321:
602:
Moreover, the
Filipino and American soldiers arriving at Camp O'Donnell were in poor physical condition and had survived on short rations for several months. Many were suffering from malaria and other diseases. The Japanese had made little provision for the treatment of prisoners and were surprised at the large number that they captured. They had believed the force opposing them in Bataan was much smaller and that the prisoners would number only about 10,000, rather than the 70,000 or more who were actually captured. The Japanese were unprepared to provide the POWs with adequate food, shelter, and medical treatment. Japanese military leadership was inattentive to the POWs and were preoccupied with completing their conquest of the Philippines. Moreover, the Japanese declined to treat the POWs in accordance with the
338:
49:
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710:. He pleaded not guilty towards the charges in contributing to the death of 1,461 American military personnel incarcerated in Camp O'Donnell. On November 21, 1947, he was found guilty and sentenced to death. His sentence was later reduced to life imprisonment and hard labor. He was later transferred to the Philippines to face the
598:
the country and ultimately to Japan and other countries. From
September 1942 to January 1943, Japan paroled the Filipino POWs. They signed an oath not to become guerrillas, and the mayors of their home towns were made responsible for their conduct as parolees. Japan closed Camp O'Donnell as a POW camp on January 20, 1943.
640:
The consequences of the hardships were thousands of POW deaths. Filipino deaths were much higher in numbers and percentages; as many as 20,000 Filipinos died. For the
Americans, the deadliest period was the end of May with more than 40 soldiers dying each day. The number of Americans who died at Camp
593:
arrived at Camp O'Donnell on April 11, 1942, and were welcomed by the Camp
Commandant, Capt. Yoshio Tsuneyoshi. The Japanese military leadership was ill-prepared to handle the incarceration of almost 70,000 Prisoners of War, and did not have the logistics or facilities prepared at the camp to support
597:
The
Filipinos and Americans were housed in separate sections of the camp. There was a constant movement in and out of the camp as the Japanese transferred prisoners to other locations on work details. In June, most of the American POWs were sent to other POW camps or to work sites scattered around
601:
The POWs at Camp O'Donnell died in large numbers for a number of reasons. Japanese soldiers rarely surrendered and held those who did in contempt. The
Japanese soldier was the product of a brutal military system in which physical punishment was common and so they treated the POWs accordingly.
620:
Conditions at Camp O'Donnell were primitive. The POWs lived in bamboo huts, sleeping on the bamboo floor often without any covering. There was no plumbing; water was scarce. Weakened by malaria, dysentery was rampant. Medicine was in short supply. Food consisted of rice and vegetable soup,
750:. Operating Location Delta (OL-D) of the 1961st Communications Group was also located at Camp O'Donnell. OL-D provided communications support to Camp O'Donnell, the Crow Valley Range Complex, worldwide high-frequency military transmitters and microwave relay support
825:
The number of prisoners-of-war at Camp O'Donnell is variously estimated and in the case of the
Filipinos is little more than a guess. The number of Americans dying at the camp has been calculated with some precision, but the number of Filipino deaths is only an
641:
O'Donnell is not precisely known; 1,547 American deaths were recorded, about one sixth of the total number of
American POWs, but the camp's American adjutant, Capt. John E. Olson, estimated that some 20–30 more were unrecorded.
895:
1373:
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1427:
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such influx of population. Aside from the limited barracks to house the POWs, the facilities lacked a proper hospital facility, water system, sewer system, and dining facilities.
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of approximately 145 kilometres (90 mi) to arrive at Camp O'Donnell. Many soldiers died during the march and the survivors arrived at the camp in extremely poor condition.
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on April 9, 1942. The
Japanese took approximately 70,000 prisoners: 60,000 Filipinos and 9,000 Americans. The prisoners were forced to undertake the
370:
714:, pled guilty of the charges for the death of 21,000 Filipino POWs, and was sentenced to life imprisonment on July 19, 1949. On July 4, 1953, Pres.
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866:
1125:
1721:
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919:
Beckenbaugh, Lisa and Harris, Heather, "Casualties of the
Philippines POW Camps O'Donnell and Cabanatuan and the history of their burials,"
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761:
which was built and is maintained by the Philippine government as a memorial to the Filipino and American soldiers who died there. A huge
1731:
1228:
770:
250:. About 60,000 Filipino and 9,000 Americans were housed at the camp. During the few months in 1942 that Camp O'Donnell was used as a
625:
meat. The diet provided about 1,500 calories daily and was deficient in protein and vitamins. Vitamin deficiency illnesses such as
1696:
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296:. When the camp's inmates were ordered to repel the approaching Japanese forces, building on the facility was put on hold.
247:
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developed among many. The Japanese refused most offers of assistance for the POWs, including from the Philippine
175:
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1156:"Justice and Reconciliation: Postwar Philippine Trials Against Japanese War Criminals in History and Memory"
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now stands as a grave marker on the original site of the camp, which charges an entrance fee of less than
48:
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293:
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254:, about 20,000 Filipinos and 1,500 Americans died there of disease, starvation, neglect, and brutality.
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870:
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797:
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920:
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Skelton III, William Paul "American Ex-Prisoners of War", Department of Veterans Affairs, pp. 12–19
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Camp O'Donnell was the destination of the Filipino and American soldiers who surrendered after the
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included him in the list of pardoned Japanese war criminals, but was to continue his sentence in
679:
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In August 1941, Camp O'Donnell was built on a 250-hectare plot of land about 65 miles north of
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installation occupying its eastern side. It housed the Training and Doctrine Command's
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445:
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1126:"United States of America vs. Yoshio Tsuneyoshi - Review of the Staff Judge Advocate"
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Surrender & Survival: The Experience of American POWs in the Pacific 1941–1945
285:, the capital city of the Philippines. The camp's development was overseen by the
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667:, who won the country's first ever Olympic medal, died at the camp aged 38.
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1301:
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1042:"Olympians Who Were Killed or Missing in Action or Died as a Result of War"
227:
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807:
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652:, commander of U.S. forces in the Philippines, were taken to a camp near
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The American POWs at Camp O'Donnell were moved to new POW camps near
634:
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239:
707:
325:
A photo of what is believed to be a burial detail at Camp O'Donnell
1072:"Information about the Prisoners of War of the Japanese 1939-1945"
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http://bataanmissing.com/wp-includes/files/Cabanatuan_History.pdf
762:
630:
292:
When the camp was first constructed, it was meant to house the
282:
211:
35:
1104:
National Archives of Japan Center for Asian Historical Records
723:
203:
31:
53:
Facade of the Training and Doctrine Command, Philippine Army
1190:
page on the site of the Philippine Veterans Affairs Office
948:"Asian-Americans and Pacific Islanders in the U.S. Army,"
698:
Class of 1915, was captured in Japan and brought to the
1727:
Military history of the Philippines during World War II
974:, New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., pp. 61–63
694:, Capt. Yoshio Tsuneyoshi, who was a graduate of the
606:
of 1929, which Japan had signed but had not ratified.
757:The former internment camp is the location for the
273:, NCO Academy, and Headquarters Service Battalion.
1133:Center for Research Allied POWs under the Japanese
950:https://www.army.mil/asianpacificamericans/history
780:The location is currently the headquarters of the
1118:
1683:
648:. About 120 senior officers, including General
377:
344:
1707:Japanese prisoner of war and internment camps
1236:
294:71st Infantry Division of the Philippine Army
734:Camp O'Donnell was later transferred to the
257:After World War II, it became a base of the
1147:
712:military tribunal under the Philippine Army
16:Military camp in Capas, Tarlac, Philippines
1243:
1229:
771:Bases Conversion and Development Authority
1692:Military installations of the Philippines
900:philippinedefenders.pastperfectonline.com
867:"Official Website of the Philippine Army"
845:The National Endowment for the Humanities
834:
832:
608:
271:Philippine Army Officer Candidate School
1153:
663:On June 19, 1942, the Filipino swimmer
357:Location of Camp O'Donnell within Luzon
194:is a current military base and former
1712:1942 establishments in the Philippines
1684:
1106:. Far East Command, United States Army
1012:O'Donell: Andersonville of the Pacific
896:"Camp O' Donnell - Form | ADBC Museum"
829:
1722:World War II sites in the Philippines
1702:Army installations of the Philippines
1224:
1212:Manila American Cemetery and Memorial
1135:. Headquarters 8th United States Army
1089:
670:Camp O'Donnell was recaptured by the
1034:
890:
888:
738:and became home to the 3rd Tactical
838:
754:broadcasts out of the Philippines.
685:
222:and after the Americans' return, a
13:
1732:World War II prisoner-of-war camps
1540:(Naval Operating Base San Vicente)
985:"O'Donnell Provost Marshal Report"
746:Electronic Warfare Range, and the
537:
522:
158:Training and Doctrine Command, AFP
14:
1743:
1196:
885:
390:Camp O'Donnell (Philippines)
1552:(Naval Operating Base Batu-Batu)
1388:(Datu Odin Sinsuat, Maguindanao)
1374:Camp Gen. Macario G. Peralta Jr.
1265:
1251:
729:
589:The first Filipino and American
376:
369:
343:
336:
319:
276:
263:U.S. Naval Radio Station, Tarlac
230:, the reservation was used as a
78:
47:
1670:Domingo Deluana Marine Barracks
1664:Arturo Asuncion Marine Barracks
1428:Camp Gen. Mariano Riego de Dios
1174:
1064:
1025:
1004:
995:
977:
939:Beckenbaugh and Harris, pp. 2–3
773:commenced construction work of
615:National Prisoner of War Museum
458:, Japanese-occupied Philippines
299:
1652:Rudiardo Brown Marine Barracks
1162:. George Washington University
1154:Chamberlain, Sharon Williams.
964:
955:
942:
933:
913:
859:
841:"Andersonville of the Pacific"
819:
696:Imperial Japanese Army Academy
206:island in the municipality of
1:
1697:Military facilities in Tarlac
1562:Naval Station Ernesto Ogbinar
1546:(Naval Operating Base Mactan)
1386:Camp BGen. Gonzalo H. Siongco
1370:(Labangan, Zamboanga del Sur)
813:
777:at the former American camp.
1658:Gregorio Lim Marine Barracks
1076:www.forces-war-records.co.uk
1001:Beckenbaugh and Harris, p. 3
786:Mechanized Infantry Division
676:Philippine Commonwealth Army
621:occasionally with shreds of
563:Philippine Commonwealth Army
7:
1368:Camp Major Cesar L. Sang-an
791:
248:invasion of the Philippines
10:
1748:
1418:(Manolo Fortich, Bukidnon)
970:Kerr, E. Bartlett (1985),
769:20 per head. In 2016, the
1642:
1532:Naval Base Heracleo Alano
1522:
1449:
1380:Camp Melchor F. dela Cruz
1274:
798:Crow Valley Gunnery Range
748:Crow Valley Range Complex
656:after their surrender at
550:
529:
517:
509:
505:April 1942 – January 1943
501:
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151:
146:
120:
112:
104:
96:
91:
73:
68:
58:
46:
28:
23:
1524:Naval bases and stations
1394:(Catbalogan City, Samar)
1362:Camp Gen. Mateo Capinpin
930:, accessed April 4, 2016
926:August 12, 2011, at the
261:and the location of the
1672:(Marine Base Tawi-Tawi)
1629:(Fort San Antonio Abad)
1579:NS Apolinario Jalandoon
1556:NS Leovigildo Gantioqui
1544:Naval Base Rafael Ramos
1538:Naval Base Camilo Osias
1440:Camp Gen. Manuel T. Yan
1326:Fort Gregorio Del Pilar
1203:Camp O'Donnell Memorial
1186:March 20, 2006, at the
1010:Olson, John E. (1985).
952:, accessed May 6, 2016
742:Training Squadron, the
680:Philippine Constabulary
568:Philippine Constabulary
486:Capt. Yoshio Tsuneyoshi
393:Show map of Philippines
289:'s U.S. Army Engineer.
259:United States Air Force
1573:NS Narciso Del Rosario
704:8th United States Army
617:
477:Imperial Japanese Army
246:during its successful
196:United States military
1660:(Marine Base Ternate)
1567:NS Julhasan A Arasain
1442:(Mawab, Davao de Oro)
1424:(Manaoag, Pangasinan)
1406:(Pili, Camarines Sur)
1332:Edilberto Evangelista
1181:Capas National Shrine
759:Capas National Shrine
682:on January 30, 1945.
612:
467:Philippine Department
287:Philippine Department
242:soldiers captured by
1654:(Marine Base Manila)
1581:(NS Puerto Princesa)
1292:(Santa Cruz, Laguna)
1276:Army camps and forts
873:on December 18, 2015
426:15.3759°N 120.5119°E
252:prisoner-of-war camp
147:Garrison information
1609:NS Felix Apolinario
1597:NS Alfonso Palencia
1534:(Naval Base Cavite)
1392:Camp Vicente Lukban
422: /
384:Camp O'Donnell
351:Camp O'Donnell
198:reservation in the
1633:NS Pascual Ledesma
1615:NS Romulo Espaldon
1591:NS Carlito Cunanan
1404:Camp Elias Angeles
1264:
1256:
808:Mount Samat Shrine
744:Pacific Air Forces
740:Electronic Warfare
692:surrender of Japan
672:United States Army
618:
584:Bataan Death March
558:United States Army
536:21,684 Filipinos (
446:Bataan Death March
313:Concentration camp
224:United States Army
176:Armor Division, PA
116:Concrete and Metal
74:Controlled by
1717:History of Tarlac
1679:
1678:
1635:(Fort San Felipe)
1621:NS Jose Francisco
1585:NS Emilio Liwanag
1400:(Calamba, Laguna)
1376:(Jamindan, Capiz)
1308:Servillano Aquino
1302:Rigoberto Atienza
1052:on April 17, 2020
1014:. John E. Olson.
700:military tribunal
665:Teófilo Yldefonso
604:Geneva Convention
576:
575:
518:Number of inmates
431:15.3759; 120.5119
360:Show map of Luzon
218:'s newly created
189:
188:
181:71st Division, PA
1739:
1666:(Zamboanga City)
1603:NS Dioscoro Papa
1550:NS Juan Magluyan
1509:(General Santos)
1503:(Cagayan de Oro)
1497:(Zamboanga City)
1483:Antonio Bautista
1477:Basilio Fernando
1398:Camp Vicente Lim
1352:(Zamboanga City)
1334:(Cagayan de Oro)
1296:Andres Bonifacio
1284:Emilio Aguinaldo
1269:
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1048:. Archived from
1046:Sports Reference
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869:. Archived from
863:
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752:Voice of America
686:War Crimes Trial
591:prisoners-of-war
580:Battle of Bataan
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214:. It housed the
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69:Site information
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1644:Marine barracks
1638:
1627:NS Jose Andrada
1558:(NS San Miguel)
1518:
1501:Lumbia Air Base
1451:Air Force bases
1445:
1430:(Tanza, Cavite)
1412:(Capas, Tarlac)
1382:(Gamu, Isabela)
1320:Guillermo Nakar
1314:Ramon Magsaysay
1270:
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1194:
1188:Wayback Machine
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989:www.mansell.com
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928:Wayback Machine
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839:McManus, John.
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782:Philippine Army
732:
716:Elpidio Quirino
688:
572:
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543:1,488 Americans
513:Prisoner of War
495:Philippine Army
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1623:(Bonifacio NS)
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1617:(NS Zamboanga)
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1515:(Angeles City)
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1465:Danilo Atienza
1462:
1459:Jesus Villamor
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1422:Camp Tito Abat
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1416:Camp Natividad
1413:
1410:Camp O'Donnell
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1364:(Tanay, Rizal)
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1344:Sotero Cabahug
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1338:Camp Lapu-Lapu
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1290:Emilio Jacinto
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1197:External links
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1587:(NS Pag-asa)
1575:(NS Balabac)
1569:(NS Legaspi)
1507:Rajah Buayan
1489:Benito Ebuen
1409:
1358:(Davao City)
1356:Camp Panacan
1350:Camp Navarro
1216:Find a Grave
1207:Find a Grave
1176:
1164:. Retrieved
1159:
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1137:. Retrieved
1132:
1120:
1108:. Retrieved
1103:
1091:
1079:. Retrieved
1075:
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1056:February 13,
1054:. Retrieved
1050:the original
1045:
1036:
1031:Kerr, p. 102
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903:. Retrieved
899:
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871:the original
861:
849:. Retrieved
847:. Humanities
844:
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613:Memorial at
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551:Liberated by
491:Original use
300:World War II
291:
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228:World War II
191:
190:
128:World War II
121:Battles/wars
108:1941–present
92:Site history
30:Sta. Lucia,
18:
1593:(NS Ulugan)
1434:Camp Iranun
1340:(Cebu City)
1262:Philippines
1160:GWU Library
1081:January 20,
654:Tarlac City
502:Operational
473:Operated by
429: /
417:120°30′43″E
404:Coordinates
265:, with the
202:located on
200:Philippines
183:(1941–1942)
138:Vietnam War
105:In use
86:Philippines
40:Philippines
1686:Categories
1611:(NS Davao)
1479:(Batangas)
1473:(Pampanga)
1471:Cesar Basa
905:January 8,
814:References
702:under the
690:After the
678:, and the
658:Corregidor
650:Wainwright
646:Cabanatuan
483:Commandant
414:15°22′33″N
133:Korean War
1485:(Palawan)
877:March 20,
826:estimate.
635:Red Cross
627:beri-beri
442:Known for
234:camp for
113:Materials
1467:(Cavite)
1328:(Baguio)
1322:(Lucena)
1310:(Tarlac)
1258:Military
1184:Archived
924:Archived
792:See also
708:Yokohama
521:70,000 (
463:Built by
452:Location
240:American
236:Filipino
152:Garrison
1461:(Pasay)
763:obelisk
631:pelagra
510:Inmates
1491:(Cebu)
1346:(Cebu)
1166:May 1,
1139:May 1,
1110:May 1,
1097:"1947"
1018:
851:May 1,
674:, the
530:Killed
283:Manila
212:Tarlac
83:
36:Tarlac
1513:Clark
1129:(PDF)
1100:(PDF)
724:Tokyo
244:Japan
208:Capas
204:Luzon
97:Built
32:Capas
1168:2023
1141:2023
1112:2023
1083:2022
1058:2022
1016:ISBN
907:2024
879:2016
853:2023
629:and
538:est.
523:est.
497:base
238:and
100:1941
59:Type
1214:at
1205:at
784:'s
767:Ph₱
722:in
706:in
210:in
170:PAF
38:,
1688::
1158:.
1131:.
1102:.
1074:.
1044:.
987:.
898:.
887:^
843:.
831:^
788:.
726:.
637:.
168:,
166:PN
164:,
162:PA
34:,
1244:e
1237:t
1230:v
1170:.
1143:.
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991:.
909:.
881:.
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540:)
525:)
172:)
160:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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