424:
invaded the town of
Tieling, the ancestral home of the Li clan. Ming had fortified the town with cannons, but many of their soldiers defected to the Jin, and they were unable to reload their cannons before the walls were taken. Li Ruzhen, one of the last scions of the Tieling Li, fled the battle.
1739:
1803:
159:
2359:
1637:
2398:
880:
152:
863:
1732:
2403:
2239:
900:
627:
145:
2078:
1818:
2223:
2194:
1813:
1269:
1107:
509:
1895:
2678:
1434:
759:
1776:
1883:
1868:
912:
1570:
2606:
1945:
1058:
965:
2637:
1878:
953:
801:
562:
390:
2107:
1858:
1771:
1495:
1003:
858:
1680:
1510:
673:
567:
2323:
1692:
1565:
1389:
970:
2612:
2453:
2328:
1685:
1262:
502:
2423:
1138:
2540:
1783:
1470:
1356:
693:
385:
602:
2124:
1990:
1758:
1505:
1444:
1414:
1404:
653:
2558:
2333:
2189:
1873:
1863:
1848:
1843:
1675:
1625:
1605:
1545:
1379:
1185:
907:
2317:
2095:
1962:
1828:
1722:
1332:
1322:
1255:
1165:
943:
811:
781:
495:
370:
218:
169:
25:
2234:
2217:
1727:
1702:
1665:
1575:
1535:
1287:
1175:
1160:
895:
527:
2673:
2617:
2063:
986:
708:
607:
744:
2627:
2346:
2275:
2068:
1600:
1525:
1394:
1312:
1155:
991:
917:
688:
678:
360:
211:
2548:
2368:
2102:
2073:
1823:
1218:
1097:
996:
683:
597:
287:
1180:
2144:
1610:
1595:
1429:
1327:
1128:
1037:
703:
557:
375:
2668:
2525:
2413:
2294:
2119:
1337:
1065:
1013:
821:
713:
343:
481:
The Great
Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth-Century China
2599:
2458:
2418:
2085:
2047:
1935:
1915:
1833:
1632:
1615:
1480:
1449:
1384:
1170:
1148:
1133:
774:
754:
632:
592:
582:
413:
84:
63:
2530:
2497:
2463:
2408:
2288:
2270:
1980:
1910:
1717:
1500:
1201:
769:
668:
547:
235:
8:
2583:
2433:
2373:
2305:
1985:
1838:
1793:
1540:
1419:
1399:
1307:
1051:
890:
833:
786:
718:
572:
365:
292:
282:
199:
622:
2468:
2179:
2174:
2000:
1940:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1744:
1590:
1409:
663:
617:
577:
333:
313:
303:
298:
277:
796:
323:
257:
2478:
2473:
2448:
2393:
2388:
2311:
2259:
2164:
1995:
1900:
1798:
1697:
1660:
1585:
1515:
1485:
1439:
875:
612:
552:
272:
262:
2632:
2515:
2438:
2378:
2184:
1905:
1766:
1712:
1555:
1520:
1424:
1349:
1317:
1044:
853:
816:
806:
791:
764:
749:
587:
380:
348:
338:
252:
247:
2647:
2593:
2443:
2428:
2252:
1707:
1670:
1620:
1580:
1530:
1475:
1344:
1235:
1087:
1030:
948:
723:
698:
395:
2510:
2383:
2149:
2112:
1560:
1550:
1490:
1211:
1206:
1082:
2662:
2622:
2588:
2553:
2169:
2159:
1975:
1366:
1092:
885:
828:
328:
318:
308:
194:
2642:
2339:
2281:
1970:
1952:
1808:
1278:
868:
518:
417:
223:
206:
189:
89:
927:
2578:
2299:
2020:
2015:
1123:
658:
2246:
2090:
2040:
2010:
1853:
1102:
958:
228:
137:
1247:
487:
2035:
2025:
1143:
2520:
2265:
2212:
2154:
2030:
2005:
2505:
421:
101:
67:
48:
2229:
1788:
1008:
52:
2399:
Convention
Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet
1888:
922:
435:
2404:
Convention for the
Extension of Hong Kong Territory
447:
2660:
1804:Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations
2224:Complete Classics Collection of Ancient China
2195:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
1263:
1108:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
503:
483:, vol. 1, University of California Press
472:The Military Collapse of China's Ming Dynasty
153:
1270:
1256:
510:
496:
160:
146:
1884:Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty
1733:Imperial Edict of the Abdication of Puyi
167:
2340:Complete Library of the Four Treasuries
1277:
517:
478:
441:
2661:
1059:Collected Statutes of the Ming Dynasty
2638:Timeline of late anti-Qing rebellions
1879:Principles of the Constitution (1908)
1251:
491:
469:
453:
141:
1859:Ministry of Posts and Communications
412:was a military conflict between the
2607:History of Qing (People's Republic)
13:
2679:Battles involving the Ming dynasty
2324:Sacred Edict of the Kangxi Emperor
1693:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910)
1686:1909 Provincial Assembly elections
1566:Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1874)
1390:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720)
14:
2690:
2613:Imperial hunt of the Qing dynasty
2454:Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881)
2329:Shamanism during the Qing dynasty
1481:DograāTibetan war (Sino-Sikh war)
2424:Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Peking
1740:Articles of Favourable Treatment
1496:Red Turban Rebellion (1854ā1856)
1471:Eight Trigrams uprising of 1813
1357:Revolt of the Three Feudatories
694:Japanese missions to Ming China
463:
386:Revolt of the Three Feudatories
2125:Guest House of Imperial Envoys
1415:Revolt of the Altishahr Khojas
568:Campaign against the Uriankhai
1:
2559:Banknotes of the Da Qing Bank
2334:Islam during the Qing dynasty
2190:Zhao Mausoleum (Qing dynasty)
1874:Provincial military commander
1864:Nine Gates Infantry Commander
1849:Imperial Household Department
1676:Preparative Constitutionalism
1380:Sino-Russian border conflicts
628:Campaigns against the Mongols
428:
2318:Researches on Manchu Origins
1723:Mongolian Revolution of 1911
1333:Transition from Ming to Qing
1323:Later Jin invasion of Joseon
1166:Covered jar with carp design
782:Transition from Ming to Qing
7:
2218:Changzhou School of Thought
1728:1911 Revolution in Xinjiang
1703:Railway Protection Movement
1681:1909 Parliamentary election
1666:British expedition to Tibet
1576:Qing reconquest of Xinjiang
1536:Self-Strengthening Movement
1511:NepalāTibet War (1855ā1856)
1161:Ming presentation porcelain
760:Japanese invasions of Korea
10:
2695:
2618:Legacy of the Qing dynasty
1506:Miao Rebellion (1854ā1873)
1445:Miao Rebellion (1795ā1806)
1435:Battle of Ngį»c Hį»i-Äį»ng Äa
1405:Miao Rebellion (1735ā1736)
1023:Compilations and Documents
654:LuchuanāPingmian campaigns
479:Wakeman, Frederic (1985),
2628:Names of the Qing dynasty
2571:
2539:
2496:
2489:
2358:
2276:Manchu Han Imperial Feast
2203:
2135:
2056:
1961:
1757:
1648:
1606:Dungan Revolt (1895ā1896)
1601:Gongche Shangshu movement
1546:Dungan Revolt (1862ā1877)
1458:
1395:Chinese Rites controversy
1365:
1295:
1286:
1227:
1194:
1156:Chinese lacquerware table
1116:
1075:
1022:
979:
936:
918:Embroidered Uniform Guard
846:
732:
679:Prince of Anhua rebellion
641:
535:
526:
361:Manchuria under Ming rule
179:
123:
110:
95:
78:
31:
23:
18:
2549:Great Qing Treasure Note
2369:Treaty of Kyakhta (1727)
2079:Administrative divisions
1896:Administrative divisions
1824:Flag of the Qing dynasty
1219:Great Ming Treasure Note
1098:Ming Ancestors Mausoleum
881:Administrative divisions
684:Prince of Ning rebellion
420:. In the summer of 1619
2145:Chengde Mountain Resort
1946:Three Eastern Provinces
1596:First Sino-Japanese War
1571:Northern Chinese Famine
1430:Lin Shuangwen rebellion
1328:Qing invasion of Joseon
1038:The Hundred-word Eulogy
704:Great Rites Controversy
558:Ming conquest of Yunnan
470:Swope, Kenneth (2014),
2526:Great Qing Copper Coin
2414:Convention of Tientsin
2347:Annotated Bibliography
2295:Qing official headwear
1338:Battle of Shanhai Pass
1076:Palaces and Mausoleums
1066:Ming Veritable Records
714:Luso-Chinese agreement
376:2nd invasion of Joseon
371:1st invasion of Joseon
96:Commanders and leaders
2600:Draft History of Qing
2459:Treaty of Shimonoseki
2240:performance criticism
1844:Imperial Commissioner
1834:Great Qing Legal Code
1633:Eight-Nation Alliance
1616:Third plague pandemic
1526:PuntiāHakka Clan Wars
1450:White Lotus Rebellion
1171:Yongning Temple Stele
908:Imperial Commissioner
633:Reign of Ren and Xuan
593:Ming treasure voyages
583:Dao Ganmeng rebellion
124:Casualties and losses
2531:Great Qing Gold Coin
2464:Treaty of Tarbagatai
2409:Convention of Peking
2289:Pentaglot Dictionary
2271:Literary inquisition
1981:Ever Victorious Army
1814:Deliberative Council
1718:Xinhai Lhasa turmoil
1671:1905 Batang uprising
1611:Hundred Days' Reform
1501:Small Swords Society
770:Sino-Dutch conflicts
669:Rebellion of Cao Qin
598:MingāTurpan conflict
548:Red Turban Rebellion
171:MingāQing transition
26:Ming-Qing transition
2584:Anti-Qing sentiment
2434:Treaty of the Bogue
2374:Treaty of Nerchinsk
2306:Complete Tang Poems
1986:Green Standard Army
1869:Provincial governor
1839:Imperial Clan Court
1819:Diplomatic missions
1794:Consultative Bureau
1541:Tongzhi Restoration
1420:Afaqi Khoja revolts
1400:Ten Great Campaigns
1308:Jurchen unification
1117:Society and Culture
1052:Yongle Encyclopedia
891:Imperial Clan Court
834:Kingdom of Tungning
787:Jurchen unification
719:Jiajing wokou raids
608:Battle of Palembang
573:Battle of Buir Lake
366:Jurchen unification
2469:Treaty of Tientsin
2180:Western Qing tombs
2175:Eastern Qing tombs
2001:Peking Field Force
1745:Manchu Restoration
1638:Declaration of war
1591:Jindandao incident
1410:Lhasa riot of 1750
966:Military conquests
812:Peasant rebellions
689:Capture of Malacca
664:Defense of Beijing
578:Lin Kuan rebellion
219:Peasant rebellions
2674:Conflicts in 1619
2656:
2655:
2567:
2566:
2479:Treaty of Whampoa
2474:Treaty of Wanghia
2449:Treaty of Nanking
2419:LiāLobanov Treaty
2394:Chefoo Convention
2389:Burlingame Treaty
2260:Kangxi Dictionary
2165:Old Summer Palace
1996:Firearm Battalion
1799:Cup of Solid Gold
1753:
1752:
1698:Manchurian plague
1661:Late Qing reforms
1652:(1901–1912)
1586:Sikkim expedition
1516:Panthay Rebellion
1486:Taiping Rebellion
1462:(1801–1900)
1440:Sino-Nepalese War
1385:DzungarāQing Wars
1371:(1683–1799)
1299:(1616–1683)
1245:
1244:
954:Gunpowder weapons
913:Grand coordinator
876:Grand Secretariat
842:
841:
736:(1572–1683)
645:(1435–1572)
613:Battle of Kherlen
563:MingāMong Mao War
553:Wu Mian rebellion
539:(1368–1435)
410:Battle of Tieling
405:
404:
136:
135:
74:
73:
19:Battle of Tieling
2686:
2633:New Qing History
2516:Qianlong Tongbao
2494:
2493:
2439:Treaty of Canton
2379:Unequal treaties
2185:Fuling Mausoleum
1784:Advisory Council
1713:Wuchang Uprising
1653:
1556:Tianjin Massacre
1521:Second Opium War
1463:
1425:Sino-Burmese War
1372:
1350:Battle of Penghu
1318:Seven Grievances
1300:
1293:
1292:
1272:
1265:
1258:
1249:
1248:
1045:Huang-Ming Zuxun
817:Jiashen Incident
807:She-An Rebellion
792:Seven Grievances
765:Donglin movement
750:Bozhou rebellion
737:
646:
623:Lam Sʔn uprising
603:MingāÄįŗ”i Ngu War
588:Jingnan campaign
540:
533:
532:
512:
505:
498:
489:
488:
484:
475:
457:
451:
445:
439:
381:Seven Grievances
236:SheāAn Rebellion
174:
172:
162:
155:
148:
139:
138:
39:September 3 1619
33:
32:
16:
15:
2694:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2683:
2659:
2658:
2657:
2652:
2648:Willow Palisade
2594:Chuang Guandong
2563:
2535:
2485:
2444:Treaty of Kulja
2429:Treaty of Aigun
2362:
2354:
2253:History of Ming
2205:
2199:
2137:
2131:
2057:Special regions
2052:
1991:Imperial Guards
1957:
1749:
1708:1911 Revolution
1654:
1651:
1644:
1621:Boxer Rebellion
1581:Sino-French War
1531:Amur Annexation
1476:First Opium War
1464:
1461:
1454:
1373:
1370:
1361:
1345:Great Clearance
1301:
1298:
1282:
1276:
1246:
1241:
1236:History of Ming
1223:
1190:
1112:
1088:Chaotian Palace
1071:
1031:History of Yuan
1018:
975:
932:
838:
738:
735:
728:
724:Single whip law
699:Ningbo incident
674:Miao rebellions
647:
644:
637:
541:
538:
522:
516:
466:
461:
460:
452:
448:
440:
436:
431:
406:
401:
400:
396:Great Clearance
297:
175:
170:
168:
166:
55:
12:
11:
5:
2692:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2575:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2545:
2543:
2537:
2536:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2511:Kangxi Tongbao
2508:
2502:
2500:
2491:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2384:Boxer Protocol
2376:
2371:
2365:
2363:
2356:
2355:
2353:
2352:
2351:
2350:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2314:
2309:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2285:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2256:
2249:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2232:
2227:
2220:
2215:
2209:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2150:Forbidden City
2147:
2141:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2113:General of Ili
2110:
2100:
2099:
2098:
2096:List of ambans
2093:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2071:
2066:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1967:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1898:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1763:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1689:
1688:
1683:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1657:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1642:
1641:
1640:
1630:
1629:
1628:
1618:
1613:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1561:Margary Affair
1558:
1553:
1551:Mudan incident
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1491:Nian Rebellion
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1467:
1465:
1460:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1376:
1374:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1359:
1354:
1353:
1352:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1304:
1302:
1297:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1275:
1274:
1267:
1260:
1252:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1239:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1212:Yongle Tongbao
1209:
1207:Hongwu Tongbao
1198:
1196:
1192:
1191:
1189:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1131:
1126:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1083:Forbidden City
1079:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1062:
1055:
1048:
1041:
1034:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
1000:
999:
994:
983:
981:
977:
976:
974:
973:
971:Nine Garrisons
968:
963:
962:
961:
951:
946:
940:
938:
934:
933:
931:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
904:
903:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
872:
871:
866:
861:
850:
848:
844:
843:
840:
839:
837:
836:
831:
826:
825:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
779:
778:
777:
767:
762:
757:
755:Ordos campaign
752:
747:
741:
739:
734:
730:
729:
727:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
650:
648:
643:
639:
638:
636:
635:
630:
625:
620:
618:MingāKotte War
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
544:
542:
537:
530:
524:
523:
515:
514:
507:
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2623:Manchu people
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2589:Canton System
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2554:Hubu Guanpiao
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2204:Society &
2202:
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2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2170:Summer Palace
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2160:Mukden Palace
2158:
2156:
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2136:Palaces &
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1976:Eight Banners
1974:
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1649:20th century
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1093:Ming Xiaoling
1091:
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909:
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902:
901:Vassal prince
899:
898:
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892:
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886:Eastern Depot
884:
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879:
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867:
865:
862:
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852:
851:
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835:
832:
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829:Southern Ming
827:
823:
820:
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477:
473:
468:
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456:, p. 24.
455:
450:
444:, p. 63.
443:
438:
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259:
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230:
227:
225:
222:
221:
220:
217:
213:
210:
209:
208:
205:
201:
198:
196:
195:Southern Ming
193:
192:
191:
188:
187:
183:
182:
178:
173:
163:
158:
156:
151:
149:
144:
143:
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128:
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118:
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62:
59:
58:
54:
50:
46:
43:
42:
38:
35:
34:
30:
27:
22:
17:
2643:Treaty ports
2605:
2598:
2572:Other topics
2345:
2338:
2316:
2304:
2287:
2282:Peiwen Yunfu
2280:
2258:
2251:
2222:
1971:Beiyang Army
1953:Zongli Yamen
1809:Da-Qing Bank
1626:Red Lanterns
1279:Qing dynasty
1234:
1228:Other topics
1139:Four Masters
1064:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1036:
1029:
869:House of Zhu
822:Shanhai Pass
802:Great Plague
745:Jianzhou war
519:Ming dynasty
480:
471:
464:Bibliography
449:
442:Wakeman 1985
437:
418:Ming dynasty
409:
407:
391:Great Plague
344:Shanhai Pass
267:
184:Belligerents
90:Ming dynasty
79:Belligerents
24:Part of the
2579:Aisin Gioro
2541:Paper money
2300:Qing poetry
2021:Wuwei Corps
2016:Shuishiying
1777:Family tree
1181:Tai history
864:Family tree
775:Liaoluo Bay
709:Renyin plot
659:Tumu Crisis
474:, Routledge
2663:Categories
2247:Four Wangs
2138:mausoleums
2091:Golden Urn
2064:Inner Asia
2041:Xiang Army
2011:Hushenying
1936:Liangguang
1916:Liangjiang
1854:Lifan Yuan
1759:Government
1149:Zhe School
1103:Ming tombs
987:Inner Asia
959:Shenjiying
949:Great Wall
847:Government
454:Swope 2014
429:References
2069:Manchuria
2036:Huai Army
2026:Yong Ying
1911:Shaan-Gan
1367:High Qing
1313:Later Jin
1144:Wu School
1129:Musicians
992:Manchuria
980:Frontiers
414:Later Jin
293:Guangning
288:Zhenjiang
283:Shen-Liao
212:Later Jin
106:Li Ruzhen
85:Later Jin
66:occupied
64:Later Jin
2521:Hongqian
2490:Currency
2360:Treaties
2266:Kaozheng
2213:Booi Aha
2155:Hetu Ala
2108:Timeline
2103:Xinjiang
2074:Mongolia
2031:Chu Army
2006:New Army
1963:Military
1901:Viceroys
1195:Currency
1134:Painting
944:Military
937:Military
334:Song-Jin
314:Dalinghe
304:Ning-Jin
299:Ningyuan
200:Tungning
111:Strength
44:Location
2506:Zhiqian
2498:Coinage
2235:Economy
2206:culture
1941:Yun-Gui
1931:Min-Zhe
1926:Sichuan
1921:Huguang
1767:Emperor
1288:History
1202:Coinage
1176:Economy
1004:Vietnam
896:Princes
854:Emperor
642:Middle
528:History
422:Nurhaci
355:Related
339:Beijing
273:Xicheng
268:Tieling
263:Kaiyuan
242:Battles
132:unknown
129:unknown
119:unknown
116:unknown
102:Nurhaci
68:Tieling
49:Tieling
2120:Taiwan
1296:Early
1281:topics
1124:Poetry
1014:Yunnan
536:Early
521:topics
349:Penghu
324:LĆ¼shun
319:Wuqiao
278:Chahar
253:Qinghe
248:Fushun
60:Result
2312:Queue
2230:Dibao
2086:Tibet
1906:Zhili
1789:Amban
1186:Islam
1009:Wokou
997:Tibet
928:Fotou
797:Sarhū
733:Late
258:Sarhū
53:China
2048:Navy
1889:Ejen
1772:List
923:Tusi
859:List
416:and
408:The
329:Amur
309:Jisi
224:Shun
207:Qing
190:Ming
36:Date
2665::
229:Xi
51:,
1271:e
1264:t
1257:v
511:e
504:t
497:v
161:e
154:t
147:v
70:.
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