288:, were vassals of the Mbayá, a relationship that, according to Spanish accounts, existed in 1548, and possibly much earlier. The Guaná were agricultural and pedestrian as opposed to the nomadic Mbayá who became equestrians by the early 17th century. In the early 18th century the Guaná lived in seven large villages of 1,000 or more people on the western side of the Paraguay River between 19 and 22 south latitudes. Later in the 18th century, some of them migrated along with the Mbayá east of the Paraguay River. They were estimated, perhaps generously, in the early 18th century to have numbered 18,000 to 30,000. In 1793 they numbered about 8,200.
205:
137:
636:
248:
995:
240:
The response of the
Jesuits was to capture by subterfuge 500 Mbayá warriors and disperse them to other missions. For the next 30 years, until 1793, the Mbayá menaced the Santo Corazon area, reduced the settlement to impotence, and retained effective control of the Bolivian Chaco. Not until the 1870s was a road fashioned across the northern Chaco from Santa Cruz to
268:(1864-1870), the Mbayá, especially the Kadiweu band, fought on the Brazilian side. They were both praised for bravery and condemned for a "limitless ardor for plunder" by Brazilian officers. They suffered heavy casualties from battle and disease. One Brazilian general said that Brazil owed its continued control of the southern Mato Grosso to the Mbayá.
220:. They both raided and traded with the Spanish, often making peace with one town or region while attacking another. From 1651 to 1756, the Mbayá were a severe threat to the Spanish in Paraguay, the eastern and southern bands making an uneasy peace with the Spanish in the latter year. The first moderately successful
239:
people. The mission had the political objective of finding and securing a land route from
Spanish settlements in Bolivia to those in Paraguay. After a military expedition organized by the Jesuits against the Mbayás initiated hostilities, the Mbayá killed a Jesuit priest and many Chiquitos in 1763.
255:
Located on the frontier between
Portuguese Brazil and Spanish Paraguay, the Mbayá also raided the Portuguese, although they made peace with them in 1791. Ranchers in Paraguay in 1796 killed 300 indigenous peoples, including eleven Mbayá chiefs, thus breaking the long-standing peace agreement between
271:
During and after the war, a smallpox epidemic decimated their population and with the influx of large numbers of
Brazilian settlers, the Mbayá lost their lands and became laborers and ranch hands. In 1870 some of the Kadiwéu band of the Mbayá moved to Argentina where their descendants number 1,000.
291:
The Guaná provided Mbayá chiefs with labor, agricultural products, textiles, and wives and in exchange were given protection and
European goods such as iron tools by the Mbayá. The cultures of the Guaná and Mbayá slowly became more similar as the Mbayá adopted agriculture and weaving and the Guaná
119:
The Mbayá were nomads. With horses captured from the
Spanish, the Mbayá developed an equestrian culture by about 1600 and were a serious threat to Spanish and Portuguese settlers, missionaries, and governments in Paraguay, Bolivia, and Brazil until near the late 19th century. They also raided and
260:
province, Brazil. The
Portuguese and the newly independent Brazilians provided them with arms and ammunition and bought the cattle and horses they stole from Paraguayan ranches. By the 1840s, however, the Brazilians were trying to force the Mbayá to live in permanent settlements, but with little
148:
The terms Mbayá and
Guaycuru were synonymous to the early Spanish colonists. Guaycuru came to be the collective name applied to all the ethnic groups speaking similar languages, called Guaycuruan, while the name Mbayá referred more narrowly to several loosely-organized bands of the northern Gran
176:
peoples and the
Spanish agreed to help protect them. The expedition was a success, but helped create the enduring animosity between the Mbayá and Spanish. Over the next century, the Mbayá acquired by theft or trade horses and iron tools and weapons from the Spanish and became more threatening,
296:, by intermarriage with Guaná and captive women of other ethnic groups. Spanish chroniclers describe the Guaná as docile. The Mbayá, arrogant and ethnocentric, were described by Spanish chroniclers as surprisingly benign and respectful in dealing with their Guaná subjects.
272:
The
Kadiweu or Caduveo band also survives in Brazil. As a reward for their military service, in 1903 the Brazilian government granted them an expanse of territory in Mato Grosso do Sul where about 1,400 of them live.
256:
Mbayá and Paraguayans. The Mbayá responded by raiding settlements and aiding the Portuguese in their conflicts with the Spanish and the Paraguayans. By 1800, most of the Mbayá had moved east of the Paraguay River to
231:
However, the Mbayá were never politically united. While some made peace with the Paraguayans, in the northern Chaco the Mbayá bands contested Spanish authorities and Jesuits expanding out of
413:
Gott, pp. 19-20; Martinez, Cecilia Gabriela (Jan-Jun 2017), "Cavaleiros versus Flecheros: Thirty years of chiquito-guaycurú war on the Spanish-Portuguese border (1763-1793)",
624:
468:
Gott, pp. 133-136; Martinez, Cecilia Gabrield (2017), "Cavaleiros versus Flecheros: Treinta años de guerra chiquito-gaycurú en la frontera luso-española (1763-1793)",
983:
617:
235:, Bolivia. The Santo Corazon mission, established in 1760, was the most easterly of the Bolivian missions and initially had a population of 2,287
961:
2196:
602:
610:
976:
116:
language. They were "formidable" fighters and "kept the Europeans – settlers and priests alike – at bay" for more than 300 years.
1693:
770:
760:
391:
Saeger, James Schofield (2008), "Warfare, Reorganization, and Readaptation at the Margins of Spanish Rule--the Chaco and Paraguay,"
839:
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50:
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844:
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834:
161:
152:
When first in contact with Spanish explorers in the early decades of the 16th century, the Mbayá lived north of the
745:
991:
880:
640:
17:
890:
652:
632:
999:
1758:
212:
The Mbayá and other Guaycuruan groups developed a horse culture, similar in many respects to that of the
149:
Chaco. In the 18th century, the Spanish believed that the Mbayá numbered seven to eight thousand people.
1110:
775:
1367:
305:
2047:
1607:
31:
1288:
916:
232:
225:
2105:
1461:
849:
802:
77:, a name later used generically for all the nomadic and semi-nomadic indigenous peoples of the
1673:
1377:
937:
436:
292:
became equestrian. The Mbayá augmented their numbers, strictly limited by late marriages and
2043:
1017:
819:
198:
2123:
1090:
8:
1836:
885:
875:
797:
720:
545:
1450:
430:
112:. Possibly the two peoples were nearly the same in the 16th century.) The Mbayá spoke a
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1831:
257:
204:
66:
2095:
1931:
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1861:
1382:
2067:
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1826:
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82:
35:
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74:
2131:
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1627:
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1397:
1326:
1258:
1223:
2157:
2136:
1911:
1856:
1650:
1520:
393:
The Cambridge History of the Native Peoples of the Americas, Vol 3, South America
285:
153:
141:
73:. They have also been called Caduveo. In the 16th century the Mbayá were called
2014:
2009:
1999:
1841:
1778:
1341:
710:
324:
228:, thus beginning a process of absorbing them into the population of Paraguay.
2004:
1956:
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1816:
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1487:
1407:
1273:
1238:
373:, Smithsonian Institution, Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., p. 215
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2019:
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217:
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1951:
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562:
1042:
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allies launched a large military operation against the Mbayá northeast of
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735:
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169:
1961:
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354:
Land without Evil: Utopian Journeys Across the South American Watershed
136:
113:
93:
78:
1891:
1708:
1578:
1422:
1347:
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1303:
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1037:
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241:
185:. In 1661, some of the Mbayá migrated east of the river, destroyed a
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109:
1989:
1683:
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1492:
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1372:
1208:
1057:
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Guaycuru (probably Mbayá) at war in Brazil in the early 19th century.
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429:
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mission among the Mbayá was established in 1760 east of the city of
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128:, who lived along the Paraguay River and had a riverine culture.
62:
1971:
1313:
705:
1871:
1821:
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70:
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1619:
1525:
1198:
561:, Austin: University of Texas Press, p. 38. Downloaded from
140:
The Mbayá lived west of the Paraguay River and north of the
1015:
546:
http://www.everyculture.com/South-America/Kadiw-u.html
341:
The Chaco Mission Frontier: The Guaycuruan Experience
92:'people of the palm', a reference to the abundant
596:Cambridge: Harvard University Press, pp. 394-395.
415:Americania. Revista de Estudios Latinoamericanos,
193:, and displaced the Guarani in the old region of
85:of Brazil are the surviving branch of the Mbayá.
2178:
594:Red Gold: The Conquest of the Brazilian Indians,
470:Americania: Revista de Estudios Latinoamericanos
395:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 258.
120:subjugated other indigenous groups, notably the
197:, located southwest of the present day city of
30:"Mbyá" redirects here. Not to be confused with
977:
618:
172:. The Myabá had been raiding the sedentary
160:. In 1542, the Spanish Governor of Paraguay
343:, Tucson: University of Arizona Press, p. 5
108:, a name more often applied to the related
53:which formerly ranged on both sides of the
984:
970:
625:
611:
427:
124:. They were generally friendly with the
246:
203:
135:
14:
2179:
214:indigenous peoples of the Great Plains
2040:
1755:
1604:
1014:
965:
606:
420:
2197:Indigenous peoples of the Gran Chaco
440:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
318:
24:
953:Category:Ethnic groups in Paraguay
367:Handbook of South American Indians
251:Kadiwéu girl in Brazil about 1892.
65:, and in the adjacent province of
51:indigenous people of South America
27:Indigenous people of South America
25:
2208:
557:Santos-Granero, Fernando (2009),
428:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
96:in their home country. (The name
993:
634:
365:Steward, Julian H., ed. (1946),
339:Saeger, James Schofield (2000),
88:The Mbayá called themselves the
57:, on the north and northwestern
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551:
538:
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520:
511:
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493:
484:
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462:
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444:
417:, pp. 333-334; Steward, p. 215.
2187:Indigenous peoples in Paraguay
407:
398:
385:
376:
359:
346:
333:
13:
1:
2192:Indigenous peoples in Brazil
284:and Layaná), speakers of an
275:
181:who lived eastward from the
7:
583:Saegar, pp. 18, 87-88, 116.
299:
156:on the western side of the
10:
2213:
2042:Indigenous peoples of the
1757:Indigenous peoples of the
1606:Indigenous peoples of the
1016:Indigenous peoples of the
526:Foote et al., pp. 168-171.
328:Povos Indígenos no Brasil.
162:Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
131:
29:
2150:
2122:
2104:
2076:
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1980:
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1071:
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651:
508:Foote et al, pp. 163-166.
306:Paraguayan Indigenous art
535:Foote et al, pp. 168-172
325:"Kadiwéu: Introduction."
311:
280:The Guaná, (also called
34:. For the language, see
548:, accessed 27 Nov 2017.
404:Saeger (2000), pp. 5-6.
356:, London: Verso, p. 48.
233:Santa Cruz de la Sierra
189:mission, also called a
641:Ancestry and ethnicity
592:Hemming, John (1978),
499:Santos-Granero, p. 38.
352:Gott, Richard (1993),
330:(retrieved 3 Dec 2011)
252:
209:
145:
100:is similar to that of
574:Steward, pp. 239-240.
517:Steward, pp. 216-217.
472:, No. 5, pp. 330-340.
459:Saegar (2000), p. 30.
437:Catholic Encyclopedia
431:"Mbaya Indians"
382:Saeger (2000), p. 34.
250:
207:
139:
490:Foote et al, p. 163.
226:Concepción, Paraguay
199:Campo Grande, Brazil
1759:Central-West Region
371:The Marginal Tribes
32:Mbyá Guaraní people
1982:Mato Grosso do Sul
1000:Indigenous peoples
258:Mato Grosso do Sul
253:
210:
177:especially to the
146:
144:in the Gran Chaco.
67:Mato Grosso do Sul
61:frontier, eastern
2174:
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2166:
2165:
2048:Southeast Regions
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16:(Redirected from
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36:Mbayá language
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2018:
2016:
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2011:
2008:
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1991:
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1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1289:White Indians
1287:
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1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
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1257:
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729:
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724:
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628:
623:
621:
616:
614:
609:
608:
605:
595:
589:
580:
571:
564:
560:
559:Vital Enemies
554:
547:
541:
532:
523:
514:
505:
496:
487:
481:Gott, p. 141.
478:
471:
465:
456:
447:
439:
438:
432:
423:
416:
410:
401:
394:
388:
379:
372:
368:
362:
355:
349:
342:
336:
329:
326:
321:
317:
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297:
295:
289:
287:
283:
273:
269:
267:
262:
259:
249:
245:
243:
238:
234:
229:
227:
223:
219:
218:North America
215:
206:
202:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
150:
143:
138:
129:
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117:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
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91:
86:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
37:
33:
19:
2078:Minas Gerais
1837:Enawene Nawe
1779:Avá-Canoeiro
1388:Suruí (Pará)
1018:North Region
721:Pai Tavytera
593:
588:
579:
570:
563:Project MUSE
558:
553:
540:
531:
522:
513:
504:
495:
486:
477:
469:
464:
455:
446:
435:
422:
414:
409:
400:
392:
387:
378:
370:
366:
361:
353:
348:
340:
335:
327:
320:
290:
279:
270:
263:
254:
230:
211:
151:
147:
118:
105:
101:
97:
89:
87:
46:
42:
40:
18:Mbayá people
1832:Cinta Larga
1794:Mato Grosso
1457:Cinta Larga
1229:Pira-tapuya
1219:Parintintín
938:Australians
917:Venezuelans
544:"Kadiweu",
98:Eyiguayegis
90:Eyiguayegis
2181:Categories
2151:Widespread
2068:Tupiniquim
1962:Yawalapiti
1897:Nambikwara
1827:Chiquitano
1727:Pernambuco
1464:(Rondônia)
1453:(Rondônia)
907:Brazilians
850:Ukrainians
815:Hungarians
803:Mennonites
653:Indigenous
369:, Vol. 1,
261:success.
114:Guaycuruan
94:palm trees
79:Gran Chaco
2124:São Paulo
1990:Chamacoco
1917:Rikbaktsa
1887:Munduruku
1717:Potiguara
1684:Guajajara
1674:Awá-Guajá
1551:Tocantins
1531:Wapishana
1473:Karitiana
1378:Parkatêjê
1373:Munduruku
1368:Kỳikatêjê
1209:Munduruku
1058:Machinere
1043:Asháninka
866:Armenians
783:Croatians
761:Austrians
676:Chamacoco
276:The Guaná
237:Chiquitos
191:reduction
2158:Kaingang
2137:Kaingang
2096:Xakriabá
1932:Tapirapé
1927:Tapayúna
1862:Kamayurá
1857:Kalapalo
1666:Maranhão
1651:Tabajara
1574:Tapirapé
1541:Ye'kuana
1536:Yanomami
1521:Patamona
1433:Rondônia
1403:Turiwára
1383:Parakanã
1299:Yanomami
1269:Turiwára
1249:Tenharim
1169:Jamamadi
1139:Barasana
1119:Amahuaca
1111:Amazonas
1091:Karipuna
1063:Yaminawá
1048:Kaxinawá
933:Africans
912:Mexicans
900:Americas
891:Lebanese
876:Japanese
835:Russians
820:Italians
731:Sanapaná
701:Inkijwas
696:Guaycuru
645:Paraguay
300:See also
294:abortion
244:Brazil.
170:Asunción
75:Guaycuru
59:Paraguay
2114:Xokleng
2005:Kadiweu
1957:Xavante
1947:Umutina
1892:Nahukuá
1877:Kuikuro
1817:Bakairi
1709:Paraíba
1694:Krĩkatí
1689:Ka'apor
1584:Xerente
1579:Xambioá
1559:Apinajé
1516:Macushi
1511:Akawaio
1503:Roraima
1446:Akuntsu
1413:Wayampi
1408:Wai-wai
1348:Araweté
1322:Amanayé
1304:Zuruahã
1279:Wayampi
1274:Wai-wai
1239:Tariana
1234:Siriano
1149:Cambeba
1124:Apurinã
1101:Wayampi
1096:Palikur
1038:Apurinã
886:Koreans
871:Chinese
840:Spanish
798:Germans
776:English
771:British
766:Basques
726:Payaguá
716:Nivaclé
691:Guaraní
681:Choroti
666:Angaité
264:In the
242:Corumbá
179:Guarani
174:Guarani
166:Guarani
132:History
126:Payaguá
110:Payaguá
63:Bolivia
49:are an
2142:Terena
2132:Aimoré
2091:Kaxixó
2086:Aimoré
2020:Terena
1942:Trumai
1937:Terena
1912:Paresi
1907:Panará
1902:Paiter
1882:Matipu
1872:Kayapo
1867:Karajá
1852:Kaiabi
1847:Ikpeng
1822:Bororo
1807:Apiacá
1802:Aimoré
1784:Karajá
1735:Xukuru
1679:Canela
1656:Tapeba
1646:Kiriri
1628:Pataxó
1564:Karajá
1483:Paiter
1462:Gavião
1441:Aikanã
1418:Wayana
1398:Tiriyó
1363:Kayapo
1358:Karajá
1353:Atikum
1344:(Pará)
1337:Apiacá
1332:Aparai
1327:Anambé
1294:Witoto
1284:Wayana
1264:Tucano
1259:Tiriyó
1254:Ticuna
1224:Pirahã
1204:Matsés
1189:Macuna
1184:Kulina
1179:Korubo
1134:Baniwa
1129:Banawá
1086:Kalina
1081:Aparai
1053:Kulina
1004:Brazil
926:Others
810:Greeks
793:French
788:Czechs
754:Europe
671:Ayoreo
195:Itatín
187:Jesuit
106:aigeis
102:Agaces
81:. The
71:Brazil
2044:South
2015:Ofayé
2010:Mbayá
2000:Guató
1967:Yudjá
1952:Wauja
1842:Guató
1812:Aweti
1771:Goiás
1638:Ceará
1620:Bahia
1569:Krahô
1526:Pemon
1493:Wari’
1478:Kwaza
1468:Kanoê
1451:Arara
1393:Tembé
1342:Arara
1244:Tembé
1199:Matis
1164:Hupda
1154:Cubeo
1073:Amapá
845:Swiss
830:Poles
825:Irish
711:Mbayá
686:Enxet
312:Notes
282:Chané
164:with
122:Guana
43:Mbayá
2046:and
1972:Zoró
1423:Zo'é
1314:Pará
1214:Mura
1194:Mawé
1174:Juma
1144:Bora
1030:Acre
881:Jews
859:Asia
736:Toba
706:Maká
661:Aché
47:Mbyá
41:The
1159:Dâw
1002:of
643:in
216:of
104:or
45:or
2183::
434:.
201:.
69:,
985:e
978:t
971:v
626:e
619:t
612:v
565:.
38:.
20:)
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