692:
659:
62:
626:
1631:
590:
40:
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1617:
770:
868:
and when wiggled, it is easily mistaken for a grub or worm. When the snake's prey attempts to seize it, the death adder strikes. Although it has been claimed to have the quickest strike of any snake in the world, this topic has not been well enough studied to make reliable comparisons. They commonly
828:
They normally take 2–3 years to reach adult size. Females are generally slightly larger than the males. They can also be easily distinguished from other
Australian snakes because of a small, worm like lure on the end of their tail, which is used to attract prey. Most have large bands around their
1067:
847:
Unlike other snakes that tend to flee from human disturbance, the death adder is inclined to hold its ground, leading to the notion that the death adder cannot hear. However, death adders, like other snakes, perceive ground vibrations.
1598:
Histoire
Naturelle, Générale et Particulière des Reptiles; Ouvrage faisant suite aux Œuvres de Leclerc de Buffon, et partie du Cours complet d'Histoire naturelle rédigé par C.S. Sonnini, membre de plusieurs Sociétés savantes. Tome
1029:"An evaluation of the nomina for death adders (Acanthophis Daudin, 1803) proposed by Wells & Wellington (1985), and confirmation of A. cryptamydros Maddock et al., 2015 as the valid name for the Kimberley death adder"
1432:
1117:
An extended description of the
Pilbara Death Adder, Acanthophis wellsi Hoser (Serpentes: Elapidae), with notes on the Desert Death Adder, A. pyrrhus Boulenger, and identification of a possible hybrid zone.
1013:
Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière, des reptiles : ouvrage faisant suite à l'Histoire naturelle générale et particulière, composée par
Leclerc de Buffon, et rédigée par C.S. Sonnini
864:, soil or sand, depending on their environment. The only part of themselves they expose are their head and their tail, both generally very well camouflaged. The end of the tail is used for
813:. Their fangs are also longer and more mobile than for most other elapids, although still far from the size seen in some of the true vipers. Despite their name, they are not related to
1264:
1353:
1389:
1371:
1407:
1338:
1320:
1424:
829:
bodies, though the colour itself is variable, depending on their locality. Colours are usually black, grey or red and yellow, but also include brown and greenish-grey.
1166:
856:
Unlike most snakes, death adders do not actively hunt, but rather lie in ambush and draw their prey to them. When hungry, death adders bury themselves among the
1454:
1794:
1891:
1820:
1100:
Crocodilian - Journal of the
Victorian Association of Amateur Herpetologists, September 2002: 5-11, 16-22, 24-30, front and back covers.
938:
Before antivenom was introduced, it is reported that about 50% of death adder bites were fatal. A fatal bite is less likely now as the
1211:"Snakes across the Strait: Trans-Torresian phylogeographic relationships in three genera of Australasian snakes (Serpentes: Elapidae:
1098:
Death Adders (Genus
Acanthophis): An Updated overview, including descriptions of 3 New Island species and 2 New Australian subspecies.
379:, where an extended description has been published, has been widely recognised. Further confusion exists over the death adders from
1768:
1143:
1807:
989:
254:
1137:
Taxonomic contributions in the "amateur" literature: comments on recent descriptions of new genera and species by
Raymond Hoser.
1812:
981:
1188:
1160:
The good, the bad and the ugly: Australian snake taxonomists and a history of the taxonomy of
Australia's venomous snakes.
836:
with the embryos developing in membranous sacs inside the female who will give birth to litters of 8 to 30 live neonates.
1163:
1517:
1302:
1825:
1458:
1132:
932:
212:
1082:
Death adders (genus
Acanthophis): an overview, including descriptions of five new species and one subspecies.
1876:
1621:
1729:
437:
in
Australia. It is likely some of these include more than one species, as populations included in e.g.
61:
1481:
395:. In 2005 it was shown that neither is appropriate, and the New Guinea death adders fall into two main
538:
534:
1027:
Ellis, Ryan J.; Kaiser, Hinrich; Maddock, Simon T.; Doughty, Paul; Wüster, Wolfgang (29 June 2021).
1881:
912:
753:
522:
515:
1593:
844:
Early settlers of Australia called them "deaf adders". How "deaf" became "death" is not recorded.
270:
150:
672:
492:
484:
1669:
915:
shutdown in six hours. Symptoms of envenomation can be reversed through the use of death adder
632:
1799:
1886:
1848:
1707:
1635:
1507:
1286:
A new species of death adder (Acanthophis: Serpentes: Elapidae) from north-western Australia.
639:
570:
526:
1871:
1838:
1755:
1716:
822:
603:
566:
530:
691:
658:
343:– but these were not widely adopted at the time. In 1998 five new species were described (
8:
857:
698:
665:
1289:
1140:
1567:
1534:
920:
886:
802:
726:
596:
559:
434:
56:
48:
1281:
1128:
1833:
1742:
1572:
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1721:
1011:
1734:
1562:
1546:
1237:
1209:
Wüster, Wolfgang; Dumbrell; Hay, C.; Pook, C.E.; Williams, D.J.; Fry, B.G. (2005).
1040:
705:
617:
380:
327:
have been recognised. In 1985, Wells & Wellington proposed four new species –
892:
of the venom was reported as 0.4–0.5 mg/kg subcutaneous and it is completely
1747:
1170:
1147:
809:. Body patterning is generally crossbanding, and they have vertically elliptical
798:
442:
403:
1241:
1210:
870:
794:
208:
1045:
1028:
1865:
1692:
1558:
1077:
1054:
928:
865:
833:
806:
733:
417:
261:
this genus includes, with figures ranging from 4 to 15 species being quoted.
224:
1576:
1550:
1249:
1062:
814:
758:
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407:
942:
is widely available and the progression of envenomation symptoms is slow.
1781:
1701:
897:
861:
301:
20:
1535:"Debunking the viper's strike: harmless snakes kill a common assumption"
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778:
430:
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204:
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1101:
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916:
908:
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384:
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239:
227:
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73:
39:
1663:
1647:) associated with a reovirus infection. Boydii (Autumn 2004):16-17.
1686:
1643:
A severe case of stomatitis (canker or mouthrot) in a Death Adder (
1630:
924:
901:
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774:
289:
216:
187:
133:
113:
93:
477:
308:
258:
103:
1616:
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Penning, David A.; Sawvel, Baxter; Moon, Brad R. (March 2016).
911:
which seems minor at first but can cause death from a complete
83:
1760:
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1658:
882:
810:
414:
complex. The latter can be divided into two sub-clades; one,
396:
312:
297:
293:
250:('snake'), referring to the spine on the death adder's tail.
245:
233:
220:
190:
183:
123:
881:
Death adders can inject on average 40–100 mg of highly
1280:
Maddock, S. T., R. J. Ellis, P. Dougthy, L. A. Smith &
1256:
1383:
1381:
1365:
1363:
1345:
1026:
801:, many small scales on the top of the head, and elevated
1401:
1399:
1332:
1330:
1314:
1312:
284:
Although the death adders resemble vipers of the family
1182:
1180:
1178:
1378:
1360:
211:
in the world. Despite their common name, they are not
1396:
1327:
1309:
1303:
New Species of Venomous Snake Discovered in Australia
1208:
1119:
Records of the Western Australian Museum 19: 277-298.
1175:
1455:"CSL Antivenom Handbook: CSL Death Adder Antivenom"
1016:. Vol. 97. Paris: F. Dufart. pp. 289–296.
16:
Genus of elapid snakes commonly called death adders
789:-like in appearance, having a short, robust body,
773:Death Adder. Photo taken at Brisbane Forest Park,
363:) and in 2002 an additional three were described (
1532:
375:). These were received with scepticism, and only
1863:
1276:
1274:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1158:Williams, D., W. Wüster & B. Fry (2006):
904:, unlike the venoms of most venomous snakes.
441:show extensive variation in both pattern and
1605:, new genus, pp. 287–288). (in French).
1294:
935:, thus mitigating the effects of the venom.
1509:The World's Most Dangerous Animals SUBTITLE
1271:
1152:
1111:
1109:
207:and nearby islands, and are among the most
1405:Reptile Database (version 10 March 2011).
1387:Reptile Database (version 10 March 2011).
1369:Reptile Database (version 10 March 2011).
1351:Reptile Database (version 10 March 2011).
1336:Reptile Database (version 10 March 2011).
1318:Reptile Database (version 10 March 2011).
1262:Reptile Database (version 10 March 2011).
1195:
1186:Reptile Database (version 10 March 2011).
288:, they are actually members of the family
223:). The name of the genus derives from the
38:
1566:
1447:
1139:Litteratura Serpentium 21: 67-79, 86-91.
1122:
1115:Aplin, K.P. & S.C. Donnellan (1999):
1044:
821:, and their similar appearance is due to
1106:
1090:
1071:
768:
19:Not to be confused with the plant genus
990:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
1864:
1654:Husbandry and breeding of Death Adders
1499:
1479:
1009:
976:
974:
972:
277:in 1803, with the common death adder (
1668:
1667:
1505:
1419:
1417:
1230:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
387:. They have variously been placed in
257:, though it remains unclear how many
907:A bite from a death adder can cause
1892:Taxa named by François Marie Daudin
969:
13:
1587:
1435:from the original on 31 March 2021
1414:
817:, which are members of the family
14:
1903:
1609:
869:feed on local geckos such as the
839:
805:. Dorsal scales may be smooth or
1629:
1615:
690:
657:
624:
588:
476:
60:
1526:
1473:
1010:Daudin, François Marie (1802).
1020:
1003:
952:
933:parasympathetic nervous system
764:
1:
1601:. Paris: F. Dufart. 365 pp. (
945:
580:Barkly Tableland death adder
406:(including death adders from
167:
1506:Baker, Kevin (4 July 2016).
1084:Monitor 9(2): 20-30, 33-41.
739:
711:
678:
645:
609:
576:
544:
498:
307:It remains unclear how many
253:Eight species are listed by
240:
228:
7:
1242:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.08.018
923:, which break the synaptic
399:: The rather smooth-scaled
264:
10:
1908:
851:
613:Smooth-scaled death adder
448:
246:
234:
18:
1676:
1046:10.11646/zootaxa.4995.1.9
715:Rough-scaled death adder
215:at all and belong to the
163:
158:
57:Scientific classification
55:
46:
37:
30:
1480:Mahony, Stephen (2020).
1169:25 December 2006 at the
876:
410:), and the rough-scaled
1659:WCH Clinical Toxinology
1645:Acanthophis antarcticus
1429:University of Melbourne
1288:Zootaxa 4007: 301–326.
1265:Acanthophis antarcticus
1135:& R. Shine (2001):
1131:, B. Bush, J.S. Keogh,
885:venom with a bite. The
281:) as its only species.
1551:10.1098/rsbl.2016.0011
1354:Acanthophis praelongus
1290:available online (PDF)
1164:available online (PDF)
1141:available online (PDF)
931:more available to the
785:Death adders are very
782:
548:Kimberley death adder
315:. Traditionally, only
273:established the genus
1486:The Australian Museum
1162:Toxicon 48: 919-930.
1146:9 August 2007 at the
896:, containing neither
772:
718:Australia, Indonesia
649:Northern death adder
311:are included in this
271:François Marie Daudin
199:, they are native to
1626:at Wikimedia Commons
1482:"Common Death Adder"
823:convergent evolution
752:* Not including the
743:Pilbara death adder
1877:Snakes of Australia
1390:Acanthophis rugosus
1372:Acanthophis pyrrhus
921:anticholinesterases
754:nominate subspecies
682:Desert death adder
502:Common death adder
1461:on 12 October 2008
1408:Acanthophis wellsi
1339:Acanthophis laevis
1321:Acanthophis hawkei
1096:Hoser, R. (2002):
803:supraocular scales
797:, small subocular
783:
435:Northern Territory
269:French naturalist
193:. Commonly called
49:Acanthophis laevis
1859:
1858:
1834:Open Tree of Life
1670:Taxon identifiers
1620:Media related to
832:Death adders are
750:
749:
737:
709:
676:
643:
607:
574:
542:
496:
471:Geographic range
292:, which includes
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1634:Data related to
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1523:
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1457:. Archived from
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1156:
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1102:available online
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1086:available online
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671:
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618:Papua New Guinea
602:
592:
565:
521:
490:
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453:
452:
429:, from northern
425:, and a second,
421:, from southern
381:Papua New Guinea
249:
248:
243:
237:
236:
231:
149:
65:
64:
42:
28:
27:
1907:
1906:
1902:
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1900:
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1897:
1896:
1882:Venomous snakes
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1612:
1590:
1588:Further reading
1585:
1584:
1545:(3): 20160011.
1539:Biology Letters
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1527:
1520:
1512:. eBookIt.com.
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1300:(14 Sep 2015).
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1171:Wayback Machine
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516:A. cryptamydros
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209:venomous snakes
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1640:at Wikispecies
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1610:External links
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1431:. 2 May 2017.
1425:"Death Adders"
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1039:(1): 161–172.
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871:Dubious dtella
860:. This may be
853:
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840:Origin of name
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389:A. antarcticus
317:A. antarcticus
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637:
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633:A. praelongus
630:
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418:sensu stricto
413:
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398:
394:
393:A. praelongus
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
369:A. macgregori
366:
365:A. groenveldi
362:
358:
354:
350:
349:A. crotalusei
346:
342:
338:
337:A. lancasteri
334:
330:
329:A. armstrongi
326:
322:
321:A. praelongus
318:
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299:
295:
291:
287:
282:
280:
279:A. cerastinus
276:
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230:
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225:Ancient Greek
222:
219:family (like
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1887:Snake genera
1677:
1644:
1636:
1622:
1602:
1597:
1542:
1538:
1528:
1508:
1501:
1489:. Retrieved
1485:
1475:
1463:. Retrieved
1459:the original
1449:
1437:. Retrieved
1428:
1406:
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993:. Retrieved
984:Acanthophis
983:
963:
959:
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906:
880:
855:
846:
843:
831:
827:
784:
759:Type species
751:
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664:
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468:Common name
465:Subspecies*
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196:death adders
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47:
31:
25:
1872:Acanthophis
1782:iNaturalist
1735:Acanthophis
1722:Acanthophis
1708:Acanthophis
1702:Wikispecies
1678:Acanthophis
1637:Acanthophis
1623:Acanthophis
1236:(1): 1–14.
1213:Acanthophis
1189:Acanthophis
960:Acanthophis
919:, or using
913:respiratory
898:haemotoxins
862:leaf litter
781:, Australia
765:Description
616:Indonesia,
416:A. rugosus
353:A. cummingi
345:A. barnetti
341:A. schistos
275:Acanthophis
179:Acanthophis
145:Acanthophis
32:Acanthophis
21:Acanthopsis
1866:Categories
1603:Acantophis
1439:10 October
1221:Pseudechis
1129:Wüster, W.
946:References
940:anti-venom
927:by making
894:neurotoxic
791:triangular
779:Queensland
746:Australia
699:A. rugosus
685:Australia
666:A. pyrrhus
652:Australia
583:Australia
571:Wellington
551:Australia
535:L.A. Smith
462:Authority
431:Queensland
423:New Guinea
412:A. rugosus
325:A. pyrrhus
205:New Guinea
120:Suborder:
1649:Treatment
1599:Cinquième
1594:Daudin FM
1559:1744-9561
1491:9 October
1282:W. Wüster
1217:Oxyuranus
1133:M. O'Shea
1078:Hoser, R.
1055:1175-5334
917:antivenom
909:paralysis
902:myotoxins
858:substrate
819:Viperidae
727:A. wellsi
706:Loveridge
673:Boulenger
597:A. laevis
560:A. hawkei
506:Australia
443:scalation
439:A. laevis
427:A. hawkei
401:A. laevis
385:Indonesia
377:A. wellsi
373:A. yuwoni
361:A. woolfi
357:A. wellsi
333:A. hawkei
286:Viperidae
201:Australia
124:Serpentes
80:Kingdom:
74:Eukaryota
1687:Wikidata
1596:(1803).
1577:26979562
1433:Archived
1284:(2015):
1250:15579378
1167:Archived
1144:Archived
1080:(1998):
1063:34186811
995:10 March
925:blockade
775:Brisbane
459:Species
433:and the
290:Elapidae
265:Taxonomy
229:akanthos
217:Elapidae
168:taxonomy
159:Species
134:Elapidae
130:Family:
114:Squamata
104:Reptilia
94:Chordata
90:Phylum:
84:Animalia
70:Domain:
1849:6421053
1800:1363818
1774:2449623
1693:Q195567
1568:4843225
1033:Zootaxa
852:Hunting
793:shaped
604:Macleay
531:Doughty
523:Maddock
495:, 1794)
449:Species
404:complex
309:species
259:species
235:ἄκανθος
140:Genus:
110:Order:
100:Class:
1846:uBio:
1813:700200
1575:
1565:
1557:
1516:
1465:26 May
1248:
1061:
1053:
815:adders
811:pupils
807:keeled
799:scales
736:, 1998
708:, 1948
675:, 1898
642:, 1877
640:Ramsay
606:, 1878
573:, 1985
569:&
541:, 2015
539:Wüster
537:&
456:Image
397:clades
339:, and
300:, and
298:mambas
294:cobras
221:cobras
213:adders
191:snakes
188:elapid
153:, 1803
151:Daudin
1839:57873
1795:IRMNG
1787:35050
1761:17983
1226:(PDF)
883:toxic
877:Venom
795:heads
787:viper
734:Hoser
567:Wells
527:Ellis
408:Seram
313:genus
241:ophis
184:genus
182:is a
1826:8604
1821:NCBI
1808:ITIS
1769:GBIF
1573:PMID
1555:ISSN
1514:ISBN
1493:2021
1467:2013
1441:2021
1246:PMID
1219:and
1059:PMID
1051:ISSN
1037:4995
997:2011
900:nor
493:Shaw
383:and
371:and
359:and
323:and
255:ITIS
247:ὄφις
166:See
1756:EoL
1748:MBB
1743:CoL
1730:AFD
1717:ADW
1563:PMC
1547:doi
1238:doi
1041:doi
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391:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
