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iodine are the two most commonly used antimicrobials. Chlorine is extensively used as a disinfectant in the water treatment plants, drug, and food industries. In wastewater treatment plants, chlorine is widely used as a disinfectant. It oxidizes soluble contaminants and kills bacteria and viruses. It is also highly effective against bacterial spores. The mode of action is by breaking the bonds present in these microorganisms. When a bacterial enzyme comes in contact with a compound containing chlorine, the hydrogen atom in that molecule gets displaced and is replaced with chlorine. This thus changes the enzyme function which in turn leads to the death of the bacterium. Iodine is most commonly used for sterilization and wound cleaning. The three major antimicrobial compounds containing iodine are alcohol-iodine solution, an aqueous solution of iodine, and iodophors. Iodophors are more bactericidal and are used as antiseptics as they are less irritating when applied to the skin. Bacterial spores on the other hand cannot be killed by iodine, but they can be inhibited by iodophors. The growth of microorganisms is inhibited when iodine penetrates into the cells and oxidizes proteins, genetic material, and fatty acids. Bromine is also an effective antimicrobial that is used in water treatment plants. When mixed with chlorine it is highly effective against bacterial spores such as
872:
commonly used in oral mouth washes and household cleaning agents. They are active against a wide range of bacteria, fungi and viruses. Today phenol derivatives such as thymol and cresol are used because they are less toxic compared to phenol. These phenolic compounds have a benzene ring along with the –OH group incorporated into their structures. They have a higher antimicrobial activity. These compounds inhibit microbial growth by precipitating proteins which lead to their denaturation and by penetrating into the cell membrane of microorganisms and disrupting it. Phenolic compounds can also deactivate enzymes and damage the amino acids in microbial cells. Phenolics such as fentichlore, an antibacterial and antifungal agent are used as an oral treatment for fungal infections. Trischlosan is highly effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Hexachlorophene (Bisphenol) is used as a surfactant. It is widely used in soaps, handwashes, and skin products because of its antiseptic properties. It is also used as a sterilizing agent. Cresol is an effective antimicrobial and is widely used in mouthwashes and cough drops. Phenolics have high antimicrobial activity against bacteria such as
742:, antimicrobial pesticides are used to control growth of microbes through disinfection, sanitation, or reduction of development and to protect inanimate objects, industrial processes or systems, surfaces, water, or other chemical substances from contamination, fouling, or deterioration caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, algae, or slime. The EPA monitors products, such as disinfectants/sanitizers for use in hospitals or homes, to ascertain efficacy. Products that are meant for public health are therefore under this monitoring system, including products used for drinking water, swimming pools, food sanitation, and other environmental surfaces. These pesticide products are registered under the premise that, when used properly, they do not demonstrate unreasonable side effects to humans or the environment. Even once certain products are on the market, the EPA continues to monitor and evaluate them to make sure they maintain efficacy in protecting public health.
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inhibiting microbial growth. Alcohols are not quite efficient when it comes to spores. The mode of action is by denaturing the proteins. Alcohols interfere with the hydrogen bonds present in the protein structure. Alcohols also dissolve the lipid membranes that are present in microorganisms. Disruption of the cell membrane is another property of alcohols that aid in cell death. Alcohols are cheap and effective antimicrobials. They are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. Alcohols are commonly used in hand sanitizers, antiseptics, and disinfectants.
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bacterial endospore are more resistant while vegetative cells are less resistant and are easily killed at lower temperatures. Another method that involves the use of heat to kill microorganisms is fractional sterilization. This process involves the exposure to a temperature of 100 degrees
Celsius for an hour, on each for several days. Fractional sterilization is also called tyndallization. Bacterial endospores can be killed using this method. Both dry and moist heat are effective in eliminating microbial life. For example, jars used to store preserves such as
298:. As a consequence of widespread and injudicious use of antibacterials, there has been an accelerated emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, resulting in a serious threat to global public health. The resistance problem demands that a renewed effort be made to seek antibacterial agents effective against pathogenic bacteria resistant to current antibacterials. Possible strategies towards this objective include increased sampling from diverse environments and application of
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730:, essential oils have seen limited use in mainstream medicine. While 25 to 50% of pharmaceutical compounds are plant-derived, none are used as antimicrobials, though there has been increased research in this direction. Barriers to increased usage in mainstream medicine include poor regulatory oversight and quality control, mislabeled or misidentified products, and limited modes of delivery.
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water, the bacteria resume their growth, thus desiccation does not completely inhibit bacterial growth. The instrument used to carry out this process is called a desiccator. This process is widely used in the food industry and is an efficient method for food preservation. Desiccation is also largely used in the pharmaceutical industry to store vaccines and other products.
999:) or physical processes (micro/nano-pillars to rupture cell walls). These surfaces are especially important for the healthcare industry. Designing effective antimicrobial surfaces demands an in-depth understanding of the initial microbe-surface adhesion mechanisms. Molecular dynamics simulation and time-lapse imaging are typically used to investigate these mechanisms.
118:, which slow down or stall bacterial growth. In response, further advancements in antimicrobial technologies have resulted in solutions that can go beyond simply inhibiting microbial growth. Instead, certain types of porous media have been developed to kill microbes on contact. Overuse or misuse of antimicrobials can lead to the development of
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said to be in a hypotonic environment and water will flow into the cell.When the bacteria is placed in hypertonic solution, it causes plasmolysis or cell shrinking, similarly in hypotonic solution, bacteria undergoes plasmotysis or turgid state. This plasmolysis and plasmotysis kills bacteria because it causes change in osmotic pressure.
940:, a method for slowing the spoilage of foods such as milk, cheese, juices, wines and vinegar. Such products are heated to a certain temperature for a set period of time, which greatly reduces the number of harmful microorganisms. Low temperature is also used to inhibit microbial activity by slowing down microbial metabolism.
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compounds are of widespread practical use as disinfectant biocides, namely glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, and ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) despite the demonstration that many other aldehydes possess good antimicrobial activity. However, due to its long contact time other disinfectants are commonly preferred.
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are a few bacteria whose growth can be inhibited by alcohols. Alcohols have a high efficiency against enveloped viruses (60–70% ethyl alcohol) 70% isopropyl alcohol or ethanol are highly effective as an antimicrobial agent. In the presence of water, 70% alcohol causes coagulation of the proteins thus
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Microorganisms have a minimum temperature, an optimum, and a maximum temperature for growth. High temperature as well as low temperatures are used as physical agents of control. Different organisms show different degrees of resistance or susceptibility to heat or temperature, some organisms such as
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They are highly effective against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Aldehydes inhibit bacterial growth by disrupting the outer membrane. They are used in the disinfection and sterilization of surgical instruments. Being highly toxic they are not used in antiseptics. Currently, only three aldehyde
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can reduce the accumulation of odors and stains on scrubs, which in turn improves their longevity. These scrubs also come in a variety of colors and styles. As antimicrobial technology develops at a rapid pace, these scrubs are readily available, with more advanced versions hitting the market every
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The discovery, development and use of antibacterials during the 20th century have reduced mortality from bacterial infections. The antibiotic era began with the therapeutic application of sulfonamide drugs in 1936, followed by a "golden" period of discovery from about 1945 to 1970, when a number of
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Osmotic pressure is the pressure required to prevent a solvent from passing from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration through a semipermeable membrane. When the concentration of dissolved materials or solute is higher inside the cell than it is outside, the cell is
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Traditional herbalists used plants to treat infectious disease. Many of these plants have been investigated scientifically for antimicrobial activity, and some plant products have been shown to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. A number of these agents appear to have structures and
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Desiccation is also known as dehydration. It is the state of extreme dryness or the process of extreme drying. Some microorganisms like bacteria, yeasts and molds require water for their growth. Desiccation dries up the water content thus inhibiting microbial growth. On the availability of
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Alcohols are commonly used as disinfectants and antiseptics. Alcohols kill vegetative bacteria, most viruses and fungi. Ethyl alcohol, n-propanol and isopropyl alcohol are the most commonly used antimicrobial agents. Methanol is also a disinfecting agent but is not generally used as it is highly
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and a thin surface coating that neutralizes mold and encapsulates the surface to prevent spore release. Some paints are also manufactured with an added antifungal agent for use in high humidity areas such as bathrooms or kitchens. Other antifungal surface treatments typically contain variants of
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structurally diverse and highly effective agents were discovered and developed. Since 1980, the introduction of new antimicrobial agents for clinical use has declined, in part because of the enormous expense of developing and testing new drugs. In parallel, there has been an alarming increase in
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Phenol also known as carbolic acid was one of the first chemicals which was used as an antimicrobial agent. It has high antiseptic properties. It is bacteriostatic at concentrations of 0.1%–1% and is bactericidal/fungicidal at 1%–2%. A 5% solution kills anthrax spores in 48 hr. Phenols are most
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Elements such as chlorine, iodine, fluorine, and bromine are nonmetallic in nature and constitute the halogen family. Each of these halogens have a different antimicrobial effect that is influenced by various factors such as pH, temperature, contact time, and type of microorganism. Chlorine and
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and Jules
Francois Joubert observed antagonism between some bacteria and discussed the merits of controlling these interactions in medicine. Louis Pasteur's work in fermentation and spontaneous generation led to the distinction between anaerobic and aerobic bacteria. The information garnered by
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to incorporate antiseptic methods, such as sterilizing surgical tools and debriding wounds into surgical procedures. The implementation of these antiseptic techniques drastically reduced the number of infections and subsequent deaths associated with surgical procedures. Louis
Pasteur's work in
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Disinfectants: Destroy or inactivate microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses,) but may not act as sporicides (as those are the most difficult form to destroy). According to efficacy data, the EPA will classify a disinfectant as limited, general/broad spectrum, or as a hospital
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such as gloves and safety glasses. Additionally, it is important to follow the handling instructions properly, as that is how the EPA has deemed them as safe to use. Employees should be educated about the health hazards and encouraged to seek medical care if exposure occurs.
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Mollazadeh
Moghaddam K, Arfan M, Rafique J, Rezaee S, Jafari Fesharaki P, Gohari AR, Shahverdi AR (September 2010). "The antifungal activity of Sarcococca saligna ethanol extract and its combination effect with fluconazole against different resistant Aspergillus species".
110:. Though the term used to be restricted to antibacterials (and is often used as a synonym for them by medical professionals and in medical literature), its context has broadened to include all antimicrobials. Antibacterial agents can be further subdivided into
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Muller, M.P.; MacDougall, C.; Lim, M.; Armstrong, I.; Bialachowski, A.; Callery, S.; Ciccotelli, W.; Cividino, M.; Dennis, J.; Hota, S.; Garber, G.; Johnstone, J.; Katz, K.; McGeer, A.; Nankoosingh, V.; Richard, C.; Vearncombe, M. (2016-01-01).
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year. These bacteria could then be spread to office desks, break rooms, computers, and other shared technology. This can lead to outbreaks and infections like MRSA, treatments for which cost the healthcare industry $ 20 billion a year.
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for use in addition to regular cleaning and disinfection to control infections. Antimicrobial copper alloys are being installed in some healthcare facilities and subway transit systems as a public hygienic measure. Copper
256:. Their classification within these categories depends on their antimicrobial spectra, pharmacodynamics, and chemical composition. Prolonged use of certain antibacterials can decrease the number of
3125:"Mechanism of antibacterial action of the alcoholic extracts of Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult, Leucas aspera (Wild.), Plumbago zeylanica L., and Tridax procumbens (L.) R. Br. ex Schult"
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Podda, Enrico; Arca, Massimiliano; Atzeni, Giulia; Coles, Simon J.; Ibba, Antonella; Isaia, Francesco; Lippolis, Vito; OrrĂą, Germano; Orton, James B.; Pintus, Anna; Tuveri, Enrica (2020-04-28).
956:. There are two types of radiations that are used to inhibit the growth of microorganisms – ionizing and non-ionizing radiations. Common sources of radiation used in food sterilization include
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1979:"[Au(pyb-H)(mnt)]: A novel gold(III) 1,2-dithiolene cyclometalated complex with antimicrobial activity (pyb-H=C-deprotonated 2-benzylpyridine; mnt=1,2-dicyanoethene-1,2-dithiolate)"
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are similar at the molecular level, making it more difficult to find a target for an antifungal drug to attack that does not also exist in the host organism. Consequently, there are often
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Brandt LJ (February 2013). "American
Journal of Gastroenterology Lecture: Intestinal microbiota and the role of fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) in treatment of C. difficile infection".
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report, health-care workers can take steps to improve their safety measures against antimicrobial pesticide exposure. Workers are advised to minimize exposure to these agents by wearing
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to identify bioactive compounds produced by currently unknown and uncultured microorganisms as well as the development of small-molecule libraries customized for bacterial targets.
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Pintus, Anna; Aragoni, M. Carla; Cinellu, Maria A.; Maiore, Laura; Isaia, Francesco; Lippolis, Vito; OrrĂą, Germano; Tuveri, Enrica; Zucca, Antonio; Arca, Massimiliano (May 2017).
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Committee on New
Directions in the Study of Antimicrobial Therapeutics (2006). "Challenges for the Development of New Antimicrobials— Rethinking the Approaches".
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Ozone can kill microorganisms in air, water and process equipment and has been used in settings such as kitchen exhaust ventilation, garbage rooms, grease traps,
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2542:"Comparative study on the antiviral activity of selected monoterpenes derived from essential oils: Antiviral Activity of Monoterpenes Derived FromEssential Oils"
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611:, either as ingredients or as disinfectants. For example, beef carcasses often are sprayed with acids, and then rinsed or steamed, to reduce the prevalence of
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Broad-spectrum therapeutics are active against multiple classes of pathogens. Such therapeutics have been suggested as potential emergency treatments for
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94:(which are applied to living tissue and help reduce infection during surgery), and antibiotics (which destroy microorganisms within the body). The term
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Fleming A (1929). "On the
Antibacterial Action of Cultures of a Penicillium, with Special Reference to their use in the Isolation of B. influenzae".
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BURDEN of
Resistance and Disease in European Nations – An EU-Project to estimate the financial burden of antibiotic resistance in European Hospitals
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The
Antimicrobial Index – A continuously updated list of antimicrobial agents found in scientific literature (includes plant extracts and peptides)
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2869:"Acute antimicrobial pesticide-related illnesses among workers in health-care facilities – California, Louisiana, Michigan, and Texas, 2002–2007"
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have antimicrobial activities, but can be toxic. In recent years, the antimicrobial activity of coordination compounds has been investigated.
355:(baking soda) blasted on to surfaces acts as an antifungal. Another antifungal solution applied after or without blasting by soda is a mix of
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is also used to disinfect drinking water, both in small-scale personal-use systems and larger-scale community water purification systems.
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is caused by five unrelated hepatotropic viruses (A-E) and may be treated with antiviral drugs depending on the type of infection. Some
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Sibilo, Rafaël; Mannelli, Ilaria; Reigada, Ramon; Manzo, Carlo; Noyan, Mehmet A.; Mazumder, Prantik; Pruneri, Valerio (2020-05-19).
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Antibacterials are among the most commonly used drugs and among the drugs commonly misused by physicians, for example, in viral
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71:. They can also be classified according to their function. The use of antimicrobial medicines to treat infection is known as
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179:. Fleming and his associates struggled to isolate the antimicrobial but referenced its therapeutic potential in 1929 in the
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Antimicrobial surfaces are designed to either inhibit the ability of microorganisms to grow or damaging them by chemical (
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may be considered for patients who are having difficulty recovering from prolonged antibiotic treatment, as for recurrent
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3649:"Direct and Fast Assessment of Antimicrobial Surface Activity Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Time-Lapse Imaging"
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Marques, Fernanda; Sousa, SĂlvia A.; LeitĂŁo, Jorge H.; Morais, Tânia S.; Le Gal, Yann; Lorcy, Dominique (2021-04-01).
1879:"Lactic Acid Sprays Reduce Bacterial Pathogens on Cold Beef Carcass Surfaces and in Subsequently Produced Ground Beef"
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infections. Like antibiotics, specific antivirals are used for specific viruses. They should be distinguished from
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2843:"World leaders and experts call for significant reduction in the use of antimicrobial drugs in global food systems"
2026:"Gold(III) bisdithiolate complexes: molecular conductors that also exhibit anticancer and antimicrobial activities"
55:). Antimicrobial medicines can be grouped according to the microorganisms they act primarily against. For example,
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and work by exploiting differences between mammalian and fungal cells. Unlike bacteria, both fungi and humans are
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2075:"Antibacterial Activity of Amidodithiophosphonato Nickel(II) Complexes: An Experimental and Theoretical Approach"
510:. Like all therapeutic antimicrobials, they must kill the infecting organism without serious damage to the host.
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3255:"Antimicrobial Activity of Naturally Occurring Phenols and Derivatives Against Biofilm and Planktonic Bacteria"
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Antimicrobial pesticides have the potential to be a major factor in drug resistance. Organizations such as the
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to some of these drugs. Some of these side effects can be life-threatening if the drug is not used properly.
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Sanders FT (2003). "The Role of the EPA in the
Regulation of Antimicrobial Pesticides in the United States".
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Arakawa, Tsutomu; Yamasaki, Hisashi; Ikeda, Keiko; Ejima, Daisuke; Naito, Takeshi; Koyama, A. Hajime (2009).
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Saritha, Kongari; Rajesh, Angireddy; Manjulatha, Khanapur; Setty, Oruganti H.; Yenugu, Suresh (2015-06-09).
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2386:"Antimicrobial properties of plant essential oils and essences against five important food-borne pathogens"
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Copper-alloy surfaces have natural intrinsic antimicrobial properties and can kill microorganisms such as
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originally described only those formulations derived from living microorganisms but is now also applied to
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Walsh, Danica J.; Livinghouse, Tom; Goeres, Darla M.; Mettler, Madelyn; Stewart, Philip S. (2019-10-01).
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https://courses.lumenlearning.com/microbiology/chapter/using-physical-methods-to-control-microorganis
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Castillo, A.; Lucia, L.M.; Roberson, D.B.; Stevenson, T.H.; Mercado, I.; Acuff, G.R. (January 2001).
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Antiparasitics are a class of medications indicated for the treatment of infectious diseases such as
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1393:"Prospects and challenges for intestinal microbiome therapy in pediatric gastrointestinal disorders"
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Ghaemmaghamian, Zahra; Zarghami, Reza; Walker, Gavin; O’Reilly, Emmet; Ziaee, Ahmad (2022-08-01).
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Malandrakis, Anastasios A.; Kavroulakis, Nektarios; Chrysikopoulos, Constantinos V. (June 2019).
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modes of action that are distinct from those of the antibiotics in current use, suggesting that
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microbiology also led to the development of many vaccines for life-threatening diseases such as
90:), which kill a wide range of microbes on non-living surfaces to prevent the spread of illness,
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Kalemba D, Kunicka A (May 2003). "Antibacterial and antifungal properties of essential oils".
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372:. These solutions are not usually available to the general public because of their toxicity.
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1612:"Use of copper, silver and zinc nanoparticles against foliar and soil-borne plant pathogens"
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Sanitizers: Reduce the number of microorganisms, but may not kill or eliminate all of them.
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3602:"Antimicrobial surfaces to prevent healthcare-associated infections: a systematic review"
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call for significant reduction in their use globally to combat this. According to a 2010
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218:, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine for developing 22 antibiotics—most notably
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2754:"The role of the EPA in the regulation of antimicrobial pesticides in the United States"
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2640:"Antimicrobial Activity of Some Essential Oils—Present Status and Future Perspectives"
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11335:
11199:
9941:
9908:
9741:
9582:
9472:
9366:
9227:
9052:
9015:
8905:
8207:
8199:
7920:
6162:
5405:
5111:
4886:
4704:
4700:
4269:
3872:
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3670:
3629:
3621:
3585:
3573:
3565:
3347:
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3302:
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3221:
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3105:
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3015:
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2679:
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2615:
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2514:
2506:
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2407:
2402:
2385:
2366:
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2212:
2176:
2114:
2096:
2045:
2006:
1998:
1959:
1941:
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1859:
1841:
1792:
1784:
1743:
1725:
1686:
1639:
1592:
1574:
1516:
1465:
1424:
1365:
1328:
1261:
1234:
1117:
933:
825:
816:
and spas, and in the laundering of clothes and treatment of in–house mold and odors.
621:
356:
347:
As well as their use in medicine, antifungals are frequently sought after to control
321:
164:
9887:
2419:
1994:
1804:
1651:
1635:
1246:
12838:
12774:
12761:
12590:
12579:
12471:
12451:
12286:
12200:
12175:
11906:
11853:
11792:
11683:
11330:
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10949:
10859:
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10589:
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10079:
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9852:
9708:
9569:
9482:
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8014:
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6330:
5993:
5144:
4942:
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4752:
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2156:
2104:
2086:
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2037:
1990:
1949:
1931:
1890:
1849:
1831:
1774:
1761:
Pink, Richard; Hudson, Alan; Mouriès, Marie-Annick; Bendig, Mary (September 2005).
1733:
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1404:
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10149:
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10102:
9872:
9670:
9477:
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9259:
9185:
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9105:
9044:
9040:
8989:
8498:
8489:
7646:
7636:
7095:
6547:
6373:
5781:
5225:
5052:
4743:
4738:
4450:
4319:
4314:
3846:
3665:
3648:
2486:
1836:
1136:"Antimicrobial Porous Media | Microbicidal Technology | Porex Barrier Technology"
929:
688:
479:
433:
107:
11454:
10818:
10062:
7091:
6147:
6143:
4856:
4852:
4008:
4004:
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3996:
2025:
738:
According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and defined by the
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11110:
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10347:
10180:
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9736:
9627:
9587:
9467:
9293:
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8715:
8640:
8384:
8234:
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8076:
8019:
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6920:
6790:
6590:
6585:
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6439:
6434:
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6256:
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4518:
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3543:
3051:
3034:
1721:
1682:
1535:
1038:
1025:
965:
937:
880:
745:
Public health products regulated by the EPA are divided into three categories:
475:
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381:
337:
253:
215:
192:
169:
3742:
3207:
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2208:
2091:
1936:
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1230:
12860:
12617:
12574:
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12409:
12080:
11631:
11600:
11221:
10488:
10441:
10375:
10303:
10262:
10122:
10063:
9892:
9877:
9847:
9842:
9697:
9450:
9445:
9354:
8999:
8871:
8574:
8561:
8552:
8466:
8412:
7979:
7875:
7849:
7656:
7608:
7574:
7529:
7499:
7375:
7355:
7304:
7232:
7212:
6888:
6838:
6828:
6786:
6776:
6766:
6698:
6622:
6580:
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6424:
6393:
6312:
6298:
6286:
6276:
6270:
6266:
6261:
6251:
6206:
5975:
5834:
5449:
5277:
5189:
5183:
5129:
5125:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5070:
5006:
4977:
4967:
4748:
4692:
4684:
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4636:
4608:
4588:
4578:
4573:
4538:
4523:
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4455:
4379:
4344:
4132:
3808:
3793:
3674:
3625:
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3351:
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3279:
3150:
3141:
2962:
2923:
2809:
2777:
2665:
2656:
2510:
2446:
2352:
2100:
2049:
2002:
1945:
1845:
1788:
1729:
1666:
1578:
1537:
Challenges for the Development of New Antibiotics — Rethinking the Approaches
1217:
Kingston W (June 2008). "Irish contributions to the origins of antibiotics".
961:
813:
793:
756:
Sterilizers (Sporicides): Eliminate all bacteria, fungi, spores, and viruses.
691:
684:
596:
499:
467:
461:
414:
184:
151:
146:
139:
42:
11467:
9254:
7396:
2866:
2343:
2135:
Berida T, Adekunle Y, Dada-Adegbola H, Kdimy A, Roy S, Sarker S (May 2024).
1978:
787:
718:
is also known for its antimicrobial properties. Active constituents include
291:
of bacteria, fungi, parasites and some viruses to multiple existing agents.
75:, while the use of antimicrobial medicines to prevent infection is known as
12828:
12766:
12528:
12508:
12456:
12404:
12355:
12155:
12105:
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11287:
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10334:
10231:
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9612:
9507:
9440:
9381:
9061:
8952:
8932:
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8523:
8402:
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8356:
8211:
8101:
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7929:
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7559:
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7494:
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7431:
7284:
7279:
7193:
6843:
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6756:
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5744:
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4728:
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4047:
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3633:
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3019:
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2884:
2828:
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2624:
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2454:
2370:
2216:
2180:
2118:
2010:
1963:
1904:
1863:
1796:
1747:
1690:
1643:
1596:
1569:
1520:
1469:
1428:
1369:
1238:
1121:
703:
672:
595:
A wide range of chemical and natural compounds are used as antimicrobials.
398:
360:
metals known to suppress mold growth e.g. pigments or solutions containing
299:
219:
111:
83:
3109:
2704:
2411:
1501:
1409:
1103:
1086:
Leekha, Surbhi; Terrell, Christine L.; Edson, Randall S. (February 2011).
12721:
12523:
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12015:
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11310:
11305:
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7514:
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7004:
6996:
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4108:
4079:
3365:
3091:
2606:
1361:
715:
608:
604:
600:
507:
449:
386:
Antiviral drugs are a class of medication used specifically for treating
348:
329:
241:
188:
64:
5931:
Insert into bacterial cell wall causing perforation and depolarization:
3747:
12659:
12634:
12602:
12379:
12360:
12350:
12338:
12185:
11797:
11769:
11595:
11555:
11080:
10976:
10957:
10934:
10924:
10916:
10867:
10707:
10658:
10639:
10547:
10541:
10533:
10528:
10508:
10497:
10381:
10367:
10283:
10242:
10237:
10223:
9882:
9857:
9547:
9497:
8866:
8652:
8628:
8616:
8506:
8285:
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8243:
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8004:
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7859:
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7554:
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7489:
7453:
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7222:
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7121:
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6813:
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6570:
6540:
6388:
6201:
6156:
6044:
6039:
6007:
5983:
5954:
5932:
5798:
5771:
5721:
5702:
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5585:
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5545:
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5464:
5430:
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5312:
5281:
5207:
5179:
5158:
5134:
5075:
5066:
4907:
4714:
4674:
4669:
4618:
4598:
4583:
4558:
4513:
4508:
4442:
4413:
4393:
4213:
4208:
4199:
4194:
4179:
4174:
4122:
4074:
3988:
3798:
3329:
503:
265:
231:
211:
196:
91:
56:
2502:
2193:
891:
however.) Ihloff and Kalitzki 1961 find a small but measurable amount
167:
returned from a vacation and discovered that a Petri dish filled with
12731:
12210:
11243:
11238:
11171:
11075:
11046:
10929:
10907:
10899:
10885:
10814:
10672:
10513:
10503:
10328:
10257:
10209:
10174:
10097:
9931:
9502:
9375:
8944:
8861:
8829:
8821:
8646:
8623:
8595:
8540:
8532:
8425:
8420:
8397:
8305:
8258:
8248:
8229:
8096:
8044:
7773:
7732:
7698:
7524:
7480:
7380:
7350:
7345:
7325:
7294:
7245:
7203:
7161:
7116:
6986:
6981:
6971:
6953:
6627:
6595:
6565:
6515:
6368:
6291:
6051:
5937:
5788:
5766:
5739:
5734:
5729:
5707:
5697:
5628:
5599:
5590:
5560:
5515:
5439:
5434:
5425:
5415:
5395:
5367:
5342:
5332:
5317:
5307:
5302:
5262:
5257:
5250:
5239:
5229:
5220:
5101:
5022:
5017:
4844:
4543:
4503:
4490:
4423:
4418:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4229:
4184:
4147:
4142:
4113:
4103:
4093:
3495:"Irradiation of Food FAQ: What is the actual process of irradiation?"
2769:
2738:
2557:
2487:"Essential Oils for the Treatment of Herpes Simplex Virus Infections"
2468:
Blimie Wassertheil (Feb 5, 2018). "Beyond the Bowl of Chicken Soup".
2302:(Press release). Washington, DC: EPA Press Office. 10 February 2021.
957:
801:
719:
491:
483:
429:
418:
333:
311:
245:
30:"Microbicide" redirects here. For microbicides that target STDs, see
3541:
3322:
Antimicrobial Food Additives : Characteristics · Uses · Effects
2898:
Habibi Najafi, Mohammad B.; Haddad Khodaparast, M. H. (2009-01-01).
2300:"EPA Registers Copper Surfaces for Residual Use Against Coronavirus"
1779:
1762:
1609:
130:
Antimicrobial use has been common practice for at least 2000 years.
12714:
12629:
12205:
12180:
12133:
11678:
11248:
11191:
11001:
10986:
10903:
10840:
10717:
10652:
10601:
10584:
10250:
10217:
9773:
9766:
9761:
9731:
9487:
9423:
9418:
8607:
8392:
8290:
7994:
7737:
7689:
7599:
7385:
7255:
7240:
7169:
6632:
6419:
6196:
6027:
5618:
5594:
5580:
5555:
5510:
5483:
5444:
5390:
5245:
5234:
4628:
4098:
4069:
3947:
3544:"Stabilizing vaccines via drying: Quality by design considerations"
1710:
European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases
1190:
Wainwright M (1989). "Moulds in ancient and more recent medicine".
1019:
699:
675:
are attracting interest for the intrinsic antimicrobial behaviors.
525:
495:
391:
325:
320:. In medicine, they are used as a treatment for infections such as
60:
2900:"Efficacy of ozone to reduce microbial populations in date fruits"
2793:"Antimicrobial resistance in the environment: The Indian scenario"
1262:"Louis Pasteur | Biography, Inventions, Achievements, & Facts"
12518:
12389:
11642:
11068:
11010:
10849:
10700:
10596:
10432:
10294:
10113:
9492:
8936:
8475:
8280:
8115:
7727:
7184:
6505:
4613:
3497:. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from
3076:"Antiseptics and Disinfectants: Activity, Action, and Resistance"
1033:
805:
487:
471:
156:
2134:
1551:
Houšť, JiĹ™Ă; SpĂĹľek, Jaroslav; HavlĂÄŤek, VladimĂr (2020-03-12).
694:
are claimed to possess antimicrobial activity, with the oils of
12726:
12291:
11944:
11540:
10991:
10967:
10203:
9795:
9780:
9071:
8295:
5777:
5273:
4710:
3325:
2897:
2540:
Astani, Akram; Reichling, JĂĽrgen; Schnitzler, Paul (May 2010).
2270:"Copper's Virus-Killing Powers Were Known Even to the Ancients"
365:
361:
261:
160:
87:
2638:
Chouhan, Sonam; Sharma, Kanika; Guleria, Sanjay (2017-08-08).
1876:
1763:"Opportunities and Challenges in Antiparasitic Drug Discovery"
1444:"The antibiotic resistance crisis: part 1: causes and threats"
394:, which actively deactivate virus particles outside the body.
11955:
9790:
9675:
9281:
9215:
8513:
7464:
5762:
5211:
4911:
3738:
Overview of the use of Antimicrobials in plastic applications
3252:
970:
884:
707:
551:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
387:
317:
269:
68:
11169:
3598:
3122:
2986:"Antimicrobial resistance: a global multifaceted phenomenon"
2703:. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2000. Archived from
173:
was separated into colonies due to the antimicrobial fungus
11408:
9090:
812:, bottling plants, zoos, municipal drinking-water systems,
625:
369:
3646:
2983:
1976:
316:
Antifungals are used to kill or prevent further growth of
8768:
6943:
6919:
4370:
4021:
3441:"How Cold Does the Temperature Need to be to Kill Germs?"
2867:
Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) (May 2010).
2539:
1918:
Ratia, Carlos; Soengas, Raquel G.; Soto, Sara M. (2022).
1664:
1157:
402:
397:
Many antiviral drugs are designed to treat infections by
10809:
7086:
3732:
2939:"Surface Germicidal Effects of Ozone for Microorganisms"
2137:"Plant antibacterials: The challenges and opportunities"
2023:
1820:"Broad-spectrum therapeutics: A new antimicrobial class"
1667:"Antiviral and Virucidal Activities of Natural Products"
268:
and reasonable eating may help to replace destroyed gut
2383:
1760:
599:
and their salts are used widely in food products, e.g.
5846:
Benzathine benzylpenicillin/procaine benzylpenicillin
2984:
Prestinaci F, Pezzotti P, Pantosti A (October 2015).
1489:
Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases
1482:
1327:(48th ed.). Antimicrobial Therapy Incorporated.
883:-water solutions are used in immersion treatments of
27:
Drug used to kill microorganisms or stop their growth
2637:
2325:
Ermini, Maria Laura; Voliani, Valerio (2021-04-01).
2072:
1920:"Gold-Derived Molecules as New Antimicrobial Agents"
1483:
Tanwar J, Das S, Fatima Z, Hameed S (Jul 16, 2014).
1015:
2384:Smith-Palmer A, Stewart J, Fyfe L (February 1998).
1824:
Current Research in Pharmacology and Drug Discovery
1550:
740:
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
8686:Isoniazid/pyridoxine/sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim
3181:
2467:
1085:
9948:Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services
3182:IngĂłlfsson, Helgi; Andersen, Olaf (August 2011).
1706:"Influenza and antiviral resistance: an overview"
1397:World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology
760:
12858:
3073:
1917:
1307:"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1945"
866:
3184:"Alcohol's Effects on Lipid Bilayer Properties"
2263:
2261:
2259:
1818:Firth, Anton; Prathapan, Praveen (2021-01-01).
710:reported to be the most potent in studies with
452:, and the search for new substances continues.
3948:Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification
3240:"Phenols and Related Compounds – Pharmacology"
2432:
1817:
513:
32:Microbicides for sexually transmitted diseases
11521:
11155:
10795:
10048:
8913:
8754:
8184:
7426:
7412:
7072:
6120:
4825:
3973:
3763:
2324:
1318:
1316:
1289:The British Journal of Experimental Pathology
1088:"General Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy"
664:United States Environmental Protection Agency
549:The examples and perspective in this section
145:In the 19th century, microbiologists such as
82:The main classes of antimicrobial agents are
8676:Ethambutol/isoniazid/pyrazinamide/rifampicin
2790:
2256:
3697:"Physical agents to control microorganisms"
3477:"Physical agents to control microorganisms"
3413:"Physical agents to control microorganisms"
3388:"Physical Agents to Control Microorganisms"
2873:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
2327:"Antimicrobial Nano-Agents: The Copper Age"
1390:
1322:
733:
636:with agents already in use may be minimal.
11162:
11148:
10802:
10788:
10055:
10041:
8920:
8906:
8761:
8747:
8191:
8177:
7419:
7405:
7079:
7065:
6127:
6113:
4832:
4818:
4441:
3980:
3966:
3770:
3756:
2937:Li, Chih-Shan; Wang, Yu-Chun (July 2003).
2849:. Geneva, Nairobi, Paris, Rome. 2021-08-24
2695:
2693:
2484:
1485:"Multidrug resistance: an emerging crisis"
1313:
1189:
771:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
567:, or create a new section, as appropriate.
240:. Antibiotics are classified generally as
195:used Fleming's work to purify and extract
5953:Inhibits PG elongation and crosslinking:
3920:Antibiotics in poultry farming in America
3777:
3664:
3559:
3313:
3296:
3278:
3215:
3158:
3140:
3099:
3050:
3009:
2818:
2808:
2673:
2655:
2614:
2565:
2401:
2360:
2342:
2170:
2160:
2108:
2090:
2057:
1953:
1935:
1894:
1853:
1835:
1778:
1737:
1586:
1568:
1510:
1500:
1459:
1418:
1408:
1111:
990:
650:Antimicrobial copper-alloy touch surfaces
583:Learn how and when to remove this message
199:for medicinal uses earning them the 1945
181:British Journal of Experimental Pathology
3381:
3379:
2591:"Plant products as antimicrobial agents"
2267:
1350:The American Journal of Gastroenterology
1216:
210:
12236:Ear-Nose-Throat/Upper respiratory tract
11409:Access to water, sanitation and hygiene
2751:
2724:
2690:
2292:
1703:
1441:
1286:
1259:
932:can be sterilized by heating them in a
819:
142:and plant extracts to treat infection.
14:
12859:
12819:Infectious disease (medical specialty)
12711:Antimicrobial resistance surveillance
3925:Subtherapeutic antibiotic use in swine
3074:McDonnell, G.; Russell, A. D. (1999).
3032:
2936:
2791:Taneja, Neelam; Sharma, Megha (2019).
2197:Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
1347:
1325:Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy
260:, which may have a negative impact on
11143:
10783:
10036:
8901:
8742:
8172:
7400:
7060:
6108:
4813:
3961:
3944:
3751:
3733:National Pesticide Information Center
3385:
3376:
2588:
2130:
2128:
1540:. National Academies Press. NBK19843.
531:
12066:Compartmental models in epidemiology
3319:
3035:"Antimicrobial Activity of Halogens"
2701:"What Are Antimicrobial Pesticides?"
895:of fruits processed in this manner.
887:for packing. (It is not used on the
535:
498:. Antiparasitic medications include
3393:. Uniwersytet Medyczny we Wrocławiu
1002:
668:antimicrobial copper alloy surfaces
24:
9975:Eradication of infectious diseases
9732:Androvax (androstenedione albumin)
2797:Indian Journal of Medical Research
2306:from the original on 22 March 2023
2280:from the original on 20 March 2023
2125:
1068:from the original on 24 April 2009
646:Antimicrobial properties of copper
25:
12883:
9565:Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
8769:Immune sera and immunoglobulins (
8691:Rifampicin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide
5978:subunit synthesis and transport:
3706:
3033:Odlaug, Theron E. (August 1981).
1983:Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry
1062:Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
726:. Despite their prevalent use in
678:
455:
444:viruses have become resistant to
236:Antibacterials are used to treat
225:
114:agents, which kill bacteria, and
12815:Economics of Infectious Diseases
10485:Glutamate-gated chloride channel
9954:Alternative vaccination schedule
8929:Artificial induction of immunity
3521:"UV Disinfection Drinking Water"
3483:from the original on 2017-08-19.
2752:Sanders, Frank T. (2003-02-05).
2403:10.1046/j.1472-765x.1998.00303.x
1616:Science of the Total Environment
1219:Irish Journal of Medical Science
1018:
540:
8681:Ethambutol/isoniazid/rifampicin
7902:thymidylate synthase inhibitors
3720:Wounds list of antimicrobials (
3689:
3640:
3592:
3535:
3513:
3487:
3469:
3447:
3433:
3419:
3405:
3358:
3246:
3232:
3175:
3116:
3067:
3026:
2977:
2930:
2891:
2860:
2835:
2784:
2745:
2718:
2631:
2582:
2533:
2478:
2461:
2426:
2390:Letters in Applied Microbiology
2377:
2318:
2268:Morrison, Jim (14 April 2020).
2231:
2187:
2066:
2017:
1995:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.02.015
1970:
1911:
1870:
1811:
1754:
1697:
1658:
1636:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.210
1603:
1544:
1527:
1476:
1435:
1391:Kellermayer R (November 2013).
1384:
1341:
1309:. The Nobel Prize Organization.
808:, food and hygiene production,
425:, are usually treated with the
351:in damp or wet home materials.
86:(non-selective agents, such as
12824:Infectious disease informatics
12655:Transmission-based precautions
9786:Ovandrotone albumin (Fecundin)
5876:Imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam
4481:transpeptidation/translocation
3889:Antimicrobial pharmacodynamics
3548:Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
3002:10.1179/2047773215Y.0000000030
2916:10.1016/j.foodcont.2008.01.010
1299:
1280:
1268:. Encyclopedia Britannica, inc
1253:
1210:
1183:
1128:
1079:
981:
761:Antimicrobial pesticide safety
305:
13:
1:
12241:Chest/Lower respiratory tract
12016:Ocular (Eye) mucosal membrane
11377:Behavioral/lifestyle factors
9322:Group B streptococcal disease
9141:Vaccines for Children Program
6470:Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
3606:Journal of Hospital Infection
3080:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
2595:Clinical Microbiology Reviews
2162:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31145
2042:10.1080/07853890.2021.1896913
1767:Nature Reviews Drug Discovery
1204:10.1016/S0269-915X(89)80010-2
1044:
867:Phenol and Phenolic compounds
775:personal protective equipment
712:foodborne bacterial pathogens
666:approved the registration of
375:
11803:Aerosol-generating procedure
11581:Silent/Subclinical infection
11281:Multidrug-resistant bacteria
3666:10.1021/acs.analchem.0c00367
1837:10.1016/j.crphar.2020.100011
1323:Gilbert DN, Saag MS (2018).
943:
898:
800:plants, textile production,
620:Heavy metal cations such as
296:respiratory tract infections
7:
12467:Vaccine-preventable disease
12415:Monoclonal antibody therapy
8807:Hepatitis B immune globulin
8575:Thioacetazone (amithiozone)
8376:Protein synthesis inhibitor
6475:Ormetoprim/sulfadimethoxine
5901:Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid
5821:Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid
4958:Phenoxymethylpenicillin (V)
4948:Benzathine benzylpenicillin
3915:Antibiotic use in livestock
2990:Pathogens and Global Health
2435:Current Medicinal Chemistry
1704:Lampejo, Temi (July 2020).
1671:Current Medicinal Chemistry
1171:. World Health Organization
1011:
907:
844:
832:
563:, discuss the issue on the
514:Broad-spectrum therapeutics
206:
10:
12888:
12608:Respiratory source control
10523:+esafoxolaner/praziquantel
10339:+esafoxolaner/eprinomectin
10190:+esafoxolaner/eprinomectin
3618:10.1016/j.jhin.2015.09.008
3561:10.1016/j.addr.2022.114313
3427:"Fractional sterilization"
3386:Pawel (21 November 2011).
3334:Springer Berlin Heidelberg
3052:10.4315/0362-028X-44.8.608
3039:Journal of Food Protection
1883:Journal of Food Protection
1722:10.1007/s10096-020-03840-9
1683:10.2174/092986709788682065
1165:"Antimicrobial resistance"
916:
874:Staphylococcus epidermidis
785:
643:
520:Broad-spectrum therapeutic
517:
459:
379:
309:
229:
125:
73:antimicrobial chemotherapy
29:
12798:
12752:Global Health Initiatives
12742:Evolutionary epidemiology
12690:
12482:
12437:Post-exposure prophylaxis
12373:Antimicrobial stewardship
12331:
12318:
12223:
12114:
12096:Multiplicity of infection
12061:Basic reproduction number
12036:
12008:
11994:
11980:
11964:
11932:
11894:
11837:Percutaneous inoculation
11823:
11785:
11778:
11760:
11692:
11659:
11652:
11616:
11609:
11512:
11399:
11321:Host–pathogen interaction
11296:
11190:
11183:
11094:
11055:
11037:
11019:
11000:
10966:
10948:
10915:
10898:
10876:
10858:
10839:
10826:
10740:
10627:
10568:
10483:
10430:
10414:
10320:
10292:
10277:
10166:
10139:
10111:
10096:
10089:Antiplatyhelmintic agents
10087:
9993:
9962:
9901:
9833:
9724:
9696:
9663:
9337:
9168:
9161:
9080:
9008:
8960:
8842:
8820:
8787:
8778:
8699:
8663:
8587:
8522:
8488:
8465:
8456:
8434:
8411:
8383:
8374:
8342:
8314:
8267:
8228:
8219:
8129:
7970:bromochlorosalicylanilide
7962:
7940:Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase
7938:
7919:
7895:
7888:
7833:
7812:
7789:
7763:
7752:
7711:
7688:
7598:
7479:
7463:
7452:
7443:
7313:
7269:
7231:
7202:
7183:
7160:
7103:
7017:
6995:
6952:
6942:
6905:
6877:
6856:
6799:
6727:
6679:
6613:
6604:
6556:
6528:
6493:
6485:Pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine
6462:
6412:
6349:
6321:
6242:
6227:
6177:
6155:
6065:
6017:
5967:
5946:
5922:
5913:
5826:Ampicillin/flucloxacillin
5813:
5753:
5720:
5688:
5670:
5642:
5609:
5474:
5381:
5293:
5272:
5206:
5172:
5143:
5110:
5051:
5040:
4991:
4953:Procaine benzylpenicillin
4931:
4920:
4906:
4864:
4770:
4725:Quinupristin/dalfopristin
4683:
4655:
4627:
4489:
4478:
4432:
4378:
4369:
4343:
4257:
4242:
4222:
4161:
4044:
4029:
4020:
3993:inhibit protein synthesis
3955:
3907:
3899:Production of antibiotics
3881:
3868:Antimicrobial stewardship
3860:
3817:
3786:
3208:10.1016/j.bpj.2011.07.013
3129:Frontiers in Microbiology
2955:10.1080/15428110308984851
2589:Cowan MM (October 1999).
2485:Schnitzler, Paul (2019).
2209:10.1007/s12010-009-8737-2
2092:10.3390/molecules25092052
1937:10.3389/fmicb.2022.846959
1924:Frontiers in Microbiology
1896:10.4315/0362-028X-64.1.58
1442:Ventola CL (April 2015).
1260:Ullmann A (23 Dec 2019).
1231:10.1007/s11845-008-0139-x
810:pharmaceutical industries
767:World Health Organization
639:
417:, best known for causing
336:. Thus, fungal and human
77:antimicrobial prophylaxis
49:) or stops their growth (
12570:Protective sequestration
12432:Pre-exposure prophylaxis
11723:Generational difference
11276:Horizontal gene transfer
11266:Antimicrobial resistance
9317:Clostridioides difficile
8458:Cell envelope antibiotic
8344:Topoisomerase inhibitors
4244:Tetracycline antibiotics
3830:Antimicrobial resistance
3280:10.3389/fchem.2019.00653
3142:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00577
2810:10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_331_18
2657:10.3390/medicines4030058
2447:10.2174/0929867033457719
923:Moist heat sterilization
781:
734:Antimicrobial pesticides
446:neuraminidase inhibitors
289:antimicrobial resistance
279:Clostridioides difficile
163:. On September 3, 1928,
120:antimicrobial resistance
12757:Microbial phylogenetics
12675:Wastewater surveillance
12196:Geographic distribution
12071:Critical community size
11869:Surgical site infection
11717:Iatrogenic/Medical care
11636:Microbial translocation
11632:Endogenous reactivation
11627:Normal flora overgrowth
11576:Opportunistic infection
11348:Opportunistic infection
9575:Tick-borne encephalitis
8797:Anthrax immune globulin
8436:Polypeptide antibiotics
8328:Calcium aminosalicylate
5891:Piperacillin/tazobactam
5851:Cefepime/enmetazobactam
3523:. Water Research Center
2344:10.1021/acsnano.0c10756
2239:"Copper Touch Surfaces"
1266:Encyclopedia Britannica
1092:Mayo Clinic Proceedings
936:. Heat is also used in
912:
878:Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
201:Nobel Prize in Medicine
41:is an agent that kills
12829:Microbial bioterrorism
12452:efficacy/effectiveness
11860:Surgical intervention
11752:Breakthrough infection
11374:Genetic predisposition
11358:Susceptible individual
11205:Germ theory of disease
9985:List of vaccine topics
8985:Mathematical modelling
8887:Tixagevimab/cilgavimab
8812:Zoster-immune globulin
8802:Rho(D) immune globulin
8333:Sodium aminosalicylate
8221:Nucleic acid inhibitor
8204:tuberculosis treatment
7754:Squalene monooxygenase
7591:Systemic: ketoconazole
6384:Sulfamethoxypyridazine
5982:synthesis inhibition (
5866:Ceftolozane/tazobactam
5856:Cefoperazone/sulbactam
5755:β-lactamase inhibitors
3842:Antibiotic prophylaxis
3825:Antibiotic sensitivity
3336:. pp. XXIIX+260.
3259:Frontiers in Chemistry
1570:10.3390/metabo10030106
991:Antimicrobial surfaces
919:Dry heat sterilization
478:, which are caused by
222:
12665:Universal precautions
11623:Endogenous overgrowth
11475:Poultry and livestock
9980:Vaccinate Your Family
9431:Japanese encephalitis
8844:Monoclonal antibodies
8780:Polyclonal antibodies
8503:arabinosyltransferase
8323:4-Aminosalicylic acid
7782:Systemic: terbinafine
6857:Newer non-fluorinated
6494:Other DHPS inhibitors
6480:Pyrimethamine/dapsone
6307:Succinylsulfathiazole
6303:Phthalylsulfathiazole
6187:2,4-Diaminopyrimidine
5896:Sulbactam/durlobactam
5881:Meropenem/vaborbactam
5861:Ceftazidime/avibactam
4993:β-lactamase resistant
4933:β-lactamase sensitive
2847:WHO Departmental News
2546:Phytotherapy Research
1410:10.4291/wjgp.v4.i4.91
1104:10.4065/mcp.2010.0639
860:Staphylococcus aureus
724:secondary metabolites
409:include the class of
214:
116:bacteriostatic agents
12767:Genomic reassortment
12747:Genetic epidemiology
12586:Health communication
12514:Flattening the curve
12504:Disease surveillance
12287:Systemic/Generalized
12051:Animal disease model
11531:Asymptomatic carrier
11004:-containing products
10970:-containing products
10843:-containing products
10695:naphthalenesulfonate
10579:tetrahydropyrimidine
10416:Antinematodal agents
9863:John Franklin Enders
8671:Ethambutol/isoniazid
8070:Whitfield's ointment
7897:Pyrimidine analogues
7713:Polyene antimycotics
7314:Other antibacterials
6281:Acetyl sulfisoxazole
6140:inhibit nucleic acid
5886:Panipenem/betamipron
5831:Ampicillin/sulbactam
4943:Benzylpenicillin (G)
4877:cell wall by binding
4434:Peptidyl transferase
3930:Pesticide resistance
3653:Analytical Chemistry
3320:LĂĽck, Erich (1997).
3092:10.1128/CMR.12.1.147
2607:10.1128/CMR.12.4.564
2274:Smithsonian Magazine
1362:10.1038/ajg.2012.450
820:Antimicrobial scrubs
798:wastewater treatment
728:alternative medicine
561:improve this section
407:antiretroviral drugs
238:bacterial infections
52:bacteriostatic agent
12834:Pandemic prevention
12790:Viral phylodynamics
12771:Re-emerging disease
12660:Travel restrictions
11864:Postoperative wound
11833:Blood-borne disease
11815:Respiratory droplet
11727:Vertical/Congenital
11712:Nosocomial/Hospital
11669:Spillover infection
10728:Tetrachloroethylene
9049:Virus-like particle
8973:Vaccine ingredients
8539:synth. inhibition:
6656:Alalevonadifloxacin
6323:Intermediate-acting
5871:Imipenem/cilastatin
5841:Aztreonam/avibactam
5652:Ceftaroline fosamil
4063:Dihydrostreptomycin
3894:List of antibiotics
3271:2019FrCh....7..653W
3200:2011BpJ...101..847I
3188:Biophysical Journal
2153:2024Heliy..1031145B
1628:2019ScTEn.670..292M
1502:10.1155/2014/541340
893:remains in the skin
427:nucleoside analogue
411:protease inhibitors
12780:Selection pressure
12076:Force of infection
11704:Contagious disease
11639:Endogenous seeding
11536:Chain of infection
11460:Injection drug use
11371:Vaccination status
11254:Case fatality rate
11172:infectious disease
11121:Never to phase III
10767:Never to phase III
10645:Diethylcarbamazine
10020:Never to phase III
9819:Hexavalent vaccine
9633:Epstein–Barr virus
9528:Oxford–AstraZeneca
9221:NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135
8726:Never to phase III
8208:leprostatic agents
8200:Antimycobacterials
8156:Never to phase III
8060:tribromometacresol
8030:sodium thiosulfate
8025:selenium disulfide
7921:Mitotic inhibitors
7044:Never to phase III
6545:thereby inhibiting
6533:(inhibit bacterial
6379:Sulfametoxydiazine
6167:thereby inhibiting
6160:(inhibit bacterial
6092:Never to phase III
6024:Hydrolyze NAM-NAG
5112:Carboxypenicillins
4875:layer of bacterial
4871:(inhibit synthesis
4797:Never to phase III
2030:Annals of Medicine
1553:"Antifungal Drugs"
788:Ozone Applications
532:Non-pharmaceutical
353:Sodium bicarbonate
223:
176:Penicillium rubens
12854:
12853:
12844:Tropical medicine
12785:Synthetic biology
12686:
12685:
12645:Social distancing
12598:Outbreak response
12219:
12218:
12046:Agent-based model
12032:
12031:
12028:
12027:
12024:
12023:
11571:Natural reservoir
11561:Infectious period
11551:Incubation period
11508:
11507:
11464:Natural disaster
11433:Tropical diseases
11416:Biodiversity loss
11353:Risk of infection
11343:Microbiome health
11336:Immunosuppression
11137:
11136:
11131:
11130:
11090:
11089:
10894:
10893:
10811:Ectoparasiticides
10777:
10776:
10736:
10735:
10410:
10409:
10406:
10405:
10273:
10272:
10030:
10029:
9942:Vaccines and SIDS
9829:
9828:
9603:Hepatitis A and B
9579:Varicella zoster
9041:Subunit/component
8895:
8894:
8838:
8837:
8736:
8735:
8583:
8582:
8573:Others/unsorted:
8452:
8451:
8370:
8369:
8166:
8165:
7958:
7957:
7884:
7883:
7835:β-glucan synthase
7829:
7828:
7808:
7807:
7707:
7706:
7394:
7393:
7109:Lipoglycopeptides
7054:
7053:
7013:
7012:
6938:
6937:
6901:
6900:
6852:
6851:
6524:
6523:
6458:
6457:
6163:purine metabolism
6102:
6101:
5963:
5962:
5909:
5908:
5716:
5715:
5498:Antipseudomonal (
5406:Cefuroxime axetil
5202:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5145:Ureidopenicillins
5036:
5035:
4900:
4893:
4889:
4879:to and inhibiting
4807:
4806:
4766:
4765:
4762:
4761:
4474:
4473:
4365:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4270:Chlortetracycline
4238:
4237:
3946:Related drugs by
3938:
3937:
3873:Antibiotic misuse
3659:(10): 6795–6800.
3479:. 4 August 2017.
3343:978-3-642-59202-7
2758:Pesticide Outlook
2727:Pesticide Outlook
2503:10.1159/000501062
2474:. pp. 46–50.
2036:(sup1): S29–S30.
1677:(20): 2485–2497.
976:Ultraviolet light
934:conventional oven
889:packing materials
593:
592:
585:
357:hydrogen peroxide
274:Stool transplants
264:. Consumption of
165:Alexander Fleming
132:Ancient Egyptians
67:are used against
59:are used against
16:(Redirected from
12879:
12839:Tropical disease
12775:Reverse zoonosis
12762:One Health Model
12591:Health education
12580:Community health
12499:Cordon sanitaire
12472:Ring vaccination
12442:Repurposed drugs
12329:
12328:
12248:Gastrointestinal
12091:Machine learning
11895:Gastrointestinal
11846:Intravenous line
11783:
11782:
11697:/Cross-infection
11684:Reverse zoonosis
11657:
11656:
11614:
11613:
11519:
11518:
11500:War and conflict
11368:Nutrition status
11331:Immunodeficiency
11188:
11187:
11164:
11157:
11150:
11141:
11140:
10950:Chloride channel
10913:
10912:
10860:Chloride channel
10837:
10836:
10804:
10797:
10790:
10781:
10780:
10590:pyrantel pamoate
10558:Milbemycin oxime
10428:
10427:
10422:macrofilaricides
10290:
10289:
10109:
10108:
10103:schistosomicides
10094:
10093:
10057:
10050:
10043:
10034:
10033:
9921:MMR autism fraud
9868:Maurice Hilleman
9853:Hilary Koprowski
9166:
9165:
8922:
8915:
8908:
8899:
8898:
8785:
8784:
8763:
8756:
8749:
8740:
8739:
8463:
8462:
8381:
8380:
8226:
8225:
8193:
8186:
8179:
8170:
8169:
8065:undecylenic acid
8015:potassium iodide
7893:
7892:
7761:
7760:
7477:
7476:
7461:
7460:
7450:
7449:
7421:
7414:
7407:
7398:
7397:
7081:
7074:
7067:
7058:
7057:
6950:
6949:
6917:
6916:
6652:Levonadifloxacin
6611:
6610:
6606:Fluoroquinolones
6554:
6553:
6359:Sulfadimethoxine
6331:Sulfamethoxazole
6252:Sulfaisodimidine
6240:
6239:
6175:
6174:
6129:
6122:
6115:
6106:
6105:
5920:
5919:
5291:
5290:
5147:(4th generation)
5114:(4th generation)
5055:(3rd generation)
5053:Aminopenicillins
5049:
5048:
4996:(2nd generation)
4936:(1st generation)
4929:
4928:
4918:
4917:
4904:
4903:
4899:
4891:
4887:
4873:of peptidoglycan
4869:
4834:
4827:
4820:
4811:
4810:
4487:
4486:
4439:
4438:
4376:
4375:
4325:Rolitetracycline
4255:
4254:
4042:
4041:
4027:
4026:
3982:
3975:
3968:
3959:
3958:
3942:
3941:
3852:Directed therapy
3772:
3765:
3758:
3749:
3748:
3701:
3700:
3699:. 4 August 2017.
3693:
3687:
3686:
3668:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3596:
3590:
3589:
3563:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3517:
3511:
3510:
3508:
3506:
3501:on 20 April 2016
3491:
3485:
3484:
3473:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3451:
3445:
3444:
3437:
3431:
3430:
3423:
3417:
3416:
3415:. 4 August 2017.
3409:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3392:
3383:
3374:
3373:
3370:Basicmedical Key
3362:
3356:
3355:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3300:
3282:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3236:
3230:
3229:
3219:
3179:
3173:
3172:
3162:
3144:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3103:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3054:
3030:
3024:
3023:
3013:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2864:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2839:
2833:
2832:
2822:
2812:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2770:10.1039/B314854H
2749:
2743:
2742:
2739:10.1039/b314854h
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2697:
2688:
2687:
2677:
2659:
2635:
2629:
2628:
2618:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2569:
2558:10.1002/ptr.2955
2537:
2531:
2530:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2405:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2364:
2346:
2337:(4): 6008–6029.
2322:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2296:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2265:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2241:. Archived from
2235:
2229:
2228:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2174:
2164:
2132:
2123:
2122:
2112:
2094:
2070:
2064:
2063:
2061:
2021:
2015:
2014:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1957:
1939:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1898:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1857:
1839:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1782:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1741:
1716:(7): 1201–1208.
1701:
1695:
1694:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1590:
1572:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1514:
1504:
1480:
1474:
1473:
1463:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1422:
1412:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1320:
1311:
1310:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1214:
1208:
1207:
1187:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1142:. Archived from
1132:
1126:
1125:
1115:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1054:
1028:
1023:
1022:
1003:Osmotic pressure
973:
952:to kill harmful
948:Foods are often
852:Escherichia coli
634:cross-resistance
614:Escherichia coli
588:
581:
577:
574:
568:
544:
543:
536:
258:enteric bacteria
108:fluoroquinolones
102:agents, such as
21:
12887:
12886:
12882:
12881:
12880:
12878:
12877:
12876:
12857:
12856:
12855:
12850:
12794:
12707:Antigenic shift
12702:Antigenic drift
12693:
12682:
12546:Barrier nursing
12494:Contact tracing
12485:
12478:
12323:
12321:
12314:
12225:
12215:
12116:
12110:
12101:Serial interval
12020:
12004:
11995:Cervico-vaginal
11990:
11981:Trans-placental
11976:
11960:
11928:
11890:
11826:Vascular system
11825:
11819:
11774:
11762:
11756:
11696:
11688:
11648:
11605:
11523:
11504:
11395:
11326:Immune response
11292:
11271:Drug resistance
11215:Infectious dose
11179:
11168:
11138:
11133:
11132:
11127:
11126:
11111:Clinical trials
11086:
11056:Other/ungrouped
11051:
11039:Organophosphate
11033:
11029:Benzyl benzoate
11015:
10996:
10962:
10944:
10890:
10878:Organophosphate
10872:
10854:
10822:
10808:
10778:
10773:
10772:
10757:Clinical trials
10732:
10713:Hexylresorcinol
10623:
10564:
10479:
10420:
10418:
10402:
10316:
10281:
10269:
10162:
10150:phosphonic acid
10135:
10129:Triclabendazole
10100:
10098:Antitrematodals
10083:
10061:
10031:
10026:
10025:
10010:Clinical trials
9989:
9958:
9897:
9873:Stanley Plotkin
9835:
9825:
9737:Cancer vaccines
9720:
9714:Schistosomiasis
9692:
9686:Trypanosomiasis
9659:
9623:Cytomegalovirus
9533:Pfizer–BioNTech
9333:
9157:
9106:Vaccine wastage
9076:
9004:
8956:
8926:
8896:
8891:
8834:
8816:
8774:
8767:
8737:
8732:
8731:
8716:Clinical trials
8695:
8659:
8579:
8518:
8499:Ethylenediamine
8490:Arabinogalactan
8484:
8448:
8430:
8407:
8385:Aminoglycosides
8366:
8347:
8338:
8310:
8263:
8233:
8215:
8197:
8167:
8162:
8161:
8146:Clinical trials
8125:
7954:
7934:
7915:
7900:
7880:
7837:
7825:
7804:
7785:
7781:
7756:
7748:
7740:
7715:
7703:
7684:
7637:fosravuconazole
7594:
7470:
7469:lanosterol 14α-
7456:
7445:
7439:
7425:
7395:
7390:
7309:
7265:
7227:
7198:
7179:
7156:
7107:
7099:
7085:
7055:
7050:
7049:
7034:Clinical trials
7009:
6991:
6957:
6934:
6910:
6897:
6873:
6848:
6795:
6723:
6675:
6600:
6548:DNA replication
6546:
6544:
6538:
6534:
6532:
6520:
6489:
6454:
6413:Other/ungrouped
6408:
6374:Sulfametomidine
6345:
6317:
6231:
6223:
6170:
6168:
6166:
6161:
6159:
6151:
6133:
6103:
6098:
6097:
6082:Clinical trials
6061:
6013:
5959:
5942:
5905:
5809:
5782:Clavulanic acid
5749:
5712:
5684:
5666:
5638:
5605:
5470:
5377:
5284:
5280:
5276:
5268:
5226:Antipseudomonal
5194:
5168:
5139:
5106:
5043:
5032:
4995:
4987:
4935:
4923:
4896:transpeptidases
4895:
4885:
4880:
4878:
4876:
4874:
4872:
4870:
4868:
4860:
4838:
4808:
4803:
4802:
4787:Clinical trials
4758:
4744:Streptogramin B
4739:Streptogramin A
4679:
4651:
4623:
4470:
4451:Chloramphenicol
4428:
4382:
4357:
4339:
4320:Penimepicycline
4315:Oxytetracycline
4246:
4234:
4218:
4157:
4033:
4031:Aminoglycosides
4016:
3986:
3951:
3939:
3934:
3903:
3877:
3856:
3847:Empiric therapy
3813:
3782:
3776:
3709:
3704:
3695:
3694:
3690:
3645:
3641:
3597:
3593:
3540:
3536:
3526:
3524:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3504:
3502:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3460:
3458:
3453:
3452:
3448:
3439:
3438:
3434:
3425:
3424:
3420:
3411:
3410:
3406:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3384:
3377:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3344:
3318:
3314:
3251:
3247:
3238:
3237:
3233:
3180:
3176:
3121:
3117:
3072:
3068:
3031:
3027:
2982:
2978:
2935:
2931:
2896:
2892:
2865:
2861:
2852:
2850:
2841:
2840:
2836:
2789:
2785:
2750:
2746:
2723:
2719:
2710:
2708:
2699:
2698:
2691:
2636:
2632:
2587:
2583:
2538:
2534:
2483:
2479:
2466:
2462:
2431:
2427:
2382:
2378:
2323:
2319:
2309:
2307:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2283:
2281:
2266:
2257:
2248:
2246:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2192:
2188:
2133:
2126:
2071:
2067:
2022:
2018:
1975:
1971:
1916:
1912:
1875:
1871:
1816:
1812:
1780:10.1038/nrd1824
1759:
1755:
1702:
1698:
1663:
1659:
1608:
1604:
1549:
1545:
1532:
1528:
1481:
1477:
1440:
1436:
1389:
1385:
1346:
1342:
1335:
1321:
1314:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1285:
1281:
1271:
1269:
1258:
1254:
1215:
1211:
1188:
1184:
1174:
1172:
1163:
1162:
1158:
1149:
1147:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1084:
1080:
1071:
1069:
1058:"Antimicrobial"
1056:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1024:
1017:
1014:
1005:
997:copper toxicity
993:
984:
969:
946:
925:
917:Main articles:
915:
910:
901:
869:
847:
835:
822:
790:
784:
763:
736:
681:
652:
644:Main articles:
642:
589:
578:
572:
569:
558:
545:
541:
534:
522:
516:
494:and infectious
464:
458:
434:Viral hepatitis
384:
378:
314:
308:
254:aminoglycosides
234:
228:
209:
128:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
12885:
12875:
12874:
12869:
12867:Antimicrobials
12852:
12851:
12849:
12848:
12847:
12846:
12836:
12831:
12826:
12821:
12816:
12813:
12808:
12802:
12800:
12796:
12795:
12793:
12792:
12787:
12782:
12777:
12772:
12769:
12764:
12759:
12754:
12749:
12744:
12739:
12737:Emergent virus
12734:
12729:
12724:
12719:
12718:
12717:
12709:
12704:
12698:
12696:
12688:
12687:
12684:
12683:
12681:
12680:
12677:
12672:
12670:Vector control
12667:
12662:
12657:
12652:
12647:
12642:
12637:
12632:
12627:
12626:
12625:
12620:
12615:
12613:N95 respirator
12605:
12600:
12595:
12594:
12593:
12588:
12583:
12572:
12567:
12566:
12565:
12555:
12550:
12549:
12548:
12538:
12537:
12536:
12531:
12526:
12516:
12511:
12506:
12501:
12496:
12490:
12488:
12486:pharmaceutical
12480:
12479:
12477:
12476:
12475:
12474:
12469:
12464:
12459:
12454:
12444:
12439:
12434:
12429:
12424:
12419:
12418:
12417:
12407:
12402:
12397:
12392:
12387:
12382:
12377:
12376:
12375:
12365:
12364:
12363:
12353:
12348:
12347:
12346:
12335:
12333:
12332:Pharmaceutical
12326:
12316:
12315:
12313:
12312:
12309:
12304:
12299:
12294:
12289:
12284:
12283:Cardiovascular
12281:
12276:
12271:
12268:
12263:
12262:Nervous system
12260:
12257:
12256:
12255:
12245:
12244:
12243:
12238:
12229:
12227:
12221:
12220:
12217:
12216:
12214:
12213:
12208:
12203:
12198:
12193:
12188:
12183:
12178:
12173:
12168:
12163:
12158:
12153:
12148:
12147:
12146:
12141:
12131:
12126:
12120:
12118:
12112:
12111:
12109:
12108:
12103:
12098:
12093:
12088:
12086:Infection rate
12083:
12078:
12073:
12068:
12063:
12058:
12053:
12048:
12042:
12040:
12034:
12033:
12030:
12029:
12026:
12025:
12022:
12021:
12019:
12018:
12012:
12010:
12006:
12005:
12003:
12002:
11998:
11996:
11992:
11991:
11989:
11988:
11984:
11982:
11978:
11977:
11975:
11974:
11968:
11966:
11962:
11961:
11959:
11958:
11952:
11947:
11942:
11936:
11934:
11930:
11929:
11927:
11926:
11921:
11916:
11911:
11910:
11909:
11898:
11896:
11892:
11891:
11889:
11888:
11887:
11886:
11881:
11873:
11872:
11871:
11866:
11858:
11857:
11856:
11851:
11848:
11843:
11841:Injection site
11835:
11829:
11827:
11821:
11820:
11818:
11817:
11812:
11810:Dental aerosol
11807:
11806:
11805:
11795:
11789:
11787:
11780:
11776:
11775:
11773:
11772:
11766:
11764:
11758:
11757:
11755:
11754:
11749:
11748:
11747:
11742:
11741:
11740:
11735:
11732:
11721:
11720:
11719:
11714:
11706:
11700:
11698:
11694:Human-to-human
11690:
11689:
11687:
11686:
11681:
11676:
11671:
11665:
11663:
11654:
11650:
11649:
11647:
11646:
11640:
11637:
11634:
11629:
11624:
11620:
11618:
11611:
11607:
11606:
11604:
11603:
11598:
11593:
11591:Super-spreader
11588:
11586:Superinfection
11583:
11578:
11573:
11568:
11563:
11558:
11553:
11548:
11543:
11538:
11533:
11527:
11525:
11516:
11510:
11509:
11506:
11505:
11503:
11502:
11497:
11495:Vector control
11492:
11487:
11482:
11477:
11472:
11471:
11470:
11462:
11457:
11452:
11447:
11442:
11437:
11436:
11435:
11430:
11424:Climate zones
11422:
11420:Climate change
11417:
11414:
11411:
11405:
11403:
11397:
11396:
11394:
11393:
11392:
11391:
11388:
11385:
11384:
11383:
11375:
11372:
11369:
11366:
11363:
11355:
11350:
11345:
11340:
11339:
11338:
11333:
11323:
11318:
11313:
11308:
11302:
11300:
11294:
11293:
11291:
11290:
11285:
11284:
11283:
11278:
11273:
11263:
11262:
11261:
11256:
11251:
11246:
11236:
11234:Quorum sensing
11231:
11230:
11229:
11219:
11218:
11217:
11207:
11202:
11196:
11194:
11185:
11181:
11180:
11167:
11166:
11159:
11152:
11144:
11135:
11134:
11129:
11128:
11125:
11124:
11123:
11122:
11119:
11108:
11102:
11096:
11095:
11092:
11091:
11088:
11087:
11085:
11084:
11072:
11065:
11059:
11057:
11053:
11052:
11050:
11049:
11043:
11041:
11035:
11034:
11032:
11031:
11025:
11023:
11017:
11016:
11014:
11013:
11007:
11005:
10998:
10997:
10995:
10994:
10989:
10984:
10979:
10973:
10971:
10964:
10963:
10961:
10960:
10954:
10952:
10946:
10945:
10943:
10942:
10937:
10932:
10927:
10921:
10919:
10910:
10896:
10895:
10892:
10891:
10889:
10888:
10882:
10880:
10874:
10873:
10871:
10870:
10864:
10862:
10856:
10855:
10853:
10852:
10846:
10844:
10834:
10824:
10823:
10807:
10806:
10799:
10792:
10784:
10775:
10774:
10771:
10770:
10769:
10768:
10765:
10754:
10748:
10742:
10741:
10738:
10737:
10734:
10733:
10731:
10730:
10725:
10723:Tribendimidine
10720:
10715:
10710:
10705:
10704:
10703:
10691:
10690:
10689:
10681:benzylammonium
10677:
10676:
10675:
10663:
10662:
10661:
10649:
10648:
10647:
10642:
10631:
10629:
10625:
10624:
10622:
10621:
10620:
10619:
10609:
10604:
10599:
10594:
10593:
10592:
10574:
10572:
10566:
10565:
10563:
10562:
10561:
10560:
10555:
10538:
10537:
10536:
10531:
10526:
10516:
10511:
10506:
10493:
10491:
10481:
10480:
10478:
10477:
10476:
10475:
10470:
10468:Ciclobendazole
10465:
10460:
10455:
10450:
10437:
10435:
10425:
10412:
10411:
10408:
10407:
10404:
10403:
10401:
10400:
10399:
10398:
10386:
10385:
10384:
10372:
10371:
10370:
10358:
10357:
10356:
10348:salicylanilide
10344:
10343:
10342:
10324:
10322:
10318:
10317:
10315:
10314:
10313:
10312:
10299:
10297:
10287:
10275:
10274:
10271:
10270:
10268:
10267:
10266:
10265:
10260:
10247:
10246:
10245:
10240:
10228:
10227:
10226:
10214:
10213:
10212:
10200:
10199:
10198:
10193:
10183:
10181:Arpraziquantel
10170:
10168:
10164:
10163:
10161:
10160:
10159:
10158:
10145:
10143:
10141:AChE inhibitor
10137:
10136:
10134:
10133:
10132:
10131:
10118:
10116:
10106:
10091:
10085:
10084:
10064:Antiparasitics
10060:
10059:
10052:
10045:
10037:
10028:
10027:
10024:
10023:
10022:
10021:
10018:
10007:
10001:
9995:
9994:
9991:
9990:
9988:
9987:
9982:
9977:
9972:
9966:
9964:
9960:
9959:
9957:
9956:
9951:
9944:
9939:
9934:
9929:
9924:
9911:
9905:
9903:
9899:
9898:
9896:
9895:
9890:
9888:Katalin KarikĂł
9885:
9880:
9875:
9870:
9865:
9860:
9855:
9850:
9845:
9839:
9837:
9831:
9830:
9827:
9826:
9824:
9823:
9822:
9821:
9816:
9811:
9806:
9798:
9793:
9788:
9783:
9778:
9777:
9776:
9771:
9770:
9769:
9764:
9754:
9749:
9744:
9734:
9728:
9726:
9722:
9721:
9719:
9718:
9717:
9716:
9711:
9702:
9700:
9694:
9693:
9691:
9690:
9689:
9688:
9680:
9679:
9678:
9667:
9665:
9661:
9660:
9658:
9657:
9656:
9655:
9650:
9645:
9643:Herpes simplex
9640:
9635:
9630:
9625:
9617:
9616:
9615:
9610:
9605:
9597:
9592:
9591:
9590:
9585:
9577:
9572:
9567:
9562:
9561:
9560:
9555:
9550:
9545:
9543:Sinopharm BIBP
9540:
9535:
9530:
9525:
9520:
9515:
9510:
9505:
9500:
9495:
9493:Bharat Biotech
9490:
9480:
9475:
9470:
9465:
9464:
9463:
9458:
9448:
9443:
9438:
9433:
9428:
9427:
9426:
9421:
9411:
9406:
9401:
9396:
9391:
9390:
9389:
9384:
9379:
9364:
9363:
9362:
9352:
9347:
9341:
9339:
9335:
9334:
9332:
9331:
9330:
9329:
9324:
9319:
9311:
9310:
9309:
9304:
9296:
9291:
9290:
9289:
9284:
9274:
9273:
9272:
9262:
9257:
9252:
9251:
9250:
9245:
9235:
9230:
9225:
9224:
9223:
9218:
9208:
9203:
9198:
9193:
9188:
9183:
9178:
9172:
9170:
9163:
9159:
9158:
9156:
9155:
9154:
9153:
9148:
9143:
9138:
9133:
9125:
9124:
9123:
9121:Vaccine injury
9118:
9113:
9108:
9103:
9098:
9093:
9084:
9082:
9081:Administration
9078:
9077:
9075:
9074:
9069:
9064:
9055:
9038:
9037:
9036:
9031:
9023:
9018:
9012:
9010:
9006:
9005:
9003:
9002:
8997:
8992:
8987:
8982:
8981:
8980:
8970:
8964:
8962:
8958:
8957:
8925:
8924:
8917:
8910:
8902:
8893:
8892:
8890:
8889:
8884:
8879:
8874:
8869:
8864:
8859:
8854:
8848:
8846:
8840:
8839:
8836:
8835:
8833:
8832:
8826:
8824:
8818:
8817:
8815:
8814:
8809:
8804:
8799:
8793:
8791:
8782:
8776:
8775:
8766:
8765:
8758:
8751:
8743:
8734:
8733:
8730:
8729:
8728:
8727:
8724:
8713:
8707:
8701:
8700:
8697:
8696:
8694:
8693:
8688:
8683:
8678:
8673:
8667:
8665:
8661:
8660:
8658:
8657:
8641:Nitroimidazole
8637:
8632:
8620:
8604:
8591:
8589:
8585:
8584:
8581:
8580:
8578:
8577:
8570:
8569:
8564:
8559:
8553:Thiocarbamides
8549:
8548:
8543:
8529:
8527:
8520:
8519:
8517:
8516:
8510:
8509:
8495:
8493:
8486:
8485:
8483:
8482:
8472:
8470:
8460:
8454:
8453:
8450:
8449:
8447:
8446:
8440:
8438:
8432:
8431:
8429:
8428:
8423:
8417:
8415:
8409:
8408:
8406:
8405:
8400:
8395:
8389:
8387:
8378:
8372:
8371:
8368:
8367:
8365:
8364:
8359:
8353:
8351:
8340:
8339:
8337:
8336:
8330:
8318:
8316:
8312:
8311:
8309:
8308:
8303:
8298:
8293:
8288:
8283:
8277:
8275:
8265:
8264:
8262:
8261:
8256:
8251:
8246:
8240:
8238:
8235:RNA polymerase
8223:
8217:
8216:
8196:
8195:
8188:
8181:
8173:
8164:
8163:
8160:
8159:
8158:
8157:
8154:
8143:
8137:
8131:
8130:
8127:
8126:
8124:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8104:
8099:
8094:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8077:citronella oil
8073:
8072:
8067:
8062:
8057:
8052:
8047:
8042:
8037:
8032:
8027:
8022:
8020:salicylic acid
8017:
8012:
8007:
8002:
7997:
7992:
7990:crystal violet
7987:
7982:
7977:
7975:chlorophetanol
7972:
7966:
7964:
7960:
7959:
7956:
7955:
7953:
7952:
7945:
7943:
7936:
7935:
7933:
7932:
7925:
7923:
7917:
7916:
7914:
7913:
7906:
7904:
7890:
7886:
7885:
7882:
7881:
7879:
7878:
7873:
7867:
7862:
7857:
7852:
7841:
7839:
7831:
7830:
7827:
7826:
7824:
7823:
7816:
7814:
7810:
7809:
7806:
7805:
7803:
7802:
7795:
7793:
7787:
7786:
7784:
7783:
7776:
7769:
7767:
7758:
7750:
7749:
7747:
7746:
7743:amphotericin B
7735:
7730:
7723:
7721:
7709:
7708:
7705:
7704:
7702:
7701:
7694:
7692:
7686:
7685:
7683:
7682:
7677:
7670:
7669:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7632:fosfluconazole
7629:
7622:
7621:
7616:
7611:
7604:
7602:
7596:
7595:
7593:
7592:
7588:
7587:
7582:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7527:
7522:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7497:
7492:
7485:
7483:
7474:
7458:
7447:
7441:
7440:
7424:
7423:
7416:
7409:
7401:
7392:
7391:
7389:
7388:
7383:
7378:
7373:
7368:
7363:
7358:
7353:
7348:
7343:
7338:
7333:
7328:
7323:
7317:
7315:
7311:
7310:
7308:
7307:
7302:
7300:Nitrofurantoin
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7276:
7274:
7267:
7266:
7264:
7263:
7258:
7253:
7248:
7243:
7237:
7235:
7233:Pleuromutilins
7229:
7228:
7226:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7209:
7207:
7200:
7199:
7197:
7196:
7190:
7188:
7187:antibacterials
7181:
7180:
7178:
7177:
7172:
7166:
7164:
7158:
7157:
7155:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7113:
7111:
7101:
7100:
7088:Antibacterials
7084:
7083:
7076:
7069:
7061:
7052:
7051:
7048:
7047:
7046:
7045:
7042:
7031:
7025:
7019:
7018:
7015:
7014:
7011:
7010:
7008:
7007:
7001:
6999:
6993:
6992:
6990:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6963:
6961:
6959:RNA polymerase
6947:
6940:
6939:
6936:
6935:
6933:
6932:
6926:
6924:
6921:Nitroimidazole
6914:
6903:
6902:
6899:
6898:
6896:
6895:
6889:Aminocoumarins
6885:
6883:
6875:
6874:
6872:
6871:
6866:
6860:
6858:
6854:
6853:
6850:
6849:
6847:
6846:
6841:
6836:
6831:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6805:
6803:
6797:
6796:
6794:
6793:
6791:Alatrofloxacin
6784:
6779:
6774:
6769:
6764:
6759:
6754:
6749:
6744:
6739:
6733:
6731:
6729:4th generation
6725:
6724:
6722:
6721:
6716:
6711:
6706:
6701:
6696:
6691:
6685:
6683:
6681:3rd generation
6677:
6676:
6674:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6619:
6617:
6615:2nd generation
6608:
6602:
6601:
6599:
6598:
6593:
6591:Piromidic acid
6588:
6586:Pipemidic acid
6583:
6578:
6576:Nalidixic acid
6573:
6568:
6562:
6560:
6558:1st generation
6551:
6526:
6525:
6522:
6521:
6519:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6497:
6495:
6491:
6490:
6488:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6466:
6464:
6460:
6459:
6456:
6455:
6453:
6452:
6447:
6442:
6440:Sulfaguanidine
6437:
6435:Sulfadicramide
6432:
6427:
6422:
6416:
6414:
6410:
6409:
6407:
6406:
6401:
6399:Sulfaphenazole
6396:
6391:
6386:
6381:
6376:
6371:
6366:
6361:
6355:
6353:
6347:
6346:
6344:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6327:
6325:
6319:
6318:
6316:
6315:
6310:
6296:
6295:
6294:
6284:
6274:
6264:
6259:
6257:Sulfamethizole
6254:
6248:
6246:
6237:
6234:DHPS inhibitor
6225:
6224:
6222:
6221:
6220:
6219:
6214:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6194:
6183:
6181:
6179:DHFR inhibitor
6172:
6153:
6152:
6136:Antibacterials
6132:
6131:
6124:
6117:
6109:
6100:
6099:
6096:
6095:
6094:
6093:
6090:
6079:
6073:
6067:
6066:
6063:
6062:
6060:
6059:
6054:
6049:
6048:
6047:
6042:
6032:
6031:
6030:
6021:
6019:
6015:
6014:
6012:
6011:
6001:
5987:
5971:
5969:
5965:
5964:
5961:
5960:
5958:
5957:
5950:
5948:
5944:
5943:
5941:
5940:
5935:
5928:
5926:
5917:
5911:
5910:
5907:
5906:
5904:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5828:
5823:
5817:
5815:
5811:
5810:
5808:
5807:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5787:non-β-lactam (
5785:
5775:
5769:
5759:
5757:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5726:
5724:
5718:
5717:
5714:
5713:
5711:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5694:
5692:
5686:
5685:
5683:
5682:
5676:
5674:
5668:
5667:
5665:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5648:
5646:
5644:5th generation
5640:
5639:
5637:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5615:
5613:
5611:4th generation
5607:
5606:
5604:
5603:
5597:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5502:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5480:
5478:
5476:3rd generation
5472:
5471:
5469:
5468:
5458:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5387:
5385:
5383:2nd generation
5379:
5378:
5376:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5299:
5297:
5295:1st generation
5288:
5278:Cephalosporins
5270:
5269:
5267:
5266:
5260:
5254:
5248:
5243:
5237:
5232:
5223:
5216:
5214:
5204:
5203:
5200:
5199:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5192:
5187:
5176:
5174:
5170:
5169:
5167:
5166:
5161:
5156:
5150:
5148:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5137:
5132:
5123:
5117:
5115:
5108:
5107:
5105:
5104:
5099:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5064:
5058:
5056:
5046:
5038:
5037:
5034:
5033:
5031:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5012:Flucloxacillin
5009:
4999:
4997:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4939:
4937:
4926:
4915:
4901:
4862:
4861:
4843:active on the
4841:Antibacterials
4837:
4836:
4829:
4822:
4814:
4805:
4804:
4801:
4800:
4799:
4798:
4795:
4784:
4778:
4772:
4771:
4768:
4767:
4764:
4763:
4760:
4759:
4757:
4756:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4722:
4708:
4689:
4687:
4685:Streptogramins
4681:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4661:
4659:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4633:
4631:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4606:
4604:Troleandomycin
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4534:Flurithromycin
4531:
4526:
4521:
4519:Clarithromycin
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4495:
4493:
4484:
4476:
4475:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4447:
4445:
4436:
4430:
4429:
4427:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4390:
4388:
4373:
4367:
4366:
4363:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4356:
4355:
4349:
4347:
4345:Glycylcyclines
4341:
4340:
4338:
4337:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4280:Demeclocycline
4277:
4272:
4267:
4261:
4259:
4252:
4240:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4226:
4224:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4216:
4211:
4205:
4204:
4203:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4171:
4169:
4165:Micromonospora
4159:
4158:
4156:
4155:
4153:Nourseothricin
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4119:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4066:
4065:
4060:
4054:
4052:
4039:
4024:
4018:
4017:
3989:Antibacterials
3985:
3984:
3977:
3970:
3962:
3956:
3953:
3952:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3911:
3909:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3885:
3883:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3870:
3864:
3862:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3827:
3821:
3819:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3783:
3780:antimicrobials
3775:
3774:
3767:
3760:
3752:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3715:
3708:
3707:External links
3705:
3703:
3702:
3688:
3639:
3591:
3534:
3512:
3486:
3468:
3446:
3432:
3418:
3404:
3375:
3357:
3342:
3312:
3245:
3231:
3194:(4): 847–855.
3174:
3115:
3086:(1): 147–179.
3066:
3045:(8): 608–613.
3025:
2976:
2949:(4): 533–537.
2929:
2890:
2859:
2834:
2803:(2): 119–120.
2783:
2764:(6): 251–255.
2744:
2733:(2): 251–255.
2717:
2689:
2630:
2581:
2552:(5): 673–679.
2532:
2477:
2460:
2441:(10): 813–29.
2425:
2376:
2317:
2291:
2255:
2230:
2186:
2147:(10): e31145.
2124:
2065:
2016:
1969:
1910:
1869:
1810:
1773:(9): 727–740.
1753:
1696:
1657:
1602:
1543:
1526:
1475:
1434:
1383:
1340:
1334:978-1944272067
1333:
1312:
1298:
1279:
1252:
1209:
1182:
1156:
1127:
1098:(2): 156–167.
1078:
1048:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1041:
1039:Antiviral drug
1036:
1030:
1029:
1026:Biology portal
1013:
1010:
1004:
1001:
992:
989:
983:
980:
966:electron beams
945:
942:
938:pasteurization
914:
911:
909:
906:
900:
897:
881:2-Phenylphenol
868:
865:
846:
843:
834:
831:
824:Antimicrobial
821:
818:
814:swimming pools
786:Main article:
783:
780:
762:
759:
758:
757:
754:
751:
735:
732:
692:pharmacopoeias
685:essential oils
680:
679:Essential oils
677:
660:Staphylococcus
641:
638:
591:
590:
555:of the subject
553:worldwide view
548:
546:
539:
533:
530:
518:Main article:
515:
512:
476:Chagas disease
460:Main article:
457:
456:Antiparasitics
454:
423:genital herpes
415:Herpes viruses
382:Antiviral drug
380:Main article:
377:
374:
322:athlete's foot
310:Main article:
307:
304:
248:, quinolones,
230:Main article:
227:
226:Antibacterials
224:
216:Selman Waksman
208:
205:
193:Edward Abraham
170:Staphylococcus
138:used specific
136:ancient Greeks
127:
124:
43:microorganisms
26:
18:Antimicrobials
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
12884:
12873:
12870:
12868:
12865:
12864:
12862:
12845:
12842:
12841:
12840:
12837:
12835:
12832:
12830:
12827:
12825:
12822:
12820:
12817:
12814:
12812:
12809:
12807:
12804:
12803:
12801:
12797:
12791:
12788:
12786:
12783:
12781:
12778:
12776:
12773:
12770:
12768:
12765:
12763:
12760:
12758:
12755:
12753:
12750:
12748:
12745:
12743:
12740:
12738:
12735:
12733:
12730:
12728:
12725:
12723:
12720:
12716:
12713:
12712:
12710:
12708:
12705:
12703:
12700:
12699:
12697:
12695:
12689:
12678:
12676:
12673:
12671:
12668:
12666:
12663:
12661:
12658:
12656:
12653:
12651:
12650:Sterilization
12648:
12646:
12643:
12641:
12638:
12636:
12633:
12631:
12628:
12624:
12621:
12619:
12618:Surgical mask
12616:
12614:
12611:
12610:
12609:
12606:
12604:
12601:
12599:
12596:
12592:
12589:
12587:
12584:
12581:
12578:
12577:
12576:
12575:Public health
12573:
12571:
12568:
12564:
12561:
12560:
12559:
12556:
12554:
12551:
12547:
12544:
12543:
12542:
12539:
12535:
12532:
12530:
12527:
12525:
12522:
12521:
12520:
12517:
12515:
12512:
12510:
12507:
12505:
12502:
12500:
12497:
12495:
12492:
12491:
12489:
12487:
12481:
12473:
12470:
12468:
12465:
12463:
12460:
12458:
12455:
12453:
12450:
12449:
12448:
12445:
12443:
12440:
12438:
12435:
12433:
12430:
12428:
12427:Phage therapy
12425:
12423:
12420:
12416:
12413:
12412:
12411:
12410:Immunotherapy
12408:
12406:
12403:
12401:
12398:
12396:
12393:
12391:
12388:
12386:
12383:
12381:
12378:
12374:
12371:
12370:
12369:
12368:Antimicrobial
12366:
12362:
12359:
12358:
12357:
12354:
12352:
12349:
12345:
12342:
12341:
12340:
12337:
12336:
12334:
12330:
12327:
12325:
12317:
12310:
12308:
12305:
12303:
12300:
12298:
12295:
12293:
12290:
12288:
12285:
12282:
12280:
12277:
12275:
12272:
12269:
12267:
12264:
12261:
12259:Genitourinary
12258:
12254:
12251:
12250:
12249:
12246:
12242:
12239:
12237:
12234:
12233:
12231:
12230:
12228:
12222:
12212:
12209:
12207:
12204:
12202:
12199:
12197:
12194:
12192:
12189:
12187:
12184:
12182:
12179:
12177:
12174:
12172:
12169:
12167:
12164:
12162:
12159:
12157:
12154:
12152:
12149:
12145:
12142:
12140:
12137:
12136:
12135:
12132:
12130:
12127:
12125:
12122:
12121:
12119:
12117:in population
12113:
12107:
12104:
12102:
12099:
12097:
12094:
12092:
12089:
12087:
12084:
12082:
12081:Herd immunity
12079:
12077:
12074:
12072:
12069:
12067:
12064:
12062:
12059:
12057:
12054:
12052:
12049:
12047:
12044:
12043:
12041:
12039:
12035:
12017:
12014:
12013:
12011:
12007:
12000:
11999:
11997:
11993:
11986:
11985:
11983:
11979:
11973:
11970:
11969:
11967:
11965:Genitourinary
11963:
11957:
11953:
11951:
11948:
11946:
11943:
11941:
11938:
11937:
11935:
11931:
11925:
11922:
11920:
11917:
11915:
11912:
11908:
11907:Contamination
11905:
11904:
11903:
11900:
11899:
11897:
11893:
11885:
11882:
11880:
11877:
11876:
11875:Vector-borne
11874:
11870:
11867:
11865:
11862:
11861:
11859:
11855:
11852:
11849:
11847:
11844:
11842:
11839:
11838:
11836:
11834:
11831:
11830:
11828:
11822:
11816:
11813:
11811:
11808:
11804:
11801:
11800:
11799:
11796:
11794:
11791:
11790:
11788:
11784:
11781:
11777:
11771:
11768:
11767:
11765:
11759:
11753:
11750:
11746:
11743:
11739:
11736:
11733:
11730:
11729:
11728:
11725:
11724:
11722:
11718:
11715:
11713:
11710:
11709:
11707:
11705:
11702:
11701:
11699:
11695:
11691:
11685:
11682:
11680:
11677:
11675:
11672:
11670:
11667:
11666:
11664:
11662:
11661:Cross-species
11658:
11655:
11651:
11644:
11641:
11638:
11635:
11633:
11630:
11628:
11625:
11622:
11621:
11619:
11615:
11612:
11608:
11602:
11601:Window period
11599:
11597:
11594:
11592:
11589:
11587:
11584:
11582:
11579:
11577:
11574:
11572:
11569:
11567:
11566:Latent period
11564:
11562:
11559:
11557:
11554:
11552:
11549:
11547:
11544:
11542:
11539:
11537:
11534:
11532:
11529:
11528:
11526:
11520:
11517:
11515:
11511:
11501:
11498:
11496:
11493:
11491:
11488:
11486:
11483:
11481:
11478:
11476:
11473:
11469:
11466:
11465:
11463:
11461:
11458:
11456:
11453:
11451:
11448:
11446:
11445:Deforestation
11443:
11441:
11438:
11434:
11431:
11429:
11426:
11425:
11423:
11421:
11418:
11415:
11412:
11410:
11407:
11406:
11404:
11402:
11398:
11390:Stress levels
11389:
11386:
11382:
11379:
11378:
11376:
11373:
11370:
11367:
11364:
11361:
11360:
11359:
11356:
11354:
11351:
11349:
11346:
11344:
11341:
11337:
11334:
11332:
11329:
11328:
11327:
11324:
11322:
11319:
11317:
11314:
11312:
11309:
11307:
11304:
11303:
11301:
11299:
11295:
11289:
11286:
11282:
11279:
11277:
11274:
11272:
11269:
11268:
11267:
11264:
11260:
11257:
11255:
11252:
11250:
11247:
11245:
11242:
11241:
11240:
11237:
11235:
11232:
11228:
11225:
11224:
11223:
11222:Pathogenicity
11220:
11216:
11213:
11212:
11211:
11208:
11206:
11203:
11201:
11198:
11197:
11195:
11193:
11189:
11186:
11182:
11177:
11173:
11165:
11160:
11158:
11153:
11151:
11146:
11145:
11142:
11120:
11118:
11115:
11114:
11112:
11109:
11106:
11103:
11101:
11098:
11097:
11093:
11082:
11078:
11077:
11073:
11071:
11070:
11066:
11064:
11061:
11060:
11058:
11054:
11048:
11045:
11044:
11042:
11040:
11036:
11030:
11027:
11026:
11024:
11022:
11018:
11012:
11009:
11008:
11006:
11003:
10999:
10993:
10990:
10988:
10985:
10983:
10980:
10978:
10975:
10974:
10972:
10969:
10965:
10959:
10956:
10955:
10953:
10951:
10947:
10941:
10938:
10936:
10933:
10931:
10928:
10926:
10923:
10922:
10920:
10918:
10914:
10911:
10909:
10905:
10901:
10897:
10887:
10884:
10883:
10881:
10879:
10875:
10869:
10866:
10865:
10863:
10861:
10857:
10851:
10848:
10847:
10845:
10842:
10838:
10835:
10833:
10829:
10825:
10820:
10816:
10812:
10805:
10800:
10798:
10793:
10791:
10786:
10785:
10782:
10766:
10764:
10761:
10760:
10758:
10755:
10752:
10749:
10747:
10744:
10743:
10739:
10729:
10726:
10724:
10721:
10719:
10716:
10714:
10711:
10709:
10706:
10702:
10699:
10698:
10697:
10696:
10692:
10688:
10685:
10684:
10683:
10682:
10678:
10674:
10671:
10670:
10669:
10668:
10664:
10660:
10657:
10656:
10655:
10654:
10650:
10646:
10643:
10641:
10638:
10637:
10636:
10633:
10632:
10630:
10628:Other/unknown
10626:
10617:
10613:
10610:
10608:
10605:
10603:
10600:
10598:
10595:
10591:
10588:
10587:
10586:
10583:
10582:
10581:
10580:
10576:
10575:
10573:
10571:
10567:
10559:
10556:
10553:
10549:
10546:
10545:
10544:
10543:
10539:
10535:
10532:
10530:
10527:
10524:
10520:
10517:
10515:
10512:
10510:
10507:
10505:
10502:
10501:
10500:
10499:
10495:
10494:
10492:
10490:
10489:GABA receptor
10486:
10482:
10474:
10471:
10469:
10466:
10464:
10461:
10459:
10456:
10454:
10451:
10449:
10446:
10445:
10444:
10443:
10442:benzimidazole
10439:
10438:
10436:
10434:
10429:
10426:
10423:
10417:
10413:
10397:
10394:
10393:
10392:
10391:
10387:
10383:
10380:
10379:
10378:
10377:
10376:butyrophenone
10373:
10369:
10366:
10365:
10364:
10363:
10362:aminoacridine
10359:
10355:
10352:
10351:
10350:
10349:
10345:
10340:
10336:
10333:
10332:
10331:
10330:
10326:
10325:
10323:
10321:Other/unknown
10319:
10311:
10308:
10307:
10306:
10305:
10304:benzimidazole
10301:
10300:
10298:
10296:
10291:
10288:
10285:
10280:
10279:Anticestodals
10276:
10264:
10263:Tartar emetic
10261:
10259:
10256:
10255:
10254:
10252:
10248:
10244:
10241:
10239:
10236:
10235:
10234:
10233:
10229:
10225:
10222:
10221:
10220:
10219:
10215:
10211:
10208:
10207:
10206:
10205:
10201:
10197:
10194:
10191:
10187:
10184:
10182:
10179:
10178:
10177:
10176:
10172:
10171:
10169:
10167:Other/unknown
10165:
10157:
10154:
10153:
10152:
10151:
10147:
10146:
10144:
10142:
10138:
10130:
10127:
10126:
10125:
10124:
10123:benzimidazole
10120:
10119:
10117:
10115:
10110:
10107:
10104:
10099:
10095:
10092:
10090:
10086:
10081:
10077:
10073:
10069:
10068:Anthelmintics
10065:
10058:
10053:
10051:
10046:
10044:
10039:
10038:
10035:
10019:
10017:
10014:
10013:
10011:
10008:
10005:
10002:
10000:
9997:
9996:
9992:
9986:
9983:
9981:
9978:
9976:
9973:
9971:
9968:
9967:
9965:
9961:
9955:
9952:
9950:
9949:
9945:
9943:
9940:
9938:
9935:
9933:
9930:
9928:
9925:
9922:
9920:
9915:
9912:
9910:
9907:
9906:
9904:
9900:
9894:
9893:Drew Weissman
9891:
9889:
9886:
9884:
9881:
9879:
9878:H. Fred Clark
9876:
9874:
9871:
9869:
9866:
9864:
9861:
9859:
9856:
9854:
9851:
9849:
9848:Louis Pasteur
9846:
9844:
9843:Edward Jenner
9841:
9840:
9838:
9832:
9820:
9817:
9815:
9814:DTwP-HepB-Hib
9812:
9810:
9809:DTaP-IPV-HepB
9807:
9805:
9802:
9801:
9800:combination:
9799:
9797:
9794:
9792:
9789:
9787:
9784:
9782:
9779:
9775:
9772:
9768:
9765:
9763:
9760:
9759:
9758:
9755:
9753:
9750:
9748:
9745:
9743:
9740:
9739:
9738:
9735:
9733:
9730:
9729:
9727:
9723:
9715:
9712:
9710:
9707:
9706:
9704:
9703:
9701:
9699:
9698:Helminthiasis
9695:
9687:
9684:
9683:
9681:
9677:
9674:
9673:
9672:
9669:
9668:
9666:
9662:
9654:
9651:
9649:
9646:
9644:
9641:
9639:
9636:
9634:
9631:
9629:
9626:
9624:
9621:
9620:
9618:
9614:
9611:
9609:
9606:
9604:
9601:
9600:
9599:combination:
9598:
9596:
9593:
9589:
9586:
9584:
9581:
9580:
9578:
9576:
9573:
9571:
9568:
9566:
9563:
9559:
9556:
9554:
9551:
9549:
9546:
9544:
9541:
9539:
9536:
9534:
9531:
9529:
9526:
9524:
9521:
9519:
9516:
9514:
9511:
9509:
9506:
9504:
9501:
9499:
9496:
9494:
9491:
9489:
9486:
9485:
9484:
9481:
9479:
9476:
9474:
9471:
9469:
9466:
9462:
9459:
9457:
9454:
9453:
9452:
9449:
9447:
9444:
9442:
9439:
9437:
9434:
9432:
9429:
9425:
9422:
9420:
9417:
9416:
9415:
9412:
9410:
9407:
9405:
9402:
9400:
9397:
9395:
9392:
9388:
9385:
9383:
9380:
9377:
9373:
9370:
9369:
9368:
9365:
9361:
9358:
9357:
9356:
9353:
9351:
9348:
9346:
9343:
9342:
9340:
9336:
9328:
9325:
9323:
9320:
9318:
9315:
9314:
9312:
9308:
9305:
9303:
9302:DPT/DTwP/DTaP
9300:
9299:
9298:combination:
9297:
9295:
9292:
9288:
9285:
9283:
9280:
9279:
9278:
9275:
9271:
9268:
9267:
9266:
9263:
9261:
9258:
9256:
9253:
9249:
9246:
9244:
9241:
9240:
9239:
9236:
9234:
9231:
9229:
9226:
9222:
9219:
9217:
9214:
9213:
9212:
9211:Meningococcus
9209:
9207:
9204:
9202:
9201:Leptospirosis
9199:
9197:
9194:
9192:
9189:
9187:
9184:
9182:
9179:
9177:
9174:
9173:
9171:
9167:
9164:
9160:
9152:
9149:
9147:
9144:
9142:
9139:
9137:
9136:Vaccine court
9134:
9132:
9129:
9128:
9126:
9122:
9119:
9117:
9114:
9112:
9109:
9107:
9104:
9102:
9099:
9097:
9094:
9092:
9091:GAVI Alliance
9089:
9088:
9086:
9085:
9083:
9079:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9063:
9059:
9056:
9054:
9050:
9046:
9042:
9039:
9035:
9032:
9030:
9027:
9026:
9024:
9022:
9019:
9017:
9014:
9013:
9011:
9007:
9001:
8998:
8996:
8993:
8991:
8988:
8986:
8983:
8979:
8976:
8975:
8974:
8971:
8969:
8966:
8965:
8963:
8959:
8954:
8950:
8946:
8942:
8938:
8934:
8930:
8923:
8918:
8916:
8911:
8909:
8904:
8903:
8900:
8888:
8885:
8883:
8880:
8878:
8875:
8873:
8872:Obiltoxaximab
8870:
8868:
8865:
8863:
8860:
8858:
8855:
8853:
8850:
8849:
8847:
8845:
8841:
8831:
8828:
8827:
8825:
8823:
8819:
8813:
8810:
8808:
8805:
8803:
8800:
8798:
8795:
8794:
8792:
8790:
8786:
8783:
8781:
8777:
8772:
8764:
8759:
8757:
8752:
8750:
8745:
8744:
8741:
8725:
8723:
8720:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8711:
8708:
8706:
8703:
8702:
8698:
8692:
8689:
8687:
8684:
8682:
8679:
8677:
8674:
8672:
8669:
8668:
8666:
8662:
8655:
8654:
8649:
8648:
8643:
8642:
8638:
8636:
8633:
8630:
8626:
8625:
8621:
8618:
8614:
8610:
8609:
8605:
8602:
8598:
8597:
8593:
8592:
8590:
8588:Other/unknown
8586:
8576:
8572:
8571:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8562:Prothionamide
8560:
8558:
8554:
8551:
8550:
8547:
8544:
8542:
8538:
8534:
8531:
8530:
8528:
8525:
8521:
8515:
8512:
8511:
8508:
8504:
8500:
8497:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8487:
8481:
8477:
8474:
8473:
8471:
8468:
8467:Peptidoglycan
8464:
8461:
8459:
8455:
8445:
8442:
8441:
8439:
8437:
8433:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8418:
8416:
8414:
8410:
8404:
8401:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8390:
8388:
8386:
8382:
8379:
8377:
8373:
8363:
8360:
8358:
8355:
8354:
8352:
8350:
8345:
8341:
8334:
8331:
8329:
8325:
8324:
8320:
8319:
8317:
8313:
8307:
8304:
8302:
8299:
8297:
8294:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8284:
8282:
8279:
8278:
8276:
8274:
8270:
8266:
8260:
8257:
8255:
8252:
8250:
8247:
8245:
8242:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8231:
8227:
8224:
8222:
8218:
8213:
8209:
8205:
8201:
8194:
8189:
8187:
8182:
8180:
8175:
8174:
8171:
8155:
8153:
8150:
8149:
8147:
8144:
8141:
8138:
8136:
8133:
8132:
8128:
8122:
8119:
8117:
8114:
8112:
8108:
8105:
8103:
8100:
8098:
8095:
8093:
8090:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8074:
8071:
8068:
8066:
8063:
8061:
8058:
8056:
8053:
8051:
8048:
8046:
8043:
8041:
8038:
8036:
8033:
8031:
8028:
8026:
8023:
8021:
8018:
8016:
8013:
8011:
8008:
8006:
8003:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7980:chlorphenesin
7978:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7967:
7965:
7961:
7951:
7947:
7946:
7944:
7941:
7937:
7931:
7927:
7926:
7924:
7922:
7918:
7912:
7908:
7907:
7905:
7903:
7898:
7894:
7891:
7889:Intracellular
7887:
7877:
7876:ibrexafungerp
7874:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7863:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7850:anidulafungin
7847:
7846:echinocandins
7843:
7842:
7840:
7836:
7832:
7822:
7818:
7817:
7815:
7811:
7801:
7797:
7796:
7794:
7792:
7788:
7780:
7777:
7775:
7771:
7770:
7768:
7766:
7762:
7759:
7755:
7751:
7744:
7739:
7736:
7734:
7731:
7729:
7725:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7714:
7710:
7700:
7696:
7695:
7693:
7691:
7687:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7672:
7671:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7657:oteseconazole
7655:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7647:isavuconazole
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7624:
7623:
7620:
7617:
7615:
7612:
7610:
7609:efinaconazole
7606:
7605:
7603:
7601:
7597:
7590:
7589:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7575:sertaconazole
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7530:fenticonazole
7528:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7500:chlormidazole
7498:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7487:
7486:
7484:
7482:
7478:
7475:
7472:
7466:
7462:
7459:
7455:
7451:
7448:
7442:
7437:
7433:
7429:
7422:
7417:
7415:
7410:
7408:
7403:
7402:
7399:
7387:
7384:
7382:
7379:
7377:
7376:Spectinomycin
7374:
7372:
7369:
7367:
7364:
7362:
7359:
7357:
7356:Mandelic acid
7354:
7352:
7349:
7347:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7337:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7327:
7324:
7322:
7319:
7318:
7316:
7312:
7306:
7305:Nitrofurazone
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7268:
7262:
7259:
7257:
7254:
7252:
7249:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7238:
7236:
7234:
7230:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7213:Metronidazole
7211:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7201:
7195:
7192:
7191:
7189:
7186:
7182:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7167:
7165:
7163:
7159:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7114:
7112:
7110:
7106:
7105:Glycopeptides
7102:
7097:
7093:
7089:
7082:
7077:
7075:
7070:
7068:
7063:
7062:
7059:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7029:
7026:
7024:
7021:
7020:
7016:
7006:
7003:
7002:
7000:
6998:
6994:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6964:
6962:
6960:
6955:
6951:
6948:
6945:
6941:
6931:
6928:
6927:
6925:
6922:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6908:
6904:
6894:
6890:
6887:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6876:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6861:
6859:
6855:
6845:
6842:
6840:
6839:Pradofloxacin
6837:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6829:Marbofloxacin
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6806:
6804:
6802:
6798:
6792:
6788:
6787:Trovafloxacin
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6777:Prulifloxacin
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6767:Clinafloxacin
6765:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6753:
6750:
6748:
6745:
6743:
6740:
6738:
6735:
6734:
6732:
6730:
6726:
6720:
6717:
6715:
6712:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6699:Grepafloxacin
6697:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6686:
6684:
6682:
6678:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6653:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6623:Ciprofloxacin
6621:
6620:
6618:
6616:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6603:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6581:Oxolinic acid
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6563:
6561:
6559:
6555:
6552:
6549:
6542:
6537:
6536:topoisomerase
6531:
6527:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6501:Acediasulfone
6499:
6498:
6496:
6492:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6467:
6465:
6461:
6451:
6448:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6436:
6433:
6431:
6428:
6426:
6425:Sulfacetamide
6423:
6421:
6418:
6417:
6415:
6411:
6405:
6402:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6394:Sulfamerazine
6392:
6390:
6387:
6385:
6382:
6380:
6377:
6375:
6372:
6370:
6367:
6365:
6362:
6360:
6357:
6356:
6354:
6352:
6348:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6328:
6326:
6324:
6320:
6314:
6313:Sulfathiourea
6311:
6308:
6304:
6300:
6299:Sulfathiazole
6297:
6293:
6290:
6289:
6288:
6287:Sulfanilamide
6285:
6282:
6278:
6277:Sulfafurazole
6275:
6272:
6271:Sulfasalazine
6268:
6267:Sulfapyridine
6265:
6263:
6262:Sulfadimidine
6260:
6258:
6255:
6253:
6250:
6249:
6247:
6245:
6241:
6238:
6235:
6230:
6226:
6218:
6215:
6213:
6210:
6208:
6207:Pyrimethamine
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6193:
6190:
6189:
6188:
6185:
6184:
6182:
6180:
6176:
6173:
6164:
6158:
6154:
6149:
6145:
6141:
6137:
6130:
6125:
6123:
6118:
6116:
6111:
6110:
6107:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6068:
6064:
6058:
6055:
6053:
6050:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6037:
6036:
6033:
6029:
6026:
6025:
6023:
6022:
6020:
6016:
6009:
6005:
6002:
5999:
5995:
5991:
5988:
5985:
5981:
5977:
5973:
5972:
5970:
5968:Intracellular
5966:
5956:
5952:
5951:
5949:
5945:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5930:
5929:
5927:
5925:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5912:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5836:
5835:Sultamicillin
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5818:
5816:
5812:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5786:
5783:
5779:
5776:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5764:
5761:
5760:
5758:
5756:
5752:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5723:
5719:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5691:
5687:
5681:
5678:
5677:
5675:
5673:
5669:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5649:
5647:
5645:
5641:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5616:
5614:
5612:
5608:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5506:
5503:
5501:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5481:
5479:
5477:
5473:
5466:
5462:
5459:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5450:Cefbuperazone
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5388:
5386:
5384:
5380:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5300:
5298:
5296:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5275:
5271:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5255:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5227:
5224:
5222:
5219:Carbapenems (
5218:
5217:
5215:
5213:
5209:
5205:
5191:
5190:Sulbenicillin
5188:
5185:
5184:Pivmecillinam
5181:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5171:
5165:
5162:
5160:
5157:
5155:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5142:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5130:Carindacillin
5127:
5126:Carbenicillin
5124:
5122:
5119:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5109:
5103:
5100:
5097:
5096:Talampicillin
5094:
5092:
5091:Metampicillin
5089:
5087:
5086:Lenampicillin
5084:
5082:
5081:Bacampicillin
5079:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5071:Pivampicillin
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5039:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5007:Dicloxacillin
5004:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4994:
4990:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4978:Clometocillin
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4968:Pheneticillin
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4934:
4930:
4927:
4925:
4919:
4916:
4913:
4909:
4905:
4902:
4897:
4883:
4867:
4863:
4858:
4854:
4850:
4846:
4842:
4835:
4830:
4828:
4823:
4821:
4816:
4815:
4812:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4782:
4779:
4777:
4774:
4773:
4769:
4754:
4750:
4749:Virginiamycin
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4723:
4720:
4716:
4712:
4709:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4693:Pristinamycin
4691:
4690:
4688:
4686:
4682:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4658:
4654:
4648:
4647:Solithromycin
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4637:Telithromycin
4635:
4634:
4632:
4630:
4626:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4609:Tulathromycin
4607:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4589:Telithromycin
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4579:Solithromycin
4577:
4575:
4574:Roxithromycin
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4539:Gamithromycin
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4524:Dirithromycin
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4496:
4494:
4492:
4488:
4485:
4482:
4477:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4461:Thiamphenicol
4459:
4457:
4456:Azidamfenicol
4454:
4452:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4444:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4431:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4381:
4380:Oxazolidinone
4377:
4374:
4372:
4368:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4342:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4258:Tetracyclines
4256:
4253:
4250:
4245:
4241:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4221:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4206:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4160:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4133:Spectinomycin
4131:
4128:
4124:
4121:
4120:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4043:
4040:
4037:
4032:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4019:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3983:
3978:
3976:
3971:
3969:
3964:
3963:
3960:
3954:
3949:
3943:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3912:
3910:
3906:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3880:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3861:Social issues
3859:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3816:
3810:
3809:Antiparasitic
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3794:Antibacterial
3792:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3773:
3768:
3766:
3761:
3759:
3754:
3753:
3750:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3723:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3698:
3692:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3658:
3654:
3650:
3643:
3635:
3631:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3595:
3587:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3538:
3522:
3516:
3500:
3496:
3490:
3482:
3478:
3472:
3456:
3450:
3442:
3436:
3428:
3422:
3414:
3408:
3389:
3382:
3380:
3372:. 9 May 2021.
3371:
3367:
3361:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3316:
3308:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3249:
3241:
3235:
3227:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3209:
3205:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3178:
3170:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3134:
3130:
3126:
3119:
3111:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3070:
3062:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3029:
3021:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2996:(7): 309–18.
2995:
2991:
2987:
2980:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2940:
2933:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2894:
2886:
2882:
2879:(18): 551–6.
2878:
2874:
2870:
2863:
2848:
2844:
2838:
2830:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2787:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2748:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2721:
2707:on 2013-05-20
2706:
2702:
2696:
2694:
2685:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2634:
2626:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2601:(4): 564–82.
2600:
2596:
2592:
2585:
2577:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2536:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2481:
2473:
2472:
2464:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2429:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2396:(2): 118–22.
2395:
2391:
2387:
2380:
2372:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2321:
2305:
2301:
2295:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2264:
2262:
2260:
2245:on 2012-07-23
2244:
2240:
2234:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2203:(1): 127–33.
2202:
2198:
2190:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2129:
2120:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2069:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2020:
2012:
2008:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1973:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1914:
1906:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1880:
1873:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1814:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1757:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1700:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1661:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1606:
1598:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1547:
1539:
1538:
1530:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1479:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1454:(4): 277–83.
1453:
1449:
1445:
1438:
1430:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1387:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1356:(2): 177–85.
1355:
1351:
1344:
1336:
1330:
1326:
1319:
1317:
1308:
1302:
1295:(3): 226–236.
1294:
1290:
1283:
1267:
1263:
1256:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1213:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1186:
1170:
1166:
1160:
1146:on 2017-03-03
1145:
1141:
1140:www.porex.com
1137:
1131:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1082:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1053:
1049:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1021:
1016:
1009:
1000:
998:
988:
979:
977:
972:
967:
963:
962:gamma emitter
959:
955:
951:
941:
939:
935:
931:
924:
920:
905:
896:
894:
890:
886:
882:
879:
875:
864:
861:
857:
853:
842:
841:
830:
827:
817:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
794:biogas plants
789:
779:
776:
772:
768:
755:
752:
750:disinfectant.
748:
747:
746:
743:
741:
731:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
690:
686:
676:
674:
673:nanoparticles
669:
665:
661:
657:
651:
647:
637:
635:
629:
627:
623:
618:
616:
615:
610:
606:
602:
598:
597:Organic acids
587:
584:
576:
566:
562:
556:
554:
547:
538:
537:
529:
527:
521:
511:
509:
505:
501:
500:metronidazole
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
468:leishmaniasis
463:
462:Antiparasitic
453:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
405:. Important
404:
400:
395:
393:
389:
383:
373:
371:
367:
363:
358:
354:
350:
345:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
313:
303:
301:
297:
292:
290:
284:
282:
280:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
250:tetracyclines
247:
243:
239:
233:
221:
217:
213:
204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
185:Howard Florey
182:
178:
177:
172:
171:
166:
162:
158:
153:
152:Joseph Lister
148:
147:Louis Pasteur
143:
141:
137:
133:
123:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
84:disinfectants
80:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
53:
48:
44:
40:
39:antimicrobial
33:
19:
12558:Notification
12529:Hand washing
12524:Food hygiene
12509:Disinfection
12405:Immunization
12367:
12356:Anthelmintic
12344:prophylactic
12232:Respiratory
12156:Hyperendemic
12106:WAIFW matrix
11761:Environment-
11514:Transmission
11490:Urbanization
11288:Host tropism
11184:Determinants
11170:Concepts in
11074:
11067:
10940:Bioallethrin
10832:pediculicide
10693:
10679:
10665:
10651:
10634:
10577:
10540:
10519:Eprinomectin
10496:
10473:Flubendazole
10463:Fenbendazole
10458:Tiabendazole
10440:
10396:Dichlorophen
10390:chlorophenol
10388:
10374:
10360:
10346:
10335:Praziquantel
10327:
10302:
10249:
10232:thioxanthone
10230:
10216:
10202:
10186:Praziquantel
10173:
10148:
10121:
10076:endectocides
9970:Epidemiology
9946:
9918:
9804:DTaP-IPV/Hib
9595:Yellow fever
9508:EpiVacCorona
9265:Tuberculosis
9238:Pneumococcal
9206:Lyme disease
9034:Heterologous
8933:Immunization
8852:Bezlotoxumab
8664:Combinations
8651:
8645:
8639:
8622:
8613:Pyrazinamide
8606:
8594:
8546:Methaniazide
8537:mycolic acid
8524:Mycolic acid
8403:Streptomycin
8362:Moxifloxacin
8357:Gatifloxacin
8321:
8202:, including
8102:tea tree oil
8087:lemon myrtle
8000:ethylparaben
7930:griseofulvin
7791:Benzylamines
7680:ravuconazole
7675:albaconazole
7667:voriconazole
7662:posaconazole
7652:itraconazole
7642:hexaconazole
7560:neticonazole
7550:luliconazole
7545:ketoconazole
7535:flutrimazole
7520:eberconazole
7510:clotrimazole
7495:butoconazole
7285:Nifuroxazide
7280:Furazolidone
7194:Fusidic acid
6997:Lipiarmycins
6844:Sarafloxacin
6834:Orbifloxacin
6819:Enrofloxacin
6809:Danofloxacin
6782:Sitafloxacin
6762:Moxifloxacin
6757:Gemifloxacin
6752:Finafloxacin
6747:Gatifloxacin
6742:Delafloxacin
6737:Besifloxacin
6719:Tosufloxacin
6714:Temafloxacin
6709:Sparfloxacin
6704:Pazufloxacin
6694:Balofloxacin
6689:Levofloxacin
6648:Nadifloxacin
6643:Lomefloxacin
6463:Combinations
6445:Sulfametrole
6430:Sulfaclozine
6336:Sulfadiazine
6244:Short-acting
6229:Sulfonamides
6217:Trimethoprim
6006:inhibitors (
5996:inhibitors (
5924:Lipopeptides
5915:Polypeptides
5814:Combinations
5745:Nocardicin A
5662:Ceftobiprole
5505:Cefoperazone
5363:Cefaloridine
5348:Cefaloglycin
5286:Carbacephems
5154:Piperacillin
4983:Penamecillin
4884:, a group of
4733:Quinupristin
4729:Dalfopristin
4657:Lincosamides
4594:Tildipirosin
4564:Oleandomycin
4529:Erythromycin
4499:Azithromycin
4335:Tetracycline
4310:Omadacycline
4295:Meclocycline
4285:Eravacycline
4275:Clomocycline
4190:Micronomicin
4163:
4138:Hygromycin B
4127:+loteprednol
4085:Ribostamycin
4058:Streptomycin
4048:Streptomyces
4046:
3882:Pharmacology
3779:
3691:
3656:
3652:
3642:
3609:
3605:
3594:
3551:
3547:
3537:
3525:. Retrieved
3515:
3503:. Retrieved
3499:the original
3489:
3471:
3459:. Retrieved
3449:
3435:
3421:
3407:
3395:. Retrieved
3369:
3360:
3321:
3315:
3262:
3258:
3248:
3234:
3191:
3187:
3177:
3132:
3128:
3118:
3083:
3079:
3069:
3042:
3038:
3028:
2993:
2989:
2979:
2946:
2943:AIHA Journal
2942:
2932:
2910:(1): 27–30.
2907:
2904:Food Control
2903:
2893:
2876:
2872:
2862:
2851:. Retrieved
2846:
2837:
2800:
2796:
2786:
2761:
2757:
2747:
2730:
2726:
2720:
2709:. Retrieved
2705:the original
2647:
2643:
2633:
2598:
2594:
2584:
2549:
2545:
2535:
2494:
2491:Chemotherapy
2490:
2480:
2469:
2463:
2438:
2434:
2428:
2393:
2389:
2379:
2334:
2330:
2320:
2308:. Retrieved
2294:
2282:. Retrieved
2273:
2247:. Retrieved
2243:the original
2233:
2200:
2196:
2189:
2144:
2140:
2082:
2078:
2068:
2033:
2029:
2019:
1986:
1982:
1972:
1927:
1923:
1913:
1889:(1): 58–62.
1886:
1882:
1872:
1827:
1823:
1813:
1770:
1766:
1756:
1713:
1709:
1699:
1674:
1670:
1660:
1619:
1615:
1605:
1560:
1556:
1546:
1536:
1529:
1492:
1488:
1478:
1451:
1447:
1437:
1400:
1396:
1386:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1324:
1301:
1292:
1288:
1282:
1270:. Retrieved
1265:
1255:
1225:(2): 87–92.
1222:
1218:
1212:
1198:(1): 21–23.
1195:
1191:
1185:
1173:. Retrieved
1168:
1159:
1148:. Retrieved
1144:the original
1139:
1130:
1095:
1091:
1081:
1070:. Retrieved
1061:
1052:
1006:
994:
985:
947:
926:
902:
877:
873:
870:
859:
855:
851:
848:
840:S. faecalis.
839:
836:
823:
791:
764:
744:
737:
687:included in
682:
659:
655:
653:
630:
619:
612:
594:
579:
573:January 2018
570:
550:
523:
465:
401:, including
399:retroviruses
396:
385:
346:
342:side effects
315:
300:metagenomics
293:
285:
278:
242:beta-lactams
235:
220:Streptomycin
180:
174:
168:
150:Pasteur led
144:
129:
112:bactericidal
104:sulfonamides
95:
81:
50:
46:
38:
36:
12811:Eradication
12722:Biosecurity
12447:Vaccination
12422:Inoculation
12400:Drug safety
12395:Combination
12322:and Control
12270:Soft tissue
12224:Anatomical
12191:Seasonality
12171:Mesoendemic
12151:Holoendemic
12144:Farr's laws
12056:Attack rate
11854:Animal bite
11850:Insect bite
11786:Respiratory
11413:Air quality
11401:Environment
11311:Comorbidity
11227:Attack rate
11210:Infectivity
11107:from market
11063:Dimethicone
10982:Dixanthogen
10917:Pyrethrines
10828:Insecticide
10753:from market
10667:quinolinium
10552:+fluralaner
10542:milbemycins
10498:avermectins
10453:Albendazole
10448:Mebendazole
10354:Niclosamide
10310:Albendazole
10284:taeniacides
10196:Oxamniquine
10156:Metrifonate
10006:from market
9902:Controversy
9836:researchers
9752:Hepatitis B
9638:Hepatitis C
9583:Chicken pox
9409:Hepatitis E
9404:Hepatitis B
9399:Hepatitis A
9350:Chikungunya
9327:Shigellosis
9181:Brucellosis
9067:Therapeutic
9021:Inactivated
8961:Development
8949:Inoculation
8941:Vaccination
8882:Raxibacumab
8877:Palivizumab
8857:Motavizumab
8712:from market
8635:Bedaquiline
8601:Clofazimine
8567:Thiocarlide
8557:Ethionamide
8505:inhibitor:
8480:Cycloserine
8444:Capreomycin
8413:Oxazolidone
8301:Solasulfone
8269:Antifolates
8254:Rifapentine
8142:from market
8121:pentamidine
8082:lemon grass
8040:taurolidine
8010:polynoxylin
7911:flucytosine
7855:caspofungin
7779:terbinafine
7765:Allylamines
7627:fluconazole
7619:terconazole
7614:fluconazole
7585:tioconazole
7580:sulconazole
7570:oxiconazole
7565:omoconazole
7540:isoconazole
7515:croconazole
7473:inhibitors)
7471:demethylase
7428:Antifungals
7366:Nitroxoline
7361:Methenamine
7341:Furaltadone
7290:Nifurtoinol
7273:derivatives
7251:Retapamulin
7206:derivatives
7175:Polymyxin B
7142:Teicoplanin
7132:Oritavancin
7127:Dalbavancin
7030:from market
7005:Fidaxomicin
6977:Rifapentine
6930:Secnidazole
6923:derivatives
6864:Nemonoxacin
6824:Ibafloxacin
6772:Garenoxacin
6661:Norfloxacin
6511:Solasulfone
6450:Sulfanitran
6404:Sulfamazone
6364:Sulfadoxine
6351:Long-acting
6341:Sulfamoxole
6212:Tetroxoprim
6192:Brodimoprim
6169:DNA and RNA
6157:Antifolates
6078:from market
6057:Teixobactin
6035:Tyrothricin
6004:bactoprenol
5998:Cycloserine
5804:Vaborbactam
5794:Durlobactam
5722:Monobactams
5680:Cefiderocol
5672:Siderophore
5657:Ceftolozane
5571:Cefpimizole
5541:Cefpodoxime
5536:Cefpiramide
5531:Cefmenoxime
5526:Ceftizoxime
5521:Cefdaloxime
5500:Ceftazidime
5489:Ceftriaxone
5461:Carbacephem
5455:Cefmetazole
5411:Cefamandole
5373:Cefatrizine
5353:Cefacetrile
5338:Cefroxadine
5282:Cephamycins
5208:Carbapenems
5164:Mezlocillin
5121:Ticarcillin
5062:Amoxicillin
5028:Methicillin
5003:Cloxacillin
4973:Azidocillin
4963:Propicillin
4908:Penicillins
4783:from market
4719:Linopristin
4665:Clindamycin
4642:Cethromycin
4569:Rokitamycin
4554:Midecamycin
4549:Kitasamycin
4466:Florfenicol
4443:Amphenicols
4387:inhibitors)
4353:Tigecycline
4330:Sarecycline
4305:Minocycline
4300:Metacycline
4290:Lymecycline
4265:Doxycycline
4109:Bekanamycin
4080:Paromomycin
4038:inhibitors)
3908:Agriculture
3612:(1): 7–13.
3397:13 November
3366:"Aldehydes"
2085:(9): 2052.
1989:: 188–194.
1622:: 292–299.
1557:Metabolites
1403:(4): 91–3.
1272:24 February
982:Desiccation
850:poisonous.
716:Coconut oil
609:acetic acid
605:citric acid
601:lactic acid
508:albendazole
450:oseltamivir
438:influenza A
349:indoor mold
306:Antifungals
189:Ernst Chain
183:. In 1942,
92:antiseptics
65:antifungals
57:antibiotics
47:microbicide
12861:Categories
12694:infections
12635:Sanitation
12603:Quarantine
12462:resistance
12380:Antiseptic
12361:Ascaricide
12351:Antifungal
12339:Antibiotic
12320:Prevention
12253:Intestinal
12186:Prevalence
12166:Inequality
12115:Occurrence
11914:Breastmilk
11798:Bioaerosol
11770:Sapronosis
11745:Horizontal
11617:Endogenous
11596:Viral load
11556:Index case
11081:Crotamiton
10977:Disulfiram
10958:Ivermectin
10935:Phenothrin
10925:Permethrin
10868:Ivermectin
10708:Ascaridole
10659:Levamisole
10640:Piperazine
10635:piperazine
10548:Moxidectin
10534:Selamectin
10529:Ivermectin
10509:Doramectin
10419:(including
10382:Desaspidin
10368:Quinacrine
10243:Lucanthone
10238:Hycanthone
10224:Niridazole
9937:Thiomersal
9883:Paul Offit
9858:Jonas Salk
9834:Inventors/
9705:research:
9682:research:
9619:research:
9548:Skycovione
9538:Sanofi–GSK
9483:SARS-CoV-2
9394:Hantavirus
9360:rVSV-ZEBOV
9345:Adenovirus
9313:research:
9191:Diphtheria
9029:Attenuated
8867:Nirsevimab
8653:Pretomanid
8629:Terizidone
8617:Morinamide
8533:Hydrazides
8507:Ethambutol
8478:analogue:
8349:quinolones
8286:Acedapsone
8244:Rifampicin
8230:Rifamycins
8111:atovaquone
8092:orange oil
8055:tolnaftate
8050:tolciclate
8035:sulbentine
8005:haloprogin
7985:ciclopirox
7950:tavaborole
7942:inhibitors
7928:Systemic:
7909:Systemic:
7870:rezafungin
7865:micafungin
7860:cilofungin
7844:Systemic:
7838:inhibitors
7821:amorolfine
7800:butenafine
7757:inhibitors
7741:Systemic:
7718:ergosterol
7625:Systemic:
7555:miconazole
7505:climbazole
7490:bifonazole
7481:Imidazoles
7457:inhibitors
7454:Ergosterol
7371:Novobiocin
7336:Fosfomycin
7331:Daptomycin
7321:Bacitracin
7271:Nitrofuran
7261:Valnemulin
7223:Tinidazole
7218:Ornidazole
7162:Polymyxins
7152:Vancomycin
7147:Telavancin
7137:Ristocetin
7122:Corbomycin
7090:: others (
6967:Rifampicin
6954:Rifamycins
6912:inhibitors
6893:Novobiocin
6869:Ozenoxacin
6814:Difloxacin
6801:Veterinary
6671:Rufloxacin
6666:Pefloxacin
6638:Fleroxacin
6571:Flumequine
6541:DNA gyrase
6530:Quinolones
6389:Sulfaperin
6202:Ormetoprim
6171:synthesis)
6045:Tyrocidine
6040:Gramicidin
6008:Bacitracin
5984:Fosfomycin
5955:Ramoplanin
5933:Daptomycin
5799:Relebactam
5772:Tazobactam
5703:Cefquinome
5690:Veterinary
5634:Cefquinome
5624:Cefozopran
5586:Ceftiolene
5576:Cefsulodin
5566:Cefodizime
5551:Cefditoren
5546:Ceftibuten
5494:Cefotaxime
5465:Loracarbef
5431:Cephamycin
5421:Ceforanide
5401:Cefuroxime
5358:Cefalonium
5328:Cefazaflur
5323:Cefazedone
5313:Cefadroxil
5180:Mecillinam
5159:Azlocillin
5135:Temocillin
5076:Hetacillin
5067:Ampicillin
4715:Flopristin
4675:Pirlimycin
4670:Lincomycin
4619:Tylvalosin
4599:Tilmicosin
4584:Spiramycin
4559:Miocamycin
4514:Carrimycin
4509:Carbomycin
4491:Macrolides
4414:Ranbezolid
4394:Eperezolid
4385:initiation
4214:Astromicin
4209:Verdamicin
4200:Isepamicin
4195:Plazomicin
4180:Netilmicin
4175:Gentamicin
4123:Tobramycin
4075:Framycetin
4036:initiation
3950:(ATC code)
3799:Antifungal
3554:: 114313.
3461:28 October
3455:"20467413"
3330:Heidelberg
2853:2022-04-18
2711:2013-05-05
2497:(1): 1–7.
2249:2011-09-27
1930:: 846959.
1830:: 100011.
1563:(3): 106.
1495:: 541340.
1192:Mycologist
1150:2017-02-16
1072:2009-05-02
1045:References
950:irradiated
856:Salmonella
720:terpenoids
504:iodoquinol
492:trematodes
419:cold sores
376:Antivirals
334:eukaryotes
281:infections
266:probiotics
246:macrolides
232:Antibiotic
197:penicillin
96:antibiotic
12806:Discovery
12732:Disease X
12692:Emerging
12640:Screening
12541:Isolation
12385:Antiviral
12211:Twindemic
12161:Incidence
12038:Modelling
12001:Perinatal
11933:Cutaneous
11824:Linked to
11734:Perinatal
11653:Exogenous
11645:formation
11387:Pregnancy
11244:Endotoxin
11239:Virulence
11117:Phase III
11105:Withdrawn
11076:toluidine
11047:Malathion
10930:Pyrethrum
10908:scabicide
10900:Acaricide
10886:Malathion
10815:arthropod
10763:Phase III
10751:Withdrawn
10687:Bephenium
10673:Pyrvinium
10616:felsantel
10607:Carbantel
10514:Emamectin
10504:Abamectin
10329:quinoline
10258:Stibophen
10253:compounds
10210:Bithionol
10175:quinoline
10016:Phase III
10004:Withdrawn
9932:Pox party
9742:ALVAC-CEA
9664:Protozoan
9553:Sputnik V
9503:CoronaVac
9473:Rotavirus
9376:Pandemrix
9228:Pertussis
9169:Bacterial
9053:Synthetic
9016:Conjugate
8968:Adjuvants
8945:Infection
8862:Nebacumab
8830:Antivenom
8822:Antiserum
8722:Phase III
8710:Withdrawn
8647:Delamanid
8624:Isoxazole
8596:Phenazine
8541:Isoniazid
8426:Sutezolid
8421:Linezolid
8398:Kanamycin
8306:Sulfoxone
8259:Rifalazil
8249:Rifabutin
8237:inhibitor
8152:Phase III
8140:Withdrawn
8097:patchouli
8045:ticlatone
7948:Topical:
7819:Topical:
7798:Topical:
7774:naftifine
7772:Topical:
7745:, hamycin
7733:natamycin
7726:Topical:
7699:abafungin
7697:Topical:
7690:Thiazoles
7673:Unknown:
7607:Topical:
7600:Triazoles
7525:econazole
7488:Topical:
7381:Tedizolid
7351:Linezolid
7346:Lefamulin
7326:Clofoctol
7295:Nifurzide
7246:Lefamulin
7204:Imidazole
7117:Avoparcin
7040:Phase III
7028:Withdrawn
6987:Rifalazil
6982:Rifaximin
6972:Rifabutin
6946:synthesis
6907:Anaerobic
6878:Related (
6628:Ofloxacin
6596:Rosoxacin
6566:Cinoxacin
6516:Sulfoxone
6369:Sulfalene
6292:Prontosil
6088:Phase III
6076:Withdrawn
6052:Isoniazid
5938:Surfactin
5789:Avibactam
5767:Sulbactam
5740:Carumonam
5735:Tigemonam
5730:Aztreonam
5708:Cefovecin
5698:Ceftiofur
5629:Cefpirome
5600:Latamoxef
5591:Oxacephem
5561:Cefetamet
5516:Cefcapene
5440:Cefotetan
5435:Cefoxitin
5426:Cefuzonam
5416:Cefonicid
5396:Cefprozil
5368:Cefalotin
5343:Ceftezole
5333:Cefradine
5318:Cefapirin
5308:Cefalexin
5303:Cefazolin
5263:Ritipenem
5258:Faropenem
5251:Panipenem
5240:Meropenem
5230:Doripenem
5221:Ertapenem
5102:Epicillin
5023:Nafcillin
5018:Oxacillin
4866:β-lactams
4845:cell wall
4793:Phase III
4781:Withdrawn
4629:Ketolides
4544:Josamycin
4504:Boromycin
4424:Tedizolid
4419:Sutezolid
4409:Radezolid
4404:Posizolid
4399:Linezolid
4230:Butirosin
4185:Sisomicin
4148:Apramycin
4143:Totomycin
4114:Dibekacin
4104:Arbekacin
4094:Kanamycin
3835:multidrug
3804:Antiviral
3675:0003-2700
3626:0195-6701
3586:248934971
3570:0169-409X
3352:851702956
3289:2296-2646
3151:1664-302X
2963:1542-8117
2924:0956-7135
2778:1465-8933
2666:2305-6320
2650:(3): 58.
2644:Medicines
2527:195356798
2511:0009-3157
2353:1936-0851
2101:1420-3049
2079:Molecules
2050:0785-3890
2003:1873-3344
1946:1664-302X
1846:2590-2571
1789:1474-1784
1730:0934-9723
1579:2218-1989
1448:P & T
958:cobalt-60
954:pathogens
944:Radiation
899:Aldehydes
802:breweries
565:talk page
526:pandemics
484:nematodes
480:parasites
430:acyclovir
392:viricides
312:Fungicide
100:synthetic
12872:Biocides
12715:EARS-Net
12630:Safe sex
12582:services
12553:Lockdown
12324:measures
12226:location
12206:Syndemic
12201:Sporadic
12181:Pandemic
12176:Outbreak
12134:Epidemic
11987:Prenatal
11879:Mosquito
11763:to-human
11738:Neonatal
11731:Prenatal
11679:Zoonosis
11524:concepts
11455:Humidity
11440:Commerce
11316:Diabetes
11249:Exotoxin
11021:Benzoate
11002:Chlorine
10987:Mesulfen
10904:miticide
10841:Chlorine
10718:Santonin
10653:thiazole
10612:Febantel
10602:Morantel
10585:Pyrantel
10251:antimony
10218:thiazole
10066: –
9774:Prostvac
9767:Gardasil
9762:Cervarix
9709:Hookworm
9588:Shingles
9570:Smallpox
9488:Corbevax
9424:Gardasil
9419:Cervarix
9162:Vaccines
9116:Schedule
9087:Global:
8995:Timeline
8937:Vaccines
8608:Pyrazine
8393:Amikacin
8291:Diucifon
7995:dimazole
7738:nystatin
7720:binding)
7446:membrane
7386:Xibornol
7256:Tiamulin
7241:Azamulin
7170:Colistin
6633:Enoxacin
6420:Mafenide
6197:Iclaprim
6028:lysozyme
5974:Inhibit
5619:Cefepime
5595:Flomoxef
5581:Cefteram
5556:Cefotiam
5511:Cefdinir
5484:Cefixime
5445:Cefminox
5391:Cefaclor
5256:Penems (
5246:Biapenem
5235:Imipenem
5044:spectrum
5042:Extended
4924:spectrum
4894:-alanine
4890:-alanyl-
4849:envelope
4251:binding)
4162:-micin (
4099:Amikacin
4070:Neomycin
4045:-mycin (
3818:Concepts
3718:Cochrane
3683:32295344
3634:26601608
3578:35597307
3527:18 April
3505:17 April
3481:Archived
3457:. US EPA
3307:31632948
3226:21843475
3169:26106379
3061:30836538
3020:26343252
2971:12908871
2885:20467413
2829:31219076
2684:28930272
2625:10515903
2576:19653195
2519:31234166
2455:12678685
2420:39803630
2371:33792292
2331:ACS Nano
2304:Archived
2278:Archived
2217:19685213
2181:38803958
2172:11128932
2119:32354035
2011:28260677
1964:35401486
1905:11198442
1864:34870144
1805:19379800
1797:16138106
1748:32056049
1691:19601794
1652:85460203
1644:30903901
1597:32178468
1521:25140175
1470:25859123
1429:24244876
1370:23318479
1247:32847260
1239:18347757
1175:18 March
1122:21282489
1066:Archived
1012:See also
908:Physical
845:Alcohols
833:Halogens
700:cinnamon
559:You may
496:protozoa
488:cestodes
482:such as
448:such as
326:ringworm
207:Chemical
61:bacteria
12519:Hygiene
12457:booster
12390:Asepsis
12129:Endemic
12124:Cluster
11708:Source
11643:Biofilm
11480:Poverty
11450:Ecology
11428:El Niño
11381:Smoking
11259:factors
11200:Biofilm
11176:Outline
11069:Quassia
11011:Lindane
10850:Lindane
10701:Suramin
10597:Oxantel
10433:tubulin
10295:tubulin
10114:tubulin
9963:Related
9909:General
9671:Malaria
9558:Valneva
9523:Novavax
9518:Moderna
9513:Janssen
9498:CanSino
9478:Rubella
9436:Measles
9307:Td/Tdap
9277:Typhoid
9260:Tetanus
9255:Q fever
9186:Cholera
9176:Anthrax
9045:Peptide
9009:Classes
8990:Storage
8476:Alanine
8281:Dapsone
8116:dapsone
7728:hamycin
7185:Steroid
6539:and/or
6506:Dapsone
5274:Cephems
4614:Tylosin
3778:Use of
3298:6779693
3267:Bibcode
3265:: 653.
3217:3175087
3196:Bibcode
3160:4460426
3135:: 577.
3110:9880479
3011:4768623
2820:6563737
2675:5622393
2567:7167768
2412:9569693
2362:8155324
2310:2 April
2284:2 April
2225:8211327
2149:Bibcode
2141:Heliyon
2110:7248947
2059:8480714
1955:8984462
1855:8035643
1739:7223162
1624:Bibcode
1588:7143493
1512:4124702
1461:4378521
1420:3829459
1378:5843938
1169:who.int
1113:3031442
1034:Biocide
806:dairies
656:E. coli
472:malaria
157:anthrax
126:History
12727:CRISPR
12679:Zoning
12534:Gloves
11945:Fomite
11779:Routes
11674:Vector
11541:Fomite
11522:Basic
11485:Travel
11365:Gender
11100:WHO-EM
10992:Thiram
10968:Sulfur
10746:WHO-EM
10431:Binds
10293:Binds
10204:phenol
10112:Binds
10074:) and
9999:WHO-EM
9919:Lancet
9796:TA-NIC
9781:NicVAX
9628:Dengue
9468:Rabies
9294:Typhus
9233:Plague
9111:Policy
9072:Toxoid
9000:Trials
8705:WHO-EM
8296:Promin
8135:WHO-EM
7963:Others
7813:Others
7465:Azoles
7023:WHO-EM
6071:WHO-EM
5778:Clavam
5212:Penems
4922:Narrow
4912:Penams
4776:WHO-EM
4711:NXL103
4013:QJ01XQ
3681:
3673:
3632:
3624:
3584:
3576:
3568:
3350:
3340:
3326:Berlin
3305:
3295:
3287:
3224:
3214:
3167:
3157:
3149:
3108:
3098:
3059:
3018:
3008:
2969:
2961:
2922:
2883:
2827:
2817:
2776:
2682:
2672:
2664:
2623:
2613:
2574:
2564:
2525:
2517:
2509:
2453:
2418:
2410:
2369:
2359:
2351:
2223:
2215:
2179:
2169:
2117:
2107:
2099:
2056:
2048:
2009:
2001:
1962:
1952:
1944:
1903:
1862:
1852:
1844:
1803:
1795:
1787:
1746:
1736:
1728:
1689:
1650:
1642:
1595:
1585:
1577:
1519:
1509:
1468:
1458:
1427:
1417:
1376:
1368:
1331:
1245:
1237:
1120:
1110:
971:X-rays
858:, and
826:scrubs
689:herbal
662:. The
640:Copper
366:silver
362:copper
330:thrush
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