1266:
1655:
1378:(Archaeological Service of the Dutch East Indies), often abbreviated as "OD", under Professor Dr. N.J. Kromm. Kromm is credited as the pioneer who established the organizational foundation of archaeological study in the East Indies. The object of this was to attempt to ensure that every archaeological find, discovery, exploration and study was conducted and recorded correctly and in accord with the scientific approach of modern archaeology. During Kromm's administration, numbers of journals, books and catalogues were composed and published which systematically recorded the archaeological finds in the colony. Several initial restoration works on the
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17:
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were surveyed, recorded and catalogued systematically for the first time. However, by the 19th century, the sudden surge of interest in
Javanese art had led to the looting of archaeological sites by "souvenir hunters" and thieves. This period saw the decapitation of a Buddha's head at Borobudur. Of
2339:
1902:. Goa Gajah contains a cave sanctuary and ritual bathing pools, probably served as a Hindu hermitage. The cave was rediscovered by Dutch archaeologists in 1923, but the fountains and pool were not uncovered until 1954. While Gunung Kawi is an 11th-century temple and
1159:
During the early period of archaeological discovery in
Indonesia, from the 16th to the 18th century, ancient statues, temples, ruins and other archaeological sites and artifacts were usually left intact, undisturbed by locals. This was mainly due to local taboo and
1339:
the original 504 ancient Buddha statues in
Borobudur, over 300 are damaged (mostly headless), and 43 are missing. The looted Borobudur Buddhas' heads were mostly sold abroad, ending up in private collections or acquired by Western museums such as the
1535:
of a warty pig is the earliest evidence of human settlement of the region. An adult male pig, measuring 136 cm x 54 cm, was depicted with horn-like facial warts and two handprints above its hindquarters. According to co-author
3969:
1229:; a wondrous folklore about a multitude of demons that built almost a thousand temples, and a prince who cursed a beautiful but cunning princess causing her to become a stone statue. Nevertheless, several Javanese
3387:
3979:
2677:; Oktaviana, Adhi Agus; Burhan, Basran; Hakim, Budianto; Lebe, Rustan; Zhao, Jian-xin; Sulistyarto, Priyatno Hadi; Ririmasse, Marlon; Adhityatama, Shinatria; Sumantri, Iwan; Aubert, Maxime (2021-01-01).
1715:
and Bubrah temples. The Sewu
Buddhist temple compound dates from the 8th century, while the main Hindu temple compound of Prambanan dates from the 9th century. Other nearby but separated sites including
2472:
3938:
1265:
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which sailed en route from Africa to China around 830 CE. The ship completed the outward journey, but sank on the return journey, approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) off the coast of
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2265:
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3943:
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3808:
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3778:
3773:
3172:
2442:
2878:
3898:
3873:
3788:
3768:
3718:
3688:
3384:
3984:
3863:
3335:
3928:
3813:
2591:
3903:
3683:
3430:
3070:
3783:
3698:
3693:
757:
3989:
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2232:
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around 400 BC to 100 AD and probably survived until 500 AD. The culture was named after its first discovered archaeological site, Buni village in
Babelan,
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2177:
1143:
3141:
737:
2562:
2770:
1768:. The archaeological site includes eight excavated temple sanctuaries and covers about 12 square kilometers, stretching 7.5 kilometers along the
1190:
in 1709. It was recorded that the "Redi
Borobudur" hill was besieged and the insurgents were defeated and sentenced to death by the king. In the
717:
2294:
1764:: an extensive site of Buddhist temples of red brick structure estimated to date from the 11th to 13th century CE, and linked to Srivijaya and
1075:
1478:
2938:
The Sunda
Kingdoms of West Java, From Tarumanagara to Pakuan Pajajaran with Royal Center of Bogor, Over 1000 Years of Propsperity and Glory
2674:
1537:
806:
3563:
Studies in
Indonesian Archaeology: Publication Commissioned and Financed by the Netherlands Institute for International Cultural Relations
3360:
3276:
2395:
2261:
1286:
3011:
1527:
In
January 2021, archaeologists announced the discovery of at least 45,500 years old cave art in Leang Tedongnge cave. According to the
1493:(National Archaeological Center) with authority transferred back from the Ministry of Tourism to the Ministry of Education and Culture.
3404:
2744:
2465:"Mengenal Sejarah, Seni, dan Tradisi Solo di Museum Keraton Surakarta | IndonesiaKaya.com – Eksplorasi Budaya di Zamrud Khatulistiwa"
3313:
3037:
3918:
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1172:) from the 18th century mention cases of bad luck associated with "the mountain of statues", which was actually the ruins of the
3164:
2434:
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1779:
851:
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1957:, completed in 1609. Its purpose was to control the trade in nutmeg, which at that time was only grown in the Banda Islands.
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3494:
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April 1778. This private body had the aim of promoting research in the field of arts and sciences, especially in history,
992:
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2599:
952:
3422:
3062:
2857:
1068:
1014:
3091:
ICOM '89: museums : generators of culture : reports and comments : The
International Council of Museums
4038:
3592:
3571:
3530:
3207:
2333:
972:
2513:; Black, Parbury and Allen for the Hon. East India Company 1817; reprinted in the Cambridge Library Collection, 2010
1782:: the remnants of ancient man-made canals, moats, ponds and artificial islands discovered near the northern bank of
2190:
1797:
1654:
1007:
997:
987:
982:
962:
3103:
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1841:
area in East Java: the remnant of 13th century Kutaraja, the royal capital of Singhasari centered in present-day
1540:, two other pigs that were partly preserved suggest that the wart pig was observing a fight between two of them.
1482:
1318:
2990:
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1245:
collected archaeological artifacts in their palace museums. In areas where the Hindu faith survived, especially
3838:
2185:
2006:
1367:
1024:
816:
64:
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3133:
1061:
1029:
1019:
1002:
967:
891:
861:
796:
626:
329:
152:
36:
3455:
2146:
1761:
1316:(1811 to 1816) had a personal interest in the history, culture, and the antiquity of ancient Java, writing
1270:
645:
338:
2558:
3853:
2111:: a 10th-century shipwreck discovered in 2003 offshore of Cirebon. It contains a large amount of Chinese
871:
1164:
beliefs connecting statues and ancient ruins with spirits that might cause misfortune. For example, two
1131:
The first government institution of archaeology was officially formed in 1913 with the establishment of
3668:
1942:
1805:
1689:. These three temples are located in a straight line, and are considered to have been built during the
1666:
1406:
1278:
826:
1425:(Cultural Service of Department of Education and Culture), with independent archaeological offices in
1269:
Hindu-Buddhist sculptures in the Museum of the Royal Batavian Society of Arts and Sciences (today the
3678:
2286:
1971:
mostly dating from the 17th century, when the port city was served as the Asian headquarters of the
1165:
977:
3552:
2366:
3858:
3660:
3638:
3618:
1972:
1920:
1210:
in one of the perforated stupas)". Upon returning to his palace, he fell ill and died a day later.
378:
1198:), the monument was associated with the misfortune of Prince Monconagoro, the crown prince of the
3878:
3833:
3803:
3703:
1505:
1309:
1113:
124:
3408:
3818:
3798:
3673:
2122:
1898:: the remnants of sacred sanctuary and funerary temples dated to the 9th to 11th century Hindu
1872:
1783:
1501:
1097:
20:
2387:
3948:
3883:
3848:
3763:
3753:
3713:
3015:
1513:
1398:
1105:
881:
608:
73:
27:, as one of the rare images that successfully combines aesthetic perfection and spirituality.
2057:
in Central Java. It was discovered in October 1990 in Plosokuning hamlet, Wonoboyo village,
3908:
3843:
3823:
3733:
3723:
3708:
2690:
2497:. Jakarta: PT Indo Multi Media, Museum Nasional and Indonesian Heritage Society. p. 4.
2242:
1801:
1199:
1109:
909:
672:
635:
588:
518:
488:
458:
428:
45:
2075:: a hoard of ancient gold and silver Buddhist sculptures found near the town of Sambas in
1281:, when a group of Dutch intellectuals established a scientific institution under the name
8:
3958:
3828:
3743:
3631:
1868:
1517:
1413:(Archaeological Service of the United States of Indonesia). In 1951, the organization of
727:
692:
558:
478:
348:
3305:
2694:
1202:
in 1757. In spite of a taboo against visiting the monument, "he took what is written as
1182:, the monument was a fatal factor for Mas Dana, a rebel who revolted against Pakubuwono
3540:
2721:
2678:
2576:
2540:
2354:
2237:
2138:
2116:
2086:
1968:
1690:
1509:
1489:(National Archaeological Research and Development Center). In 2012 it changed again to
1379:
1348:
1335:
1238:
1234:
1125:
932:
917:
578:
548:
468:
388:
221:
56:
4013:
3588:
3567:
3526:
3484:
3203:
2726:
2708:
2544:
2329:
2108:
1950:
1945:: the first Dutch fort built on Banda (or Bandaneira) Island, the main island of the
1876:
1858:
1769:
1598:
1497:
1441:
1359:
1233:
did collect archaeological artifacts, including Hindu-Buddhist statues. For example,
1187:
767:
747:
528:
418:
408:
368:
103:
3193:
1624:, 30 km southwest of the city of Cianjur or 6 kilometers from Lampegan station.
1257:
temples still served their original religious purposes as sacred places of worship.
3243:
2716:
2698:
2620:
2532:
2224:
2002:
1528:
1521:
1178:
1051:
927:
682:
508:
498:
191:
3093:, 15th General Conferences, 27 August-6 September 1989, The Hague, The Netherlands
1334:
came to light. This sparked a wider interest in Javanese archaeology. A number of
1135:(Archaeological Service in the Dutch East Indies) under Professor Dr. N.J. Kromm.
3478:
3391:
3197:
2094:
2076:
2072:
2054:
2013:. People and houses are preserved as they were in 1815. Sigurdsson dubbed it the
1990:
1700:
1613:
1364:
Commissie in Nederlandsch Indie voor Oudheidkundige Onderzoek van Java en Madoera
1222:
1116:
was a geographical maritime bridge between the political and cultural centers of
922:
663:
538:
438:
398:
231:
2794:
2210:
2134:
2080:
2042:
2034:
1936:
1765:
1751:
1444:
1322:, which was published in 1817. During his administration, the ancient ruins of
1226:
1121:
598:
568:
448:
271:
201:
24:
4032:
4007:
2712:
2152:
2083:
collection. Dating from 8th–9th centuries AD they were probably made in Java.
2010:
1980:
1946:
1932:
1809:
1800:: the remains of an 11th to 13th century Buddhist temple complex, located in
1605:
1532:
1242:
1161:
1117:
251:
2849:
1548:
16:
2730:
2703:
2164:
2126:
2102:
2062:
1998:
1984:
1907:
1899:
1850:
1813:
1790:. It is suggested that the site is a 9th-century settlement related to the
1674:
1631:
1627:
1572:
1554:
1391:
1340:
1313:
241:
171:
134:
4017:
1976:
1960:
1895:
1846:
1739:
1464:
Direktorat Pemeliharaan dan Pelestarian Peninggalan Sejarah dan Purbakala
1394:
1298:
1294:
1254:
1093:
358:
281:
83:
2435:"Rara Jonggrang: The Legend of Prambanan Temple, Yogyakarta – Indonesia"
2649:
1834:
1733:
1670:
1277:
Formal archaeological study in Indonesia has its roots in 18th-century
1207:
301:
3623:
3522:
Archaeology: Indonesian Perspective : R.P. Soejono's Festschrift
2982:
2952:
2820:
2771:"World's oldest painting of animals discovered in an Indonesian cave"
2325:
Archaeology: Indonesian Perspective : R.P. Soejono's Festschrift
2160:
2142:
2098:
2066:
1954:
1891:
1880:
1854:
1842:
1791:
1787:
1747:
1729:
1725:
1704:
1696:
1678:
1658:
1635:
1621:
1617:
1589:
1430:
1344:
1327:
1323:
1250:
1214:
1173:
1101:
311:
261:
211:
114:
3608:
2795:"Indonesia: Archaeologists find world's oldest animal cave painting"
2536:
2112:
1903:
1864:
1825:
1743:
1669:: the archaeological area of three Buddhist temples in the fertile
1609:
1583:
1563:
1448:
1426:
1331:
1138:
Today, the national institution of archaeology in Indonesia is the
93:
3250:. Banda Neira: Yayasan Warisan dan Budaya Banda Neira. p. 27.
2029:
2015:
1994:
1964:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1647:
1567:
1302:
1230:
181:
2058:
2050:
1838:
1699:: the archaeological area of several Hindu-Buddhist temples in
1682:
1643:
1639:
1593:
1579:
1352:
291:
1820:
2262:"Worshipping the Source: The Buddhist Goddess Prajnaparamita"
2130:
1686:
161:
1566:: one of the most important sites in the world for studying
1455:. Later, the national archaeological institution changed to
2156:
2090:
2046:
1924:
1915:
1911:
1887:
1755:
1708:
1451:, who subsequently succeeded Bernet Kemper as the chief of
1434:
1246:
1218:
1459:(Institute of Archaeology and National Heritage) or LPPN.
2745:"World's 'oldest known cave painting' found in Indonesia"
2673:
2583:
1931:, after which the park has been named. Possibly built by
1879:, that was the royal capital of the 13th to 15th century
1423:
Djawatan Kebudajaan Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudajaan
2163:
period (c. 14th century). Today it is displayed in the
3385:"A Cache of Buddhist figures from the Sambas Treasure"
2233:
List of museums and cultural institutions in Indonesia
1462:
In 1975 the LPPN was separated into two institutions:
3104:"Singasari Temple (East Java) - Temples of Indonesia"
2522:
3035:
2200:
1816:
complex, however most of other temples are in ruins.
1487:
Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Arkeologi Nasional
1477:(National Archaeological Research Center) under the
1283:
Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen
2178:
National Archaeology Research Institute (Indonesia)
1468:
Pusat Penelitian Purbakala dan Peninggalan Nasional
1776:, or mounds of temple ruins, are not yet restored.
23:has become perhaps the best known icon of ancient
3615:or National Archaeological Center (in Indonesian)
3012:"Muaro Jambi Temple: The Legacy of Ancient Jambi"
2024:
4030:
3338:. Majalah Tempo. 3 November 1990. Archived from
3236:
1845:district in Malang Regency. The sites including
1405:("OD") was nationalized by the newly recognized
1382:of Java were also conducted during this period.
3518:
3444:
3277:"Explore Jakarta Kota Tua: Today's Old Batavia"
3038:"Muarajambi Temple: Jambi's monumental mystery"
2589:
2321:
1927:, with a white circular structure known as the
1602:, nicknamed the Hobbit, was discovered in 2003.
1411:Djawatan Poerbakala Repoeblik Indonesia Serikat
1385:
3454:. National Museum of Indonesia. Archived from
2908:"Megalithic site should be preserved: Experts"
1923:: a 17th-century palace and garden located in
1485:. In 2005 the institution name was changed to
3639:
2523:Hiram W. Woodward Jr. (1979). "Acquisition".
1500:have archaeology study programmes, including
1481:. In 2000 the institution was transferred to
1069:
3584:An Introduction to Indonesian Historiography
3265:. London: Hodder & Stoughton. p. 3.
3233:Eliot, J & Jane Bickersteth (2000) p 126
3131:
2929:
2167:, the Royal Tropical Institute in Amsterdam.
2125:: a masterpiece of Javanese classical Hindu-
1824:Candi Tikus, a 14th-century bathing pool of
1634:culture that flourished in coastal northern
1466:which focussed on preservation efforts; and
3580:
3559:
3125:
2879:"Did Modern Humans Wipe Out the 'Hobbits'?"
1470:which focussed on archaeological research.
1457:Lembaga Poerbakala dan Peninggalan Nasional
1376:Oudheidkundige Dienst in Nederlandsch-Indië
1287:Royal Batavian Society of Arts and Sciences
1260:
1133:Oudheidkundige Dienst in Nederlandsch-Indië
3646:
3632:
3476:
3470:
3036:Syofiardi Bachyul Jb (November 25, 2014).
1076:
1062:
3525:(in Indonesian). Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
3397:
2720:
2702:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2328:(in Indonesian). Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
2317:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2145:. A prized item in the collection of the
1979:. It covers 1.3 square kilometres within
1812:. The most well-preserved temple are the
2409:
2254:
2028:
1819:
1653:
1547:
1473:In 1980, the institution was changed to
1358:In 1901, the colonial government of the
1264:
15:
3653:
3199:The Indianized states of Southeast Asia
3063:"S. Sumatra to hold Sriwijaya Festival"
2935:
1453:Djawatan Poerbakala Repoeblik Indonesia
1305:, and publishing the various findings.
1144:National Archaeology Research Institute
4031:
3619:World Archaeology, Category: Indonesia
3260:
3186:
3029:
2373:
2308:
1592:: the limestone cave on the island of
1124:, and is notable as a part of ancient
3627:
3405:"Belitung Wreck Details & Photos"
3328:
3242:
3192:
2596:Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan
2159:surviving in the world, dated to the
1780:Sriwijaya Kingdom Archaeological Park
1742:: the 11th to 12th century red brick
1374:June 1913, with the formation of the
1204:the knight who was captured in a cage
3497:from the original on 11 October 2013
3483:. Pictures Publishers. p. 110.
3407:. Marine Exploration. Archived from
2492:
1612:site located in Karyamukti village,
1370:. It was officially recognized on 14
1221:temple compound is connected to the
1176:Buddhist monument. According to the
3394:Khan Academy. Retrieved 2017-08-03.
3014:. 25 September 2011. Archived from
2679:"Oldest cave art found in Sulawesi"
2392:Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional
1475:Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional
1140:Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional
13:
3512:
3306:"'Pompeii of the East' discovered"
3162:
2980:
2950:
2818:
2751:. Agence France-Presse. 2021-01-13
2388:"Sejarah Pusat Arkeologi Nasional"
1707:Trimurti Hindu temple, and nearby
14:
4050:
3602:
2768:
2418:
2033:The 9th century Central Javanese
1479:Ministry of Education and Culture
4012:
4003:
4002:
3480:Krisses: a critical bibliography
3165:"Goa Gajah in Bedulu, Indonesia"
3134:"Tracing the glory of Majapahit"
2590:Ferry Ardiyanto (16 June 2014).
2462:
2264:. egregores. 25 September 2009.
2217:
2203:
2191:Indonesian Institute of Sciences
1993:: a lost village and culture on
1886:Archaeological sites of Central
1798:Padang Lawas archaeological site
1543:
1108:through almost two millennia of
1045:
55:
3433:from the original on 2017-09-11
3415:
3378:
3367:from the original on 2014-01-01
3353:
3316:from the original on 2006-12-19
3298:
3287:from the original on 2017-12-27
3269:
3254:
3227:
3216:from the original on 2017-02-21
3175:from the original on 2017-12-27
3156:
3144:from the original on 2015-02-05
3114:from the original on 2019-01-30
3096:
3084:
3073:from the original on 2016-09-20
3055:
3044:from the original on 2017-12-01
3004:
2993:from the original on 2017-12-25
2981:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage.
2974:
2963:from the original on 2017-10-10
2951:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage.
2944:
2918:from the original on 2017-12-27
2900:
2871:
2860:from the original on 2018-02-06
2842:
2831:from the original on 2017-12-26
2819:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage.
2812:
2787:
2762:
2737:
2667:
2656:from the original on 2017-09-11
2642:
2631:from the original on 2017-09-11
2613:
2598:(in Indonesian). Archived from
2565:from the original on 2014-08-12
2551:
2516:
2501:
2475:from the original on 2017-12-28
2445:from the original on 2017-12-28
2398:from the original on 2017-09-10
2342:from the original on 2017-09-10
2297:from the original on 2014-01-05
2268:from the original on 2017-09-02
2171:
2115:and important evidence of the
2053:artifacts from the 9th century
1833:Archaeological sites of former
1582:: the site of the discovery of
1483:Ministry of Culture and Tourism
1390:After the turbulent period of
1249:, archaeological sites such as
1154:
1100:that today forms the nation of
3970:British Indian Ocean Territory
3560:Stutterheim, Dr W. F. (1956).
3202:. University of Hawaii Press.
2486:
2456:
2427:
2279:
2186:National Archives of Indonesia
2025:Notable findings and artifacts
1703:, including its main site the
1196:History of the Mataram Kingdom
758:French and British interregnum
1:
3132:Sita W. Dewi (9 April 2013).
2650:"Arkeologi Universitas Jambi"
2507:Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles:
2248:
2101:. The cargo contains Chinese
1746:temple complex linked to the
3452:"Collectionː Prajnaparamita"
3069:. Palembang. June 14, 2014.
2983:"Prambanan Temple Compounds"
2953:"Borobudur Temple Compounds"
2940:. Yayasan cipta Loka Caraka.
2885:. 2016-03-30. Archived from
2850:"Java man | extinct hominid"
2147:National Museum of Indonesia
2105:gold and ceramics artifacts.
1762:Muaro Jambi Temple Compounds
1386:Republic of Indonesia period
1271:National Museum of Indonesia
646:Kingdom of Bolaang Mongondow
7:
3361:"British Museum Collection"
3336:"Warisan Saragi Diah Bunga"
2592:"Sejarah Lembaga Purbakala"
2196:
1447:graduated, one of them was
153:Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms
10:
4055:
3477:van Duuren, David (2002).
2495:Museum Nasional Guide Book
2089:: the wreck of an Arabian
2079:that now form part of the
1943:Fort Nassau, Banda Islands
1867:: a 100 square kilometres
1853:, Sumberawan stupa, Giant
1806:North Padang Lawas Regency
1697:Prambanan Temple Compounds
1667:Borobudur Temple Compounds
1496:Today, several Indonesian
1440:In 1953, two of the first
1407:United States of Indonesia
1397:(1941–45) and the ensuing
1312:, the Governor General of
1149:
827:United States of Indonesia
664:Chinese Kongsi federations
3998:
3957:
3917:
3659:
2821:"Sangiran Early Man Site"
2439:ceritarakyatnusantara.com
1975:during the heyday of the
978:Javanese historical texts
4039:Archaeology of Indonesia
3719:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
3611:Pusat Arkeologi Nasional
3519:Soejono (R. P.) (2006).
2936:Zahorka, Herwig (2007).
2575:A History of The World,
2424:Soekmono (1976), page 5.
2415:Soekmono (1976), page 4.
2322:Soejono (R. P.) (2006).
1921:Gunongan Historical Park
1693:circa 8th–9th centuries.
1586:, an early human fossil.
1529:journal Science Advances
1491:Pusat Arkeologi Nasional
1261:Dutch East Indies period
1090:archaeology of Indonesia
738:Dutch East India Company
379:Samudera Pasai Sultanate
3980:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
3423:"The Cirebon shipwreck"
2854:Encyclopedia Britannica
2559:"Borobudur Buddha head"
1506:University of Indonesia
1310:Thomas Stamford Raffles
1253:cave sanctuary and the
1166:old Javanese chronicles
3587:. Equinox Publishing.
3261:Milton, Giles (1999).
2704:10.1126/sciadv.abd4648
2137:from the 13th century
2123:Prajnaparamita of Java
2038:
1969:Dutch-style structures
1829:
1662:
1661:restoration circa 1980
1559:
1558:discovered at Sangiran
1502:Gadjah Mada University
1274:
1114:Indonesian archipelago
789:Emergence of Indonesia
28:
21:Prajnaparamita of Java
3108:candi.perpusnas.go.id
2625:Universitas Indonesia
2032:
1823:
1657:
1552:The cranial skull of
1551:
1514:Hasanuddin University
1403:Oudheidkundige Dienst
1399:Indonesian Revolution
1268:
1213:Another example: the
844:Republic of Indonesia
710:European colonization
609:Riau-Lingga Sultanate
19:
3894:United Arab Emirates
3581:Soedjatmoko (2006).
3312:. 28 February 2006.
3281:www.indonesia.travel
2602:on 11 September 2017
2493:Rosi, Adele (1998).
2287:"Maritime Silk Road"
2243:History of Indonesia
2037:, discovered in 1990
1873:Trowulan Subdistrict
1828:, discovered in 1914
1802:Padang Lawas Regency
1596:where the fossil of
1200:Yogyakarta Sultanate
1092:is the study of the
1052:Indonesia portal
673:Heshun Confederation
589:Yogyakarta Sultanate
519:Kalinyamat Sultanate
489:Sultanate of Jailolo
459:Sultanate of Ternate
172:Tarumanagara Kingdom
3921:limited recognition
3654:Archaeology of Asia
2883:National Geographic
2695:2021SciA....7.4648B
2510:The History of Java
2155:: the oldest known
1869:archaeological site
1786:in the vicinity of
1750:empire, located in
1570:fossils, including
1518:Haluoleo University
1498:public universities
1368:Dr J. L. A. Brandes
1319:The History of Java
817:National Revolution
807:Japanese occupation
693:Santiaogou Republic
559:Palembang Sultanate
479:Sultanate of Tidore
349:Peureulak Sultanate
282:Dharmasraya Kingdom
3411:on 1 October 2008.
3390:2017-08-04 at the
3263:Nathaniel's Nutmeg
2577:The British Museum
2238:Candi of Indonesia
2139:Singhasari kingdom
2117:Maritime Silk Road
2087:Belitung shipwreck
2039:
1963:: the old town of
1830:
1691:Shailendra dynasty
1663:
1560:
1510:Udayana University
1415:Djawatan Purbakala
1349:The British Museum
1275:
1273:), Batavia, c.1896
1239:Keraton Yogyakarta
1126:Maritime Silk Road
1110:documented history
1104:, stretching from
1098:archipelagic realm
896:1998–present
797:National Awakening
627:Christian kingdoms
593:1755–present
583:1745–present
579:Surakarta Sunanate
549:Kingdom of Kaimana
503:1526–present
469:Sultanate of Bacan
389:Pagaruyung Kingdom
330:Islamic sultanates
222:Shailendra Dynasty
29:
4026:
4025:
3963:other territories
3609:Official site of
3490:978-90-73187-42-9
3244:Hanna, Willard A.
2471:(in Indonesian).
2463:Kaya, Indonesia.
2394:(in Indonesian).
2109:Cirebon shipwreck
2005:from the massive
2003:pyroclastic flows
1877:Mojokerto Regency
1859:Singhasari temple
1770:Batang Hari River
1599:Homo floresiensis
1442:native Indonesian
1360:Dutch East Indies
1235:Keraton Surakarta
1086:
1085:
900:
899:
852:Liberal democracy
835:
834:
780:
779:
768:Dutch East Indies
701:
700:
654:
653:
636:Larantuka Kingdom
617:
616:
529:Mataram Sultanate
429:Cirebon Sultanate
409:Malacca Sultanate
369:Ternate Sultanate
320:
319:
302:Singhasari Empire
296:1000s–1300s
262:Kahuripan Kingdom
143:
142:
4046:
4016:
4006:
4005:
3975:Christmas Island
3661:Sovereign states
3648:
3641:
3634:
3625:
3624:
3598:
3577:
3556:
3550:
3546:
3544:
3536:
3507:
3506:
3504:
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3474:
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3448:
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3347:
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3326:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3248:Indonesian Banda
3240:
3234:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3180:
3163:Planet, Lonely.
3160:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3138:The Jakarta Post
3129:
3123:
3122:
3120:
3119:
3100:
3094:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3078:
3067:The Jakarta Post
3059:
3053:
3052:
3050:
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3033:
3027:
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3008:
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2933:
2927:
2926:
2924:
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2912:The Jakarta Post
2904:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2875:
2869:
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2809:
2807:
2806:
2791:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2781:
2769:Sawal, Ibrahim.
2766:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2741:
2735:
2734:
2724:
2706:
2683:Science Advances
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2637:
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2617:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2572:
2570:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2525:Critical Inquiry
2520:
2514:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2460:
2454:
2453:
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2348:
2347:
2319:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2302:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2258:
2227:
2225:Indonesia portal
2222:
2221:
2220:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2081:British Museum's
1630:: a prehistoric
1522:Jambi University
1417:was improved as
1373:
1292:
1185:
1179:Babad Tanah Jawi
1078:
1071:
1064:
1050:
1049:
1048:
862:Guided Democracy
848:
847:
793:
792:
714:
713:
683:Lanfang Republic
669:
668:
632:
631:
553:1600s–1926
543:1528s–1877
509:Banjar Sultanate
499:Banten Sultanate
483:1500s–1967
399:Brunei Sultanate
335:
334:
312:Majapahit Empire
212:Srivijaya Empire
192:Kalingga Kingdom
158:
157:
125:Toba catastrophe
108:94,000–12,000 BP
79:
78:
59:
49:
31:
30:
4054:
4053:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4044:
4043:
4029:
4028:
4027:
4022:
3994:
3962:
3953:
3934:Northern Cyprus
3920:
3913:
3655:
3652:
3605:
3595:
3574:
3548:
3547:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3515:
3513:Further reading
3510:
3500:
3498:
3491:
3475:
3471:
3461:
3459:
3450:
3449:
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3434:
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3403:
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3398:
3392:Wayback Machine
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2743:
2742:
2738:
2689:(3): eabd4648.
2672:
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2259:
2255:
2251:
2223:
2218:
2216:
2209:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2182:Balai Arkeologi
2174:
2095:Belitung Island
2077:West Kalimantan
2073:Sambas Treasure
2055:Mataram Kingdom
2027:
1991:Tambora culture
1837:kingdom around
1701:Prambanan Plain
1614:Cianjur Regency
1546:
1520:in Kendari and
1504:in Yogyakarta,
1419:Dinas Purbakala
1388:
1371:
1290:
1263:
1186:I, the king of
1183:
1157:
1152:
1082:
1046:
1044:
1039:
1038:
1037:
1035:
947:
939:
938:
937:
912:
902:
901:
886:1967–1998
876:1966–1967
866:1959–1966
856:1950–1959
845:
837:
836:
831:1949–1950
821:1945–1949
811:1942–1945
801:1908–1942
790:
782:
781:
776:
775:1945–1949
774:
773:1800–1942
762:1806–1816
752:1685–1824
742:1602–1799
732:1521–1677
722:1512–1850
711:
703:
702:
697:1777–1853
687:1777–1884
677:1776–1854
666:
656:
655:
629:
619:
618:
613:1824–1911
603:1814–1946
573:1725–1946
563:1659–1823
539:Johor Sultanate
533:1586–1755
523:1527–1599
513:1526–1863
493:1496–1903
473:1515–1946
463:1486–1914
453:1496–1903
443:1475–1554
439:Demak Sultanate
433:1445–1677
423:1405–1851
413:1400–1511
403:1368–1888
393:1347–1833
383:1267–1521
373:1257–1914
363:1225–1613
339:Spread of Islam
332:
322:
321:
316:1293–1527
306:1222–1292
286:1183–1347
276:1045–1221
266:1019–1045
232:Mataram Kingdom
155:
145:
144:
76:
47:
40:
12:
11:
5:
4052:
4042:
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4023:
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3616:
3604:
3603:External links
3601:
3600:
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3572:
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3509:
3508:
3489:
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3155:
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3028:
3003:
2987:whc.unesco.org
2973:
2957:whc.unesco.org
2943:
2928:
2899:
2870:
2841:
2825:whc.unesco.org
2811:
2786:
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2736:
2666:
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2612:
2582:
2550:
2537:10.1086/448048
2531:(2): 291–303.
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2211:History portal
2198:
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2150:
2135:Prajñāpāramitā
2120:
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2084:
2070:
2043:Wonoboyo Hoard
2035:Wonoboyo Hoard
2026:
2023:
2022:
2021:
1995:Sumbawa Island
1988:
1958:
1940:
1918:
1910:north east of
1884:
1862:
1818:
1817:
1795:
1777:
1766:Melayu Kingdom
1759:
1752:Kampar Regency
1737:
1694:
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1603:
1587:
1577:
1545:
1542:
1445:archaeologists
1401:(1945–49) the
1387:
1384:
1262:
1259:
1227:Roro Jonggrang
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1122:Imperial China
1112:. The ancient
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569:Siak Sultanate
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25:Indonesian art
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3944:South Ossetia
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3594:9789793780443
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3573:9789401759878
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3532:9789792624991
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3458:on 2015-01-09
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3342:on 2017-05-29
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3209:9780824803681
3205:
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3194:Cœdès, George
3189:
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3169:Lonely Planet
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3018:on 2013-06-30
3017:
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2889:on 2017-12-27
2888:
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2775:New Scientist
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2621:"Archaeology"
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2469:IndonesiaKaya
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2153:Kris of Knaud
2151:
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2036:
2031:
2019:
2017:
2012:
2011:Mount Tambora
2008:
2007:1815 eruption
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1981:North Jakarta
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1947:Banda Islands
1944:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1933:Iskandar Muda
1930:
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1810:North Sumatra
1807:
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1606:Gunung Padang
1604:
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1550:
1544:Notable sites
1541:
1539:
1534:
1533:cave painting
1530:
1525:
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1516:in Makassar,
1515:
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1420:
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1243:Mangkunegaran
1240:
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1224:
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1208:Buddha statue
1205:
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1197:
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1192:Babad Mataram
1189:
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1180:
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1163:
1162:superstitious
1147:
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1118:Ancient India
1115:
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252:Sunda Kingdom
250:
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162:Kutai Kingdom
160:
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138:
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133:
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128:
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63:
62:
58:
54:
53:
50:
44:
43:
38:
33:
32:
26:
22:
18:
3959:Dependencies
3889:Turkmenistan
3854:Saudi Arabia
3738:
3610:
3583:
3566:. Springer.
3562:
3521:
3499:. Retrieved
3479:
3472:
3460:. Retrieved
3456:the original
3446:
3435:. Retrieved
3426:
3417:
3409:the original
3399:
3380:
3369:. Retrieved
3355:
3344:. Retrieved
3340:the original
3330:
3318:. Retrieved
3309:
3300:
3289:. Retrieved
3280:
3271:
3262:
3256:
3247:
3238:
3229:
3218:. Retrieved
3198:
3188:
3177:. Retrieved
3168:
3158:
3146:. Retrieved
3137:
3127:
3116:. Retrieved
3107:
3098:
3086:
3075:. Retrieved
3066:
3057:
3046:. Retrieved
3031:
3020:. Retrieved
3016:the original
3006:
2995:. Retrieved
2986:
2976:
2965:. Retrieved
2956:
2946:
2937:
2931:
2920:. Retrieved
2911:
2902:
2891:. Retrieved
2887:the original
2882:
2873:
2862:. Retrieved
2853:
2844:
2833:. Retrieved
2824:
2814:
2803:. Retrieved
2801:. 2021-01-14
2798:
2789:
2778:. Retrieved
2774:
2764:
2753:. Retrieved
2749:the Guardian
2748:
2739:
2686:
2682:
2669:
2658:. Retrieved
2644:
2633:. Retrieved
2624:
2615:
2604:. Retrieved
2600:the original
2595:
2585:
2574:
2567:. Retrieved
2553:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2508:
2503:
2494:
2488:
2477:. Retrieved
2468:
2458:
2447:. Retrieved
2438:
2429:
2420:
2411:
2400:. Retrieved
2391:
2344:. Retrieved
2324:
2299:. Retrieved
2290:
2281:
2270:. Retrieved
2256:
2172:Institutions
2165:Tropenmuseum
2127:Buddhist art
2063:Central Java
2014:
1985:West Jakarta
1928:
1908:Tampaksiring
1900:Bali Kingdom
1890:, including
1851:Kidal temple
1814:Bahal temple
1773:
1677:, comprises
1675:Central Java
1632:clay pottery
1620:Province of
1597:
1573:Homo erectus
1571:
1555:Homo erectus
1553:
1526:
1508:in Jakarta,
1495:
1490:
1486:
1474:
1472:
1467:
1463:
1461:
1456:
1452:
1439:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1402:
1392:World War II
1389:
1380:temple ruins
1375:
1366:, headed by
1363:
1357:
1341:Tropenmuseum
1336:temple ruins
1317:
1314:British Java
1307:
1282:
1276:
1212:
1203:
1195:
1191:
1177:
1169:
1158:
1155:Early period
1139:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1089:
1087:
1034:
993:Christianity
957:
242:Bali Kingdom
135:Buni culture
113:
98:1,000,000 BP
82:
4018:Asia portal
3919:States with
3839:Philippines
3779:South Korea
3774:North Korea
3669:Afghanistan
3549:|work=
2675:Brumm, Adam
2363:|work=
2018:of the East
1977:spice trade
1961:Old Batavia
1906:complex in
1896:Gunung Kawi
1740:Muara Takus
1449:R. Soekmono
1409:in 1950 as
1395:Pacific War
1362:set up the
1299:ethnography
1295:archaeology
1255:Gunung Kawi
1094:archaeology
958:Archaeology
953:Agriculture
359:Aru Kingdom
84:Paleolithic
46:History of
3899:Uzbekistan
3874:Tajikistan
3789:Kyrgyzstan
3769:Kazakhstan
3689:Bangladesh
3679:Azerbaijan
3437:2017-09-10
3371:2017-12-27
3346:2017-09-10
3320:30 January
3291:2017-12-27
3220:2017-12-27
3179:2017-12-27
3148:5 February
3118:2019-01-30
3077:2017-12-19
3048:2017-11-19
3022:2017-11-19
2997:2017-12-27
2967:2017-12-27
2922:2017-12-27
2893:2017-12-27
2864:2018-01-12
2835:2017-12-27
2805:2021-02-24
2780:2021-02-24
2755:2021-02-24
2660:2017-09-10
2635:2017-09-10
2606:2017-09-10
2479:2017-12-27
2449:2017-12-27
2402:2017-09-10
2346:2017-09-10
2301:2017-09-11
2272:2017-09-10
2249:References
2129:; it is a
1997:buried by
1949:, part of
1835:Singhasari
1784:Musi river
1734:Ijo temple
1671:Kedu Plain
1646:, east of
1610:megalithic
1538:Adam Brumm
1524:in Jambi.
1225:legend of
1106:prehistory
1015:Mass media
892:Reform era
872:Transition
718:Portuguese
104:Flores Man
74:Prehistory
3985:Hong Kong
3939:Palestine
3864:Sri Lanka
3859:Singapore
3739:Indonesia
3613:(Arkenas)
3551:ignored (
3541:cite book
2713:2375-2548
2545:224792217
2365:ignored (
2355:cite book
2161:Majapahit
2143:East Java
2131:depiction
2099:Indonesia
2067:Prambanan
1967:contains
1955:Indonesia
1892:Goa Gajah
1881:Majapahit
1855:Dvarapala
1843:Singosari
1792:Srivijaya
1788:Palembang
1758:province.
1748:Srivijaya
1730:Banyunibo
1726:Ratu Boko
1705:Prambanan
1679:Borobudur
1659:Borobudur
1636:West Java
1622:Indonesia
1618:West Java
1590:Liang Bua
1512:in Bali,
1431:Prambanan
1345:Amsterdam
1328:Prambanan
1324:Borobudur
1251:Goa Gajah
1215:Prambanan
1174:Borobudur
1102:Indonesia
973:Education
882:New Order
650:1670–1950
640:1515–1904
226:600s–900s
216:600s–1025
206:600s–1347
196:500s–600s
186:400s-500s
176:400s–500s
129:75,000 BP
115:Neolithic
48:Indonesia
4033:Category
4008:Category
3929:Abkhazia
3879:Thailand
3834:Pakistan
3814:Mongolia
3809:Maldives
3804:Malaysia
3704:Cambodia
3495:Archived
3431:Archived
3388:Archived
3365:Archived
3314:Archived
3310:BBC News
3285:Archived
3246:(1991).
3214:Archived
3196:(1968).
3173:Archived
3142:Archived
3112:Archived
3071:Archived
3042:Archived
2991:Archived
2961:Archived
2916:Archived
2858:Archived
2829:Archived
2799:BBC News
2731:33523879
2654:Archived
2629:Archived
2569:2 August
2563:Archived
2473:Archived
2443:Archived
2396:Archived
2340:Archived
2295:Archived
2266:Archived
2197:See also
2113:Yue ware
1929:Gunongan
1904:funerary
1865:Trowulan
1826:Trowulan
1744:Buddhist
1584:Java Man
1564:Sangiran
1427:Makassar
1332:Trowulan
1231:Keratons
1223:Javanese
1194:(or the
1020:Military
998:Hinduism
988:Buddhism
983:Religion
963:Currency
946:By topic
166:350–1605
94:Java Man
65:Timeline
37:a series
35:Part of
3904:Vietnam
3819:Myanmar
3799:Lebanon
3729:Georgia
3684:Bahrain
3674:Armenia
3501:6 March
2722:7806210
2691:Bibcode
2561:. BBC.
2291:SEAArch
2065:, near
2016:Pompeii
1965:Jakarta
1883:empire.
1794:empire.
1774:menapos
1722:Sojiwan
1718:Plaosan
1713:Lumbung
1648:Jakarta
1568:hominid
1303:physics
1289:) on 24
1279:Batavia
1188:Mataram
1150:History
1096:of the
1008:Judaism
968:Economy
933:Bandung
918:Jakarta
910:Regions
748:British
728:Spanish
182:Kantoli
139:400 BCE
3949:Taiwan
3884:Turkey
3849:Russia
3784:Kuwait
3764:Jordan
3754:Israel
3714:Cyprus
3699:Brunei
3694:Bhutan
3591:
3570:
3529:
3487:
3462:17 May
3427:UNESCO
3206:
2729:
2719:
2711:
2543:
2332:
2059:Klaten
2051:silver
2047:golden
1951:Maluku
1839:Malang
1685:, and
1683:Mendut
1644:Bekasi
1640:Banten
1594:Flores
1580:Trinil
1372:
1353:London
1291:
1241:, and
1184:
39:on the
3990:Macau
3909:Yemen
3869:Syria
3844:Qatar
3824:Nepal
3759:Japan
3734:India
3724:Egypt
3709:China
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