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Gauvin to a position behind a wood fence 100 metres (330 ft) south of the fortified camp that had a ditch below it. From there, the group was able to fire upon
Wetherall's advance force. At this point, Wetherall offered terms to Brown, where he would not harm anyone if he was allowed to just pass through. Brown replied that he would allow Wetherall to pass only if the infantry laid down their arms. However, the response took too long to return and Wetherall ordered his forces to begin their assault.
107:
664:
647:
Viger, were deployed on both sides of the streams along the road, as well as the woods and buildings along the road. Meanwhile, Brown had constructed rail fences roughly 250 metres (820 ft) south of
Debartzch manor house. The Patriote picket fire wounded one Royal Regiment soldier, leading Wetherall to order the burning of the houses and barns along the road. As Wetherall continued north, the pickets retreated back to the fortified camp at Saint-Charles.
680:
breastworks. Wetherall's infantry moved forward to secure the abandoned
Patriote position at the fence. As Wetherall's units east of the road exchanged fire with the Patriotes, the small unit west of the road moved to seize a hill that dominated both the breastworks and the manor house. Within fifteen minutes of the opening shots, the hill had been taken and the guns re-situated there, able to fire directly into the Patriote positions below.
46:
417:
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Upon reaching Saint-Charles
Wetherall deployed his troops with his two cannon out front. Brown, on the other hand, had not developed a competent command structure and was unaware of the arrival of Wetherall's force. The lack of a competent Patriote command structure forced Brown to oversee everything
646:
As
Wetherall marched north, he encountered smashed bridges and Patriotes firing upon him from both sides of the Richelieu River as the road neared the shoreline. At 13:00, the column came under fire for the first time from roadside houses and barns. These skirmishers, under the command of Bonaventure
683:
A party of
Patriotes under Rodolphe Desrivières had been ordered to the rear to stop the civilians from fleeing. Desrivières had circled around the British right flank and began firing on the infantry at the fence from the woods. The British infantry attempted to storm Desrivières' position but were
601:
and as the column arrived, it was met by a group of roughly forty men which scattered upon taking sight of the
British. Wetherall then paused at Chambly, to await further instructions from Colborne. From 18 to 22 November, Wetherall waited at Chambly for orders and a break in the weather. At dusk on
606:
before stopping again at 12:00. The force paused at Saint-Hilaire, awaiting news of the northern force. At 00:00 on 24 November, news arrived of Gore's defeat. During this time at Saint-Hilaire, Colborne had sent messengers to
Wetherall ordering him to withdraw, but both messengers were intercepted
704:
Following the battle, Wetherall had all the buildings of the fortified camp burned with the exception of the
Debartzch manor house. Twenty-five Patriotes were captured and imprisoned in the church at Saint-Charles. Brown, upon reaching Saint-Denis, was relieved of his command by the victor at the
695:
that the
Patriotes had constructed, being only 1 metre (3.3 ft) high. The three companies of the Royal Regiment broke through Patriote defences at the breastworks and entered the camp. By the end of the fighting, at least 56 Patriotes lay dead and more wounded and captured while the British
679:
in reply. Brown was unhorsed by the cannon fire, and once back in the saddle, fled for Saint-Denis. Wetherall's infantry were ordered to move forward to the wooden fence. The Patriotes defensive fire forced the British infantry to lie down for protection. The Patriotes then retreated back to the
654:
Wetherall changed the disposition of his forces when he reached Brown's barricades. He placed his cannon slightly east of the road. A small unit was left to the west of the guns, and the rest was moved east of the gun position. Brown ordered a group of his men under the command of Henri-Alphonse
454:
wall stretched from the river on the western flank of Saint-Charles in towards the main road, with the manor house on its eastern flank. Neither the manor house or the breastwork supported each other. Brown smashed bridges and felled trees along the road south. Saint-Charles became the centre of
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Some Patriotes which had managed to escape the defeats fled to the United States where they re-mustered under new leadership. They would return with better arms the following year and in November 1838, the rebellion would erupt again. Government troops would return and defeat the Patriotes in a
437:
in the event of war. The Patriotes had two headquarters, one in Saint-Denis and the other in Saint-Charles. The key to the defence of Saint-Charles was a brick manor house owned by the seigneur Pierre Dominique Debartzch, which was seized on 19 November. Debartzch and his family had been taken
717:
which ended the uprising in December 1837. The government troops summarily executed some Patriotes captured at the battles, others that were captured were imprisoned awaiting their fate. Government troops burned several houses and set one entire village on fire following the battles.
651:
and at the time of Wetherall's arrival was reported to have been "attending the baking of bread" and "arranging food to be taken to the camp." Brown only became aware of Wetherall's arrival when one of the cannon fired a ball that struck the steeple of the church in Saint-Charles.
712:
Following the defeat at Saint-Charles, the 1,000-strong Patriote force at Saint-Mathias melted away. Nelson attempted to fortify Saint-Denis, but seeing failing support, departed with his lieutenants for the United States. The Patriotes suffered a second major defeat at
328:
located by rivers and the new areas were settled largely by English-speaking British immigrants. The new English-speaking immigrants reaped greater benefits than the existing French communities under the British government. Those French Canadians who were elected to the
596:
On 16 November, warrants for the arrest of the leaders of the Patriotes were issued by Sir John Colborne and at 07:00 on 18 November, a force led by Lt. Col. Wetherall departed Fort Chambly moving north towards Saint-Charles. Wetherall's force moved towards
619:. Wetherall remained at Saint-Hilaire until 25 November after his reinforcements arrived. Then, at 09:00, the column began marching north again. Wetherall's total force at this time was 406 regular infantry, 20 militia cavalry and 2 cannon.
388:. Further discontent was stimulated when two journalist supporters of Papineau were arrested and jailed after disparaging the Legislative Council in their newspapers. The ensuing riot on 21 May 1832 was quashed when the
558:
Eléazar David and a Royal Artillery detachment led by Captain John Glasgow and two 6-pounder (2.7 kg) guns. Gore was to attack the rebels from the north via Sorel, while Wetherall would attack from the south via
455:
Patriote resistance, with hundreds flocking to the site. Brown however, only had about 50 rifles to hand out to the volunteers. Brown's total force was roughly 200–250 men within the camp or on picket duty.
602:
22 November, Wetherall's force crossed the Richelieu River to its western bank and began its march north. On 23 November, Wetherall halted his force at 03:00, only moving again at daybreak as far as
709:
on 28 November. On 30 November, Wetherall arrived at Montreal with 30 Patriote prisoners. Colonel Gore would return to Saint-Denis in early December to find the town abandoned by the Patriotes.
630:. Nelson offered Brown 300 men and two cannon. Mailhot and Côté offered reinforcements. Brown turned down both offers, believing himself capable of defying the British with the forces he had.
341:
faced diminishing lands to give to their children and competed with the English for the new lands on English terms, with British bureaucracy placing immigrant claims ahead of those of the
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series of battles. Government troops would again burn entire areas, along with pillaging and raping. Of the prisoners captured in the rebellion, 25 were hanged and 58 were deported to
396:
and published a declaration of independence. The supporters of Papineau formed para-military groups and visible support was seen in Montreal and villages to the east of the city. Sir
515:
were posted. As events grew more unstable in the territory, Colborne ordered the Royal Regiment to Montreal. Following the riot in Montreal between Thomas Storrow Brown's
201:
705:
Battle of Saint-Denis, Wolfred Nelson. Wetherall remained at Saint-Charles until 27 November. His force then began the march south, dispersing an attack at the Chambly
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was called out, ending with three dead. With the parliamentary route blocked, Papineau and his allies argued for armed rebellion at an open-air meeting at
684:
forced back to the fence. During this action, Wetherall's horse was shot from underneath him. Two other officers had their horses shot from beneath them.
433:, a failed merchant from Montreal. The civil wing was organized into six sections, each representing a district and each of which could be armed as a
626:, the victorious Patriote commander at the Battle of Saint-Denis and from Élisee Mailhot and Cyrille Côté, commanders of the large Patriote force at
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As Lieutenant Colonel Wetherall marched his forces north towards Saint-Charles, he encounters smashed bridges and small arms fire from Patriotes.
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of the Royal Regiment leading three companies of the Royal Regiment, one company of the 66th Regiment and twenty Royal Montreal Cavalry under
324:
in 1791, new tracts of land were set aside for settlement by peoples other than French Canadians. The French remained predominantly on the
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by the Patriotes. After receiving the news of the defeat, Wetherall sent a messenger back to Fort Chambly ordering his reserve of one
484:
404:
and sent out warrants for arrest for suspected rebels on 16 November 1837. Papineau and other Patriote leaders fled Montreal to
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colleges as social movement was restricted by the British who monopolized commerce and government postings. The French Canadian
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of the 24th Regiment, one 12-pounder (5.4 kg) cannon with a detachment of Royal Artillery and members of the
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471:. At Colborne's disposal in Lower Canada were several British infantry regiments. At Quebec City, were the
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and a guardhouse holding prisoners of the Patriotes. Around the house, the Patriotes constructed earthen
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373:) were devastated by wheat fly, grasshopper and caterpillar infestations, reducing the food available.
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swept through the colony in the mid-1830s, brought by arriving immigrants. Additionally, farms in the
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and attack the fortified camp directly. As they charged the breastworks, they made short work of the
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Colborne planned his attack on the Patriote headquarters from two directions. He dispatched Colonel
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made up of logs and branches covered in frozen mud and turned the area into a fortified camp. The
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company of the Royal Regiment to join him. To speed their travel, the company floated down the
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The Patriotes were organized into civil and military wings. The military wing was commanded by
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As Gauvin's Patriotes fired on Wetherall's advance force, Captain John Glasgow's guns fired
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prisoner by the Patriotes who had seized the seigneury and sent the family on to
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308:. On 25 November 1837 they engaged the Patriote forces under the command of
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312:. After a two-hour battle, the Government of Lower Canada was victorious.
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Lieutenant Colonel Wetherall's forces engaged Patriotes at Saint-Charles.
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The Patriots and the People: The Rebellion of 1837 in Rural Lower Canada
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Canadian State Trials: Rebellion and Invasion in the Canadas 1837–1839
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After two hours, Wetherall ordered his three central companies to fix
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400:, commander of the military in the Canadian colonies, called out the
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1221:. Translated by Patricia Claxton. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart.
563:. Gore was the first to engage the rebels, and was defeated at the
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1270:, by Thomas Storrow Brown (contains his own account of the battle)
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Efforts by the French within the Legislative Assembly, led by
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On 24 November, Brown at Saint-Charles received offers from
503:, further elements of the 66th Regiment were garrisoned. On
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At dusk on 22 November, a force under Lieutenant Colonel
296:, British troops under the command of Lieutenant Colonel
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was fought on 25 November 1837 between the Government of
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Map showing the Lake Champlain-River Richelieu watershed
1171:
Greenwood, F. Murray & Wright, Barry, eds. (2002).
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1175:. Vol. II. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
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advanced from the south on the Patriote stronghold of
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rebels. Following the opening Patriote victory of the
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Lower Canada 1791–1840: Social Change and Nationalism
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Britain's Empire: Resistance, Repression and Revolt
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369:regions (and to a lesser extent, the area around
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527:to deploy to Montreal from their garrisons at
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320:Within twenty years of the establishment of
1240:Rebellion: The Rising in French Canada 1837
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1198:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
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54:depicting the rout of Brown's rebels.
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331:Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
386:Legislative Council of Lower Canada
13:
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542:with 300 infantry composed of two
50:A contemporary watercolour of the
14:
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1244:. Toronto: MacMillan of Canada.
696:suffered 3 dead and 18 wounded.
116:
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44:
1267:1837 and My Connection With It
592:, beginning their march north.
517:Société des Fils de la Liberté
1:
744:, pp. 4–8, 21–23, 31–32.
458:
315:
1129:Fryer, Mary Beacock (1986).
729:
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380:, the elected leader of the
345:. Furthermore, outbreaks in
7:
1102:Greenwood & Wright 2002
1090:Greenwood & Wright 2002
756:, pp. 9–11, 15–17, 43.
628:Saint-Mathias-sur-Richelieu
10:
1352:
1137:. Toronto: Dundurn Press.
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18:
1213:Ouellet, Fernand (1980).
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408:in the Richelieu valley.
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163:
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30:
1321:Battles involving Canada
927:, pp. 62–63, 78–79.
634:Arrival at Saint-Charles
19:Not to be confused with
1236:Schull, Joseph (1971).
523:, Colborne ordered the
274:Battle of Saint-Charles
52:Battle of Saint-Charles
31:Battle of Saint-Charles
1152:Gott, Richard (2011).
1133:Battlefields of Canada
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548:Royal Montreal Cavalry
533:Kingston, Upper Canada
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290:Lower Canada Rebellion
213:Lower Canada Rebellion
128:Commanders and leaders
1190:Greer, Allan (1993).
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525:24th Regiment of Foot
493:32nd Regiment of Foot
489:66th Regiment of Foot
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378:Louis-Joseph Papineau
294:Battle of Saint-Denis
164:Casualties and losses
21:Battle of St. Charles
1336:November 1837 events
1331:1837 in Lower Canada
509:Saint Lawrence River
505:Saint Helen's Island
431:Thomas Storrow Brown
310:Thomas Storrow Brown
150:406 regular infantry
139:Thomas Storrow Brown
1288: /
903:, pp. 183–184.
825:, pp. 181–183.
491:. At Montreal, the
280:, supported by the
1029:, pp. 186–87.
783:, pp. 309–10.
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511:, elements of the
495:was posted and at
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152:20 militia cavalry
90:Government victory
38:Rebellions of 1837
1326:Conflicts in 1837
1292:45.683°N 73.183°W
1163:978-1-84467-892-1
1156:. London: Verso.
1104:, pp. 14–15.
1068:, pp. 83–84.
1012:, pp. 81–83.
840:, pp. 80–83.
810:, pp. 62–63.
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278:Lower Canada
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251:Baker's Farm
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99:Belligerents
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36:Part of the
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1295: /
1066:Schull 1971
1042:Schull 1971
1010:Schull 1971
978:Schull 1971
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925:Schull 1971
838:Schull 1971
808:Schull 1971
793:Schull 1971
754:Schull 1971
742:Schull 1971
448:breastworks
440:Quebec City
406:Saint-Denis
326:seigneuries
261:Beauharnois
226:Saint-Denis
157:200–250 men
1310:Categories
1114:Fryer 1986
1054:Fryer 1986
1027:Fryer 1986
993:Fryer 1986
966:Fryer 1986
954:Greer 1993
901:Fryer 1986
889:Fryer 1986
877:Fryer 1986
865:Greer 1993
823:Fryer 1986
766:Fryer 1986
521:Doric Club
459:Government
316:Background
171:18 wounded
913:Gott 2011
781:Gott 2011
730:Citations
700:Aftermath
673:grapeshot
609:grenadier
544:companies
435:battalion
425:Patriotes
367:Richelieu
363:Chaudière
347:dysentery
343:habitants
339:habitants
256:Odelltown
159:50 rifles
122:Patriotes
689:bayonets
444:barracks
390:garrison
371:Montreal
335:Catholic
286:Patriote
154:2 cannon
145:Strength
71:Location
1283:73°11′W
1280:45°41′N
1123:Sources
659:Assault
599:Chambly
556:Captain
529:Toronto
507:in the
452:rampart
412:Prelude
402:militia
355:cholera
304:in the
292:at the
246:Lacolle
174:56 dead
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693:abatis
571:Battle
359:Beauce
351:typhus
284:, and
169:3 dead
87:Result
80:Quebec
707:ferry
617:scows
501:Sorel
1246:ISBN
1223:ISBN
1200:ISBN
1177:ISBN
1158:ISBN
1139:ISBN
675:and
531:and
499:and
485:83rd
481:79th
477:15th
365:and
353:and
272:The
63:Date
615:on
1312::
1034:^
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1147:.
203:e
196:t
189:v
23:.
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