471:"Regulatory impact analysis of the law on business" is probably illogical or at least incomprehensible to all who are not familiar with the term "regulatory impact analysis". Such people understand the preposition "on" as belonging to the expression "law on business" (to which it grammatically belongs) or parse it as an incorrect preposition with "analysis" and do not recognize it as a feeble and grammatically incorrect attempt to refer back to the word "impact". Since the phrase "regulatory impact analysis" is standard in usage, changing it to "analysis of (the) regulatory impact" would look strange to experts even though putting the preposition "on" after it would not cause any problems: "analysis of the regulatory impact of the law on business". A possible solution that does not annoy experts or confuse non-experts is "regulatory impact analysis of the law's effects on business".
367:
212:
121:
345:" is heard more often in spa treatments. Although "spine cord" is not an idiomatic alternative to "spinal cord", in other cases, the options are arbitrarily interchangeable with negligible idiomatic difference; thus "spine injury" and "spinal injury" coexist and are equivalent from any practical viewpoint, as are "
137:(e.g. "chemicals' agency", "writers' conference", "Rangers' hockey game"), but they are now often written without the apostrophe, although decisions on when to do so require editorial judgment. There are morphologic restrictions on the classes of adjunct that can be plural and nonpossessive; irregular plurals are
483:—although not rare—much less common than use of attributive/prepositive position. This restrictive tendency is even stronger regarding noun adjuncts; examples of postpositive noun adjuncts are rare in English, except in certain established uses such as names of lakes or operations, for example
185:
Noun adjuncts can also be strung together in a longer sequence preceding the final noun, with each added noun modifying the noun which follows it, in effect creating a multiple-word noun adjunct which modifies the following noun (e.g. "chicken soup bowl", in which "chicken" modifies "soup" and
320:
that there is often more than one way to say something. Any logically valid option will usually find some currency in natural usage. Thus "erythrocyte maturation" and "erythrocytic maturation" can both be heard, the first using a noun adjunct and the second using an adjectival
132:
Noun adjuncts were traditionally mostly singular (e.g. "trouser press") except when there were lexical restrictions (e.g. "arms race"), but there is a recent trend towards more use of plural ones. Many of these can also be or were originally interpreted and spelled as plural
186:"chicken soup" modifies "bowl"). There is no theoretical limit to the number of noun adjuncts which can be added before a noun, and very long constructions are occasionally seen, for example "Dawlish pub car park cliff plunge man rescued", in which "pub", "
190:", "cliff", and "plunge" are all noun adjuncts. They could each be removed successively (starting at the beginning of the sentence) without changing the grammar of the sentence. This type of construction is not uncommon in
492:
1241:
579:
168:
may be treated as possessives and given an apostrophe or as adjectival nouns without one. The former is perhaps better, as to conform to what is inevitable in the singular –
491:. Relatedly, in English when an institution is named in honor of a person, the person's name is idiomatically in prepositive position (for example, the NICHD is the
495:), whereas various other languages tend to put it in postpositive position (sometimes in quotation marks); their pattern would translate overliterally as
678:
587:
479:
The
English language is restrictive in its use of postpositive position for adjectival units (words or phrases), making English use of
353:": the first typically means "an examination made visually", whereas the latter means "an examination of the patient's vision".
439:
284:
411:
256:
458:
303:
418:
396:
263:
241:
671:
145:
141:
as nonpossessive adjuncts (for example, "men clothing" or "women magazine" sounds improper to fluent speakers).
1513:
392:
237:
425:
270:
1331:
534:
388:
233:
1323:
1023:
842:
739:
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407:
252:
709:
104:
333:" is more commonly used than "cellular cycle". In some cases, each form tends to adhere to a certain
1433:
933:
377:
222:
1245:
754:
381:
226:
125:
1008:
1539:
1379:
1206:
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349:" and "meniscal transplant". A special case in medical usage is "visual examination" versus "
92:
95:(i.e., an adjective used as a noun) as a term that contrasts the noun adjunct process, e.g.
1455:
1389:
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8:
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948:
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873:
634:
609:
555:"Bartleby.com: Great Books Online -- Quotes, Poems, Novels, Classics and hundreds more"
350:
75:
is spelled in one or two parts. "Field" is a noun adjunct in both "field player" and "
1359:
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1183:
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68:
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National
Institute of Child Health and Human Development "Eunice Kennedy Shriver"
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Eunice
Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
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1211:
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72:
1501:
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1300:
1033:
998:
973:
928:
484:
326:
71:"chicken" modifies the noun "soup". It is irrelevant whether the resulting
554:
1158:
968:
847:
808:
773:
764:
342:
64:
1518:
1417:
1374:
1351:
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1013:
983:
978:
832:
827:
734:
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523:
334:
330:
322:
191:
134:
76:
63:, it is, more specifically, a noun functioning as a pre-modifier in a
1508:
1470:
1250:
1067:
822:
768:
744:
508:
91:
term was formerly synonymous with noun adjunct but now usually means
60:
366:
211:
1497:
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195:
187:
138:
1482:
1198:
803:
719:
20:
1460:
1145:
837:
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518:
783:
696:
202:
Use when an adjectivally inflected alternative is available
120:
52:
16:
Grammatical construct in which a noun modifies another noun
686:
356:
325:. In some cases one of the equivalent forms has greater
67:. For example, in the phrase "chicken soup" the noun
128:, in which the noun modifier "railway" is singular
1531:
635:"Dawlish pub car park cliff plunge man rescued"
672:
474:
149:states in the section "Possessive Puzzles":
395:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
240:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
679:
665:
194:, the condensed grammar used in newspaper
59:another noun; functioning similarly to an
459:Learn how and when to remove this message
304:Learn how and when to remove this message
119:
1532:
660:
357:Using prepositions after such phrases
341:" is the normal term in hockey, and "
115:
393:adding citations to reliable sources
360:
238:adding citations to reliable sources
205:
82:
13:
14:
1551:
365:
210:
180:
627:
602:
580:"Possessives and Attributives"
572:
547:
1:
540:
535:Apostrophe Protection Society
531:, an adjective used as a noun
146:Fowler's Modern English Usage
7:
502:
10:
1556:
1514:Syntax–semantics interface
475:Postpositive noun adjuncts
110:
99:meaning "Irish people" or
1426:
1388:
1350:
1322:
1197:
1144:
1066:
856:
791:
782:
695:
107:are a different concept.
105:Japanese adjectival nouns
934:Exceptional case-marking
584:chicagomanualofstyle.org
154:Five years' imprisonment
481:postpositive adjectives
126:European Railway Agency
103:meaning "poor people".
740:Initial-stress-derived
489:Operation Desert Storm
178:
129:
1251:Inclusive / Exclusive
529:Nominalized adjective
174:a fortnight's holiday
170:a year's imprisonment
151:
123:
93:nominalized adjective
389:improve this section
234:improve this section
158:Three weeks' holiday
1131:Relative subsective
1024:Regular / Irregular
869:Andative / Venitive
705:Abstract / Concrete
347:meniscus transplant
690:and their features
688:Lexical categories
590:on 7 November 2017
351:vision examination
130:
116:Singular vs plural
1527:
1526:
1332:Casally modulated
1237:Formal / Informal
1126:Pure intersective
1076:Anti-intersective
1062:
1061:
1009:Preterite-present
641:. 2 February 2014
469:
468:
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443:
316:It is a trait of
314:
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288:
1547:
1106:Non-intersective
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650:
648:
646:
631:
625:
624:
622:
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610:"Compound Words"
606:
600:
599:
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595:
586:. Archived from
576:
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567:
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551:
514:Attributive verb
464:
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401:
369:
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318:natural language
309:
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206:
124:Old logo of the
83:Related concepts
29:attributive noun
1555:
1554:
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1549:
1548:
1546:
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1544:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1523:
1422:
1384:
1346:
1318:
1246:Gender-specific
1193:
1140:
1058:
944:Germanic strong
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778:
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628:
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89:adjectival noun
85:
51:is an optional
33:qualifying noun
17:
12:
11:
5:
1553:
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1524:
1522:
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1490:
1488:Procedure word
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1446:Complementizer
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1253:
1248:
1242:Gender-neutral
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1207:Bound variable
1203:
1201:
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926:
921:
916:
911:
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901:
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876:
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864:Ambitransitive
860:
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626:
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476:
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408:"Noun adjunct"
373:
371:
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312:
311:
253:"Noun adjunct"
218:
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117:
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109:
84:
81:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1552:
1541:
1540:Nouns by type
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1409:
1406:
1404:
1403:Interrogative
1401:
1399:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1370:Interrogative
1368:
1366:
1365:Demonstrative
1363:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1314:Prepositional
1311:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1301:Strong / Weak
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1266:Interrogative
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1212:Demonstrative
1210:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1179:Prepositional
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1169:Interrogative
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1091:Demonstrative
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
949:Germanic weak
947:
945:
942:
940:
939:Frequentative
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
879:Autocausative
877:
875:
874:Anticausative
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
861:
859:
855:
849:
846:
844:
843:Transgressive
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
796:
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790:
787:
785:
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772:
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766:
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761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
702:
700:
698:
694:
689:
682:
677:
675:
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668:
663:
662:
659:
640:
636:
630:
615:
611:
605:
589:
585:
581:
575:
560:
556:
550:
546:
536:
533:
530:
527:
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522:
520:
517:
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512:
510:
507:
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494:
490:
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482:
472:
463:
460:
452:
441:
438:
434:
431:
427:
424:
420:
417:
413:
410: –
409:
405:
404:Find sources:
398:
394:
390:
384:
383:
379:
374:This section
372:
368:
363:
362:
354:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
319:
308:
305:
297:
286:
283:
279:
276:
272:
269:
265:
262:
258:
255: –
254:
250:
249:Find sources:
243:
239:
235:
229:
228:
224:
219:This section
217:
213:
208:
207:
199:
197:
193:
189:
181:Recursive use
177:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
150:
148:
147:
142:
140:
136:
127:
122:
108:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
80:
78:
74:
73:compound noun
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
49:apposite noun
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
1502:Pro-sentence
1476:Onomatopoeia
1466:Interjection
1439:Measure word
1222:Distributive
1116:Postpositive
1096:Intersective
1049:Unaccusative
994:Performative
964:Intransitive
924:Ditransitive
750:Noun adjunct
749:
643:. Retrieved
638:
629:
617:. Retrieved
613:
604:
592:. Retrieved
588:the original
583:
574:
562:. Retrieved
559:bartleby.com
558:
549:
496:
485:Lake Ontario
478:
470:
455:
449:October 2018
446:
436:
429:
422:
415:
403:
387:Please help
375:
327:idiomaticity
315:
300:
291:
281:
274:
267:
260:
248:
232:Please help
220:
184:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
152:
144:
143:
131:
100:
96:
88:
86:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
25:noun adjunct
24:
18:
1451:Conjunction
1217:Disjunctive
1154:Conjunctive
1101:Nominalized
1004:Predicative
848:Verbal noun
799:Attributive
614:commnet.edu
343:facial mask
135:possessives
65:noun phrase
1519:Yes and no
1434:Classifier
1418:Possessive
1380:Quantifier
1375:Possessive
1352:Determiner
1324:Adposition
1296:Resumptive
1281:Reciprocal
1276:Possessive
1256:Indefinite
1184:Pronominal
1136:Subsective
1111:Possessive
1081:Collateral
1054:Unergative
1044:Transitive
959:Inchoative
954:Impersonal
894:Catenative
833:Participle
828:Infinitive
760:Relational
730:Collective
710:Adjectival
541:References
524:Participle
419:newspapers
331:cell cycle
323:inflection
264:newspapers
192:headlinese
139:solecistic
77:fieldhouse
1509:Prop-word
1471:Ideophone
1398:Discourse
1337:Inflected
1286:Reflexive
1261:Intensive
1068:Adjective
1039:Stretched
1029:Separable
1019:Reflexive
914:Denominal
909:Defective
889:Captative
884:Auxiliary
823:Gerundive
813:Nonfinite
735:Countable
639:bbc.co.uk
509:Adjective
376:does not
339:face mask
329:; thus "
221:does not
196:headlines
97:the Irish
61:adjective
1534:Category
1498:Pro-verb
1493:Pro-form
1390:Particle
1342:Stranded
1291:Relative
1271:Personal
1189:Relative
1174:Locative
1164:Genitive
989:Negative
919:Deponent
899:Compound
645:17 April
619:17 April
594:17 April
564:17 April
503:See also
337:; thus "
294:May 2023
188:car park
101:the poor
57:modifies
45:modifier
1483:Preverb
1360:Article
1306:Subject
1199:Pronoun
1034:Stative
999:Phrasal
974:Lexical
929:Dynamic
904:Copular
804:Converb
720:Animacy
433:scholar
397:removed
382:sources
278:scholar
242:removed
227:sources
160:, etc.
111:English
69:adjunct
21:grammar
1461:Coverb
1456:Copula
1310:Object
1227:Donkey
1146:Adverb
1121:Proper
1086:Common
969:Labile
838:Supine
818:Gerund
809:Finite
774:Verbal
765:Strong
755:Proper
519:Gerund
435:
428:
421:
414:
406:
280:
273:
266:
259:
251:
1427:Other
1408:Modal
1232:Dummy
984:Modal
979:Light
857:Types
792:Forms
715:Agent
440:JSTOR
426:books
335:sense
285:JSTOR
271:books
166:weeks
162:Years
55:that
47:, or
1413:Noun
1159:Flat
1014:Pure
784:Verb
769:Weak
745:Mass
725:Bare
697:Noun
647:2015
621:2015
596:2015
566:2015
487:and
412:news
380:any
378:cite
257:news
225:any
223:cite
164:and
87:The
53:noun
37:noun
23:, a
391:by
236:by
79:".
41:pre
19:In
1536::
1500:/
1312:/
1308:/
1244:/
811:/
767:/
637:.
612:.
582:.
557:.
499:.
198:.
172:,
156:,
35:,
31:,
27:,
680:e
673:t
666:v
649:.
623:.
598:.
568:.
462:)
456:(
451:)
447:(
437:·
430:·
423:·
416:·
399:.
385:.
307:)
301:(
296:)
292:(
282:·
275:·
268:·
261:·
244:.
230:.
176:.
43:)
39:(
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