2427:
1024:
2437:
483:
In the madrigal's later stages of development its uppermost voice was often highly elaborate, with the lower voice, the tenor, much less so. The form at this time was probably a development of connoisseurs, and sung by small groups of cognoscenti; there is no evidence of its widespread popularity,
400:, with which it shares only the name. The madrigal of the Trecento flourished ca. 1340–1370 with a short revival near 1400. It was a composition for two (or rarely three) voices, sometimes on a pastoral subject. In its earliest development it was simple construction:
433:, and another seeing it as deriving from 13th-century secular monophonic song with an improvised accompaniment. Little Italian music from the 13th century has survived, so links between medieval forms such as the conductus and
480:, a collection of music from ca. 1350 or earlier, compiled around 1370. It has been suggested that the ornamentation of the upper voices may be improvised above a skeletal structure.
933:
367:
710:
601:
484:
unlike the madrigal of the 16th century. By the end of the 14th century it had fallen out of favor, with other forms (in particular, the
1060:
1598:
2090:
614:
1090:
360:
65:
703:
17:
423:
The origins of the madrigal are obscure, and debated, with one school of thought seeing it as a secular mutation of the
1932:
1424:
437:
song and the music of the trecento are largely inferential. The origin of the name (which appears in early sources as
683:
669:
2314:
2299:
2272:
1085:
73:
2294:
353:
2304:
1553:
2467:
2462:
1610:
1218:
1100:
696:
1419:
1538:
1453:
1053:
488:
and imported French music) taking precedence, some of which were even more highly refined and ornamented.
1027:
651:
596:
2417:
2282:
1080:
191:
61:
2277:
1952:
1947:
1593:
2430:
1578:
1508:
1046:
491:
By the beginning of 15th century the term was no longer used musically. The later, 16th-century
38:
2289:
2440:
2319:
2125:
1781:
1468:
810:
401:
1161:
2381:
1696:
1548:
1404:
1399:
1261:
719:
568:
144:
69:
1843:
1473:
872:
540:
2193:
2188:
2095:
1912:
1899:
1848:
1817:
1766:
1657:
1503:
1318:
1303:
1246:
1196:
1156:
1113:
877:
846:
795:
606:
271:
266:
216:
186:
171:
98:
1563:
1333:
8:
2396:
2391:
2022:
1812:
1711:
1642:
1518:
1513:
1458:
1374:
1344:
1201:
1191:
1146:
1108:
841:
740:
181:
93:
1483:
1125:
495:
is unrelated, although it often used texts written in the 14th century (for instance by
2350:
2340:
2309:
2120:
2100:
1942:
1838:
1786:
1746:
1731:
1647:
1498:
1409:
1181:
938:
907:
867:
815:
775:
760:
535:
525:
520:
664:(Music Literature Outlines Series I). Bloomington, Indiana. Frangipani Press, 1986.
2436:
2222:
2110:
2080:
2040:
1987:
1922:
1833:
1828:
1776:
1736:
1673:
1652:
1558:
1543:
1493:
1354:
1313:
1241:
1151:
1002:
862:
857:
805:
765:
679:
665:
610:
545:
515:
393:
340:
293:
221:
211:
206:
115:
2234:
1982:
1905:
1858:
1822:
1792:
1771:
1463:
1448:
1207:
887:
851:
821:
800:
647:
588:
555:
550:
303:
226:
201:
2386:
2210:
2115:
2075:
2011:
1967:
1359:
1338:
1323:
1269:
1176:
973:
968:
288:
176:
2345:
2215:
2205:
2085:
2016:
1977:
1957:
1937:
1667:
1637:
1523:
1379:
1349:
1069:
997:
283:
231:
46:
2456:
2151:
2050:
1917:
1885:
1741:
1662:
1308:
1186:
1169:
986:
770:
592:
530:
470:
466:
397:
150:
1488:
2376:
2183:
2146:
2105:
2070:
2045:
2030:
1528:
1364:
1139:
385:
298:
261:
251:
591:& D'Agostino, Gianluca (2001). "Madrigal, I. Italy, 14th century". In
411:
called terzetti set to the same music and a concluding section called the
2371:
2366:
2161:
1533:
1478:
1384:
1232:
992:
912:
477:
429:
109:
1440:
127:
1962:
1632:
1328:
1294:
1289:
434:
412:
122:
1256:
196:
2173:
2035:
1853:
1588:
882:
630:
Brooks
Toliver, “Improvisation in the Madrigals of the Rossi Codex,”
476:
The earliest stage in the development of the madrigal is seen in the
424:
256:
132:
27:
For the musical form of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, see
1251:
2335:
2255:
2178:
2141:
1624:
1414:
1394:
1369:
979:
508:
496:
492:
389:
324:
138:
28:
2249:
2227:
2198:
2156:
1927:
1583:
1131:
1118:
1038:
946:
688:
485:
318:
276:
103:
1972:
1894:
1389:
408:
2244:
2168:
952:
407:
The text of the madrigal is divided into three sections: two
313:
453:) is also unclear; two possibilities are derivation from
461:), designating a poem without a definite form, or from
587:
415:
usually in a different meter, creating an aaB form.
404:in 1300 called it a "raw and chaotic singalong".
2454:
602:The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
1054:
704:
465:, meaning mother, either as in a song in the
361:
1704:
733:
507:Important composers of the madrigal in the
1061:
1047:
711:
697:
678:. New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1978.
654:. Grove Music Online. Accessed June 2013.
368:
354:
662:Music in the Middle Ages and Renaissance
1695:
1599:List of Galician-Portuguese troubadours
14:
2455:
1042:
692:
502:
1425:Other troubadours and trobairitz...
24:
1068:
718:
660:Harold Gleason and Warren Becker,
641:
384:is an Italian musical form of the
25:
2479:
2435:
2426:
2425:
1023:
1022:
652:Madrigal: I. Italy, 14th century
388:. It is quite distinct from the
624:
581:
13:
1:
1420:William IX, Duke of Aquitaine
650:, Gianluca D’Agostino (2004)
574:
7:
1091:List of musical instruments
562:
10:
2484:
418:
26:
2407:
2359:
2328:
2265:
2134:
2063:
2004:
1953:Matheus de Sancto Johanne
1948:Johannes Symonis Hasprois
1883:
1879:
1805:
1759:
1724:
1691:
1622:
1618:
1609:
1594:Galician-Portuguese lyric
1539:Jehan le Cuvelier d'Arras
1454:Andrieu Contredit d'Arras
1439:
1288:
1230:
1226:
1217:
1099:
1076:
1013:
961:
921:
900:
834:
788:
753:
726:
1983:Antonio Zacara da Teramo
605:(2nd ed.). London:
1509:Gillebert de Berneville
1086:List of music theorists
656:(subscription required)
1782:Gherardello da Firenze
1469:Le Chastelain de Couci
1262:Philippe le Chancelier
811:Gherardello da Firenze
634:64 (1992), pp. 165–76.
402:Francesco da Barberino
2468:Medieval music genres
2463:Music of the Trecento
2091:Johannes de Garlandia
1405:Raimbaut de Vaqueiras
569:Music of the Trecento
87:Movements and schools
2412:Also music theorist*
2096:Johannes de Grocheio
1913:Conradus de Pistoria
1900:Philippus de Caserta
1849:Philippus de Caserta
1818:Antonello da Caserta
1767:Andreas de Florentia
1658:Guillaume de Machaut
1319:Bernart de Ventadorn
1304:Aimeric de Peguilhan
1247:Albertus Parisiensis
1197:Adam of Saint Victor
1157:Saint Martial school
1114:Notker the Stammerer
1017:Also music theorist*
878:Philippus de Caserta
847:Antonello da Caserta
796:Andreas de Florentia
607:Macmillan Publishers
2023:Contenance angloise
1813:Bartolino da Padova
1712:Marchetto da Padova
1643:Magister Franciscus
1519:Guillaume le Vinier
1514:Gontier de Soignies
1459:Audefroi le Bastart
1345:Folquet de Marselha
1202:Wulfstan the Cantor
1192:Hildegard of Bingen
1162:Adémar de Chabannes
1147:Fulbert of Chartres
1109:Abbey of Saint Gall
1101:Early (before 1150)
842:Bartolino da Padova
741:Marchetto da Padova
674:Richard H. Hoppin,
341:Renaissance music →
18:Madrigal (trecento)
2351:Neo-Medieval music
2341:Medieval folk rock
2121:Berno of Reichenau
2101:Iacobus de Ispania
1943:Petrus de Goscalch
1844:Niccolò da Perugia
1839:Grazioso da Padova
1787:Lorenzo da Firenze
1747:Vincenzo da Rimini
1732:Giovanni da Cascia
1564:Other trouvères...
1549:Perrin d'Angicourt
1499:Gautier de Dargies
1474:Chrétien de Troyes
1410:Raimon de Miravalh
1400:Raimbaut d'Aurenga
908:Squarcialupi Codex
873:Niccolò da Perugia
868:Grazioso da Padova
816:Lorenzo da Firenze
776:Vincenzo da Rimini
761:Giovanni da Cascia
558:(later revivalist)
541:Niccolò da Perugia
536:Lorenzo da Firenze
526:Vincenzo da Rimini
521:Giovanni da Cascia
469:or music used for
2450:
2449:
2418:Renaissance music
2126:Aurelian of RĂ©Ă´me
2111:Johannes de Muris
2081:Franco of Cologne
2059:
2058:
2041:Arnold de Lantins
2000:
1999:
1996:
1995:
1923:Johannes Cuvelier
1875:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1834:Giovanni Mazzuoli
1829:Matteo da Perugia
1801:
1800:
1777:Francesco Landini
1755:
1754:
1737:Jacopo da Bologna
1720:
1719:
1687:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1674:Philippe de Vitry
1653:Jehan de Lescurel
1574:
1573:
1559:Raoul de Soissons
1504:Gautier d'Espinal
1494:Gautier de Coincy
1435:
1434:
1355:Giraut de Bornelh
1334:CerverĂ de Girona
1314:Arnaut de Mareuil
1284:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1242:Notre-Dame school
1152:Heriger of Lobbes
1081:List of composers
1036:
1035:
1003:Renaissance music
896:
895:
863:Giovanni Mazzuoli
858:Matteo da Perugia
830:
829:
806:Francesco Landini
784:
783:
766:Jacopo da Bologna
749:
748:
632:Acta musicologica
616:978-1-56159-239-5
589:Fischer, Kurt von
546:Francesco Landini
516:Jacopo da Bologna
503:Notable composers
378:
377:
116:Notre-Dame school
16:(Redirected from
2475:
2439:
2429:
2428:
2235:Liturgical drama
2002:
2001:
1909:
1906:Johannes Ciconia
1881:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1859:Zacara da Teramo
1823:Johannes Ciconia
1803:
1802:
1793:Paolo da Firenze
1772:Donato da Cascia
1757:
1756:
1722:
1721:
1702:
1701:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1677:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1611:Late (1300–1400)
1554:Philippe de RĂ©mi
1484:Conon de BĂ©thune
1464:Blondel de Nesle
1449:Adam de la Halle
1437:
1436:
1375:Peire d'Alvernha
1286:
1285:
1273:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1219:High (1150–1300)
1208:Wipo of Burgundy
1173:
1143:
1135:
1126:Stephen of Liège
1063:
1056:
1049:
1040:
1039:
1026:
1025:
942:
888:Zacara da Teramo
852:Johannes Ciconia
832:
831:
822:Paolo da Firenze
801:Donato da Cascia
786:
785:
751:
750:
731:
730:
713:
706:
699:
690:
689:
657:
648:Kurt von Fischer
635:
628:
622:
620:
585:
556:Johannes Ciconia
551:Donato da Cascia
457:(in contrast to
370:
363:
356:
304:Liturgical drama
202:Adam de la Halle
34:
33:
21:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2472:
2453:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2445:
2422:
2403:
2355:
2324:
2261:
2211:Gregorian chant
2130:
2116:Walter Odington
2076:Guido of Arezzo
2055:
2012:Johannes Alanus
1992:
1968:Jacob Senleches
1904:
1863:
1797:
1751:
1716:
1679:
1672:
1605:
1570:
1431:
1360:Guiraut Riquier
1339:Comtessa de Dia
1324:Bertran de Born
1292:
1276:
1270:Petrus de Cruce
1268:
1213:
1177:Notker Physicus
1168:
1138:
1130:
1095:
1072:
1067:
1037:
1032:
1009:
974:Portative organ
969:Landini cadence
957:
936:
934:Caccia (musica)
917:
892:
826:
780:
745:
722:
717:
655:
644:
642:Further reading
639:
638:
629:
625:
617:
586:
582:
577:
565:
505:
421:
374:
332:
331:
330:
289:Gregorian chant
246:
238:
237:
236:
166:
158:
157:
156:
88:
78:
77:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2481:
2471:
2470:
2465:
2448:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2433:
2415:
2414:
2413:
2409:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2369:
2363:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2354:
2353:
2348:
2346:Medieval metal
2343:
2338:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2231:
2230:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2216:Pope Gregory I
2208:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2165:
2164:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2086:Johannes Cotto
2083:
2078:
2073:
2067:
2065:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2017:John Dunstaple
2014:
2008:
2006:
1998:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1978:Johannes Susay
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1958:Gacian Reyneau
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1938:Martinus Fabri
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1902:
1897:
1891:
1889:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1820:
1815:
1809:
1807:
1806:3rd generation
1799:
1798:
1796:
1795:
1790:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1763:
1761:
1760:2nd generation
1753:
1752:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1728:
1726:
1725:1st generation
1718:
1717:
1715:
1714:
1708:
1706:
1699:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1670:
1668:Jehan Vaillant
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1638:Denis Le Grant
1635:
1630:
1628:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1569:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1544:Moniot d'Arras
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1524:Guiot de Dijon
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1445:
1443:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1380:Peire Cardenal
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1350:Gaucelm Faidit
1347:
1342:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1300:
1298:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1266:
1265:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1238:
1236:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1211:
1205:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1136:
1128:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1105:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1094:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1070:Medieval music
1066:
1065:
1058:
1051:
1043:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1000:
998:Medieval music
990:
983:
976:
971:
965:
963:
959:
958:
956:
955:
950:
943:
931:
925:
923:
919:
918:
916:
915:
910:
904:
902:
898:
897:
894:
893:
891:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
849:
844:
838:
836:
835:3rd generation
828:
827:
825:
824:
819:
813:
808:
803:
798:
792:
790:
789:2nd generation
782:
781:
779:
778:
773:
768:
763:
757:
755:
754:1st generation
747:
746:
744:
743:
737:
735:
728:
724:
723:
720:Trecento Music
716:
715:
708:
701:
693:
687:
686:
676:Medieval Music
672:
658:
643:
640:
637:
636:
623:
615:
593:Sadie, Stanley
579:
578:
576:
573:
572:
571:
564:
561:
560:
559:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
504:
501:
420:
417:
376:
375:
373:
372:
365:
358:
350:
347:
346:
345:
344:
334:
333:
329:
328:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
291:
286:
281:
280:
279:
274:
269:
259:
254:
248:
247:
244:
243:
240:
239:
235:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
168:
167:
164:
163:
160:
159:
155:
154:
147:
142:
135:
130:
125:
120:
119:
118:
106:
101:
96:
90:
89:
86:
85:
82:
81:
80:
79:
60:
55:
54:
50:
49:
47:Medieval music
43:
42:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2480:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2432:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2370:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2327:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2273:British Isles
2271:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2135:Musical forms
2133:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2052:
2051:W. de Wycombe
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1918:Baude Cordier
1916:
1914:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1886:Ars subtilior
1882:
1878:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1742:Maestro Piero
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1723:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1675:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1663:P. des Molins
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1438:
1426:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1378:
1376:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1309:Arnaut Daniel
1307:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1271:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1187:Peter Abelard
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1170:Odo of Arezzo
1167:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1064:
1059:
1057:
1052:
1050:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1029:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
995:
994:
991:
989:
988:
987:Ars subtilior
984:
982:
981:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
966:
964:
960:
954:
951:
949:
948:
944:
940:
935:
932:
930:
927:
926:
924:
920:
914:
911:
909:
906:
905:
903:
899:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
839:
837:
833:
823:
820:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
793:
791:
787:
777:
774:
772:
771:Maestro Piero
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
758:
756:
752:
742:
739:
738:
736:
732:
729:
725:
721:
714:
709:
707:
702:
700:
695:
694:
691:
685:
684:0-393-09090-6
681:
677:
673:
671:
670:0-89917-034-X
667:
663:
659:
653:
649:
646:
645:
633:
627:
618:
612:
608:
604:
603:
598:
597:Tyrrell, John
594:
590:
584:
580:
570:
567:
566:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
531:Maestro Piero
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
513:
512:
510:
500:
498:
494:
489:
487:
481:
479:
474:
472:
471:Mother Church
468:
467:mother tongue
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
431:
426:
416:
414:
410:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
380:The Trecento
371:
366:
364:
359:
357:
352:
351:
349:
348:
343:
342:
338:
337:
336:
335:
327:
326:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
285:
282:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
264:
263:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
249:
242:
241:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
169:
165:Major figures
162:
161:
153:
152:
151:Ars subtilior
148:
146:
143:
141:
140:
136:
134:
131:
129:
126:
124:
121:
117:
114:
113:
112:
111:
107:
105:
102:
100:
99:Saint Martial
97:
95:
92:
91:
84:
83:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
58:
57:
56:
52:
51:
48:
45:
44:
40:
36:
35:
30:
19:
2416:
2382:Architecture
2254:
2239:
2206:Geisslerlied
2184:Formes fixes
2106:Notker Labeo
2071:Anonymous IV
2046:Leonel Power
2031:Thomas Fabri
2021:
1884:
1705:Predecessors
1623:
1529:Jehan Bretel
1365:Jaufre Rudel
1231:
1140:Odo of Cluny
985:
978:
945:
928:
734:Predecessors
675:
661:
631:
626:
600:
583:
506:
490:
482:
475:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
438:
428:
422:
406:
386:14th century
381:
379:
339:
323:
308:
284:Geisslerlied
262:Formes fixes
149:
137:
108:
68: /
64: /
2372:Middle Ages
2367:Early music
2329:Derivations
2162:Chansonnier
1534:Jehan Erart
1479:Colin Muset
1385:Peire Vidal
1233:Ars antiqua
993:Early music
937: [
913:Rossi Codex
901:Manuscripts
478:Rossi Codex
430:ars antiqua
394:Renaissance
245:Major forms
110:Ars antiqua
66:Instruments
2457:Categories
2397:Philosophy
2392:Literature
2360:Background
2266:Traditions
1633:F. Andrieu
1489:Gace Brulé
1329:Castelloza
1295:Trobairitz
1290:Troubadour
1182:St. Godric
575:References
455:materialis
435:troubadour
413:ritornello
396:and early
123:Troubadour
94:Saint Gall
2310:Lithuania
2174:Conductus
2064:Theorists
2036:Roy Henry
1963:Rodericus
1854:Sant Omer
1589:Minnesang
883:Sant Omer
727:Composers
511:include:
451:marigalis
443:matricale
425:conductus
257:Conductus
232:Dunstaple
182:Hildegard
133:Minnesang
74:Theorists
62:Composers
2431:Category
2336:Bardcore
2315:Portugal
2283:Scotland
2256:Planctus
2240:Madrigal
2179:Estampie
2142:Antiphon
1697:Trecento
1625:Ars nova
1584:Goliards
1441:Trouvère
1415:Sordello
1395:Perdigon
1370:Marcabru
1028:Category
980:Ars nova
962:See also
929:Madrigal
599:(eds.).
563:See also
509:Trecento
497:Petrarch
493:madrigal
459:formalis
447:madregal
439:madriale
409:strophes
390:madrigal
382:Madrigal
325:Planctus
309:Madrigal
145:Trecento
139:Ars nova
128:Trouvère
53:Overview
39:a series
37:Part of
29:Madrigal
2300:Germany
2278:England
2250:Organum
2228:Tydorel
2199:Virelai
2194:Rondeau
2189:Ballade
2157:Chanson
1933:Egidius
1928:Egardus
1648:Grimace
1579:Casella
1257:PĂ©rotin
1132:Hucbald
1119:Tuotilo
947:Ballata
486:ballata
427:of the
419:History
398:Baroque
392:of the
319:Organum
277:Virelai
272:Rondeau
267:Ballade
227:Ciconia
222:Landini
217:Machaut
197:PĂ©rotin
192:Walther
187:Bernart
104:Goliard
2441:Portal
2387:Poetry
2295:France
2290:Cyprus
2005:Others
1988:Trebor
1973:Solage
1895:Borlet
1390:Peirol
1293:&
1252:LĂ©onin
922:Genres
682:
668:
613:
595:&
463:matrix
449:, and
207:Franco
172:Notker
70:Theory
2320:Spain
2305:Italy
2245:Motet
2169:Chant
2152:Carol
2147:Canso
953:Motet
941:]
314:Motet
299:Lauda
252:Canso
212:Vitry
177:Guido
680:ISBN
666:ISBN
611:ISBN
2377:Art
2223:Lai
499:).
294:Lai
2459::
939:it
609:.
473:.
445:,
441:,
41:on
2421:→
1908:*
1825:*
1789:*
1676:*
1341:*
1297:*
1272:*
1210:?
1204:?
1172:*
1142:*
1134:*
1062:e
1055:t
1048:v
854:*
818:*
712:e
705:t
698:v
621:‎
619:.
369:e
362:t
355:v
76:)
72:(
31:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.