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misfortune of women who have miscarried or had to abort a pregnancy. American religious scholars have criticized the temples for allegedly abusing the
Japanese belief that the spirits of the dead retaliate for their mistreatment, but other scholars believe the temples are only answering the needs of the people.
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in the context of demographic change associated with modernization – rising population, urbanization, and decreasing family size – together with changing attitudes towards sexuality, which occurred first in Japan, and then in Taiwan, hence the similar response and Taiwan's taking inspiration from Japan.
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The modern
Taiwanese practice emerged in the mid-1970s and grew significantly in popularity in the 1980s; it draws both from traditional antecedents dating back to the Han dynasty, and the Japanese practice, and is popularly perceived as a practice imported from Japan. These modern practices emerged
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to offer Jizō statues for a fee, which are then dressed in red bibs and caps, and displayed in the temple yard. Though the practice has been performed since the 1970s, there are still doubts surrounding the ritual. Some view the memorial service as the temples' way of benefiting from the
71:. It is also practiced in Thailand and China. This practice has become particularly visible since the 1970s with the creation of shrines devoted solely to this ritual. Reasons for the performance of these rites can include parental grief, desire to comfort the soul of the
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The ceremony is attended by both parents or by one, not necessarily the mother. The service can vary from a single event to one that repeats monthly or annually. Though the service varies, common aspects resemble the ceremony for the recent dead, the
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Religions in the modern world : traditions and transformations. Woodhead, Linda, Partridge, Christopher H. (Christopher Hugh), 1961-, Kawanami, Hiroko, (Third ed.). Abingdon, Oxon.
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Sutra", are performed, as are calls of praise to Jizō. Gifts are offered to the Buddha on behalf of the mourned, typically food, drink, incense or flowers. A
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Rethinking the
Practice of Mizuko Kuyo in Contemporary Japan: Interviews with Practitioners at a Buddhist Temple in Tokyo
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is given to the deceased, and a statue of Jizō is often placed on temple grounds upon completion of the ceremony.
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181:(先祖供養). The priest faces the altar and evokes the names of various Buddhas and bodhisattvas.
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Buddhism and
Abortion in Contemporary Japan: Mizuko Kuyo and the Confrontation with Death
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Japanese ceremony for those who have had a miscarriage, stillbirth, or abortion
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A similar practice is found in contemporary Taiwan, where it is known as
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The
Haunting Fetus: Abortion, Sexuality, and the Spirit World in Taiwan.
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practice. Specific elements of the ceremony vary from temple to temple,
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The
Haunting Fetus: Abortion, Sexuality, and the Spirit World in Taiwan
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The
Haunting Fetus: Abortion, Sexuality, and the Spirit World in Taiwan
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280:"Mizuko Kuyo: The Japanese Ritual of Mourning The Unborn | Flopmee"
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Mourning the unborn dead : a
Buddhist ritual comes to America
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typically performed by
Buddhist priests, was used to make
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reading of the same characters, the term was originally a
103:(供養) refers to a memorial service. Previously read
496:(Vol. 7). (University of California Press, 1997).
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316:(in Japanese). Tokyo: Kodansha.
447:Review of Moskowitz, Marc L.,
411:. University of Hawaii Press.
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372:119–47. Retrieved 2006-04-02.
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364:Page Brookes, Anne. (1981).
191:and the 25th chapter of the
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121:given after death. The
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260:Perinatal bereavement
55:meaning "water child
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245:Noble Eightfold Path
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552:Ceremonies in Japan
537:– Funeral of mizuko
468:The China Quarterly
445:Charles B. Jones,
388:2007-12-12 at the
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521:. OCLC 916409066.
509:978-0-19-537193-2
255:Reproductive loss
250:Abortion in Japan
220:yingling gongyang
207:Similar practices
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193:Lotus Sutra
188:Heart Sutra
158:mizuko kuyō
147:infanticide
135:bodhisattva
119:dharma name
61:miscarriage
42:Mizuko kuyō
28:statues at
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429:2012-10-14
351:0791407586
266:References
211:See also:
179:senzo kuyō
139:Edo period
65:stillbirth
127:offerings
386:Archived
309:(2002).
229:See also
162:Buddhist
151:abortion
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183:Mantras
170:temples
141:, when
110:on'yomi
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201:kaimyō
143:famine
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83:Mizuko
472:JSTOR
314:霊はあるか
105:suiji
73:fetus
67:, or
34:Tokyo
515:ISBN
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413:ISBN
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305:安斎育郎
149:and
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131:Jizō
101:Kuyō
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