82:
73:
108:
62:
985:, becoming masters of the Islamic heartlands and important patrons of Islamic institutions. Until these revolts, Turkmen tribesmen were an integral part of the Seljuk military forces. Turkmen migrated with their families and possessions on Seljuk campaigns into Azerbaijan and Anatolia, which began the Turkification of these areas. During this time, Turkmen also began to settle the area of present-day Turkmenistan. Prior to the Turkmen habitation, most of this desert had been uninhabited, while the more habitable areas along the Caspian Sea,
1822:
124:
1770:
1753:
1719:
834:
1706:
1735:
1698:
1681:
253:, which runs south to north, entering the province from Afghanistan. While the northern portion of the province is within the Central Asian southern desert ecoregion, the southern portion of the province is characterized by a savanna of pistachio and desert sedges, classified as the Badkhiz-Karabil semi-desert by the World Wildlife Fund.
1069:
and burned the city of Merv to the ground. The Mongol leader ordered the massacre of Merv's inhabitants as well as the destruction of the province's farms and irrigation works, which effectively ended the
Iranian dominance in urban areas and agricultural communities of Khwarezm. These areas were soon
1118:, then living on the Tejen River in today's Turkmen-Afghan borderlands, were forced by the Persians to migrate northward. Khiva contested the advance of the Tekes, but ultimately, by about 1856, the latter became the sovereign power of southern and southeastern parts of present Turkmenistan.
1017:(d. 1157), witnessed the fragmentation and destruction of the empire because of attacks by Turkmen and other tribes. During the reign of Sultan Sanjar or Sinjar of the same house, in the middle of the 11th century, Merv was overrun by the Turkish tribes of the Ghuzz from beyond the
1142:...a heap of melancholy ruins. There are remains of baths, and palaces, and ramparts crumbling around, with nothing living but snakes and jackals to be seen, or perhaps some wandering Turkoman looking out for his sheep...This is all that remains of Merv...
939:
dynasty at Merv, and set out from the city to conquer Iran and Iraq and establish a new capital at
Baghdad. The goldsmith of Merv famously challenged Abu Muslim to do the right thing and not make war on fellow Muslims. The goldsmith was put to death.
229:
In 2000, Mary Region accounted for 23% of
Turkmenistan's population, 19% of the total number of employed, 26% of agricultural production (by value), and 21% of the country's total industrial production. The region's industries include
222:. Its area is 87,150 km (33,650 sq mi) and population 1,613,386 (2022 census). The average population density is about 15 persons per square kilometer, but it reaches 150–200 per square kilometer in the most developed
1158:. They were driven from there twenty-seven years ago by the Persians, who objected to the neighbourhood of persons so disagreeable as to insist in carrying off Persian men, their wives, and daughters, and selling them at 5
1121:
Lieutenant
Colonel C.E. Stuart reported that in the 1830s the Teke tribe began to settle in the lower Murghab River delta near Merv, which, he said, they destroyed around 1855. From here the Teke extended their reach to
943:
In the latter part of the 8th century, Merv became obnoxious to Islam as the centre of heretical propaganda preached by al-Muqanna "The Veiled
Prophet of Khorasan". Present Turkmenistan was ruled by
1094:, from 1645 to 1663, caused some difficulties to the Turkmens, coupled with the impact of the drought that occurred at about the same period. Most of the Turkmens within the khanate moved to
1114:
of Persia conquered the entire region in 1740, but after his assassination in 1747 Turkmen lands were recaptured by the Uzbek khanates of Khiva and
Bukhara. During the 1830s, the
880:
conquered the territory in the 4th century BC on his way to South Asia. In 330 BC, Alexander marched northward into
Central Asia and founded the city of Alexandria Margiana (
1420:
242:
generation, textiles, carpet weaving, chemical and food industry. In 2001 it accounted for 74% of
Turkmenistan's electricity generation 26% of natural gas extraction.
1070:
repopulated by the
Turkmen who survived the invasion and had retreated northward to the plains of Kazakhstan or westward to the shores of the Caspian Sea. After the
1325:
1219:
was created. The name "Merv" was changed to "Mary" in 1937. The region initially was directly under control of the
Turkmen SSR government, but in 1939 Mary
1788:
1025:(Khiva). After mixing with the settled peoples in today's Turkmenistan, the Oghuz living north of the Kopet Dag Mountains gradually became known as the
1810:
1199:, both to allow delivery and supply of troops guarding the border with Afghanistan, and to haul out cotton produced in the Murghab River valley.
1646:
1502:
1398:
1110:. Most of present-day Turkmenistan was divided between the Khanates of Khiva and Bukhara, except southernmost parts under Persian suzerainty.
434:
1175:
in 1881, Russian forces sought to pacify and occupy the area of today's Mary Region. Merv was taken in 1884, followed by Kushka (today's
812:
1009:
was an especially large sedentary and agricultural area, important as both a regional economic-cultural center and a transit hub on the
853:
finds support the probability of advanced civilizations in the area including finds associated with a society known to scholars as the
1366:
854:
1424:
1803:
1818:
1542:
1639:
264:, is the main archeological attraction of Mary Province. This is one of the best-preserved oasis cities on the ancient
1580:
1216:
1257:"Turkmenistan: Regions, Major Cities & Towns - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information"
107:
1960:
1796:
904:, and was constituted as the capital of Khorasan. Using this city as their base, the Arabs, led by their commander
1462:(in Turkmen, Russian, and English). Ashgabat: State Committee of Statistics of Turkmenistan. 2020. pp. 49–50.
1333:
1183:
and very nearly a war between Russia and Great Britain, which feared Imperial Russia intended to push on through
1150:
The Turkomans of Merv have only been twenty-six years in the oasis. They formerly inhabited the district around
959:
studied in its libraries. Merv produced several scholars in various branches of knowledge, such as Islamic law,
1448:(in Turkmen, Russian, and English). Ashgabat: State Committee of Statistics of Turkmenistan. 2020. p. 67.
1632:
1071:
17:
1916:
250:
261:
1421:"Административно-территориальное деление Туркменистана по регионам по состоянию на 1 января 2017 года"
1310:, National Institute of State Statistics and Information of Turkmenistan, Ashgabat, 2002, pp. 107–109
1294:, National Institute of State Statistics and Information of Turkmenistan, Ashgabat, 2001, pp. 137–138
900:(in modern Iraq), passed through Merv. The city of Merv was occupied by the lieutenants of the caliph
1126:(today's city of Serdar), ultimately splitting into the Ahal Teke, located between Kizil-Arvat and
1510:
1474:
1826:
1353:
Bonneville, Patrick and Hemono, Philippe. 2006. The World Heritage. Bonneville Connection, Quebec
372:
211:
47:
382:
275:, located at the intersection of Murghab River with the Karakum Canal. Other major cities are
1192:
1053:
warriors who swept across the region from their base in eastern Asia. Under their commander,
392:
352:
1955:
1619:
1404:
1115:
1103:
972:
461:
1383:
Türkmenistanyň Mejlisi (2010–2018). "Türkmenistanyň dolandyryş-çäk birlikleriniň Sanawy".
81:
8:
1282:, National Institute of State Statistics and Information of Turkmenistan, Ashgabat, 2005.
1172:
1135:
877:
403:
387:
377:
235:
1901:
1853:
1392:
1208:
1131:
905:
858:
455:
272:
219:
139:
61:
1965:
1576:
1546:
1091:
72:
1872:
955:
and Bokhara, was one of the great schools of learning, and the celebrated historian
276:
1763:
1232:
1224:
1180:
1075:
1038:
998:
901:
399:
357:
341:
316:
308:
300:
288:
280:
203:
1712:
1624:
1256:
956:
947:
between 821 and 873. In 873, Arab rule in Central Asia came to an end due to the
944:
632:
Mary Province: Production of selected industrial and processed goods, 2017–2019
367:
1746:
1670:
1614:
1026:
466:
239:
1889:
1127:
482:
1949:
1931:
1918:
1860:
1690:
1123:
1058:
994:
885:
362:
246:
1550:
1884:
1821:
1212:
1054:
1046:
893:
487:
129:
1536:
448:
1848:
1775:
1758:
1724:
1600:(in Russian). Ashgabat: Изд-во Чувашского обкома КПСС. 1984. p. 486.
1184:
1171:
Following Russia's defeat of the combined Ahal and Merv Teke army at the
1155:
1095:
249:, which runs east to west through the center of the province, and by the
231:
215:
91:
1865:
1239:) was created. It was abolished in 1963, then re-established in 1970.
1196:
1176:
1111:
932:
866:
846:
816:
492:
476:
296:
1877:
1079:
1018:
1010:
990:
986:
952:
921:
889:
265:
471:
1066:
1022:
976:
948:
850:
833:
820:
1369:(in Russian). Электронная газета «Золотой век». 10 November 2022.
1134:(today Mary) Teke, mainly between the Tejen and Murghab Rivers.
1062:
982:
936:
917:
913:
897:
828:
414:
As of January 1, 2017, the province includes 8 cities (города or
184:
515:
Mary Province: area and production of selected crops, 2017–2019
406:, were abolished and their land distributed to other districts.
1151:
1050:
1014:
960:
862:
1037:
In 1157, the Seljuk dynasty came to an end in the province of
1005:) were populated predominantly by Iranians. The city-state of
1188:
1107:
1099:
1045:
took control of the area of Turkmenistan, under the title of
1042:
925:
909:
223:
931:
Merv achieved some political spotlight in February 748 when
837:
Panorama of the Margush ruins in Mary Province, Turkmenistan
214:. It is located in the south-east of the country, bordering
1382:
1006:
881:
824:
398:
By parliamentary decree of 9 November 2022, two districts,
257:
95:
1049:. In 1221, Central Asia suffered a disastrous invasion by
1575:. London: Oguz Press and the Royal Geographical Society.
426:), and 329 villages (села, сельские населенные пункты or
1545:. Washington: United States Government Printing Office.
1405:
https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/Districts_in_Turkmenistan
1021:. It eventually passed under the sway of the rulers of
924:, and penetrated into China as far as the province of
422:), 143 rural or village councils (сельские советы or
1367:"Постановление Меджлиса Милли Генгеша Туркменистана"
1475:"State Historical and Cultural Park "Ancient Merv""
1323:
1654:
1598:Туркменская Советская Социалистическая Республика
1308:Social-economic situation of Turkmenistan in 2001
1292:Social-economic situation of Turkmenistan in 2000
1947:
1361:
1359:
693:Mineral fertilizers, NPK basis, thousand tonnes
1460:Türkmenistanyň Ýyllyk Statistik Neşiri 2019 Ýyl
1446:Türkmenistanyň Ýyllyk Statistik Neşiri 2019 Ýyl
1130:(an area Stuart called "Daman-i-Kuh"), and the
245:Agriculture in Mary Region is irrigated by the
1280:Statistical Yearbook of Turkmenistan 2000–2004
1804:
1640:
1620:OpenStreetMap Wiki: Districts in Turkmenistan
1566:
1356:
1332:. National Geographic Society. Archived from
951:conquest. During their dominion, Merv, like
90:From the top, Landscape of the Mary Region,
1562:
1560:
1215:power was fully in place by 1924, when the
1078:, except the southernmost part belonged to
326:
1811:
1797:
1647:
1633:
1397:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
271:The capital of Mary Region is the city of
1452:
1378:
1376:
1146:O'Donovan also asserted that as of 1881
1085:
1074:, present Turkmenistan was passed to the
1013:. The last powerful Seljuk ruler, Sultan
966:
777:Unrefined vegetable oil, thousand tonnes
1557:
1530:
1528:
1438:
1179:) in 1885. The latter precipitated the
832:
630:
513:
1567:O'Donovan, Edmund (1977). "Chapter 15,
1301:
1032:
855:Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex
813:Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex
154:87,150 km (33,650 sq mi)
14:
1948:
1589:
1534:
1415:
1413:
1403:This document is reproduced online at
1373:
336:As of 9 November 2022, Mary Province (
1792:
1628:
1596:"Столица и области Туркменской ССР".
1525:
1273:
963:, history, literature, and the like.
1662:
1543:Library of Congress Country Studies
1410:
1090:The invasion of the Khan of Khiva,
872:
24:
1472:
340:) is subdivided into 9 districts (
323:) on the border with Afghanistan.
25:
1977:
1615:OpenStreetMap Wiki: Mary Province
1608:
1571:". In Cumming, Sir Duncan (ed.).
1324:World Wildlife Fund, ed. (2001).
1217:Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic
1166:
857:(BMAC) – near the modern city of
735:Wool, degreased, thousand tonnes
409:
1820:
1768:
1751:
1733:
1717:
1704:
1696:
1679:
1385:Türkmenistanyş Mejlisiniň Karary
1202:
679:Gas condensate, thousand tonnes
122:
106:
80:
71:
60:
1495:
1473:Centre, UNESCO World Heritage.
1466:
433:In the list below, cities with
1655:Places adjacent to Mary Region
1347:
1317:
1285:
1249:
1138:described Merv as of 1881 as
981:In 1055 Seljuk forces entered
506:
13:
1:
1734:
1680:
1538:Turkmenistan: A Country Study
1326:"Badkhiz-Karabil semi-desert"
1242:
1072:division of the Mongol Empire
841:
749:Cotton yarn, thousand tonnes
721:Cotton lint, thousand tonnes
526:production, thousand tonnes
218:. Its capital is the city of
1705:
1697:
1573:The Country of the Turkomans
763:Cotton textile, million m
645:
642:
639:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
532:
331:
30:Region in Mary, Turkmenistan
7:
1330:WildWorld Ecoregion Profile
908:, brought under subjection
799:
796:
793:
785:
782:
779:
771:
768:
765:
757:
754:
751:
743:
740:
737:
729:
726:
723:
715:
712:
709:
701:
698:
695:
687:
684:
681:
673:
670:
667:
659:
656:
653:
623:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
555:
112:Mary region in Turkmenistan
10:
1982:
970:
928:early in the 8th century.
892:caravan route, connecting
810:
806:
501:
262:UNESCO World Heritage Site
1843:
1833:
1660:
1569:Merv and Its Surroundings
1535:Curtis, Glenn E. (1996).
1228:
1154:on the upper part of the
651:Electricity, million kwh
525:
523:area, thousand hectares
522:
479:(formerly Guşga or Kuşka)
346:etrapy; etraplar (plural)
320:
304:
292:
284:
212:provinces in Turkmenistan
179:
171:
163:
158:
150:
145:
135:
117:
105:
54:
45:
35:
935:(d. 750) declared a new
418:), 14 towns (посёлки or
327:Administrative divisions
1961:Regions of Turkmenistan
1827:Regions of Turkmenistan
1507:turkmenistanembassy.org
1503:"History & Culture"
1041:. The Turkic rulers of
791:Flour, thousand tonnes
665:Natural gas, billion m
1236:
1092:Abul Gazi Bahadur Khan
1086:Khiva and the Persians
1002:
967:Arrival of the Turkmen
896:China and the city of
838:
345:
312:
207:
27:Region of Turkmenistan
1261:www.citypopulation.de
1193:Trans-Caspian Railway
869:archeological sites.
836:
553:Cereals and legumes
287:), Ýolöten (Iolotan,
175:19/km (48/sq mi)
1513:on November 10, 2001
1162:per head in Bokhara.
1033:Mongols and Timurids
973:Teke (Turkmen tribe)
383:Türkmengala District
172: • Density
1928: /
1173:Battle of Geok-Tepe
878:Alexander the Great
388:Wekilbazar District
378:Tagtabazar District
236:Galkynysh Gas Field
1209:Russian Revolution
906:Qutayba ibn Muslim
839:
373:Sakarçäge District
353:Baýramaly District
164: • Total
151: • Total
1932:37.000°N 62.000°E
1911:
1910:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1229:Mарыйская область
1057:, founder of the
804:
803:
621:
620:
435:"district status"
210:) is one of five
197:
196:
96:Kyz Kala Fortress
16:(Redirected from
1973:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1838:
1825:
1824:
1813:
1806:
1799:
1790:
1789:
1774:
1772:
1771:
1764:Badghis Province
1757:
1755:
1754:
1737:
1736:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1708:
1707:
1700:
1699:
1683:
1682:
1663:
1649:
1642:
1635:
1626:
1625:
1602:
1601:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1564:
1555:
1554:
1532:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1509:. Archived from
1499:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1479:
1470:
1464:
1463:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1423:. Archived from
1417:
1408:
1402:
1396:
1388:
1380:
1371:
1370:
1363:
1354:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1341:
1321:
1315:
1313:
1305:
1299:
1297:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1253:
1230:
1195:was extended to
1191:. A spur of the
1181:Panjdeh incident
1136:Edmund O'Donovan
1076:Chagatai Khanate
902:Uthman ibn Affan
873:Founding of Merv
707:Bricks, million
628:
627:
511:
510:
393:Ýolöten District
358:Garagum District
322:
306:
294:
286:
234:extraction (the
193:
190:
188:
186:
128:
126:
125:
110:
84:
75:
64:
33:
32:
21:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1946:
1945:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1907:
1839:
1836:
1829:
1819:
1817:
1787:
1782:
1769:
1767:
1752:
1750:
1718:
1716:
1713:Faryab Province
1709:
1656:
1653:
1611:
1606:
1605:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1583:
1565:
1558:
1533:
1526:
1516:
1514:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1486:
1484:
1477:
1471:
1467:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1430:
1428:
1419:
1418:
1411:
1390:
1389:
1381:
1374:
1365:
1364:
1357:
1352:
1348:
1339:
1337:
1322:
1318:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1290:
1286:
1278:
1274:
1265:
1263:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1205:
1169:
1088:
1035:
979:
969:
875:
844:
831:
809:
626:
509:
504:
412:
368:Murgap District
334:
329:
260:, designated a
183:
123:
121:
113:
101:
100:
99:
98:
87:
86:
85:
77:
76:
67:
66:
65:
50:
41:
38:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1979:
1969:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1937:37.000; 62.000
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1893:
1881:
1869:
1857:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1816:
1815:
1808:
1801:
1793:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1778:
1761:
1747:Herat Province
1744:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1710:
1695:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1671:Lebap Province
1668:
1666:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1652:
1651:
1644:
1637:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1610:
1609:External links
1607:
1604:
1603:
1588:
1581:
1556:
1524:
1494:
1482:whc.unesco.org
1465:
1451:
1437:
1409:
1372:
1355:
1346:
1316:
1300:
1284:
1272:
1247:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1207:Following the
1204:
1201:
1168:
1167:Russian Empire
1165:
1164:
1163:
1144:
1143:
1087:
1084:
1034:
1031:
1003:Murgap deryasy
968:
965:
874:
871:
843:
840:
808:
805:
802:
801:
798:
795:
792:
788:
787:
784:
781:
778:
774:
773:
770:
767:
764:
760:
759:
756:
753:
750:
746:
745:
742:
739:
736:
732:
731:
728:
725:
722:
718:
717:
714:
711:
708:
704:
703:
700:
697:
694:
690:
689:
686:
683:
680:
676:
675:
672:
669:
666:
662:
661:
658:
655:
652:
648:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
634:
625:
622:
619:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
596:
595:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
573:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
550:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
527:
524:
521:
518:
517:
508:
505:
503:
500:
499:
498:
497:
496:
490:
485:
480:
474:
469:
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18:Mary Province
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1515:. Retrieved
1511:the original
1506:
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1425:the original
1384:
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1334:the original
1329:
1319:
1312:(in Russian)
1307:
1303:
1296:(in Russian)
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1279:
1275:
1264:. Retrieved
1260:
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1237:Mary oblasty
1220:
1206:
1170:
1159:
1156:Tejend river
1145:
1120:
1116:Teke Turkmen
1089:
1055:Genghis Khan
1047:Khwarezmshah
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894:Tang dynasty
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185:maryhakimlik
130:Turkmenistan
1956:Mary Region
1935: /
1890:Türkmenabat
1776:Afghanistan
1759:Afghanistan
1725:Afghanistan
1702:Mary Region
1387:. Ashgabat.
1185:Afghanistan
1124:Kizil-Arvat
989:Mountains,
884:) near the
599:Vegetables
507:Agriculture
483:Türkmengala
424:geňeşlikler
307:, formerly
232:natural gas
216:Afghanistan
200:Mary Region
92:Mary Museum
1950:Categories
1866:Balkanabat
1431:2018-07-08
1340:2012-08-05
1266:2024-01-16
1243:References
1177:Serhetabat
1065:conquered
971:See also:
933:Abu Muslim
867:Gonur Tepe
847:Bronze Age
842:Prehistory
817:Gonur Depe
811:See also:
477:Serhetabat
420:şäherçeler
404:Serhetabat
305:Серхетабад
297:Serhetabat
285:Байрам-Али
159:Population
1837:(capital)
1517:March 18,
1487:March 18,
1393:cite book
1080:Ilkhanate
1011:Silk Road
991:Amu Darya
987:Kopet Dag
953:Samarkand
922:Kashgaria
890:Silk Road
888:. A busy
467:Sakarçäge
449:Baýramaly
332:Districts
277:Baýramaly
266:Silk Road
167:1,613,386
1966:Khorasan
1551:45380435
1221:oblast'
1067:Khwarezm
1039:Khorasan
1023:Khwarezm
977:Turkmens
949:Saffarid
945:Tahirids
851:Iron Age
821:Margiana
660:8,831.7
657:8,260.8
654:8,074.7
624:Industry
416:şäherler
293:Иолотань
256:Ancient
1878:Daşoguz
1873:Daşoguz
1835:Region
1233:Turkmen
1225:Russian
1152:Sarakhs
1063:Mongols
1027:Turkmen
999:Turkmen
983:Baghdad
937:Abbasid
918:Fergana
914:Bokhara
898:Baghdad
829:Togolok
807:History
576:Cotton
502:Economy
488:Ýolöten
400:Oguzhan
342:Turkmen
317:Russian
309:Turkmen
301:Russian
295:), and
289:Russian
281:Russian
204:Turkmen
180:Website
136:Capital
118:Country
1923:62°0′E
1920:37°0′N
1861:Balkan
1773:
1756:
1722:
1579:
1549:
1213:Soviet
1197:Kushka
1128:Gawars
1104:Murgap
1061:, the
1051:Mongol
1015:Sanjar
993:, and
961:Hadith
863:Jeitun
827:, and
800:173.6
797:176.6
794:168.0
730:89.8,
716:201.6
713:178.0
710:179.3
702:256.7
699:318.5
696:324.4
617:178.2
614:177.9
611:177.5
594:330.5
591:337.2
588:327.6
585:165.0
582:165.0
579:165.0
571:422.4
568:286.4
565:409.8
562:182.6
559:181.4
556:223.0
495:, town
472:Şatlyk
462:Murgap
439:bolded
428:obalar
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48:Region
1885:Lebap
1478:(PDF)
1189:India
1187:into
1112:Nader
1108:Tejen
1100:Atrek
1043:Khiva
957:Yaqut
926:Gansu
910:Balkh
786:13.2
783:26.0
780:25.3
772:47.2
769:46.0
766:43.6
758:19.1
755:17.9
752:17.3
727:63.6
724:99.9
688:42.7
685:47.4
682:45.7
674:26.6
671:24.8
668:20.6
646:2019
643:2018
640:2017
548:2019
545:2018
542:2017
539:2019
536:2018
533:2017
493:Üçajy
321:Кушка
313:Guşgy
224:oases
1902:Mary
1897:Mary
1854:Anau
1849:Ahal
1577:ISBN
1547:OCLC
1519:2018
1489:2018
1399:link
1132:Merv
1106:and
1096:Ahal
1019:Oxus
1007:Merv
975:and
920:and
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