1406:
40:
1530:
An extract from
Scherer's 1968 Ph.D. thesis, "Mission and Unity in Lutheranism". Scherer was Professor of World Mission and Church History at the Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago until his retirement.
448:
2945:
1376:
1242:. The term has been defined different ways to distinguish it from the Old Lutherans movement, which was a schism in areas where a church union was enforced.
2573:
1757:
1254:
1507:
1620:
482:
1723:
1371:. However, unlike the Erlangen School, this type of neo-Lutheranism did not have a lasting influence on Lutheran theology. Properly speaking,
1231:
194:
1958:
473:
290:
3015:
1390:
Neo-Lutheranism is distinct from the term "neo-Protestantism", which is an exclusively liberal theology represented, for example, by
1593:
Confessional
Lutheranism and German Theological Wissenschaft: Adolf Harleß, August Vilmar, and Johannes Christian Konrad von Hofmann
3005:
2828:
2601:
563:
1281:. In contrast, confessionalism to the Erlangen School was not to be static, but dynamic. The Erlangen School tried to combine
1136:
765:
2706:
1613:
1424:
2721:
2040:
1298:
2784:
2711:
1733:
1480:
1340:
1245:
A distinction developed in neo-Lutheranism whereby one side held to repristination theology, which attempted to restore
1328:
1186:
movement and focused on a reassertion of the identity of
Lutherans as a distinct group within the broader community of
398:
165:
3000:
2853:
2774:
2463:
1880:
1332:
752:
2995:
2746:
1845:
1286:
1606:
1568:
790:
262:
2833:
2915:
635:
500:
490:
428:
393:
230:
1943:
2970:
2369:
2307:
2015:
433:
346:
2789:
2346:
2325:
1336:
785:
2894:
2799:
2731:
1948:
1302:
899:
660:
388:
1641:
1522:
60:
2940:
2533:
2458:
2257:
1872:
1738:
1728:
1067:
1022:
770:
299:
177:
173:
2130:
3025:
3020:
2683:
2663:
2186:
1930:
1444:
1258:
1219:
1042:
1007:
620:
308:
126:
744:
709:
610:
2838:
2484:
1885:
1707:
1459:
1129:
695:
495:
443:
413:
378:
221:
2267:
2226:
734:
2965:
2741:
2688:
2668:
2489:
2432:
2427:
1920:
1306:
1270:
625:
583:
383:
1925:
2766:
2673:
2543:
2479:
2341:
2221:
1429:
1372:
1322:
856:
838:
670:
578:
2779:
2558:
2548:
2453:
2351:
2320:
2100:
1689:
1669:
1629:
1344:
1282:
1172:
1027:
871:
866:
523:
423:
1953:
2563:
2282:
2272:
1743:
1694:
1684:
1548:
1278:
1207:
861:
505:
418:
403:
321:
276:
1211:
919:
2611:
2553:
2315:
2277:
2241:
2236:
2150:
2081:
2010:
1815:
1573:
1419:
1195:
1122:
1037:
1012:
809:
780:
665:
528:
267:
23:
1800:
1052:
8:
2935:
2716:
2581:
1974:
1935:
1795:
1780:
1699:
1454:
1411:
1360:, strongly contending that the church was an outward, visible institution of salvation.
1310:
1239:
1102:
1097:
952:
366:
156:
2216:
2884:
2736:
2626:
2621:
2596:
2586:
2374:
2165:
2140:
2095:
2025:
1995:
1966:
1890:
1835:
1820:
1775:
1770:
1663:
1449:
1363:
They emphasised the ordained ministry instituted by Christ and the significance of the
1290:
1246:
947:
942:
879:
775:
714:
538:
313:
202:
1542:
1327:
Neo-Lutheranism is sometimes limited only to the theology and activity represented by
894:
3010:
2678:
2417:
2389:
2262:
2030:
1915:
1840:
1492:
1391:
1262:
1199:
680:
408:
329:
281:
211:
185:
2930:
2925:
2794:
2394:
2384:
2379:
2231:
2206:
2201:
2191:
2160:
2076:
2056:
2035:
2020:
2000:
1900:
1895:
1830:
1810:
1679:
1488:
1380:
1356:
1274:
1062:
1057:
1047:
1032:
1002:
987:
972:
904:
818:
690:
655:
533:
136:
39:
1198:
renewed focus on traditional doctrine and liturgy, which paralleled the growth of
1162:
909:
828:
2848:
2726:
2437:
2211:
2155:
2145:
2125:
2117:
2061:
2005:
1910:
1905:
1805:
1294:
1191:
1082:
1077:
992:
982:
924:
848:
843:
823:
760:
719:
645:
548:
146:
2920:
2910:
2858:
2843:
2631:
2538:
2196:
2181:
1785:
1674:
1508:"The Triumph of Confessionalism in Nineteenth-Century German Lutheran Missions"
1368:
1017:
997:
957:
889:
833:
804:
724:
675:
650:
605:
252:
235:
2528:
2989:
2889:
2813:
2636:
2616:
2518:
2422:
2361:
2135:
2071:
1979:
1765:
1434:
1266:
1235:
1183:
1107:
1092:
938:
685:
568:
558:
438:
106:
101:
70:
739:
2879:
2756:
2751:
2523:
1790:
1351:
1194:
as a key source of
Lutheran doctrine. Associated with these changes was an
1187:
1087:
962:
914:
453:
131:
55:
2863:
2606:
2404:
2066:
1825:
1633:
1598:
1439:
1384:
1348:
1153:
1072:
977:
967:
884:
814:
729:
630:
245:
65:
31:
1364:
799:
795:
640:
615:
2412:
1203:
1541:
1238:
against the
British government's decision to reduce the number of
2591:
2510:
1405:
1176:
1157:
553:
543:
1277:, and others. Repristination theology is more similar to later
116:
91:
2698:
2655:
1225:
1377:
Hochkirchliche
Vereinigung Augsburgischen Bekenntnisses
1257:. The repristination theology group was represented by
1563:
1561:
1559:
1375:
began in
Germany much later, with the creation of the
1214:. The chief literary organ of the neo-Lutheranism was
1401:
1230:
Neo-Lutheranism developed as a reaction against the
1556:
1505:
1202:in England. It was sometimes even called "German
2987:
16:19th-century revival movement within Lutheranism
1478:
1249:, while the other held to the theology of the
1210:in Germany, neo-Lutheranism was paralleled by
1614:
1595:, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter. 978-3110760538.
1130:
195:Treatise on the Power and Primacy of the Pope
1152:was a 19th-century revival movement within
1628:
1621:
1607:
1539:
1479:Schubert, Anselm; Mühling, Markus (2011).
1316:
1234:in a similar manner to the development of
1137:
1123:
1285:theology with new learning and included
2988:
1931:Council of Trent § Protestant response
2946:Synodical Conference of North America
1602:
1226:Repristination versus Erlangen school
1954:Controversy on the Descent into Hell
1552:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1425:Gottlieb Christoph Adolf von Harless
1354:. They were against the idea of the
1171:, and developed in reaction against
1299:Johann Christian Konrad von Hofmann
13:
1944:Adiaphoristic controversies (first
1585:
1329:Theodor Friedrich Dethlof Kliefoth
166:Apology of the Augsburg Confession
14:
3037:
3016:History of Lutheranism in Germany
2464:Wilhelm Martin Leberecht de Wette
1540:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
1383:of 1917, exactly 100 years after
1333:August Friedrich Christian Vilmar
1493:10.1163/1877-5888_rpp_COM_024078
1404:
1341:August Friedrich Otto Münchmeyer
1287:Franz Hermann Reinhold von Frank
212:Distinctive theological concepts
38:
3006:Christian theological movements
2873:Australia / New Guinea
1379:in 1918, inspired by 95 theses
1591:Lee II, James Ambrose (2022).
1569:"Lutheran Theology After 1580"
1533:
1499:
1472:
1190:, with a renewed focus on the
636:John Christian Frederick Heyer
491:International Lutheran Council
1:
2370:Christoph Friedrich von Ammon
1881:Colloquy of Worms (1540–1541)
1465:
2895:Lutheran Church of Australia
1303:Karl Friedrich August Kahnis
900:Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder
661:Hans Paludan Smith Schreuder
7:
2459:Karl Gottlieb Bretschneider
1875:Augsburg Confession Variata
1724:Denmark–Norway and Holstein
1397:
1216:Evangelische Kirchenzeitung
300:Priesthood of all believers
10:
3042:
2637:Zillertal Valley expulsion
2347:Friedrich Gottlieb Süskind
2326:Johann Christoph Döderlein
1506:Scherer, James A. (1993).
1445:Charles Porterfield Krauth
1337:Johann Konrad Wilhelm Löhe
1320:
1259:Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg
1220:Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg
1182:The movement followed the
1043:Charles Porterfield Krauth
1008:Johannes Andreas Quenstedt
621:Johann Heinrich Callenberg
2958:
2903:
2872:
2821:
2812:
2765:
2697:
2654:
2645:
2572:
2509:
2502:
2485:Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi
2472:
2446:
2403:
2360:
2334:
2306:
2295:
2250:
2174:
2110:
2094:
2049:
1988:
1961:Greek Augsburg Confession
1865:
1858:
1756:
1716:
1708:Nuremberg Religious Peace
1658:
1651:
1640:
1485:Religion Past and Present
1460:Andreas Gottlob Rudelbach
496:Lutheran World Federation
483:Global Confessional &
222:Theology of Martin Luther
3001:19th-century Lutheranism
2966:Confessional Lutheranism
2490:Friedrich Schleiermacher
2433:Richard Adelbert Lipsius
2428:Ferdinand Christian Baur
1921:Colloquy of Worms (1557)
1307:Christoph Ernst Luthardt
1279:Confessional Lutheranism
1271:Friedrich Adolf Philippi
753:Johann Phillip Fabricius
626:Johann Phillip Fabricius
584:Confessional Lutheranism
485:Missional Lutheran Forum
474:Confessional Evangelical
291:Two states of the Church
61:Start of the Reformation
2996:19th century in Germany
2480:Johann Gottfried Herder
2342:Gottlob Christian Storr
1521:: 71–78. Archived from
1430:Fredrik Gabriel Hedberg
1373:High Church Lutheranism
1347:, who had particularly
1323:High Church Lutheranism
1317:High Church Lutheranism
1173:theological rationalism
857:Norwegian Bible Society
839:Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen
745:Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg
671:Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen
611:Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg
2454:Franz Volkmar Reinhard
2352:Johann Friedrich Flatt
2321:Johann David Michaelis
2131:Colloquy of Mumpelgart
1690:Protestation at Speyer
1670:Heidelberg Disputation
1345:Friedrich Julius Stahl
1255:University at Erlangen
1247:historical Lutheranism
1028:August Hermann Francke
872:Stanislovas Rapolionis
867:Samuel Ludwik Zasadius
735:Kristian Osvald Viderø
524:History of Lutheranism
1873:Dissemination of the
1695:Articles of Schwabach
1685:Diet of Speyer (1529)
1549:Catholic Encyclopedia
1208:Roman Catholic Church
1156:which began with the
862:Swedish Bible Society
786:Guðbrandur Þorláksson
579:High church Lutherans
506:Lutheranism by region
404:Anointing of the Sick
339:Other relevant topics
322:Theology of the Cross
84:Doctrine and theology
2722:J. C. K. von Hofmann
2707:G. C. A. von Harless
2612:Lars Levi Laestadius
2316:Johann Salomo Semler
2278:Salzburg Protestants
2151:Matthias Hafenreffer
2041:John the Magnanimous
2011:Cyriacus Spangenberg
1959:Presentation of the
1816:Nicolaus von Amsdorf
1700:Presentation of the
1574:Christian Cyclopedia
1528:on October 20, 2005.
1420:Evangelical Catholic
1196:Evangelical-Catholic
1192:Lutheran Confessions
1038:Lars Levi Laestadius
1013:Johann Wilhelm Baier
810:Nils Vibe Stockfleth
781:Johannes Avetaranian
666:Lars Olsen Skrefsrud
444:Lutheran hymnwriters
2829:Old Lutheran schism
2785:A. F. O. Münchmeyer
2717:Gottfried Thomasius
2335:Old Tübingen school
1975:Liturgical struggle
1938:Magdeburg Centuries
1936:Publication of the
1926:Counter-Reformation
1796:Argula von Grumbach
1781:Johannes Bugenhagen
1702:Augsburg Confession
1543:"Lutheranism"
1455:Herman Amberg Preus
1412:Christianity portal
1394:and his followers.
1311:Gottfried Thomasius
1103:Wolfhart Pannenberg
1098:Dietrich Bonhoeffer
953:Johannes Bugenhagen
791:Ludvig Olsen Fossum
476:Lutheran Conference
449:Normative principle
429:Liturgical calendar
157:Augsburg Confession
2885:Gotthard Fritzsche
2747:F. H. R. von Frank
2737:Theodosius Harnack
2664:E. W. Hengstenberg
2627:N. F. S. Grundtvig
2622:Carl Olof Rosenius
2597:Paavo Ruotsalainen
2587:Hans Nielsen Hauge
2375:Julius Wegscheider
2166:Stephan Praetorius
2141:Nikolaus Selnecker
2118:Acceptance of the
2026:Victorinus Strigel
1996:Philip Melanchthon
1969:Formula of Concord
1891:Regensburg Interim
1886:Diet of Regensburg
1846:Frederick the Wise
1836:Stephan Praetorius
1821:Laurentius Andreae
1776:Philip Melanchthon
1771:Katharina von Bora
1664:Ninety-five Theses
1450:Ludwig Adolf Petri
1291:Theodosius Harnack
1253:coming out of the
1212:Johann Adam Möhler
948:Philip Melanchthon
943:Katharina von Bora
920:Johann Ernst Glück
880:Laurentius Andreae
771:George Constantine
715:Casiodoro de Reina
539:Lutheran orthodoxy
434:Calendar of saints
203:Formula of Concord
3026:Lutheran revivals
3021:Lutheran theology
2983:
2982:
2979:
2978:
2954:
2953:
2854:H. E. F. Guericke
2808:
2807:
2679:Carl Paul Caspari
2602:Finnish Awakening
2498:
2497:
2418:Philip Marheineke
2390:Adolf von Harnack
2291:
2290:
2263:Christian Scriver
2242:Thirty Years' War
2090:
2089:
2031:Johannes Agricola
1916:Peace of Augsburg
1854:
1853:
1841:Johann Pfeffinger
1801:Petrus Särkilahti
1752:
1751:
1515:Missio Apostolica
1481:"Neo-Lutheranism"
1392:Adolf von Harnack
1367:over the Word as
1263:Carl Paul Caspari
1200:Anglo-Catholicism
1147:
1146:
1053:Søren Kierkegaard
703:Bible Translators
681:Paul Olaf Bodding
564:Finnish Awakening
354:
353:
330:Sacramental Union
309:Divine Providence
186:Smalcald Articles
3033:
2931:C. F. W. Walther
2926:F. C. D. Wyneken
2859:G. P. E. Huschke
2819:
2818:
2795:Theodor Kliefoth
2712:J. W. F. Höfling
2652:
2651:
2507:
2506:
2395:Wilhelm Herrmann
2385:Albrecht Ritschl
2380:Wilhelm Gesenius
2304:
2303:
2232:Johannes Musaeus
2217:Johann Hülsemann
2207:Jesper Brochmand
2202:Nicolaus Hunnius
2192:Abraham Calovius
2161:Aegidius Hunnius
2108:
2107:
2082:Crypto-Lutherans
2077:Gnesio-Lutherans
2057:Crypto-Calvinism
2036:Andreas Osiander
2021:Andreas Musculus
2016:Joachim Westphal
2001:Matthias Flacius
1901:Augsburg Interim
1896:Schmalkaldic War
1863:
1862:
1831:Laurentius Petri
1811:Stephan Agricola
1680:Marburg Colloquy
1656:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1623:
1616:
1609:
1600:
1599:
1579:
1578:
1565:
1554:
1553:
1545:
1537:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1512:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1476:
1414:
1409:
1408:
1381:Stimuli et Clavi
1357:invisible church
1275:C. F. W. Walther
1240:Irish bishoprics
1139:
1132:
1125:
1063:Wilhelm Herrmann
1058:Albrecht Ritschl
1048:C. F. W. Walther
1033:Henry Muhlenberg
1003:Abraham Calovius
988:Matthias Flacius
973:Laurentius Petri
910:Mikołaj Jakubica
905:Antonio Brucioli
819:Laurentius Petri
696:Jens Christensen
691:Christian Keyser
656:F. C. D. Wyneken
534:Gnesio-Lutherans
529:Crypto-Lutherans
137:Athanasian Creed
88:
87:
42:
19:
18:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3031:
3030:
2986:
2985:
2984:
2975:
2950:
2941:F. W. Stellhorn
2916:J. A. A. Grabau
2899:
2868:
2849:Henrik Steffens
2804:
2800:Heinrich Hansen
2775:A. F. C. Vilmar
2761:
2732:K. F. A. Kahnis
2727:Franz Delitzsch
2693:
2641:
2568:
2494:
2468:
2442:
2438:Otto Pfleiderer
2399:
2356:
2330:
2287:
2246:
2222:J. C. Dannhauer
2212:Salomo Glassius
2187:J. A. Quenstedt
2170:
2156:Leonhard Hutter
2146:David Chytraeus
2126:Martin Chemnitz
2120:Book of Concord
2103:
2099:
2086:
2062:Sacramentarians
2045:
2006:Nicolaus Gallus
1984:
1967:Signing of the
1911:Peace of Passau
1906:Leipzig Interim
1850:
1806:Mikael Agricola
1748:
1712:
1643:
1636:
1627:
1588:
1586:Further reading
1583:
1582:
1567:
1566:
1557:
1538:
1534:
1525:
1510:
1504:
1500:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1410:
1403:
1400:
1325:
1319:
1295:Franz Delitzsch
1251:Erlangen School
1228:
1150:Neo-Lutheranism
1143:
1114:
1113:
1112:
1083:Rudolf Bultmann
1078:Ernst Troeltsch
1068:F. W. Stellhorn
993:Martin Chemnitz
983:Mikael Agricola
929:
925:William F. Beck
895:Jonas Bretkūnas
853:
849:Mikael Agricola
844:Sebastian Krelj
824:Martti Rautanen
761:William Tyndale
749:
720:Kjell Magne Yri
700:
646:Martti Rautanen
597:
589:
588:
549:Radical Pietism
519:
511:
510:
487:
484:
478:
475:
468:
460:
459:
458:
373:
372:
356:
355:
334:
318:
314:Marian theology
304:
295:
286:
272:
258:
240:
226:
206:
199:
190:
178:Large Catechism
170:
161:
147:Book of Concord
141:
127:Apostles' Creed
111:
85:
77:
76:
75:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3039:
3029:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2968:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2921:Wilhelm Sihler
2918:
2913:
2911:Martin Stephan
2907:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2844:Eduard Huschke
2841:
2839:J. G. Scheibel
2836:
2831:
2825:
2823:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2771:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2742:C. E. Luthardt
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2703:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2669:F. A. Philippi
2666:
2660:
2658:
2656:Repristination
2649:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2634:
2632:August Tholuck
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2578:
2576:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2544:J. W. Petersen
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2515:
2513:
2504:
2500:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2476:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2450:
2448:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2409:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2366:
2364:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2312:
2310:
2301:
2293:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2197:Georg Calixtus
2194:
2189:
2184:
2182:Johann Gerhard
2178:
2176:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2114:
2112:
2105:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1964:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1869:
1867:
1860:
1856:
1855:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1786:Johannes Brenz
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1762:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1720:
1718:
1717:Reformation in
1714:
1713:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1675:Leipzig Debate
1672:
1667:
1659:
1653:
1646:
1638:
1637:
1626:
1625:
1618:
1611:
1603:
1597:
1596:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1555:
1532:
1498:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1399:
1396:
1369:Means of Grace
1321:Main article:
1318:
1315:
1232:Prussian Union
1227:
1224:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1141:
1134:
1127:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1018:Philipp Spener
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
998:Johann Gerhard
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
958:Johannes Brenz
955:
950:
945:
935:
928:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
890:Olaf M. Norlie
887:
882:
876:
875:
874:
869:
864:
859:
852:
851:
846:
841:
836:
834:Jurij Dalmatin
831:
826:
821:
812:
807:
805:Otto Fabricius
802:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
757:
756:
755:
748:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
725:Onesimos Nesib
722:
717:
712:
706:
699:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
676:Onesimos Nesib
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
651:Wilhelm Sihler
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
606:John Campanius
602:
598:
595:
594:
591:
590:
587:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
561:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
520:
517:
516:
513:
512:
509:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
481:
479:
472:
469:
466:
465:
462:
461:
457:
456:
451:
446:
441:
436:
431:
426:
421:
416:
414:Divine Service
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
375:
374:
371:
370:
363:
362:
361:
358:
357:
352:
351:
350:
349:
341:
340:
336:
335:
333:
332:
326:
325:
324:
317:
316:
311:
305:
303:
302:
296:
294:
293:
287:
285:
284:
279:
273:
271:
270:
268:Sanctification
265:
259:
257:
256:
253:Sola scriptura
249:
241:
239:
238:
236:Law and Gospel
233:
227:
225:
224:
218:
215:
214:
208:
207:
205:
200:
198:
197:
191:
189:
188:
182:
181:
180:
174:Luther's Small
169:
168:
162:
160:
159:
153:
150:
149:
143:
142:
140:
139:
134:
129:
123:
120:
119:
113:
112:
110:
109:
104:
98:
95:
94:
86:
83:
82:
79:
78:
74:
73:
68:
63:
58:
52:
51:
48:
47:
44:
43:
35:
34:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3038:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2972:
2971:Homosexuality
2969:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2904:United States
2902:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2890:Johann Flierl
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2871:
2865:
2864:Free churches
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2811:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2790:J. K. W. Löhe
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2764:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2690:
2689:L .A. Gotwald
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2674:F. G. Hedberg
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2617:Laestadianism
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2575:
2571:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2554:J. F. Buddeus
2552:
2550:
2549:A. H. Francke
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2534:J. V. Andreae
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2519:Martin Moller
2517:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2505:
2501:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2445:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2423:David Strauss
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2359:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2298:or critical
2296:Speculative
2294:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2268:V. E. Löscher
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2258:David Hollatz
2256:
2255:
2253:
2249:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2136:Jakob Andreae
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2093:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2072:Ubiquitarians
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1987:
1981:
1980:Uppsala Synod
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1876:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1861:
1859:Early turmoil
1857:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1766:Martin Luther
1764:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1639:
1635:
1631:
1624:
1619:
1617:
1612:
1610:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1594:
1590:
1589:
1576:
1575:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1551:
1550:
1544:
1536:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1509:
1502:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1475:
1471:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1435:Gisle Johnson
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1407:
1402:
1395:
1393:
1388:
1387:' 95 theses.
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1324:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1267:Gisle Johnson
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1236:Tractarianism
1233:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1140:
1135:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1109:
1108:Robert Jenson
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1093:Hermann Sasse
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
940:
939:Martin Luther
937:
936:
934:
933:
926:
923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
877:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
855:
854:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
829:Primož Trubar
827:
825:
822:
820:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
776:Jozef Roháček
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
758:
754:
751:
750:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
710:Martin Luther
708:
707:
705:
704:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
686:Johann Flierl
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
603:
601:
593:
592:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
574:Neo-Lutherans
572:
570:
569:Old Lutherans
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
521:
515:
514:
507:
504:
502:
501:Denominations
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
486:
480:
477:
471:
470:
464:
463:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
440:
439:Lutheran hymn
437:
435:
432:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
376:
368:
365:
364:
360:
359:
348:
347:Homosexuality
345:
344:
343:
342:
338:
337:
331:
328:
327:
323:
320:
319:
315:
312:
310:
307:
306:
301:
298:
297:
292:
289:
288:
283:
280:
278:
275:
274:
269:
266:
264:
261:
260:
255:
254:
250:
248:
247:
243:
242:
237:
234:
232:
231:Justification
229:
228:
223:
220:
219:
217:
216:
213:
210:
209:
204:
201:
196:
193:
192:
187:
184:
183:
179:
175:
172:
171:
167:
164:
163:
158:
155:
154:
152:
151:
148:
145:
144:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
124:
122:
121:
118:
115:
114:
108:
107:New Testament
105:
103:
102:Old Testament
100:
99:
97:
96:
93:
90:
89:
81:
80:
72:
71:Protestantism
69:
67:
64:
62:
59:
57:
54:
53:
46:
45:
41:
37:
36:
33:
30:
29:
25:
21:
20:
2880:August Kavel
2814:Old Lutheran
2757:Werner Elert
2752:Paul Althaus
2684:C. P. Krauth
2647:Neo-Lutheran
2646:
2582:J. G. Hamann
2559:J. A. Bengel
2539:P. J. Spener
2524:Johann Arndt
2473:Transitional
2297:
2119:
1968:
1960:
1937:
1874:
1791:Justus Jonas
1701:
1662:
1642:Start of the
1592:
1572:
1547:
1535:
1523:the original
1518:
1514:
1501:
1484:
1474:
1389:
1362:
1355:
1352:ecclesiology
1326:
1250:
1244:
1229:
1218:, edited by
1215:
1184:Old Lutheran
1181:
1168:
1161:
1149:
1148:
1088:Paul Tillich
1023:David Hollaz
963:Justus Jonas
941: /
931:
930:
915:Matthias Bel
817: /
798: /
702:
701:
600:Missionaries
599:
573:
467:Organization
454:Lutheran art
394:Confirmation
277:Two kingdoms
251:
244:
176: /
132:Nicene Creed
56:Christianity
2936:H. A. Preus
2780:F. J. Stahl
2767:High Church
2607:Claus Harms
2564:G. C. Knapp
2529:Jakob Böhme
2273:J. M. Goeze
2237:J. W. Baier
2227:J. F. König
2067:Philippists
1826:Olaus Petri
1644:Reformation
1634:Lutheranism
1440:U. V. Koren
1385:Claus Harms
1283:Reformation
1154:Lutheranism
1073:Rudolf Otto
978:Olaus Petri
968:Hans Tausen
932:Theologians
885:Hans Tausen
815:Olaus Petri
766:John Rogers
730:Aster Ganno
631:Paul Henkel
596:Key figures
559:Laestadians
409:Holy Orders
369:and worship
282:catholicity
263:Christology
246:Sola gratia
66:Reformation
32:Lutheranism
2990:Categories
2834:Background
2592:Haugeanism
2300:theologies
2101:Scholastic
1466:References
1365:sacraments
1206:". In the
1188:Christians
800:Paul Egede
796:Hans Egede
740:Jákup Dahl
641:Karl Graul
616:Hans Egede
389:Confession
367:Sacraments
49:Background
2574:Awakening
2413:Karl Daub
1758:Reformers
1169:Awakening
1163:Erweckung
518:Movements
399:Matrimony
384:Eucharist
3011:Erlangen
2699:Erlangen
2503:Revivals
2447:Moderate
2405:Hegelian
2308:Wolffian
2283:Landlers
2096:Orthodox
2050:Factions
1398:See also
1204:Puseyism
1160:-driven
554:Haugeans
544:Pietists
24:a series
22:Part of
2959:Present
2822:Germany
2511:Pietist
2362:Kantian
2104:periods
1949:second)
1739:Iceland
1734:Germany
1729:Finland
1630:History
1177:pietism
1158:Pietist
424:Vespers
379:Baptism
1989:People
1866:Events
1744:Sweden
1652:Events
1577:, LCMS
1343:, and
1309:, and
419:Matins
117:Creeds
2111:Early
1526:(PDF)
1511:(PDF)
92:Bible
2251:Late
2175:High
1349:high
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