458:
Nurhaci arrived at Qinghe and besieged it. The defenders fired cannons and hurled logs and boulders at the enemy. Despite sustaining heavy casualties, the Jin army was able to take the northwest corner of the wall before the defenders could reload their cannons. The battle continued within the city
450:. The fortress of Qinghe was reinforced from several hundred men to a garrison force of 6,400. Yang Hao advised the commander of Qinghe, Zou Chuxian, to lay an ambush for the Jin in a nearby mountain pass with cannons. However Zou opted to stay in the fortress.
1841:
1905:
163:
2461:
1739:
2500:
982:
156:
965:
1834:
2505:
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1002:
729:
149:
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1920:
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1915:
1371:
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611:
1997:
2770:
1536:
861:
1878:
1985:
1970:
1014:
1672:
493:
to help fund training and supply costs for the
Liaodong defense. The court also put a bounty of 10,000 taels on Nurhaci's head.
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2047:
1160:
1067:
2785:
2739:
1980:
1055:
903:
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394:
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1960:
1873:
1597:
1105:
960:
1782:
1612:
775:
669:
2425:
1794:
1667:
1491:
1072:
435:
The Jin army had conquered the fortress of Fushun and defeated a Ming army 10,000 strong. After resting for a month in
2714:
2555:
2430:
1787:
1364:
604:
501:
The battle took place near the modern town of
Qinghechengzheng (ęø
ę²³åé), shortened either to Qinghecheng or Qinghe, in
2525:
1240:
2642:
1885:
1572:
1458:
795:
466:. An advance force laid siege to Shenyang but was repulsed by Li Rubai and He Shixian, suffering 230 casualties.
389:
704:
446:
After the initial Jin attack on Fushun, the Ming court assigned the military commanders Li Rubai and
Yanghao to
2226:
2092:
1860:
1607:
1546:
1516:
1506:
755:
502:
49:
2660:
2435:
2291:
1975:
1965:
1950:
1945:
1777:
1727:
1707:
1647:
1481:
1287:
1009:
2419:
2197:
2064:
1930:
1824:
1434:
1424:
1357:
1267:
1045:
913:
883:
597:
523:
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374:
222:
173:
25:
2336:
2319:
1829:
1804:
1767:
1677:
1637:
1389:
1277:
1262:
997:
629:
427:
in the summer of 1618. The battle ended with the Jin conquest of Qinghe despite taking heavy casualties.
2780:
2719:
2165:
1088:
810:
709:
846:
2729:
2448:
2377:
2170:
1702:
1627:
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1414:
1257:
1093:
1019:
790:
780:
364:
215:
2650:
2470:
2204:
2175:
1925:
1320:
1199:
1098:
785:
699:
506:
291:
1282:
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1712:
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1230:
1139:
805:
659:
379:
2775:
2627:
2515:
2396:
2221:
1439:
1167:
1115:
923:
815:
462:
The Jin army fanned out from Qinghe and took an additional 11 nearby towns, reaching as far as
347:
583:
The Great
Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of Imperial Order in Seventeenth-Century China
2701:
2560:
2520:
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2149:
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2017:
1935:
1734:
1717:
1582:
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81:
64:
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2510:
2390:
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2082:
2012:
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1602:
1303:
871:
770:
649:
239:
8:
2685:
2535:
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2407:
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1940:
1895:
1642:
1521:
1501:
1409:
1153:
992:
935:
888:
820:
674:
369:
296:
286:
203:
724:
2570:
2281:
2276:
2102:
2042:
2032:
2027:
2022:
1846:
1692:
1511:
765:
719:
679:
337:
317:
307:
302:
281:
898:
327:
261:
2580:
2575:
2550:
2495:
2490:
2413:
2361:
2266:
2097:
2002:
1900:
1799:
1762:
1687:
1617:
1587:
1541:
977:
714:
654:
276:
271:
266:
2734:
2617:
2540:
2480:
2286:
2007:
1868:
1814:
1657:
1622:
1526:
1451:
1419:
1146:
955:
918:
908:
893:
866:
851:
689:
384:
352:
342:
251:
104:
2749:
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2545:
2530:
2354:
1809:
1772:
1722:
1682:
1632:
1577:
1446:
1337:
1189:
1132:
1050:
825:
800:
459:
from street to street until the entire city was slaughtered. Zou died in combat.
399:
2612:
2485:
2251:
2214:
1662:
1652:
1592:
1313:
1308:
1184:
417:
2764:
2724:
2690:
2655:
2271:
2261:
2077:
1468:
1194:
987:
930:
332:
322:
312:
198:
2744:
2441:
2383:
2072:
2054:
1910:
1380:
970:
620:
479:
475:
424:
227:
210:
193:
86:
1029:
2680:
2401:
2122:
2117:
1225:
760:
2348:
2192:
2142:
2112:
1955:
1204:
1060:
489:
Ming's
Ministry of Revenue raised taxes three-hundredths of a tael per
232:
141:
1349:
589:
2137:
2127:
1245:
2622:
2367:
2314:
2256:
2132:
2107:
463:
447:
436:
482:
and
Liaodong. He immediately began training recruits from far off
2607:
483:
440:
98:
2331:
1890:
1110:
53:
2501:
Convention
Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet
1990:
1024:
486:, but stressed to the Ming court that he needed more time.
551:
549:
547:
545:
543:
541:
539:
2506:
Convention for the
Extension of Hong Kong Territory
536:
2762:
1906:Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations
443:set out again to take the fortress of Qinghe.
2326:Complete Classics Collection of Ancient China
2297:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
1365:
1210:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
605:
585:, vol. 1, University of California Press
574:The Military Collapse of China's Ming Dynasty
157:
1372:
1358:
612:
598:
164:
150:
1986:Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty
505:. This is not to be confused with modern
1835:Imperial Edict of the Abdication of Puyi
171:
2442:Complete Library of the Four Treasuries
1379:
619:
580:
2763:
1161:Collected Statutes of the Ming Dynasty
2740:Timeline of late anti-Qing rebellions
1981:Principles of the Constitution (1908)
1353:
593:
571:
555:
145:
1961:Ministry of Posts and Communications
416:was a military conflict between the
2709:History of Qing (People's Republic)
453:
13:
2771:Battles involving the Ming dynasty
2426:Sacred Edict of the Kangxi Emperor
1795:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910)
1788:1909 Provincial Assembly elections
1668:Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1874)
1492:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720)
478:, which marked the border between
14:
2797:
2715:Imperial hunt of the Qing dynasty
2556:Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881)
2431:Shamanism during the Qing dynasty
1583:DograāTibetan war (Sino-Sikh war)
2526:Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Peking
1842:Articles of Favourable Treatment
1598:Red Turban Rebellion (1854ā1856)
1573:Eight Trigrams uprising of 1813
1459:Revolt of the Three Feudatories
796:Japanese missions to Ming China
565:
390:Revolt of the Three Feudatories
2227:Guest House of Imperial Envoys
1517:Revolt of the Altishahr Khojas
670:Campaign against the Uriankhai
503:Benxi Manchu Autonomous County
50:Benxi Manchu Autonomous County
1:
2661:Banknotes of the Da Qing Bank
2436:Islam during the Qing dynasty
2292:Zhao Mausoleum (Qing dynasty)
1976:Provincial military commander
1966:Nine Gates Infantry Commander
1951:Imperial Household Department
1778:Preparative Constitutionalism
1482:Sino-Russian border conflicts
730:Campaigns against the Mongols
529:
430:
2786:Military history of Liaoning
2420:Researches on Manchu Origins
1825:Mongolian Revolution of 1911
1435:Transition from Ming to Qing
1425:Later Jin invasion of Joseon
1268:Covered jar with carp design
884:Transition from Ming to Qing
524:Timeline of the Qing dynasty
519:Timeline of the Ming dynasty
469:
7:
2320:Changzhou School of Thought
1830:1911 Revolution in Xinjiang
1805:Railway Protection Movement
1783:1909 Parliamentary election
1768:British expedition to Tibet
1678:Qing reconquest of Xinjiang
1638:Self-Strengthening Movement
1613:NepalāTibet War (1855ā1856)
1263:Ming presentation porcelain
862:Japanese invasions of Korea
512:
496:
10:
2802:
2720:Legacy of the Qing dynasty
1608:Miao Rebellion (1854ā1873)
1547:Miao Rebellion (1795ā1806)
1537:Battle of Ngį»c Hį»i-Äį»ng Äa
1507:Miao Rebellion (1735ā1736)
1125:Compilations and Documents
756:LuchuanāPingmian campaigns
581:Wakeman, Frederic (1985),
2730:Names of the Qing dynasty
2673:
2641:
2598:
2591:
2460:
2378:Manchu Han Imperial Feast
2305:
2237:
2158:
2063:
1859:
1750:
1708:Dungan Revolt (1895ā1896)
1703:Gongche Shangshu movement
1648:Dungan Revolt (1862ā1877)
1560:
1497:Chinese Rites controversy
1467:
1397:
1388:
1329:
1296:
1258:Chinese lacquerware table
1218:
1177:
1124:
1081:
1038:
1020:Embroidered Uniform Guard
948:
834:
781:Prince of Anhua rebellion
743:
637:
628:
365:Manchuria under Ming rule
183:
127:
114:
92:
75:
31:
23:
18:
2651:Great Qing Treasure Note
2471:Treaty of Kyakhta (1727)
2181:Administrative divisions
1998:Administrative divisions
1926:Flag of the Qing dynasty
1321:Great Ming Treasure Note
1200:Ming Ancestors Mausoleum
983:Administrative divisions
786:Prince of Ning rebellion
507:Qinghe District, Tieling
2247:Chengde Mountain Resort
2048:Three Eastern Provinces
1698:First Sino-Japanese War
1673:Northern Chinese Famine
1532:Lin Shuangwen rebellion
1430:Qing invasion of Joseon
1140:The Hundred-word Eulogy
806:Great Rites Controversy
660:Ming conquest of Yunnan
572:Swope, Kenneth (2014),
2628:Great Qing Copper Coin
2516:Convention of Tientsin
2449:Annotated Bibliography
2397:Qing official headwear
1440:Battle of Shanhai Pass
1178:Palaces and Mausoleums
1168:Ming Veritable Records
816:Luso-Chinese agreement
380:2nd invasion of Joseon
375:1st invasion of Joseon
93:Commanders and leaders
2702:Draft History of Qing
2561:Treaty of Shimonoseki
2342:performance criticism
1946:Imperial Commissioner
1936:Great Qing Legal Code
1735:Eight-Nation Alliance
1718:Third plague pandemic
1628:PuntiāHakka Clan Wars
1552:White Lotus Rebellion
1273:Yongning Temple Stele
1010:Imperial Commissioner
735:Reign of Ren and Xuan
695:Ming treasure voyages
685:Dao Ganmeng rebellion
136:Complete annihilation
128:Casualties and losses
2633:Great Qing Gold Coin
2566:Treaty of Tarbagatai
2511:Convention of Peking
2391:Pentaglot Dictionary
2373:Literary inquisition
2083:Ever Victorious Army
1916:Deliberative Council
1820:Xinhai Lhasa turmoil
1773:1905 Batang uprising
1713:Hundred Days' Reform
1603:Small Swords Society
872:Sino-Dutch conflicts
771:Rebellion of Cao Qin
700:MingāTurpan conflict
650:Red Turban Rebellion
474:Liu Ting arrived at
175:MingāQing transition
26:Ming-Qing transition
2686:Anti-Qing sentiment
2536:Treaty of the Bogue
2476:Treaty of Nerchinsk
2408:Complete Tang Poems
2088:Green Standard Army
1971:Provincial governor
1941:Imperial Clan Court
1921:Diplomatic missions
1896:Consultative Bureau
1643:Tongzhi Restoration
1522:Afaqi Khoja revolts
1502:Ten Great Campaigns
1410:Jurchen unification
1219:Society and Culture
1154:Yongle Encyclopedia
993:Imperial Clan Court
936:Kingdom of Tungning
889:Jurchen unification
821:Jiajing wokou raids
710:Battle of Palembang
675:Battle of Buir Lake
370:Jurchen unification
2571:Treaty of Tientsin
2282:Western Qing tombs
2277:Eastern Qing tombs
2103:Peking Field Force
1847:Manchu Restoration
1740:Declaration of war
1693:Jindandao incident
1512:Lhasa riot of 1750
1068:Military conquests
914:Peasant rebellions
791:Capture of Malacca
766:Defense of Beijing
680:Lin Kuan rebellion
223:Peasant rebellions
2781:Conflicts in 1618
2758:
2757:
2669:
2668:
2581:Treaty of Whampoa
2576:Treaty of Wanghia
2551:Treaty of Nanking
2521:LiāLobanov Treaty
2496:Chefoo Convention
2491:Burlingame Treaty
2362:Kangxi Dictionary
2267:Old Summer Palace
2098:Firearm Battalion
1901:Cup of Solid Gold
1855:
1854:
1800:Manchurian plague
1763:Late Qing reforms
1754:(1901–1912)
1688:Sikkim expedition
1618:Panthay Rebellion
1588:Taiping Rebellion
1564:(1801–1900)
1542:Sino-Nepalese War
1487:DzungarāQing Wars
1473:(1683–1799)
1401:(1616–1683)
1347:
1346:
1056:Gunpowder weapons
1015:Grand coordinator
978:Grand Secretariat
944:
943:
838:(1572–1683)
747:(1435–1572)
715:Battle of Kherlen
665:MingāMong Mao War
655:Wu Mian rebellion
641:(1368–1435)
409:
408:
140:
139:
103:Zou Chuxian
71:
70:
48:Qinghechengzhen,
2793:
2735:New Qing History
2618:Qianlong Tongbao
2596:
2595:
2541:Treaty of Canton
2481:Unequal treaties
2287:Fuling Mausoleum
1886:Advisory Council
1815:Wuchang Uprising
1755:
1658:Tianjin Massacre
1623:Second Opium War
1565:
1527:Sino-Burmese War
1474:
1452:Battle of Penghu
1420:Seven Grievances
1402:
1395:
1394:
1374:
1367:
1360:
1351:
1350:
1147:Huang-Ming Zuxun
919:Jiashen Incident
909:She-An Rebellion
894:Seven Grievances
867:Donglin movement
852:Bozhou rebellion
839:
748:
725:Lam Sʔn uprising
705:MingāÄįŗ”i Ngu War
690:Jingnan campaign
642:
635:
634:
614:
607:
600:
591:
590:
586:
577:
559:
553:
454:Course of battle
414:Battle of Qinghe
385:Seven Grievances
240:SheāAn Rebellion
178:
176:
166:
159:
152:
143:
142:
109:
33:
32:
19:Battle of Qinghe
16:
15:
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2800:
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2795:
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2750:Willow Palisade
2696:Chuang Guandong
2665:
2637:
2587:
2546:Treaty of Kulja
2531:Treaty of Aigun
2464:
2456:
2355:History of Ming
2307:
2301:
2239:
2233:
2159:Special regions
2154:
2093:Imperial Guards
2059:
1851:
1810:1911 Revolution
1756:
1753:
1746:
1723:Boxer Rebellion
1683:Sino-French War
1633:Amur Annexation
1578:First Opium War
1566:
1563:
1556:
1475:
1472:
1463:
1447:Great Clearance
1403:
1400:
1384:
1378:
1348:
1343:
1338:History of Ming
1325:
1292:
1214:
1190:Chaotian Palace
1173:
1133:History of Yuan
1120:
1077:
1034:
940:
840:
837:
830:
826:Single whip law
801:Ningbo incident
776:Miao rebellions
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746:
739:
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640:
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618:
568:
563:
562:
554:
537:
532:
515:
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472:
456:
433:
410:
405:
404:
400:Great Clearance
301:
179:
174:
172:
170:
105:
56:
12:
11:
5:
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2783:
2778:
2773:
2756:
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2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2705:
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2693:
2688:
2683:
2677:
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2658:
2653:
2647:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2613:Kangxi Tongbao
2610:
2604:
2602:
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2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2486:Boxer Protocol
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2473:
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2465:
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2259:
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2252:Forbidden City
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2241:
2235:
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2232:
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2230:
2229:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2215:General of Ili
2212:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2198:List of ambans
2195:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2173:
2168:
2162:
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2156:
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2153:
2152:
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2140:
2135:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
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2080:
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2069:
2067:
2061:
2060:
2058:
2057:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1865:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1850:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1759:
1757:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1732:
1731:
1730:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1663:Margary Affair
1660:
1655:
1653:Mudan incident
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1593:Nian Rebellion
1590:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1567:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1544:
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1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1478:
1476:
1471:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1455:
1454:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1406:
1404:
1399:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1377:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1354:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1333:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1317:
1316:
1314:Yongle Tongbao
1311:
1309:Hongwu Tongbao
1300:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1290:
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1280:
1275:
1270:
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1260:
1255:
1254:
1253:
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1243:
1233:
1228:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1202:
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1073:Nine Garrisons
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857:Ordos campaign
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720:MingāKotte War
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2776:1618 in China
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2725:Manchu people
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2691:Canton System
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2656:Hubu Guanpiao
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2306:Society &
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2272:Summer Palace
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2262:Mukden Palace
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2238:Palaces &
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2078:Eight Banners
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1931:Grand Council
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1751:20th century
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1561:19th century
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1195:Ming Xiaoling
1193:
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1003:Vassal prince
1001:
1000:
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988:Eastern Depot
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964:
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947:
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934:
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931:Southern Ming
929:
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922:
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917:
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905:
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558:, p. 14.
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217:
214:
213:
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209:
205:
202:
200:
199:Southern Ming
197:
196:
195:
192:
191:
187:
186:
182:
177:
167:
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160:
155:
153:
148:
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55:
51:
46:
43:
42:
38:
35:
34:
30:
27:
22:
17:
2745:Treaty ports
2707:
2700:
2674:Other topics
2447:
2440:
2418:
2406:
2389:
2384:Peiwen Yunfu
2382:
2360:
2353:
2324:
2073:Beiyang Army
2055:Zongli Yamen
1911:Da-Qing Bank
1728:Red Lanterns
1381:Qing dynasty
1336:
1330:Other topics
1241:Four Masters
1166:
1159:
1152:
1145:
1138:
1131:
971:House of Zhu
924:Shanhai Pass
904:Great Plague
847:Jianzhou war
621:Ming dynasty
582:
573:
566:Bibliography
500:
490:
488:
480:China proper
476:Shanhai Pass
473:
461:
457:
445:
434:
425:Ming dynasty
413:
411:
395:Great Plague
348:Shanhai Pass
256:
188:Belligerents
106:
87:Ming dynasty
76:Belligerents
24:Part of the
2681:Aisin Gioro
2643:Paper money
2402:Qing poetry
2123:Wuwei Corps
2118:Shuishiying
1879:Family tree
1283:Tai history
966:Family tree
877:Liaoluo Bay
811:Renyin plot
761:Tumu Crisis
576:, Routledge
39:Summer 1618
2765:Categories
2349:Four Wangs
2240:mausoleums
2193:Golden Urn
2166:Inner Asia
2143:Xiang Army
2113:Hushenying
2038:Liangguang
2018:Liangjiang
1956:Lifan Yuan
1861:Government
1251:Zhe School
1205:Ming tombs
1089:Inner Asia
1061:Shenjiying
1051:Great Wall
949:Government
556:Swope 2014
530:References
431:Background
2171:Manchuria
2138:Huai Army
2128:Yong Ying
2013:Shaan-Gan
1469:High Qing
1415:Later Jin
1246:Wu School
1231:Musicians
1094:Manchuria
1082:Frontiers
470:Aftermath
421:Later Jin
297:Guangning
292:Zhenjiang
287:Shen-Liao
216:Later Jin
82:Later Jin
65:Later Jin
2623:Hongqian
2592:Currency
2462:Treaties
2368:Kaozheng
2315:Booi Aha
2257:Hetu Ala
2210:Timeline
2205:Xinjiang
2176:Mongolia
2133:Chu Army
2108:New Army
2065:Military
2003:Viceroys
1297:Currency
1236:Painting
1046:Military
1039:Military
513:See also
497:Location
464:Shenyang
448:Liaodong
437:Hetu Ala
338:Song-Jin
318:Dalinghe
308:Ning-Jin
303:Ningyuan
204:Tungning
115:Strength
44:Location
2608:Zhiqian
2600:Coinage
2337:Economy
2308:culture
2043:Yun-Gui
2033:Min-Zhe
2028:Sichuan
2023:Huguang
1869:Emperor
1390:History
1304:Coinage
1278:Economy
1106:Vietnam
998:Princes
956:Emperor
744:Middle
630:History
484:Sichuan
441:Nurhaci
418:Jurchen
359:Related
343:Beijing
277:Xicheng
272:Tieling
267:Kaiyuan
246:Battles
120:Unknown
107:†
99:Nurhaci
67:victory
2222:Taiwan
1398:Early
1383:topics
1226:Poetry
1116:Yunnan
638:Early
623:topics
353:Penghu
328:LĆ¼shun
323:Wuqiao
282:Chahar
257:Qinghe
252:Fushun
61:Result
2414:Queue
2332:Dibao
2188:Tibet
2008:Zhili
1891:Amban
1288:Islam
1111:Wokou
1099:Tibet
1030:Fotou
899:Sarhū
835:Late
262:Sarhū
133:Heavy
123:6,400
54:China
2150:Navy
1991:Ejen
1874:List
1025:Tusi
961:List
423:and
412:The
333:Amur
313:Jisi
228:Shun
211:Qing
194:Ming
36:Date
509:.
2767::
538:^
491:mu
439:,
233:Xi
52:,
1373:e
1366:t
1359:v
613:e
606:t
599:v
165:e
158:t
151:v
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