2258:
2147:, saw the expansion of Majapahit armada into neighbouring islands in Indonesian archipelago including nearby Bali. According to Babad Arya Tabanan manuscript, in 1342 Majapahit troops led by Gajah Mada assisted by his general Arya Damar, the regent of Palembang, landed in Bali. After seven months of battles, Majapahit forces defeated the Balinese king in Bedulu (Bedahulu) in 1343. After the conquest of Bali, Majapahit distributed the governing authority of Bali among Arya Damar's younger brothers; Arya Kenceng, Arya Kutawandira, Arya Sentong and Arya Belog. Arya Kenceng led his brothers to govern Bali under Majapahit banner, he would become the ancestor of Balinese kings of Tabanan and Badung royal houses.
938:
152:
822:
1101:
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833:
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576:
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122:
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and is the major source of knowledge about it in the modern times. The incoming
Javanese nobles and priests established Majapahit-style courts in Bali. The influx led to several important developments. The marriage of prominent Balinese families along with Majapahit royalty led to the foundation of upper caste lineages of Bali. Javanese ideas especially the Majapahit tradition influenced the religion and arts of the island. The
2536:
2488:, a translation of which was sent by Cornells van Eemskerck. The letter granted the Dutch permission to trade in Bali as well as stating Bali's request to freely trade with the Dutch. This diplomatic letter of friendship and trade agreement was mistranslated as Balinese recognition of Dutch overlordship and was subsequently used by the Dutch to lay their claims to the island. Although the
2195:, but they came too late to save Kertabumi although they managed to repel the Ranawijaya's army. This event is mentioned in Jiwu and Petak inscription, where Ranawijaya claimed that he already defeated Kertabhumi and reunited Majapahit as one Kingdom. Ranawijaya ruled from 1474 to 1498 with the formal name Girindrawardhana, with Udara as his vice-regent. This event led to the war between
2211:
Hindu
Majapahit era in Java. After the fall of the empire, many Majapahit nobles, artisans and priests took refuge either in the interior mountainous region of East Java, Blambangan in eastern end of Java, or across the narrow strait to Bali. The refugees probably fled to avoid Demak's retribution for their support for Ranawijaya against Kertabhumi.
2646:. Although some members of Balinese royalties still survived, the Dutch had completely dismantled the royal institutions of Bali, destroyed the power and authority of Balinese kings and thus ended centuries of Balinese kingdoms' rule. During the Dutch East Indies period, the colonial capital of Bali and Lesser Sunda Islands was located in
972:. The presence of a Javanese queen in the Balinese court suggests that either Bali had allied with East Java, or Bali was Java's vassal; their marriage was a political arrangement to seal Bali as part of the East Javanese Mataram realm. The royal Balinese couple was the parents of the famous king of Java,
2311:
and reached northern coast of Bali. Bali was also mapped in 1512, in the chart of
Francisco Rodrigues. In Majapahit, East Java, the fall of Daha to Demak Sultanate in 1527 has prompted the refuge of Hindu nobles, priests and artisans to Bali. In 1585, the Portuguese government in Malacca sent a ship
2214:
The
Javanese Majapahit empire influenced Bali both culturally and politically. The whole court of Majapahit fled to Bali following the conquest by the Muslim rulers in 1478, in effect resulting in the transfer of the whole culture. Bali was looked on as the continuation of the Hindu Javanese culture
2210:
of Demak to attack both
Malacca and Daha. Another theory suggested that the reasons for the Demak's attacks against Majapahit was a revenge against Girindrawardhana, who had defeated Adipati Yunus' grandfather Prabu Bhre Kertabumi (Prabu Brawijaya V). The defeat of Daha under Demak marked the end of
2177:
In 1468 Prince
Kertabhumi rebelled against King Singhawikramawardhana and captured Trowulan. The usurped king moved the capital further inland to Daha (the former capital of Kadiri), effectively split Majapahit into two centres of powers; Trowulan and Daha. Singhawikramawardhana was succeeded by his
2867:
Seeking the Asian Face of Jesus: A Critical and
Comparative Study of the Practice and Theology of Christian Social Witness in Indonesia and India Between 1974 and 1996 with Special Reference to the Work of Wayan Mastra in the Protestant Christian Church of Bali and of Vinay Samuel in the Church of
757:
fighting followed by mass ritual suicide, or surrendering gracefully to the Dutch. Either way, despite some of these
Balinese royal houses still surviving, these events ended a millennium of the native Balinese independent kingdoms, as the local government changed to Dutch colonial administration,
2348:
that aspired to unite the whole of Java and also to spread
Islamic faith. In 1639 Mataram launched an invasion to Blambangan. Kingdom of Gelgel immediately supported Blambangan as a buffer against the Islamic expansion of Muslim Mataram. Blambangan surrendered in 1639, but quickly regained their
2428:
fought a succession of incessant wars among themselves, although they accorded the Dewa Agung a symbolic paramount status of Bali. This led to complicated relations amongst
Balinese rulers, as there are many kings in Bali. This situation lasted until the coming of the Dutch in the 19th century.
706:
empire in the 13th to 15th centuries. The culture, language, arts and architecture of the island was influenced by Java. Javanese influences and presences grew even stronger with the fall of the Majapahit empire in the late 15th century. After the empire fell to its Muslim vassal the
2349:
independence and rejoined Bali soon after the Mataram troops withdrew. Mataram Sultanate itself, after the death of Sultan Agung, seems to preoccupied in their internal problems, and lost interest to continue their campaign and pursue hostilities against Blambangan and Gelgel.
2186:
in following decades. This policy increased Majapahit economy and influence, but weaken Hindu - Buddha's position as the main religion, as Islam began to spread faster and freely in Java. Hindu - Buddha followers' grievance later urged Ranawijaya to defeat Kertabumi.
2475:
Although European contact had been made since 1512 and later in 1585 by the Portuguese fleet, no real presence of European power was felt in Bali as the Balinese kingdoms continued their way of life preserved since the Hindu Majapahit era. In 1597, Dutch ships with
750:
began its involvement in Bali, as it launched its campaign against the Balinese minor kingdoms one by one. By the early 20th century, the Dutch had completed their conquest of Bali as these minor kingdoms fell under their control, either by force resulting in
1035:’s realm. However, after the Jayakatwang rebellion of Gelang-gelang in 1292 that led to the death of Kertanegara and the fall of Singhasari, Java was unable to assert their rule upon Bali, and once again Balinese rulers enjoyed their independence from Java.
1015:
were widely in use in the Balinese economy. In the 12th century, King Jayapangus of northern Bali is known to have married a Chinese princess and has been immortalised through the Barong Landung art form as the effigy of the king and his Chinese consort.
1019:
After the Warmadewa dynasty, their descendant, and their link to the Javanese court, there is no continuous further detailed information found about the rulers of Bali. It seems that Bali had developed a new native dynasty quite independent from Java.
2327:
who fled from the decline of Hinduism in Java. The King become the patron of Nirartha, who carried out an extensive literary works that formed the spiritualism of Balinese Hinduism. Gelgel reached its apogee during the reign of Dalem Baturenggong, as
918:
iconography. Several carvings of stupas, stupikas (small stupas), and images of Boddhisattvas suggest that the Warmadewa dynasty was a patron of Mahayana Buddhism. Nevertheless, Hinduism was also practised in Bali during this period.
1031:: "In Śaka 'bodies-sky-suns' (1206, AD 1284) he then sent emissaries to Bali to crush it, and before long its queen was overcome and duly brought as captive before the King" (42.1). This expedition seems to have integrated Bali into
151:
995:
in Tampaksiring was made around the same period. It demonstrates a similar temple style of Java during the late Mataram period. The Warmadewa dynasty continued to rule Bali well until the 12th century with the reigns of
2512:, a produce scarce in Bali which was mainly a rice agriculture kingdom. The opening of a trading post was attempted in 1620 but failed due to local hostility. The VOC left the Bali trade to private traders, mainly
2223:. The modern Bali architecture and temples share much in common with aesthetics and style of bas-reliefs in East Javanese temples from the Majapahit golden age. Large numbers of Majapahit manuscripts, such as
2190:
In 1478, Ranawijaya's army under general Udara breached Trowulan defences and killed Kertabumi in his palace, Demak sent reinforcements under Sunan Ngudung, who later died in battle and was replaced by
2182:
in 1474, that ruled from Daha. To keep Majapahit influence and economic interest, Kertabhumi awarded Muslim merchant trading rights on the north coast of Java, an action which led to the prominence of
902:
It is not known precisely where the capital of the kingdom was during the 10th and 11th centuries, but the political, religious, and cultural centre of the kingdom may have been in the present-day
2239:, were being well-kept in royal libraries of Bali and Lombok, and provides the glimpse and valuable historical records on Majapahit. As a result of the influx of the Javanese element, historian
715:
describes as the last stronghold of Indo-Javanese culture and civilisation. The Bali Kingdom in the following centuries expanded its influence to neighboring islands and began to establish a
2413:(Balinese palace compound) and established their own government. Nevertheless, these nine kingdoms of Bali admitted Klungkung leadership, that the Dewa Agung kings of Klungkung are their
3537:
2206:
In 1498, vice regent Udara usurped Girindrawardhana and the war between Demak and Daha recede. But this delicate balance end when Udara ask help to Portugal in Malacca and led
551:
537:
523:
698:
during the Indonesian Hindu-Buddhist period, the history of the Bali Kingdom was often intertwined with and heavily influenced by its Javanese counterparts, from
3778:
1801:
3783:
3620:
783:
times (1 Million BCE to 200,000 BCE), testified by the finding of ancient tools such as hand axes in Sembiran and Trunyan villages in Bali, followed by the
3603:
3073:
2589:
rebellion against Balinese ruler of western Lombok, as a pretext to interfere and conquer Lombok. The Dutch supported the Sasak rebellion, and launched a
2597:, Lombok. By the end of November 1894, the Dutch had annihilated the Balinese positions, with thousands dead, and the Balinese surrendered or committed
895:
by Kesari are known in central Bali, which suggest conflict in the mountainous interior of the island. Sri Kesari is the first known ruler to bear the
3499:
1781:
720:
711:, a number of Hindu Majapahit courtiers, nobles, priests, and artisans found refuge on the island of Bali. As a result, Bali became what historian
723:
Bali for example expanded their influence and established a colony in the Blambangan region at the eastern tip of Java to the western part of the
2943:
2562:
tradition (plunder of shipwrecks), and slavery to impose their control on Balinese kingdoms. The Dutch East Indies army invaded northern Bali in
2340:
on easternmost Java, were united under Gelgel's suzerainty. Gelgel's influence over the still Hindu Blambangan seems to caught the attention the
1761:
2119:
2417:
among Balinese kings, and deserved the honourable titular as the king of Bali. Most of these kingdoms today formed the base and boundaries of
3625:
856:", are the first known written inscriptions in Bali and date from around the 8th century CE. Such stupikas have been found in the regency of
3642:
2642:, under the pretext of securing their opium monopoly. This event concluded the Dutch conquest over Bali, and by then it had become a Dutch
1850:
860:, and the villages of Pejeng, Tatiapi, and Blahbatuh. The bell-shaped stupikas bear resemblances to the style of the 8th-century stupas of
2855:
Marwati Djoenoed Poesponegoro dan Nugroho Notosusanto. Sejarah Nasional Indonesia. Jilid II. Cetakan V. (PN. Balai Pustaka, Jakarta, 1984)
3718:
2590:
887:
Beach. It is the oldest inscription found in Bali that names the ruler who issued it. The pillar is dated 914 CE according to the Indian
2567:
2563:
2446:
2442:
2438:
3608:
2170:. Following Hayam Wuruk's death in 1389, Majapahit entered a steady period of decline with conflict over succession, among other was
3066:
3788:
671:
spanning from the early 10th to early 20th centuries, Balinese kingdoms demonstrated sophisticated Balinese court culture where
2319:
By the 16th century, the Puri (Balinese court) of Gelgel become a powerful polity in the region. The successor of Dewa Ketut,
2257:
1895:
828:
which contains Buddhist votive tablets, 8th-century Bali. The bell-shaped stupas are similar to Central Javanese Buddhist art
2036:
3059:
2819:
Pararaton, p. 40, " .... bhre Kertabhumi ..... bhre prabhu sang mokta ring kadaton i saka sunyanora-yuganing-wong, 1400".
1996:
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3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
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3728:
3723:
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After 1651 the Gelgel kingdom began to break up due to internal conflicts. In 1686 a new royal seat was established in
2112:
2058:
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and they began to covet the island. The Dutch used the pretext of eradicating opium smuggling, arms running, Balinese
3043:
2804:
2635:
2615:
2571:
2454:
2450:
2016:
468:
3793:
2051:
2041:
2031:
2026:
2006:
906:, inferred from the concentration of archaeological finds in this area. The stone cave temple and bathing place of
2284:, close to the old royal centre Bedulu. This event took place in the mid-14th century. The first Samprangan ruler
3379:
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1860:
1108:
2105:
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2011:
1935:
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to establish a fort and a trading post in Bali, but the mission failed as ship foundered on the reef of the
1689:
1382:
156:
The maximum extent of Balinese Kingdom of Gelgel in the mid-16th century. The territory covers Blambangan (
2373:, were however unable to maintain power over Bali. The island was in fact split into nine minor kingdoms;
132:
A merchant flag attributed to Bali, shown in European sources from the 18th century, also with six stripes
2140:
1915:
1027:
launched a military offensive expedition against the Balinese ruler. According to the Javanese chronicle
3224:
2738:
1870:
844:
The historical period in Bali started in c. 8th century, marked by the discovery of inscribed Buddhist
861:
2485:
2021:
964:
from East Java. Mahendradatta was the daughter of King Sri Makutawangsawarddhana and sister of King
3713:
3637:
3369:
2664:
2489:
2425:
2285:
2001:
1422:
1023:
In the late 13th century, Bali once again appeared in Javanese sources. In 1284, the Javanese king
2932:
passing the island of 'Balle', on whose heights the nau Sabaia, of Francisco Serrão, was lost. ..
2341:
2240:
1168:
1009:
712:
3647:
2555:
2207:
3013:
2999:
2719:
2603:
ritual suicide. Lombok and Karangasem became part of the Dutch East Indies. Soon the court of
2243:
states that Bali "soon became the last stronghold of Indo-Javanese culture and civilisation."
937:
3411:
3364:
2292:, succeeded to the rulership but turned out to be an incompetent ruler. His youngest brother
1925:
1652:
1117:
1038:
The Javanese contacts led to a deep impact on the language of Bali which was impacted by the
800:
763:
676:
528:
3664:
3654:
3527:
3509:
3446:
3374:
3344:
3234:
3209:
3199:
2954:
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The first European contact with Bali was made in 1512, when a Portuguese expedition led by
1953:
1716:
1679:
1632:
1562:
1532:
1502:
1472:
1089:
892:
876:
657:
451:
357:
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in Gianyar, was made around the same period. It shows a combination of Buddhist and Hindu
8:
3659:
3613:
3451:
3441:
3436:
3401:
3354:
2477:
1771:
1736:
1602:
1522:
1392:
821:
688:
492:
32:
2304:
121:
3687:
3679:
3669:
3494:
3479:
3359:
3229:
3158:
3103:
2414:
2382:
2320:
2308:
2196:
2162:) as places under Majapahit dominion. The Majapahit capital in Bali was established at
1976:
1961:
1622:
1592:
1512:
1432:
1265:
988:
945:
796:
728:
615:
416:
157:
1100:
694:
Because of its proximity and close cultural relations with the neighbouring island of
3532:
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3349:
3329:
3288:
3219:
3214:
3039:
2800:
2551:
2345:
2252:
2220:
2216:
2167:
1811:
1791:
1572:
1462:
1452:
1412:
1147:
977:
953:
896:
816:
747:
736:
672:
628:
569:
369:
319:
296:
288:
234:
215:
47:
2935:
3692:
3421:
3324:
3194:
3128:
3031:
2689:
2459:
2366:
2289:
2228:
2179:
2095:
1971:
1726:
1552:
1542:
1235:
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title, which was used by rulers for several generations before Javanese expansion.
880:
837:
455:
266:
2784:. Center for South and Southeast Asian Studies, University of Michigan. p. 3.
2735:
Monumental Bali: Introduction to Balinese Archaeology & Guide to the Monuments
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3339:
3334:
3204:
3153:
3143:
2659:
2313:
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in 1365, mentioned several places in Bali; Bedahulu and Lwa Gajah (identified as
2151:
1966:
1707:
1582:
1482:
1442:
1275:
1028:
969:
928:
903:
845:
788:
708:
699:
665:
542:
308:
173:
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However, the Dutch indifference to Bali totally changed in the 19th century, as
948:
shrines demonstrate similar temple style of Java during the late Mataram period.
3630:
3598:
3590:
3522:
3314:
3273:
3148:
3133:
3113:
2594:
2497:
2369:, four kilometres north of Gelgel. The rulers of Klungkung, known by the title
1642:
1612:
1492:
1315:
1245:
961:
271:
261:
256:
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MB. Rahimsyah. Legenda dan Sejarah Lengkap Walisongo. (Amanah, Surabaya, tth)
2300:
2276:
kingdom of Majapahit was followed by the installation of a vassal dynasty in
2137:
1295:
1039:
957:
888:
759:
239:
2883:
Sari to Sarong: Five Hundred Years of Indian and Indonesian Textile Exchange
2782:
Introduction to Old Javanese Language and Literature: A Kawi Prose Anthology
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3178:
2643:
1215:
1178:
1043:
965:
884:
633:
334:
179:
70:
66:
2914:. Denpasar: Dinas Pendidkan dan Kebudayaan Propinsi Daerah Tingkat I Bali.
237:(official, court language, high literature, lingua franca, administration)
3431:
3426:
3319:
3263:
2707:
2669:
2509:
2508:, it took little interest in Bali, as the VOC was more interested in the
2296:
founded a new royal seat in Gelgel while Samprangan lapsed in obscurity.
2293:
2266:
2200:
2192:
2155:
1402:
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and other Buddhist temples dating from that period, which suggested the
3547:
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3393:
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2539:
2370:
2337:
2277:
2171:
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2144:
1345:
1032:
1001:
872:
link to Buddhist pilgrims or inhabitants in the early history of Bali.
804:
784:
394:
338:
209:
2323:, reigned in the mid-16th century. He received a Javanese sage called
3298:
3168:
3138:
3123:
2898:
The History and Culture of the Indian People: The struggle for empire
2647:
2639:
2627:
2574:
the Dutch were able to take control of the northern Bali kingdoms of
2543:
2535:
2480:
arrived in Bali. A second Dutch expedition appeared in 1601, that of
2418:
2374:
2232:
2159:
2133:
1355:
1305:
1255:
1158:
1055:
997:
973:
932:
907:
869:
865:
792:
703:
661:
608:
594:
556:
472:
221:
183:
2409:. These minor kingdoms developed their own dynasty, built their own
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3461:
3293:
3118:
2579:
2575:
2464:
2406:
2378:
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manuscript (composed in 18th century), the conquest of Bali by the
1137:
1068:
915:
668:
649:
646:
330:
243:
89:
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also accepted Dutch suzerainty, but southern Bali kept resisting.
1071:, Bali, demonstrates the typical Majapahit red brick architecture.
3570:
3268:
3248:
2928:. Coimbra: Universidade de Coimbra Biblioteca Geral. p. 288.
2623:
2608:
2599:
2505:
2493:
2398:
2394:
2333:
1225:
857:
853:
848:
clay tablets. These Buddhist votive tablets, found in small clay
825:
753:
724:
303:
161:
3580:
3575:
3283:
2619:
2604:
2402:
2390:
2386:
2329:
1335:
952:
In the second half of the 10th century, Bali was ruled by King
732:
716:
202:
2752:(Nãgarakṛtagãma) by Mpu Prapanca. (Leiden: KITLV Press), p. 55
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tradition (plunder of shipwrecks). Finally in 1908, the Dutch
3555:
3489:
3416:
3278:
2586:
2529:
2525:
2521:
2513:
2270:
1205:
1005:
849:
680:
642:
3484:
3088:
2517:
2501:
911:
731:
established their colonial settlements in western parts of
695:
684:
653:
601:
326:
128:
787:
period (200,000–3,000 BCE). However, the ancestors of the
2484:. On this occasion, the Dalem of Gelgel sent a letter to
840:
in Sanur (914), one of the earliest inscription in Bali
2828:
See also: Hasan Djafar, Girindrawardhana, 1978, p. 50.
2799:(2nd ed.). Stanford University Press/Macmillans.
791:
reached the island around 3,000 to 600 BCE during the
746:
Since the mid-19th century, the colonial state of the
1046:. The language is still used in Bali though is rare.
807:
period followed, from around 600 BCE to 800 CE.
652:
that once ruled some parts of the volcanic island of
2895:
2837:
Poesponegoro & Notosusanto (1990), pp. 448–451.
2737:. Berkeley, Singapore: Periplus Editions. p. 35-36
2764:
2261:The gate in Gelgel, the old royal capital of Bali
673:native elements of spirit and ancestral reverence
3705:
2870:. Oxford Centre for Mission Studies. p. 21.
976:(1001–late 1040s). Airlangga's younger brothers
38:
2467:killing himself with 400 followers, in an 1849
3779:States and territories established in the 910s
3081:
2524:and occasionally Dutch, who mainly dealt with
189:
3784:States and territories disestablished in 1908
3067:
2779:
2113:
883:inscription found near the southern strip of
687:intermediary—flourished, enriched and shaped
53:
2885:. National Gallery of Australia. p. 26.
2880:
2352:
95:
76:
2797:A history of modern Indonesia since c. 1300
2760:
2758:
3074:
3060:
2969:
2947:
2447:Dutch intervention in Northern Bali (1849)
2443:Dutch intervention in Northern Bali (1848)
2439:Dutch intervention in Northern Bali (1846)
2143:and her able and ambitious Prime Minister
2120:
2106:
758:and later to the provincial government of
150:
2769:. Princeton University Press. p. 18.
2361:Map of Balinese nine kingdoms, circa 1900
875:In the early 10th century, a king called
2978:Pengantar Sejarah Kebudayaan Indonesia 3
2955:"Mataram, Historical kingdom, Indonesia"
2923:
2864:
2794:
2755:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2534:
2458:
2356:
2256:
1059:
1008:were also important during this period.
936:
831:
820:
779:Bali has been inhabited by humans since
2788:
2767:The Language of Balinese Shadow Theater
2432:
2288:sired three sons. Of these the eldest,
3706:
2831:
2630:, again under the pretext of Balinese
3055:
2696:
2618:against the southern Bali kingdom of
2203:, were the descendant of Kertabhumi.
16:Series of kingdoms in Bali, Indonesia
3001:The rough guide to Bali & Lombok
2975:
2246:
3003:by Lesley Reader, Lucy Ridout p.298
2721:Archaeology: Indonesian perspective
1049:
13:
3719:Hindu Buddhist states in Indonesia
2934:" - from Antonio de Abreu, and in
1004:(1178–81). Contacts with imperial
14:
3805:
2900:. Allen & Unwin. p. 755.
2455:Dutch intervention in Bali (1908)
2451:Dutch intervention in Bali (1906)
3017:Lesley Reader, Lucy Ridout p.496
2912:Babad Dalem; Teks dan terjemahan
2089:
1099:
922:
810:
574:
549:
535:
521:
490:Native silver coins and Chinese
120:
3007:
2993:
2984:
2917:
2904:
2889:
2874:
2858:
2849:
2840:
2822:
2795:Ricklefs, Merle Calvin (1993).
2748:Stuart Robson (transl.) (1995)
2154:, composed during the reign of
3789:1908 disestablishments in Asia
2813:
2773:
2742:
2727:
2713:
2682:
2626:, and weakened the kingdom of
1802:French and British interregnum
1:
3025:
2910:I Wayan Warna et al. (1986),
2614:In 1906 the Dutch launched a
2199:and Daha, since Demak ruler,
984:rose to the Balinese throne.
862:Central Javanese Buddhist art
774:
378:• c. early 11th century
2585:In 1894, the Dutch used the
2424:In following centuries, the
1690:Kingdom of Bolaang Mongondow
789:current Balinese inhabitants
365:• c. late 10th century
7:
2733:A.J. Bernet Kempers (1991)
2653:
2496:) — was very active in the
2141:Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi
1197:Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms
424:• c. 1903-1908 (last)
10:
3810:
3082:Former states in Indonesia
2593:against Balinese court in
2492:— centred in Batavia (now
2436:
2250:
1871:United States of Indonesia
1708:Chinese Kongsi federations
1053:
926:
814:
769:
54:
3774:20th century in Indonesia
3769:19th century in Indonesia
3764:18th century in Indonesia
3759:17th century in Indonesia
3754:16th century in Indonesia
3749:15th century in Indonesia
3744:14th century in Indonesia
3739:13th century in Indonesia
3734:12th century in Indonesia
3729:11th century in Indonesia
3724:10th century in Indonesia
3678:
3589:
3546:
3508:
3460:
3392:
3307:
3256:
3247:
3187:
3096:
3087:
2957:. Encyclopædia Britannica
2896:Rajesh Chandra Majumdar.
2723:Truman Simanjuntak p. 163
2353:The nine kingdoms of Bali
2219:also affected the spoken
2022:Javanese historical texts
795:period, characterised by
590:
500:
486:
482:
465:
448:
444:
436:
432:
422:
410:
400:
388:
376:
363:
351:
347:
325:
315:
302:
280:
230:
196:
169:
160:) to the western part of
149:
145:("Glorious Bali Island!")
137:
117:
112:
96:
88:
77:
65:
46:
31:
23:
2924:Cortesão, Jaime (1975).
2675:
2665:List of monarchs of Bali
2286:Sri Aji Kresna Kepakisan
1782:Dutch East India Company
1423:Samudera Pasai Sultanate
1067:("Majapahit Temple") in
893:Three other inscriptions
702:(c. 9th century) to the
3794:Medieval Hindu kingdoms
3038:. Periplus, Singapore.
2980:. Kanisius. p. 62.
2765:Mary Sabine Zurbuchen.
2650:on the northern coast.
2241:Ramesh Chandra Majumdar
797:rice-growing technology
713:Ramesh Chandra Majumdar
2556:Indonesian archipelago
2552:Dutch colonial control
2547:
2472:
2362:
2262:
1833:Emergence of Indonesia
1072:
949:
841:
829:
801:Austronesian languages
353:• c. 914 (first)
224:(Nine Kingdoms period)
39:
2638:against the court of
2538:
2462:
2421:(regencies) of Bali.
2360:
2260:
1888:Republic of Indonesia
1754:European colonization
1653:Riau-Lingga Sultanate
1063:
1054:Further information:
1010:Chinese coins called
940:
927:Further information:
835:
824:
764:Republic of Indonesia
743:in the later period.
529:Prehistoric Indonesia
461:13 or 27 February 914
231:Common languages
3510:Lesser Sunda Islands
2938:and Antonio Galvão (
2926:Esparsos, Volume III
2636:launched an invasion
2554:expanded across the
2482:Jacob van Heemskerck
2433:Foreign intervention
2096:Indonesia portal
1717:Heshun Confederation
1633:Yogyakarta Sultanate
1563:Kalinyamat Sultanate
1533:Sultanate of Jailolo
1503:Sultanate of Ternate
1216:Tarumanagara Kingdom
877:Sri Kesari Warmadewa
664:. With a history of
658:Lesser Sunda Islands
452:Sri Kesari Warmadewa
412:• c. 1520-1558
358:Śrī Kesarī Warmadewa
190:Nine Kingdoms period
2780:Mary S. Zurbuchen.
2690:"Indonesia stati 2"
2616:military expedition
2591:military expedition
2478:Cornelis de Houtman
2280:in the present-day
2136:under the reign of
1861:National Revolution
1851:Japanese occupation
1737:Santiaogou Republic
1603:Palembang Sultanate
1523:Sultanate of Tidore
1393:Peureulak Sultanate
1326:Dharmasraya Kingdom
625:Kingdomship of Bali
428:Dewa Agung Jambé II
372:(Udayana the Great)
205:(Warmadewa period)
141: ᬩᬮᬶ ᬤ᭄ᬯᬶᬧ ᬚᬬ!
2881:Robyn J. Maxwell.
2548:
2473:
2415:primus inter pares
2363:
2321:Dalem Baturenggong
2309:Portuguese Malacca
2263:
2197:Sultanate of Demak
1940:1998–present
1841:National Awakening
1671:Christian kingdoms
1637:1755–present
1627:1745–present
1623:Surakarta Sunanate
1593:Kingdom of Kaimana
1547:1526–present
1513:Sultanate of Bacan
1433:Pagaruyung Kingdom
1374:Islamic sultanates
1266:Shailendra Dynasty
1073:
962:the Isyana dynasty
950:
852:figurines called "
842:
830:
729:Karangasem Kingdom
641:) was a series of
616:West Nusa Tenggara
496:coins (pis bolong)
417:Dalém Baturénggong
212:(Majapahit period)
143:"Bali Dwipa Jaya!"
3701:
3700:
3388:
3387:
3243:
3242:
2570:, and finally in
2471:against the Dutch
2265:According to the
2253:Gelgel, Indonesia
2247:Kingdom of Gelgel
2221:Balinese language
2217:Javanese language
2130:
2129:
1944:
1943:
1896:Liberal democracy
1879:
1878:
1824:
1823:
1812:Dutch East Indies
1745:
1744:
1698:
1697:
1680:Larantuka Kingdom
1661:
1660:
1573:Mataram Sultanate
1473:Cirebon Sultanate
1453:Malacca Sultanate
1413:Ternate Sultanate
1364:
1363:
1346:Singhasari Empire
1340:1000s–1300s
1306:Kahuripan Kingdom
1187:
1186:
954:Udayana Warmadewa
817:Warmadewa dynasty
748:Dutch East Indies
737:Klungkung kingdom
636:
621:
620:
586:
585:
582:
581:
570:Dutch East Indies
562:
561:
370:Udayana Warmadewa
320:Absolute monarchy
107:
106:
3801:
3651:
3634:
3617:
3538:Solor Watan Lema
3422:Lanfang Republic
3254:
3253:
3094:
3093:
3076:
3069:
3062:
3053:
3052:
3032:Willard A. Hanna
3019:
3011:
3005:
2997:
2991:
2988:
2982:
2981:
2973:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2962:
2951:
2945:
2929:
2921:
2915:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2878:
2872:
2871:
2862:
2856:
2853:
2847:
2844:
2838:
2835:
2829:
2826:
2820:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2792:
2786:
2785:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2762:
2753:
2746:
2740:
2731:
2725:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2694:
2693:
2686:
2426:various kingdoms
2305:Francisco Serrão
2290:Dalem Samprangan
2174:(1404 to 1406).
2150:Canto 14 of the
2122:
2115:
2108:
2094:
2093:
2092:
1906:Guided Democracy
1892:
1891:
1837:
1836:
1758:
1757:
1727:Lanfang Republic
1713:
1712:
1676:
1675:
1597:1600s–1926
1587:1528s–1877
1553:Banjar Sultanate
1543:Banten Sultanate
1527:1500s–1967
1443:Brunei Sultanate
1379:
1378:
1356:Majapahit Empire
1256:Srivijaya Empire
1236:Kalingga Kingdom
1202:
1201:
1169:Toba catastrophe
1152:94,000–12,000 BP
1123:
1122:
1103:
1093:
1075:
1074:
1050:Majapahit period
960:, a princess of
881:Belanjong pillar
838:Belanjong pillar
689:Balinese culture
683:through ancient
677:Hindu influences
632:
578:
577:
566:
565:
553:
552:
539:
538:
525:
524:
518:
517:
502:
501:
456:Belanjong pillar
297:Mahāyāna Budhism
184:Majapahit Empire
154:
124:
99:
98:
80:
79:
57:
56:
42:
29:
28:
21:
20:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3714:History of Bali
3704:
3703:
3702:
3697:
3674:
3645:
3628:
3611:
3585:
3542:
3504:
3456:
3384:
3303:
3239:
3225:Sumedang Larang
3183:
3083:
3080:
3036:Bali Chronicles
3028:
3023:
3022:
3015:Bali and Lombok
3012:
3008:
2998:
2994:
2989:
2985:
2974:
2970:
2960:
2958:
2953:
2952:
2948:
2940:Décadas da Ásia
2922:
2918:
2909:
2905:
2894:
2890:
2879:
2875:
2863:
2859:
2854:
2850:
2845:
2841:
2836:
2832:
2827:
2823:
2818:
2814:
2807:
2793:
2789:
2778:
2774:
2763:
2756:
2747:
2743:
2732:
2728:
2718:
2714:
2706:
2697:
2688:
2687:
2683:
2678:
2660:History of Bali
2656:
2457:
2437:Main articles:
2435:
2355:
2314:Bukit peninsula
2282:Gianyar regency
2255:
2249:
2237:Tantu Pagelaran
2225:Nagarakretagama
2184:Demak Sultanate
2152:Nagarakretagama
2126:
2090:
2088:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2079:
1991:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1956:
1946:
1945:
1930:1967–1998
1920:1966–1967
1910:1959–1966
1900:1950–1959
1889:
1881:
1880:
1875:1949–1950
1865:1945–1949
1855:1942–1945
1845:1908–1942
1834:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1819:1945–1949
1818:
1817:1800–1942
1806:1806–1816
1796:1685–1824
1786:1602–1799
1776:1521–1677
1766:1512–1850
1755:
1747:
1746:
1741:1777–1853
1731:1777–1884
1721:1776–1854
1710:
1700:
1699:
1673:
1663:
1662:
1657:1824–1911
1647:1814–1946
1617:1725–1946
1607:1659–1823
1583:Johor Sultanate
1577:1586–1755
1567:1527–1599
1557:1526–1863
1537:1496–1903
1517:1515–1946
1507:1486–1914
1497:1496–1903
1487:1475–1554
1483:Demak Sultanate
1477:1445–1677
1467:1405–1851
1457:1400–1511
1447:1368–1888
1437:1347–1833
1427:1267–1521
1417:1257–1914
1407:1225–1613
1383:Spread of Islam
1376:
1366:
1365:
1360:1293–1527
1350:1222–1292
1330:1183–1347
1320:1045–1221
1310:1019–1045
1276:Mataram Kingdom
1199:
1189:
1188:
1120:
1091:
1084:
1058:
1052:
970:Mataram Kingdom
956:and his queen,
935:
929:Mataram Kingdom
925:
904:Gianyar Regency
819:
813:
777:
772:
709:Demak Sultanate
666:native Balinese
631:: ᭚ᬓᭂᬭᬚ᭡ᬦ᭄ᬩᬮᬶ;
611:
604:
597:
575:
550:
543:Mataram Kingdom
536:
522:
475:
458:
425:
413:
403:
402:• c. 1343
391:
390:• c. 1180
379:
366:
354:
295:
291:
287:
285:State religion:
276:
253:
252:
247:
238:
218:(Gelgel period)
206:
188:
186:
178:
176:
174:Sovereign state
165:
144:
142:
133:
131:
126:
125:
108:
100:
81:
58:
26:
25:Kingdom of Bali
17:
12:
11:
5:
3807:
3797:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3684:
3682:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3640:
3635:
3623:
3618:
3606:
3601:
3595:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3552:
3550:
3544:
3543:
3541:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3514:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3466:
3464:
3458:
3457:
3455:
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3398:
3396:
3390:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3370:Samudera Pasai
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3260:
3258:
3257:Hindu/Buddhist
3251:
3245:
3244:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3100:
3098:
3097:Hindu/Buddhist
3091:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3078:
3071:
3064:
3056:
3048:
3047:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3006:
2992:
2983:
2968:
2946:
2936:João de Barros
2916:
2903:
2888:
2873:
2865:Chris Sugden.
2857:
2848:
2839:
2830:
2821:
2812:
2805:
2787:
2772:
2754:
2741:
2726:
2712:
2695:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2655:
2652:
2498:Maluku Islands
2486:Prince Maurits
2434:
2431:
2354:
2351:
2251:Main article:
2248:
2245:
2132:In East Java,
2128:
2127:
2125:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2085:
2084:
2077:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1932:
1931:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1821:
1816:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1804:
1798:
1797:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1711:
1706:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1682:
1674:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1643:Deli Sultanate
1639:
1638:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1615:
1613:Siak Sultanate
1609:
1608:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1555:
1549:
1548:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1493:Aceh Sultanate
1489:
1488:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1463:Sulu Sultanate
1459:
1458:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1439:
1438:
1435:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1397:840–1292
1395:
1389:
1388:
1387:800–1600
1385:
1377:
1372:
1371:
1368:
1367:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1342:
1341:
1338:
1336:Pannai Kingdom
1332:
1331:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1316:Kediri Kingdom
1312:
1311:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1300:932–1579
1298:
1292:
1291:
1290:914–1908
1288:
1282:
1281:
1280:716–1016
1278:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1246:Melayu Kingdom
1242:
1241:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1200:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1154:
1153:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1121:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1105:
1104:
1096:
1095:
1086:
1085:
1078:
1065:Pura Maospahit
1051:
1048:
1000:(1146–50) and
924:
921:
815:Main article:
812:
809:
776:
773:
771:
768:
727:island, while
721:Gelgel Kingdom
679:—adopted from
675:combined with
619:
618:
592:
588:
587:
584:
583:
580:
579:
572:
563:
560:
559:
554:
546:
545:
540:
532:
531:
526:
514:
513:
508:
498:
497:
488:
484:
483:
480:
479:
476:
469:Dutch invasion
466:
463:
462:
459:
449:
446:
445:
442:
441:
438:
434:
433:
430:
429:
426:
423:
420:
419:
414:
411:
408:
407:
406:Aŕya Kénceng
404:
401:
398:
397:
392:
389:
386:
385:
380:
377:
374:
373:
367:
364:
361:
360:
355:
352:
349:
348:
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3054:
3050:
3045:
3044:0-7946-0272-X
3041:
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3029:
3018:
3016:
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2806:9780804721950
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2326:
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2306:
2302:
2301:Antonio Abreu
2297:
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2268:
2259:
2254:
2244:
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2238:
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2218:
2212:
2209:
2208:Adipati Yunus
2204:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2188:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2148:
2146:
2142:
2139:
2138:queen regnant
2135:
2123:
2118:
2116:
2111:
2109:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2097:
2087:
2086:
2080:
2075:
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2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
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2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1987:
1986:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1949:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1923:
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1917:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1907:
1904:
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1400:
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1384:
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1370:
1369:
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1339:
1337:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1297:
1296:Sunda Kingdom
1294:
1293:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1207:
1206:Kutai Kingdom
1204:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1192:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1155:
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1132:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1076:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1057:
1047:
1045:
1042:, a style of
1041:
1040:Kawi language
1036:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1007:
1003:
999:
994:
990:
987:The rock-cut
985:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
958:Mahendradatta
955:
947:
943:
939:
934:
930:
923:Javanese ties
920:
917:
913:
909:
905:
900:
898:
894:
890:
889:Saka calendar
886:
882:
878:
873:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
839:
834:
827:
823:
818:
811:Early kingdom
808:
806:
802:
799:and speaking
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
767:
765:
761:
756:
755:
749:
744:
742:
739:conquered of
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
705:
701:
697:
692:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
648:
644:
640:
639:Kĕrajaan Bali
635:
630:
626:
617:
614:
610:
607:
603:
600:
596:
593:
591:Today part of
589:
573:
571:
568:
567:
564:
558:
555:
548:
547:
544:
541:
534:
533:
530:
527:
520:
519:
516:
515:
512:
509:
507:
504:
503:
499:
495:
494:
489:
485:
481:
478:18 April 1908
477:
474:
470:
464:
460:
457:
453:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
421:
418:
415:
409:
405:
399:
396:
393:
387:
384:
381:
375:
371:
368:
362:
359:
356:
350:
346:
342:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
321:
318:
314:
310:
307:
305:
301:
298:
294:
290:
286:
283:
279:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
254:
245:
241:
236:
233:
229:
223:
220:
217:
214:
211:
208:
204:
201:
200:
199:
195:
191:
185:
181:
175:
172:
168:
163:
159:
153:
148:
140:
136:
130:
123:
116:
111:
103:
94:
91:
87:
84:
75:
72:
68:
64:
61:
60:Kĕrajaan Bali
52:
49:
45:
41:
40:Kerajaan Bali
37:
34:
30:
22:
19:
3638:South Maluku
3517:
3179:Tarumanagara
3049:
3035:
3014:
3009:
3000:
2995:
2990:Barski, p.48
2986:
2977:
2971:
2959:. Retrieved
2949:
2939:
2931:
2925:
2919:
2911:
2906:
2897:
2891:
2882:
2876:
2866:
2860:
2851:
2842:
2833:
2824:
2815:
2796:
2790:
2781:
2775:
2766:
2749:
2744:
2734:
2729:
2720:
2715:
2684:
2644:protectorate
2632:tawan karang
2631:
2613:
2598:
2584:
2560:tawan karang
2559:
2549:
2474:
2468:
2463:The Raja of
2423:
2410:
2364:
2318:
2307:sailed from
2298:
2264:
2213:
2205:
2189:
2176:
2149:
2131:
2078:
2037:Christianity
1286:Bali Kingdom
1285:
1179:Buni culture
1157:
1142:1,000,000 BP
1126:
1064:
1044:Old Javanese
1037:
1022:
1018:
1011:
986:
966:Dharmawangsa
951:
901:
874:
843:
778:
752:
745:
693:
638:
624:
622:
612:
605:
598:
511:Succeeded by
510:
505:
491:
454:created the
292:
284:
180:vassal state
138:
101:
83:Krājaan Bali
82:
71:Old Javanese
59:
18:
3646: [
3629: [
3626:Negeri Soya
3612: [
3452:Tanjungpura
3432:Negara Daha
3427:Negara Dipa
3365:Riau-Lingga
3264:Dharmasraya
2868:South India
2750:Deśawarṇana
2708:Bali Museum
2670:Bali Museum
2510:spice trade
2294:Dalem Ketut
2267:Babad Dalem
2201:Raden Patah
2193:Sunan Kudus
2156:Hayam Wuruk
2002:Archaeology
1997:Agriculture
1403:Aru Kingdom
1128:Paleolithic
1090:History of
1029:Deśavarṇana
1025:Kertanegara
993:Gunung Kawi
982:Anak Wungçu
942:Gunung Kawi
879:issued the
781:Paleolithic
762:within the
741:Nusa Penida
735:, then the
506:Preceded by
383:Anak Wungçu
246:(religious)
192:(1512–1908)
187:(1343–1512)
102:Bālī rājyaṁ
55:᭚ᬓᭂᬭᬚ᭡ᬦ᭄ᬩᬮᬶ
3708:Categories
3643:Tanah Hitu
3548:West Timor
3394:Kalimantan
3360:Pagaruyung
3235:Yogyakarta
3210:Kalinyamat
3164:Singhasari
3159:Shailendra
3104:Blambangan
3026:References
2976:Soekmono.
2540:Dewa Agung
2383:Karangasem
2371:Dewa Agung
2338:Blambangan
2332:, western
2278:Samprangan
2180:Ranawijaya
2172:Regreg war
2166:and later
2164:Samprangan
2145:Gajah Mada
2059:Mass media
1936:Reform era
1916:Transition
1762:Portuguese
1148:Flores Man
1118:Prehistory
1033:Singhasari
1002:Jayapangus
991:shrine of
980:and later
805:Bronze Age
785:Mesolithic
775:Prehistory
609:East Java
395:Jayapangus
339:Dewa Agung
316:Government
304:Demonym(s)
210:Samprangan
177:(914–1343)
158:Banyuwangi
97:बली राज्यं
78:ꦌꦫꦗꦴꦤ꧀ ꦄꦭꦶ
33:Indonesian
3528:Larantuka
3437:Pontianak
3355:Palembang
3299:Srivijaya
3289:Samaskuta
3230:Surakarta
3169:Srivijaya
3139:Majapahit
3124:Kahuripan
2961:1 January
2648:Singaraja
2640:Klungkung
2628:Klungkung
2544:Klungkung
2419:Kabupaten
2375:Klungkung
2367:Klungkung
2233:Pararaton
2160:Goa Gajah
2134:Majapahit
2017:Education
1926:New Order
1694:1670–1950
1684:1515–1904
1270:600s–900s
1260:600s–1025
1250:600s–1347
1240:500s–600s
1230:400s-500s
1220:400s–500s
1173:75,000 BP
1159:Neolithic
1092:Indonesia
1056:Majapahit
998:Jayasakti
974:Airlangga
944:rock-cut
933:Kahuripan
908:Goa Gajah
897:Warmadewa
870:Sailendra
866:Borobudur
864:found in
793:Neolithic
704:Majapahit
662:Indonesia
634:romanized
595:Indonesia
557:Majapahit
473:Klungkung
311:, Balinar
293:Minority:
281:Religion
272:Loloanese
222:Klungkung
3693:Salawati
3566:Amanuban
3561:Amanatun
3462:Sulawesi
3412:Bulungan
3294:Sanfotsi
3129:Kalingga
3119:Janggala
3034:(2004).
2654:See also
2580:Jembrana
2576:Buleleng
2465:Buleleng
2407:Jembrana
2379:Buleleng
2325:Nirartha
2274:Javanese
2229:Sutasoma
2064:Military
2042:Hinduism
2032:Buddhism
2027:Religion
2007:Currency
1990:By topic
1210:350–1605
1138:Java Man
1109:Timeline
1081:a series
1079:Part of
1069:Denpasar
978:Marakata
916:Shivaite
854:stupikas
669:kingship
650:kingdoms
647:Buddhist
629:Balinese
487:Currency
471:against
331:Maharaja
329:, Arya,
309:Balinese
289:Hinduism
251:Regional
244:Sanskrit
235:Balinese
113:914–1908
90:Sanskrit
48:Balinese
3688:Kaimana
3665:Jailolo
3655:Ternate
3609:Huamual
3604:Honimoa
3571:Amarasi
3495:Banggai
3447:Sarawak
3375:Serdang
3350:Malacca
3345:Langkat
3308:Islamic
3269:Kantoli
3249:Sumatra
3215:Mataram
3200:Cirebon
3188:Islamic
3154:Sanjaya
3144:Mataram
2624:Tabanan
2609:Gianyar
2600:puputan
2595:Mataram
2546:in 1908
2532:trade.
2514:Chinese
2506:Sumatra
2494:Jakarta
2469:puputan
2399:Gianyar
2395:Tabanan
2346:Mataram
2334:Sumbawa
2052:Judaism
2012:Economy
1977:Bandung
1962:Jakarta
1954:Regions
1792:British
1772:Spanish
1226:Kantoli
1183:400 BCE
910:, near
858:Gianyar
826:Stupika
770:History
754:Puputan
725:Sumbawa
700:Mataram
467:•
450:•
437:History
267:Sumbawa
197:Capital
182:of the
162:Sumbawa
139:Anthem:
3660:Tidore
3621:Loloda
3591:Maluku
3581:Wehali
3576:Sonbai
3533:Mengwi
3442:Sambas
3407:Brunei
3402:Banjar
3325:Asahan
3284:Pannai
3274:Malayu
3220:Pajang
3195:Banten
3149:Rajasa
3134:Kediri
3114:Ishana
3042:
2803:
2710:notice
2620:Badung
2605:Bangli
2453:, and
2403:Bangli
2391:Badung
2387:Mengwi
2342:Sultan
2330:Lombok
2168:Gelgel
1083:on the
1012:kepeng
846:votive
803:. The
733:Lombok
717:Colony
493:kepeng
440:
343:
216:Gelgel
203:Bedulu
170:Status
3680:Papua
3670:Bacan
3650:]
3633:]
3616:]
3556:Amabi
3480:Buton
3417:Kutai
3340:Johor
3335:Jambi
3279:Mauli
3205:Demak
3174:Sunda
3109:Galuh
2676:Notes
2587:Sasak
2530:slave
2526:opium
2522:Bugis
2271:Hindu
2074:Women
2069:Sport
2047:Islam
1972:Bogor
1006:China
989:candi
946:candi
885:Sanur
850:stupa
681:India
656:, in
643:Hindu
335:Dalem
262:Osing
257:Sasak
3523:Bima
3518:Bali
3500:Suai
3490:Wajo
3485:Luwu
3475:Bone
3470:Gowa
3380:Siak
3330:Deli
3315:Aceh
3089:Java
3040:ISBN
2963:2015
2930:"...
2801:ISBN
2622:and
2607:and
2578:and
2572:1849
2568:1848
2564:1846
2528:and
2518:Arab
2504:and
2502:Java
2411:Puri
2405:and
2336:and
2303:and
2235:and
2178:son
1967:Bali
931:and
912:Ubud
836:The
760:Bali
696:Java
685:Java
654:Bali
623:The
602:Bali
327:Raja
242:and
240:Kawi
129:Flag
67:Kawi
3599:Iha
3320:Aru
2942:).
2542:of
2490:VOC
2344:of
968:of
3710::
3648:id
3631:id
3614:id
2757:^
2698:^
2582:.
2566:,
2520:,
2516:,
2500:,
2449:,
2445:,
2441:,
2401:,
2397:,
2393:,
2389:,
2385:,
2381:,
2377:,
2316:.
2231:,
2227:,
891:.
766:.
719:,
691:.
660:,
637::
337:,
333:,
3075:e
3068:t
3061:v
3046:.
2965:.
2809:.
2692:.
2121:e
2114:t
2107:v
645:-
627:(
613:∟
606:∟
599:∟
164:.
92::
73::
69:/
50::
35::
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