408:
92:
765:
itself. Given the as-yet-undeciphered nature of the script, the precise significance of the post-firing addition of a Cypro-Minoan sign must remain uncertain. At minimum the sign indicates that individuals employing Cypro-Minoan script handled the vessel from which the handle derived. Combined with petrographic analysis of the clay employed in manufacturing the amphora—pointing to an origin in or within the vicinity of Akko—the readiest reconstruction from the evidence must be that the vessel (and any companions) was manufactured in the Akko region before shipping,
99:
71:
400:
64:
604:
50:
690:
682:
919:
357:, which throughout history has created an obstacle between the hill country to the east and the Mediterranean to the west, forcing travellers and armies to pass through the narrow pass between the springs and the foothills of Samaria. This gave the location of Antipatris/Tel Afek its strategic importance.
739:
were recovered still in situ at the bottom of each pit, while a midden of grape skins, seeds and other debris was discovered adjacent to the installations . The excavator has drawn attention to the proximity of these winepresses to the
Residency, their large size and the fact that ancient winepresses
764:
Linear Script . The handle was excavated from secondary deposition in Aphek Area X, Locus 2953, belonging to the very meagre
Stratum X11 built over the Governor's Residency. An extreme likelihood exists, therefore, that the object belonged to the earlier, more prosperous Stratum XI2 of the Residency
423:
saw the construction of defensive walls, 2.5 metres (8.2 ft) to 3.5 metres (11 ft) wide, and a series of palaces. One of these is described as an
Egyptian governor residence of the 15th century BC, and within, an array of
752:
It is clear that Tel Aphek was a site not only at the centre of imperial administration, but also well-connected to the international trade in luxury goods, as reflected in the abundant finds of
Cypriot and Mycenaean ceramics.
648:, means "fountain-head" or simply "head of the springs", much like the Arabic and Hebrew names (Ras al-Ayin and Rosh ha-Ayin, "head of the springs"). Pronounced by Arabic-speakers, it became "Binar Bashi" (Arabic has no "p").
1842:
659:
route. The fortress is a massive rectangular enclosure with four corner towers and a gate at the centre of the west side. The south-west tower is octagonal, while the three other towers have a square ground plan.
459:, says that it is "the place from which the Gentiles seized the Ark, between Jerusalem and Ascalon, near the village of Bethsamys (Beit Shemesh)," a locale that corresponds with Conder's identification.
1835:
632:"You have sent a letter and have reported that four walls of the fortress Ras al-Ayn have been built, I have commanded that when arrives you shall the above mentioned rooms and
1828:
1680:
The Survey of
Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer
2112:
1078:
903:
372:
where the road turned eastwards towards
Jerusalem. During the British Mandate, a water pumping station was built there to channel water from the Yarkon to Jerusalem.
2107:
1670:, Tel Aviv: Institute of Archaeology (Monograph Series of the Institute of Archaeology, Tel Aviv University, vol. 27), Tel Aviv University, 2009, pp.?-?.
736:
1513:
1242:
967:
723:
discovered to date in the
Southern Levant were excavated adjoining the governor's residency at Tel Aphek, dated to the 13th century BC, the reign of
1879:
740:
were normally located outside settlements amongst the vineyards suggesting that the
Egyptian administration supervised the viniculturists of the
1790:
407:
2122:
2102:
731:, “upper vat”) in parallel configuration extending over 6 m². Beneath and next to these, the stone-lined plastered collection vats (Hebrew:
1463:
774:
1309:
cf. Yasur-Landau and Goren 2004:24 for various interpretations, whether an ownership mark, unit of measurement or a phonetic syllable.
2066:
156:
1820:
1707:
1570:
1377:
1178:
818:
655:), and was provided with 100 horsemen and 30 foot soldiers. The fortress was also supposed to supply soldiers to protect the
498:, and figures prominently in Roman-era history. Today, the nearby river bears the town's old namesake in the Arabic tongue (
91:
63:
2087:
1800:
1630:
706:, incorporating the area of the Ottoman fortress, the remains of the Roman city and the British water pumping station.
672:
2092:
1760:
703:
793:
being shipped back to the Levant (now probably containing
Cypriot product) and achieving final deposition at Aphek.
702:
Currently, the site of
Antipatris is included in the national park "Yarkon-Tel Afek", under the jurisdiction of the
1401:
Continuity and Change: Cultural Processes in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Ages in Israel's Central Coastal Plain
1562:
1013:
1530:
1479:
1239:
1889:
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1325:
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fortress may have stood on the site. However, the Ottoman fortress was built following the publication of a
2117:
1611:
964:
929:
1656:
1393:
1111:
838:
27:
1156:
951:
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1852:
1684:
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1521:
1459:
Provenance Study and Re-evaluation of the Cuneiform Documents from the Egyptian Residency at Tel Aphek,
1387:
938:
431:
Most scholars agree that there were more than one Aphek. While Tel-Aphek (Antipatris) is one of them,
1787:
756:
Illustrative of Cypro-Canaanite trade especially is a fragmentary amphora handle , clearly inscribed
577:
576:
of Caesarea, is mentioned by name in extant documentation: Polychronius, who was present both at the
296:
133:
1809:
1743:
1504:
1446:
1350:
1383:
The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology
292:
810:, Muslim postal network strengthened in Palestine during the Mamluk period (roads, bridges, khans)
1699:
1289:
1094:
16:
First century BCE city built by Herod the Great, now the Tel Afeq national park in central Israel
1373:
1005:
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483:
432:
288:
276:
1850:
1804:
1815:
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1491:
1433:
1337:
983:
924:
802:
1646:
Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500
789:
one of these ports), where it was likely emptied of its original contents—certainly marked—
581:
651:
The fortress was built to protect a vulnerable stretch of the Cairo-Damascus highway (the
8:
1678:
1674:
1644:
1381:
1695:
A Gazetteer of Buildings in Muslim Palestine (British Academy Monographs in Archaeology)
1403:, unpublished PhD Disserattion, Tel Aviv University, 2003. (Hebrew with English summary)
1454:
1039:
1995:
1756:
1703:
1626:
1566:
1554:
All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948
1363:
A Dated Assemblage of the Late 13th Century BCE from the Egyptian Residency at Aphek,
1174:
1060:
813:
558:
487:
361:
1227:
1215:
1203:
1191:
735:, “lower vat”) could each store over 3 m³, or 3,000 litres, of pressed grape juice.
428:
tablets were found. Philistine ware is found in the site in 12th century BC layers.
2056:
550:
399:
327:
226:
470:, not far from Antipatris, and which was burnt by a contingent of Roman soldiers.
1894:
1794:
1558:
1552:
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1103:
971:
625:
585:
543:. During the outbreak of the Jewish war with Rome in 64 CE, the Roman army under
540:
530:
499:
479:
331:
284:
268:
1753:
The Rural Hinterland of Antipatris from the Hellenistic to the Byzantine Periods
727:. The two winepresses were plastered and possessed two treading floors (Hebrew:
2060:
1980:
1640:
1074:
899:
770:
668:
617:
562:
544:
339:
192:
603:
2081:
1618:
1603:
1593:
1579:
1548:
1358:
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in 451. No longer a residential bishopric, Antipatris is today listed by the
525:, Antipatris was built on the site of an older town that was formerly called
171:
158:
761:
741:
611:
388:
354:
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2010:
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Closely paralleled with at least 7 additional examples from Cyprus (
1904:
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20:
2043:
2014:
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1990:
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and have the guards remove the earth outside and clean and tidy .
637:
1598:
Aphek in Canaan: The Egyptian Governor's Residence and Its Finds
996:
The account in 1 Samuel 4:1 of the battle at Aphek and Eben-ezer
353:
Antipatris/Tel Afek lies at the strong perennial springs of the
49:
2000:
1947:
1924:
1899:
1285:
782:
689:
633:
621:
299:
144:
539:), a place so-named in classical Jewish literature and in the
2033:
2025:
1975:
1934:
1919:
1909:
1861:
1725:. Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel.
1486:. Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel.
1428:. Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel.
1412:
1332:. Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel.
807:
681:
375:
Today the remains of Antipatris are located roughly between
1985:
1666:
in: Kochavi, Moshe, Gadot, Yuval and Yadin, Esther (eds.),
1474:, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Cited in Petersen (2002)
656:
247:
1408:
Aphek in the Sharon and the Philistine Northern Frontier,
491:
369:
256:
241:
229:
1016:, vol. 18, London 1876, p. 149; Conder & Kitchener,
1623:
The Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Near East
2113:
Buildings and structures in Central District (Israel)
1202:
Heyd, 1960, pp. 107-108. Cited in Petersen, 2001, p.
678:
The Arab peasants deserted the village in the 1920s.
595:
In 363, the city was badly damaged by an earthquake.
259:
232:
1158:
Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus
513:
253:
250:
244:
238:
334:. During the Crusader Period the site was known as
235:
443:(believed to be Eben-Ezer), and known by the name
283:) was a city built during the first century BC by
2079:
1662:Mahler-Slasky, Y. and Kislev, M. E. (in press),
1600:, Catalogue 312, Jerusalem: Israel Museum, 1990.
1584:The History and Archaeology of Aphek-Antipatris,
1453:Goren, Yuval; Naʾaman, Nadav; Mommsen, Hans and
1300:(Ugarit), cf. Yasur-Landau and Goren 2004:22-23.
1214:Heyd, 1960, p. 106. Cited in Petersen, 2001, p.
697:
322:. It has been identified as either the tower of
1372:
1190:Heyd, 1960, p.108. Cited in Petersen, 2001, p.
1030:North, Robert (1960). "Ap(h)eq(a) and 'Azeqa".
933:(New and revised ed.). T. Nelson and Sons.
568:Only one of the early bishops of the Christian
435:identified the Aphek of Eben-Ezer with a ruin (
360:Antipatris was situated on the Roman road from
310:. The remains of Antipatris are known today as
1836:
1769:Yasur-Landau, Assaf and Goren, Yuval (2004),
1323:
1110:; Conder and Kitchener, SWP II, London 1881,
2108:Protected areas of Central District (Israel)
1098:xvi.v.§2; xiii.xv.§1; cf. Jerusalem Talmud,
747:
644:The Turkish name of the place and fortress,
1685:Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund
1514:"An Analysis of Jacotin's Map of Palestine"
1388:Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund
1324:Abu Raya, Rafeh; Porat, Leea (2012-09-19).
494:, on the great Roman road from Caesarea to
1851:Towns and fortresses destroyed during the
1843:
1829:
1639:
1511:
610:, the Ottoman fortress at the head of the
439:) some 3.7 miles (6 km) distant from
48:
1472:Ottoman Documents on Palestine, 1552-1615
984:"Aphek | Pictures from the Holyland"
557:to Antipatris and next day from there to
1691:
688:
680:
602:
406:
398:
287:, who named it in honour of his father,
1617:
1547:
1020:, vol. iii (Judaea), London 1883, p. 24
326:mentioned by Josephus, or the biblical
2080:
1673:
1668:Aphek II: The Remains of the Acropolis
923:
913:
911:
881:
879:
455:, when writing about Eben-ezer in his
1824:
1799:Survey of Western Palestine, Map 13:
1716:
1529:(3): 155–173, 244–253. Archived from
1477:
1419:
1161:, Paris 1740, Vol. III, coll. 579-582
1029:
819:Water supply and sanitation in Israel
598:
561:, to stand trial before the governor
451:being an Arabic corruption of Aphek.
350:was built there in the 16th century.
2123:Ancient Jewish settlements of Judaea
2103:Former populated places in West Asia
482:, and named in honor of his father,
1750:
908:
876:
534:
503:
387:(literally "headspring"), south of
330:, best known from the story of the
272:
13:
1816:Aphek - Pictures from the Holyland
1771:A Cypro-Minoan Potmark from Aphek,
98:
70:
14:
2134:
1788:Israel Nature and Parks Authority
1781:
1173:(Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013
965:Yarkon and Tel Afek National Park
769:to such redistribution points as
704:Israel Nature and Parks Authority
547:was routed as far as Antipatris.
122:Tel Afek, and Kŭlảt Râs el ’Ain,
917:
466:mentions a certain tower called
225:
97:
90:
69:
62:
1812:Archaeological Survey of Israel
1659:) Also Cited in Petersen (2002)
1563:Institute for Palestine Studies
1316:
1303:
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1208:
1196:
1184:
1164:
1149:
1137:
1117:
1083:
1066:
1050:
1023:
1018:The Survey of Western Palestine
1014:Palestine Exploration Quarterly
478:Antipatris was a city built by
318:), although formerly as
1275:Warren and Hankey 1989:155-156
999:
990:
976:
958:
888:
843:
831:
1:
1144:Acts of the Apostles 23:31–32
1063:(ed.), Leipig 1904, p. 33,24.
824:
709:
698:Yarkon-Tel Afek national park
473:
124:the castle of the spring-head
19:For the site near Haifa, see
1869:
1776:31.1 (2004), pp. 22–31.
1612:Israel Antiquities Authority
1467:16 (2006), pp. 161–171.
7:
1606:and Beit Arieh, I. (1994),
1478:Itach, Gilad (2017-04-02).
1416:341 (2006), pp. 21–36.
796:
514:
78:Shown within Central Israel
28:Ras al-Ayn (disambiguation)
10:
2139:
1717:Porat, Leea (2010-12-26).
1651:Palestine Exploration Fund
1590:44 (1981), pp. 75–86.
1588:The Biblical Archaeologist
1522:Israel Exploration Journal
1369:12 (1985), pp. 29–42.
1106:, the variant spelling is
885:Kochavi, 1997, pp. 147-151
553:was brought by night from
394:
280:
81:Show map of Central Israel
25:
18:
2088:Classical sites in Israel
2042:
2024:
1961:
1933:
1860:
1692:Petersen, Andrew (2001).
1664:Food Remains from Area X,
1420:Golan, Dor (2008-09-11).
1130:(book ii, chapter xix); (
930:Easton's Bible Dictionary
870:
849:Hebrew spelling based on
748:Trade links and relations
714:
578:Robber Council of Ephesus
315:
302:, was inhabited from the
211:
206:
198:
187:
150:
140:
129:
118:
56:
47:
39:
37:
2093:Medieval sites in Israel
1266:Beck and Kochavi 1985:36
1171:Annuario Pontificio 2013
693:Ras al Ein 1941 1:20,000
620:records indicate that a
414:
338:, "Silent springs". The
1810:Antipatris in Antiquity
1700:Oxford University Press
1386:. Vol. 2. London:
1095:Antiquities of the Jews
857:1:11), although in the
368:, north of the town of
1853:First Jewish–Roman War
1738:Cite journal requires
1499:Cite journal requires
1441:Cite journal requires
1345:Cite journal requires
1326:"Tel Afeq (Northeast)"
1296:-Ayios Dimitrios) and
925:Easton, Matthew George
694:
686:
642:
614:
411:
404:
172:32.10500°N 34.930417°E
1406:Gadot, Yuval (2006),
1399:Gadot, Yuval (2003),
1257:Khalidi, 1992, p. 396
1010:Notes from the Memoir
869:.) it is often spelt
803:Archaeology of Israel
692:
685:Antipatris fort. 1948
684:
665:Chateau de Ras el Ain
630:
606:
484:Antipater II of Judea
410:
402:
119:Alternative name
1608:Map of Rosh Ha-ʿAyin
1470:Heyd, Uriel (1960),
760:with Sign 38 of the
628:in AD 1573 (981 H.):
582:Council of Chalcedon
2118:Tells (archaeology)
1702:. pp. 255–57.
1649:. Committee of the
1512:Karmon, Y. (1960).
1226:Petersen, 2002, p.
306:Period to the late
177:32.10500; 34.930417
168: /
106:Antipatris (Israel)
34:
1793:2018-02-16 at the
1245:2019-12-22 at the
970:2016-04-25 at the
737:Canaanite amphorae
695:
687:
663:It appeared named
615:
599:Ottoman Ras al-Ayn
412:
405:
342:fortress known as
291:. The site, now a
188:Grid position
109:Show map of Israel
32:
2098:Castles in Israel
2075:
2074:
1805:Wikimedia commons
1719:"Tel Afeq (East)"
1709:978-0-19-727011-0
1621:(1997). "Aphek".
1572:978-0-88728-224-9
1357:Beck, Pirhya and
1238:Karmon, 1960, p.
1179:978-88-209-9070-1
1102:2:1 (8a). In the
1061:Erich Klostermann
946:Missing or empty
939:cite encyclopedia
837:Palmer, 1881, p.
814:Tourism in Israel
781:(more likely) to
572:of Antipatris, a
559:Caesarea Maritima
512:
488:Caesarea Maritima
486:. It lay between
379:and the towns of
362:Caesarea Maritima
320:Kŭlat Râs el 'Ain
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1698:. Vol. I.
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1425:
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1338:cite journal
1329:
1317:Bibliography
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1290:Palaiokastro
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762:Cypro-Minoan
758:after firing
757:
755:
751:
733:gat tahtonah
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718:
701:
677:
671:compiled in
664:
662:
650:
645:
643:
631:
616:
612:Yarkon River
607:
594:
567:
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535:
526:
520:
504:نهر أبو فطرس
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467:
461:
456:
448:
444:
436:
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389:Hod HaSharon
374:
359:
355:Yarkon River
352:
347:
343:
336:Surdi fontes
335:
323:
319:
311:
308:Roman Period
304:Chalcolithic
221:
220:
163:34°55′49.5″E
123:
2052:Alexandrium
1943:Beth-nimrah
1875:Bayt Lettif
1619:Kochavi, M.
1604:Kochavi, M.
1594:Kochavi, M.
1580:Kochavi, M.
1549:Khalidi, W.
1359:Kochavi, M.
1112:pp. 258-ff.
1006:C.R. Conder
729:gat elyonah
725:Ramesses II
721:winepresses
608:Binar Bashi
590:titular see
457:Onomasticon
447:; the name
433:C.R. Conder
385:Rosh HaAyin
377:Petah Tikva
344:Binar Bashi
175: /
151:Coordinates
2082:Categories
1986:Gush Halav
1540:2017-09-09
1480:"Tel Afeq"
1422:"Tel Afeq"
1298:Ras Shamra
1294:Kalavassos
1134:ii. 14-20)
1132:Bell. Jud.
1072:Josephus,
825:References
744:closely .
710:Excavation
646:pınar başı
527:Chabarzaba
474:Antipatris
421:Bronze Age
381:Kafr Qasim
348:Ras al-Ayn
281:Αντιπατρίς
222:Antipatris
207:Site notes
202:Settlement
160:32°06′18″N
33:Antipatris
26:See also:
2011:Tarichaea
2001:Jodapatha
1953:Machaerus
1915:Jerusalem
1885:Caphethra
1855:by region
1181:), p. 834
653:Via Maris
636:with its
574:suffragan
570:bishopric
555:Jerusalem
509:romanized
496:Jerusalem
449:al-Fikiya
441:Dayr Aban
426:cuneiform
366:Jerusalem
289:Antipater
273:אנטיפטריס
212:Condition
40:אנטיפטריס
1905:Herodium
1890:Ein Gedi
1791:Archived
1677:(1881).
1643:(1890).
1596:(1990),
1582:(1981),
1551:(1992).
1457:(2006),
1380:(1882).
1367:Tel Aviv
1361:(1985),
1243:Archived
1124:Josephus
1090:Josephus
1044:42637769
968:Archived
927:(1897).
895:Josephus
873:.
797:See also
775:Tel Nami
523:Josephus
464:Josephus
453:Eusebius
403:Tel Afek
312:Tel Afek
215:In ruins
191:144/167
136:, Israel
130:Location
21:Tel Afek
2067:Narbata
2044:Samaria
2015:Magdala
2006:Selamin
1991:Jamnith
1971:Bersabe
1963:Galilee
1614:, 1994.
1464:Ä&L
1108:כפר סבה
1032:Biblica
871:אנטיפרס
859:Mishnah
851:Tosefta
638:minaret
618:Ottoman
545:Cestius
536:כפר סבא
511::
437:Khirbet
395:History
340:Ottoman
297:central
42:
2057:Thamna
1981:Gabara
1948:Livias
1925:Masada
1900:Hebron
1895:Gerasa
1862:Judaea
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1286:Kition
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1079:2.19.1
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904:2.19.1
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791:before
783:Cyprus
767:either
742:Sharon
715:Area A
634:mosque
626:firman
622:Mamluk
531:Hebrew
500:Arabic
316:תל אפק
300:Israel
269:Hebrew
145:Levant
141:Region
2034:Gamla
2026:Golan
1996:Japha
1976:Cabul
1935:Perea
1920:Lydda
1910:Jaffa
1870:Aphek
1657:p.472
1534:(PDF)
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1392:(pp.
1100:Demai
1040:JSTOR
867:et al
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808:Barid
588:as a
492:Lydda
468:Aphek
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