437:
government with all the powers which they might deem proper and necessary; to extend or restrain these powers according to their own good pleasure, and to give them a paramount and supreme authority. As little doubt can there be, that the people had a right to prohibit to the states the exercise of any powers which were, in their judgment, incompatible with the objects of the general compact; to make the powers of the state governments, in given cases, subordinate to those of the nation, or to reserve to themselves those sovereign authorities which they might not choose to delegate to either. The constitution was not, therefore, necessarily carved out of existing state sovereignties, nor a surrender of powers already existing in state institutions, for the powers of the states depend upon their own constitutions; and the people of every state had the right to modify and restrain them, according to their own views of the policy or principle. On the other hand, it is perfectly clear that the sovereign powers vested in the state governments, by their respective constitutions, remained unaltered and unimpaired, except so far as they were granted to the government of the United States.
445:
this would be a perilous and difficult, if not an impracticable, task. The instrument was not intended to provide merely for the exigencies of a few years, but was to endure through a long lapse of ages, the events of which were locked up in the inscrutable purposes of
Providence. It could not be foreseen what new changes and modifications of power might be indispensable to effectuate the general objects of the charter; and restrictions and specifications, which, at the present, might seem salutary, might, in the end, prove the overthrow of the system itself. Hence its powers are expressed in general terms, leaving to the legislature, from time to time, to adopt its own means to effectuate legitimate objects, and to mould and model the exercise of its powers, as its own wisdom, and the public interests, should require.
441:
states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.' The government, then, of the United States, can claim no powers which are not granted to it by the constitution, and the powers actually granted, must be such as are expressly given, or given by necessary implication. On the other hand, this instrument, like every other grant, is to have a reasonable construction, according to the import of its terms; and where a power is expressly given in general terms, it is not to be restrained to particular cases, unless that construction grow out of the context expressly, or by necessary implication. The words are to be taken in their natural and obvious sense, and not in a sense unreasonably restricted or enlarged.
426:
31:
579:
322:, 11 U.S. 603 (1813), the U.S. Supreme Court disagreed with this conclusion, ruling that the treaty did in fact cover the dispute, and remanded the case back to the Virginia Supreme Court. The Virginia court in turn decided that the U.S. Supreme Court did not have authority over cases originating in state court:
440:
These deductions do not rest upon general reasoning, plain and obvious as they seem to be. They have been positively recognised by one of the articles in amendment of the constitution, which declares, that 'the powers not delegated to the United States by the constitution, nor prohibited by it to the
327:
United States, as extends the appellate jurisdiction of the
Supreme Court to this Court, is not in pursuance of the Constitution of the United States; that the writ of error in this cause was improvidently allowed under the authority of that act; that the proceedings thereon in the Supreme Court were
444:
The constitution unavoidably deals in general language. It did not suit the purposes of the people, in framing this great charter of our liberties, to provide for minute specifications of its powers, or to declare the means by which those powers should be carried into execution. It was foreseen that
326:
The Court is unanimously of opinion, that the appellate power of the
Supreme Court of the United States does not extend to this Court, under a sound construction of the Constitution of the United States; that so much of the 25th section of the act of Congress to establish the judicial courts of the
436:
The constitution of the United States was ordained and established, not by the states in their sovereign capacities, but emphatically, as the preamble of the constitution declares, by 'the people of the United States.' There can be no doubt that it was competent to the people to invest the general
374:
Story first confronted the argument that federal judicial power came from the states, and therefore that the
Supreme Court had no right to overrule a state's interpretation of the treaty without its consent. Story found that it was clear from history and the preamble of the Constitution that the
390:
In all Cases affecting
Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such
413:
Story then confronted the argument that state judges were bound to uphold the
Constitution just as federal judges were, and so denying state interpretations presumed that the state judges would less than faithfully interpret the Constitution. Story countered that even if state judges were not
399:. Thus, because it was established that the states had the power to rule on federal issues it must be true that the Supreme Court can review the decision, or the Supreme Court would not have appellate jurisdiction in "all other cases" as stated by the Constitution.
875:
414:
biased, the issue was not bias but uniformity in federal law. Furthermore, the legislative power to remove a case to federal court would be inadequate for maintaining this uniformity. Finally, Story applied these principles of
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410:, Section 10 of the Constitution specific limits are placed upon the "sovereignty" of state governments. The Supreme Court could already review state executive and legislative decisions and this case was no different.
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between Great
Britain and the United States nullified such confiscations, permitting Martin to sue for the return of the property. The trial court ruled in his favor, but the
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316:. The court did not rule that Virginia law was superior to U.S. treaties, but held that the treaty did not cover the dispute in question. On review in
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If the
Supreme Court could not review the decisions of the highest state court, state courts would be excluded from ever hearing a case involving a
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declares that federal interpretation trumps the state's interpretation. Story rejected concerns over State judicial sovereignty. Under
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wrote most of the
Supreme Court opinions during his tenure, he did not write this opinion. Marshall instead
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Article Three of the U.S. Constitution grants the U.S. Supreme Court jurisdiction and authority over
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2011:
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Black & White
Taxicab & Transfer Co. v. Brown & Yellow Taxicab & Transfer Co.
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1614:
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Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church & State
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in relation to this Court, and that obedience to its mandate be declined by the Court.
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decided on March 20, 1816. It was the first case to assert ultimate Supreme Court
2101:
2062:
1808:
1768:
1720:
1287:
415:
383:
67:
1091:
C & L Enterprises, Inc. v. Citizen Band, Potawatomi Indian Tribe of Oklahoma
1832:
1736:
1668:
Williamson County Regional Planning Commission v. Hamilton Bank of Johnson City
1659:
1540:
867:
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to the decisions below and found that the state court's decision was in error.
187:
2178:
1643:
1606:
1083:
College Savings Bank v. Florida Prepaid Postsecondary Education Expense Board
351:
301:
155:
1051:
Oklahoma Tax Commission v. Citizen Band, Potawatomi Indian Tribe of Oklahoma
1840:
535:
F. Thornton Miller, "John Marshall Versus Spencer Roane: A Reevaluation of
429:
382:, Section 2, Clause 2, showing a textual commitment to allow Supreme Court
363:
340:
313:
195:
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265:
183:
137:
523:
The reference to Hunter's lessee is due to a technicality in actions of
504:
281:
83:
1504:
Grable & Sons Metal Products, Inc. v. Darue Engineering & Mfg.
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federal power was given directly by the people and not by the states.
524:
257:
304:, was confiscated by the State and transferred to David Hunter. The
1634:
1552:
636:
297:
285:
225:
Marshall took no part in the consideration or decision of the case.
1849:
Friends of the Earth, Inc. v. Laidlaw Environmental Services, Inc.
1753:
United States v. Students Challenging Regulatory Agency Procedures
578:
391:
Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Congress shall make.
1496:
JPMorgan Chase Bank v. Traffic Stream (BVI) Infrastructure Ltd.
336:
79:
30:
1099:
Inyo County v. Paiute-Shoshone Indians of the Bishop Community
335:
The U.S. Supreme Court reversed the state court's decision on
212:
Story, joined by Washington, Johnson, Livingston, Todd, Duvall
784:
Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital v. Mercury Construction Corp.
54:
Martin, Heir at law and devisee of Fairfax v. Hunter's Lessee
1456:
Northern Pipeline Construction Co. v. Marathon Pipe Line Co.
1448:
Mt. Healthy City School District Board of Education v. Doyle
1075:
Kiowa Tribe of Oklahoma v. Manufacturing Technologies, Inc.
776:
Colorado River Water Conservation District v. United States
688:
343:, and thereby establishing its own supremacy in matters of
1988:
County of Oneida v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York State
892:
Hinderlider v. La Plata River & Cherry Creek Ditch Co.
362:
due to his relatives' interest in the property. Justice
2190:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Marshall Court
339:, ruling that questions of federal law were within its
654:
Case Brief for Martin v. Hunter's Lessee at Lawnix.com
1881:
Arizona Christian School Tuition Organization v. Winn
760:
England v. Louisiana State Board of Medical Examiners
1432:
Oneida Indian Nation of New York v. County of Oneida
1123:
City of Sherrill v. Oneida Indian Nation of New York
744:
Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux
490:
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 14
1761:
Schlesinger v. Reservists Committee to Stop the War
1360:Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co. v. Mottley
2185:United States Constitution Article Three case law
1376:American Well Works Co. v. Layne & Bowler Co.
937:Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Saudi Basic Industries Corp.
2176:
1873:Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency
929:District of Columbia Court of Appeals v. Feldman
300:. Land owned by a loyalist, Martin, part of the
1139:Permanent Mission of India v. City of New York
567:, St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Company, 1989.
1472:Commodity Futures Trading Commission v. Schor
1280:American Insurance Co. v. 356 Bales of Cotton
674:
1480:Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. v. Thompson
1107:United States v. White Mountain Apache Tribe
752:United Gas Pipe Line Co. v. Ideal Cement Co.
565:The Constitution And American Foreign Policy
557:, New York: Henry Holt & Company, 1996.
1384:Smith v. Kansas City Title & Trust Co.
1171:Republic of Argentina v. NML Capital, Ltd.
681:
667:
545:Virginia Magazine of History and Biography
421:Story said the following in his judgment:
366:wrote the decision for a unanimous court.
118:, 11 U.S. 603 (1813); on remand, sub nom.
1953:FDA v. Alliance for Hippocratic Medicine
1865:Hein v. Freedom From Religion Foundation
424:
605:) 304 (1816) is available from:
248:, 14 U.S. (1 Wheat.) 304 (1816), was a
2177:
2089:
2040:
1538:
1233:
1131:Dolan v. United States Postal Service
900:Clearfield Trust Co. v. United States
704:
662:
18:1816 United States Supreme Court case
1897:Clapper v. Amnesty International USA
1392:Hartsville Oil Mill v. United States
319:Fairfax's Devisee v. Hunter's Lessee
115:Fairfax's Devisee v. Hunter's Lessee
2215:Virginia in the American Revolution
2110:Osborn v. Bank of the United States
1652:Toilet Goods Ass'n, Inc. v. Gardner
1019:Banco Nacional de Cuba v. Sabbatino
815:Seneca Nation of Indians v. Christy
13:
1785:Pfizer Inc. v. Government of India
1539:
1187:Jam v. International Finance Corp.
728:Railroad Commission v. Pullman Co.
555:John Marshall: Definer Of A Nation
254:Supreme Court of the United States
36:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
2231:
2220:United States Supreme Court cases
2200:United States federalism case law
971:The Schooner Exchange v. M'Faddon
571:
1234:
1147:Ali v. Federal Bureau of Prisons
577:
449:The vote tally was 6 to 0, with
29:
1488:Plaut v. Spendthrift Farm, Inc.
1179:OBB Personenverkehr AG v. Sachs
112:218 (1810); reversed, sub nom.
2195:1816 in United States case law
1825:Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife
1777:Illinois Brick Co. v. Illinois
1115:Republic of Austria v. Altmann
1027:Santa Clara Pueblo v. Martinez
705:
517:
292:that allowed it to confiscate
1:
1857:DaimlerChrysler Corp. v. Cuno
1586:Acheson Hotels, LLC v. Laufer
1195:Republic of Sudan v. Harrison
884:Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins
510:
453:giving a concurring opinion.
1801:City of Los Angeles v. Lyons
995:Schillinger v. United States
921:Rooker v. Fidelity Trust Co.
7:
2041:
1570:Campbell-Ewald Co. v. Gomez
1011:United States v. Wunderlich
456:
369:
102:Hunter v. Fairfax's Devisee
10:
2236:
2126:Mistretta v. United States
2090:
1352:Burton v. United States II
1328:City of St. Louis v. Myers
1203:Opati v. Republic of Sudan
807:Murdock v. City of Memphis
2205:Legal history of Virginia
2096:
2085:
2049:
2036:
1971:
1937:TransUnion LLC v. Ramirez
1686:
1633:
1596:
1551:
1547:
1534:
1344:Burton v. United States I
1296:United States v. Jackalow
1272:Martin v. Hunter's Lessee
1242:
1229:
947:
910:
849:
794:
717:
713:
700:
591:Martin v. Hunter's Lessee
584:Martin v. Hunter's Lessee
245:Martin v. Hunter's Lessee
234:
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224:
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208:
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149:
144:
131:
126:
106:Winchester District Court
96:
91:
59:
49:
42:
28:
24:Martin v. Hunter's Lessee
23:
2158:Bank Markazi v. Peterson
1929:Uzuegbunam v. Preczewski
1578:Uzuegbunam v. Preczewski
1368:Muskrat v. United States
1336:Barrett v. United States
1043:United States v. Stanley
823:Fox Film Corp. v. Muller
798:independent state ground
547:96 (July 1988): 297–314.
271:
176:H. Brockholst Livingston
100:Judgment for defendant,
2142:United States v. Hatter
2134:Peretz v. United States
2071:Cramer v. United States
1713:Massachusetts v. Mellon
1464:Thomas v. Union Carbide
1163:United States v. Bormes
912:Rooker–Feldman doctrine
860:United States v. Hudson
1905:Spokeo, Inc. v. Robins
1623:Nixon v. United States
1320:United States v. Klein
1211:Trump v. United States
1059:Saudi Arabia v. Nelson
1003:Feres v. United States
979:Mississippi v. Johnson
736:Burford v. Sun Oil Co.
500:Treaty of Paris (1783)
495:Jurisdiction stripping
447:
433:
393:
333:
310:Virginia Supreme Court
306:Treaty of Paris (1783)
302:Northern Neck Property
45:Decided March 20, 1816
2063:United States v. Burr
2012:Rucho v. Common Cause
1913:Texas v. Pennsylvania
1889:Bond v. United States
1745:Sierra Club v. Morton
1440:Arizona v. New Mexico
1424:Glidden Co. v. Zdanok
1400:Wisconsin v. Illinois
1304:Ex parte Vallandigham
1264:United States v. More
954:presidential immunity
428:
423:
388:
350:Though Chief Justice
324:
136:on matters involving
43:Argued March 12, 1816
987:United States v. Lee
386:of state decisions:
360:conflict of interest
264:in civil matters of
236:U.S. Const. art. III
1729:Altvater v. Freeman
1705:Fairchild v. Hughes
1615:Goldwater v. Carter
1562:DeFunis v. Odegaard
1248:Chisholm v. Georgia
1035:Nixon v. Fitzgerald
628:Library of Congress
483:Barron v. Baltimore
278:American Revolution
2118:Forrester v. White
2004:Vieth v. Jubelirer
1961:Murthy v. Missouri
1817:Diamond v. Charles
1697:Bailiff v. Tipping
1598:Political question
1416:Colegrove v. Green
1256:Marbury v. Madison
1155:Samantar v. Yousuf
949:Sovereign immunity
851:Federal common law
690:U.S. Supreme Court
464:Cohens v. Virginia
434:
358:himself, citing a
164:Bushrod Washington
160:Associate Justices
2172:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2150:Stern v. Marshall
2081:
2080:
2032:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2018:Benisek v. Lamone
1996:Davis v. Bandemer
1945:Biden v. Nebraska
1921:Trump v. New York
1676:Trump v. New York
1530:
1529:
1512:Bowles v. Russell
1408:Crowell v. Benson
1312:Ex parte McCardle
1225:
1224:
1221:
1220:
963:Little v. Barreme
831:Harrison v. NAACP
768:Younger v. Harris
582:Works related to
561:Jean Edward Smith
551:Jean Edward Smith
402:Furthermore, the
378:Story then cited
250:landmark decision
241:
240:
122:, 18 Va. 1 (1815)
2227:
2087:
2086:
2055:Ex parte Bollman
2038:
2037:
1549:
1548:
1536:
1535:
1520:Patchak v. Zinke
1231:
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1067:Clinton v. Jones
839:Michigan v. Long
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404:Supremacy Clause
397:federal question
347:interpretation.
329:coram non judice
145:Court membership
120:Hunter v. Martin
78:1 Wheat. 304; 4
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2102:Stuart v. Laird
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1967:
1809:Allen v. Wright
1769:Warth v. Seldin
1721:Ex parte Levitt
1682:
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1288:Sheldon v. Sill
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541:Hunter's Lessee
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416:judicial review
384:judicial review
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172:William Johnson
108:; reversed, 15
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1980:Hayburn's Case
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1833:Raines v. Byrd
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1737:Flast v. Cohen
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1660:Laird v. Tatum
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868:Swift v. Tyson
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572:External links
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1841:FEC v. Akins
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230:Laws applied
196:Joseph Story
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134:state courts
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92:Case history
71:
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693:Article III
380:Article III
312:upheld the
290:legislation
276:During the
266:federal law
217:Concurrence
184:Thomas Todd
138:federal law
2179:Categories
719:Abstention
707:Federalism
637:OpenJurist
511:References
505:Jay Treaty
84:U.S. LEXIS
525:ejectment
408:Article I
294:Loyalists
258:authority
82:97; 1816
60:Citations
1688:Standing
1635:Ripeness
1553:Mootness
695:case law
646:WorldLII
589:Text of
457:See also
370:Judgment
298:property
288:enacted
286:Virginia
209:Majority
2043:Treason
610:Cornell
451:Johnson
356:recused
252:of the
220:Johnson
127:Holding
2161:(2016)
2153:(2011)
2145:(2001)
2137:(1991)
2129:(1989)
2121:(1988)
2113:(1824)
2105:(1803)
2091:Others
2074:(1945)
2066:(1807)
2058:(1807)
2021:(2019)
2007:(2004)
1999:(1986)
1991:(1985)
1983:(1792)
1972:Others
1964:(2024)
1956:(2024)
1948:(2023)
1940:(2021)
1932:(2021)
1924:(2020)
1916:(2020)
1908:(2016)
1900:(2013)
1892:(2011)
1884:(2011)
1876:(2007)
1868:(2007)
1860:(2006)
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1844:(1998)
1836:(1997)
1828:(1992)
1820:(1986)
1812:(1984)
1804:(1983)
1796:(1982)
1788:(1978)
1780:(1977)
1772:(1975)
1764:(1974)
1756:(1973)
1748:(1972)
1740:(1968)
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1724:(1937)
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1679:(2020)
1671:(1985)
1663:(1972)
1655:(1967)
1647:(1961)
1626:(1993)
1618:(1979)
1610:(1962)
1589:(2023)
1581:(2021)
1573:(2016)
1565:(1974)
1523:(2018)
1515:(2007)
1507:(2005)
1499:(2002)
1491:(1995)
1483:(1986)
1475:(1986)
1467:(1985)
1459:(1982)
1451:(1977)
1443:(1976)
1435:(1974)
1427:(1962)
1419:(1946)
1411:(1932)
1403:(1929)
1395:(1926)
1387:(1921)
1379:(1916)
1371:(1911)
1363:(1908)
1355:(1906)
1347:(1905)
1339:(1898)
1331:(1885)
1323:(1871)
1315:(1869)
1307:(1864)
1299:(1862)
1291:(1850)
1283:(1828)
1275:(1816)
1267:(1805)
1259:(1803)
1251:(1793)
1214:(2024)
1206:(2020)
1198:(2019)
1190:(2019)
1182:(2015)
1174:(2014)
1166:(2012)
1158:(2010)
1150:(2008)
1142:(2007)
1134:(2006)
1126:(2005)
1118:(2004)
1110:(2003)
1102:(2003)
1094:(2001)
1086:(1999)
1078:(1998)
1070:(1997)
1062:(1993)
1054:(1991)
1046:(1987)
1038:(1982)
1030:(1978)
1022:(1964)
1014:(1951)
1006:(1950)
998:(1894)
990:(1882)
982:(1867)
974:(1812)
966:(1804)
940:(2005)
932:(1983)
924:(1923)
903:(1943)
895:(1938)
887:(1938)
879:(1928)
871:(1842)
863:(1812)
842:(1983)
834:(1959)
826:(1935)
818:(1896)
810:(1875)
787:(1983)
779:(1976)
771:(1971)
763:(1964)
755:(1962)
747:(1959)
739:(1943)
731:(1941)
649:
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634:
631:
625:
622:
619:Justia
616:
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603:Wheat.
537:Martin
486:(1833)
337:appeal
280:, the
194:
192:·
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180:·
178:
170:
168:·
166:
80:L. Ed.
597:
471:
272:Facts
260:over
97:Prior
599:U.S.
473:U.S.
73:more
65:U.S.
951:and
601:(1
543:,"
539:v.
476:264
284:of
110:Va.
86:333
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70:(
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