214:
66:
405:
Wide evidence of stone inscriptions have been found scattered all over the area which constitutes
Novempopulania. These recordings feature names of deities, persons and places with easily identifiable similarities to present-day Basque, a fact that provides, along with current and ancient place-names
338:, namely Civitas Ausciorum, Civ. Aquensium, Civ. Lactoratium, Civ. Convenarum, Civ. Consorannorum, Civ. Boatium, Civ. Benarnensium, Civ. Aturensium, Civ. Vasatica, Civ. Turba, Civ. Illoronensium and Civ. Elusatium. These civitas are in turn identifiable with present-day towns and cities as follows:
326:
The newly acquired status may have affected not only the tax system but the conscription and military order too, since two separate bodies were created within
Aquitania, i.e. the "Cohortes Aquitanorum" for old Aquitanians and "Cohortes Aquitanorum Biturigum" for those of proper
302:
The name
Novempopulania stands for the nine peoples making up the original territory (Aquitania Tertia). It seems clear that at the time of the lower empire (2nd to 4th century), the nine peoples were granted by the emperor the right to detach from the
460:
Accounts of events taking place at that time on the territory of
Novempopulania are confusing and blurred, and so are the names of the peoples and their geographical locations, who are as of now dubbed
1837:
1832:
709:
187:
162:
1085:
449:, where they established their seat. Other than this, their power tenure over Novempopulania may have been more nominal than real. Furthermore, after the 507
78:
1080:
702:
286:. In his work, Caesar describes the Aquitani as being different in language and body type from their northerly neighbours and more similar to the
1842:
363:
695:
496:
and Vascon raids that occurred later on are often mentioned in various documents. Novempopulania was to become the core region of the
773:
established after 584. After massive territorial losses in the 7th century, the remaining provinces were superseded by the
1215:
429:
In 418, in the stir of the crumbling rule of the Roman Empire and its territories overrun by
Germanic tribes, emperor
1364:
675:
648:
621:
572:
1852:
334:
The number of peoples went on to be twelve later, the tribes being identified with a corresponding capital town or
687:
504:, but which often conducted a semi-autonomous governance of Basque-Aquitanian background. It later split into the
1789:
1040:
1108:
1032:
1021:
1857:
1847:
1175:
809:
17:
1612:
718:
278:
500:, which was established by the Franks at the beginning of the 7th century with a view to holding back the
1095:
1292:
1234:
1045:
1632:
1617:
1441:
1170:
1117:
1113:
1075:
1007:
828:
1436:
1383:
1320:
1160:
1150:
979:
949:
588:
536:
509:
395:
316:
492:
The crisis of Late antiquity brought about much unrest and turmoil in
Novempopulania, where the
311:
Verus and, as a result, a celebrating altar was erected which was dedicated to the deity of the
1642:
969:
1657:
1426:
1239:
1165:
758:
1795:
1312:
964:
796:
766:
414:
mentioned by
Ptolemy on the eastern fringes of Novempopulania) and traces of Basque in the
52:
419:
8:
1801:
1756:
1574:
1564:
1226:
1055:
1002:
997:
770:
478:
441:, with their tribes settling on the fringes of Novempopulania at both banks of the River
375:
489:
tribes, different from the more restricted definition provided at the time of
Augustus.
1652:
1627:
1534:
1509:
1398:
1282:
1132:
944:
741:
430:
1779:
1486:
1476:
1471:
1375:
1345:
1142:
992:
883:
873:
848:
843:
671:
644:
617:
568:
526:
497:
450:
1862:
1715:
1710:
1667:
1622:
1529:
1274:
1264:
1254:
1202:
939:
931:
717:
359:
283:
233:
167:
315:. This fact is accounted for by the remains of the altar unearthed in the current
1695:
1685:
1592:
1544:
1499:
1418:
1340:
1325:
1244:
987:
891:
863:
838:
820:
541:
486:
415:
97:
40:
402:) remained the capital city of Novempopulania throughout most of its existence.
1705:
1700:
1690:
1637:
1582:
1393:
1287:
1259:
1249:
1127:
911:
868:
858:
781:
and parts of Greece they survived under the themes until the early 9th century.
260:
dwelt. The territory extended within the triangular area outlined by the River
48:
1826:
1587:
1539:
1504:
1494:
1403:
1103:
906:
901:
853:
833:
762:
746:
273:
269:
1785:
1602:
1597:
1549:
1335:
1302:
1297:
1122:
896:
774:
423:
287:
213:
1808:
1680:
1647:
1559:
1514:
1388:
1330:
343:
1675:
1519:
921:
750:
229:
228:
for "country of the nine peoples") was one of the provinces created by
1461:
1350:
959:
954:
434:
355:
351:
320:
252:
1807: Affected (i.e. boundaries modified, abolished or renamed) by
1554:
1524:
1446:
1155:
1070:
778:
521:
501:
493:
482:
446:
407:
347:
291:
265:
257:
180:
367:
65:
1751:
1607:
1466:
1408:
1171:
Numidia (divided as
Cirtensis and Militiana during the Tetrarchy)
1065:
1060:
1050:
531:
505:
442:
261:
1761:
454:
387:
383:
371:
205:
1456:
1451:
1431:
399:
391:
379:
328:
312:
304:
225:
82:
485:
had taken on an extended meaning arguably encompassing all
339:
765:. Empire permanently partitioned after 395. Exarchates of
294:
and began to signify a larger and more diverse territory.
1838:
States and territories disestablished in the 7th century
1833:
States and territories established in the 3rd century
1201:
795:
663:
636:
609:
560:
670:. San Sebastian: Editorial Txertoa. p. 149.
643:. San Sebastian: Editorial Txertoa. p. 132.
616:. San Sebastian: Editorial Txertoa. p. 133.
567:. San Sebastian: Editorial Txertoa. p. 127.
1824:
1788:by the Eastern Empire in 534 as the separate
703:
290:. The province of Aquitania was enlarged by
217:Novempopulania was first known as Aquitania.
1811:'s administrative reorganization in 534–536
481:) with no clear boundaries. At that point,
250:The area of Novempopulania was first named
710:
696:
453:, they were expelled from the area by the
64:
745:. Provincial administration reformed and
27:Administrative region of the Roman Empire
719:Late Roman and early Byzantine provinces
212:
232:(Roman emperor from 284 to 305) out of
14:
1825:
589:"La Pierre Romaine / Erromatar Harria"
1843:Ancient history of the Basque Country
1741:
1740:
1200:
794:
730:
691:
245:
24:
25:
1874:
297:
1151:Africa proconsularis (Zeugitana)
777:in c. 640–660, although in
185:
160:
761:established after the death of
422:), the basis for an Aquitanian
307:proper (Celts) by means of the
1109:Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium
1033:Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy
657:
630:
603:
581:
554:
13:
1:
1176:Tripolitania (Roman province)
754:
547:
600:Article in French and Basque
418:language (especially in the
279:Commentarii de Bello Gallico
7:
1784: Re-established after
1096:Diocese of Annonarian Italy
731:
664:Caro Baroja, Julio (1985).
637:Caro Baroja, Julio (1985).
610:Caro Baroja, Julio (1985).
561:Caro Baroja, Julio (1985).
515:
433:allocated Aquitania to the
10:
1879:
667:Los vascones y sus vecinos
640:Los vascones y sus vecinos
613:Los vascones y sus vecinos
564:Los vascones y sus vecinos
39:Akitania bederatzi lagun (
1774:
1757:Quaestura exercitus (536)
1747:
1736:
1666:
1573:
1485:
1417:
1374:
1363:
1311:
1273:
1225:
1214:
1210:
1196:
1141:
1094:
1031:
1020:
978:
930:
882:
819:
808:
804:
790:
737:
726:
201:
139:
135:
131:
127:
117:
107:
103:
93:
89:
74:
70:Novempopulania around 600
63:
58:
47:
32:
1633:Palaestina III Salutaris
829:Alpes Poeninae et Graiae
236:, which was also called
1853:Provinces of Roman Gaul
1800: Placed under the
1161:Mauretania Caesariensis
980:Diocese of the Britains
537:Northern Basque Country
35:Aquitania novempopulana
1643:Phoenice II Libanensis
1346:Macedonia II Salutaris
759:praetorian prefectures
721:(4th–7th centuries AD)
256:, as it was where the
218:
119:• Disestablished
1365:Praetorian prefecture
1240:Noricum mediterraneum
1216:Praetorian prefecture
1166:Mauretania Sitifensis
1061:Picenum Suburbicarium
1022:Praetorian prefecture
810:Praetorian prefecture
757: 293. Permanent
216:
1858:History of Aquitaine
1848:Late Roman provinces
1796:Diocese of Illyricum
1790:Prefecture of Africa
1545:Galatia II Salutaris
1313:Diocese of Macedonia
1203:Eastern Roman Empire
965:Mauretania Tingitana
797:Western Roman Empire
53:Western Roman Empire
1802:Quaestura exercitus
1575:Diocese of the East
1565:Pontus Polemoniacus
1227:Diocese of Pannonia
1056:Lucania et Bruttium
1003:Maxima Caesariensis
998:Flavia Caesariensis
591:. Ville d'Hasparren
479:Ravenna Cosmography
477:, according to the
473:(as opposed to the
109:• Established
1653:Syria II Salutaris
1510:Armenian Satrapies
1283:Dacia Mediterranea
1205:(395–c. 640)
1133:Venetia et Histria
1041:Apulia et Calabria
742:Notitia Dignitatum
510:County of Vasconia
272:, as described by
246:Early Roman period
219:
1818:
1817:
1780:Septem Provinciae
1770:
1769:
1742:Other territories
1732:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1724:
1723:
1515:Armenia III (536)
1487:Diocese of Pontus
1477:Phrygia Salutaris
1472:Phrygia Pacatiana
1376:Diocese of Thrace
1359:
1358:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1143:Diocese of Africa
1016:
1015:
884:Diocese of Vienne
874:Maxima Sequanorum
786:
785:
527:Duchy of Vasconia
498:Duchy of Vasconia
451:Battle of Vouille
211:
210:
197:
196:
193:
192:
173:
172:
16:(Redirected from
1870:
1794: Later the
1778: Later the
1738:
1737:
1716:Thebais Inferior
1711:Thebais Superior
1668:Diocese of Egypt
1658:Theodorias (528)
1520:Armenia IV (536)
1372:
1371:
1275:Diocese of Dacia
1265:Valeria ripensis
1223:
1222:
1212:
1211:
1198:
1197:
1081:Tuscia et Umbria
1029:
1028:
932:Diocese of Spain
817:
816:
806:
805:
792:
791:
756:
739:As found in the
728:
727:
712:
705:
698:
689:
688:
682:
681:
661:
655:
654:
634:
628:
627:
607:
601:
599:
597:
596:
585:
579:
578:
558:
506:Duchy of Gascony
445:as far south as
420:Béarnese dialect
376:Aire-sur-l'Adour
284:Gallia Aquitania
239:Aquitania Tertia
234:Gallia Aquitania
189:
188:
177:
176:
168:Gallia Aquitania
164:
163:
157:
156:
141:
140:
68:
37:
30:
29:
21:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1823:
1822:
1819:
1814:
1766:
1743:
1720:
1696:Augustamnica II
1662:
1569:
1481:
1419:Diocese of Asia
1413:
1366:
1355:
1341:Macedonia Prima
1307:
1269:
1245:Noricum ripense
1217:
1206:
1180:
1137:
1090:
1023:
1012:
974:
926:
892:Alpes Maritimae
878:
864:Lugdunensis III
821:Diocese of Gaul
811:
800:
799:(395–476)
782:
749:established by
733:
722:
716:
686:
685:
678:
662:
658:
651:
635:
631:
624:
608:
604:
594:
592:
587:
586:
582:
575:
559:
555:
550:
542:Basque language
518:
487:Basque-language
300:
248:
186:
161:
120:
110:
69:
59:3rd century–626
38:
33:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1876:
1866:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1805:
1798:
1792:
1782:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1748:
1745:
1744:
1734:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1706:Libya Inferior
1703:
1701:Libya Superior
1698:
1693:
1691:Augustamnica I
1688:
1683:
1678:
1672:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1579:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1491:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1447:Lycaonia (370)
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1423:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1378:
1369:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1317:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1288:Dacia Ripensis
1285:
1279:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1231:
1229:
1220:
1208:
1207:
1194:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1147:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1111:
1106:
1100:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1089:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1037:
1035:
1026:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
984:
982:
976:
975:
973:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
950:Carthaginensis
947:
942:
936:
934:
928:
927:
925:
924:
919:
917:Novempopulania
914:
912:Narbonensis II
909:
904:
899:
894:
888:
886:
880:
879:
877:
876:
871:
869:Lugdunensis IV
866:
861:
859:Lugdunensis II
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
825:
823:
814:
802:
801:
788:
787:
784:
783:
738:
735:
734:
724:
723:
715:
714:
707:
700:
692:
684:
683:
676:
656:
649:
629:
622:
602:
580:
573:
552:
551:
549:
546:
545:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
517:
514:
475:Spanoguasconia
299:
298:Late antiquity
296:
247:
244:
222:Novempopulania
209:
208:
203:
199:
198:
195:
194:
191:
190:
183:
174:
171:
170:
165:
153:
152:
147:
137:
136:
133:
132:
129:
128:
125:
124:
121:
118:
115:
114:
111:
108:
105:
104:
101:
100:
95:
94:Historical era
91:
90:
87:
86:
76:
72:
71:
61:
60:
56:
55:
45:
44:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1875:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1821:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1739:
1735:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1628:Palaestina II
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1535:Cappadocia II
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1505:Armenia Maior
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1362:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1195:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1104:Alpes Cottiae
1102:
1101:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1019:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
985:
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970:Tarraconensis
968:
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907:Narbonensis I
905:
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902:Aquitanica II
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854:Lugdunensis I
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827:
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763:Constantine I
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274:Julius Caesar
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270:Bay of Biscay
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36:
31:
19:
18:Novempopulana
1820:
1762:Spania (552)
1623:Palaestina I
1603:Euphratensis
1550:Helenopontus
1530:Cappadocia I
1437:Hellespontus
1336:Epirus Vetus
1303:Praevalitana
1218:of Illyricum
1008:Valentia (?)
993:Britannia II
916:
897:Aquitanica I
775:theme system
740:
668:
665:
659:
641:
638:
632:
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611:
605:
593:. Retrieved
583:
565:
562:
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474:
470:
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459:
438:
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424:proto-Basque
411:
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335:
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308:
301:
288:Celtiberians
277:
251:
249:
238:
237:
221:
220:
150:Succeeded by
149:
144:
34:
1809:Justinian I
1681:Aegyptus II
1613:Mesopotamia
1560:Paphlagonia
1389:Haemimontus
1367:of the East
1331:Epirus Nova
1255:Pannonia II
988:Britannia I
849:Germania II
145:Preceded by
113:3rd century
1827:Categories
1786:reconquest
1676:Aegyptus I
1638:Phoenice I
1593:Cilicia II
1500:Armenia II
1250:Pannonia I
922:Viennensis
844:Germania I
839:Belgica II
779:Asia Minor
751:Diocletian
595:2010-10-11
548:References
412:Illiberris
230:Diocletian
1588:Cilicia I
1540:Galatia I
1495:Armenia I
1462:Pamphylia
1394:Moesia II
1351:Thessalia
1128:Raetia II
960:Lusitania
955:Gallaecia
945:Balearica
834:Belgica I
471:Guasconia
439:foederati
435:Visigoths
356:Couserans
352:Comminges
321:Hasparren
253:Aquitania
98:Antiquity
1555:Honorias
1525:Bithynia
1298:Moesia I
1293:Dardania
1235:Dalmatia
1156:Byzacena
1123:Raetia I
1071:Sardinia
1046:Campania
1024:of Italy
747:dioceses
522:Aquitani
516:See also
508:and the
494:bagaudae
483:Vascones
467:Wasconia
463:Vascones
447:Toulouse
431:Honorius
426:theory.
408:Pyrenees
348:Lectoure
331:origin.
319:town of
292:Augustus
268:and the
266:Pyrenees
258:Aquitani
181:Vasconia
49:Province
1863:Gascony
1752:Taurica
1686:Arcadia
1648:Syria I
1618:Osroene
1608:Isauria
1467:Pisidia
1442:Islands
1409:Thracia
1404:Scythia
1399:Rhodope
1118:Aemilia
1114:Liguria
1086:Valeria
1076:Sicilia
1066:Samnium
1051:Corsica
940:Baetica
812:of Gaul
767:Ravenna
732:History
532:Gascony
502:Basques
443:Garonne
336:civitas
329:Gaulish
276:in his
262:Garonne
75:Capital
1804:in 536
1598:Cyprus
1583:Arabia
1384:Europa
1321:Achaea
771:Africa
674:
647:
620:
571:
455:Franks
416:Gascon
410:(e.g.
388:Oloron
384:Tarbes
372:Lescar
317:Basque
264:, the
206:France
41:Basque
1457:Lydia
1452:Lycia
1432:Caria
1326:Creta
1260:Savia
400:Eauze
396:Elusa
392:Eauze
380:Bazas
368:Béarn
313:pagus
305:Gauls
226:Latin
83:Eauze
79:Elusa
1427:Asia
769:and
672:ISBN
645:ISBN
618:ISBN
569:ISBN
364:Born
362:and
360:Buch
340:Auch
282:for
1116:et
437:as
370:or
344:Dax
323:.
123:626
51:of
1829::
755:c.
753:,
512:.
469:,
465:,
457:.
394:.
390:,
386:,
382:,
378:,
374:,
366:,
358:,
354:,
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346:,
342:,
242:.
711:e
704:t
697:v
680:.
653:.
626:.
598:.
577:.
398:(
224:(
85:)
81:(
43:)
20:)
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