636:
651:
49:
341:
65:
1166:
678:, which existed from approximately 400 BC to 1600 AD. The island has been a center of archaeological exploration and scholarship since the nineteenth century. Scholars from the 1980s forward have divided the pre-Columbian period into the Ananatuba phase (c. 1100 – c. 200 BC), the Mangueiras phase (c. 1000 BC – c. 100 AD), the Formiga phase (c. 100-400 AD), the Marajoará phase (c. 400-1200 AD), and the Aruã phase (1200-1500 AD).
424:
72:
374:
Together with smaller neighboring islands that are separated from Marajó by rivers, they form the Marajó Archipelago, with an aggregate area of 49,602 square kilometres (19,151 sq mi). The archipelago is contained in the 59,985 square kilometres (23,160 sq mi)
509:. They feature a basic touristic infrastructure and are popular because of the generous, lightly populated beaches. The city of Soure, on the island's Atlantic coast, serves as an entry point to the island via its ferry link to
689:
and that the society steadily declined until its final collapse at approximately 1400 AD, due to the Marajó's poor soil fertility and other environmental factors. Megger's hypotheses subsequently became associated with
439:
with animal husbandry. This is also the location of Lake Arari, which has an area of 400 square kilometres (150 sq mi), but shrinks by 80% during the dry season. There are large herds of domesticated
386:
because of higher water levels of the rivers along the coast and heavy rainfall in the interior. Marajó is almost entirely flat. During the rainy season, much of the island becomes flooded as a large lake.
698:, who re-excavated Marajó in the 1980s. According to Roosevelt, the Marajoara culture developed independently within the Amazon and featured both intensive subsistence agriculture and major public works.
701:
Roosevelt estimated that Marajó may have had a population of more than 100,000 people at its peak. The population lived in homes with tamped earth floors, organized themselves into
681:
Since the 1990s, there has been debate over the origins and sophistication of Marajó's pre-Columbian society. Based on fieldwork in the 1940s and 1950s, the archaeologist
711:
The arrival of
Europeans in the sixteenth century was catastrophic to the indigenous population of the island; 90% died due to high mortality from Eurasian
1041:
317:
periodically exhibited by high tides overcoming the usual complex hydrodynamic interactions in the surrounding rivers. It is the second-largest island in
1255:
376:
895:
795:
734:
390:
There are 20 large rivers on the island. Because of the changing water levels and regular seasonal flooding, many settlements are built on stilts (
108:
448:
to the island; they now number about 450,000, higher than the island's human population. The western side of the island is characterized by
869:
1034:
991:. Coleção Estudos Amazônicos. História (in Portuguese) (1a ed.). Belém, Pará: Editora Estudos Amazônicos. pp. 7–8.
1027:
1001:
Ryan, Jeffrey, ed. Pandemic influenza: emergency planning and community preparedness. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2009. p. 24
642:
971:
938:
489:. During the rainy season, the swamps are flooded one meter high. Little is known about the ecology of these swamps.
289:, smaller rivers (especially Macacos and Tajapuru), Companhia River, Jacaré Grande River, Vieira Grande Bay and the
1366:
1290:
635:
17:
1245:
583:
332:. Its maximum span is 295 kilometres (183 mi) long and 200 kilometres (120 mi) in perpendicular width.
1356:
1361:
408:
792:
64:
304:, which may have numbered more than 100,000 people at its peak. Today, the island is known for its large
328:
With a land area of 40,100 square kilometres (15,500 sq mi) Marajó is comparable in size to
1320:
843:
691:
379:, a sustainable-use conservation unit established in 1989 to protect the environment of the region.
746:
695:
407:
phenomenon in the river that creates large waves reaching 4 m (13 ft) in height. It is a
1081:
1050:
873:
322:
158:
1220:
1066:
720:
357:
1225:
1142:
730:, Marajó was the only major populated area not to have any documented cases of the illness.
278:
143:
1152:
650:
543:
31:
8:
1280:
1250:
603:
548:
269:
502:
1260:
716:
712:
523:
460:
1147:
967:
934:
903:
727:
675:
622:
553:
479:
301:
297:
35:
1305:
1235:
1112:
1019:
685:
initially argued that the
Marajoara culture had been founded by emigrants from the
485:
445:
216:
963:
608:
528:
464:
449:
356:, some smaller rivers (especially Macacos and Tajapuru), the Companhia River, the
1101:
928:
799:
538:
48:
340:
1335:
1325:
1240:
1171:
702:
657:
573:
506:
453:
361:
290:
239:
1350:
1330:
1295:
1107:
1086:
907:
682:
671:
593:
498:
441:
318:
305:
123:
110:
1013:
353:
349:
286:
282:
1230:
1215:
1132:
1122:
1315:
1300:
1285:
1270:
956:
329:
296:
From approximately 400 BC to 1600 AD, Marajó was the site of an advanced
497:
The most important towns are in the southeastern portion of the island:
1205:
1071:
811:
578:
404:
383:
314:
30:
For the mixed martial artists and brothers with the same nickname, see
930:
1491 (Second
Edition): New Revelations of the Americas Before Columbus
471:
694:. Her theory has since been rejected, however, by the archaeologist
598:
568:
1210:
1200:
1190:
1117:
399:
310:
726:
In contrast, however, during the 1918–1919 pandemic worldwide of
533:
510:
1195:
1165:
1091:
793:
Development Plan for Marajó, Document of the
Government of Brazil
516:
The island is shared by 16 municipalities of three microregions:
436:
432:
423:
412:
368:
563:
274:
221:
1275:
1096:
1076:
207:
896:"To Soften Image, Brazilian Police Ride In Atop Horned Beasts"
1310:
1137:
768:
686:
474:
1127:
810:
705:
277:, Brazil. It is the main and largest of the islands in the
933:. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. pp. 328–340.
958:
463:
ecoregion, an area of seasonally and tidally flooded
1161:
1049:
955:
708:, and divided tasks by sex, age, and skill level.
382:Large parts of the islands are flooded during the
281:. Marajó Island is separated from the mainland by
1348:
377:Marajó Archipelago Environmental Protection Area
348:Marajó Island is separated from the mainland by
431:The eastern side of the island is dominated by
816:(in Portuguese), ISA: Instituto Socioambiental
735:Roman Catholic Territorial Prelature of Marajó
1035:
872:. Parahistorico.blogspot.com. Archived from
841:
470:To the north of the large savanna area are
1042:
1028:
47:
422:
339:
733:The island is also the location of the
719:against these diseases that had become
670:The island was the site of an advanced
367:The island sits almost directly on the
153:40,100 km (15,500 sq mi)
14:
1349:
986:
893:
763:
761:
1023:
850:. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press
268:
1060:(38,610 sq mi) and greater
995:
953:
926:
861:
837:
835:
833:
831:
829:
775:. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. 2014
758:
273:) is a large coastal island in the
27:Island in the state of Pará, Brazil
24:
786:
643:American Museum of Natural History
25:
1378:
1007:
492:
1164:
989:Amapá: experiências fronteiriças
987:Lobato, Sidney da Silva (2012).
980:
870:"Pará Histórico: Índios no Pará"
867:
826:
649:
634:
560:Microregion of Furos de Breves:
323:35th largest island in the world
70:
63:
1246:Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego
954:Mann, Charles C. (2006-01-01).
927:Mann, Charles C. (2006-10-10).
53:Satellite view of Marajó Island
1184:(7,722–38,610 sq mi)
947:
920:
887:
804:
71:
13:
1:
752:
360:, Vieira Grande Bay, and the
1014:Marajó Island and Pará state
894:Romero, Simon (2015-06-20).
842:Araujo Costa, Costa (2014).
452:and small farms. Lumber and
435:vegetation. There are large
397:The island is known for the
335:
7:
740:
477:, mainly with Buriti Palm (
308:population, as well as the
179:204 km (126.8 mi)
171:297 km (184.5 mi)
10:
1383:
962:. Vintage Books. pp.
616:
584:São Sebastião da Boa Vista
418:
29:
1181:
1159:
1057:
813:APA Arquipélago do Marajó
692:environmental determinism
628:
266:Portuguese pronunciation:
251:
246:
235:
227:
215:
204:
199:
191:
183:
175:
167:
157:
149:
139:
102:
94:
89:
58:
46:
747:Monte de Teso dos Bichos
696:Anna Curtenius Roosevelt
505:, and the largest city,
444:, which are technically
1367:River islands of Brazil
1051:World's largest islands
773:Encyclopædia Britannica
590:Microregion of Portel:
427:Water buffalo on Marajó
242: (pop. 99,223)
187:40 m (130 ft)
1291:Prince of Wales Island
520:Microregion of Arari:
428:
345:
184:Highest elevation
1357:Islands of the Amazon
1182:20,000–99,999 km
798:July 6, 2011, at the
459:The island is in the
426:
343:
723:in Eurasian cities.
456:are produced there.
1251:Axel Heiberg Island
713:infectious diseases
625:
549:Santa Cruz do Arari
409:tourist destination
358:Jacaré Grande River
300:society called the
120: /
43:
1261:Southampton Island
900:The New York Times
621:
524:Cachoeira do Arari
429:
346:
279:Marajó Archipelago
236:Largest settlement
192:Highest point
144:Marajó Archipelago
98:Para State, Brazil
41:
1362:Landforms of Pará
1344:
1343:
728:Spanish influenza
676:Marajoara culture
668:
667:
664:
663:
656:Marajoara bowl,
623:Marajoara culture
480:Mauritia flexuosa
411:, especially for
344:Marajó Island map
302:Marajoara culture
270:[maɾaˈʒɔ]
259:
258:
32:Ildemar Alcântara
16:(Redirected from
1374:
1306:Vancouver Island
1236:Alexander Island
1174:
1169:
1168:
1113:Ellesmere Island
1044:
1037:
1030:
1021:
1020:
1002:
999:
993:
992:
984:
978:
977:
961:
951:
945:
944:
924:
918:
917:
915:
914:
891:
885:
884:
882:
881:
865:
859:
858:
856:
855:
848:Grove Art Online
839:
824:
823:
822:
821:
808:
802:
790:
784:
783:
781:
780:
765:
653:
638:
630:
629:
626:
620:
486:Euterpe oleracea
272:
267:
135:
134:
132:
131:
130:
125:
124:0.983°S 49.583°W
121:
118:
117:
116:
113:
74:
73:
67:
51:
44:
40:
21:
1382:
1381:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1321:Somerset Island
1256:Melville Island
1183:
1177:
1170:
1163:
1157:
1102:Victoria Island
1059:
1058:100,000 km
1053:
1048:
1016:at V-Brazil.com
1010:
1005:
1000:
996:
985:
981:
974:
952:
948:
941:
925:
921:
912:
910:
892:
888:
879:
877:
866:
862:
853:
851:
840:
827:
819:
817:
809:
805:
800:Wayback Machine
791:
787:
778:
776:
769:"Marajó Island"
767:
766:
759:
755:
743:
660:
654:
645:
639:
619:
539:Ponta de Pedras
495:
421:
338:
265:
211:
129:-0.983; -49.583
128:
126:
122:
119:
114:
111:
109:
107:
106:
85:
84:
83:
82:
81:
80:
79:
75:
54:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1380:
1370:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1342:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1326:Kotelny Island
1323:
1318:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1241:Severny Island
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1187:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1172:Islands portal
1160:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1063:
1061:
1055:
1054:
1047:
1046:
1039:
1032:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1009:
1008:External links
1006:
1004:
1003:
994:
979:
972:
946:
939:
919:
886:
860:
825:
803:
785:
756:
754:
751:
750:
749:
742:
739:
715:; they lacked
666:
665:
662:
661:
658:Museu Nacional
655:
648:
646:
640:
633:
618:
615:
614:
613:
612:
611:
606:
601:
596:
588:
587:
586:
581:
576:
571:
566:
558:
557:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
494:
493:Municipalities
491:
450:várzea forests
420:
417:
362:Atlantic Ocean
337:
334:
291:Atlantic Ocean
257:
256:
255:533,397 (2015)
253:
249:
248:
244:
243:
237:
233:
232:
229:
225:
224:
219:
213:
212:
205:
202:
201:
200:Administration
197:
196:
193:
189:
188:
185:
181:
180:
177:
173:
172:
169:
165:
164:
161:
155:
154:
151:
147:
146:
141:
137:
136:
104:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
87:
86:
77:
76:
69:
68:
62:
61:
60:
59:
56:
55:
52:
36:Iuri Alcântara
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1379:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1296:Yuzhny Island
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1180:
1173:
1167:
1162:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1108:Great Britain
1106:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1087:Baffin Island
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1062:
1056:
1052:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1015:
1012:
1011:
998:
990:
983:
975:
973:9781400032051
969:
965:
960:
959:
950:
942:
940:9780307278180
936:
932:
931:
923:
909:
905:
901:
897:
890:
876:on 2014-05-29
875:
871:
864:
849:
845:
838:
836:
834:
832:
830:
815:
814:
807:
801:
797:
794:
789:
774:
770:
764:
762:
757:
748:
745:
744:
738:
736:
731:
729:
724:
722:
718:
714:
709:
707:
704:
699:
697:
693:
688:
684:
683:Betty Meggers
679:
677:
674:society, the
673:
672:pre-Columbian
659:
652:
647:
644:
637:
632:
631:
627:
624:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
591:
589:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
561:
559:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
521:
519:
518:
517:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
490:
488:
487:
482:
481:
476:
473:
468:
466:
465:várzea forest
462:
461:Marajó várzea
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
442:water buffalo
438:
434:
425:
416:
415:of the bore.
414:
410:
406:
402:
401:
395:
393:
388:
385:
380:
378:
372:
370:
365:
363:
359:
355:
351:
342:
333:
331:
326:
324:
320:
319:South America
316:
313:
312:
307:
306:water buffalo
303:
299:
298:Pre-Columbian
294:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
275:state of Pará
271:
263:
254:
250:
245:
241:
238:
234:
230:
226:
223:
220:
218:
214:
210:
209:
203:
198:
195:Breves (city)
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
160:
156:
152:
148:
145:
142:
138:
133:
105:
101:
97:
93:
88:
66:
57:
50:
45:
37:
33:
19:
18:Marajó Island
1265:
1231:Devon Island
1216:Banks Island
1143:Newfoundland
1133:North Island
1123:South Island
997:
988:
982:
957:
949:
929:
922:
911:. Retrieved
899:
889:
878:. Retrieved
874:the original
863:
852:. Retrieved
847:
818:, retrieved
812:
806:
788:
777:. Retrieved
772:
732:
725:
710:
700:
680:
669:
641:Burial urn,
515:
496:
484:
478:
469:
458:
430:
398:
396:
391:
389:
384:rainy season
381:
373:
366:
347:
327:
309:
295:
261:
260:
247:Demographics
206:
1286:New Britain
1271:Spitsbergen
703:matrilineal
330:Switzerland
228:Macroregion
140:Archipelago
127: /
103:Coordinates
1351:Categories
1206:Hispaniola
1082:Madagascar
1072:New Guinea
913:2017-05-05
880:2014-06-23
854:2014-12-17
820:2016-06-27
779:2014-12-17
753:References
579:Curralinho
544:Salvaterra
503:Salvaterra
405:tidal bore
354:Pará River
350:Marajó Bay
321:, and the
315:tidal bore
287:Pará River
283:Marajó Bay
252:Population
1221:Sri Lanka
1067:Greenland
908:0362-4331
454:açaí palm
392:Palafitas
336:Geography
159:Area rank
90:Geography
1331:Sardinia
1226:Tasmania
1211:Sakhalin
1201:Hokkaido
1191:Mindanao
1118:Sulawesi
1104:(Canada)
844:"Marajó"
796:Archived
741:See also
717:immunity
446:invasive
437:fazendas
400:pororoca
311:pororoca
95:Location
1336:Bananal
1196:Ireland
1153:Iceland
1092:Sumatra
721:endemic
617:History
604:Melgaço
433:savanna
419:Ecology
413:surfing
369:Equator
115:49°35′W
1316:Sicily
1301:Hainan
1281:Taiwan
1276:Kyushu
1266:Marajó
1097:Honshu
1077:Borneo
970:
937:
906:
868:Prof.
609:Portel
599:Gurupá
574:Breves
569:Anajás
529:Chaves
507:Breves
483:) and
475:swamps
352:, the
262:Marajó
240:Breves
231:Marajó
208:Brazil
168:Length
112:0°59′S
78:Marajó
42:Marajó
1311:Timor
1138:Luzon
706:clans
687:Andes
594:Bagre
554:Soure
534:Muaná
511:Belém
499:Soure
217:State
176:Width
1148:Cuba
1128:Java
968:ISBN
935:ISBN
904:ISSN
564:Afuá
472:palm
403:, a
222:Pará
163:35th
150:Area
34:and
964:335
394:).
1353::
966:.
902:.
898:.
846:.
828:^
771:.
760:^
737:.
513:.
501:,
467:.
371:.
364:.
325:.
293:.
285:,
1043:e
1036:t
1029:v
976:.
943:.
916:.
883:.
857:.
782:.
264:(
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
