219:. While out in the bay, a storm arose, rocking their tiny boat violently with incoming waves. Juan, the child, was wearing a medal with the image of the Virgin Mary. The three men began to pray for her protection. Suddenly, the skies cleared, and the storm was gone. In the distance, they saw a strange object floating in the water. They rowed towards it as the waves carried it to them. At first they mistook it for a bird, but quickly saw that it was what seemed to be a statue of a girl. At last they were able to determine that it was a statue of the Virgin Mary holding the child Jesus on her left arm and a gold cross in her right hand. The statue was fastened to a board with an inscription saying "Yo Soy la VĂrgen de la Caridad" or "I am the Virgin of Charity". Much to their surprise, the statue remained completely dry while afloat in the water.
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organized a search party, but had no success in finding Our Lady of
Charity. Then, the next morning, she was back on the altar, as if nothing had happened. This was inconceivable as the chapel had been locked. This event happened three times. The people of Barajagua came to the conclusion that she wanted to be in a different spot, so they took her to El Cobre. She was received with much joy in El Cobre, and the church there had its bells ring on her arrival. It was at this point that she became known as "Nuestra Señora de la Caridad del Cobre" or "Our Lady of Charity of El Cobre". Much to the dismay of people in El Cobre, the disappearance of the statue continued to happen.
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591:" to give reformed prostitutes housing, shelter and new work. The order survives today with many other charitable activities. Offshoot orders include both apostolic and contemplative Sisters of "Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd", which have now been joined back together as one order with Christian missionary work towards
445:: "She came to Cuba bearing the greatest of gifts—her own child—and appeared not to a priest or bishop, but to common men. She spoke not just to the aboriginal people, but also to the Spaniards, Creoles, and African slaves." For Cubans who follow Yoruban religious practices, La VĂrgen de la Caridad is syncretized with the
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As we remember these aspects of the mission of the Church, let us give thanks to God, who has called us to be part of it. In it, the Virgin Mary occupies a singular place. An expression of this is the
Coronation of the venerated image of the Virgin of Charity of El Cobre. Cuban history is dotted with
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where a 16-inch replica of the statue of Our Lady of
Charity was smuggled out of Cuba through the Panamanian embassy. Due to the overwhelming Cuban devotion to this Marian title in 1966, the Archdiocese of Miami announced the construction of the Shrine of Our Lady of Charity. Construction was begun
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has accompanied the history of the Cuban people, sustaining the hope which preserves people's dignity in the most difficult situations and championing the promotion of all that gives dignity to the human person. The growing devotion to the Virgin is a visible testimony of her presence in the soul of
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Overjoyed by what they had discovered, they hurried back to
Barajagua. They showed the statue to a government official, Don Francisco Sánchez de Moya, who then ordered a small chapel to be built in her honor. One night, Rodrigo went to visit the statue, but discovered that the image was gone. He
299:(English: Mother of Charity who walked on the road of stormy seas). Originally, the robes on the image were white in color. Newer robes are embroidered with gold and silver, which includes the national shield of Cuba. Among Cuban religious devotees, the image is given the familiar title of
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on 3 August 1955 and was granted to the
Archbishop of Nueva Segovia, Santiago Caragnan y Sancho. The decree was signed by the Secretary Deacon Giulio Rossi and notarized by the Grand Chancellor, Girolamo Ricci. The image was crowned on 12 January 1956 by the Apostolic Nuncio, Cardinal
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marvelous expressions of love for her
Patroness, at whose feet the figures of the humble natives, two Indians and a dark-haired man, symbolize the rich plurality of this people. El Cobre, where her Sanctuary is located, was the first place in Cuba where freedom for slaves was won.
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The king commissioned him to build a small church, a place where soldiers and miners could go to commend themselves and pray to the venerated image of the Virgen de la
Caridad. Before leaving for the New World, this captain had a replica of the Virgin of Charity carved in
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Local legend recalls the
Spanish captains who bring with them religious Marian images to guide and protect them from English pirates at sea. Two Native American or Indian brothers, Rodrigo and Juan de Hoyos, and an African slave child, Juan Moreno, set out to the
230:, where she came across the statue on top of a small hill. There were those who did and those who did not believe the little girl's testimony, but in the end, the Virgin was taken to the spot of her discovery, where a church was erected for her.
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After its return, it was for some time, hidden from view. The medal is now stored within the treasury vault of the backside of the church building and is very rarely present in the image. It is only worn during solemn and
Pontifical occasions.
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for salt. They are traditionally given the moniker the "three Juans". They needed the salt for the preservation of the meat at the
Barajagua slaughter house, which supplied the workers and inhabitants of Santiago del Prado, now known as
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The Cuban statue venerated measures about 16 inches tall; the head is made of baked clay covered with a polished coat of fine white powder. Her feet rest on a brilliant moon, while angels spread their golden wings on a silver cloud. The
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The Blessed Virgin Mary carrying the Christ child and holding a crucifix atop an inverted crescent moon, with triple cherubs, encrusted with jewels and golden crown and aureole halo, embroidered gold mantle with the Cuban
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where a famed miraculous healing of paralyzed patient Francesca de la Cruz took place in 1562. During the same time, the image was revised, separating the heads and hands of the Virgin from its fully formed or
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437:"has become a quintessential symbol of Cuban identity". She unites both those at home and abroad, across lines of race and class. Wherever Cuban immigrants settled, they brought with them their devotion to
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The statue stands on a pedestal behind glass above the altar in the El Cobre basilica. The color yellow is associated with the Virgin of Charity, and her shrines are often filled with yellow flowers.
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245:. Later folk legends associated the taking of copper materials to their homes after having it blessed near the Virgin's sanctified image as a form of souvenir and miraculous healing.
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raises his right hand as in a blessing, and in his left hand he holds a golden globe. A popular image of Our Lady of Charity includes a banner above her head with the Latin phrase "
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Our Lady of the Exile : Diasporic Religion at a Cuban Catholic Shrine pp. 22–24 – Thomas A. Tweed Associate Professor of Religious Studies University of North Carolina
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monastery. When the priory church, Notre-Dame-de-La-Charité, was built in the 11th century, it was the second largest building in Europe, only surpassed by the church at
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241:. The story circulated around the island quickly. Many felt that the Virgin purposely chose to have her sanctuary in El Cobre because it is located in
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was reported to be seen on the ruined altar and in a nearby oak tree. This set off more pilgrimages and became part of the unrest leading up to the
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declared Our Lady of Charity of El Cobre Patroness of Cuba via a decree signed on 10 May 1916 at the written request of the soldier veterans of the
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On 24 September 1915 the Cuban revolutionaries wrote a letter petitioning the Pope Benedict XV to honor her as Patroness of their country.
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One day, a young girl named Jabba was playing outside, pursuing butterflies and picking flowers. She went towards the mountains of the
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659:, Mexico in 25 July 1974. The rite of coronation was executed on 15 August 1974. The same Pontiff raised the shrine to the status of
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A chapel of Our Lady of Charity exists within the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, D.C.
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The Virgin is one of the island's most treasured figures, representing hope and salvation in the face of misfortune. Over time,
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804:(English: Mistress of Charity). The Marian title is a replica of the older Marian image that has been long venerated in
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presented the Cuban banner to the image along with his soldiers who wore a similar medal while Cuban general
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Another image of Our Lady of Charity is also enshrined within the Minor Basilica of Our Lady of Charity in
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to Toledo between the year 50 and 60 A.D. From that date, the image remained when the Archbishop of Toledo
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An earlier image of Our Lady of Charity predating and sourcing the Cuban image is venerated in the town of
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to go to the mines of the Sierra del Cobre to defend those coasts from the attacks of English pirates.
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572:. The nave was shortened after the fire of 1559 destroyed its roof. The church has been on the list of
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which was destroyed by order of the French revolutionary government in 1791. Shortly afterward, a
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Montgomery, David. "Why the iconic Virgin of Charity means so much to Cubans and Pope Francis",
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2011:
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194:, Francisco Sánchez de Moya, captain of artillery, received on May 3, 1597 a mandate from King
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section of Miami. The shrine was completed in 1973, built with donations by new Cuban exiles.
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and named as "Patroness of Ilocandia". The image of Our Lady of Charity, is enshrined at the
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since 1998. It currently serves as a parish church dedicated to Notre Dame de la Nativité.
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1161:"Cuba Celebrates Our Lady Of Charity, Island's Patron Saint", NBC News, September 8, 2014
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752:, Andalusia on 28 March 1965. The coronation took place on 15 August of the same year.
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1207:"Viaje ApostĂłlico a Cuba: Misa en Santiago (24 de enero de 1998) | Juan Pablo II"
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For many centuries, Notre-Dame-de-La-Charité was the second largest church in Europe.
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186:(Seville), the arrival of the image of the Virgin of Charity to the mountains of the
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The present image enshrined in the Minor Basilica of Nuestra Señora Caridad del Cobre
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Paulus Sextus, Papam. "Quanto Christifideles", A.A.S., vol. LXX (1978), n. 1, p. 11
1101:"Our Lady of Charity", Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception
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1133:"Viaje ApostĂłlico a Cuba: Misa en Santiago (24 de enero de 1998) | Juan Pablo II"
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the Cuban people …. I will have occasion to go to El Cobre, as a son and pilgrim.
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solemnly crowned the image again during his Apostolic Visit on 24 January 1998.
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1150:"Image of the Patron Saint of Cuba at Vatican Gardens", Radio Cadena Agramonte
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The medal was stolen in 1986 and was recovered days later upon the threat of
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702:, Spain. Legend recalls that it was copied from a "Saint Luke" image from
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1279:. The Catholic Encyclopedia (Volume 12; New York: Robert Appleton Company
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1041:"Story of Our Lady of Charity", Sanctuario Nacional Ermita de La Caridad
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Nuestra Señora de la Caridad del Cobre (Our Lady of Charity of Cobre)
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monastery. In the 16th century, the image was transferred to a local
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610:. Today, a small one is on the altar in the newly restored church.
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granted a pontifical decree of coronation for a namesake image in
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was the home of the Abbaye de la Charité, a very large and famous
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Cuerto, Emilio. "The Surprising History of Cuba's Patron Saint",
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Before the famous image on 19 May 1801, a royal edict from King
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Our Lady of Charity – Official Web Site – Cuban Catholic Church
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of the image is commemorated on September 8; the birthday and
1068:"Our Lady of Charity", Knights of Columbus, September 1, 2007
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that it be returned or the thieves suffer the consequences.
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to Marian image at the shrine of Caridad del Cobre in Cuba.
97:
Our Lady of Charity, Mother and Patroness of Cuba, La Cachita
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Our Lady of Charity: Nuestra Señora del la Caridad del Cobre
839:. The image was episcopally crowned on 1 May 1971 under the
441:. Emilio Cueto points out the Christian themes suggested by
1027:"Our Lady Of Charity National Shrine", Archdiocese of Miami
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Pope Francis Sends Message to Cuba on Patroness' Feast Day
1329:"Qua veneratione – Littera apostolica | Ioannes Paulus II"
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There was a pilgrimage chapel of Our Lady of Charity near
1311:"L'incoronazione – Santuario della Madonna della Carità "
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celebrated the feast of Our Lady of Charity with 30,000
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In the Philippines, Our Lady of Charity is known in the
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in August 2014, then enshrined in 2016 at the 13th slot.
1369:"Signum illud – Littera apostolica | Ioannes Paulus II"
1221:"Ernest Hemingway keeps a promise with the Virgin Mary"
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style, to allow vestments and jewels to fit the image.
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in honor of the image and her shrine on 27 March 2012.
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Cuban and slave independence, tolerance towards mixed
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towards this image on 14 June 1886 via the Bishop of
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On his Apostolic Visit to Cuba in 22 September 2015,
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The Minor Basilica of Our Lady of Charity of El Cobre
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1388:"400 Years Later, Still Revered in Cuba (and Miami)"
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decreed that Cuban slaves were to be freed from the
1344:"Bantay Church and Belfry: Ilocos Sur, Philippines"
1173:"Island Queen: A reflection on Our Lady of Charity"
679:Our Lady of Charity, Patroness of Cartagena, Spain
632:, through the Vatican Chapter bestowed a decree of
480:On his Apostolic Visit to Cuba in 24 January 1998,
333:resistance. Our Lady of Charity acquired the title
2023:Inmaculada ConcepciĂłn de Ciudad de Batangas (2022)
1994:Nuestra Señora de la Paz y Buen Viaje de Noveleta
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53:, Malta, Spain and the United States of America.
2191:
815:issued a pontifical decree of coronation titled
1234:"Canadian-Cuban Friendship Association Toronto"
472:for Mexico on 15 August 1974 via formal decree
1277:"Sisters of Our Lady of Charity of the Refuge"
738:, was canonically crowned on 17 April 1923 by
45:Various similar Marian images can be found in
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1331:(in Latin). www.vatican.va. 19 February 1997.
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382:then raised her sanctuary to the category of
1831:National Pilgrim Image of Our Lady of Fatima
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734:image of Our Lady of Charity in the city of
520:In the Marian year of 1954, American author
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365:at Santiago de Cuba on 20 December 1936 by
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1762:Nuestra Señora del Carmen de San Sebastian
1709:
1695:
1572:The Most Holy Virgin Mary, Queen of Poland
1467:
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1171:Scaperlanda, MarĂa Ruiz (September 2011).
651:granted a decree of pontifical coronation
589:Order of Our Lady of Charity of the Refuge
428:
420:by Cuban bishops (in May 2008) within the
386:on 22 December 1977 through the appointed
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297:Mater Caritatis Fluctibus Maris Ambulavit"
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1031:
788:later raised her shrine to the status of
760:which raised her shrine to the status of
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771:
674:
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182:According to old documents found in the
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1298:France and the Cult of the Sacred Heart
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1063:
1061:
1059:
881:, the following year on the shores of
337:or the Virgin for Cuban Independence.
206:, which he took by sea to the island.
2113:Patrocinio de Maria de Boljoon (2022)
1947:Purisima ConcepciĂłn de Bulacan (2020)
1690:
1448:
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923:Huamantla, Tlaxcala (Minor Basilica)
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75:Queen and Patroness of Cuban peoples
2020:SantĂsimo Rosario de Cardona (2022)
1951:De la Merced de la Ciudad de Tarlac
1379:
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847:raised her shrine to the status of
515:
259:raised the shrine to the status of
255:for the image on 20 December 1936.
135:Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary
13:
996:
951:
416:enshrined a brass statue given to
369:Valentin Zubizarreta y Unamunsaga.
14:
2231:
1411:
756:later issued a pontifical decree
2215:Statues of the Madonna and Child
2165:
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1936:Inmaculada ConcepciĂłn de Malolos
1750:Inmaculada ConcepciĂłn de MalabĂłn
1717:Marian images in the Philippines
1659:
1645:
1386:Alvarez, Lizette (Sep 9, 2012).
1348:The Poor Traveler Itinerary Blog
85:
2220:Titles of Mary, mother of Jesus
1361:
1342:Dimen, Yosh (August 11, 2010).
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1268:
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960:Agoo, La Union (Minor Basilica)
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476:dated 25 July of the same year.
1786:Inmaculada ConcepciĂłn de Pasig
1139:(in Spanish). 24 January 1998.
1114:
1105:
1094:
1045:
776:The namesake image crowned by
767:
640:, Monsignor Joseph Formisano.
190:, in Cuba, took place when an
1:
1181:(Vol. 76, No. 9, pages 55–56)
983:
913:La Charité-sur-Loire (Priory)
680:
653:Quandoquidem Beatissima Virgo
474:Quandoquidem Beatissima Virgo
184:General Archive of the Indies
68:Our Lady of Charity del Cobre
49:, France, Italy, Mexico, the
1856:SantĂsimo Rosario de Manáoag
1738:Nuestra Señora de Balintawak
758:Qua Veneratione Augustissima
714:, who placed the image in a
600:Sainte Laurent sur la Plaine
325:bowed at the image during a
7:
2136:Santisimo Rosario de Ubanon
1924:Santissimo Rosario de Orani
1803:Del Carmen de Quezon (2020)
1418:Virgin of Charity, El Cobre
917:
907:
892:
853:Signum illud Sanctuariumque
574:UNESCO World Heritage Sites
317:Cuban revolutionary leader
269:Nativity of the Virgin Mary
71:Virgin of Charity del Cobre
10:
2236:
2210:Shrines to the Virgin Mary
1970:Nuestra Señora de Maulawin
1825:Desamparados de Muntinlupa
1813:De La Merced de Novaliches
1275:Steele, Francesca (1911).
927:
851:via his Pontifical decree
663:via his Pontifical decree
2200:Catholic pilgrimage sites
2148:
2141:AsunciĂłn de Maasin (2022)
2126:
2092:
2073:
2036:
1960:
1908:
1889:
1874:Auxiliadora de San Fabian
1846:
1780:Desamparados de Mariquina
1722:
1654:
1643:
1482:
1476:Titles of the Virgin Mary
1375:(in Latin). 15 July 1982.
957:Quezon City, Metro Manila
897:
864:On 8 September 1961, the
643:
618:A namesake image of this
548:
526:Nobel Prize in Literature
361:for the image during the
349:Cuban War of Independence
319:Carlos Manuel de CĂ©spedes
263:on 22 December 1977. The
168:
151:
140:
127:
111:
101:
96:
84:
63:
2017:Dolores de Quezon (2020)
1819:Auxiliadora de Parañaque
1774:Buen Suceso de Parañaque
968:United States of America
877:on the shrine, known as
860:United States of America
670:
655:for a namesake image in
613:
502:declared the following:
484:declared the following:
275:Description of the image
164:, salt and copper miners
28:Nostra Domina Charitatis
16:Title of the Virgin Mary
1930:Divina Pastora de Gapan
1868:Milagrosa de Namacpacan
1724:National Capital Region
1433:La Ermita de la Caridad
944:Loja and The Garrovilla
879:La Ermita de la Caridad
622:is widely venerated in
531:The Old Man and the Sea
464:The venerated image in
429:Cuban national identity
422:Gardens of Vatican City
313:Pontifical approbations
56:
2172:Catholicism portal
2058:Candelaria de Paracale
1756:Desamparados de Manila
1666:Catholicism portal
1637:Our Lady of the Pillar
1632:Our Lady of Navigators
1627:Our Lady of Luxembourg
1522:Lady of Perpetual Help
1005:. Interfaith Mary Page
793:
792:on 19 February 1997.
708:Saint Paul the Apostle
695:
558:
513:
491:
477:
287:
133:September 8, Feast of
27:
2064:Del Pilar de Libmanan
2012:Soledad de Porta Vaga
2000:Aranzazu de San Mateo
1768:ConsolaciĂłn de Manila
1744:Peñafráncia de Manila
1612:Our Lady of Guadalupe
1507:Immaculate Conception
1315:madonnadellacarita.it
782:SanlĂşcar de Barrameda
775:
764:on 19 February 1997.
750:SanlĂşcar de Barrameda
712:Eugenius II of Toledo
678:
556:
504:
486:
463:
380:Quanto Christifideles
282:
239:El Cobre copper mines
2205:Christianity in Cuba
1918:Remedios de Pampanga
1798:De la Rosa de Macati
1617:Our Lady of the Hens
1607:Our Lady of the Fire
1512:Lady of Good Counsel
1090:, September 22, 2015
866:Archdiocese of Miami
690:on 17 April 1923 by
688:canonical coronation
634:canonical coronation
562:La Charité-sur-Loire
363:Eucharistic Congress
359:canonical coronation
253:canonical coronation
2052:Salvacion de Joroan
2046:Peñafráncia de Naga
1942:Del Pilar de Morong
1792:Del Pilar de Manila
1671:Christianity portal
1622:Our Lady of Lourdes
1597:Our Lady of Charity
1088:The Washington Post
720:Hospital of Charity
508:Blessed Virgin Mary
235:Charles IV of Spain
36:Blessed Virgin Mary
20:Our Lady of Charity
2083:Candelaria de Jaro
2027:Dolores de Turumba
1899:Visitacion de PĂat
1880:Milagrosa de Badoc
1837:Fatima de Marikina
1732:La Naval de Manila
1676:Visual arts portal
1602:Our Lady of Fátima
1552:Madonna of Majesty
1532:Lady of the Rosary
1497:Help of Christians
1438:2016-08-08 at the
1393:The New York Times
1195:, October 27, 2016
963:Bantay, Ilocos Sur
830:Bantay, Ilocos Sur
794:
696:
667:on 5 August 1978.
665:Tanta Est Dignitas
559:
478:
288:
196:Philip II of Spain
121:Basilica del Cobre
40:Catholic countries
38:venerated in many
30:) is a celebrated
2187:
2186:
2160:Saints portal
2117:Asuncion de Dauis
2108:Guadalupe de CebĂş
1988:Del Pilar de Imus
1862:Caridad de Bantay
1807:Lourdes de Manila
1684:
1683:
1255:"El Cobre – Cuba"
1219:Stephen K. Ryan,
979:Buffalo, New York
845:Pope John Paul II
786:Pope John Paul II
754:Pope John Paul II
620:Madonna and Child
608:War in the Vendée
604:Marian apparition
482:Pope John Paul II
456:Pope John Paul II
418:Pope Benedict XVI
404:Pope Benedict XVI
398:Pope John Paul II
335:La VĂrgen Mambisa
286:, built in 1926.
180:
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102:Venerated in
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2006:Virgen de la Luz
1982:Caysásay de Taál
1976:Paz y Buen Viaje
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1547:Madonna Advocata
1527:Lady of the Sign
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855:on 15 July 1982.
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798:Ilocano language
700:Illescas, Toledo
685:
682:
522:Ernest Hemingway
516:Ernest Hemingway
392:Bernardin Gantin
345:Pope Benedict XV
243:Oriente Province
188:Sierra del Cobre
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1587:Star of the Sea
1577:Queen of Heaven
1557:Nursing Madonna
1537:Lady of Sorrows
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1517:Lady of Peace
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1487:Black Madonna
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887:Coconut Grove
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874:Miami Stadium
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826:Bantay Church
823:
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813:Pope Pius XII
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806:Toledo, Spain
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587:founded the "
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162:Cuban peoples
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1596:
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1391:
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1353:September 5,
1351:. Retrieved
1347:
1337:
1323:
1314:
1305:
1297:
1293:
1281:. Retrieved
1270:
1260:29 September
1258:. Retrieved
1249:
1239:29 September
1237:. Retrieved
1228:
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1186:
1176:
1167:
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1145:
1136:
1127:
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1087:
1047:
1007:. Retrieved
1002:
992:
883:Biscayne Bay
878:
870:Cuban exiles
863:
852:
841:Papal nuncio
816:
801:
795:
778:Pope Paul VI
757:
746:Pope Paul VI
744:
740:Pope Pius XI
729:
724:
719:
697:
692:Pope Pius XI
686:, granted a
664:
652:
649:Pope Paul VI
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500:Pope Francis
497:
494:Pope Francis
487:
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470:Pope Paul VI
442:
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414:Pope Francis
388:Papal legate
379:
373:Pope Paul VI
355:Pope Pius XI
339:
334:
329:in honor of
316:
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257:Pope Paul VI
249:Pope Pius XI
247:
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208:
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181:
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32:Marian title
19:
18:
2102:De la Regla
1193:Smithsonian
1009:8 September
999:"Historian"
802:Apo Caridad
768:Philippines
716:Benedictine
684: 1723
593:sex workers
570:Cluny Abbey
539:RaĂşl Castro
524:gifted his
408:Golden Rose
293:Child Jesus
212:Bay of Nipe
169:Controversy
51:Philippines
2194:Categories
1962:Calabarzon
1502:Hodegetria
1400:2012-09-10
1283:31 January
984:References
626:, Italy.
585:John Eudes
566:Cistercian
528:medal for
443:La Cachita
439:la Caridad
435:La Cachita
406:awarded a
377:Papal bull
357:granted a
301:La Cachita
251:granted a
142:Attributes
947:Cam arena
933:Cartagena
736:Cartagena
725:detallado
657:Huamantla
624:Moschiano
466:Huamantla
390:Cardinal
375:, in his
367:Monsignor
327:Holy Mass
265:feast day
153:Patronage
2178:Category
1436:Archived
941:Illescas
903:El Cobre
893:Churches
331:Mambises
217:El Cobre
192:Illescan
1542:Madonna
885:in the
704:Antioch
174:Mulatto
34:of the
2138:(1995)
2119:(2023)
2110:(2006)
2104:(1954)
2085:(1981)
2066:(2015)
2060:(2012)
2054:(1976)
2048:(1924)
2029:(2023)
2014:(2018)
2008:(2018)
2002:(2017)
1996:(2015)
1990:(2012)
1984:(1954)
1978:(1926)
1972:(1910)
1953:(2023)
1944:(2018)
1938:(2012)
1932:(1964)
1926:(1959)
1920:(1956)
1901:(1954)
1882:(2018)
1876:(2018)
1870:(1959)
1864:(1956)
1858:(1926)
1839:(2024)
1833:(2024)
1827:(2023)
1821:(2022)
1815:(2021)
1809:(2020)
1800:(2019)
1794:(2017)
1788:(2008)
1782:(2005)
1776:(2000)
1770:(2000)
1764:(1991)
1758:(1991)
1752:(1986)
1746:(1985)
1740:(1925)
1734:(1907)
1492:Eleusa
918:Mexico
908:France
644:Mexico
549:France
447:orisha
204:Toledo
123:, Cuba
115:shrine
113:Major
1567:PietĂ
928:Spain
732:Pieta
671:Spain
614:Italy
450:OchĂşn
176:races
129:Feast
24:Latin
1355:2023
1285:2016
1262:2014
1241:2014
1011:2013
898:Cuba
638:Nola
579:The
506:The
158:Cuba
147:flag
57:Cuba
47:Cuba
1175:,
872:at
828:in
800:as
780:in
595:.
2196::
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1371:.
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1074:^
1058:^
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1019:^
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1243:.
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832:.
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22:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
