17:
543:
everything he knew of his fellow Breton separatists, the members of the Irish
Republican Army and relations with different German secret services. In an agreement with the head of the British secret services, he was released but was officially declared to have escaped from prison because the new French authorities claimed him for execution. Again “on the run”, but with the backing of the American secret services, he found refuge in
305:
Corbusier and alternates smooth white surface with blue tiling. According to the architectural critic Daniel Le
Couedic, the "gentle sweep" of the broad white bands around the corner is contrasted dramatically with the strong angular and stabilising vertical structures of the windows. It is signed with the architect's name on the boulevard facade.
542:
created by Doriot, he had to flee to Italy, where his wife died in the difficult conditions to which the couple on the run was reduced. Seeing no way out, he gave himself up to the
American army. He was detained and interrogated for several months by the secret service. He saved his life by telling
304:
style. The most important of these is the Ty-Kodak building at the new-town area of cité Kerguelen. It has been described as "the most original and much the most beautiful" of modern buildings in the city. It was constructed in 1933. The building has a wrap-around structure comparable to work by Le
448:, and in the end, supported Mordrel's ousting from the Committee in December. He seems to have been disappointed with the PNB's position himself. In November, he stated: "Our force is within ourselves. Neither Vichy nor Berlin will render the Breton people the necessary status for
419:
By the end of June and early July, Breton independentists could take it for granted that
Brittany could be independent when a military governor was appointed to rule over the five départements of ancient Brittany. After a self-designated Congress in
499:. In September Mordrel was allowed to return to Rennes, where, while both the PNB leadership and Vichy agents called on the Germans to expel him, he was kept as an alternative by the Nazi authorities. After 1942 he was again even allowed to edit
443:
started competing with the
National Committee in October. Mordrel's actions against Vichy did not have the intended effect, and the PNB's appeal was minimal; at the same time, Germany had started placing its trust with Vichy leader
452:, regrouping, and giving itself a path. Our fate is being decided in our fibres... Let us not expect anything that is not from ourselves". He resigned his positions with the PNB and its journal, being replaced by
308:
Several other
Mordrel buildings are no longer extant, including his Garage d’Odet, a garage/factory designed to use modernist style to achieve space for maximum efficiency of manufacturing and repair.
300:
Throughout this period
Mordrel was working as an architect. He created a number of buildings in Quimper which were the most advanced examples of modern architecture in the city, adopting the
226:
126:
255:
594:
109:(died in 1942), Olier Mordrel was born in Paris and spent most of his childhood there (paradoxically, the place where he also learned Breton). After studies at the
890:
381:
576:
610:
453:
106:
645:
614:
281:
249:
519:, Brittany was taken on 13 August 1944 and Mordrel was forced to flee to Germany. In February 1945 Mordrel began talks with French fascist leader
488:
820:
480:
398:
810:
815:
885:
880:
870:
860:
840:
563:
825:
346:("Letter of War") they wrote to PNB members in January 1940 stated that "a real Breton does not have the right to die for France
830:
397:). They were allowed to travel only because of their connections with influential German army officers. With the start of the
875:
319:
55:
626:
865:
850:
805:
350:
our enemies are first and foremost the French, it is they who have not ceased causing misfortune to
Brittany".
332:, who has since published an account of the travel) left for Berlin, via Belgium and the Netherlands. While in
845:
800:
463:, then, from January 1941, in Berlin. However, he was barred from Brittany and from separatist activism.
62:. He was also an essayist, short story writer, and translator. Mordrel wrote some of his works under the
524:
425:
16:
496:
835:
187:
527:, Mordrel acting on his own. The two sides agreed on a programme of Breton independence within a "
385:; nonetheless, the two Bretons were not given the status of "leaders of Brittany", and the German
401:, the activists returned to Brittany on 1 July, re-founded the PNB, and Mordrel started printing
164:
110:
855:
649:
630:
529:
512:
210:
634:
289:
152:
183:
47:
584:(a name he had used in 1940), as well as editing several books - including a history of the
114:
795:
790:
599:
292:
were each sentenced to one-year suspended imprisonment for "attack on the nation's unity".
492:
428:, Mordrel took charge of the PNB in late October, and subsequently led a campaign against
375:
or treason. In early May, the
Germans awarded Mordrel the leadership of a self-designated
8:
433:
403:
376:
171:. During the same year, he started mixing his political and aesthetical ideals, adapting
495:; throughout 1943, he kept contacts with his fellow writer and Occupation regime figure
190:
685:
552:
516:
472:
449:
328:
erupted in 1939, Mordrel, Debeauvais, and their families (including
Debeauvais's wife,
301:
39:
445:
50:. Before the war, he worked as an architect. His architectural work was influenced by
557:
363:
354:
135:
717:
622:
468:
390:
479:, where he was frequently visited and consulted by his Breton friends - including
408:
31:
539:
520:
464:
267:
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186:(PNB), a nationalist and separatist Breton movement that would be outlawed by
784:
160:
144:
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437:
429:
329:
325:
270:
218:
202:
194:
131:
59:
475:
and orchestrated his return to Paris in May. He was allowed to settle in
241:
237:
43:
574:
Mordrel returned to France incognito in 1972 and continued writing for
535:
440:
264:
176:
168:
121:
606:
602:
585:
561:, in June 1946, but continued to contribute material to the magazine
548:
460:
372:
338:
333:
253:, a magazine which displayed the swastika in its title, and the 1936
175:
to Breton themes, and aligning himself with the Breton art movement
386:
172:
63:
51:
476:
421:
368:
285:
139:
102:
544:
358:
278:
274:
206:
167:(Parti Autonomiste Breton, or PAB), and then its secretary for
148:
432:
that was tacitly encouraged by the Germans. His relation with
621:, an organization associated with extremist politics, led by
618:
236:) and its Nazi-like platform - which included Bretons in the
232:
682:
The Lay of the Love and Death of Cornet Christopher Rilke
342:
calling for the Bretons not to back the French forces. A
222:
143:(1925), and was included in the Breton delegation to the
696:
Breiz Atao, histoire et actualité du nationalisme Breton
670:
Pensée d'un nationaliste Breton, (Breiz Atao 1921-1927)
371:, maintaining active a banned group, and incitement to
367:
and sentenced them to death for separatist activities,
197:. In an article he contributed to the 11 December 1932
459:
Mordrel was assigned residence in Germany: first in
163:). Subsequently, Mordrel became co-president of the
130:("Youth Union of Brittany") in 1922. Together with
782:
891:Nazis sentenced to death in absentia by France
605:' Circle"), together with such figures of the
592:). In the 1980s, he was among the founders of
654:Association bretonne de recherche historique
288:commander. On 14 December 1938 Mordrel and
261:Bulletin des minorités nationales de France
506:
193:in October 1939, for its connections with
209:rhetoric to his discourse against French
30:(29 April 1901 – 25 October 1985) is the
710:, essay, Guipavas, Éditions Kelenn, 1977
672:, Les Nouvelles Éditions Bretonnes, 1933
414:
311:
24:Breton nationalist and Axis collaborator
15:
821:Breton collaborators with Nazi Germany
783:
766:
764:
702:La voie Bretonne, Nature et Bretagne
538:. After being briefly active in the
811:Breton Autonomist Party politicians
320:Breton nationalism and World War II
225:". The same year, he conceived the
13:
761:
555:. He was again sentenced to death
42:and wartime collaborator with the
14:
902:
816:Breton National Party politicians
772:Les architects et l’idée bretonne
263:), which served as the voice for
886:20th-century French male writers
881:20th-century short story writers
124:in 1919 and became president of
871:French male short story writers
861:20th-century French translators
841:20th-century French journalists
295:
826:20th-century French architects
749:
617:; later, he was active in the
277:. A noted contributor was the
105:woman who had married General
1:
831:20th-century French essayists
656:(ABRH) and edits its journal
361:tried Debeauvais and Mordrel
96:
774:, SHAB, Rennes, 1995, p.539.
467:offered him the position of
113:, he became an architect in
7:
436:became tense after Lainé's
399:German occupation of France
336:, the two leaders issued a
46:who founded the separatist
10:
907:
876:French short story writers
317:
227:Strollad Ar Gelted Adsavet
205:attack, one aiming to add
726:, Éditions Albatros, 1981
692:, Kenwerzel Breiz, Rennes
426:Breton National Committee
215:Jacobin rime avec Youppin
145:First Pan-Celtic Congress
758:, Petit Futé, 1975, p.25
742:
708:L'essence de la Bretagne
663:
525:Parti Populaire Français
182:In 1932, he created the
127:Unvaniez Yaouankiz Vreiz
720:, Paris, Copernic, 1979
507:1945, exile, and return
165:Breton Autonomist Party
730:Le mythe de l'hexagone
650:historical revisionist
627:1981 presidential race
625:. Nonetheless, in the
497:Louis-Ferdinand CĂ©line
247:Mordrel also launched
201:, Mordrel launched an
21:
866:French male essayists
851:Writers from Brittany
806:Architects from Paris
698:, Alain Moreau, 1973.
415:During the Occupation
382:Bretonische Regierung
313:Bretonische Regierung
284:, who later became a
256:Peuples et Frontières
217:" - translatable as "
184:Breton National Party
48:Breton National Party
19:
690:Kanenn hini Langenau
595:Kelc'h Maksen Wledig
590:Waffen SS d'Occident
515:invasion during the
111:École des Beaux-Arts
770:Daniel Le Couedic,
676:La Galerie bretonne
635:François Mitterrand
377:government in exile
290:François Debeauvais
153:François Jaffrennou
67:Jean de La BĂ©nelais
56:International style
846:New Right (Europe)
801:Writers from Paris
686:Rainer Maria Rilke
577:La Bretagne RĂ©elle
517:battle of Normandy
473:University of Bonn
450:self-determination
389:they carried read
302:Streamline Moderne
259:(initially titled
207:National-socialist
40:Breton nationalist
22:
732:, Picollec, 1981.
648:) is a far-right
642:Tristan Mordrelle
629:, Mordrel backed
611:Yann Ber Tillenon
551:, and finally in
493:René-Yves Creston
471:professor at the
454:Raymond Delaporte
355:military tribunal
136:literary magazine
134:, he created the
36:Olivier Mordrelle
898:
775:
768:
759:
753:
718:Celtic mythology
714:Les hommes-dieux
704:, Quimper, 1975.
658:L'Autre Histoire
623:Alain de Benoist
469:Celtic languages
404:L'Heure Bretonne
191:Édouard Daladier
107:Joseph Mordrelle
906:
905:
901:
900:
899:
897:
896:
895:
836:French fascists
781:
780:
779:
778:
769:
762:
754:
750:
745:
738:, Nathan, 1983.
724:L'Idée Bretonne
680:translation of
666:
615:Georges Pinault
553:Francoist Spain
509:
446:Philippe PĂ©tain
417:
409:Morvan Lebesque
322:
316:
298:
282:Hermann Bickler
231:Party of Risen
117:for ten years.
99:
32:Breton language
25:
12:
11:
5:
904:
894:
893:
888:
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873:
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828:
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733:
727:
721:
711:
705:
699:
693:
678:
673:
665:
662:
640:Mordrel's son
540:umbrella group
521:Jacques Doriot
508:
505:
465:Leo Weisgerber
434:Célestin Lainé
416:
413:
315:
310:
297:
294:
188:Prime Minister
161:Yves Le Drézen
157:Morvan Marchal
98:
95:
91:Olivier Launay
23:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
903:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
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872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
856:French exiles
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
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788:
786:
773:
767:
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752:
748:
737:
734:
731:
728:
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722:
719:
716:, stories in
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712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
687:
683:
679:
677:
674:
671:
668:
667:
661:
659:
655:
652:who runs the
651:
647:
646:André Chelain
643:
638:
636:
632:
628:
624:
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541:
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533:
531:
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340:
335:
331:
327:
321:
314:
309:
306:
303:
293:
291:
287:
283:
280:
276:
272:
271:ethnic groups
269:
266:
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258:
257:
252:
251:
245:
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235:
234:
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158:
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150:
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142:
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137:
133:
129:
128:
123:
118:
116:
112:
108:
104:
101:The son of a
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
28:Olier Mordrel
20:Olier Mordrel
18:
771:
755:
751:
735:
729:
723:
713:
707:
701:
695:
689:
681:
675:
669:
657:
653:
641:
639:
593:
589:
581:
575:
573:
568:
562:
556:
528:
510:
500:
485:Rafig Tullou
481:Jean Merrien
458:
438:paramilitary
430:Vichy France
424:founded the
418:
402:
394:
380:
362:
352:
347:
344:Lizer Brezel
343:
337:
330:Anna Youenou
326:World War II
324:Just before
323:
312:
307:
299:
296:Architecture
260:
254:
248:
246:
230:
221:rhymes with
214:
203:anti-semitic
198:
195:Nazi Germany
181:
138:
132:Roparz Hemon
125:
119:
100:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
60:Le Corbusier
35:
27:
26:
796:1985 deaths
791:1901 births
736:La Bretagne
558:in absentia
489:Jean Trécan
407:(edited by
364:in absentia
273:throughout
242:master race
151:(alongside
44:Third Reich
34:version of
785:Categories
644:(pen name
633:candidate
536:federation
511:After the
441:Lu Brezhon
318:See also:
265:separatist
211:centralism
199:Breiz Atao
177:Seiz Breur
169:propaganda
122:Breiz Atao
120:He joined
97:Early life
631:Socialist
607:far right
603:Maxentius
586:Waffen-SS
582:Otto Mohr
549:Argentina
461:Stuttgart
395:Statenlos
391:stateless
387:passports
373:desertion
339:manifesto
334:Amsterdam
83:Otto Mohr
79:A. Calvez
75:Er GĂ©dour
64:pen names
523:and his
279:Alsatian
268:minority
173:Art Deco
103:Corsican
54:and the
52:Art Deco
756:Quimper
600:Emperor
569:Brython
547:, then
477:Mayenne
422:Pontivy
369:treason
348:" and "
286:Gestapo
229:(SAGA,
219:Jacobin
140:Gwalarn
115:Quimper
87:Brython
71:J. La B
564:Ar Vro
545:Brazil
513:Allied
491:, and
379:, the
359:Rennes
275:Europe
238:Nordic
159:, and
149:Dublin
89:, and
743:Notes
664:Works
619:GRECE
532:-like
530:Swiss
233:Celts
613:and
501:Stur
250:Stur
38:, a
684:by
609:as
580:as
567:as
411:).
357:in
244:".
223:Yid
213:: "
147:in
58:of
787::
763:^
688:-
660:.
637:.
598:("
571:.
534:"
503:.
487:,
483:,
456:.
353:A
179:.
155:,
93:.
85:,
81:,
77:,
73:,
69:,
588:(
393:(
240:"
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