491:, also known as the Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode is the main factor in tropospheric circulation variability south of 20S and is characterized by pressure anomalies with one situated in the Antarctic and one situated in a band at around 40–50S around the globe. It mainly affects middle and high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere. It is characterized by the north–south displacement of the westerly wind belt that circle around Antarctica. Such variation in the position of the westerly wind belt affects the intensity and position of cold fronts and mid latitude storm systems and is partly responsible for variation in precipitation in the southern parts of Argentina. The Antarctic Oscillation is characterized by two phases: a positive and a negative phase. A positive phase is when the westerly wind belt is displaced to the south. The positive phase occurs when there is increased surface pressure over the southern parts of the South American continent and decreased pressure in Antarctica. This results in stronger westerly winds in the southern parts of the country while preventing cold fronts from penetrating inland, producing more stable conditions. Furthermore, the positive phase leads to warmer conditions south of 40S, particularly during the summer in areas between 40 and 60S. Precipitation is lower due to less frontal and orographic precipitation resulting from reduced westerly wind flow between 40 and 60S. Opposite conditions occur in the negative phase when the westerly wind belt is shifted equatorward. Cold fronts moving northwards from the south penetrate more frequently, leading to more precipitation and cooler temperatures during the negative phase. The major effect of negative phase of the Antarctic Oscillation occurs in spring when it increases precipitation over southeastern South America.
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related to cereals and oilseeds. Argentina is highly dependent on water supplies originating outside its borders, making it highly vulnerable to changes in water supply due to climate change. In arid parts of the country, agricultural production is highly dependent on irrigation, making it vulnerable to droughts as they can reduce the availability of water which can negatively affect the commercial production of agricultural products or food security for smaller producers that depend on agriculture to feed their families. Droughts are frequent and devastating. Several years of droughts during the last decade have severely affected agricultural production and reduced economic growth. In 2018, a severe drought affected the country from the final months of 2017 to April 2018 was the worst in the last 50 years and one of the 10 most destructive climate related events in the world in 2018. Rainfall in some parts of the country were 50% below normal from
December to February. As a result of this, yields of soybeans and maize were reduced by 31% and 20% respectively, both of which make up 37% of all of Argentina's exports. The drought lead to $ 6 billion in losses and caused the country to enter into a recession. It was labelled by some to be the most expensive disaster on record. Before the drought in 2018, a drought in 2009 was previously the worst drought in more than 50 years. Many cattle died of hunger, and huge swaths of soy, corn and wheat fields were affected. It was estimated that the country lost more than US$ 5 billion from the drought. A drought in 2011 affected farming of soy and corn, causing losses of US$ 2.5 billion.
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high pressure systems in the South
Pacific and an increase in cyclonic activity (more low pressure systems) in the South Atlantic. This creates conditions that are favourable for bringing cold air from the south, particularly when there is a formation of a high pressure system over Patagonia (associated with the passage of a front) that is responsible for bringing cold air from the south. Thus, invasions of cold air from the south are more common during La Niña events. In contrast, warm spells in the Pampas and northern parts of the country are more intense and frequent during El Niño events. This is due to stronger westerly winds south of 40S, leading to less frequent incursions of cold air from the south while enhancing winds from the north that bring in warm air. Although La Niña events lead to colder winters with more frequent incursions of cold air in both the north and central parts of the country, it leads to more frequent and intense warm spells in the last months of the year. In other regions, El Niño events lead to more frequent and intense warm spells in Northwest Argentina (during autumn), northeast Argentina (during spring) and central Argentina (during summer). Cold air anomalies arising from El Niño events are observed during spring and are the result of an increase in rainfall that lead to reductions in insolation. For the southern parts of the country, El Niño events are associated with more intense and frequent cold spells during the coldest months. In summer, El Niño events are associated with warmer summer temperatures in the southern parts of the country.
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475:). Although the exact mechanisms are unknown, the impacts of the changes in atmospheric circulation patterns caused by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation are more clearly observed in the more humid eastern parts of the country (between Uruguay and southern Brazil). During El Niño events, precipitation is more higher than normal while during La Niña events, precipitation is lower than normal in the Pampas. In general, El Niño tends to increase precipitation during late spring and summer, particularly in the north. The impacts of La Niña in the eastern parts of the country (northeast and the Pampas) are observed in winter where precipitation is lower. In Northwest Argentina, El Niño events are associated with a strong reduction in rainfall during summer. In contrast, La Niña events increase precipitation in northwest Argentina. In the central–western parts of Patagonia, spring precipitation tends to be lower during La Niña events and higher during El Niño events. Summer precipitation exhibits an opposite pattern where La Niña years involve wetter summers while El Niño years featuring drier summers. On the Andes in central western Argentina, precipitation is higher during El Niño year.
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435:. The Chaco Low brings large amounts of moisture that favour the development of convective thunderstorms during summer, reaching as far south as 35S. This movement of air from the north owing to the interaction between the Chaco Low and the South Atlantic high is the strongest in summer when the Chaco Low is at its strongest. These winds bring hot, humid tropical air from the north. Sustained and intense winds from the north are responsible for severe weather events such as heat waves and severe convection. During winter, the Chaco Low weakens as a result of lower insolation. This is partly responsible for the decrease in winter precipitation over much of Argentina (in addition to northward displacement of westerlies) due to a weaker transport of air masses from the tropics. This excludes areas south of 40S where it is dominated by westerlies.
323:, especially in mid-April. Frost arrives notably earlier in the south and later in the north. Mean temperatures can exceed 22 °C (72 °F) in the northern parts of the country, while they can touch 16 °C (61 °F) in most of the central parts of the country, and less than 6 °C (43 °F) at the higher altitudes. As autumn progresses, mean temperatures fall in all regions, with March warmer than May. In the north, mean temperatures range from 24 °C (75 °F) in March to 18 °C (64 °F) in May. In the central parts of the country, mean temperatures in March are between 18 and 22 °C (64 and 72 °F), dropping to 10 and 14 °C (50 and 57 °F) in May. The mean temperature in Tierra del Fuego Province in the extreme south is 10 °C (50 °F), and occasionally lower.
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persisted for more than a year, negatively impacting the area both socially and economically. Major flooding events in the Parana River include those of 1992 and 1997 and have been more frequent since the 1980s due to higher precipitation trends. Similarly, in Buenos Aires
Province, flooding occurs due to river overflows and poor water drainage; major flooding events in the province occurred in 1987, 2002/2003, 2012 and in 2014, causing damage to agriculture production. Most of the flooding events occur in El Niño years owing to higher rainfall. Flooding can also affect Patagonia and urban centers in the northwest, but the number of people affected and economic losses are lower than those in the Pampas owing to lower population densities. Flooding can jeopardize access to safe water. A
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America. As it begins to move, this high pressure system strengthens the South
Pacific High and is forced to move southwards to south of 40S where the Andes are shorter in height. As well, an upper-level ridge forms over the South Pacific Ocean along with an upper-level trough extending from subtropical latitudes to the South Atlantic Ocean. At the same time, a low pressure system forms over the South Atlantic Ocean which eventually strengthens. The formation a cold front associated with it moves to the northeast owing to the topographic barrier that the Andes forms. The passage of the cold front to the northeast leads to the movement of the high pressure system from the South Pacific Ocean into the southern tip of South America. All of these conditions lead to strong
372:. South of 40S, the Andes are lower in altitude, allowing much of Patagonia to be dominated by westerly winds and air masses from the Pacific Ocean. However, the north–south orientation of the Andes creates a barrier for humid air masses originating from the Pacific Ocean. This is because they force these air masses upwards, cooling adiabatically. Most of the moisture is dropped on the Chilean side, causing abundant precipitation and cloudiness while on the Argentine side, the air warms adiabatically, causing it to become drier as it descends. Thus, an extensive rain–shadow is present in much of Patagonia, causing it to receive very little precipitation. The Sierras Pampeanas influences the climate on a much smaller scale than the Andes.
511:. Similar to the Antarctic Oscillation, the Indian Ocean Dipole is characterized by two phases: a positive and a negative phase. In the positive phase, the eastern section of the tropical Indian Ocean is cooler (lower sea surface temperature) and the western section is warmer than normal (higher sea surface temperature). On the other hand, the negative phase is characterized by warmer sea surface temperatures on the eastern section and cooler sea surface temperatures on the western section of the tropical Indian Ocean. Studies have shown that the Indian Ocean Dipole is partly responsible for variations in precipitation in Argentina and South America in general. During a positive phase, precipitation is higher in the
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19:
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530:
3760:
30:
3698:, a city located in the Andean foothills, experiences frequent hailstorms that can impact the agriculture of the region. Hailstorms have caused serious losses in both urban and rural areas. It is estimated that wine and fruit production experience yearly losses of US$ 50 million and US$ 30 million, respectively, due to hail. Most of these hailstorms occur in the summer although they can occur in winter, particularly in the east where warm and humid air from the north frequently collides with cold air from the south, leading to convective thunderstorms that can produce hail.
216:
181:
388:). The Brazil Current transports warm subtropical waters southwards while the Malvinas Current transports cold, subantarctic waters northwards. The Malvinas Current cools the coastal areas, particularly during winter when the current is stronger. Thus, coastal areas of the Pampas have cooler summers and a longer frost period owing to the cold Malvinas Current. As well, it is the main factor in making Tierra del Fuego colder than at comparable latitudes in the northern hemisphere in Europe since it is influenced by the cold Malvinas Current rather than the warm
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results in the coldest temperatures due to the cold masses from high latitudes being pulled northwards. A weaker cold wave occurs when the South
Pacific High remains over the ocean and does not have a migratory high pressure system originating from the South Pacific High that moves east of the Andes (it builds over the Andes). Although this occurs throughout the year, during winters, it leads to cold temperatures while during summer, it leads to strong and deep convections. These convections are responsible for about 50% of summer precipitation south of 25S.
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country, where agricultural production has expanded to the west by more than 100 km (62 mi) in areas that were previously too dry during middle of the 20th century. In contrast, the Andean part of
Patagonia, along with the Cuyo region, has seen a decrease in precipitation, leading to a reduction in river flow in the last 100 years. These trends were observed with an increase in the river–stream flows in most of the country, excluding rivers originating from the Andes, and an increase in extreme precipitation events that led to considerable
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1003:(as shown in map) also belong in this region, having similar climatic and soil characteristics to it. It has an arid or a semi-arid climate. The region's wide range in latitude, combined with altitudes ranging from 500 m (1,600 ft) to nearly 7,000 m (23,000 ft), means that it has a variety of different climate types. In general, most of the region has a temperate climate, with valleys at higher altitudes having a milder climate. At the highest altitudes (over 4,000 m (13,123 ft)), icy conditions persist year round.
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348:
883:
309:
934:. The high rainfall on these first slopes creates a thick jungle that extends in a narrow strip along these ranges. The temperate valleys, the location of major cities such as Salta and Jujuy, have an average precipitation ranging between 500 and 1,000 mm (20 and 39 in), with rainfall mainly concentrated in the summer months, often falling in short but heavy bursts. Valleys in the southern parts of the region are drier than those in the north due to the greater height of the Andes and the
758:
906:, and Tucumán Province. Although Santiago del Estero Province is part of northwest Argentina, much of the province lies in the Chaco region. Northwest Argentina is predominantly dry, hot, and subtropical. Owing to its rugged and varied topography, the region is climatically diverse, depending on the altitude, temperature and distribution of precipitation. Consequently, the vegetation will also differ. Under the Köppen climate classification, the region has five different climate types: semi–arid (
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3799:. Heat waves could become more frequent and intense, negatively impacting agricultural production while placing more demand on energy needs. Intense precipitation could become more common, increasing the likelihood of suffering from events such as flooding, since most of its population lives in urban areas near a body of water (rivers, lakes and oceans). Though most of the coastal regions of Argentina will not suffer permanent flooding associated with
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transports moisture from the
Atlantic Ocean to Argentina. This occurs throughout the year due to the atmospheric pressure being lower on land than in the ocean. Much of the north and central parts of the country are affected by the South Atlantic High, with a strong influence in the eastern parts than in the west. This is due to the eastern parts being more frequently affected by the South Atlantic High, causing precipitation to decrease westwards.
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southward displacement of the South
Atlantic and South Pacific High (this makes it difficult for cold fronts to enter at lower latitudes). The Chaco Low interacts with the South Atlantic High, generating a pressure gradient that draws moist air from the northeast to coastal and central regions of Argentina. It also forces easterly winds from the Amazon basin to move southward, which is reinforced by the funneling effect from both the Andes and the
3780:. This is affecting water availability to the arid areas of the country that depend on glacier meltwater. Higher temperatures can reduce winter snowfall, causing river flow to decrease, which in turn can reduce hydroelectric energy production; losses of up to 40% have been observed. There has been a decrease in the number of days with frost, and there have been increases in the frequency of hot nights and heat waves throughout the country.
3745:. These snowstorms and/or extremely cold conditions can partially or completely paralyze activities in large areas of Patagonia and the center of the country. In addition, cold conditions can lead to energy shortages during the winter months due to increased demand. The low temperatures brought by these cold waves can cause frosts that can damage plants, severely affecting agricultural production and devastating the local economy.
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receive more precipitation than the western areas since they receive more summer rainfall. Precipitation is highly variable from year to year and appears to follow a cycle between dry and wet years in periods of about 2, 4–5, 6–8, and 16–22 years. In wet years, easterly winds caused by the subtropical South
Atlantic High are stronger, causing moisture to flow towards this region; during dry years, these winds are weaker.
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and San Luis
Province, have a milder climate with mean annual temperatures ranging from 12 to 18 °C (54 to 64 °F). Throughout the region, the diurnal range is great, with very high temperatures during the day followed by cold nights. In all locations, at altitudes over 3,800 m (12,500 ft), permafrost is present; icy conditions persist year round at altitudes over 4,000 m (13,000 ft).
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50 mm (2 in) – and occasionally below 25 mm (0.98 in) – much lower than other regions; Patagonia receives a monthly precipitation of 10 to 25 mm (0.4 to 1.0 in). In the central and northern parts of the country, January is usually the wettest month, with an average monthly precipitation of 100 mm (4 in) in most places, even exceeding 200 mm (8 in) in some places.
1051:. It is subdivided into two parts: the humid Pampas to the east, and the dry/semi–arid Pampas to the west. The Pampas has land that is appropriate for agriculture and raising livestock. It is a mostly flat area, interrupted only by the Tandil and Ventana sierras in its southern portion. The climate of the Pampas is characterized as temperate and humid with no dry season, featuring hot summers and mild winters (
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toward the east and ranges from under 500 mm (20 in) in the south and west to 1,200 mm (47 in) in the northeast. Precipitation is fairly evenly distributed throughout the year in the easternmost parts of the Pampas; in the western parts, most of the precipitation is concentrated during the summer months, and winters are drier. The Pampas are influenced by the
1130:. The Patagonian climate is classified as arid to semi-arid and temperate to cool temperate. One defining characteristic are the strong winds from the west which blow year round (stronger in summer than in winter), which favors evaporation and is a factor in making the region mostly arid. There are three major factors that influence the climate of the region: the Andes, the
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annual temperatures range from 5 °C (41 °F) in the far south to 25 °C (77 °F) in the north. Shown below are the mean monthly temperature and precipitation for selected places in Argentina along with the overall averages for the country (based on a 0.5 latitude/longitude grid). Year-round averages and totals are displayed along with conversions to
963:, which occurs more often during the winter months, can raise temperatures up to 35 °C (95 °F) with strong gusts, sometimes causing crop damage. Temperatures in the Puna region are much colder, with a mean annual temperature of less than 10 °C (50 °F) owing to the high altitude. The Puna region is characterized by being cold with a large
244:. Temperatures range from 20 °C (68 °F) in the north to 14 °C (57 °F) in the center, and 8 to 14 °C (46 to 57 °F) in most of Patagonia. Tierra del Fuego Province and the higher altitudes of the Andes have the coolest springs, with mean temperatures below 8 °C (46 °F). Temperatures grow warmer as spring progresses.
3791:. In both scenarios, the projected monkeying will be more pronounced during the summer months. The predicted trend for precipitation is not as clear as the one for temperature. In the northern and central regions, precipitation is predicted to increase while in most of central–western Argentina and Patagonia, precipitation is predicted to decrease.
3602:, which becomes a source of fine material that can travel large distances during periods of strong wind. Dust storms are more frequent during droughts, particularly in agricultural areas. Dust storms can effect large areas, leading to numerous impacts. These dust storms can lead to loss of crop and livestock, affecting the local economy. Productive
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prolonged than at comparable latitudes in the northern hemisphere. The northern parts of the country have the warmest temperatures, with an average of 14 °C (57 °F); the central parts are cooler, with an average of 10 °C (50 °F). In the extreme south, mean temperatures are below 4 °C (39 °F). At higher altitudes in the
1075:, as well as the most consistently active tornado region outside the central and southeastern US. These are usually followed a day or two of strong Pampero winds from the south, which bring cool, dry air. Precipitation in the summer is high, with monthly amounts averaging between 90 mm (4 in) and 160 mm (6 in) in most places.
327:
and 20 in). In most of the western parts of northwest Argentina, Patagonia (except for western Patagonia where precipitation is higher, averaging 100 to 200 mm (4 to 8 in)) and Cuyo regions, precipitation can average less than 50 mm (2 in). In the northwest, precipitation decreases as autumn progresses, ushering in the
717:
north to south. Summer precipitation levels range from a low of 300 mm (12 in) to a high of 450 mm (18 in). In this season, most rain falls during convective thunderstorms. Autumn is one of the rainiest seasons, with many places receiving over 350 mm (14 in). As in summer, precipitation falls mainly during
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evaporation rates. In most of Patagonia, precipitation is concentrated in the winter months, except for the northeastern and southern parts, where precipitation is more evenly distributed. Thunderstorms are infrequent, occurring only during summer. Snowfall occurs mainly in the west and south, which can result in strong snowstorms.
673:, the climate is arid with mean annual precipitation around 200 mm (8 in). Temperatures in Patagonia exceed 0 °C (32 °F) during winter months and owing to the maritime influences of the surrounding Pacific and Atlantic oceans, the thermal amplitude is smaller than at similar latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere.
53:, where it is the driest season. The climate is warm in the north, cool in the center, and cold in the southern parts, that experience frequent frost and snow. Because the southern parts of the country are moderated by the surrounding oceans, the cold is less intense and prolonged than areas at similar latitudes in the
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temperate climate with annual precipitation between 800 and 1,200 mm (31 and 47 in) and mean annual temperatures between 15 and 20 °C (59 and 68 °F). The climate in the center of the country becomes more arid towards the west. In the south (Patagonia), most precipitation falls in the
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The influence of the Pacific Ocean, general circulation patterns, and the topographic barrier caused by the Andes results in one of the strongest precipitation gradients in the world. Precipitation steeply decreases from west to east, ranging from 4,000 mm (160 in) in the west on the Andean
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oceans. These valleys receive less than 200 mm (8 in) of precipitation per year and are characterized by sparse vegetation adapted to the arid climate. The area further west in the Puna region, with an average altitude of 3,900 m (12,800 ft), is mostly a desert due to the blocking
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to a low of 450 to 500 mm (18 to 20 in) in the west and southwest. Summer witnesses the maximum precipitation. Summer rains are intense, and torrential rain is common, occasionally causing floods and soil erosion. During the winter months, precipitation is sparse. Eastern areas receive more
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The South Atlantic High and the South Pacific High both influence the pattern of winds and precipitations in Argentina. Owing to the greater height of the Andes at latitudes north of 40S, much of Argentina is dominated by wind circulation patterns from the South Atlantic High. The South Atlantic High
3705:
have been recorded along the coastal areas. These storm surges are formed from strong winds that blow towards the land. They are formed due to the interaction between the semi-permanent South Pacific High and a low pressure system over the Atlantic, southeast of Argentina, creating strong winds from
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and sudestada, which bring long periods of precipitation, cloudiness and cooler temperatures, particularly in the southern and eastern parts. Dull, gray and damp weather characterize winters in the Pampas. Occasionally, tropical air masses from the north may move southward, providing relief from the
363:
and Sierras Pampeanas affect the climate of Argentina, leading to differences in temperature, pressure, and spatial distribution of precipitation depending on the topography and altitude. Here, the Andes exert an important influence on the climate. Owing to the higher altitudes of the Andes north of
326:
Precipitation is highest in northeast Argentina and lowest in the Patagonia and Cuyo regions. In northeast Argentina, mean precipitation can exceed 400 mm (16 in) while in most of Buenos Aires Province and northwest Argentina, mean autumn precipitation ranges between 200 and 500 mm (8
3794:
Scientists predict that glaciers will continue to recede and melt or, in some areas, disappear. It is also predicted that the Cuyo region could face a potential water crisis due to an increase in water demand caused by a reduction in river streamflows. In the north and central parts of the country,
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Summers in the region are hot and generally sunny; winters are dry and cold. Since this region has a wide range of altitudes, ranging from 500 m (1,600 ft) to nearly 7,000 m (23,000 ft), temperatures can vary widely. The Sierras Pampeanas, which cross into both San Juan Province
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Average annual precipitation ranges from 100 to 500 mm (4 to 20 in), though it is generally unpredictable. More than 85% of annual rainfall occurs from October to March, which constitutes the warm season. In contrast, the winter months are dry. Eastern and southeastern areas of the region
853:
The Chaco region is the hottest in Argentina, with a mean annual temperature of 23 °C (73 °F). With mean summer temperatures occasionally reaching 28 °C (82 °F), the region has the hottest summers in the country. Winters are mild and brief, with mean temperatures in July ranging
375:
Distance from the sea is another important geographic factor. Owing to the shape of the country, the close proximity to the ocean means that most of the country, excluding the north is moderated by the surrounding oceans, leading to lower thermal amplitudes than comparable latitudes in the northern
331:. For example, in Tucuman Province, March averages more than 200 mm (8 in) of precipitation while May averages less than 50 mm (2 in). In contrast, precipitation increases in Patagonia, particularly in the western parts where May precipitation can exceed 100 mm (4 in).
3594:. These include areas west of Buenos Aires, which can average more than eight dust storms per year, and parts of Patagonia, owing to its aridity and windy climate. Certain areas in the Altiplano are also highly prone to dust storms owing to extensive areas of closed depressions and the presence of
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basins have a flat landscape and are thus highly susceptible to flooding due to river overflows following high rainfall. These floods can last for months, particularly in the Parana River, owing to its large basin. In the most extreme case, during the year 1982–1983, the floods in the Parana River
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characterized by warm, dry air, can cause temperatures to exceed 30 °C (86 °F) and occasionally 45 °C (113 °F), as occurred in 2003. However, cold waves are also common, caused by the channeling by the Andes of cold air from the south, making for frequent cold fronts during the
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valley, mean annual temperatures range from 12.0 to 14.1 °C (53.6 to 57.4 °F), depending on altitude. In the Calchaquí Valleys in Salta Province, the climate is temperate and arid with large thermal amplitudes, long summers, and a long frost-free period. In the valleys in the south in La
744:
from the south can push temperatures below freezing, resulting in frost. However, such cold fronts are brief and are less intense than areas further south or at higher altitudes. Snowfall is extremely rare and mainly confined to the uplands of Misiones Province, where the last significant snowfall
716:
Average annual precipitation ranges from less than 1,000 mm (39 in) in the southern parts of the Province to approximately 1,800 mm (71 in) in the eastern parts. Precipitation is slightly higher in the summer than in the winter and generally decreases from east to west and from
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regions, temperate plains in the Pampas, and cold subantarctic in the south. However, despite the diversity of biomes, about two-thirds of Argentina is arid or semi-arid. Argentina is best divided into six distinct regions reflecting the climatic conditions of the country as a whole. From north to
191:
In winter (June–August), the northern parts of Argentina are generally warm, the central parts mild, and the southern parts cold with frequent frost and snow. The climate of the southern parts of the country is moderated by the surrounding oceans, resulting in cold weather that is less intense and
3574:
Droughts are the most harmful natural disasters that are difficult to monitor, identify, analyse, and to manage. Events of droughts have considerable and serious negative impacts socially and economically. In the case of Argentina, it is highly dependent on rainfall in order to sustain production
3548:
Argentina's geomorphic characteristics make the country highly vulnerable to floods. These floods can damage infrastructure, cause loss of life, increase the risk of diseases, and negatively impact agricultural productivity, which is one of the main economic activities of the country. Many of the
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On a national scale, the wettest year on record is 1985 when annual precipitation in the country was 29.6% higher than the mean annual precipitation (based on a reference period of 1981–2010). The driest year on record in the country is 1988 when annual precipitation was 29.9% lower than the mean
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Temperatures are the highest in the northern parts, averaging around 30 °C (86 °F) during summer. Precipitation ranges from 700 mm (28 in) in driest and western parts of the Chaco to around 2,000 mm (79 in) in the extreme east. The center and east of Argentina have a
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In general, Argentina has four main climate types: warm, moderate, arid, and cold, all determined by the expanse across latitude, range in altitude, and relief features. The arid and cold climates predominate in the west and south while the warm and moderate climates predominate in the center and
478:
In general, La Niña events are associated with lower temperatures (particularly colder winters) in the Pampas. During winter, frosts are more common during La Niña events compared to El Niño events. This is due to a stronger southerly flow during La Niña events caused by a higher concentration of
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caused by accumulation of cold air on the eastern side of the Andes) that draw this cold air northwards, which is driven by this pressure gradient. Cold air can move northwards until 18S when the blocking effect of the Andes is smaller due to a change in its orientation. Overall, these conditions
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near the border with Chile to over 2,000 millimetres (79 in) in the northeast and along the eastern slopes of the Andes in the northern parts of the country. The Andean foothills of Patagonia in the western parts of the region can receive up to 3,500 millimetres (138 in) per year. Mean
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according to the Köppen climate classification). The weather in the Pampas is variable due to the contrasting air masses and frontal storms that impact the region. Annual temperatures range from 17 °C (63 °F) in the north to 14 °C (57 °F) in the south. Precipitation increases
1078:
Autumn arrives in March and brings periods of very rainy weather followed by dry, mild stretches and cool nights. Some places in the east receive rainfall throughout autumn whereas in the west, after the rains, the weather quickly becomes very dry. Generally, frost arrives in early April in the
355:
The most important geographical factors that influence the climate of Argentina are latitude, elevation, and distance from the sea. With Argentina extending from 22S to 55S, there are differences in the amount of incoming solar radiation and the amount of daylight received in each season, which
299:
are the wettest, receiving more than 400 mm (16 in) of precipitation during the season. Most of the Littoral region and Buenos Aires Province, average between 200 and 300 mm (8 and 12 in). On the other hand, the Patagonia region is dry, with precipitation averaging less than
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and Tierra del Fuego Province, where mean temperatures range from 5 to 8 °C (41 to 46 °F). At higher altitudes in the Andes stretching from Neuquén Province to Tierra del Fuego Province, mean annual temperatures are below 5 °C (41 °F). Strong westerly winds can decrease the
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and allowing forests to thrive on the Atlantic coast. Patagonia is located between the subtropical high pressure belt and the subpolar low pressure zone, meaning it is exposed to westerly winds that are strong, since south of 40°S there is little land to block these winds. Because Patagonia is
417:
to the east of the Andes and thus, the high pressure system intensifies as it enters southern Argentina. When both the high pressure system (over southern Argentina) and low pressure system strengthen, it creates a very strong pressure gradient that draws cold air from the south, strengthening
3767:
According to the national government and scientists, climate change is predicted to have a significant effect on the climate of Argentina. There has been an increase in annual precipitation in almost all of Argentina during the 20th century, particularly in the northeast and the center of the
430:
The Chaco Low is a semi–permanent low pressure system situated east of the Andes that is approximately located between 20S and 30S during summer (displaced to the north in winter). It is stronger in the summer than in winter due to a combination of high insolation, dry surface conditions, and
412:
Throughout the year, the South Pacific High influences the climate by bringing cold, moist air masses originating from Patagonia. During the most intense cold waves, they form when a transient high pressure system located in the South Pacific Ocean moves eastwards to the southern tip of South
929:
Precipitation is highly seasonal and mostly concentrated in the summer months. It is distributed irregularly due to the country's topography although it generally decreases from east to west. The eastern slopes of the mountains receives between 1,000 and 1,500 mm (39 and 59 in) of
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as well as glaciers and permanent snowfields. Most of the region receives less than 200 mm (8 in) of precipitation per year. The aridity of the region is due to the combination of low precipitation, strong winds, and high temperatures in the summer months, all of which cause high
275:
In summer (December–February), temperatures range from an average of 26 °C (79 °F) in the north to a mean of 20 °C (68 °F) in the center of the country except for the southeastern parts of Buenos Aires Province, where temperatures are cooler in summer due to the
3606:
may be lost during dust storms, leading to loss in soil productivity, which can increase soil erosion and negatively affect crop productivity in the long term. In addition to the impact on agriculture, dust storms can damage cars and buildings, lower visibility on roads, affect
1067:. Afternoon thunderstorms, which can bring intense amounts of precipitation, are common, as are heat waves that can bring temperatures in the 36 to 40 °C (97 to 104 °F) range for a few days. These thunderstorms are known to have the most frequent lightning and highest
96:
and thunderstorms, and cool, dry winters. Patagonia, in the southern parts of the country has a dry climate with warm summers and cold winters characterized by strong winds throughout the year and one of the strongest precipitation gradients in the world. High elevations at all
152:. Temperatures have increased in the last century while the observed changes in precipitation are variable, with some areas receiving more and other areas less. These changes have impacted river flow, increased the frequency of extreme weather events, and led to the retreat of
3661:
that can produce tornadoes. With a larger number of convective storms, there is a higher chance that some of these storms will produce tornadoes. Most tornadoes are relatively weak and rarely cause deaths. The strongest tornado recorded in Argentina occurred in 1973 when a
3775:
Mean temperatures have increased by 0.5 °C (0.9 °F) between 1901 and 2012, slightly lower than the global average. Temperatures in the Andean part of Patagonia have increased by more than 1 °C (1.8 °F), which has caused the retreat of almost all of the
3435:, Salta Province on 11 December 1905. Since 1961 when nationwide temperature monitoring began, the warmest year on record is 2017 when mean temperatures nationally were 0.68 °C (1 °F) above the mean national temperatures based on the 1981–2010 reference period.
3476:
in Neuquén Province, the validity of the data is dubious owing to fewer years of data. Lago Frías also has the record for wettest monthly precipitation in Argentina: 1,147 mm (45.2 in) of precipitation was recorded in May 1951. In contrast, the driest place is
826:
precipitation than western areas since they are more influenced by moist air from the Atlantic Ocean, which penetrates the eastern areas more than the west, bringing in more precipitation. As a result, the vegetation differs: eastern areas are covered by forests,
3443:
Patagonia and the Puna region register the lowest temperatures in Argentina where temperatures lower than −20 °C (−4 °F) have been recorded. The lowest temperature ever recorded in Argentina and South America was −32.8 °C (−27.0 °F) in
943:
of the easterly winds by the Andes and the northwest extension of the Sierras Pampeanas. Precipitation in the Puna region averages less than 200 mm (8 in) a year while high isolation, strong winds, and low humidity exacerbate the dry conditions.
116:
characteristics of Argentina tend to create extreme weather conditions, often leading to natural disasters that negatively impact the country both economically and socially. The Pampas, where many of the large cities are located, has a flat
955:, which is part of the arid Chaco ecoregion, temperatures during the summer are very high, averaging 26 °C (79 °F) in January while winters are mild, averaging 12 °C (54 °F). Cold fronts from the south bringing cold
1191:), particularly in summer. The annual range of temperatures in Patagonia is lower than at similar latitudes in the northern hemisphere owing to the narrowness of the region at higher latitudes and the stronger maritime influence.
247:
During spring, precipitation in the country varies, with the greatest amounts being in northern Buenos Aires Province and the Littoral region, where the average precipitation exceeds 250 mm (10 in). Arid regions
3485:, which has received as low as only a 0.4 mm (0.016 in) of precipitation in a year. The highest recorded one-day rainfall total occurred on 2 April 2013, when 392.2 mm (15.44 in) of rain fell in
1079:
southernmost areas, in late May in the north, and ends by mid-September, although the dates of the first and last frosts can vary from year to year. Frost is rarely intense or prolonged and may not occur each year.
9460:
615:
traverses the country from the northwest to the southeast. The vast size, and wide range of altitudes, contribute to Argentina's diverse climate. Argentina possesses a wide variety of climatic regions ranging from
797:
lies within the region. This region, located in the center-north has a subtropical climate with hot, humid summers and mild, dry winters. Under the Köppen climate classification, the west has a semi-arid climate
4918:
3710:
and southern Brazil, causing strong winds from the southeast. Storm surges have caused flooding of coastal areas, leading to extensive property loss and other damage. It is also the main natural factor in the
3685:
Severe storms impact large cities more often and can damage cars, houses and disrupt public services such as transportation and collection and disposal of urban solid waste. The foothills of the Andes and the
3553:. This is because these plains, which cover 35% of the land area in the country (including the Chaco and Pampean areas), are characterized by a flat landscape, which can impede proper water drainage. Both the
3706:
the south or southwest. The sudestada, which brings the worst storm surges, occurs when there is a high pressure system over southern Argentina in the Atlantic Ocean that interacts with a low pressure over
721:. Winter is the driest season, with precipitation ranging from less than 40 mm (2 in) in the west to over 340 mm (13 in) in the east. Most of the precipitation during winter comes from
3456:. On a national scale, the coldest year on record is 1975 when mean temperatures nationally were −0.76 °C (−1 °F) below the mean national temperatures based on the 1981–2010 reference period.
196:, average winter temperatures are below 0 °C (32 °F). June and July temperatures are normally similar to each other; however, in August temperatures see a rise of about 2 °C (4 °F).
3549:
large Argentinean cities and agriculturally productive areas lie near rivers. The plains are at highest risk for flooding, particularly in the northeastern and central parts of the country, including
733:
for strong southeasterly winds), bringing long periods of rain, cloudiness, cooler temperatures, and strong winds. Spring is similar to autumn, with a mean precipitation of 340 mm (13 in).
8849:
6411:
4845:"Revisiting wintertime cold air intrusions at the east of the Andes: propagating features from subtropical Argentina to Peruvian Amazon and relationship with large-scale circulation patterns"
1082:
Winters are mild with frequent frosts and cold spells. Temperatures are usually mild during the day and cold during the night. Most precipitation results from frontal systems associated with
6321:
76:
region, which is the warmest region in Argentina. Precipitation in the Chaco region decreases westwards, resulting in the vegetation changing from forests in the east to shrubs in the west.
3427:
In general, the highest temperatures in Argentina are recorded in the northern Chaco region where temperatures of 45 to 50 °C (113 to 122 °F) have been recorded. According to the
8392:
854:
from 16 °C (61 °F) in the northern parts to 14 °C (57 °F) in the southernmost parts. Temperatures can reach as high has 49 °C (120 °F) in summer, and during
7371:
3919:, the temperate valleys include the Lerma Valley, Siancas Valley in Salta Province and the Pericos Valley and the temperate valleys of Jujuy, which includes the two provincial capitals
8496:
8162:
8562:
4775:
Seluchi, Marcelo; Marengo, José (2000). "Tropical–Midlatitude Exchange of Air Masses During Summer and Winter in South America: Climatic Aspects and Examples of Intense Events".
129:, and high winds, causing extensive damage to houses and infrastructure, displacing thousands of people and causing significant loss of life. Extreme temperature events such as
10636:
946:
Temperatures in northwest Argentina vary by altitude. The temperate valleys have a temperate climate, with mild summers and dry and cool winters with regular frosts.In the
4605:
10061:
10046:
7991:
3509:
The longest duration for a single lightning flash globally was recorded in Argentina on 18 June 2020 along the Argentina–Uruguay border, when it lasted for 17.1 seconds.
5294:
3620:
1060:, which is responsible for variation in annual precipitation. An El Niño year leads to higher precipitation while a La Niña year leads to lower precipitation.
280:
influence. In the extreme south of the country, the temperature averages 12 °C (54 °F); at very high altitudes, the average is below 10 °C (50 °F).
4933:
6071:
4501:
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Argentina regularly receives cold air from the south that can reach low latitudes owing to the influence of the Andes. Cold waves are usually accompanied with severe
418:
southerly winds. Owing to the topographic barrier of the Andes, it forces and channels the cold air to accumulate on the eastern side of the Andes. This generates an
8786:
3783:
Within the next two or three decades (2016–2035), mean temperatures are predicted to increase by 0.5 to 1.0 °C (0.9 to 1.8 °F) under the two scenarios (
10937:
9142:
9213:
8615:
6448:
8812:
8614:
Federico Bert; María de Estrada; Gustavo Naumann; Ricardo Negri; Guillermo Podestá; María de los Milagros Skansi; Pablo Spennemann; Mariano Quesada (2021).
72:, in the northeast is characterized by high temperatures and abundant precipitation throughout the year with droughts being uncommon. West of this lies the
9177:
5295:"Climatic change and quasi-oscillations in central-west Argentina summer precipitation: main features and coherent behaviour with southern African region"
4919:"Cold Waves in South America and Freezing Temperatures in São Paulo: Historical Background (1888–2003) and case studies of cyclone and anticyclone tracks"
207:, averages between 75 and 200 mm (3 and 8 in) while in the north, in areas bordering the Andes, it averages less than 10 mm (0.4 in).
8329:
1019:
winter months and bringing temperatures that can fall below freezing, and occasionally below −10 to −30 °C (14 to −22 °F) at higher altitudes.
8045:"A comprehensive set of high-resolution grids of monthly climate for Europe and the globe: the observed record (1901–2000) and 16 scenarios (2001–2100)"
5991:
5709:
5185:
Lupo, Anthony; Nocera, Joseph; Bosart, Lance; Hoffman, Eric; Knight, David (2001). "South American Cold Surges: Types, Composites, and Case Studies".
8588:
6418:
6146:
4080:
3653:. Tornadoes occur between November and April. In this region, which occupies most of the Pampas, cold air from Patagonia meets warm, humid air from
7965:
6328:
3472:
is considered to be the wettest place in Argentina. Although an average annual precipitation of 6,251 mm (246.1 in) has been recorded in
661:
south, these regions are Northwest, Chaco, Northeast, Cuyo/Monte, Pampas, and Patagonia. Each climatic region has distinctive types of vegetation.
5358:
3649:. However, there is no exact number of tornado occurrences per year, owing to the lack of data. These regions have the most frequent and intense
3478:
3007:
9091:
3795:
the higher temperatures and lower precipitation projected for this region will lead to higher evaporation, intensifying droughts and leading to
3465:
7378:
5684:
1151:
4263:
3837:
10824:
4843:
Espinoza, Jhan; Ronchail, Josyane; Lengaigne, Matthieu; Quispe, Nelson; Silva, Yamina; Bettolli, Maria; Avalos, Grinia; Llacza, Alan (2013).
3473:
938:
on the eastern slopes than the northern mountains, presenting a significant orographic barrier that blocks moist winds from the Atlantic and
8169:
156:. Based on the projections for both precipitation and temperatures, these climatic events are likely to increase in severity and create new
8566:
7820:
8231:
5685:"Tercer Informed Bienal de Actualización de la Repúblic Argentina a la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas Sobre el Cambio Climático"
1199:
9240:
8232:"En el comienzo de abril de 2013 se registraron precipitaciones significativamente altas en provincia de Buenos Aires y Capital Federal"
8133:
10169:
4844:
1170:(also called the Falkland(s) Current) and the high altitude. A characteristic of the temperature pattern is the NW–SE distribution of
339:
Different meteorological factors affect the Argentine climate. Some of these factors are local while others come from other countries.
10088:
7037:
Eduardo, Agosta; Compagnucci, Rosa (2012). "Central-West Argentina Summer Precipitation Variability and Atmospheric Teleconnections".
6177:
5735:
10360:
6269:
6564:
4527:
3950:
1137:
The north–south orientation of the Andes creates a barrier for humid air masses coming from the Pacific Ocean, forming an extensive
10668:
8264:
7345:
4438:
8931:
8492:
705:). The main features of the climate are high temperatures and abundant rainfall throughout the year; this abundant rainfall makes
10073:
8017:
6029:. 8th International Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography Society; 2006. Foz de Iguazu. pp. 333–341
3535:
1154:
at around 60°S, the movement of the high and low pressure systems along with ocean currents determine the precipitation pattern.
736:
Summers are very hot while winters are mild to warm. The northern parts of the region are warmer than the southern parts. During
4616:
236:(September–November) is similar to autumn, with mild days and cool nights. During mid-October a large variety of wild and urban
10460:
10450:
10058:
10043:
7995:
4796:
1141:
and causing most of the region to be arid. South of 52°S, the Andes are lower in elevation, reducing the rain shadow effect in
10012:
8098:
8069:
7162:
6850:
5872:
5333:
64:. In general, the northern parts of the country are characterized by hot, humid, rainy summers and mild winters with periodic
10386:
10233:
9883:
9864:
9843:
9807:
9786:
9743:
9722:
9701:
9652:
9615:
9550:
9527:
9504:
9483:
9449:
9428:
9407:
9377:
9342:
9321:
9300:
9277:
4220:
3784:
10213:
10208:
7245:
2114:
10477:
10411:
6480:
6078:
3904:
1142:
1123:
7189:"The severe zonda wind event of 11 July 2006 east of the Andes Cordillera (Argentine): a case study using the BRAMS model"
4505:
203:
region and northwestern parts of Patagonia, where mean winter precipitation exceeds 250 mm (10 in). Most of the
10777:
10555:
10470:
10345:
10320:
10182:
6779:
8653:
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6738:
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with dry air coming from the Andes. When these air masses collide, they can produce intense storms, frequently becoming
468:
9910:
9580:
6737:
Bravo, Gonzalo; Bianchi, Alberto; Volante, José; Salas, Susana; Sempronii, Guillermo; Vicini, Luis; Fernandez, Miguel.
5926:
10102:
10092:
8761:
80:
is predominantly dry and hot although the rugged topography makes it climatically diverse, ranging from the cold, dry
41:
varies from region to region, as the vast size of the country and wide variation in altitude make for a wide range of
10817:
9149:
6382:
3852:
3763:
High temperatures reached during the December 2013 heat wave, the longest and most severe ever recorded in Argentina.
3490:
3428:
1099:
The Patagonian climate is characterized by strong, persistent winds from the west year round, forming characteristic
172:
In Argentina, the climate is divided into four, well defined seasons, those being winter, spring, summer and autumn.
9217:
8622:
4323:
Barros, Vicente; Boninsegna, José; Camilloni, Inés; Chidiak, Martina; Magrín, Graciela; Rusticucci, Matilde (2014).
10310:
10278:
6810:
6455:
4615:(in Spanish). Oficina Regional de Ciencia y Tecnologia de la UNESCO para America Latina y el Caribe. Archived from
3893:
3732:
6937:
1182:, where mean annual temperatures range from 13 to 15 °C (55 to 59 °F), while the coldest are in western
625:
364:
40S, they completely block the normal westerly flow, preventing low pressure systems containing moisture from the
22:
10927:
10726:
10532:
10433:
10263:
10238:
10198:
8816:
6877:
9188:
6614:
5269:
5206:
5157:
5132:
4995:
4970:
4656:
Vera, C.; Baez, J.; Douglas, M.; Emmanuel, C.; Marengo, J.; Meitin, J.; Nicolini, M.; Nogues-Paegle, J. (2006).
4042:
1087:
cool, damp temperatures. Snowfall is extremely rare. When it does snow, it usually lasts for only a day or two.
1057:
10455:
10401:
10340:
10162:
9143:"Comunicación Nacional de la República Argentina a la Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre Cambio Climatico"
5995:
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4113:
1183:
1119:
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in the far south. Lying between those is the Pampas region, which features a mild and humid climate. Under the
184:
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are vulnerable to hail. This is because the Andes force humid air from the Atlantic upwards, intensifying the
1040:
786:
268:
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10721:
10589:
10537:
10248:
10218:
10098:
9602:
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6150:
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foothills at 41°S to 150 mm (6 in) in the central plateaus. The high precipitation in the Andes in
964:
761:
Western parts of Chaco are characterized by shrubs and low to medium forest cover due to lower precipitation.
524:
385:
3803:, it is predicted that storm surges will become more frequent in coastal areas, affecting locations such as
359:
Although the centre and the eastern parts of the country are mostly flat, the west is mountainous. Both the
10810:
10736:
10445:
10423:
10350:
10335:
6021:
5713:
4186:
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Argentina experiences frequent tornadoes each year. Tornadoes occur in the South American "tornado alley" (
3431:, the highest temperature ever recorded in Argentina and South America was 48.9 °C (120.0 °F) in
992:
952:
899:
794:
641:
252:) have the lowest spring precipitation, with an average precipitation of less than 50 mm (2 in).
8592:
6811:"Olive Growing in the arid valleys of Northwest Argentina (provinces of Catamarca, La Rioja and San Juan)"
3715:. The flooding as a result of storm surges are particularly destructive in flat coastal areas such as the
356:
affects temperature. Thus, temperatures decrease from north to south due to the differences in latitudes.
10965:
10560:
10527:
10355:
10330:
10325:
10300:
9520:
Developments in Earth Surface Processes: Natural Hazards and Human–Exacerbated Disasters in Latin America
9468:
Developments in Earth Surface Processes: Natural Hazards and Human–Exacerbated Disasters in Latin America
8563:"Efectos del cambio climático La sequía argentina, uno de los 10 desastres climáticos mundiales del 2018"
5092:"Atmospheric Circulation Associated with Persistent Generalized Frosts in Central–Southern South America"
4084:
3754:
3650:
959:
air can cause severe frosts in the valleys of La Rioja Province and Catamarca Province. In contrast, the
319:
Autumn (March–May) is generally mild. Some southern natives forests and vineyards display red and orange
199:
Precipitation varies a lot during the winter months. The highest are in the extreme northern part of the
161:
121:
and poor water drainage, making it vulnerable to flooding. Severe storms can lead to tornadoes, damaging
7969:
1159:
666:
368:
from coming in. Thus, much of Argentina north of 40S is dominated by wind circulation patterns from the
10651:
10542:
10482:
10135:
7732:
7477:"Late Pleistocene and early Holocene hunter-gatherers of the Pampas and Patagonia, Argentina and Chile"
5594:
5362:
5245:"Linkages between Summer Rainfall Variability over South America and Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies"
9754:
5766:
3418:
Lago Frías in Río Negro Province during winter. It is considered to be the wettest place in Argentina.
10691:
10658:
10646:
10519:
10418:
10391:
10155:
9561:
9098:
7188:
740:, temperatures can exceed 40 °C (104 °F) in the summer months, while in the winter months,
698:
697:. It has a subtropical climate with no dry season. Under the Köppen climate classification, it has a
157:
9682:
8163:"Informe sobre la Temperatura y Precipitación a nivel Nacional y Provincial en Argentina (AÑO 2017)"
4813:
930:
precipitation a year, though some places receive up to 2,500 mm (98 in) annually owing to
404:
Weather map showing the usual position of weather systems around the southern part of South America.
10932:
10841:
10833:
10621:
10616:
10508:
10428:
10315:
10035:
8719:"Impacts of Sand and Dust Storms on Agriculture and Potential Agricultural Applications of a SDSWS"
5647:
5569:
5387:
3857:
3832:
3720:
931:
871:
138:
512:
10751:
10601:
10406:
8044:
6908:
3842:
3409:
1134:
and South Atlantic High, and an isolation that is more pronounced in eastern than western areas.
504:
10125:
Daily weather data in the last 365 days for stations operated by Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
9598:
7831:
6907:
Paoli, Héctor; Volante, José; Ganam, Enrique; Bianchi, Alberto; Fernandez, Daniel; Noé, Yanina.
6356:
5409:
3578:
1071:
cloud tops in the world. The severe thunderstorms produce intense hailstorms, floods, including
241:
10626:
10611:
10575:
10465:
10396:
10288:
9902:
9894:
8194:
6691:
Trauth, Martin; Alonso, Ricardo; Haselton, Kirk; Hermanns, Reginald; Strecker, Manfred (2000).
6661:
6181:
3847:
3702:
1068:
682:
557:
389:
69:
10133:
Agrometeorological data for stations operated by Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
9854:
9797:
9776:
9712:
9494:
9439:
9397:
9332:
9311:
9288:
8238:
3630:
690:
10663:
10565:
10374:
9418:
9267:
6995:
6878:"Diagnostico del Manejo del Agua en Cuencas Tabacaleras del Valle de Lerma, Salta, Argentina"
4437:
Paruelo, José; Beltrán, Adriana; Jobbágy, Esteban; Sala, Osvaldo; Golluscio, Roberto (1998).
3862:
3544:
The Pampas are vulnerable to flooding owing to their flat topography and poor water drainage.
3531:
3527:
3494:
3394:
1036:
947:
850:
and grasses. In all parts of the region, precipitation is highly variable from year to year.
645:
488:
9626:
8734:
7992:"Normals Data: USHUAIA AERO - ARGENTINA Latitude: 54.80°S Longitude: 68.32°W Height: 28 (m)"
7940:
6708:
6506:
5477:
3583:
3469:
1115:
975:
10904:
10770:
10711:
10683:
10570:
10513:
10496:
10228:
10223:
10190:
9632:
9034:
8887:
8730:
7636:
7578:
7537:
7349:
7317:
7203:
7046:
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5256:
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5038:
4982:
4859:
4784:
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due to the presence of the Andes. The warmest parts of the region are in northern parts of
814:
and temperate latitudes that is not a desert. Precipitation and temperature are relatively
602:
9796:
Vogt, Kristiina; Patel–Weynard, Toral; Shelton, Maura; Vogt, Daniel; Gordon, John (2010).
7859:
7247:
Synoptic and Thermodynamic Analysis of an Extreme Heat Wave over Subtropical South America
6909:"Aprovechamiento de Los Recursos Hídricos y Tecnologia de Riego en el Altiplano Argentino"
6273:
6239:
4530:(in Spanish). Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable de la Nación. Archived from
1207:
The average annual precipitation ranges from less than 100 millimetres (4 in) in the
8:
10915:
10894:
10884:
10869:
10696:
10273:
9062:
8613:
7253:. International Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and Oceanography (ICSHMO).
6809:
Goméz del Campo, Maria; Morales–Sillero, A.; Vita Serman, F.; Rousseaux, M.; Searles, P.
6579:
4531:
3667:
3523:
834:
and subtropical wet forest, and western areas are dominated by medium and low forests of
821:
Mean annual precipitation ranges from 1,200 mm (47 in) in the eastern parts of
694:
593:
539:
500:
369:
77:
54:
9799:
Sustainability Unpacked: Food, Energy and Water for Resilient Environments and Societies
9636:
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8891:
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7582:
7541:
7321:
7306:"Influence of the Subtropical Andes on Baroclinic Disturbances: A Cold Front Case Study"
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5107:
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1111:
782:
292:
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7285:. Conference on The Role of Topography in Modelling Weather and Climate. Trieste, Italy
7277:
7219:
5325:
5220:
4883:
4362:
3695:
3687:
3595:
2118:
Mean annual precipitation in millimetres in Argentina (including the Falkland Islands).
1175:
1131:
988:
895:
351:
The Andes is an important topographical factor in influencing the climate of Argentina.
200:
9475:
9369:
8021:
7109:
7092:
6716:
1203:
Mean temperatures in Argentina (including the British territory, the Falkland Islands)
1063:
Summers in the Pampas are hot and humid with coastal areas being modified by the cold
283:
During summer, mean precipitation varies throughout the country: the eastern parts of
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10859:
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9317:
9296:
9273:
8879:
8467:
7223:
6692:
5838:
5329:
5224:
5027:"Observed and simulated variability of extreme temperature events over South America"
5026:
4717:
4366:
4324:
3663:
3638:
3634:
3445:
1048:
1044:
1000:
996:
935:
790:
686:
670:
629:
432:
320:
296:
9733:
7600:
4887:
3641:
and Greater Buenos Aires. The frequency of tornadoes is similar to the one found in
10864:
10791:
10706:
10440:
9831:
9772:
9640:
9471:
9365:
9042:
8903:
8899:
8895:
8738:
8457:
8449:
8105:
8073:
7644:
7586:
7545:
7325:
7211:
7114:
7104:
7062:
7054:
6854:
6712:
6208:
5879:
5828:
5528:
5506:
5317:
5264:
5210:
5202:
5162:
5152:
5111:
5054:
5050:
5046:
4990:
4875:
4867:
4792:
4737:
4677:
4352:
4344:
3897:
3889:
3824:
3453:
3432:
1167:
1064:
984:
822:
770:
730:
584:
414:
381:
277:
89:
9352:
Coronato, Andrea; Coronato, Fernando; Mazzoni, Elizabeth; Vázquez, Mirian (2008).
7254:
1027:
137:
impact rural and urban areas by negatively impacting agriculture, one of the main
10889:
10243:
10139:
10124:
10065:
10050:
9691:
9594:
8134:"World Meteorological Organization Global Weather & Climate Extremes Archive"
7244:
Seluchi, Marcelo; Norte, Federico; Gomes, Jorge; Simonelli, Silvia (April 2006).
7093:"Multi Hazard Scenarios in the Mendoza/San Juan Provinces, Cuyo Region Argentina"
4971:"Cold Air Incursions over Subtropical South America: Mean Structure and Dynamics"
4741:
3796:
3716:
3712:
3599:
3449:
1107:
633:
566:
529:
233:
142:
29:
8654:"Pride of Argentina Falls on Hard Times – Drought Kills Off Cattle by Thousands"
7279:
The Andes & Associated Circulations over Central & Eastern South America
6484:
3985:
57:. Spring and autumn are transition seasons that generally feature mild weather.
18:
10547:
9644:
7564:
7476:
3800:
3674:, with winds > 418 km/h (260 mph), making it the worst tornado in
3558:
3540:
3482:
1213:
1208:
923:
903:
807:
778:
774:
766:
722:
706:
472:
423:
377:
376:
hemisphere. The two main currents that impact the climate of Argentina are the
288:
284:
223:
215:
149:
81:
10099:
WMO climate normals of various stations in Argentina from the period 1961–1990
10089:
WMO climate normals of various stations in Argentina from the period 1981–2010
9835:
7591:
7566:
7058:
6808:
5833:
5808:
4871:
1166:
Patagonia's temperatures are relatively cold for its latitude due to the cold
180:
10954:
10268:
9357:
9187:(in Spanish). Secretaría de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable. Archived from
9148:(in Spanish). Secretaría de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable. Archived from
9097:(in Spanish). Secretaría de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable. Archived from
8400:
Improving the Assessment of Disaster Risks to Strengthen Financial Resilience
6969:
6785:(in Spanish). Dirección Provincial de Estadística y Censos–Provincia de Jujuy
6454:(in Spanish). Secretaría de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable. Archived from
5992:"Sintesis Abarcativas–Comparativas Fisico Ambientales y Macroscoioeconomicas"
5842:
4439:"The Climate of Patagonia: general patterns and controls on biotic processes"
3916:
3769:
3675:
3646:
3642:
3563:
3276:
939:
890:
is characterized by a cold, arid but sunny climate with large diurnal ranges.
710:
612:
365:
249:
9764:
9399:
Effects of Climate Change and Variability on Agricultural Production Systems
7348:(in Spanish). Secretaria de Mineria de la Nacion (Argentina). Archived from
6272:(in Spanish). Secretaria de Mineria de la Nacion (Argentina). Archived from
6180:(in Spanish). Secretaria de Mineria de la Nacion (Argentina). Archived from
6149:(in Spanish). Secretaria de Mineria de la Nacion (Argentina). Archived from
5994:(in Spanish). Secretaria de Mineria de la Nacion (Argentina). Archived from
5930:
4879:
4504:(in Spanish). Secretaria de Mineria de la Nacion (Argentina). Archived from
644:(Cwb), warm desert (BWh), cold semi–arid (BSk), cold desert (BWk), moderate
10802:
9928:
9901:. World Survey of Climatology. Vol. 12. Amsterdam: Elsevier. pp.
9571:
8471:
8453:
8393:"Chapter 2: Assessment of Disaster Risk Management Strategies in Argentina"
7550:
7525:
7305:
3804:
3738:
3671:
3554:
1147:
1095:
1083:
718:
621:
575:
508:
455:
443:
264:
227:
204:
126:
61:
10116:
10108:
7565:
Virts, Katrina S.; J. M. Wallace; M. L. Hutchins; R. H. Holzworth (2013).
7215:
6072:"Vulnerabilidad de los Recursos Hídricos en el Litoral–Mesopotamia–Tomo I"
5432:
5321:
4716:
Garreaud, René; Vuille, Mathias; Compagnucci, Rosa; Marengo, José (2009).
4325:"Climate change in Argentina: trends, projections, impacts and adaptation"
765:
The Chaco region in the center-north completely includes the provinces of
7649:
7624:
5712:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Educación Tecnológica. Archived from
4682:
3608:
3591:
3414:
1138:
1072:
815:
617:
419:
5806:
5167:
5059:
4814:"ECOLOGÍA Y USO DEL FUEGO EN LA REGIÓN CHAQUEÑA ARGENTINA: UNA REVISIÓN"
471:
leads to changes in the atmospheric circulation patterns (also known as
347:
10641:
8908:
7567:"Highlights of a New Ground-Based, Hourly Global Lightning Climatology"
7524:
Zipser, E. J.; C. Liu; D. J. Cecil; S. W. Nesbitt; D. P. Yorty (2006).
7119:
7067:
6565:"Periglacial phenomena in the high mountains of northwestern Argentina"
3464:
With an average annual precipitation of 3,668 mm (144.4 in),
1188:
1015:
960:
843:
839:
835:
741:
548:
328:
134:
130:
118:
113:
109:
73:
9711:
Siedler, Gerold; Griffies, Stephen; Gould, John; Church, John (2013).
7330:
6761:
6759:
5215:
5116:
5091:
4797:
10.1002/1097-0088(200008)20:10<1167::AID-JOC526>3.0.CO;2-T
4357:
460:
448:
101:
experience cooler conditions, and the mountainous zones can see heavy
10258:
10178:
10147:
9354:"Chapter 3: The Physical Geography of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego"
7304:
Seluchi, Marcelo; Garreaud, Rene; Norte, Federico; Saulo, A. (2006).
5616:
3679:
3658:
1171:
1127:
1100:
956:
887:
855:
737:
726:
637:
503:
is an atmospheric–oceanic phenomenon characterized by differences in
313:
308:
219:
148:
Argentina is vulnerable and will likely be significantly impacted by
50:
46:
9047:
9022:
8616:"The 2017-18 drought in the Argentine Pampas–Impacts on Agriculture"
7622:
7523:
5361:(in Spanish). Escuela Técnica IPEM 56 Abraham Juarez. Archived from
5244:
4348:
1150:
of the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean at around 30°S, and the
10253:
9923:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. 1960.
9537:
Manzini, María; Prieto, Aldo; Paez, Marta; Schäbitz, Frank (2008).
8621:. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. Archived from
6756:
6662:"Base de Datos Mensuales de Precipitaciones del Noroeste Argentino"
3777:
3741:
or extremely cold conditions that can have a devastating impact on
3486:
914:), temperate without a dry season and temperate with a dry season (
709:
and extended periods of drought uncommon; most of the region has a
153:
102:
98:
9987:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. 1992.
9979:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. 1986.
9971:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. 1981.
9963:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. 1972.
9955:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. 1963.
9947:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. 1958.
9939:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. 1958.
7276:
Nobre, Carlos; Chou, S.; Figueroa, S.; Nicolini, Matillde (1998).
2124:
Average Precipitation in various locations in Argentina in mm (in)
979:
Most of the Cuyo region is dry, depending on rivers for irrigation
656:
in the country, including subtropical rain forests, semi-arid and
10044:
Climatic Atlas from Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
9756:
Argentine Agriculture: Trends in Production and World Competition
9631:. Vol. 64. Geological Society of America. pp. 146–147.
9539:"Chapter 17: Late Quaternary Vegetation and Climate of Patagonia"
9293:
Latin America and the Caribbean: A Systematic and Regional Survey
8495:(in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. 11 February 2019.
8493:"Inicia el proyecto para un Sistema de Información sobre Sequías"
6938:"South American Viticulture, Wine Production, and Climate Change"
6023:
Temporal Variability in the Length of No–Rain Spells in Argentina
5133:"Cold Season Synoptic-Scale Waves over Subtropical South America"
3759:
3707:
3691:
3603:
3501:
annual precipitation (based on a reference period of 1981–2010).
1232:
Average Temperatures in various locations in Argentina in °C (°F)
882:
827:
811:
400:
93:
65:
42:
7968:. Secretaria de Mineria de la Nacion (Argentina). Archived from
6483:. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. Archived from
5478:"Impacto del ENSO sobre los índices de temperatura en Argentina"
4715:
4322:
260:
84:
to thick jungles. The center of the country, which includes the
5929:(in Spanish). Embassy of Argentina in Australia. Archived from
5809:"Updated world map of the Köppen−Geiger climate classification"
4842:
4613:
Topicos Sobre Humedales Subtropicales y Templados de Sudamerica
3654:
875:
653:
649:
85:
9496:
Agricultural Prairies: Natural Resources and Crop Productivity
9313:
Monitoring and Predicting Agricultural Drought: A Global Study
9310:
Boken, Vijendra; Cracknell, Arthur; Heathcote, Ronald (2005).
7625:"Severe convection and lightning in subtropical South America"
6996:"Cambios temporales del clima en la subregión del Chaco Árido"
6077:(in Spanish). Universidad Naciónal del Litoral. Archived from
951:
Rioja Province, Catamarca Province and the southwest parts of
9852:
9391:. Buenos Aires: Academia Nacional de Agronomía y Veterinaria.
8309:
8307:
8168:(in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Archived from
8099:"Primera Comunicación del Gobierno de la República Argentina"
8072:(in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Archived from
7623:
Rasmussen, Kristen L.; M. D. Zuluaga; R. A. Houze Jr (2014).
6693:"Climate change and mass movements in the NW Argentine Andes"
5690:(in Spanish). Secretaría de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable
3016:
Climate data for Argentina (country–wide averages) 1961–1990
847:
831:
360:
237:
193:
45:
types. Summers are the warmest and wettest season in most of
10132:
9334:
Memorias: IV Congreso Interamericano sobre el Medio Ambiente
6690:
5131:
Vera, Carolina; Vigliarolo, Paula; Berbery, Ernesto (2002).
4269:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria.
757:
10020:
9759:. Washington D.C: United States Department of Agriculture.
9566:. Washington D.C: United States Department of Agriculture.
7830:(in Spanish). Instituto Geográfico Nacional. Archived from
6914:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
6883:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
6744:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
5412:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
5270:
10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<1389:LBSRVO>2.0.CO;2
5207:
10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<1021:SACSTC>2.0.CO;2
5158:
10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<0684:CSSSWO>2.0.CO;2
4996:
10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<2544:CAIOSS>2.0.CO;2
4819:(in Spanish). Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
4043:"Valores Estadisticos del trimester (Septiembre–Noviembre)"
3621:
List of Southern Hemisphere tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
657:
122:
10013:
Descriptions of the climate in most provinces of Argentina
8368:
8356:
8344:
8304:
8214:
8212:
7941:"Estadísticas Climatológicas Normales – período 1981–2010"
7703:
7701:
7699:
7507:
7505:
7503:
7501:
7499:
7497:
7495:
7493:
7424:
7422:
7420:
7243:
6507:"Capitulo 4: Diagnostico Ambiental del Área de Influencia"
5807:
Peel, M. C.; Finlayson B. L. & McMahon, T. A. (2007).
10004:
9714:
Ocean Circulation and Climate: A 21st Century Perspective
9417:
Fittkau, E.; Illies, J.; Klinge, H.; Schwabe, G. (1969).
8693:
8691:
7761:
7759:
7757:
7686:
7684:
7456:
7454:
7452:
7439:
7437:
7303:
7275:
7091:
Daudon, Dominique; Moreiras, Stella; Beck, Elise (2014).
4551:
4549:
4436:
4393:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4383:
866:
507:
between the eastern and western sections of the tropical
10021:
Centro Regional del Clima para el Sur de América del Sur
9690:
Rubio, Gerardo; Lavado, Raul; Pereyra, Fernando (2018).
8237:(in Spanish). University of Buenos Aires. Archived from
8043:
Mitchell, T.; Carter, T.; Jones, P.; Hulme, M.; New, M.
7740:
Estudio de los Procesos Atmosféricos en el Cambio Global
6615:"Causas de Las Sequías de la Región del NOA (Argentina)"
6301:
6299:
6297:
6295:
6293:
6291:
5878:. The Agricultural University of Iceland. Archived from
5873:"Arid and semi–arid rangelands: two thirds of Argentina"
5292:
4154:"Valores Estadisticos del trimester (Diciembre–Febrero)"
4114:"Valores Estadisticos del trimester (Diciembre–Febrero)"
9628:
Desert Dust: Origin, Characteristics, and Effect on Man
9086:
9084:
9067:
Frost protection: fundamentals, practice, and economics
8878:
Mezher, Romina; Doyle, Moira; Barros, Vicentre (2012).
8516:
8514:
8436:
Watson, John; Gayer, Michelle; Connolly, Maire (2007).
8414:
8209:
7819:
Gentile, Elvira; Martin, Paula; Gatti, Ignacio (2020).
7795:
7783:
7696:
7490:
7417:
7407:
7405:
7403:
7401:
7399:
5293:
Compagnucci, Rosa; Eduardo, Agosta; Vargas, W. (2002).
5184:
4655:
4573:
4561:
9021:
Pezza, Alexandre; Simmonds, Ian; Coelho, Caio (2010).
8999:
8997:
8984:
8982:
8980:
8955:
8953:
8723:
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
8688:
8565:(in Spanish). Clarín. 27 December 2018. Archived from
7935:
7933:
7931:
7929:
7927:
7925:
7923:
7921:
7919:
7917:
7915:
7913:
7911:
7909:
7907:
7905:
7903:
7901:
7899:
7897:
7754:
7713:
7681:
7669:
7657:
7449:
7434:
7003:
Multequina–Latin American Journal of Natural Resources
5790:
5788:
4639:
4637:
4546:
4380:
9461:"Chapter 3: The Changing Coastlines of South America"
8678:
8676:
8674:
8104:(in Spanish). Government of Argentina. Archived from
7895:
7893:
7891:
7889:
7887:
7885:
7883:
7881:
7879:
7877:
7771:
6828:
6636:
6327:(in Spanish). Government of Argentina. Archived from
6288:
5130:
334:
141:, and by increasing energy demand, which can lead to
9597:; Franz, Gerhard; Giese, Peter; Götze, Hans–Jürgen;
9330:
9185:
Tercera Comunicación Nacional sobre Cambio Climático
9081:
8538:
8511:
8042:
7526:"Where are the Most Intense Thunderstorms on Earth?"
7396:
6906:
6765:
6736:
5904:
5902:
5900:
5471:
5469:
5467:
5465:
5463:
5461:
5459:
5457:
4011:"Valores Estadisticos del trimester (Junio–Augusto)"
3814:
422:
component from the south (due to a reduction in the
10036:
Climatic Atlas from Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
9543:
The Late Cenozoic of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego
9362:
The Late Cenozoic of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego
9020:
8994:
8977:
8965:
8950:
8844:
8842:
8840:
8838:
8836:
8834:
8435:
8020:. World Meteorological Organization. Archived from
5945:
5785:
5738:(in Spanish). Ministerio de Turismo. Archived from
4634:
4604:Collantes, Marta; Faggi, Ana. Malvárez, Ana (ed.).
4585:
4264:"Atlas Climático Digital de la República Argentina"
9825:
9172:
9170:
9137:
9135:
9133:
9131:
9129:
9127:
9125:
9123:
9121:
9119:
8716:
8671:
8526:
7874:
7818:
7143:(in Spanish). Ministerio del Interior y Transporte
7132:
7130:
7090:
7036:
6537:(in Spanish). Ministerio del Interior y Transporte
6122:(in Spanish). Ministerio del Interior y Transporte
5288:
5286:
5284:
5282:
5280:
802:) while the east has a humid subtropical climate (
9241:"Cambio climático: cómo afecta ya a la Argentina"
8877:
8712:
8710:
8708:
8706:
7618:
7616:
7614:
7612:
7610:
6111:
6109:
6107:
6105:
6103:
6101:
6099:
5897:
5485:Proyecto "Riesgo y Seguro Agropecuario - Etapa II
5454:
5440:Proyecto "Riesgo y Seguro Agropecuario - Etapa II
5424:
5020:
5018:
5016:
5014:
5012:
5010:
5008:
5006:
4722:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
4221:"Valores Estadisticos del trimester (Marzo–Mayo)"
4187:"Valores Estadisticos del trimester (Marzo–Mayo)"
922:respectively), and, at the highest altitudes, an
894:Northwest Argentina consists of the provinces of
10952:
9895:"The climate of Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay"
9753:United States Department of Agriculture (1968).
9269:Crop Stress Management and Global Climate Change
9214:"Cómo afecta el cambio climático a la Argentina"
9023:"The unusual Buenos Aires snowfall of July 2007"
8929:
8831:
8813:"Where are Tornado Hot Spots Outside of the US?"
8781:
8779:
8589:"Counting the Cost: a year of climate breakdown"
8093:
8091:
6851:"The Vegetation of Northwestern Argentina (NOA)"
6739:"Regiones Agroeconómicas del Noroeste Argentino"
6141:
6139:
6137:
5679:
5677:
5675:
5673:
5671:
5669:
5667:
5665:
4496:
4494:
4215:
4213:
4211:
4050:Boletín de Tendencias Climáticas–Septiembre 2012
4037:
4035:
3611:, and affect water quality in rivers and lakes.
9389:Aptitud agroclimática de la República Argentina
9167:
9116:
8064:
8062:
7725:
7127:
6375:
5617:"Indian Ocean influences on Australian climate"
5277:
4964:
4962:
4960:
4958:
4956:
4954:
4838:
4836:
4834:
4711:
4709:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4697:
4695:
4693:
4662:Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
4492:
4490:
4488:
4486:
4484:
4482:
4480:
4478:
4476:
4474:
4432:
4430:
4428:
4426:
4329:Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change
4181:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4158:Boletín de Tendencias Climáticas–Diciembre 2011
4148:
4146:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4121:Boletín de Tendencias Climáticas–Diciembre 2014
4108:
4106:
4104:
4102:
4005:
4003:
3694:within thunderstorms, making hail more likely.
3614:
3590:Drier parts of the country are highly prone to
3008:List of countries by average yearly temperature
652:(ET). Consequently, there is a wide variety of
60:Many regions have different, often contrasting
10109:Bioclimatic data for 173 stations in Argentina
9732:Suttie, J.; Reynolds, S.; Batello, C. (2005).
9289:"Chapter 13: Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay"
8873:
8871:
8869:
8867:
8703:
8581:
8557:
8555:
8553:
8431:
8429:
8324:
8322:
8157:
8155:
8153:
8151:
7960:
7958:
7821:"Argentina físico-natural: Clima en Argentina"
7607:
7032:
7030:
7028:
7026:
7024:
6655:
6653:
6651:
6558:
6556:
6554:
6552:
6524:
6405:
6403:
6264:
6262:
6260:
6178:"Provincia de Entre Rios–Clima Y Metéorologia"
6147:"Provincia de Corrientes–Clima Y Metéorologia"
6096:
6015:
6013:
5986:
5984:
5982:
5980:
5003:
4774:
4770:
4768:
4766:
4764:
4762:
4760:
4758:
4424:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4410:
4408:
4406:
4318:
4316:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4300:
4298:
4296:
2954:
2866:
2778:
2690:
2602:
2514:
2426:
2338:
2250:
2062:
1974:
1886:
1798:
1710:
1622:
1534:
1446:
1358:
669:located in the Andes while in the east on the
10818:
10163:
9775:; Young, Kenneth; Orme, Antony, eds. (2007).
9232:
9016:
9014:
9012:
8776:
8764:. National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration
8756:
8754:
8591:. ReliefWeb. 27 December 2018. Archived from
8487:
8485:
8483:
8481:
8088:
8018:"World Weather Information Service – Ushuaia"
7994:. Japan Meteorological Agency. Archived from
7966:"Provincia de Mendoza – Clima Y Meteorologia"
7943:(in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
7086:
7084:
7082:
7080:
7078:
6686:
6684:
6682:
6659:
6316:
6314:
6211:(in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
6134:
6066:
6064:
5978:
5976:
5974:
5972:
5970:
5968:
5966:
5964:
5962:
5960:
5662:
5650:(in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
5572:(in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
5531:(in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
5509:(in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
5475:
5430:
5390:(in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
5238:
5236:
5234:
5085:
5083:
5081:
5079:
5077:
4916:
4658:"The South American Low-Level Jet Experiment"
4294:
4292:
4290:
4288:
4286:
4284:
4282:
4280:
4278:
4276:
4230:(in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
4208:
4196:(in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
4160:(in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
4123:(in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
4052:(in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
4032:
4020:(in Spanish). Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
3566:outbreak occurred following a flood in 1998.
10939:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
10832:
8265:"Dozens of Argentines Die in Flash Flooding"
8059:
7742:(in Spanish). Universidad Católica Argentina
7346:"Provincia de San Juan–Clima Y Metéorologia"
6902:
6900:
6898:
6667:(in Spanish). Oficina de Riesgo Agropecuario
6608:
6606:
6604:
6602:
6600:
6412:"Caracterización Climática del Chaco Húmedo"
6270:"Provincia de Misiones–Clima Y Metéorologia"
6234:
6232:
6230:
6228:
6226:
6203:
6201:
6199:
6062:
6060:
6058:
6056:
6054:
6052:
6050:
6048:
6046:
6044:
6019:
5866:
5864:
5862:
5860:
5858:
5856:
5854:
5852:
5487:(in Spanish). Oficina de Riesgo Agropecuario
5442:(in Spanish). Oficina de Riesgo Agropecuario
5433:"Impacto del ENOS Sobre las Precipitaciones"
4951:
4912:
4910:
4908:
4906:
4904:
4831:
4690:
4471:
4257:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4245:
4172:
4135:
4099:
4000:
3980:
3978:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3726:
628:, Argentina has 11 different climate types:
9738:. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization.
9601:; Strecker, Manfred; Wigger, Peter (2006).
9295:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 385–415.
9206:
9178:"Capitulo 2: Cambios Climáticos Observados"
8934:. Commonwealth of Australia. Archived from
8864:
8647:
8645:
8643:
8550:
8426:
8319:
8148:
8128:
8126:
7955:
7297:
7021:
6943:. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina
6931:
6929:
6648:
6549:
6400:
6257:
6010:
5180:
5178:
5090:Müller, Gabriela; Berri, Guillermo (2007).
5089:
4917:Pezza, Alexandre; Ambrizzi, Tércio (2005).
4755:
4403:
4228:Boletín de Tendencias Climáticas–Marzo 2009
4194:Boletín de Tendencias Climáticas–Marzo 2014
4018:Boletín de Tendencias Climáticas–Junio 2012
3838:Servicio Meteorológico Nacional (Argentina)
3569:
10825:
10811:
10170:
10156:
9514:Latrubesse, Edgardo; Brea, Daniel (2009).
9513:
9009:
8751:
8478:
8420:
8374:
8362:
8350:
8313:
7854:
7852:
7075:
6935:
6679:
6311:
5957:
5921:
5919:
5917:
5870:
5382:
5380:
5231:
5074:
5024:
4603:
4579:
4567:
4273:
4261:
3880:
3878:
395:
92:to the west has hot summers with frequent
9921:Atlas climático de la República Argentina
9459:Isla, Federico; Enrique, Schnack (2009).
9420:Biogeography and Ecology in South America
9046:
8907:
8850:"Argentina: "El pasillo de los Tornados""
8806:
8804:
8742:
8607:
8461:
8387:
8385:
8383:
8070:"Datos extremos en el país y en el mundo"
7814:
7812:
7810:
7648:
7590:
7549:
7329:
7269:
7186:
7180:
7118:
7108:
7066:
6989:
6987:
6895:
6869:
6597:
6443:
6441:
6439:
6351:
6349:
6223:
6196:
6041:
5849:
5832:
5642:
5640:
5638:
5636:
5634:
5589:
5587:
5564:
5562:
5560:
5558:
5556:
5554:
5552:
5550:
5548:
5546:
5268:
5214:
5166:
5156:
5115:
5058:
4994:
4901:
4681:
4597:
4356:
4242:
4083:. Government of Argentina. Archived from
3969:
793:are part of the region. As well, most of
10074:Mean precipitation of Argentina by month
9892:
9351:
8717:Stefanski, R.; Sivakumar, M.V.K (2009).
8640:
8123:
7801:
7789:
7733:"El Clima y la Viticulture en Patagonia"
7707:
6968:(in Spanish). Acenología. Archived from
6966:"Reseña de la vitivinicultura argentina"
6926:
6172:
6170:
6168:
5771:Country Pasture/Forage Resource Profiles
5702:
5242:
5175:
5124:
4968:
4808:
4806:
4649:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4067:
3758:
3577:
3539:
3452:on 1 June 1907. This was recorded under
3413:
2113:
1198:
1094:
1026:
974:
881:
865:
756:
528:
482:
454:
442:
399:
346:
307:
259:
214:
179:
28:
17:
10059:Mean temperatures of Argentina by month
9873:
9778:The Physical Geography of South America
9710:
9536:
9492:
9416:
9395:
9386:
9238:
9216:(in Spanish). La Nacion. Archived from
8651:
8262:
8218:
7849:
7828:Atlas Nacional Interactivo de Argentina
7511:
7471:
7469:
7443:
7428:
7155:
6562:
6449:"Clima de la Región Chaqueña Subhúmeda"
6409:
6305:
5914:
5377:
4555:
4520:
4397:
3909:
3875:
3536:Water resources management in Argentina
3504:
158:problems associated with climate change
10953:
10177:
10117:Estadísticas meteorológicas decadiales
9771:
9731:
9592:
9578:
9437:
9286:
8801:
8697:
8380:
7860:"Documentation for TYN CY 1.1 dataset"
7807:
7777:
7765:
7719:
7690:
7675:
7663:
7460:
7338:
6993:
6984:
6960:
6958:
6845:
6843:
6834:
6804:
6802:
6800:
6642:
6499:
6436:
6346:
5761:
5759:
5757:
5648:"¿Qué es el Dipolo del Océano Índico?"
5631:
5609:
5584:
5543:
3945:
3943:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3935:
494:
438:
10806:
10151:
10082:
9985:Estadísticas Climatológicas 1981–1990
9977:Estadísticas Climatológicas 1971–1980
9969:Estadísticas Climatológicas 1961–1970
9961:Estadísticas Climatológicas 1931–1960
9953:Estadísticas Climatológicas 1951–1960
9945:Estadísticas Climatológicas 1941–1950
9937:Estadísticas Climatológicas 1901–1950
9689:
9559:
9309:
9287:Blouet, Brian; Blouet, Olwyn (2010).
9266:Araus, José; Slafer, Gustavo (2015).
9265:
8532:
8499:from the original on 13 February 2019
7411:
6875:
6730:
6619:Revista Geográfica de América Central
6612:
6165:
5951:
5794:
5351:
4803:
4643:
4606:"Los Humedales del Sur de Sudamerica"
4591:
4064:
3787: 4.5 and RCP 8.5) from the
967:range but sunny throughout the year.
858:can fall to −6 °C (21 °F).
342:
9899:Climate of Central and South America
9795:
9752:
9624:
9458:
9331:Carrillo Castellanos, Roger (1998).
9003:
8988:
8971:
8959:
8682:
8544:
8520:
8036:
7984:
7466:
7372:"Región Geográficas de la Argentina"
6777:
6578:(3 & 4): 166–170. Archived from
6020:Penalba, Olga; Llano, Maria (2006).
5908:
5800:
4777:International Journal of Climatology
4718:"Present-day South American climate"
4081:"Geography and Climate of Argentina"
3957:. International Atomic Energy Agency
3512:
1160:this region allows forests to thrive
10239:Dreadnought race with Brazil, Chile
10029:
9998:
9069:. Food and Agriculture Organization
8652:Partlow, Joshua (9 February 2009).
8438:"Epidemics after Natural Disasters"
8292:. World Meteorological Organization
8290:"World: Longest Duration Lightning"
8263:Gilbert, Johnathan (3 April 2013).
8197:. World Meteorological Organization
8195:"South America: Lowest Temperature"
7187:Norte, Federico; Ulke, Ana (2008).
6955:
6840:
6797:
6780:"El Clima de la Provincia de Jujuy"
6771:
6697:Earth and Planetary Science Letters
5871:Fernandez, Osvaldo; Busso, Carlos.
5773:. Food and Agriculture Organization
5754:
5388:"El Niño Oscilacion del Sur (ENOS)"
5243:Paegle, Julia; Mo, Kingtse (2002).
4262:Bianchi, Alberto; Cravero, Silvia.
3932:
3900:while the United Kingdom exercises
3629:), which includes the provinces of
3001:
1146:located between the semi-permanent
878:on the eastern slopes in the Andes.
518:
13:
9818:
9092:"El Cambio Climatico en Argentina"
8932:"Where does severe weather occur?"
8880:"Climatology of hail in Argentina"
6936:Canziani, Pablo; Scarel, Eduardo.
6660:Bianchi, A.; Yáñez, C.; Acuña, L.
6473:
6357:"Santiago del Estero: Descripción"
5570:"¿Qué es la Oscilación Antártica?"
4926:Revista Brasileira de Meteorologia
3884:Argentina claims sovereignty over
3459:
335:Factors that influence the climate
139:economic activities of the country
14:
10977:
9993:
9516:"Chapter 16: Floods in Argentina"
8810:
8789:(in Spanish). Ministerio de Salud
8787:"Tornados y tormentas eléctricas"
8332:(in Spanish). Ministerio de Salud
7163:"Región de Las Sierras Pampeanas"
5595:"The Southern Annular Mode (SAM)"
5410:"Influencia del ENSO en el Clima"
3853:Geographical regions of Argentina
3748:
3491:La Plata Astronomical Observatory
3429:World Meteorological Organization
9563:Argentine Farming and Farm Trade
9518:. In Latrubesse, Edgardo (ed.).
9466:. In Latrubesse, Edgardo (ed.).
9441:Arid and Semi–Arid Geomorphology
9055:
8923:
8282:
8256:
8224:
8187:
8010:
7558:
7517:
7364:
6572:South African Journal of Science
6322:"Atlas del Gran Chaco Americano"
4502:"Patagonia–Clima Y Metéorologia"
3894:territorial claims in Antarctica
3817:
3733:July 2007 Argentine winter storm
3627:Spanish: Pasillo de los Tornados
2109:
384:from the south (a branch of the
10264:National Reorganization Process
10005:Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
9876:El clima del noroeste argentino
7237:
6361:Atlas Climático Región Noroeste
5728:
5521:
5499:
5402:
3905:control of the Falkland islands
3670:. The tornado was an F5 on the
1126:are the provinces that make up
648:(Csb), cold oceanic (Cfc), and
533:Climatic regions of Argentina:
33:Climate zones within Argentina.
9897:. In Schwerdtfeger, E. (ed.).
9545:. Elsevier. pp. 351–367.
9522:. Elsevier. pp. 333–349.
9470:. Elsevier. pp. 333–349.
9444:. Cambridge University Press.
9258:
8900:10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.05.020
7097:Procedia Economics and Finance
5476:Heinzenknecht, German (2009).
5431:Heinzenknecht, German (2011).
5051:10.1016/j.atmosres.2011.11.001
3955:Country Nuclear Power Profiles
1219:
874:, the high rainfall creates a
676:
185:Tierra del Fuego National Park
1:
9856:Climate Change and Adaptation
9582:Manual del Ovejero Patagonico
9476:10.1016/S0928-2025(08)10003-7
9370:10.1016/S1571-0866(07)10003-8
8852:(in Spanish). Reporteplatense
8815:. AccuWeather. Archived from
7110:10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00976-9
6816:. International Olive Council
6717:10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00127-8
3926:
2121:
1229:
1226:List of cities by temperature
1194:
810:in the world located between
626:Köppen climate classification
525:Climatic regions of Argentina
386:Antarctic Circumpolar Current
23:Köppen climate classification
9364:. Elsevier. pp. 13–55.
8744:10.1088/1755-1307/7/1/012016
8442:Emerging Infectious Diseases
7377:(in Spanish). Archived from
5025:Rusticucci, Matlide (2012).
4932:(1): 141–158. Archived from
4742:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.10.032
3789:IPCC Fifth Assessment Report
3651:mesoscale convective systems
3615:Tornadoes and severe weather
2910:
2822:
2734:
2646:
2558:
2470:
2382:
2294:
2128:
2018:
1930:
1842:
1754:
1666:
1578:
1490:
1402:
1236:
1090:
1058:El Niño Southern Oscillation
953:Santiago del Estero Province
861:
795:Santiago del Estero Province
642:subtropical highland oceanic
469:El Niño–Southern Oscillation
7:
10669:Water supply and sanitation
9781:. Oxford University Press.
9316:. Oxford University Press.
9027:Atmospheric Science Letters
3810:
3755:Climate change in Argentina
3403:
3349:Average precipitation days
3205:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
3065:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
1187:perception of temperature (
1035:The Pampas includes all of
806:). Chaco is one of the few
10:
10982:
9645:10.1029/EO064i016p00146-03
9579:Morris, Grenville (1990).
8136:. Arizona State University
3752:
3730:
3618:
3521:
3407:
3392:
3015:
3005:
2955:
2911:
2867:
2823:
2779:
2735:
2691:
2647:
2603:
2559:
2515:
2471:
2427:
2383:
2339:
2295:
2251:
2063:
2019:
1975:
1931:
1887:
1843:
1799:
1755:
1711:
1667:
1623:
1579:
1535:
1491:
1447:
1403:
1359:
1223:
987:includes the provinces of
685:includes the provinces of
605:and South Atlantic islands
522:
167:
88:to the east and the drier
10913:
10840:
10834:Climate of South America
10764:
10682:
10597:
10588:
10504:
10495:
10382:
10373:
10296:
10287:
10189:
9836:10.1007/978-3-7643-8838-6
8762:"U.S Tornado Climatology"
7592:10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00082.1
7059:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00206.1
6766:Carrillo Castellanos 1998
5834:10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007
4872:10.1007/s00382-012-1639-y
3727:Snowstorms and cold waves
3517:
3348:
3274:
3204:
3134:
3064:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
1143:Tierra del Fuego Province
1022:
699:humid subtropical climate
303:
255:
210:
175:
10387:Administrative divisions
9541:. In Rabassa, J. (ed.).
9239:Marcelo (15 June 2014).
9063:"Chapter 1-Introduction"
6410:Gorleri, Máximo (2005).
4452:: 85–101. Archived from
3868:
3858:Environment of Argentina
3833:Agriculture in Argentina
3570:Droughts and dust storms
2237:
2233:
2228:
2224:
2219:
2215:
2201:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2138:
2134:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1260:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1242:
932:orographic precipitation
872:orographic precipitation
785:, and northern parts of
752:
719:convective thunderstorms
667:Bosque Andino Patagónico
515:due to teleconnections.
505:sea surface temperatures
9735:Grasslands of the World
9438:Goudie, Andrew (2013).
8735:2009E&ES....7a2016S
8047:. Climate Research Unit
7862:. Climate Research Unit
7571:Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc
7530:Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc
6994:Karlin, Marcos (2012).
6709:2000E&PSL.179..243T
5813:Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci
5619:. Bureau of Meteorology
5597:. Bureau of Meteorology
4969:Garreaud, Réné (2000).
3843:Climate of Buenos Aires
3701:Storm surges caused by
3422:
3410:List of weather records
1039:, eastern and southern
970:
902:, and western parts of
818:throughout the region.
396:Atmospheric Circulation
380:from the north and the
10556:Science and technology
9826:Gut, Bernardo (2008).
9693:The Soils of Argentina
9396:Doering, Otto (2002).
8930:Geoscience Australia.
8886:. 114–115 (1): 70–82.
8454:10.3201/eid1301.060779
7551:10.1175/BAMS-87-8-1057
7310:Monthly Weather Review
5710:"Regiones Geográficas"
5187:Monthly Weather Review
5137:Monthly Weather Review
5096:Monthly Weather Review
4975:Monthly Weather Review
3848:Geography of Argentina
3764:
3703:extratropical cyclones
3587:
3545:
3438:
3419:
2119:
1204:
1104:
1032:
980:
891:
879:
762:
711:positive water balance
607:
464:
452:
405:
390:North Atlantic Current
352:
316:
272:
230:
188:
34:
26:
10064:14 April 2021 at the
9893:Prohaska, F. (1976).
9878:(in Spanish). Magna.
9560:Moore, Oscar (1948).
9272:. CAB International.
7216:10.1007/s003820100183
6613:Bobba, María (2011).
6563:Ahumada, Ana (2002).
6532:"Región del Noroeste"
5736:"Información General"
5322:10.1007/s003820100183
3896:are suspended by the
3863:Glaciers of Argentina
3762:
3743:the country's economy
3713:erosion of coastlines
3581:
3543:
3532:2015 Argentina floods
3528:2013 Argentina floods
3417:
3395:Climate Research Unit
2117:
1202:
1098:
1037:Buenos Aires Province
1030:
978:
948:Quebrada de Humahuaca
885:
869:
760:
632:(Cfa, Cwa), moderate
532:
513:Río de la Plata Basin
489:Antarctic Oscillation
483:Antarctic Oscillation
458:
446:
403:
350:
311:
263:
218:
183:
49:, except for most of
32:
21:
10961:Climate of Argentina
10361:World Heritage Sites
10234:Arms race with Chile
10138:2 March 2021 at the
10049:18 July 2018 at the
9874:Minetti, J. (2005).
9853:Leary, Neil (2008).
9493:Krishna, K. (2015).
9387:De Fina, A. (1992).
9243:(in Spanish). Clarín
8884:Atmospheric Research
8819:on 27 September 2015
7650:10.1002/2014GL061767
7257:. pp. 2009–2010
6876:Altobelli, Fabiana.
6487:on 16 September 2015
6117:"Región del Noreste"
5927:"Argentina in Brief"
5885:on 24 September 2015
5742:on 27 September 2015
5031:Atmospheric Research
4683:10.1175/BAMS-87-1-63
3951:"Argentine Republic"
3633:, Córdoba Province,
3551:Greater Buenos Aires
3505:Other severe weather
2384:Santiago del Estero
1492:Santiago del Estero
747:Bernardo de Irigoyen
745:occurred in 1975 in
39:climate of Argentina
10279:December 2001 riots
10274:Trial of the Juntas
10219:War of Independence
9637:1983EOSTr..64..146F
9625:Péwé, Troy (1981).
9039:2010AtScL..11..249P
8892:2012AtmRe.114...70M
8628:on 4 September 2021
8595:on 13 February 2019
8569:on 13 February 2019
8111:on 20 November 2016
7641:2014GeoRL..41.7359R
7583:2013BAMS...94.1381V
7542:2006BAMS...87.1057Z
7322:2006MWRv..134.3317S
7208:2002ClDy...18..421C
7051:2012JCli...25.1657A
6334:on 11 December 2015
5825:2007HESS...11.1633P
5314:2002ClDy...18..421C
5261:2002JCli...15.1389P
5199:2001MWRv..129.1021L
5149:2002MWRv..130..684V
5108:2007MWRv..135.1268M
5043:2012AtmRe.106....1R
4987:2000MWRv..128.2544G
4864:2013ClDy...41.1983E
4789:2000IJCli..20.1167S
4734:2009PPP...281..180G
4674:2006BAMS...87...63V
4341:2014WIRCC...5...23B
4087:on 20 December 2010
3668:San Justo, Santa Fe
3524:2003 Santa Fe flood
3497:and power outages.
3454:standard conditions
3135:Daily mean °C (°F)
2912:Comodoro Rivadavia
2126:
2020:Comodoro Rivadavia
1234:
1184:Santa Cruz Province
999:. Western parts of
773:. Eastern parts of
725:, particularly the
501:Indian Ocean Dipole
495:Indian Ocean Dipole
439:El Niño and La Niña
370:South Atlantic High
78:Northwest Argentina
55:northern hemisphere
10966:Climate by country
10533:Electricity sector
10204:Colonial Argentina
10083:Climate statistics
9828:Trees in Patagonia
9717:. Academic Press.
8175:on 24 October 2018
7998:on 13 January 2019
7837:on 20 January 2021
7629:Geophys. Res. Lett
7039:Journal of Climate
6240:"Climate Overview"
5249:Journal of Climate
4939:on 13 October 2016
3886:part of Antarctica
3765:
3688:Sierras de Cordoba
3588:
3546:
3493:, causing massive
3470:Río Negro Province
3420:
2210:
2206:
2122:
2120:
1318:
1314:
1230:
1205:
1176:Rio Negro Province
1132:South Pacific High
1105:
1033:
981:
892:
880:
842:trees and a dense
763:
608:
465:
453:
406:
353:
343:Geographic factors
317:
273:
231:
189:
35:
27:
10948:
10947:
10920:other territories
10800:
10799:
10760:
10759:
10584:
10583:
10491:
10490:
10461:Political parties
10456:National Congress
10402:Foreign relations
10369:
10368:
10229:Generation of '80
10199:First inhabitants
9885:978-987-9390-66-5
9866:978-1-84407-470-9
9845:978-3-7643-8837-9
9809:978-1-84407-901-8
9788:978-0-19-531341-3
9745:978-92-5-105337-9
9724:978-0-12-391851-2
9703:978-3-319-76853-3
9654:978-0-8137-2186-6
9617:978-3-540-24329-8
9552:978-0-444-52954-1
9529:978-0-444-53117-9
9506:978-1-4822-5806-6
9485:978-0-444-53117-9
9451:978-1-107-00554-9
9430:978-94-011-9731-1
9409:978-1-4020-7028-0
9379:978-0-444-52954-1
9344:978-980-237-177-8
9323:978-0-19-516234-9
9302:978-0-470-38773-3
9279:978-1-84593-680-8
9220:on 6 October 2015
9194:on 30 August 2015
7331:10.1175/MWR3247.1
7316:(11): 3317–3335.
6383:"Región Chaqueña"
5255:(12): 1389–1407.
5117:10.1175/MWR3344.1
4783:(10): 1167–1190.
4508:on 30 August 2015
4459:on 30 August 2015
3513:Natural disasters
3400:
3399:
2999:
2998:
2107:
2106:
1049:Santa Fe Province
1045:La Pampa Province
1001:La Pampa Province
936:Sierras Pampeanas
791:Santa Fe Province
671:Patagonian Steppe
630:Humid Subtropical
433:Brazilian Plateau
297:Misiones Province
10973:
10940:
10928:Falkland Islands
10842:Sovereign states
10827:
10820:
10813:
10804:
10803:
10780:
10773:
10722:National symbols
10595:
10594:
10551:
10538:Economic history
10522:
10502:
10501:
10380:
10379:
10294:
10293:
10172:
10165:
10158:
10149:
10148:
10144:
10129:
10121:
10113:
10103:list of stations
10093:list of stations
10078:
10070:
10055:
10040:
10030:Maps and imagery
10025:
10017:
10009:
9999:General overview
9988:
9980:
9972:
9964:
9956:
9948:
9940:
9932:
9916:
9889:
9870:
9849:
9813:
9792:
9768:
9749:
9728:
9707:
9686:
9680:
9676:
9674:
9666:
9621:
9609:
9595:Chong, Guillermo
9589:
9587:
9575:
9556:
9533:
9510:
9489:
9465:
9455:
9434:
9413:
9392:
9383:
9348:
9327:
9306:
9283:
9253:
9252:
9250:
9248:
9236:
9230:
9229:
9227:
9225:
9210:
9204:
9203:
9201:
9199:
9193:
9182:
9174:
9165:
9164:
9162:
9160:
9154:
9147:
9139:
9114:
9113:
9111:
9109:
9103:
9096:
9088:
9079:
9078:
9076:
9074:
9059:
9053:
9052:
9050:
9018:
9007:
9001:
8992:
8986:
8975:
8969:
8963:
8957:
8948:
8947:
8945:
8943:
8927:
8921:
8920:
8918:
8916:
8911:
8875:
8862:
8861:
8859:
8857:
8846:
8829:
8828:
8826:
8824:
8808:
8799:
8798:
8796:
8794:
8783:
8774:
8773:
8771:
8769:
8758:
8749:
8748:
8746:
8714:
8701:
8695:
8686:
8680:
8669:
8668:
8666:
8664:
8649:
8638:
8637:
8635:
8633:
8627:
8620:
8611:
8605:
8604:
8602:
8600:
8585:
8579:
8578:
8576:
8574:
8559:
8548:
8542:
8536:
8530:
8524:
8518:
8509:
8508:
8506:
8504:
8489:
8476:
8475:
8465:
8433:
8424:
8418:
8412:
8411:
8409:
8407:
8397:
8389:
8378:
8372:
8366:
8360:
8354:
8348:
8342:
8341:
8339:
8337:
8326:
8317:
8311:
8302:
8301:
8299:
8297:
8286:
8280:
8279:
8277:
8275:
8260:
8254:
8253:
8251:
8249:
8243:
8236:
8228:
8222:
8216:
8207:
8206:
8204:
8202:
8191:
8185:
8184:
8182:
8180:
8174:
8167:
8159:
8146:
8145:
8143:
8141:
8130:
8121:
8120:
8118:
8116:
8110:
8103:
8095:
8086:
8085:
8083:
8081:
8076:on 3 August 2018
8066:
8057:
8056:
8054:
8052:
8040:
8034:
8033:
8031:
8029:
8024:on 23 March 2017
8014:
8008:
8007:
8005:
8003:
7988:
7982:
7981:
7979:
7977:
7962:
7953:
7952:
7950:
7948:
7937:
7872:
7871:
7869:
7867:
7856:
7847:
7846:
7844:
7842:
7836:
7825:
7816:
7805:
7799:
7793:
7787:
7781:
7775:
7769:
7763:
7752:
7751:
7749:
7747:
7737:
7729:
7723:
7717:
7711:
7705:
7694:
7688:
7679:
7673:
7667:
7661:
7655:
7654:
7652:
7620:
7605:
7604:
7594:
7562:
7556:
7555:
7553:
7521:
7515:
7509:
7488:
7487:
7485:
7483:
7473:
7464:
7458:
7447:
7441:
7432:
7426:
7415:
7409:
7394:
7393:
7391:
7389:
7384:on 10 March 2016
7383:
7376:
7368:
7362:
7361:
7359:
7357:
7342:
7336:
7335:
7333:
7301:
7295:
7294:
7292:
7290:
7284:
7273:
7267:
7266:
7264:
7262:
7252:
7241:
7235:
7234:
7232:
7230:
7196:Climate Dynamics
7193:
7184:
7178:
7177:
7175:
7173:
7167:
7159:
7153:
7152:
7150:
7148:
7142:
7138:"Región de Cuyo"
7134:
7125:
7124:
7122:
7112:
7088:
7073:
7072:
7070:
7045:(5): 1657–1677.
7034:
7019:
7018:
7016:
7014:
7000:
6991:
6982:
6981:
6979:
6977:
6962:
6953:
6952:
6950:
6948:
6942:
6933:
6924:
6923:
6921:
6919:
6913:
6904:
6893:
6892:
6890:
6888:
6882:
6873:
6867:
6866:
6864:
6862:
6853:. Archived from
6847:
6838:
6832:
6826:
6825:
6823:
6821:
6815:
6806:
6795:
6794:
6792:
6790:
6784:
6778:Buitrago, Luis.
6775:
6769:
6763:
6754:
6753:
6751:
6749:
6743:
6734:
6728:
6727:
6725:
6723:
6688:
6677:
6676:
6674:
6672:
6666:
6657:
6646:
6640:
6634:
6633:
6631:
6629:
6610:
6595:
6594:
6592:
6590:
6584:
6569:
6560:
6547:
6546:
6544:
6542:
6536:
6528:
6522:
6521:
6519:
6517:
6511:
6503:
6497:
6496:
6494:
6492:
6477:
6471:
6470:
6468:
6466:
6460:
6453:
6445:
6434:
6433:
6431:
6429:
6423:
6417:. Archived from
6416:
6407:
6398:
6397:
6395:
6393:
6387:
6379:
6373:
6372:
6370:
6368:
6353:
6344:
6343:
6341:
6339:
6333:
6326:
6318:
6309:
6303:
6286:
6285:
6283:
6281:
6266:
6255:
6254:
6252:
6250:
6244:
6236:
6221:
6220:
6218:
6216:
6205:
6194:
6193:
6191:
6189:
6174:
6163:
6162:
6160:
6158:
6143:
6132:
6131:
6129:
6127:
6121:
6113:
6094:
6093:
6091:
6089:
6083:
6076:
6068:
6039:
6038:
6036:
6034:
6028:
6017:
6008:
6007:
6005:
6003:
5988:
5955:
5949:
5943:
5942:
5940:
5938:
5933:on 20 March 2008
5923:
5912:
5906:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5890:
5884:
5877:
5868:
5847:
5846:
5836:
5819:(5): 1633–1644.
5804:
5798:
5792:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5778:
5763:
5752:
5751:
5749:
5747:
5732:
5726:
5725:
5723:
5721:
5706:
5700:
5699:
5697:
5695:
5689:
5681:
5660:
5659:
5657:
5655:
5644:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5624:
5613:
5607:
5606:
5604:
5602:
5591:
5582:
5581:
5579:
5577:
5566:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5536:
5525:
5519:
5518:
5516:
5514:
5503:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5492:
5482:
5473:
5452:
5451:
5449:
5447:
5437:
5428:
5422:
5421:
5419:
5417:
5406:
5400:
5399:
5397:
5395:
5384:
5375:
5374:
5372:
5370:
5355:
5349:
5348:
5346:
5344:
5338:
5332:. Archived from
5302:Climate Dynamics
5299:
5290:
5275:
5274:
5272:
5240:
5229:
5228:
5218:
5193:(5): 1021–1041.
5182:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5160:
5128:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5102:(4): 1268–1289.
5087:
5072:
5071:
5069:
5067:
5062:
5022:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4981:(7): 2544–2559.
4966:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4944:
4938:
4923:
4914:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4894:
4880:20.500.12542/278
4858:(7): 1983–2002.
4852:Climate Dynamics
4849:
4840:
4829:
4828:
4826:
4824:
4818:
4810:
4801:
4800:
4772:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4728:(3–4): 180–195.
4713:
4688:
4687:
4685:
4653:
4647:
4641:
4632:
4631:
4629:
4627:
4621:
4610:
4601:
4595:
4589:
4583:
4577:
4571:
4565:
4559:
4553:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4539:
4534:on 28 April 2016
4524:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4513:
4498:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4464:
4458:
4446:Ecologia Austral
4443:
4434:
4401:
4395:
4378:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4360:
4320:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4259:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4235:
4225:
4217:
4206:
4205:
4203:
4201:
4191:
4183:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4150:
4133:
4132:
4130:
4128:
4118:
4110:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4092:
4077:
4062:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4047:
4039:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4015:
4007:
3998:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3982:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3947:
3920:
3913:
3907:
3898:Antarctic Treaty
3890:Falkland Islands
3882:
3827:
3825:Argentina portal
3822:
3821:
3820:
3719:shores, and the
3582:A dust storm in
3013:
3012:
3002:Overall averages
2731:1,236.3 (48.67)
2648:Puente del Inca
2511:1,867.2 (73.51)
2467:1,436.8 (56.57)
2247:
2243:
2238:
2234:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2180:
2175:
2171:
2166:
2162:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2144:
2139:
2135:
2127:
1756:Puente del Inca
1355:
1351:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1333:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1274:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1252:
1247:
1243:
1235:
1180:Neuquén Province
1168:Malvinas Current
1124:Tierra del Fuego
1065:Malvinas Current
1041:Córdoba Province
1031:Pampas landscape
823:Formosa Province
787:Córdoba Province
783:Tucumán Province
620:in the north to
600:
591:
582:
573:
564:
555:
546:
537:
519:Regional climate
415:anticyclogenesis
382:Malvinas Current
293:Tucumán Province
269:Córdoba Province
143:energy shortages
25:map of Argentina
10981:
10980:
10976:
10975:
10974:
10972:
10971:
10970:
10951:
10950:
10949:
10944:
10938:
10921:
10919:
10909:
10836:
10831:
10801:
10796:
10783:
10776:
10769:
10756:
10737:Public holidays
10678:
10637:Life expectancy
10580:
10549:
10518:
10487:
10446:Law enforcement
10365:
10283:
10244:Infamous Decade
10185:
10176:
10142:
10140:Wayback Machine
10127:
10119:
10111:
10085:
10076:
10068:
10066:Wayback Machine
10053:
10051:Wayback Machine
10038:
10032:
10023:
10015:
10007:
10001:
9996:
9991:
9983:
9975:
9967:
9959:
9951:
9943:
9935:
9919:
9913:
9886:
9867:
9846:
9821:
9819:Further reading
9816:
9810:
9789:
9746:
9725:
9704:
9678:
9677:
9668:
9667:
9655:
9618:
9607:
9585:
9553:
9530:
9507:
9486:
9463:
9452:
9431:
9410:
9380:
9345:
9324:
9303:
9280:
9261:
9256:
9246:
9244:
9237:
9233:
9223:
9221:
9212:
9211:
9207:
9197:
9195:
9191:
9180:
9176:
9175:
9168:
9158:
9156:
9155:on 4 March 2016
9152:
9145:
9141:
9140:
9117:
9107:
9105:
9104:on 4 March 2016
9101:
9094:
9090:
9089:
9082:
9072:
9070:
9061:
9060:
9056:
9048:10.1002/asl.283
9019:
9010:
9002:
8995:
8987:
8978:
8970:
8966:
8958:
8951:
8941:
8939:
8938:on 21 June 2009
8928:
8924:
8914:
8912:
8876:
8865:
8855:
8853:
8848:
8847:
8832:
8822:
8820:
8809:
8802:
8792:
8790:
8785:
8784:
8777:
8767:
8765:
8760:
8759:
8752:
8715:
8704:
8696:
8689:
8681:
8672:
8662:
8660:
8658:Washington Post
8650:
8641:
8631:
8629:
8625:
8618:
8612:
8608:
8598:
8596:
8587:
8586:
8582:
8572:
8570:
8561:
8560:
8551:
8543:
8539:
8531:
8527:
8519:
8512:
8502:
8500:
8491:
8490:
8479:
8434:
8427:
8421:Latrubesse 2009
8419:
8415:
8405:
8403:
8395:
8391:
8390:
8381:
8375:Latrubesse 2009
8373:
8369:
8363:Latrubesse 2009
8361:
8357:
8351:Latrubesse 2009
8349:
8345:
8335:
8333:
8328:
8327:
8320:
8314:Latrubesse 2009
8312:
8305:
8295:
8293:
8288:
8287:
8283:
8273:
8271:
8261:
8257:
8247:
8245:
8241:
8234:
8230:
8229:
8225:
8217:
8210:
8200:
8198:
8193:
8192:
8188:
8178:
8176:
8172:
8165:
8161:
8160:
8149:
8139:
8137:
8132:
8131:
8124:
8114:
8112:
8108:
8101:
8097:
8096:
8089:
8079:
8077:
8068:
8067:
8060:
8050:
8048:
8041:
8037:
8027:
8025:
8016:
8015:
8011:
8001:
7999:
7990:
7989:
7985:
7975:
7973:
7972:on 23 June 2015
7964:
7963:
7956:
7946:
7944:
7939:
7938:
7875:
7865:
7863:
7858:
7857:
7850:
7840:
7838:
7834:
7823:
7817:
7808:
7800:
7796:
7788:
7784:
7776:
7772:
7764:
7755:
7745:
7743:
7735:
7731:
7730:
7726:
7718:
7714:
7706:
7697:
7689:
7682:
7674:
7670:
7662:
7658:
7635:(20): 7359–66.
7621:
7608:
7563:
7559:
7522:
7518:
7510:
7491:
7481:
7479:
7475:
7474:
7467:
7459:
7450:
7442:
7435:
7427:
7418:
7410:
7397:
7387:
7385:
7381:
7374:
7370:
7369:
7365:
7355:
7353:
7352:on 23 June 2015
7344:
7343:
7339:
7302:
7298:
7288:
7286:
7282:
7274:
7270:
7260:
7258:
7250:
7242:
7238:
7228:
7226:
7191:
7185:
7181:
7171:
7169:
7165:
7161:
7160:
7156:
7146:
7144:
7140:
7136:
7135:
7128:
7089:
7076:
7035:
7022:
7012:
7010:
6998:
6992:
6985:
6975:
6973:
6972:on 13 June 2015
6964:
6963:
6956:
6946:
6944:
6940:
6934:
6927:
6917:
6915:
6911:
6905:
6896:
6886:
6884:
6880:
6874:
6870:
6860:
6858:
6857:on 9 March 2016
6849:
6848:
6841:
6833:
6829:
6819:
6817:
6813:
6807:
6798:
6788:
6786:
6782:
6776:
6772:
6764:
6757:
6747:
6745:
6741:
6735:
6731:
6721:
6719:
6689:
6680:
6670:
6668:
6664:
6658:
6649:
6641:
6637:
6627:
6625:
6611:
6598:
6588:
6586:
6582:
6567:
6561:
6550:
6540:
6538:
6534:
6530:
6529:
6525:
6515:
6513:
6509:
6505:
6504:
6500:
6490:
6488:
6479:
6478:
6474:
6464:
6462:
6461:on 4 March 2016
6458:
6451:
6447:
6446:
6437:
6427:
6425:
6424:on 4 March 2016
6421:
6414:
6408:
6401:
6391:
6389:
6385:
6381:
6380:
6376:
6366:
6364:
6355:
6354:
6347:
6337:
6335:
6331:
6324:
6320:
6319:
6312:
6304:
6289:
6279:
6277:
6268:
6267:
6258:
6248:
6246:
6242:
6238:
6237:
6224:
6214:
6212:
6207:
6206:
6197:
6187:
6185:
6176:
6175:
6166:
6156:
6154:
6145:
6144:
6135:
6125:
6123:
6119:
6115:
6114:
6097:
6087:
6085:
6084:on 30 June 2015
6081:
6074:
6070:
6069:
6042:
6032:
6030:
6026:
6018:
6011:
6001:
5999:
5998:on 30 June 2015
5990:
5989:
5958:
5950:
5946:
5936:
5934:
5925:
5924:
5915:
5907:
5898:
5888:
5886:
5882:
5875:
5869:
5850:
5805:
5801:
5793:
5786:
5776:
5774:
5765:
5764:
5755:
5745:
5743:
5734:
5733:
5729:
5719:
5717:
5708:
5707:
5703:
5693:
5691:
5687:
5683:
5682:
5663:
5653:
5651:
5646:
5645:
5632:
5622:
5620:
5615:
5614:
5610:
5600:
5598:
5593:
5592:
5585:
5575:
5573:
5568:
5567:
5544:
5534:
5532:
5527:
5526:
5522:
5512:
5510:
5505:
5504:
5500:
5490:
5488:
5480:
5474:
5455:
5445:
5443:
5435:
5429:
5425:
5415:
5413:
5408:
5407:
5403:
5393:
5391:
5386:
5385:
5378:
5368:
5366:
5357:
5356:
5352:
5342:
5340:
5339:on 23 June 2015
5336:
5297:
5291:
5278:
5241:
5232:
5183:
5176:
5129:
5125:
5088:
5075:
5065:
5063:
5023:
5004:
4967:
4952:
4942:
4940:
4936:
4921:
4915:
4902:
4892:
4890:
4847:
4841:
4832:
4822:
4820:
4816:
4812:
4811:
4804:
4773:
4756:
4746:
4744:
4714:
4691:
4654:
4650:
4642:
4635:
4625:
4623:
4622:on 4 March 2016
4619:
4608:
4602:
4598:
4590:
4586:
4580:Latrubesse 2009
4578:
4574:
4568:Latrubesse 2009
4566:
4562:
4554:
4547:
4537:
4535:
4528:"Mar Argentino"
4526:
4525:
4521:
4511:
4509:
4500:
4499:
4472:
4462:
4460:
4456:
4441:
4435:
4404:
4396:
4381:
4371:
4369:
4349:10.1002/wcc.316
4321:
4274:
4266:
4260:
4243:
4233:
4231:
4223:
4219:
4218:
4209:
4199:
4197:
4189:
4185:
4184:
4173:
4163:
4161:
4152:
4151:
4136:
4126:
4124:
4116:
4112:
4111:
4100:
4090:
4088:
4079:
4078:
4065:
4055:
4053:
4045:
4041:
4040:
4033:
4023:
4021:
4013:
4009:
4008:
4001:
3991:
3989:
3984:
3983:
3970:
3960:
3958:
3949:
3948:
3933:
3929:
3924:
3923:
3914:
3910:
3883:
3876:
3871:
3823:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3797:desertification
3757:
3751:
3735:
3729:
3717:Rio de La Plata
3623:
3617:
3572:
3538:
3520:
3515:
3507:
3462:
3450:Chubut Province
3441:
3425:
3412:
3406:
3401:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3010:
3004:
2245:
2241:
2236:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2218:
2214:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2164:
2160:
2155:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2137:
2133:
2112:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1241:
1228:
1222:
1197:
1093:
1047:, and southern
1025:
973:
864:
808:natural regions
755:
742:cold air masses
723:frontal systems
679:
606:
598:
596:
589:
587:
580:
578:
571:
569:
562:
560:
553:
551:
544:
542:
535:
527:
521:
497:
485:
473:teleconnections
441:
398:
345:
337:
306:
258:
213:
178:
170:
12:
11:
5:
10979:
10969:
10968:
10963:
10946:
10945:
10943:
10942:
10935:
10930:
10924:
10922:
10914:
10911:
10910:
10908:
10907:
10902:
10897:
10892:
10887:
10882:
10877:
10872:
10867:
10862:
10857:
10852:
10846:
10844:
10838:
10837:
10830:
10829:
10822:
10815:
10807:
10798:
10797:
10795:
10794:
10789:
10782:
10781:
10774:
10766:
10765:
10762:
10761:
10758:
10757:
10755:
10754:
10749:
10744:
10739:
10734:
10729:
10724:
10719:
10714:
10709:
10704:
10699:
10694:
10688:
10686:
10680:
10679:
10677:
10676:
10671:
10666:
10661:
10656:
10655:
10654:
10649:
10639:
10634:
10629:
10624:
10619:
10614:
10609:
10604:
10598:
10592:
10586:
10585:
10582:
10581:
10579:
10578:
10573:
10568:
10563:
10561:Stock Exchange
10558:
10553:
10545:
10540:
10535:
10530:
10528:Communications
10525:
10524:
10523:
10511:
10505:
10499:
10493:
10492:
10489:
10488:
10486:
10485:
10480:
10478:Vice President
10475:
10474:
10473:
10463:
10458:
10453:
10448:
10443:
10438:
10437:
10436:
10431:
10426:
10416:
10415:
10414:
10404:
10399:
10394:
10389:
10383:
10377:
10371:
10370:
10367:
10366:
10364:
10363:
10358:
10353:
10348:
10346:National Parks
10343:
10338:
10333:
10328:
10323:
10321:Extreme points
10318:
10313:
10308:
10303:
10297:
10291:
10285:
10284:
10282:
10281:
10276:
10271:
10266:
10261:
10256:
10251:
10246:
10241:
10236:
10231:
10226:
10221:
10216:
10211:
10206:
10201:
10195:
10193:
10187:
10186:
10175:
10174:
10167:
10160:
10152:
10146:
10145:
10130:
10122:
10114:
10106:
10096:
10084:
10081:
10080:
10079:
10071:
10056:
10041:
10031:
10028:
10027:
10026:
10018:
10010:
10000:
9997:
9995:
9994:External links
9992:
9990:
9989:
9981:
9973:
9965:
9957:
9949:
9941:
9933:
9917:
9912:978-0444412713
9911:
9890:
9884:
9871:
9865:
9850:
9844:
9822:
9820:
9817:
9815:
9814:
9808:
9793:
9787:
9773:Veblen, Thomas
9769:
9750:
9744:
9729:
9723:
9708:
9702:
9687:
9679:|journal=
9653:
9622:
9616:
9593:Oncken, Onno;
9590:
9576:
9557:
9551:
9534:
9528:
9511:
9505:
9490:
9484:
9456:
9450:
9435:
9429:
9414:
9408:
9393:
9384:
9378:
9349:
9343:
9337:. Equinoccio.
9328:
9322:
9307:
9301:
9284:
9278:
9262:
9260:
9257:
9255:
9254:
9231:
9205:
9166:
9115:
9080:
9054:
9033:(4): 249–254.
9008:
8993:
8976:
8964:
8949:
8922:
8863:
8830:
8811:Abate, Jenna.
8800:
8775:
8750:
8702:
8700:, p. 124.
8687:
8670:
8639:
8606:
8580:
8549:
8547:, p. 158.
8537:
8525:
8523:, p. 134.
8510:
8477:
8425:
8413:
8379:
8377:, p. 346.
8367:
8365:, p. 338.
8355:
8353:, p. 333.
8343:
8330:"Inundaciones"
8318:
8316:, p. 349.
8303:
8281:
8269:New York Times
8255:
8244:on 2 July 2015
8223:
8221:, p. 427.
8208:
8186:
8147:
8122:
8087:
8058:
8035:
8009:
7983:
7954:
7873:
7848:
7806:
7794:
7782:
7770:
7768:, p. 124.
7753:
7724:
7722:, p. 121.
7712:
7695:
7693:, p. 125.
7680:
7678:, p. 234.
7668:
7666:, p. 233.
7656:
7606:
7577:(9): 1381–91.
7557:
7536:(8): 1057–71.
7516:
7514:, p. 151.
7489:
7465:
7463:, p. 391.
7448:
7433:
7431:, p. 195.
7416:
7395:
7363:
7337:
7296:
7268:
7236:
7202:(5): 421–435.
7179:
7154:
7126:
7074:
7020:
6983:
6954:
6925:
6894:
6868:
6839:
6837:, p. 267.
6827:
6796:
6770:
6768:, p. 129.
6755:
6729:
6703:(2): 243–256.
6678:
6647:
6645:, p. 268.
6635:
6596:
6548:
6523:
6498:
6472:
6435:
6399:
6374:
6345:
6310:
6287:
6276:on 3 July 2015
6256:
6222:
6195:
6184:on 3 July 2015
6164:
6153:on 3 July 2015
6133:
6095:
6040:
6009:
5956:
5944:
5913:
5896:
5848:
5799:
5784:
5753:
5727:
5716:on 29 May 2016
5701:
5661:
5630:
5608:
5583:
5542:
5520:
5498:
5453:
5423:
5401:
5376:
5350:
5308:(5): 421–435.
5276:
5230:
5174:
5143:(3): 684–699.
5123:
5073:
5002:
4950:
4900:
4830:
4802:
4754:
4689:
4648:
4633:
4596:
4584:
4572:
4560:
4558:, p. 316.
4545:
4519:
4470:
4402:
4400:, p. 351.
4379:
4335:(2): 151–169.
4272:
4241:
4207:
4171:
4134:
4098:
4063:
4031:
3999:
3968:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3922:
3921:
3908:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3829:
3828:
3812:
3809:
3801:sea level rise
3753:Main article:
3750:
3749:Climate change
3747:
3728:
3725:
3616:
3613:
3600:erode the rock
3571:
3568:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3506:
3503:
3483:Salta Province
3461:
3458:
3440:
3437:
3424:
3421:
3405:
3402:
3398:
3397:
3390:
3389:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3362:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3350:
3346:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3202:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3062:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3034:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3022:
3018:
3017:
3011:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2995:537.0 (21.14)
2993:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2957:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2909:
2908:
2907:801.7 (31.56)
2905:
2902:
2899:
2896:
2893:
2890:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2865:
2864:
2863:926.1 (36.46)
2861:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2824:Mar del Plata
2821:
2820:
2819:745.5 (29.35)
2817:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2775:814.0 (32.05)
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2687:302.8 (11.92)
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2645:
2644:
2643:333.0 (13.11)
2641:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2599:657.9 (25.90)
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2513:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2500:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2469:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2423:629.1 (24.77)
2421:
2418:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2379:412.0 (16.22)
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2337:
2336:
2335:351.6 (13.84)
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2293:
2292:
2291:748.1 (29.45)
2289:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2239:
2230:
2221:
2212:
2203:
2194:
2185:
2176:
2167:
2158:
2149:
2140:
2131:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1933:
1932:Mar del Plata
1929:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1797:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1709:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1444:
1441:
1438:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1357:
1356:
1347:
1338:
1329:
1320:
1311:
1302:
1293:
1284:
1275:
1266:
1257:
1248:
1239:
1221:
1218:
1214:imperial units
1209:Atacama Desert
1196:
1193:
1092:
1089:
1024:
1021:
972:
969:
904:Salta Province
863:
860:
779:Salta Province
775:Jujuy Province
754:
751:
707:water scarcity
681:The region of
678:
675:
597:
588:
579:
570:
561:
552:
543:
534:
523:Main article:
520:
517:
496:
493:
484:
481:
440:
437:
424:Coriolis force
397:
394:
378:Brazil Current
344:
341:
336:
333:
321:autumn foliage
305:
302:
289:Jujuy Province
285:Salta Province
257:
254:
224:Plaza Miserere
212:
209:
177:
174:
169:
166:
150:climate change
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10978:
10967:
10964:
10962:
10959:
10958:
10956:
10941:
10936:
10934:
10933:French Guiana
10931:
10929:
10926:
10925:
10923:
10917:
10912:
10906:
10903:
10901:
10898:
10896:
10893:
10891:
10888:
10886:
10883:
10881:
10878:
10876:
10873:
10871:
10868:
10866:
10863:
10861:
10858:
10856:
10853:
10851:
10848:
10847:
10845:
10843:
10839:
10835:
10828:
10823:
10821:
10816:
10814:
10809:
10808:
10805:
10793:
10790:
10788:
10785:
10784:
10779:
10775:
10772:
10768:
10767:
10763:
10753:
10750:
10748:
10745:
10743:
10740:
10738:
10735:
10733:
10730:
10728:
10725:
10723:
10720:
10718:
10715:
10713:
10710:
10708:
10705:
10703:
10700:
10698:
10695:
10693:
10690:
10689:
10687:
10685:
10681:
10675:
10672:
10670:
10667:
10665:
10662:
10660:
10657:
10653:
10652:Ethnic groups
10650:
10648:
10645:
10644:
10643:
10640:
10638:
10635:
10633:
10630:
10628:
10625:
10623:
10620:
10618:
10615:
10613:
10610:
10608:
10605:
10603:
10600:
10599:
10596:
10593:
10591:
10587:
10577:
10574:
10572:
10569:
10567:
10564:
10562:
10559:
10557:
10554:
10552:
10546:
10544:
10543:Foreign trade
10541:
10539:
10536:
10534:
10531:
10529:
10526:
10521:
10517:
10516:
10515:
10512:
10510:
10507:
10506:
10503:
10500:
10498:
10494:
10484:
10483:Supreme Court
10481:
10479:
10476:
10472:
10469:
10468:
10467:
10464:
10462:
10459:
10457:
10454:
10452:
10449:
10447:
10444:
10442:
10439:
10435:
10432:
10430:
10427:
10425:
10422:
10421:
10420:
10417:
10413:
10410:
10409:
10408:
10405:
10403:
10400:
10398:
10395:
10393:
10390:
10388:
10385:
10384:
10381:
10378:
10376:
10372:
10362:
10359:
10357:
10354:
10352:
10349:
10347:
10344:
10342:
10339:
10337:
10334:
10332:
10329:
10327:
10324:
10322:
10319:
10317:
10314:
10312:
10309:
10307:
10304:
10302:
10299:
10298:
10295:
10292:
10290:
10286:
10280:
10277:
10275:
10272:
10270:
10269:Falklands War
10267:
10265:
10262:
10260:
10257:
10255:
10252:
10250:
10247:
10245:
10242:
10240:
10237:
10235:
10232:
10230:
10227:
10225:
10222:
10220:
10217:
10215:
10212:
10210:
10207:
10205:
10202:
10200:
10197:
10196:
10194:
10192:
10188:
10184:
10180:
10173:
10168:
10166:
10161:
10159:
10154:
10153:
10150:
10141:
10137:
10134:
10131:
10126:
10123:
10118:
10115:
10110:
10107:
10104:
10100:
10097:
10094:
10090:
10087:
10086:
10075:
10072:
10067:
10063:
10060:
10057:
10052:
10048:
10045:
10042:
10037:
10034:
10033:
10022:
10019:
10014:
10011:
10006:
10003:
10002:
9986:
9982:
9978:
9974:
9970:
9966:
9962:
9958:
9954:
9950:
9946:
9942:
9938:
9934:
9930:
9926:
9922:
9918:
9914:
9908:
9904:
9900:
9896:
9891:
9887:
9881:
9877:
9872:
9868:
9862:
9859:. Earthscan.
9858:
9857:
9851:
9847:
9841:
9837:
9833:
9829:
9824:
9823:
9811:
9805:
9802:. Routledge.
9801:
9800:
9794:
9790:
9784:
9780:
9779:
9774:
9770:
9766:
9762:
9758:
9757:
9751:
9747:
9741:
9737:
9736:
9730:
9726:
9720:
9716:
9715:
9709:
9705:
9699:
9695:
9694:
9688:
9684:
9672:
9664:
9660:
9656:
9650:
9646:
9642:
9638:
9634:
9630:
9629:
9623:
9619:
9613:
9606:
9605:
9600:
9599:Ramos, Victor
9596:
9591:
9584:
9583:
9577:
9573:
9569:
9565:
9564:
9558:
9554:
9548:
9544:
9540:
9535:
9531:
9525:
9521:
9517:
9512:
9508:
9502:
9499:. CRC Press.
9498:
9497:
9491:
9487:
9481:
9477:
9473:
9469:
9462:
9457:
9453:
9447:
9443:
9442:
9436:
9432:
9426:
9422:
9421:
9415:
9411:
9405:
9401:
9400:
9394:
9390:
9385:
9381:
9375:
9371:
9367:
9363:
9359:
9355:
9350:
9346:
9340:
9336:
9335:
9329:
9325:
9319:
9315:
9314:
9308:
9304:
9298:
9294:
9290:
9285:
9281:
9275:
9271:
9270:
9264:
9263:
9242:
9235:
9219:
9215:
9209:
9190:
9186:
9179:
9173:
9171:
9151:
9144:
9138:
9136:
9134:
9132:
9130:
9128:
9126:
9124:
9122:
9120:
9100:
9093:
9087:
9085:
9068:
9064:
9058:
9049:
9044:
9040:
9036:
9032:
9028:
9024:
9017:
9015:
9013:
9006:, p. 58.
9005:
9000:
8998:
8991:, p. 57.
8990:
8985:
8983:
8981:
8974:, p. 54.
8973:
8968:
8962:, p. 56.
8961:
8956:
8954:
8937:
8933:
8926:
8910:
8905:
8901:
8897:
8893:
8889:
8885:
8881:
8874:
8872:
8870:
8868:
8851:
8845:
8843:
8841:
8839:
8837:
8835:
8818:
8814:
8807:
8805:
8788:
8782:
8780:
8763:
8757:
8755:
8745:
8740:
8736:
8732:
8729:(1): 012016.
8728:
8724:
8720:
8713:
8711:
8709:
8707:
8699:
8694:
8692:
8684:
8679:
8677:
8675:
8659:
8655:
8648:
8646:
8644:
8624:
8617:
8610:
8594:
8590:
8584:
8568:
8564:
8558:
8556:
8554:
8546:
8541:
8534:
8529:
8522:
8517:
8515:
8498:
8494:
8488:
8486:
8484:
8482:
8473:
8469:
8464:
8459:
8455:
8451:
8447:
8443:
8439:
8432:
8430:
8422:
8417:
8401:
8394:
8388:
8386:
8384:
8376:
8371:
8364:
8359:
8352:
8347:
8331:
8325:
8323:
8315:
8310:
8308:
8291:
8285:
8270:
8266:
8259:
8240:
8233:
8227:
8220:
8215:
8213:
8196:
8190:
8171:
8164:
8158:
8156:
8154:
8152:
8135:
8129:
8127:
8107:
8100:
8094:
8092:
8075:
8071:
8065:
8063:
8046:
8039:
8023:
8019:
8013:
7997:
7993:
7987:
7971:
7967:
7961:
7959:
7942:
7936:
7934:
7932:
7930:
7928:
7926:
7924:
7922:
7920:
7918:
7916:
7914:
7912:
7910:
7908:
7906:
7904:
7902:
7900:
7898:
7896:
7894:
7892:
7890:
7888:
7886:
7884:
7882:
7880:
7878:
7861:
7855:
7853:
7833:
7829:
7822:
7815:
7813:
7811:
7804:, p. 21.
7803:
7802:Coronato 2008
7798:
7792:, p. 22.
7791:
7790:Coronato 2008
7786:
7780:, p. 16.
7779:
7774:
7767:
7762:
7760:
7758:
7741:
7734:
7728:
7721:
7716:
7710:, p. 20.
7709:
7708:Coronato 2008
7704:
7702:
7700:
7692:
7687:
7685:
7677:
7672:
7665:
7660:
7651:
7646:
7642:
7638:
7634:
7630:
7626:
7619:
7617:
7615:
7613:
7611:
7602:
7598:
7593:
7588:
7584:
7580:
7576:
7572:
7568:
7561:
7552:
7547:
7543:
7539:
7535:
7531:
7527:
7520:
7513:
7508:
7506:
7504:
7502:
7500:
7498:
7496:
7494:
7478:
7472:
7470:
7462:
7457:
7455:
7453:
7446:, p. 72.
7445:
7440:
7438:
7430:
7425:
7423:
7421:
7414:, p. 47.
7413:
7408:
7406:
7404:
7402:
7400:
7380:
7373:
7367:
7351:
7347:
7341:
7332:
7327:
7323:
7319:
7315:
7311:
7307:
7300:
7281:
7280:
7272:
7256:
7255:Foz do Iguaçu
7249:
7248:
7240:
7225:
7221:
7217:
7213:
7209:
7205:
7201:
7197:
7190:
7183:
7164:
7158:
7139:
7133:
7131:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7102:
7098:
7094:
7087:
7085:
7083:
7081:
7079:
7069:
7064:
7060:
7056:
7052:
7048:
7044:
7040:
7033:
7031:
7029:
7027:
7025:
7008:
7004:
6997:
6990:
6988:
6971:
6967:
6961:
6959:
6939:
6932:
6930:
6910:
6903:
6901:
6899:
6879:
6872:
6856:
6852:
6846:
6844:
6836:
6831:
6812:
6805:
6803:
6801:
6781:
6774:
6767:
6762:
6760:
6740:
6733:
6718:
6714:
6710:
6706:
6702:
6698:
6694:
6687:
6685:
6683:
6663:
6656:
6654:
6652:
6644:
6639:
6624:
6620:
6616:
6609:
6607:
6605:
6603:
6601:
6585:on 4 May 2013
6581:
6577:
6573:
6566:
6559:
6557:
6555:
6553:
6533:
6527:
6508:
6502:
6486:
6482:
6476:
6457:
6450:
6444:
6442:
6440:
6420:
6413:
6406:
6404:
6384:
6378:
6362:
6358:
6352:
6350:
6330:
6323:
6317:
6315:
6308:, p. 73.
6307:
6302:
6300:
6298:
6296:
6294:
6292:
6275:
6271:
6265:
6263:
6261:
6241:
6235:
6233:
6231:
6229:
6227:
6210:
6204:
6202:
6200:
6183:
6179:
6173:
6171:
6169:
6152:
6148:
6142:
6140:
6138:
6118:
6112:
6110:
6108:
6106:
6104:
6102:
6100:
6080:
6073:
6067:
6065:
6063:
6061:
6059:
6057:
6055:
6053:
6051:
6049:
6047:
6045:
6025:
6024:
6016:
6014:
5997:
5993:
5987:
5985:
5983:
5981:
5979:
5977:
5975:
5973:
5971:
5969:
5967:
5965:
5963:
5961:
5954:, p. 14.
5953:
5948:
5932:
5928:
5922:
5920:
5918:
5910:
5905:
5903:
5901:
5881:
5874:
5867:
5865:
5863:
5861:
5859:
5857:
5855:
5853:
5844:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5826:
5822:
5818:
5814:
5810:
5803:
5797:, p. 28.
5796:
5791:
5789:
5772:
5768:
5762:
5760:
5758:
5741:
5737:
5731:
5715:
5711:
5705:
5686:
5680:
5678:
5676:
5674:
5672:
5670:
5668:
5666:
5649:
5643:
5641:
5639:
5637:
5635:
5618:
5612:
5596:
5590:
5588:
5571:
5565:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5557:
5555:
5553:
5551:
5549:
5547:
5530:
5524:
5508:
5502:
5486:
5479:
5472:
5470:
5468:
5466:
5464:
5462:
5460:
5458:
5441:
5434:
5427:
5411:
5405:
5389:
5383:
5381:
5365:on 2 May 2016
5364:
5360:
5354:
5335:
5331:
5327:
5323:
5319:
5315:
5311:
5307:
5303:
5296:
5289:
5287:
5285:
5283:
5281:
5271:
5266:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5246:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5226:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5208:
5204:
5200:
5196:
5192:
5188:
5181:
5179:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5150:
5146:
5142:
5138:
5134:
5127:
5118:
5113:
5109:
5105:
5101:
5097:
5093:
5086:
5084:
5082:
5080:
5078:
5061:
5056:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5040:
5036:
5032:
5028:
5021:
5019:
5017:
5015:
5013:
5011:
5009:
5007:
4997:
4992:
4988:
4984:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4965:
4963:
4961:
4959:
4957:
4955:
4935:
4931:
4927:
4920:
4913:
4911:
4909:
4907:
4905:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4877:
4873:
4869:
4865:
4861:
4857:
4853:
4846:
4839:
4837:
4835:
4815:
4809:
4807:
4798:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4782:
4778:
4771:
4769:
4767:
4765:
4763:
4761:
4759:
4743:
4739:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4719:
4712:
4710:
4708:
4706:
4704:
4702:
4700:
4698:
4696:
4694:
4684:
4679:
4675:
4671:
4667:
4663:
4659:
4652:
4646:, p. 27.
4645:
4640:
4638:
4618:
4614:
4607:
4600:
4594:, p. 10.
4593:
4588:
4581:
4576:
4569:
4564:
4557:
4552:
4550:
4533:
4529:
4523:
4507:
4503:
4497:
4495:
4493:
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4487:
4485:
4483:
4481:
4479:
4477:
4475:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4440:
4433:
4431:
4429:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4421:
4419:
4417:
4415:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4399:
4394:
4392:
4390:
4388:
4386:
4384:
4368:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4350:
4346:
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4334:
4330:
4326:
4319:
4317:
4315:
4313:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4301:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4293:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4283:
4281:
4279:
4277:
4265:
4258:
4256:
4254:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4246:
4229:
4222:
4216:
4214:
4212:
4195:
4188:
4182:
4180:
4178:
4176:
4159:
4155:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4122:
4115:
4109:
4107:
4105:
4103:
4086:
4082:
4076:
4074:
4072:
4070:
4068:
4051:
4044:
4038:
4036:
4019:
4012:
4006:
4004:
3988:. BBC Weather
3987:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3956:
3952:
3946:
3944:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3931:
3918:
3915:According to
3912:
3906:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3881:
3879:
3874:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3826:
3815:
3808:
3806:
3802:
3798:
3792:
3790:
3786:
3781:
3779:
3773:
3771:
3770:socioeconomic
3761:
3756:
3746:
3744:
3740:
3734:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3689:
3683:
3681:
3677:
3676:Latin America
3673:
3669:
3665:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3647:North America
3644:
3643:Tornado Alley
3640:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3622:
3612:
3610:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3585:
3580:
3576:
3567:
3565:
3564:leptospirosis
3560:
3556:
3552:
3542:
3537:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3510:
3502:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3479:La Casualidad
3475:
3471:
3467:
3460:Precipitation
3457:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3416:
3411:
3396:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3347:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3278:
3277:precipitation
3273:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3203:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3133:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3063:
3019:
3014:
3009:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2951:247.5 (9.74)
2950:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2892:101.4 (3.99)
2891:
2889:122.1 (4.81)
2888:
2886:170.1 (6.70)
2885:
2883:130.1 (5.12)
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2818:
2816:104.3 (4.11)
2815:
2812:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2789:102.3 (4.03)
2788:
2785:
2782:
2774:
2772:154.6 (6.09)
2771:
2769:112.2 (4.42)
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2745:112.1 (4.41)
2744:
2741:
2739:126.3 (4.97)
2738:
2730:
2728:118.9 (4.68)
2727:
2725:117.3 (4.62)
2724:
2722:127.2 (5.01)
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2704:119.0 (4.69)
2703:
2701:140.1 (5.52)
2700:
2698:127.1 (5.00)
2697:
2695:138.8 (5.46)
2694:
2692:Buenos Aires
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2598:
2596:110.1 (4.33)
2595:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2563:119.5 (4.70)
2562:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2518:
2510:
2508:179.9 (7.08)
2507:
2505:181.0 (7.13)
2504:
2502:226.0 (8.90)
2501:
2499:145.1 (5.71)
2498:
2495:
2493:103.3 (4.07)
2492:
2490:139.8 (5.50)
2489:
2487:138.2 (5.44)
2486:
2484:193.8 (7.63)
2483:
2481:144.1 (5.67)
2480:
2478:154.9 (6.10)
2477:
2475:167.2 (6.58)
2474:
2466:
2464:163.4 (6.43)
2463:
2461:166.5 (6.56)
2460:
2458:142.0 (5.59)
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2440:175.0 (6.89)
2439:
2437:144.8 (5.70)
2436:
2434:128.7 (5.07)
2433:
2431:165.7 (6.52)
2430:
2422:
2420:114.2 (4.50)
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2390:100.6 (3.96)
2389:
2387:134.8 (5.31)
2386:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2334:
2331:
2328:
2325:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2290:
2288:145.6 (5.73)
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2261:110.6 (4.35)
2260:
2258:154.2 (6.07)
2257:
2255:192.6 (7.58)
2254:
2240:
2231:
2222:
2213:
2204:
2195:
2186:
2177:
2168:
2159:
2150:
2141:
2132:
2129:
2125:
2116:
2110:Precipitation
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1800:Buenos Aires
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1761:
1758:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1698:18.9 (66.0))
1697:
1695:14.7 (58.5))
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1618:
1615:
1613:24.2 (75.6))
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1538:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1486:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1348:
1339:
1330:
1321:
1312:
1303:
1294:
1285:
1276:
1267:
1258:
1249:
1240:
1237:
1233:
1227:
1217:
1215:
1210:
1201:
1192:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1164:
1161:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1144:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1102:
1097:
1088:
1085:
1080:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1029:
1020:
1017:
1014:The Zonda, a
1012:
1008:
1004:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
977:
968:
966:
962:
958:
954:
949:
944:
941:
937:
933:
927:
925:
921:
917:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
889:
884:
877:
873:
868:
859:
857:
851:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
824:
819:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
768:
759:
750:
748:
743:
739:
734:
732:
728:
724:
720:
714:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
674:
672:
668:
662:
659:
655:
651:
647:
646:Mediterranean
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
614:
613:Arid Diagonal
604:
595:
586:
577:
568:
559:
550:
541:
531:
526:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
492:
490:
480:
476:
474:
470:
462:
457:
450:
445:
436:
434:
428:
425:
421:
416:
410:
402:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
373:
371:
367:
366:Pacific Ocean
362:
357:
349:
340:
332:
330:
324:
322:
315:
310:
301:
298:
294:
290:
286:
281:
279:
271:during summer
270:
266:
262:
253:
251:
250:Arid Diagonal
245:
243:
239:
235:
229:
225:
221:
217:
208:
206:
202:
197:
195:
187:during winter
186:
182:
173:
165:
163:
159:
155:
151:
146:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
115:
111:
106:
104:
100:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
62:microclimates
58:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
31:
24:
20:
16:
10916:Dependencies
10849:
10692:Architecture
10659:Prostitution
10647:Demographics
10520:Central Bank
10419:Human rights
10392:Constitution
10305:
10249:World War II
10143:(in Spanish)
10128:(in Spanish)
10120:(in Spanish)
10112:(in Spanish)
10077:(in Spanish)
10069:(in Spanish)
10054:(in Spanish)
10039:(in Spanish)
10024:(in Spanish)
10016:(in Spanish)
10008:(in Spanish)
9984:
9976:
9968:
9960:
9952:
9944:
9936:
9920:
9898:
9875:
9855:
9830:. Springer.
9827:
9798:
9777:
9755:
9734:
9713:
9692:
9627:
9610:. Springer.
9603:
9581:
9562:
9542:
9519:
9495:
9467:
9440:
9423:. Springer.
9419:
9402:. Springer.
9398:
9388:
9361:
9333:
9312:
9292:
9268:
9245:. Retrieved
9234:
9222:. Retrieved
9218:the original
9208:
9196:. Retrieved
9189:the original
9184:
9157:. Retrieved
9150:the original
9106:. Retrieved
9099:the original
9073:25 September
9071:. Retrieved
9066:
9057:
9030:
9026:
8967:
8942:20 September
8940:. Retrieved
8936:the original
8925:
8915:19 September
8913:. Retrieved
8883:
8856:19 September
8854:. Retrieved
8823:19 September
8821:. Retrieved
8817:the original
8793:12 September
8791:. Retrieved
8768:12 September
8766:. Retrieved
8726:
8722:
8685:, p. 2.
8661:. Retrieved
8657:
8630:. Retrieved
8623:the original
8609:
8597:. Retrieved
8593:the original
8583:
8571:. Retrieved
8567:the original
8540:
8528:
8501:. Retrieved
8445:
8441:
8416:
8404:. Retrieved
8402:. World Bank
8399:
8370:
8358:
8346:
8334:. Retrieved
8294:. Retrieved
8284:
8272:. Retrieved
8268:
8258:
8246:. Retrieved
8239:the original
8226:
8219:De Fina 1992
8199:. Retrieved
8189:
8177:. Retrieved
8170:the original
8138:. Retrieved
8113:. Retrieved
8106:the original
8078:. Retrieved
8074:the original
8049:. Retrieved
8038:
8026:. Retrieved
8022:the original
8012:
8000:. Retrieved
7996:the original
7986:
7974:. Retrieved
7970:the original
7945:. Retrieved
7864:. Retrieved
7839:. Retrieved
7832:the original
7827:
7797:
7785:
7773:
7744:. Retrieved
7739:
7727:
7715:
7671:
7659:
7632:
7628:
7574:
7570:
7560:
7533:
7529:
7519:
7512:Krishna 2015
7480:. Retrieved
7444:Fittkau 1969
7429:Doering 2002
7386:. Retrieved
7379:the original
7366:
7354:. Retrieved
7350:the original
7340:
7313:
7309:
7299:
7287:. Retrieved
7278:
7271:
7259:. Retrieved
7246:
7239:
7227:. Retrieved
7199:
7195:
7182:
7170:. Retrieved
7168:(in Spanish)
7157:
7145:. Retrieved
7100:
7096:
7042:
7038:
7011:. Retrieved
7006:
7002:
6974:. Retrieved
6970:the original
6945:. Retrieved
6916:. Retrieved
6885:. Retrieved
6871:
6859:. Retrieved
6855:the original
6830:
6818:. Retrieved
6787:. Retrieved
6773:
6746:. Retrieved
6732:
6720:. Retrieved
6700:
6696:
6669:. Retrieved
6638:
6626:. Retrieved
6622:
6618:
6587:. Retrieved
6580:the original
6575:
6571:
6539:. Retrieved
6526:
6514:. Retrieved
6512:(in Spanish)
6501:
6489:. Retrieved
6485:the original
6481:"Gran Chaco"
6475:
6463:. Retrieved
6456:the original
6426:. Retrieved
6419:the original
6390:. Retrieved
6388:(in Spanish)
6377:
6365:. Retrieved
6363:(in Spanish)
6360:
6336:. Retrieved
6329:the original
6306:Fittkau 1969
6278:. Retrieved
6274:the original
6247:. Retrieved
6245:. Met Office
6213:. Retrieved
6186:. Retrieved
6182:the original
6155:. Retrieved
6151:the original
6124:. Retrieved
6086:. Retrieved
6079:the original
6031:. Retrieved
6022:
6000:. Retrieved
5996:the original
5947:
5935:. Retrieved
5931:the original
5911:, p. 4.
5887:. Retrieved
5880:the original
5816:
5812:
5802:
5775:. Retrieved
5770:
5744:. Retrieved
5740:the original
5730:
5718:. Retrieved
5714:the original
5704:
5692:. Retrieved
5652:. Retrieved
5621:. Retrieved
5611:
5599:. Retrieved
5574:. Retrieved
5533:. Retrieved
5523:
5513:28 September
5511:. Retrieved
5501:
5489:. Retrieved
5484:
5444:. Retrieved
5439:
5426:
5416:28 September
5414:. Retrieved
5404:
5394:28 September
5392:. Retrieved
5367:. Retrieved
5363:the original
5353:
5341:. Retrieved
5334:the original
5305:
5301:
5252:
5248:
5190:
5186:
5168:11336/147368
5140:
5136:
5126:
5099:
5095:
5064:. Retrieved
5060:11336/113570
5034:
5030:
4978:
4974:
4941:. Retrieved
4934:the original
4929:
4925:
4891:. Retrieved
4855:
4851:
4821:. Retrieved
4780:
4776:
4745:. Retrieved
4725:
4721:
4668:(1): 63–77.
4665:
4661:
4651:
4624:. Retrieved
4617:the original
4612:
4599:
4587:
4582:, p. 5.
4575:
4570:, p. 4.
4563:
4556:Siedler 2013
4536:. Retrieved
4532:the original
4522:
4510:. Retrieved
4506:the original
4461:. Retrieved
4454:the original
4449:
4445:
4398:Manzini 2008
4370:. Retrieved
4332:
4328:
4232:. Retrieved
4227:
4198:. Retrieved
4193:
4162:. Retrieved
4157:
4125:. Retrieved
4120:
4089:. Retrieved
4085:the original
4054:. Retrieved
4049:
4022:. Retrieved
4017:
3990:. Retrieved
3959:. Retrieved
3954:
3911:
3901:
3805:Buenos Aires
3793:
3782:
3774:
3766:
3736:
3721:Salado Basin
3700:
3684:
3672:Fujita scale
3626:
3624:
3589:
3573:
3547:
3508:
3499:
3463:
3442:
3426:
3279:mm (inches)
2992:50.7 (2.00)
2989:41.3 (1.63)
2986:36.1 (1.42)
2983:34.5 (1.36)
2980:36.0 (1.42)
2977:40.1 (1.58)
2974:56.4 (2.22)
2971:47.6 (1.87)
2968:55.9 (2.20)
2965:46.8 (1.84)
2962:42.1 (1.66)
2959:49.6 (1.95)
2948:10.1 (0.40)
2945:14.5 (0.57)
2942:16.4 (0.65)
2939:20.1 (0.79)
2936:20.1 (0.79)
2933:23.4 (0.92)
2930:35.9 (1.41)
2927:37.4 (1.47)
2924:25.4 (1.00)
2921:18.2 (0.72)
2918:14.4 (0.57)
2915:11.6 (0.46)
2904:23.4 (0.92)
2901:29.3 (1.15)
2898:49.4 (1.94)
2895:56.5 (2.22)
2880:58.9 (2.32)
2877:35.2 (1.39)
2874:15.3 (0.60)
2871:10.0 (0.39)
2860:92.8 (3.65)
2857:81.3 (3.20)
2854:89.3 (3.52)
2851:57.3 (2.26)
2848:55.9 (2.20)
2845:55.7 (2.19)
2842:57.4 (2.26)
2839:66.4 (2.61)
2836:85.5 (3.37)
2833:96.7 (3.81)
2830:93.9 (3.70)
2827:94.9 (3.74)
2813:81.7 (3.22)
2810:74.7 (2.94)
2807:50.9 (2.00)
2804:28.1 (1.11)
2801:21.5 (0.85)
2798:15.5 (0.61)
2795:32.9 (1.30)
2792:58.0 (2.28)
2786:81.0 (3.19)
2783:94.6 (3.72)
2766:69.8 (2.75)
2763:35.2 (1.39)
2757:13.3 (0.52)
2751:18.8 (0.74)
2748:61.3 (2.41)
2742:97.0 (3.82)
2719:72.0 (2.83)
2716:64.2 (2.53)
2713:60.6 (2.39)
2710:58.8 (2.31)
2707:92.3 (3.63)
2684:1.2 (0.047)
2681:10.9 (0.43)
2678:18.1 (0.71)
2675:16.6 (0.65)
2672:47.9 (1.89)
2669:49.6 (1.95)
2666:64.9 (2.56)
2663:68.5 (2.70)
2660:10.5 (0.41)
2640:29.6 (1.17)
2637:22.3 (0.88)
2634:19.6 (0.77)
2631:23.9 (0.94)
2628:30.1 (1.19)
2625:34.1 (1.34)
2622:38.7 (1.52)
2619:26.9 (1.06)
2616:22.9 (0.90)
2613:33.5 (1.32)
2610:26.4 (1.04)
2607:25.0 (0.98)
2593:80.4 (3.17)
2590:40.5 (1.59)
2587:24.3 (0.96)
2581:11.2 (0.44)
2575:19.8 (0.78)
2572:41.4 (1.63)
2569:98.9 (3.89)
2566:97.5 (3.84)
2555:90.7 (3.57)
2552:11.6 (0.46)
2534:1.6 (0.063)
2525:11.2 (0.44)
2522:18.9 (0.74)
2519:15.7 (0.62)
2496:93.9 (3.70)
2455:90.8 (3.57)
2452:44.2 (1.74)
2449:47.5 (1.87)
2446:68.9 (2.71)
2443:99.3 (3.91)
2417:66.7 (2.63)
2414:44.7 (1.76)
2411:12.3 (0.48)
2408:2.0 (0.079)
2399:17.2 (0.68)
2396:35.9 (1.41)
2393:91.1 (3.59)
2376:65.0 (2.56)
2373:35.9 (1.41)
2370:17.6 (0.69)
2352:29.3 (1.15)
2349:65.0 (2.56)
2346:73.6 (2.90)
2343:96.3 (3.79)
2332:71.9 (2.83)
2329:27.3 (1.07)
2326:16.0 (0.63)
2320:1.4 (0.055)
2314:0.5 (0.020)
2311:1.0 (0.039)
2305:55.9 (2.20)
2302:68.4 (2.69)
2299:97.5 (3.84)
2285:62.2 (2.45)
2282:25.1 (0.99)
2270:1.5 (0.059)
2264:33.0 (1.30)
2246:
2242:
2123:
2059:13.0 (55.4)
2056:18.2 (64.8)
2053:15.9 (60.6)
2050:13.0 (55.4)
2047:10.1 (50.2)
2032:13.1 (55.6)
2029:16.3 (61.3)
2026:18.8 (65.8)
2023:19.7 (67.5)
2012:13.5 (56.3)
2009:10.8 (51.4)
1985:11.9 (53.4)
1982:14.8 (58.6)
1979:15.0 (59.0)
1971:13.9 (57.0)
1968:18.5 (65.3)
1965:15.9 (60.6)
1962:13.3 (55.9)
1959:10.4 (50.7)
1947:11.2 (52.2)
1944:14.5 (58.1)
1941:18.2 (64.8)
1938:19.8 (67.6)
1935:20.4 (68.7)
1927:15.5 (59.9)
1924:22.5 (72.5)
1921:19.4 (66.9)
1918:15.9 (60.6)
1915:12.1 (53.8)
1903:11.0 (51.8)
1900:14.9 (58.8)
1897:19.5 (67.1)
1894:22.1 (71.8)
1891:23.6 (74.5)
1883:18.2 (64.8)
1880:23.7 (74.7)
1877:21.8 (71.2)
1874:19.5 (67.1)
1871:15.7 (60.3)
1868:13.3 (55.9)
1865:10.8 (51.4)
1862:11.4 (52.5)
1859:14.5 (58.1)
1856:18.0 (64.4)
1853:21.7 (71.1)
1850:23.1 (73.6)
1847:24.3 (75.7)
1839:17.9 (64.2)
1836:23.3 (73.9)
1833:20.7 (69.3)
1830:17.8 (64.0)
1827:14.6 (58.3)
1824:12.8 (55.0)
1821:11.0 (51.8)
1818:11.7 (53.1)
1815:14.5 (58.1)
1812:17.9 (64.2)
1809:21.9 (71.4)
1806:23.6 (74.5)
1803:24.9 (76.8)
1792:13.1 (55.6)
1789:10.1 (50.2)
1777:−0.1 (31.8)
1765:11.7 (53.1)
1762:13.8 (56.8)
1759:14.2 (57.6)
1751:11.9 (53.4)
1748:19.0 (66.2)
1745:16.0 (60.8)
1742:12.6 (54.7)
1724:11.3 (52.3)
1721:16.2 (61.2)
1718:18.7 (65.7)
1715:20.0 (68.0)
1707:17.4 (63.3)
1704:23.8 (74.8)
1701:21.6 (70.9)
1692:11.9 (53.4)
1686:10.0 (50.0)
1683:12.9 (55.2)
1680:16.6 (61.9)
1677:20.8 (69.4)
1674:23.2 (73.8)
1671:24.4 (75.9)
1663:17.8 (64.0)
1660:26.3 (79.3)
1657:23.4 (74.1)
1654:19.8 (67.6)
1651:14.4 (57.9)
1648:10.6 (51.1)
1639:12.2 (54.0)
1636:17.2 (63.0)
1633:22.8 (73.0)
1630:25.5 (77.9)
1627:27.1 (80.8)
1619:21.8 (71.2)
1616:26.3 (79.3)
1610:22.3 (72.1)
1607:19.2 (66.6)
1604:17.9 (64.2)
1601:16.1 (61.0)
1598:16.5 (61.7)
1595:18.3 (64.9)
1592:21.9 (71.4)
1589:25.1 (77.2)
1586:26.2 (79.2)
1583:27.0 (80.6)
1575:22.3 (72.1)
1572:26.7 (80.1)
1569:24.7 (76.5)
1566:23.0 (73.4)
1563:19.8 (67.6)
1560:18.1 (64.6)
1557:16.3 (61.3)
1554:17.0 (62.6)
1551:18.9 (66.0)
1548:22.5 (72.5)
1545:25.7 (78.3)
1542:26.8 (80.2)
1539:27.6 (81.7)
1531:20.4 (68.7)
1528:26.5 (79.7)
1525:24.8 (76.6)
1522:22.7 (72.9)
1519:18.5 (65.3)
1516:15.3 (59.5)
1513:12.2 (54.0)
1510:12.7 (54.9)
1507:16.1 (61.0)
1504:19.8 (67.6)
1501:23.8 (74.8)
1498:25.5 (77.9)
1495:26.7 (80.1)
1487:20.2 (68.4)
1484:27.4 (81.3)
1481:25.5 (77.9)
1478:22.9 (73.2)
1475:17.9 (64.2)
1472:14.2 (57.6)
1469:10.8 (51.4)
1466:11.4 (52.5)
1463:15.1 (59.2)
1460:19.7 (67.5)
1457:23.9 (75.0)
1454:25.8 (78.4)
1451:27.2 (81.0)
1440:13.4 (56.1)
1437:12.8 (55.0)
1434:11.7 (53.1)
1416:10.9 (51.6)
1413:12.4 (54.3)
1410:12.5 (54.5)
1407:12.8 (55.0)
1399:16.7 (62.1)
1396:21.5 (70.7)
1393:20.5 (68.9)
1390:19.1 (66.4)
1387:15.1 (59.2)
1384:12.7 (54.9)
1381:10.1 (50.2)
1378:10.6 (51.1)
1375:13.1 (55.6)
1372:16.6 (61.9)
1369:19.5 (67.1)
1366:20.3 (68.5)
1363:21.4 (70.5)
1354:
1350:
1231:
1206:
1165:
1156:
1152:Subpolar Low
1148:anticyclones
1136:
1106:
1084:cyclogenesis
1081:
1077:
1073:flash floods
1062:
1052:
1034:
1013:
1009:
1005:
982:
945:
928:
919:
915:
911:
907:
893:
876:thick jungle
852:
820:
803:
799:
764:
735:
715:
702:
680:
663:
636:(Cfb), warm
622:subantarctic
609:
576:Humid Pampas
549:Chaco Region
509:Indian Ocean
498:
486:
477:
466:
429:
420:ageostrophic
411:
407:
374:
358:
354:
338:
325:
318:
282:
274:
265:Thunderstorm
246:
232:
228:Buenos Aires
222:in bloom at
205:humid Pampas
198:
190:
171:
147:
127:storm surges
107:
59:
38:
36:
15:
10622:Immigration
10509:Agriculture
10434:Transgender
10316:Environment
10311:Earthquakes
10214:Viceroyalty
10209:Governorate
9358:Rabassa, J.
9259:Works cited
8909:11336/68858
8698:Goudie 2013
8663:9 September
8632:4 September
8599:13 February
8573:13 February
8503:13 February
8406:9 September
8336:8 September
8115:20 November
7778:Morris 1990
7766:Suttie 2005
7720:Suttie 2005
7691:Suttie 2005
7676:Veblen 2007
7664:Veblen 2007
7461:Blouet 2010
7120:11336/32034
7103:: 560–567.
7068:11336/68178
6835:Oncken 2006
6643:Oncken 2006
6209:"Sudestada"
5767:"Argentina"
3986:"Argentina"
3892:. However,
3609:air quality
3592:dust storms
3474:Lago Tromen
2780:Santa Rosa
2760:8.9 (0.35)
2754:4.5 (0.18)
2657:4.2 (0.17)
2654:5.8 (0.23)
2651:4.9 (0.19)
2584:8.6 (0.34)
2578:5.7 (0.22)
2549:7.0 (0.28)
2546:3.6 (0.14)
2543:5.6 (0.22)
2540:3.2 (0.13)
2537:3.5 (0.14)
2531:4.4 (0.17)
2528:4.4 (0.17)
2405:3.0 (0.12)
2402:6.6 (0.26)
2367:9.4 (0.37)
2364:4.2 (0.17)
2361:3.8 (0.15)
2358:2.9 (0.11)
2355:9.0 (0.35)
2323:3.5 (0.14)
2308:8.2 (0.32)
2279:7.6 (0.30)
2276:3.8 (0.15)
2273:3.9 (0.15)
2267:8.0 (0.31)
2103:5.9 (42.6)
2100:8.8 (47.8)
2097:7.7 (45.9)
2094:6.3 (43.3)
2091:4.2 (39.6)
2088:2.9 (37.2)
2085:2.4 (36.3)
2082:1.7 (35.1)
2079:3.8 (38.8)
2076:6.0 (42.8)
2073:8.0 (46.4)
2070:9.5 (49.1)
2067:9.7 (49.5)
2044:7.9 (46.2)
2041:6.6 (43.9)
2038:6.9 (44.4)
2035:9.6 (49.3)
2015:8.3 (46.9)
2006:8.0 (46.4)
2003:5.1 (41.2)
2000:3.0 (37.4)
1997:2.1 (35.8)
1994:2.8 (37.0)
1991:4.9 (40.8)
1988:7.9 (46.2)
1956:8.8 (47.8)
1953:7.5 (45.5)
1950:8.4 (47.1)
1912:9.5 (49.1)
1909:7.2 (45.0)
1906:7.9 (46.2)
1888:Santa Rosa
1795:7.4 (45.3)
1786:6.6 (43.9)
1783:4.0 (39.2)
1780:1.2 (34.2)
1774:0.9 (33.6)
1771:4.2 (39.6)
1768:8.4 (47.1)
1739:8.2 (46.8)
1736:5.5 (41.9)
1733:3.6 (38.5)
1730:4.6 (40.3)
1727:7.1 (44.8)
1689:9.4 (48.9)
1645:7.7 (45.9)
1642:8.3 (46.9)
1443:9.8 (49.6)
1431:9.3 (48.7)
1428:6.7 (44.1)
1425:4.1 (39.4)
1422:4.4 (39.9)
1419:6.9 (44.4)
1220:Temperature
1139:rain shadow
985:Cuyo region
816:homogeneous
683:Mesopotamia
677:Mesopotamia
618:subtropical
611:north. The
558:Mesopotamia
459:Impacts of
447:Impacts of
295:and all of
291:, northern
90:Cuyo region
70:Mesopotamia
10955:Categories
10752:Television
10727:Newspapers
10712:Literature
10617:Healthcare
10602:Corruption
10550:(currency)
10412:ministries
10407:Government
10224:Civil Wars
9696:. Spring.
8533:Boken 2005
8448:(1): 1–5.
8296:3 February
8179:23 October
8002:13 January
7841:22 January
7746:28 October
7412:Araus 2015
6367:7 February
6338:8 February
5952:Moore 1948
5795:Rubio 2018
5694:5 November
5654:10 October
5623:10 October
5601:10 October
5576:10 October
5216:10355/2373
4644:Rubio 2018
4592:Moore 1948
4358:11336/7386
3927:References
3739:snowstorms
3731:See also:
3659:supercells
3631:Entre Ríos
3619:See also:
3596:salt flats
3522:See also:
3466:Lago Frías
3408:See also:
3006:See also:
2868:Bariloche
2296:La Quiaca
1976:Bariloche
1404:La Quiaca
1224:See also:
1195:Statistics
1189:wind chill
1120:Santa Cruz
1101:Flag trees
1069:convective
1043:, eastern
1016:Foehn wind
961:Zonda wind
856:cold waves
844:understory
840:xerophytic
836:mesophytic
738:heat waves
695:Corrientes
691:Entre Ríos
603:Antarctica
585:Dry Pampas
463:by region.
451:by region.
329:dry season
312:Autumn in
220:Jacarandas
135:cold waves
131:heat waves
119:topography
114:geomorphic
110:geographic
10905:Venezuela
10850:Argentina
10627:Languages
10612:Education
10576:Transport
10466:President
10397:Elections
10341:Mountains
10289:Geography
10259:Dirty War
10179:Argentina
9681:ignored (
9671:cite book
9663:128577375
9604:The Andes
9247:21 August
9224:21 August
9198:27 August
9159:21 August
9108:20 August
9004:Isla 2009
8989:Isla 2009
8972:Isla 2009
8960:Isla 2009
8683:Pewe 1981
8545:Vogt 2010
8521:Vogt 2010
8201:10 August
7224:128568839
5909:USDA 1968
5843:1027-5606
5746:21 August
5535:8 October
5529:"La Niña"
5507:"El Niño"
5491:9 October
5446:9 October
5330:128568839
5225:120366935
4626:14 August
4512:13 August
4463:11 August
4372:28 August
4367:130819014
4091:28 August
3680:Caribbean
3446:Sarmiento
3433:Rivadavia
2604:Malargüe
2560:San Luis
2516:San Juan
2340:La Rioja
1712:Malargüe
1668:San Luis
1624:San Juan
1448:La Rioja
1172:isotherms
1128:Patagonia
1116:Río Negro
1091:Patagonia
957:Antarctic
910:), arid (
898:, Jujuy,
896:Catamarca
888:Altiplano
870:Owing to
862:Northwest
727:sudestada
638:semi-arid
594:Patagonia
540:Northwest
314:Bariloche
99:latitudes
94:tornadoes
51:Patagonia
47:Argentina
10895:Suriname
10885:Paraguay
10870:Colombia
10787:Category
10732:Painting
10664:Religion
10566:Taxation
10451:Military
10424:Intersex
10375:Politics
10254:Peronism
10183:articles
10136:Archived
10062:Archived
10047:Archived
9765:77356786
8497:Archived
8472:17370508
8051:23 April
8028:23 March
7947:18 March
7866:23 April
7601:73647974
6887:1 August
6789:1 August
6748:1 August
5359:"Viento"
5037:: 1–17.
4888:54578278
3961:8 August
3902:de facto
3888:and the
3811:See also
3778:glaciers
3772:losses.
3692:updrafts
3678:and the
3639:La Pampa
3635:Santa Fe
3559:Paraguay
3495:flooding
3487:La Plata
3404:Extremes
3393:Source:
3275:Average
2956:Ushuaia
2736:Córdoba
2472:Posadas
2428:Formosa
2317:0.0 (0)
2130:Location
2064:Ushuaia
1844:Córdoba
1580:Posadas
1536:Formosa
1238:Location
997:San Luis
993:San Juan
900:La Rioja
828:savannas
812:tropical
687:Misiones
278:maritime
201:Littoral
154:glaciers
103:snowfall
66:droughts
10900:Uruguay
10875:Ecuador
10855:Bolivia
10771:Outline
10702:Cuisine
10684:Culture
10590:Society
10571:Tourism
10514:Banking
10497:Economy
10351:Regions
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10191:History
9929:4440863
9633:Bibcode
9572:3455870
9360:(ed.).
9035:Bibcode
8888:Bibcode
8731:Bibcode
8463:2725828
8274:4 April
8080:19 June
7976:26 June
7637:Bibcode
7579:Bibcode
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7318:Bibcode
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7261:23 June
7229:23 June
7204:Bibcode
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7147:17 June
7047:Bibcode
7013:31 July
6976:11 June
6947:18 June
6918:31 July
6861:31 July
6820:31 July
6722:27 July
6705:Bibcode
6671:27 July
6628:26 July
6589:26 July
6541:24 July
6516:23 July
6491:23 July
6465:23 July
6428:10 July
6215:11 June
6126:28 June
6088:29 June
6033:30 June
6002:29 June
5889:23 July
5821:Bibcode
5369:4 April
5343:17 June
5310:Bibcode
5257:Bibcode
5195:Bibcode
5145:Bibcode
5104:Bibcode
5039:Bibcode
4983:Bibcode
4860:Bibcode
4823:23 July
4785:Bibcode
4730:Bibcode
4670:Bibcode
4337:Bibcode
3708:Uruguay
3696:Mendoza
3666:struck
3664:tornado
3604:topsoil
3584:Córdoba
3489:at the
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3270:(46.9)
3265:(56.1)
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3170:(46.4)
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1112:Neuquén
1053:Cfa/Cfb
989:Mendoza
965:diurnal
940:Pacific
832:marshes
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731:Spanish
640:(BSh),
634:oceanic
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449:El Niño
240:are in
168:Seasons
162:country
160:in the
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10880:Guyana
10860:Brazil
10792:Portal
10747:Sports
10697:Cinema
10642:People
10356:Rivers
10301:Cities
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4200:8 July
4164:8 July
4127:8 July
4056:8 July
4024:8 July
3992:7 June
3655:Brazil
3555:Parana
3534:, and
3518:Floods
3339:(2.6)
3334:(2.3)
3329:(2.0)
3324:(1.3)
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2252:Salta
2244:Annual
1360:Salta
1352:Annual
1122:, and
1108:Chubut
1023:Pampas
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924:alpine
848:shrubs
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769:, and
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650:tundra
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256:Summer
234:Spring
211:Spring
176:Winter
86:Pampas
10865:Chile
10778:Index
10742:Radio
10717:Music
10707:Humor
10674:Women
10632:LGBT+
10607:Crime
10548:Peso
10331:Flora
10326:Fauna
9659:S2CID
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9586:(PDF)
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9356:. In
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4943:8 May
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4884:S2CID
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4457:(PDF)
4442:(PDF)
4363:S2CID
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4190:(PDF)
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3869:Notes
3598:that
3388:73.7
3060:Year
767:Chaco
753:Chaco
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242:bloom
238:flora
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10890:Peru
10471:list
10429:LGBT
9925:OCLC
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9297:ISBN
9274:ISBN
9249:2015
9226:2015
9200:2015
9161:2015
9110:2015
9075:2015
8944:2015
8917:2015
8858:2015
8825:2015
8795:2015
8770:2015
8665:2015
8634:2021
8601:2019
8575:2019
8505:2019
8468:PMID
8408:2015
8338:2015
8298:2022
8276:2013
8250:2015
8203:2016
8181:2018
8142:2015
8117:2016
8082:2015
8053:2016
8030:2017
8004:2019
7978:2015
7949:2018
7868:2016
7843:2021
7748:2015
7484:2015
7390:2016
7358:2015
7291:2015
7263:2015
7231:2015
7174:2015
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6978:2015
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6920:2015
6889:2015
6863:2015
6822:2015
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6750:2015
6724:2015
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6630:2015
6591:2015
6543:2015
6518:2015
6493:2015
6467:2015
6430:2015
6394:2015
6369:2016
6340:2016
6282:2015
6251:2015
6217:2015
6190:2015
6159:2015
6128:2015
6090:2015
6035:2015
6004:2015
5939:2016
5891:2015
5839:ISSN
5779:2015
5748:2015
5722:2016
5696:2021
5656:2016
5625:2016
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5578:2016
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5371:2016
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4058:2015
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3994:2015
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3051:Oct
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3045:Aug
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3039:Jun
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3033:Apr
3030:Mar
3027:Feb
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2208:Sept
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983:The
971:Cuyo
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