled for fish.
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203:, which includes a significant portion of
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1626:Folk-Tales of Salish and Sahaptin Tribes.
1595:Bloodlines: Odyssey of a Native Daughter.
1478:
1476:
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1122:Learn how and when to remove this message
1693:, Northwest Portland Indian Health Board
1570:February 16, 1999; accessed May 31, 2016
1564:AP, "Henry Sijohn, Coeur D'alene Leader"
1542:November 21, 1997; accessed May 30, 2016
1432:November 10, 2010; accessed May 30, 2016
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796:Superfund site. They filed suit against
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1516:"Idaho tribe: ‘Mrs. Swing’ was Indian."
1505:October 14, 1998; accessed May 31, 2016
1340:
1306:Journal of Anthropological Archaeology,
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1499:"Lawrence Aripa, 72, CDA tribal elder"
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622:Affiliated Tribes of Northwest Indians
553:, south of the town of Coeur d'Alene.
1614:Spokane: Peltier: Publications, 1975.
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895:-Coeur d'Alene), author and filmmaker
885:(Chief, Coeur d'Alene Band 1907–1932)
794:Bunker Hill Mine and Smelting Complex
684:National Congress of American Indians
315:". The name is first recorded by the
230:Bunker Hill Mine and Smelting Complex
1489:June 14, 2011; accessed May 31, 2016
1158:(FR 2112): 2112–16. January 12, 2023
1060:adding citations to reliable sources
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657:United States Department of Interior
501:Many of the tribe were converted to
72:Regions with significant populations
1308:Volume 43 (September 2016), 140-54.
259:. They lived in villages along the
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1279:Handbook of North American Indians
1229:The Linguistics Student's Handbook
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666:Since 2005, the chairman has been
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1739:Native American tribes in Montana
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943:Institute of American Indian Arts
941:to the Board of Directors of the
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618:Indian Reorganization Act of 1934
1670:Lifelong Learning Online Project
1301:Prehistory of Salishan languages
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542:Coeur d'Alene Indian Reservation
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1734:Native American tribes in Idaho
1529:
1508:
1454:
1327:
1179:"American FactFinder – Results"
1047:needs additional citations for
915:, became known as "Mrs. Swing".
379:of Montana in the east, to the
226:Environmental Protection Agency
1709:Reichard's Coeur d'Alene Texts
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1256:, vol. 7 (1991) p. 219, fn. 1.
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967:Idaho House of Representatives
291:language. They are one of the
232:, the nation's second-largest
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1:
1598:New York: Random House, 1993.
1451:, Coeur d'Alene Tribe website
1333:See Chapter 22 of Ross Cox's
848:Representation in other media
792:slow in the Basin and at the
770:among its natural resources.
676:Eastern Washington University
646:
1624:Teit, James and Franz Boas.
362:
7:
1697:
1680:Coeur d’Alene Tribal School
1442:"Tribal Council: Chief Bio"
1289:'people' (Nicodemus 1975)."
1012:Kootenai-Salish (Flatheads)
997:
957:, Democratic candidate for
835:United States Supreme Court
469:Ross Cox, a clerk with the
447:Alexander Henry the younger
329:Alexander Henry the younger
311:translates to "heart of an
283:. Their native language is
218:United States Supreme Court
190:federally recognized tribes
10:
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1470:, US Indian Health Service
1466:November 17, 2011, at the
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453:. He and British explorer
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317:Lewis and Clark Expedition
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965:and former member of the
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207:and its submerged lands.
201:Coeur d'Alene Reservation
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718:Circling Raven Golf Club
653:Bureau of Indian Affairs
449:, a fur trader with the
18:Coeur d'Alene Tribe
1704:Hnqwa̱'qwe'elm language
1675:Coeur educational video
629:Kootenai Tribe of Idaho
557:20th century to present
477:between 1812 and 1817:
391:and up to just east of
342:Pacific Railroad Report
302:
1601:Peterson, Jacqueline.
1592:Hale, Janet Campbell.
1376:Idaho v. United States
1071:"Coeur d'Alene people"
842:Union Pacific Railroad
822:Idaho v. United States
701:Benewah Medical Center
570:
498:
491:
467:
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383:and North Fork of the
213:Idaho v. United States
174:Coeur d'Alene language
1653:Idaho Natives Project
1540:The Spokesman-Review,
1447:June 7, 2016, at the
1183:factfinder.census.gov
1177:Bureau, U.S. Census.
705:Indian Health Service
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419:Further information:
352:The self-designation
186:Native American tribe
1658:Coeur d’Alene Casino
1227:Laurie Bauer, 2007,
1189:on February 14, 2020
1056:improve this article
1002:Neighboring tribes:
1724:Coeur d'Alene tribe
1691:Coeur d’Alene Tribe
1685:Coeur d'Alene Essay
1645:Coeur d'Alene Tribe
1524:The Wenatchee World
1378:533 U.S. 262 (2001)
949:Janet Campbell Hale
921:, last traditional
766:. It also harvests
567:Chalmers automobile
515:St. Louis, Missouri
507:Pierre-Jean De Smet
471:Pacific Fur Company
123:Coeur d'Alene Tribe
67:1,976 (2015 census)
37:
36:Coeur d'Alene Tribe
1649:, official website
1588:Idaho Encyclopedia
1554:, official website
1213:has generic name (
827:Lake Coeur d'Alene
739:, in northwestern
571:
499:
451:North West Company
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253:eastern Washington
236:site for cleanup.
205:Lake Coeur d'Alene
112: •
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1617:Peltier, Jerome.
1610:Peltier, Jerome.
1552:"Givens Law Firm"
1503:Lewiston Tribune,
1324:, Vol. II, p. 711
1298:M. Dale Kinkade,
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959:governor of Idaho
668:Chief James Allan
503:Roman Catholicism
387:in the south, to
297:Pacific Northwest
289:Interior Salishan
277:Lake Pend Oreille
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16:(Redirected from
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1152:Federal Register
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720:in southwestern
637:Shoshone-Bannock
540:established the
538:Ulysses S. Grant
513:missionary from
431:cdatribe-nsn.gov
385:Clearwater River
377:Bitterroot Range
307:The French name
285:Snchitsu'umshtsn
242:hazardous wastes
192:in the state of
188:and one of five
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62:Total population
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1758:
1749:Interior Salish
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1584:"Coeur d’Alene"
1579:
1577:Further reading
1574:
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955:Paulette Jordan
879:
850:
789:
776:
722:Kootenai County
714:
649:
641:Shoshone-Paiute
559:
505:in 1842 by Fr.
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439:Interior Salish
423:
417:
365:
327:is recorded by
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293:Salish language
257:western Montana
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1637:External links
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889:Sherman Alexie
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883:Peter Moctelme
878:
877:Notable people
875:
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866:Sherman Alexie
849:
846:
788:
785:
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741:Benewah County
713:
710:
648:
645:
558:
555:
455:David Thompson
416:
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364:
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321:French traders
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249:northern Idaho
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527:Skitswish War
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475:Spokane House
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393:Spokane Falls
390:
389:Steptoe Butte
386:
382:
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374:
373:camas-prairie
370:
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354:Schi̲tsu'umsh
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222:St. Joe River
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180:Schi̲tsu'umsh
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114:Coeur d'Alene
111:
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86:United States
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1191:. Retrieved
1187:the original
1182:
1172:
1160:. Retrieved
1155:
1151:
1118:
1112:January 2010
1109:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1078:
1066:
1054:Please help
1049:verification
1046:
1001:
979:Henry SiJohn
939:Bill Clinton
929:Joseph Garry
919:Ignace Garry
859:
854:
839:
820:
818:
810:
806:
798:Hecla Mining
790:
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698:
690:Joseph Garry
688:
665:
661:Ignace Garry
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547:
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509:, a Belgian
500:
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468:
460:
444:
436:
366:
358:
353:
351:
340:
337:George Gibbs
332:
331:in 1810 (as
324:
309:Cœur d'Alêne
308:
306:
246:
238:
216:(2001), the
211:
209:
198:
179:
169:
122:
120:
42:Schitsu'umsh
32:Ethnic group
29:
1664:Idaho v. US
1285:'find' and
1231:, Edinburgh
1211:|last=
281:Hayden Lake
1718:Categories
1430:CDA Press,
1082:newspapers
864:(1993) by
647:Government
599:St. Maries
463:Flat Heads
433:(ca. 2003)
409:gaff hooks
269:Clark Fork
1017:Nez Perce
985:Al Rinker
800:Company,
633:Nez Perce
405:whitefish
369:Panhandle
363:Geography
335:) and by
333:Skeetshue
325:Skitswish
234:Superfund
170:Skitswish
104:Languages
44:Skitswish
1698:Language
1464:Archived
1445:Archived
1203:cite web
998:See also
951:, writer
591:Parkline
587:Harrison
347:Sahaptin
184:) are a
1269:(1987).
1193:May 17,
1096:scholar
1022:Spokane
893:Spokane
870:Spokane
774:Culture
760:lentils
737:Plummer
712:Economy
672:Spokane
595:Plummer
551:Plummer
519:De Smet
484:Spokans
415:History
381:Palouse
273:Spokane
265:St. Joe
168:; also
162:kur-də-
110:English
1162:May 1,
1098:
1091:
1084:
1077:
1069:
814:CERCLA
802:ASARCO
768:timber
764:canola
762:, and
752:barley
726:Worley
680:Cheney
639:, and
607:Worley
605:, and
603:Tensed
583:DeSmet
523:Tensed
511:Jesuit
403:, and
401:salmon
279:, and
271:, and
95:
83:
1103:JSTOR
1089:books
1028:Notes
923:chief
748:wheat
614:chief
397:trout
287:, an
194:Idaho
98:Idaho
1522:via
1287:-umš
1283:čic-
1215:help
1195:2018
1164:2023
1075:news
963:2018
911:and
756:peas
521:and
303:Name
255:and
164:LAYN
121:The
1058:by
961:in
678:in
437:An
339:in
313:awl
228:as
210:In
135:ɜːr
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