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357:. She continued to subdue spirits and help those in need. At the age of 24, Chen Jinggu became pregnant, but she continued to help the people through rain or drought. A drought hit north Fujian, so she used her Taoist powers to create rain, but eventually sacrificed her fetus and herself to save the people and vanquish an evil snake demon. She was honoured as a deity by the people and was bestowed the honorary title Linshui, the goddess who protects the fetus and pregnant women (順產助生護胎佑民女神).
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province, where monkey gods were worshipped long before the novel was published. This included the three Monkey Saints of Lin Shui Palace, who were once fiends who were subdued by the goddess Chen Jinggu. The three were Dan Xia Da Sheng (丹霞大聖), the Red Face Monkey Sage, Tong Tian Da Sheng (通天大聖), the
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and the woman's role in society. They note that Chen Jinggu initially eschewed the traditional role of women. First, she refused an arranged marriage. Moreover, rather than giving birth to her child, she chose instead to sacrifice her fetus in order to save her country. Scholars also analyze the book
380:
In the novel, Chen Jinggu refused an arranged marriage and ran away from home to study Daoism and shamanism in Lushan. After returning home, she married and became pregnant. But she had to confront a white demon snake and save her home, the Min
Kingdom, from drought. She cast a spell to make it rain,
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Guanyin then disappeared, but she let some of her blood from her finger flow down the river. A woman named Ge Furen (葛妇人 Lady Ge), whose husband was from the Chen family, then drank some of
Guanyin's blood from the water and became pregnant, giving birth to Chen Jinggu. Later Chen Jinggu would fight
376:
The novel "Chen Jinggu pacifies Demons" or "The Lady of
Linshui pacifies Demons" (Linshui pingyao 临水平妖) was written in the 17th century around the Ming-Qing period. However, some date the book even earlier, to the 15th century. The tale is based on Chen Jinggu, who was born during the Tang, and the
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Chen's title, Linshui (臨水 near the water's edge), could be related to how
Guanyin stood near the water before being hit by silver, ultimately leading to the births of Chen Jinggu and the white snake. It could also symbolize Chen Jinggu's status as a goddess of the sea, with the coastal province of
367:
Chen Jinggu, Lin
Jiuniang, and Li Sanniang were sworn sisters (義結金蘭 Yijie Jinlan). Chen Jinggu was the head and was called Danai Furen (大奶夫人) or Chen Nai Furen (陳奶夫人). Lin Jiuniang was called Lin Nai Furen (林奶夫人) or Lin Ernai (林二奶 second lady Lin). Li Sanniang was called Li Nai Furen (李奶夫人) or Li
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433:, the people needed money to build a bridge. Guanyin turned into an attractive lady and said she would marry any man who could hit her with silver. Many tried, and Guanyin was able to accumulate a lot of silver ingots through this process. Eventually one of the
297:, South China, and across East and Southeast Asia. The legend of Chen Jinggu originated in Fuzhou prefecture. She was also a Taoist priestess of the Lushan School (閭山派). She was virtuous and was worshipped as a goddess after her death. She was acquainted in
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The story continues with how Chen Jinggu grew up, studied at Lüshan, and eventually saved
Northern Fujian from drought while defeating the white demon snake, but at the cost of sacrificing her own child. It is said that she died of either
641:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
395:
The story was translated into French by
Brigitte Baptandier and published in 1988 under the title "La Dame-du-bord-de-l'eau". Later, in 2008, it was translated into English with the help of Baptandier in a book published by
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ceremony for young people. It is held in front of Chen Jinggu's shrine, as it is believed in the region that Madame Chen protects children while they are growing up, so the event is in thanksgiving for her
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347:) with Lin Jiuniang and Li Sanniang to study under Xu Xun (许逊). But even at Lushan, Chen learned all about Taoism except the traditional female roles of maternity, pregnancy, etc.
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385:) and hide it so it would not be harmed by the spell. However, the demon snake ate the fetus, but Chen Jinggu battled and defeated the demon snake, thereby saving the kingdom.
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are two goddesses that are revered in
Southern China. Chen is usually in charge of the domestic or family realm whereas Mazu is in charge of state affairs.
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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The name
Linshui Furen (臨水夫人) has been translated as "Lady at the Water's Edge" or sometimes "Water-margin Lady" as Linshui means "near the water".
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In Fujian, the Chen Jinggu festival is held as a 3-day festival. Chen Jinggu is said to have more than 120 million worshippers around the world.
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in terms of the challenges that women may face when trying to become leaders in society, or in Chen Jinggu's case, becoming a Daoist leader.
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1305:. Translated, edited, and with an introduction by Fan Pen Li Chen. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. 2017. pp. 30-31.
1709:"Study on Belief in Goddess Chen Jinggu in Longxian Village of Qingtian County--《Journal of Wenzhou University(Social Sciences)》2012年01期"
1758:"Taking 'Wandering Gods' to the movies – a colourful folk tradition observed by many in southeastern China brings Spring Festival alive"
1685:"A Comparative Study on Mazu and the Lady Linshui: Goddess of Home Affairs and National Affairs--《Journal of Putian University》2013年01期"
1733:"Goddess Worship of She Ethnic Group——An investigation focused on Fujian and Zhejiang Province--《Journal of Lishui University》2012年06期"
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992:
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A Brief
History Of The Immortals Of Non Hindu Civilizations : [In Association with Aryavart Sanatan Vahini Dharmraj]
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During Chinese New Year, people in Fujian traditionally invite Chen to watch Chinese opera, but Chen also watches movies instead.
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have a tradition of placing gifts in front of Chen Jinggu's shrine in order to pray for the birth of their children (擺嬭).
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After the birth of a child, the fangli nanny (房裡奶) incense table is enshrined in the bedroom for praying to Chen Jinggu.
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Guanyin's hair then floated away and became a female white demon snake. The snake would seduce men and kill other women.
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Foley, Kathy (2019). "Journey of A Goddess: Chen Jinggu Subdues the Snake Demon transed. by Fan Pen Li Chen (review)".
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Chinese Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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Chen Jinggu was born Chen Jing (陳靖) and was called Chen Jinggu (陈靖姑). She was born in Xiadu (下渡), Fuzhou, nowadays
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Fujian bordering the ocean. It could also refer to how Chen summoned rainwater to cure a drought in north Fujian.
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Marshall, Alison R. (2009). "The Lady of Linshui: A Chinese Female Cult by Brigitte Baptandier (review)".
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995:[The Vulgar Culture Consciousness of the Charactor Jinggu Chen in the Folklore of Min Capital].
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Chao, Shin-yi (September 2009). "The Lady of Linshui: A Chinese Female Cult - By Brigitte Baptandier".
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Sannai (李三奶 third lady Li). Chen, Lin, and Li are sometimes referred to as the "Three Ladies".
343:. When young, Chen Jinggu went to the Lushan school (or Mount Lü, said to be located in modern
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1661:"13th Straits Forum-Chen Jinggu cultural festival held in Fujian's Ningde - Xinhua Silk Road"
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Shunyi furen (順懿夫人), the Lady of Good Virtue, which is said to have been bestowed during the
1637:"Xinhua Silk Road: 13th Straits Forum-Chen Jinggu cultural festival held in Fujian's Ningde"
1124:"Two scenes from biography of the lady ('goddess Chen Jinggu'): A religious marionette play"
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has many ancestral temples dedicated to her as well. Today, she is revered as a Taoist and
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Black Face Monkey Sage, and Shuang Shuang San Sheng (爽爽三聖), the White Face Monkey Sage.
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As for the merchant, he later reincarnated as Liu Qi (劉杞) and would marry Chen Jinggu.
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of women, children, and pregnancy, and is believed by her worshippers to be a former
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Chen Jinggu was also given the title of saint (聖誕 for example 正月十四：臨水夫人陳靖姑大奶夫人聖誕).
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In Taiwan, there is a children's festival involving Ox horns (牛角做出幼) which is a
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Baptandier, Brigitte (2017). "The Lady Linshui: How a Woman Became a Goddess".
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Liu, Yonghua (2009). "Review of The Lady of Linshui: A Chinese Female Cult".
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After finishing her studies, she returned home and married Liu Qi (劉杞) from
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The Sinitic encounter in Southeast China through the first millennium CE
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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She was also given the title "Just Lady" around 1250 during the Song
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priestess. She is also known as Lady Linshui (臨水夫人 Linshui furen).
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Lo, Vivienne (January 1993). "The Legend of the Lady of Linshui".
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Yuan, Lijun (2009). "The Lady of Linshui: A Chinese Female Cult".
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Festivals and parades celebrating Chen Jinggu are held in Taiwan.
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The Lady of Linshui Pacifies Demons: A Seventeenth-Century Novel
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Lost Bodies: Prostitution and Masculinity in Chinese Fiction
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Huang Zhongzhao, Ming dynasty, Bamin Tongzhi (明代黃仲昭《八閩通志》載)
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It is said that one of the goddesses (懿德夫人 Madame Yide) of
1284:. Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press. 2016. pp. 97-98.
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Journey of a Goddess: Chen Jinggu Subdues the Snake Demon
485:, may have been influenced by the local folk religion of
481:(Sun Wukong), a main character of the 16th century novel
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Scholars have analyzed the book based on the reversal of
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Defending Maiden Chen (陈靖姑) where 姑 is as in 姑娘 guniang
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and Shenhe that is partly based on Chen Jinggu's story
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Chen Jinggu with Lin Jiuniang and Li Sannai in Luyuan
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Chen Shi Si Nainai (陳十四娘娘) or Fourteenth Damsel Chen
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388:It is noted that Chen Jinggu essentially performed
307:has more than 130 temples dedicated to Chen, and
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1503:"馬祖日報2016/10/01影音／牛角做出幼成年禮 學生著漢服行過關儀式 - YouTube"
568:Chen Jinggu is also worshipped as a goddess in
1184:. University of Washington Press. 2021-01-06.
659:accompanying your translation by providing an
625:Click for important translation instructions.
612:expand this section with text translated from
16:Chinese goddess and Confucian and Daoist deity
520:She is also sometimes called the "Goddess of
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1128:Journal of the Oriental Society of Australia
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323:The goddess is also nicknamed Madam Chen.
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377:legend of Chen was told during the Song.
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695:Chen Jinggu has many shrines located in
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930:Shri Bhagavatananda Guru (2015-10-27).
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1122:Chen, Fan Pen Li (1 January 2019).
473:Chen Jinggu and three Monkey Saints
13:
1608:"陳靖姑金身在桃園、臺中、彰化、嘉義開展繞境巡游 眾多信眾前來朝拜"
1578:"福建省寧德市古田縣臨水宮順天聖母陳靖姑五年一度來台遶境 吸引萬眾"
1418:
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1222:10.1111/j.1748-0922.2009.01373_2.x
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777:List of women warriors in folklore
14:
1849:
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784:, slayer of eight-headed serpent
1823:Deities in Chinese folk religion
1474:"連江縣政府文化處 > 文化情報站 | 連江縣政府文化處"
1240:Asian Journal of Women's Studies
812:The Divine Damsel of Devastation
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1588:from the original on 2020-03-01
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860:Zamperini, Paola (2010-06-28).
449:and kill the white demon snake.
392:on herself to save her people.
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1372:"馬祖日報-牛角做出幼成年禮9/8登場 精彩活動熱鬧一整天"
1323:"齊天大聖vs.丹霞大聖 @台灣多奇廟 - 探路客 部落格"
1252:10.1080/12259276.2009.11666064
1047:
1001:Journal of Minjiang University
940:
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808:, another Chinese folk heroine
669:You may also add the template
575:Chen is also a goddess of the
364:is a disciple of Chen Jinggu.
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83:
1:
947:Baptandier, Brigitte (2008).
832:
768:(heroic archetype in fiction)
1448:Journal of Chinese Religions
1421:Journal of Chinese Religions
793:, opponent of Dragon Prince
583:), an ethnic group of China.
7:
1779:Pregadio, Fabrizio (2008).
759:
403:
10:
1854:
1828:Women in Chinese mythology
1781:The encyclopedia of Taoism
1433:10.1179/073776993805307493
633:Machine translation, like
590:
572:via migration from Fujian.
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371:
326:
274:) is a Chinese protective
18:
1756:Yan, Alice (2023-02-11).
1031:10.1515/9780824865429-005
727:Fuzhou Chen Jinggu temple
614:the corresponding article
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398:Stanford University Press
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1762:South China Morning Post
1210:Religious Studies Review
477:The inspiration for the
465:from the self-abortion.
78:Traditional Chinese
1584:(in Chinese (Taiwan)).
1158:10.1086/tcj.62.20648172
991:Yang, Shi-rong (2006).
680:For more guidance, see
318:
94:Simplified Chinese
1614:(in Chinese (China)).
1606:洪媛媛、姚劍平 (2019-11-07).
1527:"說「擺嬭」——以牛角、福澳、西莒村俗為例"
1348:"◤旺旺到◢正月十四 臨水娘娘誕辰|中國報"
671:{{Translated|zh|臨水夫人}}
301:or spirit channeling.
1783:. London: Routledge.
1376:www.matsu-news.gov.tw
1329:(in Chinese (Taiwan))
993:"《闽都别记》中陈靖姑形象的俗文化意识)"
957:10.1515/9781503620575
901:10.1353/atj.2019.0040
889:Asian Theatre Journal
828:, similar Ainu legend
682:Knowledge:Translation
653:copyright attribution
1396:"陈十四娘娘信俗-传统文化-炎黄风俗网"
1025:. pp. 105–149.
1003:] (in Chinese).
1246:(1): 145–150, 155.
949:The Lady of Linshui
849:. 30 December 2010.
483:Journey to the West
258:traditional Chinese
1641:www.prnewswire.com
1576:孫麗菁 (2019-11-04).
1478:www.matsucc.gov.tw
1400:www.fengsuwang.com
661:interlanguage link
545:The people of the
532:Cultural influence
341:Later Tang dynasty
250:simplified Chinese
1808:Chinese goddesses
1665:en.imsilkroad.com
1456:Project MUSE
1290:978-0-8248-5160-6
1191:978-0-295-74836-8
1150:The China Journal
1040:978-0-8248-6542-9
966:978-1-5036-2057-5
913:Project MUSE
873:978-90-474-4408-4
847:"~宜蘭羅東爐源寺〔三奶夫人〕~"
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285:Chen Jinggu is a
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146:ㄌㄧㄣˊ ㄕㄨㄟˇ ㄈㄨ ㄖㄣˊ
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161:Romanization
126:Hanyu Pinyin
65:(爐源寺 羅東) of
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21:Chinese name
1773:Works cited
1612:《福建網絡廣播電視台》
1023:Unruly Gods
542:protection.
479:Monkey King
459:miscarriage
271:Chén Jìnggū
213:Eastern Min
39:Chen Jinggu
25:family name
1802:Categories
1742:2022-01-30
1718:2022-01-30
1694:2022-01-30
1670:2022-01-30
1646:2022-01-30
1622:2020-03-01
1592:2020-03-01
1562:2022-01-30
1537:2018-03-24
1512:2020-07-27
1488:2020-07-27
1405:2020-07-27
1381:2020-07-27
1357:2020-07-27
1333:2021-03-24
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1108:2022-01-30
1084:, p.
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833:References
818:involving
616:in Chinese
581:Han people
577:She people
463:hemorrhage
439:Lü Dongbin
299:mediumship
1268:197720325
1260:218768977
975:165469753
909:208625681
866:. BRILL.
806:Hua Mulan
675:talk page
579:(and the
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313:Confucian
1616:Archived
1586:Archived
1264:ProQuest
1166:20648172
760:See also
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570:Zhejiang
427:Quanzhou
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390:abortion
140:Bopomofo
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372:Stories
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327:History
315:deity.
276:goddess
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