1181:
232:
1193:
218:
31:
1154:
96:
1000:
71:
1052:
the ground. A dent (23–28 centimetres (9.1–11.0 in) wide by 10–11 centimetres (3.9–4.3 in) deep) is scraped out on the dirt floor and cushioned with grasses, sticks, leaves, and feathers. About 6-11 pale buff eggs speckled brown are then laid in the nest, incubated for approx. 23–28 days. The chicks consume invertebrates, transitioning to more plant matter as they mature. By around 10–14 days and so forth, they are capable of short flights.
1088:
778:
1142:
580:(1.65–2.43 lb). The cock's fancy plumage is predominantly black with deep-blue hues on his neck and back, which contrasts the white wingline and undertail coverts, as well as red bare skin above each eye. On the other hand, the hen is much drabber and cryptically colored to blend in easily with the dense undergrowth, especially when nesting. The black grouse, along with the Caucasian grouse, has long outer
596:
1169:
987:. Though the exact causes for local declines remain largely unclear, habitat loss and excess hunting have played a part in the overall reduction. Shifts in their location, however can happen concurrently with the depletion over decades, so short-term research projects may not provide much proof of driving forces behind population alterations.
1051:
When mated successfully, she will fly away from the site to a suitable nesting site with an abundance of dense shrub or tall vegetation, often located at a tree base in between roots, under low branches, beside a boulder, or extremely rarely, a used raptor's or corvid's nest 7 metres (23 ft) off
1036:
Black grouse have a very distinctive and well-recorded courtship ritual. Every dawn in the spring, male grouse begin competition with other males in hopes of attracting a hen to mate with. They will display to signal their territory and vigor by fanning out their elaborate lyre-shaped tails and
990:
Based on historical info gathered from various sources (including wildlife surveys and scientific papers), aspen, birch, and poplar make up the black grouse's staple diet and habitat. The climate and precipitation during the month of June is also linked to the breeding success of black grouse.
601:
600:
597:
602:
579:
The black grouse is a large bird with males measuring roughly around 60 centimetres (24 in) in length and weighing 1,100–1,250 grams (2.43–2.76 lb), sometimes up to 2,100 grams (4.6 lb), with females approximately 45 cm (18 in) and weighing 750–1,100 grams
42:
43:
1015:
599:
1866:
1017:
1026:
1028:
323:
habitat when breeding, often near wooded areas. They will spend the winter perched in dense forests, feeding almost exclusively on the needles of conifers. The black grouse is one of two species of grouse in the genus
598:
44:
1701:
730:
when near agricultural fields. Depending on the season, they will overwinter in large flocks in dense forests, and feed primarily on the leaves and buds of coniferous and broadleaf trees, such as
691:(DOF) has considered it extinct since 2001. The species disappeared from Bulgaria in the 19th century. In Asia, a huge portion of their population can be found in Russia (particularly southern
1016:
1041:. Their song consists of a long, dove-like bubbling coo or murmur. Black grouse hens visiting the lek decide the overall healthiest male, though not all females may arrive at every lek.
1268:
BirdLife
International and NatureServe (2014) Bird Species Distribution Maps of the World. 2012. Lyrurus tetrix. In: IUCN 2014. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3.
946:. 30 grouse were released in October 2003, followed by 10 male grouse in December 2004 and a further 10 males and 10 females in April 2005. The programme is being run jointly by the
1027:
947:
714:
Black grouse are adapted to an extensive array of habitats across
Eurasia, though most frequently utilize the transitionary zones between forests and open clearings, especially
834:, it is not considered to be vulnerable globally due to the large population (global estimate is 15–40 million individuals) and slow rate of decline. Its decline is due to
437:
The black grouse has six recognized subspecies. Black grouse populations differ slightly in size and coloration, with birds increasing in size further east of their range:
746:. Throughout the spring and summer, they tend to favor open spaces to seek potential mates and raise broods, switching their diet to berries, shoots and stems of
1192:
1661:
Boev, Z. (1997). "The Black Grouse, Tetrao tetrix (L., 1758) (Tetraonidae, Aves), a disappeared species in
Bulgaria (Paleolithic and Neolithic records)".
337:
The female is greyish-brown and has a cackling or warbling call. She takes all responsibility for nesting and caring for the chicks, as typical with most
1705:
2200:
1126:
have worn them in their full-dress headgear and that tradition is carried on in the dress glengarries of the current
Scottish super regiment, the
2737:
2455:
2179:
2507:
2830:
2205:
1836:
1180:
1402:
Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
2711:
2416:
2750:
2468:
1916:
860:
and most of
Scotland. Best looked for on farmland and moorland with nearby forestry or scattered trees. They have traditional
2210:
1839:
1521:
1433:
966:
2755:
2473:
1345:"Whole genome sequencing of the black grouse (Tetrao tetrix): Reference guided assembly suggests faster-Z and MHC evolution"
1153:
2855:
849:
The IUCN implemented a Black Grouse Action Plan 2007–2010. This has looked at local populations that are vulnerable to the
2429:
2390:
635:. Although believed to once to live in Ireland, it now no longer resides there. In Eastern Europe they can be found in
2564:
2230:
1645:
817:
2512:
2850:
2408:
1123:
2703:
2685:
1297:
361:
1730:
Zhang, Chao; Yang, Li; Wu, Shuhong; Xia, Wancai; Yang, Lei; Li, Miaomiao; Chen, Minhao; Luan, Xiaofeng (2020).
799:
2434:
2807:
2763:
2626:
2494:
2364:
795:
1453:
1816:
2356:
2351:
2153:
1826:
1270:
955:
688:
231:
2618:
1732:"Use of historical data to improve conservation of the black grouse (Lyrurus tetrix) in Northeast China"
1055:
Where their range overlaps in similar biomes of other species, they are capable of hybridizing with the
1909:
1474:
1127:
1800:
1244:
1098:
The tails of black-cocks have, since late
Victorian times, been popular adornments for hats worn with
2845:
2330:
1318:
1064:
983:
and northeastern China by about 39%, with birds being most affected (and possibly extirpated) in the
95:
2303:
1805:
1596:
1894:
1782:
1111:
788:
2794:
2551:
1141:
2742:
2460:
2338:
2265:
2220:
2010:
1545:
1425:
217:
2486:
1344:
2789:
2546:
1902:
1449:
467:
399:
371:
190:
30:
2538:
1417:
1405:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 159.
2559:
2343:
2312:
2215:
2096:
1954:
1743:
1060:
935:
751:
1858:
584:(tail feathers) that curl outward and arranged in a way it resembles the frame of a Greek
8:
2106:
1539:
755:
353:
60:
1747:
1221:
2005:
1612:
1373:
951:
392:
words referring to some form of game bird. The black grouse is now placed in the genus
248:
90:
2317:
2659:
2533:
2377:
2040:
2025:
1974:
1761:
1641:
1616:
1517:
1429:
1418:
1378:
972:
In France there has been much work regarding the birds and their risk of flying into
850:
2369:
1560:
1482:
1457:
1168:
1032:
Black grouse - recorded in 2022 in the northern Alps. Mostly rolling sounds audible.
492:
471:
2835:
2664:
2382:
2225:
2184:
2060:
2045:
1884:
1872:
1751:
1604:
1568:
1478:
1368:
1358:
1239:
1076:
876:
331:
2651:
1400:
2840:
2776:
2690:
2604:
2520:
2137:
2030:
1944:
1853:
1820:
1459:
Fauna
Boreali-Americana, or, The Zoology of the Northern Parts of British America
1107:
1068:
1056:
900:
835:
743:
366:
2768:
2631:
2577:
2499:
1702:"Observatoire des galliformes de montagne (Observatory of Mountain Galliformes)"
1021:
Black grouse - rolling and hissing sounds, recorded in 2022 in the northern Alps
2698:
2403:
2065:
2055:
1964:
1949:
1099:
908:
904:
892:
868:
739:
735:
581:
305:
1464:
The title page bears the year 1831 but the volume was no published until 1832.
979:
From 1950 to 2000, local black grouse populations have steadily diminished in
934:
A programme to re-introduce black grouse into the wild started in 2003 in the
2824:
2481:
2288:
2235:
2174:
2127:
2070:
2020:
2000:
1765:
1608:
1396:
1363:
1230:
939:
620:
521:
389:
357:
207:
80:
75:
1343:
Wang, B.; Ekblom, R.; Bunikis, I.; Siitari, H.; Höglund, J. (6 March 2014).
2395:
2015:
1979:
1382:
1349:
1072:
973:
856:
In the United
Kingdom black grouse are found in upland areas of Wales, the
830:
Although this species has declined throughout most of its range in western
2781:
1844:
1789:
2724:
2442:
2297:
2240:
2035:
1925:
1879:
1573:
1119:
680:
624:
525:
338:
294:
157:
147:
2641:
1823:
Published in support of the UK Biodiversity Action Plan for black grouse
1595:
de Juana, Eduardo; Kirwan, Guy M.; Boesman, Peter F. D. (4 March 2020).
1114:
caps, they still continue to be worn by pipers of civilian and military
999:
2716:
2572:
2421:
2158:
2111:
1959:
1888:
1038:
896:
884:
880:
861:
802: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
731:
696:
504:
496:
312:
2525:
1756:
1731:
2729:
2447:
2101:
1538:
1115:
1103:
1092:
980:
924:
875:), having disappeared from many of their former haunts. They are now
760:
747:
723:
644:
453:
107:
2677:
2259:
1676:
1087:
1044:
In western Europe, these leks seldom contain more than 40 birds; in
777:
2598:
2282:
2091:
2086:
1929:
1924:
961:
Conservation groups helping to revive the black grouse include the
916:
912:
857:
843:
700:
512:
475:
449:
418:
406:
316:
127:
2802:
2325:
2132:
2050:
1995:
1848:
943:
872:
764:
shrubs. They avoid the most extreme of desert and polar regions.
727:
692:
684:
676:
668:
660:
656:
652:
636:
628:
568:
546:
537:
508:
483:
445:
394:
326:
308:
167:
2613:
1813:
1794:
1045:
928:
888:
831:
715:
672:
648:
640:
632:
616:
564:
529:
375:
320:
301:
240:
117:
1462:. Vol. Part 2. The Birds. London: J. Murray. p. 497.
1215:
1213:
2672:
1274:
984:
719:
708:
704:
554:
550:
533:
500:
479:
457:
417:
respectively. These names first occur in the literature with
1830:
1210:
1008:
962:
920:
664:
585:
297:
137:
49:
1637:
1513:
1037:
inflating their necks on designated open ground called a
839:
1342:
1198:
Black grouse taxidermies with different color anomalies
405:
The male and female are sometimes referred to by their
1219:
398:
that was introduced in 1832 by the
English naturalist
1594:
1473:
846:, etc., and small populations gradually dying out.
1448:
1048:, 150 is not uncommon and 200 have been recorded.
615:Black grouse can be found on open habitats across
2201:British Association for Shooting and Conservation
1245:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22679480A85944601.en
344:The black grouse's genome was sequenced in 2014.
2822:
2180:Protection of Wild Mammals (Scotland) Act 2002
1729:
1910:
574:
1420:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
619:(Swiss-Italian-French Alps especially) from
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1510:The Oxford Dictionary of British Bird Names
610:
2206:Hunting and shooting in the United Kingdom
1917:
1903:
1264:
1262:
230:
216:
69:
29:
2251:Rarely shot because of declining numbers.
1755:
1572:
1372:
1362:
1319:"Lyrurus tetrix (Black Grouse) - Avibase"
1271:"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species"
1243:
1082:
818:Learn how and when to remove this message
1654:
1581:
1507:
1395:
1091:The black grouse in the coat of arms of
1086:
1024:
1013:
998:
867:They have declined in some parts of the
594:
40:
1415:
1336:
1259:
994:
2823:
2211:Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust
1840:Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust
1628:
1626:
967:Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust
767:
347:
2264:
2263:
1898:
1725:
1723:
1694:
1536:
1501:
1489:. International Ornithologists' Union
695:), though they also inhabit parts of
2808:DE9D96E0-8F5D-4EFE-BBE5-B1249941F974
2704:d82f1036-cf7e-4aef-9f3d-276d8ebdffbb
1660:
1424:. London: Christopher Helm. p.
1409:
1313:
1311:
800:adding citations to reliable sources
771:
2831:IUCN Red List least concern species
2435:eurasian-black-grouse-tetrao-tetrix
1634:The Birds of the Western Palearctic
1623:
1483:"Pheasants, partridges, francolins"
1231:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
853:. For example, in Styria, Austria.
330:, the other being the lesser-known
13:
1720:
1467:
14:
2867:
2231:Gamekeepers in the United Kingdom
1776:
1537:Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920).
1308:
563:(Lorenz T., 1891) - southeastern
444:(Lorenz T., 1911) - southeastern
1885:Audio recordings of Black grouse
1487:IOC World Bird List Version 11.2
1191:
1179:
1167:
1152:
1140:
1102:. Most commonly associated with
776:
94:
1859:BirdLife species factsheet for
1790:Field Guide: Birds of the World
1669:
1553:
1530:
1220:BirdLife International (2016).
1118:. Since 1904, all ranks of the
864:sites where the males display.
787:needs additional citations for
663:. There is a population in the
1597:"Black Grouse (Tetrao tetrix)"
1442:
1389:
1290:
1159:Painting of a male and female
1:
1845:Black Grouse photos and voice
1801:"Eurasian Black Grouse media"
1203:
1124:King's Own Scottish Borderers
689:Danish Ornithological Society
432:
1869:at VIREO (Drexel University)
1854:Black Grouse Lekking (Video)
1287:. Downloaded on 2 June 2015.
1147:Black grouse male displaying
838:, disturbance, predation by
606:Black grouse cock displaying
7:
2856:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2154:League Against Cruel Sports
1704:(in French). Archived from
956:Peak District National Park
667:, and isolated remnants in
10:
2872:
1867:Black grouse photo gallery
1561:"IOC World Bird List 13.1"
1133:
1128:Royal Regiment of Scotland
683:. It formerly occurred in
575:Description and appearance
356:by the Swedish naturalist
2588:
2272:
2249:
2193:
2167:
2146:
2120:
2079:
1988:
1937:
1873:Interactive range map of
1416:Jobling, James A (2010).
1065:black-billed capercaillie
254:
247:
238:
229:
224:
215:
196:
189:
91:Scientific classification
89:
67:
58:
37:
28:
23:
1806:Internet Bird Collection
1609:10.2173/bow.blagro1.01.1
1364:10.1186/1471-2164-15-180
1238:: e.T22679480A85944601.
611:Distribution and habitat
588:, hence the genus name,
545:(Kohts, 1911) - eastern
2851:Birds described in 1758
1508:Lockwood, W.B. (1993).
429:are also common names.
2221:Driven grouse shooting
1814:Black Grouse in the UK
1677:"Black Grouse - eBird"
1546:Encyclopedia Americana
1450:Swainson, William John
1095:
1083:Relationship to humans
1033:
1022:
1011:
607:
311:, spanning across the
53:
2790:Paleobiology Database
2547:Paleobiology Database
1932:in the United Kingdom
1636:(Abridged ed.).
1090:
1031:
1020:
1002:
605:
400:William John Swainson
352:The black grouse was
283:Eurasian black grouse
279:northern black grouse
47:
2699:Fauna Europaea (new)
2216:Countryside Alliance
2097:European fallow deer
1955:Red-legged partridge
1819:21 July 2011 at the
1574:10.14344/ioc.ml.13.1
1481:, eds. (July 2021).
1186:Black grouse on snow
1061:western capercaillie
1005:Tetrao tetrix tetrix
995:Breeding and nesting
936:Upper Derwent Valley
796:improve this article
553:including northwest
1849:nature-pictures.org
1748:2020Ecosp..11E3090Z
1565:IOC World Bird List
1323:avibase.bsc-eoc.org
1174:Black grouse female
768:Conservation status
348:Taxonomy and naming
225:Black grouse range
61:Conservation status
1880:IUCN Red List maps
1708:on 3 December 2013
1601:Birds of the World
1477:; Donsker, David;
1096:
1034:
1023:
1012:
952:Severn Trent Water
608:
495:, 1904) - eastern
354:formally described
54:
2818:
2817:
2534:Open Tree of Life
2266:Taxon identifiers
2257:
2256:
2041:Northern shoveler
2026:Pink-footed goose
1975:Eurasian woodcock
1757:10.1002/ecs2.3090
1665:. 25–26: 643–646.
1663:Anthropozoologica
1540:"Blackcock"
1523:978-0-19-866196-2
1479:Rasmussen, Pamela
1435:978-1-4081-2501-4
1057:ringneck pheasant
1029:
1018:
851:extinction vortex
828:
827:
820:
603:
549:and northeastern
543:L. t. ussuriensis
536:and northeastern
499:and northwestern
464:L. t. britannicus
452:and northwestern
442:L. t. baikalensis
277:), also known as
265:
264:
84:
48:Bird recorded in
45:
2863:
2846:Birds of Eurasia
2811:
2810:
2798:
2797:
2785:
2784:
2772:
2771:
2769:NHMSYS0000530658
2759:
2758:
2746:
2745:
2733:
2732:
2720:
2719:
2707:
2706:
2694:
2693:
2681:
2680:
2668:
2667:
2655:
2654:
2645:
2644:
2635:
2634:
2622:
2621:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2581:
2580:
2568:
2567:
2555:
2554:
2542:
2541:
2529:
2528:
2516:
2515:
2503:
2502:
2500:NBNSYS0000172474
2490:
2489:
2477:
2476:
2464:
2463:
2451:
2450:
2438:
2437:
2425:
2424:
2412:
2411:
2399:
2398:
2386:
2385:
2373:
2372:
2360:
2359:
2347:
2346:
2334:
2333:
2331:D4441CD6E9C993EF
2321:
2320:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2293:
2292:
2291:
2261:
2260:
2226:Glorious Twelfth
2185:Hunting Act 2004
2107:Reeves's muntjac
2061:Common goldeneye
2046:Northern pintail
1919:
1912:
1905:
1896:
1895:
1810:
1770:
1769:
1759:
1727:
1718:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1630:
1621:
1620:
1592:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1542:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1471:
1465:
1463:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1423:
1413:
1407:
1406:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1376:
1366:
1357:(1): e10000180.
1340:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1329:
1315:
1306:
1305:
1298:"Lyrurus tetrix"
1294:
1288:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1273:. Archived from
1266:
1257:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1247:
1217:
1195:
1183:
1171:
1156:
1144:
1077:willow ptarmigan
1030:
1019:
823:
816:
812:
809:
803:
780:
772:
604:
567:to southwestern
507:, south-central
503:towards eastern
489:L. t. mongolicus
332:Caucasian grouse
304:family. It is a
239:Distribution in
234:
220:
202:
99:
98:
78:
73:
72:
46:
33:
21:
20:
2871:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2814:
2806:
2801:
2793:
2788:
2780:
2777:Observation.org
2775:
2767:
2762:
2754:
2749:
2741:
2736:
2728:
2723:
2715:
2710:
2702:
2697:
2689:
2684:
2676:
2671:
2663:
2658:
2650:
2648:
2640:
2638:
2630:
2625:
2617:
2612:
2603:
2602:
2597:
2584:
2576:
2571:
2563:
2558:
2550:
2545:
2537:
2532:
2524:
2521:Observation.org
2519:
2511:
2506:
2498:
2493:
2485:
2480:
2472:
2467:
2459:
2454:
2446:
2441:
2433:
2428:
2420:
2415:
2407:
2402:
2394:
2389:
2381:
2376:
2368:
2363:
2355:
2350:
2342:
2337:
2329:
2324:
2316:
2311:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2287:
2286:
2281:
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2258:
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1777:External links
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905:Worcestershire
893:East Yorkshire
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808:September 2010
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2021:Greylag goose
2019:
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2014:
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2011:Golden plover
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372:binomial name
369:
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362:tenth edition
359:
358:Carl Linnaeus
355:
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36:
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27:
24:Black grouse
22:
19:
2589:
2273:
2121:Other quarry
2016:Canada goose
1980:Common snipe
1970:Black grouse
1969:
1926:Game animals
1874:
1860:
1837:Black Grouse
1827:Black Grouse
1804:
1788:
1783:
1739:
1735:
1710:. Retrieved
1706:the original
1696:
1686:25 September
1684:. Retrieved
1680:
1671:
1662:
1656:
1633:
1600:
1564:
1555:
1544:
1532:
1509:
1503:
1491:. Retrieved
1486:
1469:
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1444:
1419:
1411:
1401:
1391:
1354:
1350:BMC Genomics
1348:
1338:
1326:. Retrieved
1322:
1301:
1292:
1279:. Retrieved
1275:the original
1249:. Retrieved
1235:
1229:
1223:
1160:
1097:
1073:hazel grouse
1054:
1050:
1043:
1035:
1004:
989:
978:
971:
960:
938:area of the
933:
871:(especially
866:
855:
848:
829:
814:
805:
794:Please help
789:verification
786:
759:
758:, and other
740:silver birch
713:
614:
589:
578:
560:
542:
528:to southern
518:L. t. tetrix
517:
511:and western
488:
463:
448:to northern
441:
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269:black grouse
268:
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257:
199:
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181:
180:
168:
18:
2725:iNaturalist
2443:iNaturalist
2298:Wikispecies
2241:Deer forest
2036:Tufted duck
2006:Wood pigeon
1712:25 November
1475:Gill, Frank
1251:12 November
1120:Royal Scots
748:cranberries
681:Netherlands
631:and across
625:Scandinavia
526:Scandinavia
158:Phasianidae
148:Galliformes
2825:Categories
2573:Xeno-canto
2159:Animal Aid
2112:Water deer
1960:Red grouse
1938:Game birds
1889:Xeno-canto
1204:References
1116:pipe bands
897:New Forest
885:Derbyshire
881:Lancashire
877:extirpated
732:Scots pine
697:Kazakhstan
687:, but the
524:, 1758) -
505:Kazakhstan
497:Kyrgyzstan
474:, 1913) -
433:Subspecies
388:come from
370:under the
339:galliforms
313:Palearctic
52:, Scotland
2605:Q25691279
2147:Opponents
2102:Sika deer
1766:2150-8925
1736:Ecosphere
1681:ebird.org
1617:243567408
1493:23 August
1328:1 October
1104:Glengarry
1093:Tuusniemi
981:Manchuria
974:ski-lifts
925:Wiltshire
761:Vaccinium
724:grassland
720:heathland
645:Lithuania
582:rectrices
454:Manchuria
423:Heathcock
421:in 1674.
411:blackcock
306:sedentary
291:blackcock
287:blackgame
176:Species:
114:Kingdom:
108:Eukaryota
2743:10214739
2639:BioLib:
2632:25033970
2599:Wikidata
2487:22679480
2461:10598145
2344:22679480
2339:BirdLife
2283:Wikidata
2194:See also
2092:Roe deer
2087:Red deer
1930:shooting
1817:Archived
1640:. 1997.
1456:(1831).
1399:(1758).
1383:24602261
1108:Balmoral
965:and the
917:Dartmoor
913:Cornwall
858:Pennines
701:Mongolia
679:and the
623:through
522:Linnaeus
513:Mongolia
493:Lönnberg
476:Scotland
472:Lönnberg
468:Witherby
450:Mongolia
427:Heathhen
419:John Ray
415:greyhen,
317:moorland
249:Synonyms
208:Linnaeus
154:Family:
128:Chordata
124:Phylum:
118:Animalia
104:Domain:
81:IUCN 3.1
2836:Lyrurus
2803:ZooBank
2717:8379871
2678:blagro1
2652:blagro1
2513:1233216
2422:2473682
2370:bob3320
2326:Avibase
2289:Q155878
2133:Red fox
2051:Gadwall
1996:Mallard
1744:Bibcode
1374:4022176
1302:Avibase
1281:27 June
1134:Gallery
1003:Egg of
944:England
873:England
728:pasture
693:Siberia
685:Denmark
677:Belgium
669:Germany
661:Ukraine
657:Romania
653:Belarus
637:Hungary
629:Estonia
590:Lyrurus
569:Siberia
547:Siberia
538:Siberia
509:Siberia
484:England
446:Siberia
409:names,
395:Lyrurus
380:. Both
364:of his
327:Lyrurus
309:species
300:in the
210:, 1758)
169:Lyrurus
164:Genus:
144:Order:
134:Class:
79: (
2841:Grouse
2795:365978
2782:927752
2756:553891
2686:EURING
2614:ARKive
2552:365981
2539:725154
2474:677538
2357:808605
1795:Flickr
1764:
1644:
1615:
1520:
1432:
1381:
1371:
1075:, and
1046:Russia
929:Surrey
889:Exmoor
832:Europe
742:, and
716:steppe
673:France
649:Poland
641:Latvia
633:Russia
617:Europe
565:Russia
530:France
470:&
386:tetrix
382:Tetrao
378:tetrix
376:Tetrao
321:steppe
302:grouse
241:Europe
2738:IRMNG
2730:73479
2673:eBird
2665:55QS6
2649:BOW:
2456:IRMNG
2448:73479
2409:96458
2391:EUNIS
2383:3WTTR
1613:S2CID
844:crows
840:foxes
709:Korea
705:China
555:Korea
551:China
534:Italy
501:China
480:Wales
458:China
2751:ITIS
2712:GBIF
2691:3320
2642:8558
2565:9754
2508:NCBI
2482:IUCN
2469:ITIS
2417:GBIF
2396:1132
2352:BOLD
2080:Deer
2001:Teal
1928:and
1831:RSPB
1762:ISSN
1714:2013
1688:2020
1642:ISBN
1518:ISBN
1495:2021
1430:ISBN
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