811:
396:
835:
787:
38:
823:
853:
90:
62:
55:
83:
475:
1216:
799:
1446:
864:, which has largely obstructed comprehensive excavation. Before the urbanization of the 20th century occurred, select ruins of the Roman-era city could be seen, most prominently sections of the Roman defensive walls which surrounded the city and multiple aqueducts which once supplied Nicomedia's water. Other monuments include the foundations of a 2nd-century AD marble
461:
The destruction of the
Nicomedia church incited panic in the city, and at the end of the month a fire destroyed part of Diocletian's palace, followed 16 days later by another fire. Although an investigation was made into the cause of the fires, no party was officially charged, but Galerius placed the
664:
on an unfinished aqueduct which twice ran into engineering troubles. Trajan instructs him to take steps to complete the aqueduct, and to investigate possible official corruption behind the large waste of money. Under Trajan, there was also a large Roman garrison. Other public amenities included a
886:
In the years after the earthquake, the Izmit
Provincial Cultural Directorate appropriated small areas for excavation, including the site identified as Diocletian's Palace and a nearby Roman theatre. In April 2016 a more extensive excavation of the palace was begun under the supervision of the
645:
During the Empire, Nicomedia was a cosmopolitan and commercially prosperous city which received all the amenities appropriate for a major Roman city. Nicomedia was well known for having a bountiful water supply from two to three aqueducts, one of which was built in
458:, Diocletian ordered that the newly built church at Nicomedia be razed, its scriptures burnt, and its precious stones seized. The next day he issued his "First Edict Against the Christians," which ordered similar measures to be taken at churches across the Empire.
466:, who he claimed conspired with the Christians to start the fire, followed by six more executions through the end of April 303. Soon after Galerius declared Nicomedia to be unsafe and ostentatiously departed the city for Rome, followed soon after by Diocletian.
522:) the new capital. Constantine died in a royal villa in the vicinity of Nicomedia in 337. Owing to its position at the convergence of the Asiatic roads leading to the new capital, Nicomedia retained its importance even after the foundation of Constantinople.
529:, however, on 24 August 358, caused extensive devastation to Nicomedia, and was followed by a fire which completed the catastrophe. Nicomedia was rebuilt, but on a smaller scale. In the sixth century under Emperor
628:
agreed to evacuate
Nicomedia in exchange for de Loos and other prisoners Emperor Theodore held. The city remained in Byzantine control for over a century after that, but following the Byzantine defeat at the
533:
the city was extended with new public buildings. Situated on the roads leading to the capital, the city remained a major military center, playing an important role in the
Byzantine campaigns against the
875:, which seriously damaged most of the city, also led to major discoveries of ancient Nicomedia during the subsequent debris clearing. A wealth of ancient statuary was uncovered, including statues of
423:
to Trajan during his tenure as governor of
Bithynia. Pliny, in his letters, mentions several public buildings of the city such as a senate-house, an aqueduct, a forum, a temple of
563:
established his court there for a time, when plague broke out in
Constantinople and drove him from his capital in 746–47. From the 840s on, Nicomedia was the capital of the
7642:
1290:
David Turner, The
Politics of Despair: The Plague of 746–747 and Iconoclasm in the Byzantine Empire, The Annual of the British School at Athens, Vol. 85 (1990), p. 428
1489:
7657:
810:
691:, but when Diocletian made the city his capital in 283 AD he undertook grand restorations and built an enormous palace, an armory, mint, and new shipyards.
672:, which stood in a sacred precinct on a hill above the harbor. The city adopted official cults of Rome avidly, there were temples dedicated to the Emperor
834:
7662:
617:
made it his base, converting the church of Saint Sophia into a fortress; however, the
Crusader stronghold was subjected to constant raids by the
966:
486:
system, showing the dioceses and the four tetrarchs' zones of influence. Nicomedia was the eastern and most senior capital city, chosen by
514:) in 324. Constantine mainly resided in Nicomedia as his interim capital city for the next six years, until in 330 he declared the nearby
395:
1482:
786:
7682:
1427:
1406:
7712:
7672:
550:
139:
579:
as lying in ruins, with settlement restricted to the hilltop citadel. In the 1080s, the city served as the main military base for
1460:
1226:
399:
This section of a belt depicting medallions honoring
Constantius II and Faustina was minted in Nicomedia. The Walters Art Museum.
7677:
1475:
7692:
1498:
1252:
1200:
1077:
7647:
37:
526:
7697:
1033:
1008:
822:
709:(c. 86/89 – c. after 146/160), Greek historian, civil servant, military commander and philosopher of the Roman period
82:
2224:
637:. The city was twice besieged and blockaded by the Ottomans (in 1304 and 1330) before finally succumbing in 1337.
7637:
54:
372:
in 264 BC under the name of
Nicomedia, and has ever since been one of the most important cities in northwestern
5587:
1187:
603:
7707:
7702:
4296:
2619:
1455:
1221:
575:. By that time, most of the old, seawards city had been abandoned and is described by the Persian geographer
7446:
6072:
3527:
947:
7717:
7436:
6280:
900:
7652:
4882:
4654:
3850:
565:
538:. From inscriptions we learn that in the later period of the empire Nicomedia enjoyed the honour of a
7722:
7687:
7667:
5342:
5272:
1299:
17:
7336:
7001:
4055:
2794:
2564:
1789:
941:
754:
748:
444:
970:
872:
852:
7341:
6545:
6460:
4611:
4130:
3802:
3787:
3392:
3234:
1754:
1639:
1192:
937:
868:
on İstanbul street, a large cistern in the city's Jewish cemetery, and parts of the harbor wall.
546:
498:
Nicomedia remained as the eastern (and most senior) capital of the Roman Empire until co-emperor
369:
7576:
7056:
6375:
5312:
4782:
4386:
3732:
3214:
1724:
1140:
1053:
357:
7466:
7116:
6560:
6525:
6475:
6195:
5317:
3965:
2719:
2614:
2454:
1769:
1242:
736:
555:
507:
503:
455:
267:
259:
7516:
1132:
7166:
6595:
6520:
6455:
6330:
6180:
5957:
5592:
5582:
5162:
5087:
4877:
4867:
4817:
4777:
4190:
4180:
4165:
4095:
3692:
3682:
3617:
3452:
3352:
2979:
2844:
2729:
1739:
1694:
1000:
993:
742:
3815:
8:
7581:
7546:
7461:
7456:
7426:
7326:
7261:
7011:
6951:
6500:
6390:
6175:
6027:
5842:
5742:
5497:
5277:
5097:
4712:
4697:
4451:
4266:
3742:
3642:
3627:
3547:
3542:
3442:
3049:
3044:
2779:
2559:
2034:
2029:
1604:
1519:
730:
621:
318:
3557:
7611:
7496:
7471:
7091:
6931:
6825:
6755:
6165:
5822:
5787:
5447:
5167:
5147:
5037:
4847:
4837:
4732:
4707:
4361:
4230:
3607:
3412:
2804:
2544:
2529:
2354:
2194:
1854:
1659:
647:
624:, during which de Loos was captured by Nicaean soldiers; by the summer of 1207 Emperor
580:
263:
4291:
3975:
7431:
7321:
7186:
7066:
6961:
6856:
6830:
6760:
6730:
6265:
6240:
6200:
6170:
6155:
6120:
5977:
5677:
5597:
5472:
5282:
5107:
5067:
5032:
5022:
5002:
4947:
4762:
4737:
4717:
4461:
4436:
4356:
4251:
4155:
4135:
4100:
3762:
3687:
3477:
3437:
3382:
3009:
2974:
2724:
2694:
2474:
2199:
2019:
1664:
1654:
1248:
1196:
1133:
1099:
1094:
1029:
1004:
763:(1017 or 1078 – c. 1078 or 1096) Greek writer, philosopher, politician, and historian
652:
630:
625:
618:
420:
416:
7556:
7591:
7541:
6956:
6846:
6835:
6805:
6680:
6620:
6485:
6345:
5862:
5832:
5532:
5382:
5357:
5222:
5182:
5172:
5142:
5117:
5007:
4987:
4982:
4747:
4634:
4596:
4406:
4010:
3915:
3537:
3367:
3342:
3332:
3307:
3284:
3164:
2909:
2904:
2789:
2759:
2704:
2589:
2574:
2414:
2274:
2209:
2204:
2099:
1969:
1944:
1764:
1714:
1669:
1644:
921:
917:
891:, which estimated that the site covers 60,000 square meters (196,850 square feet).
772:
766:
681:
431:
made it the eastern capital city of the Roman Empire in 286 when he introduced the
324:
302:
298:
178:
127:
6851:
7632:
7241:
7221:
7176:
7171:
7096:
7071:
6966:
6901:
6840:
6810:
6740:
6625:
6550:
6515:
6410:
6290:
6285:
6270:
6220:
6105:
6100:
6090:
5952:
5927:
5912:
5737:
5477:
5377:
5292:
5192:
5152:
5102:
5042:
4992:
4977:
4807:
4536:
4286:
4281:
4115:
3990:
3910:
3860:
3772:
3264:
3029:
2969:
2934:
2889:
2854:
2764:
2669:
2479:
2379:
1959:
1719:
1674:
760:
724:
614:
7511:
1467:
427:, and others, and speaks of a great fire, during which the place suffered much.
7476:
7296:
7286:
7251:
7111:
7026:
6615:
6555:
6535:
6450:
5752:
5747:
5727:
5687:
5642:
5607:
5557:
5442:
5402:
5287:
5262:
5187:
5082:
5052:
4937:
4852:
4832:
4827:
4787:
4727:
4684:
4556:
3632:
3467:
3422:
3322:
3209:
3169:
3094:
3074:
3034:
2954:
2949:
2504:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2389:
2334:
2164:
2139:
2064:
1869:
1849:
1699:
1574:
1554:
929:
925:
888:
860:
The ruins of Nicomedia are buried beneath the densely populated modern city of
776:
634:
607:
592:
576:
519:
448:
290:
279:
236:
220:
7486:
6971:
6660:
559:
among the metropolises of the patriarchate. In the eighth century the Emperor
380:
came to Nicomedia in his final years and committed suicide in nearby Libyssa (
7626:
7306:
7201:
6820:
6815:
6770:
6720:
6605:
6395:
6365:
6300:
5847:
5482:
5307:
5267:
4972:
4887:
4872:
4772:
4752:
4110:
3810:
3662:
3512:
3357:
3274:
3174:
3084:
3024:
2984:
2699:
2599:
2554:
2489:
2324:
2229:
2189:
2174:
2024:
1989:
1759:
1704:
1614:
1559:
1524:
1506:
1450:
840:
718:
588:
560:
274:
and became the sole emperor. In 330 Constantine chose for himself the nearby
154:
141:
7311:
7266:
7216:
7006:
6941:
6635:
6470:
6370:
6150:
5997:
5877:
5707:
5572:
5387:
5197:
5057:
4897:
4561:
4466:
4145:
4065:
4000:
3940:
3935:
3677:
3372:
3292:
3219:
3204:
3104:
2989:
2734:
2679:
2214:
933:
712:
599:
584:
539:
511:
479:
412:
244:
243:. In 286, Nicomedia became the eastern and most senior capital city of the
4619:
4391:
3830:
7366:
7196:
7121:
7041:
7031:
6891:
6645:
6380:
6335:
6185:
5882:
5517:
5372:
5347:
4722:
4591:
4471:
4426:
4170:
3970:
3905:
3885:
3657:
3552:
3327:
3259:
3119:
2919:
2774:
2709:
2584:
2424:
2269:
1999:
1874:
1804:
1649:
1544:
1049:
798:
769:(c. 1260 – c. 1305) Greek scholar, anthologist, translator and grammarian
530:
381:
7416:
6340:
1449: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
665:
theatre, a colonnaded street typical of Hellenistic cities and a forum.
7586:
7501:
7481:
7386:
7346:
7291:
7206:
7146:
7076:
6896:
6881:
6876:
6866:
6725:
6600:
6430:
6320:
6002:
5947:
5897:
5892:
5827:
5802:
5792:
5782:
5772:
5767:
5717:
5697:
5662:
5617:
5567:
5547:
5507:
5367:
5242:
5232:
5047:
4952:
4932:
4812:
4644:
4629:
4456:
4326:
4220:
4175:
4085:
4020:
3890:
3697:
3597:
3572:
3149:
3109:
3039:
3014:
2929:
2604:
2509:
2369:
2329:
2294:
2219:
2004:
1924:
700:
487:
428:
404:
373:
365:
294:
248:
6745:
4235:
757:(d. 845), bishop, recognized as a Saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church
251:
who ruled in the east), a status which the city maintained during the
7561:
7526:
7421:
7371:
7351:
7331:
7316:
7301:
7156:
7151:
7126:
7106:
6996:
6946:
6916:
6795:
6700:
6675:
6655:
6640:
6580:
6565:
6480:
6360:
6225:
6205:
6145:
6125:
6085:
6080:
5972:
5917:
5872:
5797:
5777:
5722:
5712:
5667:
5632:
5612:
5577:
5552:
5537:
5527:
5512:
5437:
5432:
5422:
5362:
5302:
5297:
5212:
5202:
5157:
5027:
5017:
4962:
4927:
4862:
4566:
4541:
4516:
4441:
4346:
4276:
4256:
4246:
4075:
4070:
4040:
4015:
4005:
3985:
3960:
3880:
3855:
3835:
3825:
3752:
3727:
3707:
3302:
3244:
3194:
3189:
3159:
3154:
3114:
3099:
3054:
2914:
2839:
2689:
2659:
2609:
2514:
2429:
2259:
2179:
2159:
2049:
1984:
1914:
1824:
1684:
1634:
1549:
865:
661:
611:
571:
535:
515:
483:
432:
275:
252:
7566:
7551:
7406:
7396:
7376:
7361:
7191:
7141:
7136:
7081:
7046:
6981:
6936:
6715:
6705:
6690:
6665:
6495:
6490:
6420:
6350:
6315:
6305:
6295:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6215:
6140:
6130:
6095:
6057:
6042:
6036:
6012:
5982:
5967:
5942:
5922:
5887:
5852:
5812:
5762:
5682:
5622:
5542:
5522:
5492:
5487:
5417:
5412:
5337:
5322:
5257:
5247:
5132:
5127:
5092:
5077:
5012:
4967:
4942:
4917:
4892:
4767:
4702:
4639:
4581:
4501:
4476:
4411:
4381:
4376:
4341:
4331:
4316:
4301:
4261:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4185:
4080:
4045:
4035:
4030:
3950:
3925:
3920:
3900:
3875:
3722:
3712:
3667:
3652:
3522:
3492:
3487:
3457:
3397:
3377:
3297:
3269:
3239:
3229:
3184:
3059:
2999:
2959:
2859:
2834:
2814:
2784:
2739:
2484:
2439:
2419:
2374:
2359:
2344:
2339:
2254:
2249:
2234:
2169:
2154:
2144:
2134:
2124:
2114:
2094:
2044:
2039:
1979:
1974:
1964:
1949:
1934:
1929:
1904:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1844:
1829:
1814:
1794:
1734:
1709:
1689:
1679:
1609:
1584:
1569:
1539:
1529:
1514:
1269:
913:
876:
677:
673:
499:
451:
408:
377:
314:
283:
271:
6047:
1026:
The Hellenistic settlements in Europe, the islands, and Asia Minor
909:
861:
232:
123:
7596:
7571:
7536:
7531:
7491:
7411:
7246:
7231:
7086:
7061:
7051:
7021:
7016:
6986:
6976:
6921:
6861:
6800:
6790:
6785:
6750:
6710:
6695:
6670:
6650:
6630:
6540:
6465:
6445:
6440:
6415:
6355:
6325:
6310:
6275:
6190:
6160:
6110:
6017:
5937:
5907:
5902:
5867:
5837:
5817:
5702:
5652:
5562:
5502:
5467:
5452:
5407:
5397:
5332:
5252:
5237:
5217:
5137:
5122:
5112:
4997:
4957:
4922:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4857:
4797:
4692:
4669:
4664:
4551:
4531:
4521:
4506:
4486:
4371:
4321:
4241:
4195:
4160:
4125:
4120:
4090:
4025:
3995:
3980:
3945:
3870:
3845:
3820:
3792:
3782:
3777:
3767:
3747:
3737:
3647:
3602:
3587:
3532:
3517:
3502:
3482:
3472:
3462:
3432:
3427:
3417:
3402:
3387:
3347:
3224:
3179:
3144:
3134:
3129:
3079:
3004:
2994:
2899:
2894:
2879:
2864:
2849:
2809:
2799:
2754:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2624:
2569:
2549:
2519:
2494:
2449:
2444:
2399:
2364:
2309:
2264:
2184:
2129:
2119:
2104:
2084:
2074:
2059:
1909:
1899:
1819:
1809:
1784:
1774:
1729:
1624:
1599:
1594:
1564:
1534:
669:
474:
463:
462:
blame on the Christians. He oversaw the execution of two palace
7521:
7506:
7401:
7391:
7281:
7276:
7256:
7236:
7226:
7211:
7161:
6991:
6926:
6906:
6871:
6765:
6685:
6590:
6585:
6510:
6505:
6425:
6405:
6400:
6385:
6235:
6230:
6135:
6115:
6062:
6052:
6022:
6007:
5992:
5932:
5857:
5757:
5732:
5672:
5657:
5647:
5637:
5327:
5227:
5207:
5177:
5072:
4822:
4802:
4792:
4674:
4649:
4601:
4586:
4546:
4526:
4511:
4496:
4481:
4446:
4431:
4421:
4416:
4396:
4366:
4351:
4336:
4311:
4306:
4271:
4225:
4215:
4150:
4140:
4105:
3955:
3930:
3895:
3865:
3717:
3702:
3637:
3612:
3582:
3562:
3507:
3497:
3447:
3407:
3362:
3337:
3317:
3312:
3254:
3249:
3124:
3069:
3064:
3019:
2964:
2944:
2939:
2924:
2874:
2869:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2749:
2744:
2714:
2664:
2594:
2579:
2524:
2499:
2434:
2409:
2404:
2394:
2384:
2349:
2319:
2314:
2299:
2089:
2079:
2054:
2009:
1994:
1954:
1939:
1919:
1879:
1839:
1834:
1799:
1779:
1749:
1629:
1589:
1579:
905:
880:
706:
657:
424:
389:
240:
113:
301:. The Byzantines managed to retake it in the aftermath of the
202:
7606:
7601:
7381:
7181:
7131:
7101:
7036:
6886:
6780:
6775:
6735:
6570:
6530:
6260:
6210:
5987:
5962:
5807:
5462:
5457:
5427:
5392:
5352:
4842:
4757:
4659:
4576:
4571:
4491:
4401:
4060:
4050:
3840:
3672:
3622:
3592:
3577:
3567:
3199:
3089:
2884:
2769:
2684:
2629:
2539:
2534:
2304:
2289:
2279:
2244:
2239:
2149:
2109:
2069:
2014:
1864:
1859:
1744:
1619:
1428:"Ancient underground city in izmit excites archaeology world"
1407:"Ancient underground city in izmit excites archaeology world"
1050:"Belt Section with Medallions of Constantius II and Faustina"
688:
385:
7356:
7271:
6911:
6610:
6575:
6435:
6032:
5692:
5627:
5062:
4742:
3757:
3139:
2674:
2284:
660:, written in 110 AD, that the Nicomedians wasted 3,318,000
345:
339:
211:
208:
193:
4624:
330:
187:
1126:
1124:
1304:
Joinville and Villehardouin: Chronicles of the Crusades
447:
of Christians which occurred under Diocletian and his
1121:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1063:
348:
342:
333:
190:
184:
181:
932:
by the Byzantines in 1261. Earlier, the site of the
553:. The metropolis of Nicomedia was ranked 7th in the
336:
305:, but it fell definitively to the Ottomans in 1419.
205:
454:. On 23 February 303 AD, the pagan festival of the
327:
199:
196:
7643:Populated places established in the 3rd century BC
1060:
992:
1497:
1130:
1112:
967:""Nicomedia" in the American Heritage Dictionary"
7624:
694:
1075:
545:In 451, the local bishopric was promoted to a
5043:Chelae on the European coast of the Bosphorus
1483:
1360:
1345:
1330:
1272:. Εγκυκλοπαίδεια Μείζονος Ελληνισμού, Μ. Ασία
1135:The Roman Empire: From Severus to Constantine
1082:The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites
703:(c. 244 – 311), Roman emperor from 284 to 305
676:, a sacred precinct of the city dedicated to
7658:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey
668:The major religious shrine was a temple of
5038:Chelae on the Asian coast of the Bosphorus
1490:
1476:
1454:
1220:
990:
650:times. Pliny the Younger complains in his
286:) as the new capital of the Roman Empire.
36:
1306:(London: Penguin, 1963), pp. 147, 154–156
633:in 1302, it was threatened by the rising
551:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
7663:Populated places of the Byzantine Empire
851:
473:
394:
1461:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography
1390:
1375:
1270:"Diocese of Nicomedia (Ottoman Period)"
1240:
1227:Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography
1184:
856:Ruins of a Nicomedian aqueduct in İzmit
364:, 'lobster'). After being destroyed by
14:
7625:
1180:
1178:
1176:
438:
42:French illustration of Nicomedia, 1882
1471:
1267:
1023:
687:The city was sacked in AD 253 by the
407:and capital of the Roman province of
1315:
920:capital city between 1204 and 1261 (
684:dedicated during the late-Republic.
7467:Antioch in Mesopotamia (Constantia)
5588:Neapolis on the Thracian Chersonese
1173:
443:Nicomedia was at the center of the
317:colony and was originally known as
289:The city was incorporated into the
24:
1247:. Wildside Press LLC. p. 79.
999:. Harmondsworth] Penguin. p.
739:(d. 303 or 311-12), bishop, martyr
313:It was founded in 712–711 BC as a
25:
7734:
7683:Former populated places in Turkey
1458:, ed. (1854–1857). "Nicomedeia".
1430:. Hürriyet Daily News. 2016-03-04
1409:. Hürriyet Daily News. 2016-03-04
1224:, ed. (1854–1857). "Nicomedeia".
1170:See Ammianus Marcellinus 17.7.1–8
640:
598:The city was briefly held by the
415:. It is referenced repeatedly in
89:
61:
7713:Hellenistic colonies in Anatolia
7673:Roman towns and cities in Turkey
1444:
1214:
1185:Kazhdan, Alexander, ed. (1991),
928:in 1204, until the recapture of
833:
821:
809:
797:
785:
323:
177:
88:
81:
60:
53:
1420:
1399:
1384:
1369:
1354:
1339:
1324:
1309:
1302:, translated by M. R. B. Shaw,
1293:
1284:
1261:
1234:
1208:
1164:
469:
376:. The great military commander
4297:Metropolis in northern Phrygia
2620:Metropolis in southern Phrygia
1188:Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
1147:
1106:
1088:
1042:
1017:
984:
959:
883:, Diocletian and Constantine.
595:Crusades both encamped there.
549:under the jurisdiction of the
13:
1:
7678:History of Turkey by location
1499:Ancient settlements in Turkey
1084:. Princeton University Press.
953:
751:(d. 303), bishop, Hieromartyr
695:Notable natives and residents
583:in his campaigns against the
258:The Tetrarchy ended with the
7693:Populated places in Bithynia
3528:Hadrianopolis in Paphlagonia
995:Guide to Greece By Pausanias
948:List of ancient Greek cities
912:, another important city in
239:city located in what is now
7:
7437:Zephyrium on the Calycadnus
6281:Bab al-Hawa Border Crossing
2795:Panormus near Halicarnassus
1244:The Ecumenical Patriarchate
1241:Kiminas, Demetrius (2009).
901:20,000 Martyrs of Nicomedia
894:
293:with the victory of Sultan
10:
7739:
7648:Greek colonies in Bithynia
4783:Apollonia on the Rhyndacus
1335:. p. 10.37 & .38.
1157:(Paris, 1839); V. Cuenet,
1131:Patricia Southern (2001).
1115:Constantine & Eusebius
1113:Timothy D. Barnes (1981).
847:
610:in 1204: in late 1206 the
361:
308:
100:Show map of Sea of Marmara
97:Nicomedia (Sea of Marmara)
7445:
7337:Tetrapyrgia in Cappadocia
6071:
5583:Neapolis on the Bosphorus
4683:
4610:
3801:
3283:
1790:Bargasa in northern Caria
1505:
1300:Geoffrey de Villehardouin
1024:Cohen, Getzel M. (1995).
224:
133:
119:
109:
47:
35:
7698:Former national capitals
7342:Tetrapyrgia in Pamphylia
6546:Hadrianopolis in Pisidia
4131:Hadrianopolis in Phrygia
3788:Zephyrium in Paphlagonia
2565:Magnesia on the Maeander
991:Peter Levi, ed. (1971).
942:Second Council of Nicaea
755:Theophylact of Nicomedia
749:Theopemptus of Nicomedia
445:Diocletianic Persecution
27:Ancient city of Bithynia
7472:Apamea on the Euphrates
7057:Philadelphia in Cilicia
6461:Dalisandus in Pamphylia
5033:Chelae on the Black Sea
3235:Tripolis on the Meander
1720:Astyra near Adramyttium
1640:Antioch on the Maeander
1193:Oxford University Press
1076:W.L. MacDonald (1976).
938:First Council of Nicaea
370:Nicomedes I of Bithynia
247:(chosen by the emperor
7638:260s BC establishments
7577:Seleucia at the Zeugma
6196:Aphrodisias of Cilicia
6181:Antioch on the Pyramis
6161:Antioch on the Orontes
4738:Aianteion in the Troad
3728:Sebastopolis in Pontus
1464:. London: John Murray.
1230:. London: John Murray.
1195:, pp. 1483–1484,
1078:"Nicomedia NW Turkey"
1054:The Walters Art Museum
857:
725:Pantaleon of Nicomedia
604:fall of Constantinople
495:
490:who assumed the title
400:
7462:Antioch in the Taurus
7167:Seleucia in Pamphylia
6456:Dalisandus in Isauria
6176:Antioch on the Cragus
5163:Dascylium in Bithynia
3693:Pteria in Paphlagonia
2980:Sebastopolis in Caria
2845:Philadelphia in Lydia
2790:Panormus near Miletus
2455:Laodicea on the Lycus
1770:Aureliopolis in Lydia
873:1999 İzmit earthquake
855:
737:Anthimus of Nicomedia
721:(3rd century), martyr
556:Notitiae Episcopatuum
508:Battle of Chrysopolis
504:Constantine the Great
477:
398:
260:Battle of Chrysopolis
155:40.76250°N 29.91750°E
7708:Hellenistic colonies
7703:Lysimachian colonies
7547:Nicopolis in Cilicia
7427:Zenopolis in Isauria
6521:Eudocias (Pamphylia)
6391:Comana in Cappadocia
6028:Tricomia in Bithynia
5313:Helenopolis/Drepanum
4096:Eudocia (Cappadocia)
3423:Comana in the Pontus
3050:Stratonicea in Caria
3045:Stratonicea in Lydia
2730:Nysa on the Maeander
2035:Dios Hieron in Lydia
2030:Dios Hieron in Ionia
1740:Atarneus sub Pitanem
1725:Astyra near Pergamon
743:Juliana of Nicomedia
719:Barbara of Nicomedia
492:Augustus of the East
368:, it was rebuilt by
6932:Neapolis in Pisidia
6756:Limnae in Pamphylia
6416:Corycus (Kızkalesi)
5278:Hadriani ad Olympum
5213:Drizipara/Drusipara
5168:Dekaton in Bithynia
4733:Aianteion in Thrace
2615:Metropolis in Lydia
2560:Magnesia ad Sipylum
1361:Pliny the Younger.
1346:Pliny the Younger.
1331:Pliny the Younger.
1268:Terezakis, Yorgos.
731:Adrian of Nicomedia
622:Theodore I Laskaris
518:(which was renamed
439:Persecutions of 303
278:(which was renamed
255:system (293–324).
151: /
69:Shown within Turkey
32:
7718:Bithynian colonies
7517:Hallan Çemi Tepesi
7432:Zenopolis in Lycia
6201:Apollonia in Lycia
6166:Antioch of Pisidia
6121:Anabura in Pisidia
5978:Tarsus in Bithynia
5473:Limnae in Bithynia
3413:Colonia in Armenia
2975:Sebaste in Phrygia
2200:Heraclea in Aeolis
2195:Heraclea at Latmus
1660:Apollonia Salbaces
1655:Apollonia in Mysia
1395:. p. 51.20.7.
1380:. p. 73.12.2.
1320:. p. 61.7.18.
916:, and the interim
858:
680:, and a temple of
581:Alexios I Komnenos
496:
403:Nicomedia was the
401:
160:40.76250; 29.91750
72:Show map of Turkey
30:
7653:Megarian colonies
7620:
7619:
7322:Telmessos (Caria)
6761:Limnae in Pisidia
6621:Isinda in Pisidia
6171:Antiochia Lamotis
5223:Elaea in Bithynia
5173:Dekaton in Thrace
4252:Laodicea Combusta
4136:Heraclea Cybistra
4101:Eudocia (Phrygia)
3688:Prusias ad Hypium
2910:Polichne in Ionia
2905:Polichna in Ionia
2475:Larissa Phrikonis
2205:Heraclea in Lydia
1645:Apamea in Phrygia
1254:978-1-4344-5876-6
1202:978-0-19-504652-6
1095:Pliny the Younger
775:(1328/1329-1369)
631:Battle of Bapheus
626:Henry of Flanders
619:Emperor of Nicaea
417:Pliny the Younger
388:). The historian
170:
169:
16:(Redirected from
7730:
7723:Coloniae (Roman)
7688:History of Izmit
7668:Cities in Turkey
7072:Phoenix in Lycia
6811:Malus in Pisidia
6486:Elaiussa Sebaste
5478:Limnae in Thrace
5143:Daphne Mainomene
5008:Cenon Gallicanon
4748:Alexandria Troas
4612:Eastern Anatolia
4287:Malus in Phrygia
4282:Malus in Galatia
3803:Central Anatolia
3593:Laodicea Pontica
3558:Hüseyindede Tepe
3538:Heraclea Pontica
3165:Thebe Hypoplakia
2855:Phoenix in Caria
2575:Maionia in Lydia
2210:Heraclea Salbace
1765:Aurelia Neapolis
1670:Apollonos Hieron
1492:
1485:
1478:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1448:
1447:
1439:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1388:
1382:
1381:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1365:. p. 10.49.
1358:
1352:
1351:
1350:. p. 10.74.
1343:
1337:
1336:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1313:
1307:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1282:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1182:
1171:
1168:
1162:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1138:
1128:
1119:
1118:
1110:
1104:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1073:
1058:
1057:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1021:
1015:
1014:
998:
988:
982:
981:
979:
978:
969:. Archived from
963:
924:) following the
922:Empire of Nicaea
837:
825:
813:
801:
789:
773:Aaron ben Elijah
767:Maximus Planudes
745:(d. 304), martyr
733:(d. 306), martyr
715:(d. 303), martyr
547:Metropolitan see
502:was defeated by
392:was born there.
363:
355:
354:
351:
350:
347:
344:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
303:Battle of Ankara
299:Byzantine Empire
226:
218:
217:
214:
213:
210:
207:
204:
201:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
166:
165:
163:
162:
161:
156:
152:
149:
148:
147:
144:
128:Kocaeli Province
101:
92:
91:
85:
73:
64:
63:
57:
40:
33:
29:
21:
7738:
7737:
7733:
7732:
7731:
7729:
7728:
7727:
7623:
7622:
7621:
7616:
7448:
7441:
7177:Seleucia Sidera
7172:Seleucia Pieria
6616:Isinda in Lycia
6516:Eudocia (Lycia)
6411:Corycium Antrum
6067:
5928:Serrion Teichos
5688:Pegae in Thrace
5443:Larisa in Troad
4883:Basilica Therma
4853:Astyra in Troad
4679:
4655:Justinianopolis
4606:
4181:Kaman-Kalehöyük
3861:Aquae Saravenae
3797:
3279:
2970:Satala in Lydia
2470:Larisa in Lydia
2465:Larisa in Ionia
2460:Larisa in Caria
2380:Kleros Politike
2310:Isinda in Ionia
1501:
1496:
1445:
1442:
1433:
1431:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1412:
1410:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1389:
1385:
1374:
1370:
1359:
1355:
1344:
1340:
1329:
1325:
1314:
1310:
1298:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1275:
1273:
1266:
1262:
1255:
1239:
1235:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1203:
1183:
1174:
1169:
1165:
1153:See C. Texier,
1152:
1148:
1129:
1122:
1111:
1107:
1093:
1089:
1074:
1061:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1036:
1028:. p. 400.
1022:
1018:
1011:
989:
985:
976:
974:
965:
964:
960:
956:
936:as well as the
897:
850:
843:
838:
829:
826:
817:
814:
805:
802:
793:
790:
761:Michael Psellos
727:(d.305), martyr
697:
643:
615:Thierry de Loos
577:Ibn Khurdadhbih
472:
441:
326:
322:
311:
266:) in 324, when
180:
176:
159:
157:
153:
150:
145:
142:
140:
138:
137:
105:
104:
103:
102:
99:
98:
95:
94:
93:
76:
75:
74:
71:
70:
67:
66:
65:
43:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7736:
7726:
7725:
7720:
7715:
7710:
7705:
7700:
7695:
7690:
7685:
7680:
7675:
7670:
7665:
7660:
7655:
7650:
7645:
7640:
7635:
7618:
7617:
7615:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7564:
7559:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7504:
7499:
7494:
7489:
7484:
7479:
7477:Carcathiocerta
7474:
7469:
7464:
7459:
7453:
7451:
7443:
7442:
7440:
7439:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7399:
7394:
7389:
7384:
7379:
7374:
7369:
7364:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7314:
7309:
7304:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7259:
7254:
7249:
7244:
7239:
7234:
7229:
7224:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7204:
7199:
7194:
7189:
7184:
7179:
7174:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7119:
7114:
7112:Pseudokorasion
7109:
7104:
7099:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7054:
7049:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6984:
6979:
6974:
6969:
6964:
6959:
6954:
6949:
6944:
6939:
6934:
6929:
6924:
6919:
6914:
6909:
6904:
6899:
6894:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6844:
6838:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6813:
6808:
6803:
6798:
6793:
6788:
6783:
6778:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6593:
6588:
6583:
6578:
6573:
6568:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6533:
6528:
6523:
6518:
6513:
6508:
6503:
6498:
6493:
6488:
6483:
6478:
6473:
6468:
6463:
6458:
6453:
6448:
6443:
6438:
6433:
6428:
6423:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6118:
6113:
6108:
6103:
6098:
6093:
6088:
6083:
6077:
6075:
6069:
6068:
6066:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6050:
6045:
6040:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5925:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5845:
5840:
5835:
5830:
5825:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5800:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5753:Pitheci Portus
5750:
5745:
5740:
5735:
5730:
5728:Phidalia Petra
5725:
5720:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5683:Pegae in Mysia
5680:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5660:
5655:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5540:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5440:
5435:
5430:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5410:
5405:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5288:Hadrianotherae
5285:
5280:
5275:
5273:Germanicopolis
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5110:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5065:
5060:
5055:
5050:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5020:
5015:
5010:
5005:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4833:Artaiouteichos
4830:
4825:
4820:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4689:
4687:
4681:
4680:
4678:
4677:
4672:
4670:Theodosiopolis
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4616:
4614:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4557:Thouththourbia
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4474:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4419:
4414:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4158:
4153:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3831:Anastasiopolis
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3807:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3289:
3287:
3281:
3280:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2390:Koddinou Petra
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1511:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1495:
1494:
1487:
1480:
1472:
1456:Smith, William
1441:
1440:
1419:
1398:
1383:
1368:
1353:
1338:
1323:
1308:
1292:
1283:
1260:
1253:
1233:
1222:Smith, William
1207:
1201:
1172:
1163:
1161:(Paris, 1894).
1159:Turquie d'Asie
1146:
1120:
1105:
1087:
1059:
1041:
1034:
1016:
1009:
983:
957:
955:
952:
951:
950:
945:
930:Constantinople
926:Fourth Crusade
903:
896:
893:
889:Kocaeli Museum
849:
846:
845:
844:
839:
832:
830:
827:
820:
818:
815:
808:
806:
803:
796:
794:
791:
784:
781:
780:
777:Karaite Jewish
770:
764:
758:
752:
746:
740:
734:
728:
722:
716:
710:
704:
696:
693:
642:
641:Infrastructure
639:
635:Ottoman beylik
608:Fourth Crusade
602:following the
520:Constantinople
471:
468:
440:
437:
378:Hannibal Barca
310:
307:
291:Ottoman Empire
280:Constantinople
168:
167:
135:
131:
130:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
96:
87:
86:
80:
79:
78:
77:
68:
59:
58:
52:
51:
50:
49:
48:
45:
44:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7735:
7724:
7721:
7719:
7716:
7714:
7711:
7709:
7706:
7704:
7701:
7699:
7696:
7694:
7691:
7689:
7686:
7684:
7681:
7679:
7676:
7674:
7671:
7669:
7666:
7664:
7661:
7659:
7656:
7654:
7651:
7649:
7646:
7644:
7641:
7639:
7636:
7634:
7631:
7630:
7628:
7613:
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7505:
7503:
7500:
7498:
7495:
7493:
7490:
7488:
7485:
7483:
7480:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7468:
7465:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7455:
7454:
7452:
7450:
7444:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7420:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7403:
7400:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7388:
7385:
7383:
7380:
7378:
7375:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7307:Tell Judaidah
7305:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7258:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7248:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7238:
7235:
7233:
7230:
7228:
7225:
7223:
7220:
7218:
7215:
7213:
7210:
7208:
7205:
7203:
7200:
7198:
7195:
7193:
7190:
7188:
7185:
7183:
7180:
7178:
7175:
7173:
7170:
7168:
7165:
7163:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6953:
6950:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6821:Mamure Castle
6819:
6817:
6816:Mampsoukrenai
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6606:Isaura Palaea
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6579:
6577:
6574:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6547:
6544:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6517:
6514:
6512:
6509:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6482:
6479:
6477:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6462:
6459:
6457:
6454:
6452:
6449:
6447:
6444:
6442:
6439:
6437:
6434:
6432:
6429:
6427:
6424:
6422:
6419:
6417:
6414:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6078:
6076:
6074:
6073:Mediterranean
6070:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6044:
6041:
6038:
6034:
6031:
6029:
6026:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5924:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5849:
5848:Pyrrhias Cyon
5846:
5844:
5841:
5839:
5836:
5834:
5831:
5829:
5826:
5824:
5821:
5819:
5816:
5814:
5811:
5809:
5806:
5804:
5801:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5731:
5729:
5726:
5724:
5721:
5719:
5716:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5704:
5701:
5699:
5696:
5694:
5691:
5689:
5686:
5684:
5681:
5679:
5676:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5659:
5656:
5654:
5651:
5649:
5646:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5604:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5546:
5544:
5541:
5539:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5019:
5016:
5014:
5011:
5009:
5006:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4973:Caenophrurium
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4888:Basilinopolis
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4873:Baradendromia
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4829:
4826:
4824:
4821:
4819:
4816:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4773:Apamea Myrlea
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4753:Alopeconnesus
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4688:
4686:
4682:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4613:
4609:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4418:
4415:
4413:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4142:
4139:
4137:
4134:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4111:Faustinopolis
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4032:
4029:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3811:Abouadeineita
3809:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3513:Garzoubanthon
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3276:
3275:Zingotos Kome
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3205:Tlos in Caria
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2990:Side in Caria
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2600:Meiros Megale
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2555:Maeandropolis
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2355:Kaymakçı Tepe
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2230:Hierocaesarea
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
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1451:public domain
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34:
19:
7512:Göbekli Tepe
7447:Southeastern
7312:Tell Tayinat
7007:Panemotichus
6636:Juliosebaste
6376:Claudiopolis
6371:Cibyra Mikra
6151:Ano Kotradis
5998:Tesderamoska
5878:Rouphinianai
5708:Pericharaxis
5602:
5573:Nausimachion
5388:Katapaspanas
5198:Didymateiche
4898:Bathys Limen
4868:Aureliopolis
4562:Tiberiopolis
4467:Sadagolthina
4146:Hieropotamon
4066:Dometiopolis
4001:Comitanassus
3941:Binbirkilise
3936:Bathys Rhyax
3851:Antoniopolis
3816:Alişar Hüyük
3678:Pompeiopolis
3373:Callistratia
3293:Abonoteichos
3220:Trapezopolis
3215:Traianopolis
2215:Hermocapelia
1755:Augustopolis
1695:Arcadiopolis
1459:
1443:
1432:. Retrieved
1422:
1411:. Retrieved
1401:
1392:
1386:
1377:
1371:
1362:
1356:
1347:
1341:
1332:
1326:
1317:
1311:
1303:
1295:
1286:
1274:. Retrieved
1263:
1243:
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1225:
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1186:
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1158:
1155:Asie mineure
1154:
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1134:
1114:
1108:
1098:
1090:
1081:
1044:
1025:
1019:
994:
986:
975:. Retrieved
971:the original
961:
934:Nicene Creed
885:
870:
859:
713:Saint George
686:
667:
651:
644:
600:Latin Empire
597:
585:Seljuk Turks
570:
564:
554:
544:
540:Roman colony
524:
497:
491:
480:Roman Empire
470:Later Empire
460:
442:
413:Roman Empire
402:
312:
297:against the
288:
257:
245:Roman Empire
228:
172:
171:
7542:Nevalı Çori
7367:Tragalassus
7197:Serraepolis
7122:Rhodiapolis
7042:Perminounda
7032:Pednelissus
7002:Palaeopolis
6892:Moron Hydor
6661:Karakabaklı
6646:Kalelibelen
6526:Flaviopolis
6476:Diocaesarea
6381:Colybrassus
6336:Carmylessus
6186:Antiphellus
5883:Salmydessus
5823:Proconnesus
5593:Neonteichos
5518:Miletopolis
5373:Kalos Agros
5348:Ilieon Kome
5058:Chrysopolis
4818:Argyropolis
4778:Aphrodisias
4723:Aegospotami
4635:Cafer Höyük
4592:Verinopolis
4472:Salamboreia
4427:Pillitokome
4171:Isauropolis
4056:Diocaesarea
3971:Carus Vicus
3906:Aspenzinsos
3886:Ariaramneia
3658:Philocaleia
3618:Naustathmus
3553:Hieron Oros
3328:Anticinolis
3308:Alaca Höyük
3120:Temenothyra
2920:Pordoselene
2780:Palaeopolis
2775:Palaemyndus
2710:Neonteichos
2585:Marathesium
2270:Hypokremnos
2000:Dareioukome
1875:Carmylessus
1805:Beycesultan
1650:Aphrodisias
1545:Adramyttium
1276:13 November
779:philosopher
648:Hellenistic
531:Justinian I
482:during the
478:Map of the
382:Diliskelesi
268:Constantine
158: /
134:Coordinates
7627:Categories
7587:Sultantepe
7482:Carchemish
7387:Tyberissus
7347:Titiopolis
7292:Tardequeia
7207:Sibidounda
7147:Sagalassos
7077:Pisarissos
6897:Moumoustra
6882:Mopsuestia
6877:Mopsucrene
6867:Mezgitkale
6726:Kynosarion
6601:Isaura Nea
6596:Irenopolis
6561:Hierapolis
6431:Cretopolis
6406:Coracesium
6321:Callimache
6003:Tetrakomia
5948:Smintheion
5898:Scamandrus
5893:Scamandria
5828:Proochthoi
5803:Pratomysia
5793:Potamonion
5783:Polymedium
5773:Poleatikon
5768:Poemanenum
5743:Phosphorus
5718:Petrozetoi
5698:Pentephyle
5663:Pantichium
5618:Ophryneion
5568:Nausikleia
5548:Moukaporis
5508:Mantineion
5498:Lysimachia
5368:Kale Peuke
5318:Heracleium
5243:Ergasteria
5233:Elekosmioi
5048:Choiragria
4953:Burtudizon
4933:Blachernae
4813:Argyronion
4713:Ad Statuas
4708:Achilleion
4645:Citharizum
4630:Arsamosata
4457:Purushanda
4327:Moutalaske
4221:Kodylessos
4176:Juliopolis
4166:Irenopolis
4086:Ergobrotis
4021:Coropassus
3976:Çatalhöyük
3891:Ariarathia
3773:Yazılıkaya
3743:Themiscyra
3698:Salatiwara
3673:Polemonium
3598:Libiopolis
3573:Ischopolis
3548:Hermonassa
3543:Heracleium
3150:Teuthrania
3110:Teichiussa
3040:Stectorium
3015:Skolopoeis
2930:Prymnessus
2805:Parthenium
2605:Melampagos
2545:Lysimachia
2510:Leucophrys
2370:Klazomenai
2330:Kalabantia
2295:Ioniapolis
2225:Hieropolis
2220:Hierapolis
2005:Dideiphyta
1925:Chrysaoris
1855:Callipolis
1434:2018-01-14
1413:2018-01-14
1316:Libanius.
1139:. p.
977:2012-07-03
954:References
816:Diocletian
701:Diocletian
587:, and the
527:earthquake
488:Diocletian
456:Terminalia
429:Diocletian
411:under the
405:metropolis
374:Asia Minor
366:Lysimachus
295:Orhan Gazi
249:Diocletian
229:Nikomedeia
225:Νικομήδεια
146:29°55′03″E
143:40°45′45″N
7557:Sakçagözü
7527:Khashshum
7422:Yumuktepe
7372:Trebendae
7352:Tityassus
7332:Termessos
7317:Telmessos
7302:Teimiussa
7262:Sozopolis
7157:Saraganda
7152:Sandalium
7127:Rhoscopus
7117:Ptolemais
7107:Prostanna
7067:Phoenicus
7012:Panhormus
6997:Padyandus
6947:Octapolis
6917:Myriandus
6857:Melanippe
6796:Magastara
6701:Kitanaura
6676:Kastellon
6656:Kanytelis
6641:Kalanthia
6581:Idebessos
6566:Hippucome
6536:Gözlükule
6501:Epiphania
6481:Domuztepe
6361:Charadrus
6346:Castabala
6226:Arnabanda
6206:Arabissus
6156:Antigonia
6146:Anemurium
6126:Anazarbus
6086:Acarassus
6081:Acalissus
5973:Tarpodizo
5958:Strobilos
5918:Selymbria
5873:Rhoiteion
5798:Praenetus
5778:Polychron
5723:Pharmakia
5713:Perinthus
5668:Parabolos
5633:Ostreodes
5613:Ontoraita
5603:Nicomedia
5578:Neandreia
5553:Myrileion
5538:Morzapena
5528:Mochadion
5513:Marpessos
5448:Lasthenes
5438:Lampsacus
5433:Lamponeia
5423:Kyparodes
5363:Kalasyrta
5303:Harpagion
5298:Hamaxitus
5283:Hadriania
5203:Diolkides
5158:Dascylium
5028:Charmidea
5018:Chalcedon
5003:Cenchreae
4963:Byzantium
4928:Bithynium
4863:Aureliane
4718:Adrasteia
4620:Altıntepe
4567:Trocmades
4542:Takourtha
4517:Sidamaria
4442:Pontanena
4392:Pedachtoë
4387:Parnassus
4347:Nazianzus
4277:Malandasa
4257:Laroumada
4247:Lamatorma
4076:Ecdaumava
4071:Dorylaeum
4041:Dadastana
4016:Corniaspa
4006:Congustus
3986:Ciscissus
3961:Camuliana
3881:Ardistama
3856:Anzoulada
3836:Andabalis
3826:Anadynata
3753:Timolaeum
3708:Sandaraca
3648:Pharnacia
3628:Nicopolis
3303:Aiginetes
3285:Black Sea
3245:Tyanollos
3195:Thyssanus
3190:Thymbrara
3160:Theangela
3155:Thasthara
3115:Telandrus
3100:Tateikome
3055:Strobilos
2915:Polybotus
2840:Perperene
2725:Nymphaeum
2695:Naulochus
2690:Naulochon
2660:Myloukome
2610:Meloukome
2515:Limantepe
2430:Labraunda
2260:Hyllarima
2180:Halisarna
2160:Gerriadai
2050:Doroukome
1985:Cyllandus
1915:Chalcetor
1825:Boukolion
1685:Aragokome
1665:Apollonis
1635:Antandrus
1550:Agatheira
1520:Abrostola
1333:Epistulae
1318:Oratories
918:Byzantine
866:nymphaeum
662:sesterces
653:Epistulae
612:seneschal
572:Optimatoi
536:Caliphate
516:Byzantium
484:Tetrarchy
433:Tetrarchy
282:, modern
276:Byzantium
270:defeated
253:Tetrarchy
235:) was an
231:; modern
173:Nicomedia
31:Nicomedia
18:Nikomedia
7567:Samosata
7449:Anatolia
7417:Yanıkhan
7407:Typallia
7397:Tymandus
7377:Trebenna
7362:Toriaeum
7287:Tapureli
7192:Seroiata
7142:Sabandus
7137:Rygmanoi
7092:Platanus
7082:Pisurgia
7047:Phaselis
6982:Orokenda
6937:Nephelis
6847:Mastaura
6836:Marciana
6746:Lebessus
6716:Korasion
6706:Kodroula
6691:Kiphisos
6666:Karatepe
6496:Emirzeli
6491:Elbessos
6421:Corydala
6351:Ceretapa
6331:Carallia
6316:Cadyanda
6306:Cabassus
6296:Bindaios
6256:Aspendos
6251:Arycanda
6246:Artanada
6216:Ariassus
6141:Andriaca
6131:Anchiale
6058:Utsurgae
6048:Tzurulum
6043:Tyrodiza
6037:Hisarlik
6013:Tragasai
5983:Tattaios
5968:Syllanta
5943:Sirkanos
5923:Semystra
5888:Sangarus
5853:Pytheion
5843:Psyllium
5763:Ploketta
5678:Paulines
5623:Orestias
5543:Mossynea
5523:Mocasura
5488:Lupadium
5418:Koubaita
5413:Kosilaos
5338:Iasonion
5323:Hermaion
5308:Hebdomon
5258:Gentinos
5248:Eribolum
5153:Dardanus
5133:Dacibyza
5128:Dadokome
5108:Crithote
5098:Crenides
5093:Cremaste
5078:Cocylium
5013:Chalcaea
4968:Byzapena
4943:Boradion
4918:Bisanthe
4893:Bathonea
4768:Anaplous
4703:Achaiion
4640:Camachus
4582:Tyriaeum
4502:Senzousa
4477:Salarama
4412:Pessinus
4382:Papirion
4377:Orcistus
4342:Nakoleia
4332:Musbanda
4317:Mokissos
4302:Midaeium
4262:Lauzadus
4238:(Kanesh)
4211:Kindyria
4206:Kilistra
4201:Kerkenes
4186:Kanotala
4081:Ecobriga
4046:Dasmenda
4036:Cyzistra
4031:Cybistra
3951:Borissos
3926:Balgatia
3921:Balbissa
3901:Artiknos
3876:Archalla
3763:Tripolis
3733:Stephane
3723:Saurania
3713:Sapinuwa
3668:Pimolisa
3653:Phazemon
3523:Gozalena
3493:Euchaita
3488:Erythini
3458:Cyptasia
3443:Crenides
3398:Chadisia
3378:Carambis
3318:Amastris
3298:Aegialus
3270:Zemmeana
3240:Troketta
3230:Triopium
3185:Thyatira
3060:Syangela
3000:Silandus
2960:Saouenda
2835:Pergamon
2815:Passanda
2785:Panasion
2760:Orthoisa
2740:Oenoanda
2705:Neapolis
2590:Mastaura
2485:Lasnedda
2440:Lalandos
2420:Kymnissa
2375:Kleimaka
2360:Kilaraza
2345:Kaualena
2340:Kasossos
2275:Hyrcanis
2255:Hygassos
2250:Hydissus
2235:Homadena
2170:Gryneium
2155:Gergitha
2145:Gambrium
2135:Euthenae
2125:Eumeneia
2115:Eukarpia
2100:Erythras
2095:Erythrae
2045:Docimium
2040:Dioskome
1980:Cybeleia
1975:Coryphas
1965:Colossae
1960:Colophon
1950:Clannuda
1945:Cisthene
1935:Cidramus
1930:Chytrium
1905:Celaenae
1895:Casystes
1890:Castabus
1885:Caryanda
1845:Bybassus
1830:Boutheia
1815:Blaundus
1795:Bargylia
1735:Atarneus
1715:Astragon
1710:Aspaneus
1690:Araukome
1680:Appolena
1610:Amynanda
1585:Allianoi
1570:Alabanda
1540:Acrassus
1530:Acharaca
1515:Abbassus
1363:Epistles
1348:Epistles
914:Bithynia
895:See also
877:Hercules
678:Augustus
674:Commodus
525:A major
500:Licinius
452:Galerius
435:system.
421:Epistles
409:Bithynia
315:Megarian
284:Istanbul
272:Licinius
110:Location
7597:Tushhan
7572:Sareisa
7552:Nisibis
7537:Matiate
7532:Kussara
7502:Doliche
7492:Dabanas
7412:Xanthos
7327:Tenedos
7247:Siricae
7232:Sillyon
7222:Siderus
7187:Selinus
7097:Podalia
7087:Placoma
7062:Philaea
7052:Phellus
7022:Parlais
7017:Pargais
6987:Otanada
6977:Onobara
6967:Olympus
6922:Nagidos
6862:Meriana
6843:(Mnara)
6841:Marmara
6831:Mandane
6801:Magydus
6791:Magarsa
6786:Lysinia
6751:Legeita
6731:Laertes
6711:Kolbasa
6696:Kirkota
6671:Karkabo
6651:Kandyba
6631:Istlada
6556:Hamaxia
6541:Hacilar
6466:Damasei
6451:Daedala
6446:Cyrrhus
6441:Cyaneae
6356:Cestrus
6326:Calynda
6311:Cadrema
6286:Balbura
6276:Aunesis
6266:Augusta
6241:Arsinoe
6191:Aperlae
6111:Alalakh
6096:Adrasus
6018:Thynias
5938:Sigeion
5908:Scylace
5903:Scepsis
5868:Rhesion
5863:Rhegion
5838:Psarela
5818:Prindea
5813:Priapus
5788:Potamoi
5703:Percote
5653:Palodes
5563:Nassete
5503:Madytus
5468:Libyssa
5453:Leptoia
5408:Kolonai
5398:Kizoura
5358:Kalamos
5333:Hierion
5253:Gargara
5238:Embolos
5218:Eirakla
5183:Delphin
5148:Daphnus
5138:Damalis
5123:Cyzicus
5118:Cypsela
5113:Cypasis
5088:Colonae
4998:Cebrene
4988:Canopus
4958:Bythias
4923:Bitenas
4913:Birytis
4908:Bergule
4903:Beodizo
4858:Athyras
4848:Astacus
4838:Artanes
4808:Argyria
4798:Arbeila
4693:Abarnis
4685:Marmara
4665:Sugunia
4552:Thebasa
4532:Soandos
4522:Skandos
4507:Sereana
4487:Savatra
4372:Olosada
4322:Mourisa
4242:Lageina
4236:Kültepe
4196:Keissia
4191:Karbala
4161:Ilistra
4126:Gordium
4121:Gorbeus
4091:Euaissa
4026:Cotenna
3996:Claneus
3981:Cimiata
3966:Candara
3946:Blucium
3871:Arasaxa
3846:Anniaca
3821:Amblada
3793:Ziporea
3783:Zaliche
3778:Zagorus
3768:Virasia
3748:Thymena
3738:Syderos
3608:Metroon
3603:Lillium
3588:Kimista
3533:Hattusa
3518:Gaziura
3503:Gadilon
3483:Endeira
3473:Diacopa
3463:Cytorus
3433:Cordyle
3428:Coralla
3418:Colussa
3403:Cinolis
3393:Cerasus
3388:Carussa
3383:Carissa
3348:Berissa
3343:Athenae
3333:Argyria
3265:Uranium
3225:Trarium
3180:Thyaira
3145:Termera
3135:Tendeba
3130:Tempsis
3080:Synnada
3005:Sillyos
2995:Sidussa
2935:Pteleum
2900:Plarasa
2895:Pladasa
2880:Pisilis
2865:Phyteia
2860:Physcus
2850:Phocaea
2810:Passala
2800:Parsada
2765:Ortygia
2755:Oroanna
2655:Motella
2650:Mostene
2645:Mossyna
2640:Mokolda
2635:Mobolla
2625:Miletus
2570:Maiboza
2550:Madnasa
2520:Lobolda
2495:Lebedus
2480:Larymna
2450:Lankena
2445:Lamyana
2415:Kyllene
2400:Korakoe
2365:Kildara
2265:Hypaepa
2185:Harpasa
2130:Euromus
2120:Euhippe
2105:Etsyena
2085:Ephesus
2075:Embatum
2060:Eiokome
2020:Dioclea
1910:Ceramus
1900:Cedreae
1820:Bonitai
1810:Birgena
1785:Bargasa
1775:Aurokra
1730:Astyria
1625:Anineta
1600:Amorium
1595:Amnista
1565:Aizanoi
1535:Acmonia
1453::
848:Remains
828:Licinus
670:Demeter
606:to the
569:of the
512:Üsküdar
506:at the
464:eunuchs
362:Ἀστακός
319:Astacus
309:History
264:Üsküdar
7633:264 BC
7612:Zeugma
7562:Sam'al
7522:Harran
7507:Edessa
7487:Çayönü
7402:Tynada
7392:Tyinda
7297:Tarsus
7282:Takina
7277:Syedra
7257:Solyma
7237:Simena
7227:Sidyma
7212:Sibyla
7162:Sebeda
7132:Rhosus
7027:Patara
6992:Ouerbe
6972:Öküzlü
6957:Olbasa
6927:Nauloi
6907:Mylios
6872:Moatra
6826:Manava
6806:Mallus
6766:Limyra
6686:Kibyra
6681:Keraia
6591:Iotape
6586:Idyros
6511:Etenna
6506:Erymna
6426:Cremna
6401:Conana
6386:Comama
6236:Arsada
6231:Arneae
6136:Andeda
6116:Amelas
6063:Zeleia
6053:Urisio
6023:Traron
6008:Tipaso
5993:Terbos
5933:Sestos
5913:Scylla
5858:Rhebas
5758:Placia
5748:Pionia
5738:Philia
5733:Phiela
5673:Parium
5658:Panion
5648:Paesus
5638:Pactya
5598:Nerola
5378:Kampos
5328:Hieria
5293:Halone
5263:Gergis
5228:Elaeus
5208:Drabus
5178:Delkos
5103:Cressa
5073:Cobrys
5068:Clitae
5053:Chryse
5023:Charax
4993:Cardia
4978:Callum
4948:Brunca
4828:Artace
4823:Arisba
4803:Argiza
4793:Apsoda
4763:Amycus
4698:Abydos
4675:Tushpa
4650:Dadima
4602:Zizima
4587:Vasada
4547:Tavium
4527:Soanda
4512:Sibora
4497:Sedasa
4482:Sasima
4462:Pyrgoi
4452:Pteria
4447:Posala
4437:Pithoi
4432:Pissia
4422:Phlara
4417:Pharax
4397:Pedaia
4367:Ochras
4352:Nitazi
4337:Myrika
4312:Mnizus
4307:Mistea
4272:Lystra
4267:Limnae
4226:Korama
4216:Kobara
4151:Homana
4141:Herpha
4106:Eulepa
3956:Campae
3931:Barate
3916:Atenia
3896:Armaxa
3866:Aralla
3718:Satala
3703:Samuha
3683:Potami
3643:Patara
3638:Oxinas
3613:Mokata
3583:Kelesa
3563:Hyssus
3508:Garius
3498:Eusene
3478:Elaeus
3453:Cromna
3448:Cromen
3438:Cratia
3408:Cizari
3363:Cabira
3353:Bonita
3338:Armene
3313:Amasia
3255:Tymnos
3250:Tymion
3210:Tomara
3170:Thebes
3125:Temnos
3095:Tabala
3075:Syneta
3070:Synaus
3065:Symbra
3035:Stadia
3020:Smyrna
2965:Sardis
2955:Pyrrha
2950:Pyrnus
2945:Pygela
2940:Pydnae
2925:Priene
2890:Pitane
2875:Pinara
2870:Pidasa
2830:Pepuza
2825:Peltae
2820:Pedasa
2750:Olymos
2745:Olaeis
2720:Notion
2715:Nisyra
2670:Myrina
2665:Myndus
2630:Mylasa
2595:Meiros
2580:Malene
2525:Loryma
2505:Leucae
2500:Leimon
2490:Latmus
2435:Lagina
2410:Kouara
2405:Koresa
2395:Koraia
2385:Knidos
2350:Kaunos
2335:Kasara
2320:Kadyie
2315:Iskome
2300:Ioudda
2165:Glauke
2140:Euxine
2090:Erines
2080:Emoddi
2055:Eibeos
2010:Didyma
1995:Daldis
1970:Conium
1955:Claros
1940:Cindye
1920:Choria
1880:Carura
1870:Carene
1840:Bruzus
1835:Briula
1800:Beudos
1780:Bageis
1750:Attuda
1700:Arilla
1630:Annaea
1615:Amyzon
1590:Almura
1580:Alinda
1507:Aegean
1251:
1219:
1199:
1103:10.33.
1100:Epist.
1032:
1007:
906:Nicaea
881:Athena
804:Arrian
707:Arrian
658:Trajan
593:Second
449:Caesar
425:Cybele
390:Arrian
241:Turkey
120:Region
114:Turkey
7607:Urshu
7602:Urima
7592:Tille
7582:Sitai
7457:Amida
7382:Trysa
7242:Sinda
7182:Selge
7102:Pogla
7037:Perga
6962:Olbia
6902:Mylae
6887:Morka
6852:Meloë
6781:Lyrbe
6776:Lycae
6771:Lissa
6741:Lamos
6736:Lagbe
6721:Korma
6626:Issus
6571:Holmi
6551:Halae
6531:Gagae
6396:Comba
6366:Choma
6341:Casae
6301:Bubon
6291:Baris
6271:Aulae
6261:Augai
6221:Arima
6211:Araxa
6106:Agrae
6101:Aegae
6091:Adada
5988:Tenba
5963:Sykai
5833:Prusa
5808:Prepa
5643:Paeon
5558:Narco
5533:Modra
5493:Lygos
5483:Linus
5463:Libum
5458:Liada
5428:Kypra
5403:Koila
5393:Kepos
5383:Kassa
5353:Kabia
5268:Germa
5188:Deris
5083:Colla
4983:Calpe
4938:Bolos
4878:Baris
4843:Assos
4788:Aprus
4758:Ammoi
4743:Ainos
4728:Agora
4660:Melid
4597:Zeita
4577:Tynna
4572:Tyana
4492:Sbida
4407:Perta
4402:Peium
4362:Nyssa
4292:Meloë
4231:Koron
4116:Germa
4061:Doara
4051:Derbe
4011:Corna
3991:Cinna
3911:Astra
3841:Anisa
3633:Ophis
3623:Nerik
3578:Karza
3568:Ibora
3368:Cales
3323:Ancon
3200:Tisna
3175:Thera
3090:Tabae
3085:Syrna
3030:Spore
2985:Setae
2885:Pisye
2770:Otrus
2700:Naxia
2685:Nasos
2540:Lyrna
2535:Lydae
2530:Lunda
2325:Kaira
2305:Ipsus
2290:Idyma
2280:Iasos
2245:Hydas
2240:Hydai
2190:Helos
2150:Gerga
2110:Euaza
2070:Eluza
2065:Elaea
2015:Digda
1865:Canae
1860:Caloe
1760:Aulae
1745:Attea
1705:Aroma
1675:Appia
1620:Anaua
1560:Airai
1555:Aegae
910:İznik
862:İzmit
689:Goths
589:First
566:thema
386:Gebze
233:İzmit
221:Greek
124:İzmit
7497:Dara
7357:Tlos
7272:Syca
7267:Sura
7252:Soli
7217:Side
6952:Olba
6942:Nisa
6912:Myra
6611:Isba
6576:Hyia
6471:Dias
6436:Crya
6033:Troy
5953:Soka
5693:Pege
5628:Orni
5193:Desa
5063:Cius
4537:Sora
4357:Nora
4156:Hyde
3758:Tium
3663:Pida
3358:Boon
3140:Teos
3105:Taza
3010:Sion
2735:Odon
2680:Nais
2675:Myus
2285:Iaza
1990:Cyme
1850:Cadi
1605:Amos
1575:Alia
1278:2012
1249:ISBN
1197:ISBN
1030:ISBN
1005:ISBN
940:and
871:The
682:Roma
591:and
7202:Sia
5608:Oka
5343:Ide
4625:Ani
3468:Dia
3260:Ula
3025:Soa
2425:Kys
1141:168
1001:232
656:to
419:'s
7629::
1191:,
1175:^
1123:^
1097:,
1080:.
1062:^
1052:.
1003:.
944:.)
879:,
542:.
384:,
360::
356:;
227:,
223::
219:;
203:iː
126:,
6039:)
6035:(
1491:e
1484:t
1477:v
1437:.
1416:.
1280:.
1257:.
1143:.
1056:.
1038:.
1013:.
980:.
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349:s
346:ə
343:k
340:ə
337:t
334:s
331:æ
328:ˈ
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262:(
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212:ə
209:i
206:d
200:m
197:ˈ
194:ə
191:k
188:ɪ
185:n
182:ˌ
179:/
175:(
20:)
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