1273:
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2014:
697:), "The semianchoritic character of the Therapeutae community, the renunciation of property, the solitude during the six days of the week and the gathering together on Saturday for the common prayer and the common meal, the severe fasting, the keeping alive of the memory of God, the continuous prayer, the meditation and study of Holy Scripture were also practices of the Christian anchorites of the Alexandrian desert."—C. B. Scouteris,
448:
397:), cenobitic monks lived together in monasteries comprising one or a complex of several buildings. In the latter case, each dwelling would house about twenty monks, and within the house there were separate rooms or cells that would be inhabited by two or three monks. To early generations of historians, the style of housing maintained by cenobitic monks was attributed to the man usually hailed the "father of cenobitic monasticism,"
438:
claims that
Pachomius was given the idea to start a cenobitic monastery from an angel. Though this is an explanation of his reasoning for initiating the cenobitic tradition, there are sources that indicate there were already other communal monastic groups around at that time and possibly before him.
341:
For this reason, organized monastic communities were established so that monks could have more support in their spiritual struggle. While eremitic monks did have an element of socializing, since they would meet once a week to pray together, cenobitic monks came together for common prayer on a more
49:
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In both the East and the West, cenobiticism established itself as the primary form of monasticism, with many foundations being richly endowed by rulers and nobles. The excessive acquisition of wealth and property led to several attempts at reform, such as
1646:
424:
cenobitic monasticism", as he was the first monk to take smaller communal groups that often already existed and bring them together into a federation of monasteries. He continued this work until his death in 347 at
338:. This form of solitary living, however, did not suit everyone. Some monks found the eremitic style to be too lonely and difficult; and if one was not spiritually prepared, the life could lead to mental breakdowns.
362:
built a church for the villagers of the nearby town of the same name even "before they constructed one for themselves." This means that cenobitic monks did find themselves in contact with other people, including
283:, an allegorical method of interpreting scripture. Only on the Sabbath would the Therapeutae meet, share their learning, eat a common, albeit simple, meal of bread and spring water, and listen to a lecture on the
1221:
1849:
698:
304:, identified Philo's Therapeutae as the first Christian monks, identifying their renunciation of property, chastity, fasting, and solitary lives with the cenobitic ideal of the Christian monks.
1759:
459:
Besides the monasteries that joined
Pachomius' federation of cenobitic monasteries, there were both Christian and non-Christian cenobitic groups who decided not to join him, such as the
1901:
1658:
1448:
481:, were the "pioneers of communal asceticism in Egypt," rather than Pachomius. Mani himself was influenced to begin cenobitic monasticism from other groups, including
470:
Before
Pachomius had begun organizing monastic communities, the Melitians as a group were already recruiting members. They were a heretical Christian sect founded by
381:
Cenobitic monks were also different from their eremitic predecessors and counterparts in their living arrangements. Whereas eremitic monks (hermits) lived alone in a
1870:
1075:
1804:
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1526:
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439:
Three of the nine monasteries that joined
Pachomius' federation "clearly had an independent origin", meaning he was not the first to have such an idea.
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1911:
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405:, as the style was "reminiscent of army barracks." While this impression may have been to some extent mythologized by the bishop and historian
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Though
Pachomius is often credited as the "father of cenobitic monasticism," it is more accurate to think of him as the "father of
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1061:
1531:
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1948:
1342:
1009:
Goehring, James E. "Withdrawing from the Desert: Pachomius and the development of
Village Monasticism in Upper Egypt."
727:
James E. Goehring, "Withdrawing from the Desert: Pachomius and the development of
Village Monasticism in Upper Egypt,"
694:
1976:
1959:
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1860:
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232:, who founded a commune not just for philosophical study but also for the "amicable sharing of worldly goods."
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The cenobitic monastic idea did not end with these early groups, and inspired future groups and individuals:
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474:. They "heard of Pachomius' monastic aspirations and tried to recruit him" to join their community.
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they hoped to dream visions informed by their studies. Members of the community composed books of
271:. Members of the community lived apart from one another during six days of the week, studying the
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2309:
1726:
1478:
1209:
1119:
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367:, whereas the eremitic monks tried to keep to themselves, only meeting for prayer occasionally.
318:
The organized version of
Christian cenobitic monasticism is commonly thought to have started in
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2190:
1390:
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in 483, which is considered the mother of all monasteries of the
Eastern Orthodox churches.
406:
295:
291:, was accorded a festival of learning and singing, which climaxed in an egalitarian dance.
98:
2029:
8:
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204:. Cenobitic monasticism appears in several religious traditions, though most commonly in
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2110:
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2018:
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699:"The Therapeutae of Philo, and the Monks as Therapeutae according to Pseudo-Dionysius"
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where they lived were often located in or near inhabited villages. For example, the
264:
81:
tradition that stresses community life. Often in the West the community belongs to a
42:
2526:
2271:
2227:
2205:
2132:
2060:
1922:
1684:
1647:
Congregation of the
Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary
870:
591:
548:
335:
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given by one of the venerable members of the community. Every seventh Sabbath, or
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1916:
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1185:
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993:
957:
950:
The Sabaite Heritage in the Orthodox Church from the Fifth Century to the Present
838:
767:
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517:
516:(c. 350), and from this monastery the cenobitic tradition spread in Mesopotamia,
434:
398:
82:
1222:
Monastic Family of Bethlehem, of the Assumption of the Virgin and of Saint Bruno
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in Switzerland, providing for all of the monks' needs within the monastery walls
342:
regular basis. The cenobitic monks also practised more socializing because the
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2222:
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2127:
2006:
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Congregation of the Franciscan Hospitaller Sisters of the Immaculate Conception
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121:
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The Emergence of Monasticism: From the Desert Fathers to the Early Middle Ages
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260:
86:
1850:
Sisters of Charity of Saints Bartolomea Capitanio and Vincenza Gerosa (SCCG)
200:(obsolete). A group of monks living in community is often referred to as a
1573:
1490:
1301:
1261:
1137:
1131:
947:
Hannick, C., "Hymnographie et hymnographes sabaïtes," in Patrich, J., ed.,
882:
272:
209:
2173:
1036:
Desert Christians - An Introduction to the Literature of Early Monasticism
896:
Desert Christians - An Introduction to the Literature of Early Monasticism
322:
in the 4th century AD. Christian monks of previous centuries were usually
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2002:
1809:
1555:
1191:
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327:
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987:
Ascetics, Society, and the Desert : Studies in Egyptian monasticism
855:
Ascetics, Society, and the Desert : Studies in Egyptian monasticism
2217:
1366:
1325:
1307:
1149:
1143:
878:
594:, prompted by the spectre of the damnation of the Good Doctor of Paris
505:
402:
225:
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2483:
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1982:
1255:
830:, September 1998. Internet Medieval Sourcebook. 15 February 2007 <
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566:
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460:
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Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Mother of God
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during the daytime and eating during the evening, whereafter on the
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2261:
2013:
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588:
monasticism in general, and of the order of Benedict in particular.
482:
410:
347:
205:
94:
1020:. September 1998. Internet Medieval Sourcebook. 30 March 2007 <
925:"Basilian | Byzantine Rite Monasticism & History | Britannica"
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1454:
521:
509:
359:
331:
280:
276:
985:
Attridge, H. W., & Hata, G. "The Origins of Monasticism" in
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2471:
2409:
2334:
2281:
2085:
1902:
Sisters of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary
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323:
1016:
Halsall, Paul. "Chapter XXXII: Pachomius and Tabennesiots" in
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Paul Halsall, "Chapter XXXII: Pachomius and Tabennesiots" in
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https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/palladius-lausiac.asp
832:
https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/palladius-lausiac.asp
751:
Dunn, M., "Chapter 2: The Development of Communal Life" in
714:, 3rd edition, (Toronto: Pearson Education Limited, 2001),
426:
390:
191:
48:
429:, a monastic center that he had founded ten years before.
386:
1045:. 3rd edition. Toronto: Pearson Education Limited, 2001.
551:
would go on to become the standard monastic rule in the
547:(c. 364) after witnessing the Egyptian monasteries. The
330:; this continued to be very common until the decline of
30:"Cenobium" redirects here. For the colony of algae, see
1041:
Lawrence, C. H. "Chapter 1: The Call of the Desert" in
857:, (Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International, 1999),
710:
C. H. Lawrence, "Chapter 1: The Call of the Desert" in
85:, and the life of the cenobitic monk is regulated by a
37:"Cenobite" redirects here. For the fictional race, see
1805:
Order of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary
989:. Harrisburg, PA: Trinity Press International, 1999.
1527:
Missionaries of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary
1174:
Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary
185:
1766:Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary
853:, & Hata, G., "The Origins of Monasticism" in
477:Some scholars believe the Manichaeans, founded by
97:. A third form of monasticism, found primarily in
1912:Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary
1083:
2584:
1929:Sisters of Providence of Saint Mary-of-the-Woods
1816:Poor Clare Missionaries of the Blessed Sacrament
742:Goehring, "Withdrawing from the Desert," p. 282.
1777:Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
875:The Monastic Origins of the Nag Hammadi Codices
672:
89:, a collection of precepts. The older style of
27:Monastic tradition that stresses community life
1670:Daughters of Mary of the Immaculate Conception
492:
2045:
1069:
1034:Harmless, William. "Chapter 5: Pachomius" in
898:. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004),
442:
417:came to exist around the early 4th century.
259:community of men and women on the shores of
1892:Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary
1793:Oblate Sisters of the Virgin Mary of Fatima
1409:Franciscan Missionaries of the Eternal Word
165:
137:
2052:
2038:
1497:Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus
1076:
1062:
1038:. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
800:(London & New York: Routledge, 2001),
358:states that the monks of the monastery of
224:was initially applied to the followers of
917:
910:
908:
1966:Society of the Helpers of the Holy Souls
1954:Sisters of St Joseph of the Sacred Heart
1373:Congregation of Saint Thérèse of Lisieux
894:Harmless, W., "Chapter 5: Pachomius" in
446:
307:
47:
1907:Sisters of the Immaculate Heart of Mary
753:The Emergence of Monasticism: From the
14:
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1855:Sisters of Christian Doctrine of Nancy
1822:Religious of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
1772:Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart
1702:Handmaids of the Sacred Heart of Jesus
960:, Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 98 (
905:
2598:Catholic orders and societies by type
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1361:Congregation of the Blessed Sacrament
1057:
235:
59:, the founder of Christian cenobitic
1897:Sisters of the Immaculate Conception
1887:Sisters of the Holy Family-Louisiana
1722:Little Sisters Disciples of the Lamb
1717:Institute of the Blessed Virgin Mary
1509:Missionaries of St. Francis de Sales
1449:Marians of the Immaculate Conception
1332:Canons Regular of Saint John Cantius
1216:Missionaries of St. Charles Borromeo
1675:Daughters of the Holy Heart of Mary
598:, founded a monastery just outside
24:
1949:The Sisters of St. Joseph of Peace
1574:Rogationists of the Heart of Jesus
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798:Mystics of the Christian Tradition
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25:
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1977:Servants of the Blessed Sacrament
1653:Carmelite Sisters of Saint Teresa
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294:The 3rd-century Christian writer
93:, to live as a hermit, is called
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2172:
2012:
1861:Sisters of the Cross and Passion
1840:Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament
1521:Missionaries of the Sacred Heart
1403:Franciscan Friars of the Renewal
1168:Congregation of Our Lady of Sion
659:: Health Research Books, 1958),
413:-like desert dwellings known as
1960:Sisters of St. Paul of Chartres
1697:Handmaids of the Heart of Jesus
1544:Oblates of St. Francis de Sales
1349:Congregatio Discipulorum Domini
1198:Institute of the Incarnate Word
941:
888:
864:
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820:
807:
543:founded a monastery at Annesi,
1620:Adorers of the Blood of Christ
1597:Sons of the Most Holy Redeemer
1018:Palladius: The Lausiac History
828:Palladius: The Lausiac History
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777:
745:
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180:). The adjective can also be
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1:
1712:Holy Spirit Adoration Sisters
1320:Brothers of Our Lady of Mercy
1085:Catholic religious institutes
979:
653:Pythagoras, the Immortal Sage
584:(529), which was the seed of
245:
41:. For the hip-hop album, see
2552:List of religious institutes
1871:Sisters of the Good Shepherd
1828:Religious of the Virgin Mary
1799:Order of Our Lady of Charity
1783:Oblate Sisters of Providence
1680:Faithful Companions of Jesus
1461:Society of Mary (Marianists)
1276:Coat of arms of Vatican City
192:
154:
126:
7:
1934:Sisters of the Sacred Heart
1788:Oblates of Jesus the Priest
1737:Living the Gospel Community
677:(On the Contemplative Life)
618:
561:organized the monks of the
493:Later cenobitic communities
356:The Life of Saint Pachomius
10:
2624:
1732:Little Sisters of the Poor
1637:Basilian Chouerite Sisters
1591:Servants of Jesus and Mary
1538:Oblates of the Virgin Mary
1532:Oblates of Mary Immaculate
1503:Missionaries of La Salette
1473:Society of the Divine Word
1455:Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
1343:Christian Brothers (Irish)
1011:Harvard Theological Review
730:Harvard Theological Review
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132:
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1997:
1971:Sisters of Social Service
1882:Sisters of the Holy Cross
1632:Basilian Aleppian Sisters
1612:
1467:Society of Mary (Marists)
1283:
1269:
1091:
576:founded the monastery of
443:Melitians and Manichaeans
1939:Sisters of Saint Francis
1866:Sisters of the Destitute
1748:Marianites of Holy Cross
1743:Lovers of the Holy Cross
1665:Daughters of Divine Love
1515:Missionaries of the Poor
1444:Little Brothers of Jesus
1355:Immaculate Heart of Mary
1245:Society of the Atonement
693:, University of Athens (
635:
565:in a monastery close to
1944:Sisters of Saint Joseph
1727:Little Sisters of Jesus
1479:Society of Saint Edmund
1210:Missionaries of Charity
553:Eastern Orthodox Church
504:founded a monastery on
451:The ground plan of the
385:consisting of merely a
240:In the 1st century AD,
2572:Catholicism portal
2542:Vocational discernment
2532:Foolishness for Christ
2019:Catholicism portal
1834:Servants of St. Joseph
1397:Discalced Augustinians
1379:Conventual Franciscans
1277:
1114:Augustinian Recollects
675:De vita contemplativa
592:St. Bruno of Carthusia
456:
301:Ecclesiastical History
63:
32:Coenobium (morphology)
2608:Christian terminology
2603:Christian monasteries
1877:Sisters of Holy Cross
1580:Sacred Heart Brothers
1550:Order of Friars Minor
1438:Legionaries of Christ
1275:
885:, 2015), pp. 234–262.
673:Philo of Alexandria.
485:and Jewish-Christian
472:Melitius of Lycopolis
453:monastery of St. Gall
450:
377:Pachomian monasteries
314:Christian monasticism
308:Christian monasticism
298:(c. 263–339), in his
51:
39:Cenobite (Hellraiser)
2315:Liturgy of the Hours
2191:Evangelical counsels
1391:De La Salle Brothers
1180:Discalced Carmelites
1043:Medieval Monasticism
1004:Blackwell Publishers
873:, & Jenott, L.,
712:Medieval Monasticism
609:Bernard of Clairvaux
602:in the 11th century.
407:Palladius of Galatia
334:Christianity in the
326:, especially in the
296:Eusebius of Caesarea
99:Eastern Christianity
2091:Religious institute
1233:Servants of Charity
1126:Basilian Chouerites
267:which he calls the
263:in the vicinity of
242:Philo of Alexandria
57:Pachomius the Great
2081:Consecrated virgin
1845:Sisters of Charity
1426:Holy Ghost Fathers
1297:Albertine Brothers
1278:
1227:Premonstratensians
1120:Basilian Aleppians
1027:2014-08-14 at the
1013:89(1996): 267–285.
966:Peeters Publishers
956:2017-01-09 at the
929:www.britannica.com
837:2014-08-14 at the
733:89 (1996), p. 275.
574:Benedict of Nursia
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236:Judaic monasticism
108:The English words
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2353:Clerical clothing
2159:Secular institute
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1754:Maryknoll Sisters
1691:Filippini Sisters
1603:Xaverian Brothers
1262:Trinitarian Order
759:Early Middle Ages
541:Basil of Caesarea
352:Dionysius Exiguus
265:Alexandria, Egypt
253: 50 AD
249: 25 BC
116:are derived, via
43:Cenobites (album)
16:(Redirected from
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2007:Catholic laity
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1050:External links
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312:Main article:
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257:Jewish ascetic
255:) describes a
237:
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87:religious rule
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2138:Second orders
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2121:Idiorrhythmic
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2015:
2010:
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1989:White Sisters
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1568:Redemptorists
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1239:Servite Order
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1000:Malden, Mass.
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796:Fanning, S.,
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623:
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616:
615:in the East.
614:
613:Nilus of Sora
610:
601:
597:
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587:
583:
579:
578:Monte Cassino
575:
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261:Lake Mareotis
258:
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156:
128:
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76:
72:
68:
62:
58:
54:
50:
44:
40:
33:
19:
2426:Grand master
2105:
2003:Third orders
1491:Mechitarists
1302:Augustinians
1204:Mercedarians
1138:Bridgettines
1132:Benedictines
1042:
1035:
1017:
1010:
994:
986:
949:
943:
932:. Retrieved
928:
919:
895:
890:
883:Mohr Siebeck
874:
871:Lundhaug, H.
866:
854:
846:
827:
822:
809:
797:
792:
779:
752:
747:
738:
728:
723:
711:
706:
686:
678:
674:
668:
652:
644:
605:
496:
476:
469:
458:
433:
431:
421:
419:
414:
380:
355:
340:
317:
299:
293:
289:High Sabbath
273:Hebrew Bible
239:
221:
219:
210:Christianity
201:
197:
181:
113:
109:
107:
74:
70:
66:
65:
2506:Lay brother
2292:Scriptorium
1810:Poor Clares
1556:Passionists
1415:Gabrielites
1192:Franciscans
1162:Cistercians
1156:Carthusians
970:pp. 217–228
657:Pomeroy, WA
514:Mesopotamia
465:Manichaeans
432:Palladius'
409:, communal
350:version of
344:monasteries
328:Middle East
269:Therapeutae
193:koinoviakos
187:κοινοβιακός
120:, from the
91:monasticism
75:monasticism
61:monasticism
53:Coptic icon
2593:Asceticism
2587:Categories
2527:Asceticism
2401:Provincial
2325:Meditation
2218:Solemn vow
2213:Profession
2133:Mendicants
2001:See also:
1642:Brigidines
1432:Josephites
1420:Holy Cross
1381:(OFM Conv)
1367:Claretians
1326:Camillians
1308:Barnabites
1186:Dominicans
1150:Carmelites
1144:Canossians
980:References
934:2024-03-03
879:Heidelberg
764:Malden, MA
506:Mount Izla
403:Roman army
375:See also:
365:lay people
251: – c.
226:Pythagoras
71:coenobitic
2499:Postulant
2477:Anchorite
2330:Mysticism
2287:Refectory
2277:Hermitage
2238:Monastery
2206:Obedience
2106:Cenobitic
1983:Ursulines
1685:Felicians
1585:Salesians
1339:(OFM Cap)
1337:Capuchins
1314:Basilians
1256:Trappists
968:, 2001),
770:, 2000),
768:Blackwell
625:Hermitage
596:Cenodoxus
567:Bethlehem
502:Mar Awgin
487:Elkasites
483:Buddhists
461:Melitians
422:organized
383:monastery
222:cenobites
220:The word
198:cœnobitic
114:cenobitic
101:, is the
67:Cenobitic
18:Cenobitic
2451:Basilian
2419:Prioress
2391:Superior
2373:Vestment
2368:Scapular
2363:Cornette
2262:Cloister
2201:Chastity
2116:Enclosed
2101:Monastic
1385:Crosiers
1229:(OPraem)
1206:(O de M)
1103:Alexians
1025:Archived
954:Archived
914:Dunn, 25
835:Archived
619:See also
559:Mar Saba
411:barracks
348:Bohairic
206:Buddhism
202:cenobium
182:cenobiac
110:cenobite
95:eremitic
79:monastic
2537:Tonsure
2436:Brother
2396:General
2383:Members
2267:Convent
2196:Poverty
2111:Chapter
2063:in the
1564:(OSPPE)
1164:(OCist)
1158:(OCart)
1152:(OCarm)
1006:, 2000.
757:to the
526:Georgia
522:Armenia
510:Nisibis
415:cenobia
360:Tabenna
332:Aramean
324:hermits
281:midrash
277:Sabbath
216:Origins
169:
152:), and
141:
2511:Porter
2494:Oblate
2489:Master
2484:Novice
2472:Hermit
2460:Sister
2431:Rector
2410:Abbess
2335:Rosary
2302:Prayer
2282:Priory
2272:Double
2096:Orders
2086:Hermit
1824:(RSCJ)
1801:(ODNC)
1795:(OMVF)
1762:(SMIC)
1687:(CSSF)
1661:(FHIC)
1655:(CSST)
1649:(CSIC)
1613:Female
1599:(FSSR)
1570:(CSsR)
1546:(OSFS)
1511:(MSFS)
1499:(MCCI)
1428:(CSSp)
1411:(MFVA)
1357:(CICM)
1264:(OSST)
1258:(OCSO)
1176:(SSCC)
1146:(FDCC)
1140:(OSsS)
1096:female
962:Leuven
900:p. 118
813:Dunn,
783:Dunn,
701:, 2012
695:source
545:Pontus
518:Persia
508:above
147:common
133:κοινός
127:koinos
124:words
2520:Other
2441:Friar
2415:Prior
2406:Abbot
2345:Habit
2252:Abbey
2073:Types
1985:(OSU)
1979:(SSS)
1973:(sss)
1962:(SPC)
1956:(RSJ)
1925:(RSM)
1873:(RGS)
1836:(SSJ)
1830:(RVM)
1812:(OSC)
1779:(MSC)
1768:(ICM)
1750:(MSC)
1739:(LGC)
1693:(MPF)
1622:(ASC)
1605:(CFX)
1593:(SJM)
1587:(SDB)
1576:(RCJ)
1552:(OFM)
1540:(OMV)
1534:(OMI)
1523:(MSC)
1517:(MOP)
1493:(CAM)
1487:(FMS)
1481:(SSE)
1475:(SVD)
1451:(MIC)
1434:(SSJ)
1422:(CSC)
1405:(CFR)
1399:(OAD)
1393:(FSC)
1387:(OSC)
1375:(CST)
1369:(CMF)
1363:(SSS)
1351:(CDD)
1345:(CFC)
1322:(FDM)
1316:(CSB)
1304:(OSA)
1293:(CRM)
1241:(OSM)
1200:(IVE)
1194:(OFM)
1182:(OCD)
1170:(NDS)
1134:(OSB)
1116:(OAR)
1031:>.
859:p. 28
841:>.
815:p. 26
802:p. 28
785:p. 29
772:p. 30
661:p. 25
636:Notes
630:Lavra
600:Paris
582:Italy
534:China
530:India
320:Egypt
285:Torah
196:) or
122:Greek
118:Latin
103:skete
77:is a
2446:Monk
2358:Coif
2320:Mass
2243:List
2183:Vows
1919:(SV)
1857:(DC)
1818:(MC)
1756:(MM)
1628:(AC)
1558:(CP)
1505:(MS)
1469:(SM)
1463:(SM)
1457:(SJ)
1440:(LC)
1328:(MI)
1284:Male
1247:(SA)
1235:(SC)
1218:(CS)
1212:(MC)
1188:(OP)
1128:(BC)
1122:(BA)
1110:(AA)
1092:Male
716:p. 7
572:St.
539:St.
532:and
479:Mani
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