1909:
2375:. This is the HD-5 standard, (maximum allowable propylene content, and no more than 5% butanes and ethane) defined by the American Society for Testing and Materials by its Standard 1835 for internal combustion engines. Not all products labeled "LPG" conform to this standard, however. In Mexico, for example, gas labeled "LPG" may consist of 60% propane and 40% butane. "The exact proportion of this combination varies by country, depending on international prices, on the availability of components and, especially, on the climatic conditions that favor LPG with higher butane content in warmer regions and propane in cold areas".
2260:
cleaner exhaust for the trucks. It is normal for a 7-liter medium-duty diesel truck engine to increase fuel economy by 20 to 33 percent when a propane boost system is used. It is cheaper because propane is much cheaper than diesel fuel. The longer distance a cross-country trucker can travel on a full load of combined diesel and propane fuel means they can maintain federal hours of work rules with two fewer fuel stops in a cross-country trip. Truckers, tractor pulling competitions, and farmers have been using a propane boost system for over forty years in North
America.
467:
301:
93:
1409:
900:
83:
833:
828:
113:
2114:
2562:
896:
123:
2633:
per U.S. gallon, based on a truckload or railway car load. The price for home heating was exactly double that price; at 95 cents per gallon wholesale, a home-delivered price was $ 1.90 per gallon if ordered 500 gallons at a time. Prices in the
Midwest are always cheaper than California. Prices for home delivery always go up near the end of August or the first few days of September when people start ordering their home tanks to be filled.
1136:
2158:
1927:
25:
8009:
1103:
1362:
US gallons (210,000 m). Major industry developments in the 1930s included the introduction of railroad tank car transport, gas odorization, and the construction of local bottle-filling plants. The year 1945 marked the first year that annual LP gas sales reached a billion gallons. By 1947, 62% of all U.S. homes had been equipped with either natural gas or propane for cooking.
899:
2625:
or 400 gallons), a 7.5% increase on the 2012–2013 winter season average US price. However, propane costs per gallon change significantly from one state to another: the Energy
Information Administration (EIA) quotes a $ 2.995 per gallon average on the East Coast for October 2013, while the figure for the Midwest was $ 1.860 for the same period.
2284:. Propane does not burn as hot as acetylene in its inner cone, and so it is rarely used for welding. Propane, however, has a very high number of BTUs per cubic foot in its outer cone, and so with the right torch (injector style) it can make a faster and cleaner cut than acetylene, and is much more useful for heating and bending than acetylene.
901:
2344:(also called propene) can be a contaminant of commercial propane. Propane containing too much propene is not suited for most vehicle fuels. HD-5 is a specification that establishes a maximum concentration of 5% propene in propane. Propane and other LP gas specifications are established in ASTM D-1835. All propane fuels include an
2628:
As of
December 2015 the propane retail cost was approximately $ 1.97 per gallon, which meant filling a 500-gallon propane tank to 80% capacity costed $ 788, a 16.9% decrease or $ 160 less from November 2013. Similar regional differences in prices are present with the December 2015 EIA figure for
1361:
The 1920s saw increased production of LP gases, with the first year of recorded production totaling 223,000 US gallons (840 m) in 1922. In 1927, annual marketed LP gas production reached 1 million US gallons (3,800 m), and by 1935, the annual sales of LP gas had reached 56 million
2632:
As of August 2018 the average US propane retail cost was approximately $ 2.48 per gallon. The wholesale price of propane in the U.S. always drops in the summer as most homes do not require it for home heating. The wholesale price of propane in the summer of 2018 was between 86 cents to 96 cents
2624:
As of
October 2013, the retail cost of propane was approximately $ 2.37 per gallon, or roughly $ 25.95 per 1 million BTUs. This means that filling a 500-gallon propane tank, which is what households that use propane as their main source of energy usually require, cost $ 948 (80% of 500 gallons
1901:
The density of propane gas at 25 °C (77 °F) is 1.808 kg/m, about 1.5× the density of air at the same temperature. The density of liquid propane at 25 °C (77 °F) is 0.493 g/cm, which is equivalent to 4.11 pounds per U.S. liquid gallon or 493 g/L. Propane expands at
2524:
The supply of propane cannot easily be adjusted to meet increased demand, because of the by-product nature of propane production. About 90% of U.S. propane is domestically produced. The United States imports about 10% of the propane consumed each year, with about 70% of that coming from Canada via
2465:
Propane is denser than air. If a leak in a propane fuel system occurs, the vaporized gas will have a tendency to sink into any enclosed area and thus poses a risk of explosion and fire. The typical scenario is a leaking cylinder stored in a basement; the propane leak drifts across the floor to the
2337:
The North
American standard grade of automotive-use propane is rated HD-5 (Heavy Duty 5%). HD-5 grade has a maximum of 5 percent butane, but propane sold in Europe has a maximum allowable amount of butane of 30 percent, meaning it is not the same fuel as HD-5. The LPG used as auto fuel and cooking
2232:
of propane is relatively high at 110. In the United States the propane fueling infrastructure is the most developed of all alternative vehicle fuels. Many converted vehicles have provisions for topping off from "barbecue bottles". Purpose-built vehicles are often in commercially owned fleets, and
2227:
The advantage of propane in cars is its liquid state at a moderate pressure. This allows fast refill times, affordable fuel cylinder construction, and price ranges typically just over half that of gasoline. Meanwhile, it is noticeably cleaner (both in handling, and in combustion), results in less
2075:
in conventional stationary refrigeration and air conditioning systems. Because its global warming effect is far less than current refrigerants, propane was chosen as one of five replacement refrigerants approved by the EPA in 2015, for use in systems specially designed to handle its flammability.
1357:
developed ways to liquefy the LP gases during the refining of gasoline. Together, they established
American Gasol Co., the first commercial marketer of propane. Snelling had produced relatively pure propane by 1911, and on March 25, 1913, his method of processing and producing LP gases was issued
2121:
Since it can be transported easily, it is a popular fuel for home heat and backup electrical generation in sparsely populated areas that do not have natural gas pipelines. In June 2023, Stanford researchers found propane combustion emitted detectable and repeatable levels of benzene that in some
2259:
Many heavy-duty highway trucks use propane as a boost, where it is added through the turbocharger, to mix with diesel fuel droplets. Propane droplets' very high hydrogen content helps the diesel fuel to burn hotter and therefore more completely. This provides more torque, more horsepower, and a
2132:
In North
America, local delivery trucks with an average cylinder size of 3,000 US gallons (11 m), fill up large cylinders that are permanently installed on the property, or other service trucks exchange empty cylinders of propane with filled cylinders. Large tractor-trailer trucks, with an
2398:
cylinder used for a soda concession) a CNG cylinder may burst with great force, or leak rapidly enough to become a self-propelled missile. Therefore, CNG is much less efficient to store than propane, due to the large cylinder volume required. An alternative means of storing natural gas is as a
1255:
makes it vaporise inside pressurised liquid containers (it exists in two phases, vapor above liquid). It retains its ability to vaporise even in cold weather, making it better-suited for outdoor use in cold climates than alternatives with higher boiling points like butane. LPG powers buses,
1268:. Propane is becoming popular as a replacement refrigerant (R290) for heatpumps also as it offers greater efficiency than the current refrigerants: R410A / R32, higher temperature heat output and less damage to the atmosphere for escaped gasses - at the expense of high gas flammability.
1369:, and by 1958, sales in the U.S. had reached 7 billion US gallons (26,000,000 m) annually. In 2004, it was reported to be a growing $ 8-billion to $ 10-billion industry with over 15 billion US gallons (57,000,000 m) of propane being used annually in the U.S.
3211:
NIOSH . Odor fade in natural gas and propane. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 2021-106 (revised 01/2022),
2702:
Similarly, the retained names 'ethane', 'propane', and 'butane' were never replaced by systematic names 'dicarbane', 'tricarbane', and 'tetracarbane' as recommended for analogues of silane, 'disilane'; phosphane, 'triphosphane'; and sulfane,
11378:
2240:, especially those used indoors or in areas with insufficient fresh air and ventilation to carry away the more toxic exhaust of an engine running on gasoline or diesel fuel. More recently, there have been lawn-care products like
1893:) is −2043.455 kJ/mol. The lower heat value is the amount of heat available from burning the substance where the combustion products are vented to the atmosphere; for example, the heat from a fireplace when the flue is open.
2413:
Propane is much more commonly used to fuel vehicles than is natural gas, because that equipment costs less. Propane requires just 1,220 kilopascals (177 psi) of pressure to keep it liquid at 37.8 °C (100 °F).
917:
2760:
2086:
Vendors and advocates of hydrocarbon refrigerants argue against such bans on the grounds that there have been very few such incidents relative to the number of vehicle air conditioning systems filled with hydrocarbons.
3226:
1746:
1612:
841:
2315:
Propane is used as a propellant, relying on the expansion of the gas to fire the projectile. It does not ignite the gas. The use of a liquefied gas gives more shots per cylinder, compared to a compressed
1849:
4187:
Propane is a simple asphyxiant and does not present an IDLH hazard at concentrations below its lower explosive limit (LEL). The chosen IDLH is based on the LEL of 21,000 ppm rounded down to 20,000 ppm.
2122:
homes raised indoor benzene concentrations above well-established health benchmarks. The research also shows that gas and propane fuels appear to be the dominant source of benzene produced by cooking.
1248:, it became commercially available in the US by 1911. Propane has lower volumetric energy density than gasoline or coal, but has higher gravimetric energy density than them and burns more cleanly.
2466:
pilot light on the furnace or water heater, and results in an explosion or fire. This property makes propane generally unsuitable as a fuel for boats. In 2007, a heavily investigated vapor-related
11278:
2129:
it is usually stored in a large, permanently-placed cylinder which is refilled by a propane-delivery truck. As of 2014, 6.2 million
American households use propane as their primary heating fuel.
10228:
808:
2125:
In rural areas of North America, as well as northern Australia, propane is used to heat livestock facilities, in grain dryers, and other heat-producing appliances. When used for heating or
10310:
2044:
Blends of pure, dry "isopropane" can be used as the circulating refrigerant in suitably constructed compressor-based refrigeration. Compared to fluorocarbons, propane has a negligible
2352:, so that the gas can be smelled easily in case of a leak. Propane as HD-5 was originally intended for use as vehicle fuel. HD-5 is currently being used in all propane applications.
3582:
2233:
have private fueling facilities. A further saving for propane fuel vehicle operators, especially in fleets, is that theft is much more difficult than with gasoline or diesel fuels.
2489:
involved a railroad tank car in Kingman, Arizona, U.S., in 1973 during a propane transfer. The fire and subsequent explosions resulted in twelve fatalities and numerous injuries.
2141:. In many countries, propane is delivered to end-users via small or medium-sized individual cylinders, while empty cylinders are removed for refilling at a central location.
4087:
10340:
9029:
2228:
engine wear (due to carbon deposits) without diluting engine oil (often extending oil-change intervals), and until recently was relatively low-cost in North America. The
1905:
As the density of propane changes with temperature, this fact must be considered every time when the application is connected with safety or custody transfer operations.
1889:
The enthalpy of combustion of propane gas where products do not return to standard state, for example where the hot gases including water vapor exit a chimney, (known as
2462:
at atmospheric pressure and cool well below the freezing point of water. The cold gas, which appears white due to moisture condensing from the air, may cause frostbite.
2394:. As a gas, very high pressure is required to store useful quantities. This poses the hazard that, in an accident, just as with any compressed gas cylinder (such as a CO
3829:
Kashtan, Yannai S.; Nicholson, Metta; Finnegan, Colin; Ouyang, Zutao; Lebel, Eric D.; Michanowicz, Drew R.; Shonkoff, Seth B. C.; Jackson, Robert B. (June 15, 2023).
902:
2216:
In the U.S., over 190,000 on-road vehicles use propane, and over 450,000 forklifts use it for power. It is the third most popular vehicle fuel in the world, behind
92:
10355:
10345:
7733:
7406:
3132:
7725:
7502:
7470:
6707:
6683:
6671:
5086:
910:
3969:
1882:
of combustion of propane gas where all products return to standard state, for example where water returns to its liquid state at standard temperature (known as
11685:
7717:
7661:
7494:
7462:
7414:
7374:
7151:
7130:
6743:
6731:
6719:
6695:
3314:
Pittam, D. A.; Pilcher, G. (1972). "Measurements of heats of combustion by flame calorimetry. Part 8.—Methane, ethane, propane, n-butane and 2-methylpropane".
3695:
1858:
is almost as low as that of natural gas. Propane burns hotter than home heating oil or diesel fuel because of the very high hydrogen content. The presence of
10330:
10315:
7709:
7685:
7653:
7611:
7574:
7446:
7366:
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7138:
7125:
7109:
7069:
7053:
7045:
3293:
2782:
970:
3779:
3754:
2517:
from the raw gas, to prevent condensation of these volatiles in natural gas pipelines. Additionally, oil refineries produce some propane as a by-product of
10300:
10295:
10290:
7595:
7566:
7550:
7518:
7486:
7438:
7156:
7061:
7037:
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3546:
1870:, produce organic exhausts besides carbon dioxide and water vapor during typical combustion. These bonds also cause propane to burn with a visible flame.
1625:
10335:
8656:
7587:
7542:
7534:
7510:
7478:
7398:
7143:
1358:
patent #1,056,845. A separate method of producing LP gas through compression was developed by Frank Peterson and its patent was granted on July 2, 1912.
3487:"Experimental investigation of R600a as a low GWP substitute to R134a in the closed-loop two-phase thermosyphon of the mini thermoelectric refrigerator"
1485:/n. The low space-filling of 58.5% (at 90 K), due to the bad stacking properties of the molecule, is the reason for the particularly low melting point.
8159:
7526:
7390:
7250:
3720:
1415:
of a propane flame using thin-filament velocimetry. The hottest parts of the flame are in a hollow cone-shaped area near its base and pointing upward.
1116:
3625:
3082:
11630:
11364:
10325:
7603:
7214:
7117:
4003:
3514:
11532:
9184:
9022:
8382:
7701:
6368:
6274:
6250:
6238:
1503:
6310:
6298:
6286:
6262:
4119:
1750:
924:
6356:
5872:
5860:
3056:
2572:
2224:. In other parts of the world, propane used in vehicles is known as autogas. In 2007, approximately 13 million vehicles worldwide use autogas.
5695:
3713:
2312:
Propane is commonly used in theme parks and in movie production as an inexpensive, high-energy fuel for explosions and other special effects.
2133:
average cylinder size of 10,000 US gallons (38 m), transport propane from the pipeline or refinery to the local bulk plant. The bobtail
1902:
1.5% per 10 °F. Thus, liquid propane has a density of approximately 4.2 pounds per gallon (504 g/L) at 60 °F (15.6 °C).
9038:
8587:
6322:
6198:
5909:
5848:
5731:
5719:
5707:
5440:
5405:
1143:) steel propane cylinder. This cylinder is fitted with an overfill prevention device (OPD) valve, as evidenced by the trilobular handwheel.
506:
4278:
3676:
3578:
3279:
3026:
11581:
10403:
9060:
9015:
8809:
6083:
6059:
6047:
4995:
4301:
693:
3657:
41:
11602:
11288:
11283:
10833:
10567:
10562:
10557:
10547:
10398:
6917:
6119:
6107:
6095:
6071:
5820:
1377:
4094:
3607:
1396:", which in turn was named after the Greek words protos (meaning first) and pion (fat), as it was the "first" member of the series of
10758:
10218:
5786:
2482:
2137:
is not unique to the North American market, though the practice is not as common elsewhere, and the vehicles are generally called
3107:
2083:
hydrocarbons in systems originally designed to carry non-flammable refrigerant presents a significant risk of fire or explosion.
2976:
8152:
777:
4467:
3401:
2695:
2052:(having a GWP value of 0.072, 13.9 times lower than the GWP of carbon dioxide) and can serve as a functional replacement for
750:
4199:
3944:
2814:
2525:
pipeline and rail. The remaining 30% of imported propane comes to the United States from other sources via ocean transport.
875:
8473:
8375:
3632:
3418:
3001:
2079:
Such substitution is widely prohibited or discouraged in motor vehicle air conditioning systems, on the grounds that using
1224:
in domestic and industrial applications and in low-emissions public transportation; other constituents of LPG may include
7787:
2032:
of −42 °C (−44 °F) makes it vaporize as soon as it is released from its pressurized container. Therefore, no
1991:
11626:
11057:
8616:
8145:
4525:
4448:
3976:
3309:
2606:
2197:
2010:
1201:
481:
2856:
1963:
4055:
3699:
3534:
2917:
2838:
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1111:
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1123:
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4988:
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3758:
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612:
3805:
1332:
caused them to be known as "wild" because of the high vapor pressures of unrefined gasoline. On March 31, 1912,
1328:
in 1910, which marked the "birth of the propane industry" in the United States. The volatility of these lighter
8545:
4962:
4020:
3553:
2322:
Propane is used as a propellant for many household aerosol sprays, including shaving creams and air fresheners.
2179:
1970:
1948:
2880:
10577:
8935:
8646:
7833:
3336:"Calorimetric determination of the heats of combustion of ethane, propane, normal butane, and normal pentane"
1854:
Propane combustion is much cleaner than that of coal or unleaded gasoline. Propane's per-BTU production of CO
1321:
154:
112:
8540:
3727:
1883:
11655:
11622:
8731:
5004:
2281:
1890:
869:
414:
296:
4126:
3486:
2407:(LNG). This form of storage is at low pressure and is around 3.5 times as efficient as storing it as CNG.
82:
11670:
11346:
10457:
8949:
8458:
7814:
2470:
occurred in Ghent, West Virginia, U.S., killing four people and completely destroying the Little General
2383:
Propane is bought and stored in a liquid form, LPG. It can easily be stored in a relatively small space.
2095:
1977:
445:
258:
4498:
4254:
2529:
11665:
10467:
8942:
8698:
4981:
4150:
2679:
994:
981:
4428:
1251:
Propane gas has become a popular choice for barbecues and portable stoves because its low −42 °C
122:
11690:
8789:
7013:
2756:
2061:
2045:
1366:
832:
308:
10482:
10477:
10472:
3240:
3060:
2410:
Unlike propane, if a spill occurs, CNG will evaporate and dissipate because it is lighter than air.
1959:
462:
11039:
11035:
10208:
8651:
8609:
8391:
7913:
4405:
4390:
3680:
2676:
Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book)
2588:
2175:
2049:
1944:
947:
3916:
1392:" root found in "propane" and names of other compounds with three-carbon chains was derived from "
8871:
8830:
8636:
8599:
8306:
7960:
7629:
3347:
3133:"Pandemic is creating an increase in demand for propane, as some homeowners struggle to get some"
2356:
2168:
2053:
1937:
1217:
701:
37:
3213:
827:
9224:
8996:
8835:
8673:
8512:
8453:
8048:
7943:
7938:
7923:
7780:
7430:
3316:
Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases
3037:
2502:
2430:, it is denser than air. It may accumulate in low spaces and near the floor. When abused as an
2387:
1859:
33:
4305:
4231:
1908:
11700:
11675:
11569:
11247:
8866:
8794:
8746:
8621:
8259:
7948:
7933:
7558:
7422:
7382:
7093:
6540:
6523:
5076:
5071:
4518:
3661:
3287:
2431:
2404:
2390:(CNG) cannot be liquefied by compression at normal temperatures, as these are well above its
2057:
855:
820:
643:
96:
Skeletal formula of propane with all implicit carbons shown, and all explicit hydrogens added
2144:
There are also community propane systems, with a central cylinder feeding individual homes.
11695:
11351:
9977:
9852:
8991:
8575:
7693:
7637:
7169:
7085:
6822:
5585:
3842:
3611:
2724:
2518:
2391:
1261:
423:
142:
10441:
2715:
Lide, David R. Jr. (1960). "Microwave Spectrum, Structure, and Dipole Moment of Propane".
278:
8:
11477:
11360:
10487:
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9502:
9344:
9052:
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8053:
7754:
7645:
7330:
7164:
6786:
6560:
5806:
5580:
5081:
4462:
4372:
4357:
4327:
3831:"Gas and Propane Combustion from Stoves Emits Benzene and Increases Indoor Air Pollution"
3502:
2541:
2455:
1469:, and is commonly called a "rotten egg" smell. At normal pressure it liquifies below its
1285:
1277:
1245:
1085:
172:
8205:
4255:"Investigation Report:Little General Store-Propane Explosion (four killed, six injured)"
3863:
3846:
3830:
3372:
3335:
3002:"GAS PLANT IN STEEL BOTTLE.; Dr. Snelling's Process Gives Month's Supply in Liquid Form"
2728:
466:
300:
238:
182:
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11117:
11015:
10672:
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9677:
9279:
8507:
8063:
8023:
7318:
7313:
7222:
7206:
6813:
6647:
6617:
6553:
4435:. Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis. Vol. 167. Elsevier. pp. 349–354.
4342:
3506:
3467:
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1334:
1317:
218:
4440:
3254:
Boese R, Weiss HC, Blaser D (1999). "The melting point alternation in the short-chain
2749:
206:
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9687:
9464:
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7677:
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7235:
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6992:
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5996:
5397:
5327:
5187:
5135:
5119:
5111:
5032:
4444:
4016:
3868:
3510:
3471:
3459:
3397:
3187:
3083:"Propane shortage: An unexpected side effect of the pandemic and restaurant mandates"
2980:
2691:
2533:
2486:
2471:
2459:
2435:
2069:
1984:
1373:
7266:
4433:
Natural Gas Conversion VIII, Proceedings of the 8th Natural Gas Conversion Symposium
2481:
Another hazard associated with propane storage and transport is known as a BLEVE or
2458:. Commonly stored under pressure at room temperature, propane and its mixtures will
11660:
11650:
11273:
10939:
10426:
10203:
10173:
10105:
10012:
9682:
9562:
9454:
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7454:
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7021:
6982:
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5516:
5160:
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4511:
4436:
4426:
4202:. Greater Dallas Council on Alcohol & Drug Abuse. March 4, 2006. Archived from
4008:
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3498:
3449:
3351:
3323:
3275:
3156:
2899:
2732:
2683:
2528:
After it is separated from the crude oil, North American propane is stored in huge
1301:
1153:
632:
529:
7339:
7286:
6873:
2922:
2548:. These salt caverns can store 80,000,000 barrels (13,000,000 m) of propane.
11565:
11430:
11414:
11402:
11356:
11307:
11122:
11097:
11092:
10906:
10639:
10492:
9294:
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9084:
8981:
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8861:
8497:
7918:
7305:
7185:
7029:
6987:
6963:
6949:
6935:
5601:
5252:
5127:
5042:
5022:
4252:
4203:
3948:
3183:
2580:
2443:
2372:
2306:
2299:
1615:
1462:
960:
714:
387:
342:
6998:
5052:
5012:
3639:
3454:
3437:
2687:
11577:
11406:
11315:
11182:
11177:
10601:
9489:
9394:
9269:
9234:
9229:
9115:
9080:
8891:
8881:
8799:
8663:
8594:
8532:
7880:
7280:
7230:
6501:
5593:
5300:
5276:
5264:
5240:
5143:
5027:
4973:
4957:
4932:
4427:
Kaoru Fujimoto; Hiroshi Kaneko; Qianwen Zhang; Qingjie Ge; Xiaohong Li (2007).
2796:
2545:
2447:
2345:
2292:
2241:
1497:
1393:
1313:
1257:
1094:
688:
667:
656:
8008:
6479:
5953:
4472:
4406:"Residential Propane: Weekly Heating Oil and Propane Prices (October – March)"
4391:"Residential Propane: Weekly Heating Oil and Propane Prices (October – March)"
3177:
2903:
2778:
2328:
Liquified propane is used in the extraction of animal fats and vegetable oils.
2028:
Propane is a popular choice for barbecues and portable stoves because the low
11644:
11573:
11536:
11410:
11336:
11331:
11321:
11257:
11197:
11127:
10972:
10929:
10135:
10100:
10075:
9887:
9747:
9727:
9722:
9712:
9707:
9607:
9497:
9439:
9434:
9419:
9399:
9389:
9369:
9359:
9349:
9314:
9284:
9274:
9219:
9143:
9090:
9075:
8986:
8918:
8896:
8756:
8668:
8565:
8517:
8487:
8448:
8318:
8279:
8266:
8252:
8179:
8079:
4482:
4217:
4088:"Suburban Propane Material Safety Data Sheet for Commercial Odorized Propane"
4012:
3463:
3280:
10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19990401)38:7<988::AID-ANIE988>3.3.CO;2-S
3191:
2288:
2253:
2229:
2029:
1474:
1470:
1281:
1252:
731:
602:
592:
334:
289:
8360:
5461:
4175:
4062:
3854:
1408:
607:−42.25 to −42.04 °C; −44.05 to −43.67 °F; 230.90 to 231.11 K
11445:
11187:
11137:
11107:
11052:
11010:
11005:
11000:
10990:
10985:
10914:
10572:
10537:
10532:
10502:
10451:
10378:
10070:
10060:
9832:
9827:
9817:
9812:
9742:
9567:
9557:
9449:
9409:
9374:
9354:
9339:
9324:
9259:
9254:
9239:
9209:
9204:
9189:
9135:
9125:
8876:
8741:
8721:
8706:
8641:
8582:
8570:
8185:
8104:
8089:
7875:
7860:
7855:
7746:
7297:
6900:
6605:
6593:
6336:
6226:
6145:
4037:"ASTM D1835 - 16 Standard Specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases"
3872:
2584:
2506:
2249:
2237:
2126:
2091:
2080:
2036:
or other vaporizing device is required; a simple metering nozzle suffices.
1339:
1329:
1305:
1070:
4036:
3547:"European Commission on retrofit refrigerants for stationary applications"
2629:
the East Coast at $ 2.67 per gallon and the Midwest at $ 1.43 per gallon.
2113:
923:
11527:
11522:
11492:
11472:
11227:
11207:
11157:
10980:
10962:
10957:
10947:
10924:
10919:
10886:
10808:
10649:
10616:
10606:
10462:
10446:
10350:
10233:
10150:
10130:
10120:
10090:
10055:
10007:
9997:
9957:
9952:
9927:
9912:
9872:
9862:
9797:
9767:
9717:
9662:
9637:
9617:
9612:
9577:
9474:
9429:
9384:
9364:
9329:
9304:
9199:
9176:
9100:
9070:
8726:
8440:
8417:
8191:
8126:
8121:
8028:
7905:
7870:
6940:
6755:
6630:
6344:
6214:
5671:
5659:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5525:
5228:
5216:
5204:
4898:
4881:
4813:
4779:
4762:
3356:
3327:
2475:
2427:
2349:
2245:
2221:
2072:
1478:
1241:
1209:
936:
11592:
4253:
US Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (September 25, 2008).
3370:
909:
11560:
11512:
11507:
11425:
11420:
11326:
11297:
11293:
11202:
11167:
11112:
11102:
11062:
10995:
10823:
10788:
10753:
10748:
10702:
10692:
10621:
10582:
10542:
10527:
10507:
10497:
10436:
10431:
10421:
10388:
10370:
10266:
10213:
10178:
10125:
10115:
10085:
10080:
10017:
9992:
9947:
9922:
9902:
9882:
9877:
9867:
9847:
9802:
9792:
9777:
9737:
9732:
9702:
9657:
9652:
9632:
9622:
9602:
9597:
9587:
9547:
9542:
9537:
9532:
9527:
9517:
9512:
9507:
9479:
9334:
9249:
9244:
9130:
9120:
9095:
8209:
8109:
8099:
8094:
8084:
8033:
6659:
6581:
6455:
5683:
5288:
4915:
4847:
4830:
4796:
4234:. US Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board. September 25, 2008
3721:"Queensland (Australia) government warning on hydrocarbon refrigerants"
3258:-alkanes: Single-crystal X-ray analyses of propane at 30 K and of
2498:
2400:
2182: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2134:
2033:
1489:
1397:
1205:
916:
551:
309:
269:
3696:"Saskatchewan Labour bulletin on hydrocarbon refrigerants in vehicles"
2736:
11550:
11502:
11497:
11482:
11440:
11435:
11393:
11388:
11383:
11341:
11237:
11222:
11162:
11147:
11132:
10952:
10863:
10818:
10783:
10773:
10743:
10738:
10723:
10697:
10659:
10654:
10631:
10626:
10611:
10517:
10512:
10393:
10271:
10261:
10253:
10188:
10165:
10145:
10140:
10110:
10095:
10065:
10047:
10037:
10032:
10027:
10022:
10002:
9987:
9982:
9972:
9967:
9962:
9932:
9907:
9857:
9842:
9837:
9822:
9807:
9787:
9782:
9772:
9762:
9757:
9752:
9672:
9667:
9642:
9572:
9552:
9522:
9444:
9379:
9309:
9299:
9264:
9161:
9065:
8906:
8901:
8886:
8711:
8683:
8678:
8468:
8463:
8399:
8330:
8228:
8116:
8038:
7890:
6514:
6206:
6177:
6023:
5893:
5836:
5647:
5563:
5370:
4745:
3626:
Compendium of hydrocarbon-refrigerant policy statements, October 2006
3373:"How much carbon dioxide is produced when different fuels are burned"
2652:
2439:
2364:
2341:
2274:
2270:
2102:
1863:
1741:{\displaystyle {\ce {C3H8 + 9/2 O2 -> 2 CO2 + CO + 4 H2O + heat}}}
1412:
1309:
1265:
1237:
1213:
1042:
434:
4403:
4388:
4370:
4355:
4325:
2157:
1926:
1851:
The complete combustion of propane produces about 50 MJ/kg of heat.
1496:. In the presence of excess oxygen, propane burns to form water and
1353:
in cooperation with Frank P. Peterson, Chester Kerr, and Arthur Kerr
1135:
1093:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
626:
370 K (97 °C; 206 °F), 4.23 MPa (41.7 atm)
11607:
11540:
11517:
11466:
11462:
11458:
11398:
11372:
11232:
11192:
11172:
11152:
11142:
11082:
11077:
10891:
10853:
10803:
10768:
10733:
10728:
10712:
10707:
10687:
10682:
10677:
10664:
10552:
10360:
10237:
10223:
10198:
10193:
10183:
10155:
9942:
9937:
9917:
9897:
9892:
9692:
9647:
9627:
9592:
9582:
9469:
9424:
9414:
9319:
9214:
9194:
9110:
8976:
8771:
8761:
8348:
8312:
8168:
8058:
8043:
7994:
7895:
7865:
7850:
7823:
7796:
6930:
6509:
6405:
6165:
6035:
5936:
5901:
5794:
5765:
5635:
5432:
5192:
4728:
4711:
4178:. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
3755:"New South Wales (Australia) Parliamentary record, 16 October 1997"
2882:
Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l'Académie des sciences
2642:
2451:
2423:
2252:
intended for outdoor use, but fueled by propane in order to reduce
2217:
1879:
1325:
882:
362:
326:
3658:"Society of Automotive Engineers hydrocarbon refrigerant bulletin"
3438:"LPG Accounting Specificity During ITS Storage and Transportation"
2776:
205:
11554:
11544:
11303:
11242:
11217:
11087:
11067:
11047:
10868:
10858:
10843:
10828:
10813:
10798:
10793:
10778:
10763:
10644:
10383:
10243:
9697:
9404:
9105:
8825:
8695:
8560:
8430:
7968:
6769:
6432:
6153:
6015:
5828:
5757:
5743:
5619:
5362:
5335:
5171:
4864:
4643:
4609:
4545:
4477:
2537:
2325:
Propane is a promising feedstock for the production of propylene.
2211:
1466:
1225:
1060:
582:
374:
65:
61:
3780:"New South Wales (Australia) Parliamentary record, 29 June 2000"
11487:
11450:
11072:
11025:
10896:
10878:
10838:
10522:
10320:
8966:
8716:
8342:
8324:
8300:
7973:
7885:
7840:
6397:
6389:
5627:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5179:
4694:
4677:
4660:
4626:
4592:
4558:
4534:
4456:
3108:"Southwest Louisiana is experiencing a propane supply shortage"
2514:
2510:
2368:
2360:
1867:
1619:
1493:
1233:
1229:
1186:
1183:
1065:
1037:
1032:
249:
3975:. National Propane Gas Association. April 2001. Archived from
3828:
2359:
is primarily propane (at least 90%), while the rest is mostly
1607:{\displaystyle {\ce {C3H8 + 5 O2 -> 3 CO2 + 4 H2O + heat}}}
10848:
8294:
6131:
6007:
3942:
3214:
https://doi.org/10.26616/NIOSHPUB2021106revised012022external
3054:
2915:"Substitutions inverses", Marcellin Berthelot, pp. 48-58 in
2898:, Seth C. Rasmussen, Springer, 2018, ISBN 978-3-319-95489-9,
2571:
deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a
2338:
gas in Asia and Australia also has very high butane content.
2101:
It has also been proposed to use propane as a refrigerant in
1614:
When insufficient oxygen is present for complete combustion,
1389:
398:
229:
195:
8137:
2974:
2117:
Domestic spherical steel pressure vessel for propane storage
2098:
and is commonly used for camping and recreational vehicles.
1844:{\displaystyle {\ce {C3H8 + 2 O2 -> 3 C + 4 H2O + heat}}}
1380:
were reported in the United States due to increased demand.
450:
10281:
7928:
7765:
4431:. In Noronha, F.B.; Schmal, M.; Sousa-Aguiar, E.F. (eds.).
4299:
1221:
1171:
1165:
1007:
572:
353:
4503:
4389:
US Energy Information Administration (December 12, 2015).
4371:
US Energy Information Administration (November 12, 2013).
4356:
US Energy Information Administration (November 12, 2013).
4326:
US Energy Information Administration (November 12, 2013).
4056:"Amerigas Material Safety Data Sheet for Odorized Propane"
3633:"MACS bulletin: hydrocarbon refrigerant usage in vehicles"
2287:
Propane is used as a feedstock for the production of base
1338:
reported on Snelling's work with liquefied gas, saying "a
8736:
8245:
4421:
3027:"The First Fifty Years of LP-Gas: An Industry Chronology"
1828:
1798:
1778:
1765:
1725:
1699:
1679:
1653:
1640:
1591:
1571:
1551:
1531:
1518:
1343:
4488:
4404:
US Energy Information Administration (August 11, 2018).
2885:(in French). Vol. 140. Académie des Sciences. 1905.
1365:
In 1950, 1,000 propane-fueled buses were ordered by the
8215:
4429:"Direct synthesis of propane/butane from synthesis gas"
3419:"Propylene Production by Propane Dehydrogenation (PDH)"
2896:
Acetylene and Its Polymers : 150+ Years of History
1886:), is (2,219.2 ± 0.5) kJ/mol, or (50.33 ± 0.01) MJ/kg.
9037:
4493:
4220:. National Inhalant Prevention Coalition. 30 May 2020.
4117:
1659:
5952:
2783:
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1753:
1628:
1506:
1174:
861:
327:
5460:
2509:. The processing of natural gas involves removal of
1276:
Propane was first synthesized by the French chemist
1168:
1162:
1159:
3970:"Facts About Propane: America's Exceptional Energy"
3757:. Parliament.nsw.gov.au. 1997-10-16. Archived from
3679:. Shadetreemechanic.com. 2005-04-27. Archived from
2305:It is used in semiconductor manufacture to deposit
1951:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1156:
4384:
4382:
4120:"Liquefied Petroleum Gas Market Outlook 2008–2017"
3938:
3936:
2803:. NOAA Office of Response and Restoration, US GOV.
1912:Temperature–density curve for liquid/vapor propane
1843:
1740:
1606:
1256:forklifts, automobiles, outboard boat motors, and
11590:Unsorted benzodiazepine site positive modulators:
3677:"Shade Tree Mechanic on hydrocarbon refrigerants"
3292:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
2937:
661:853.16 kPa (at 21.1 °C (70.0 °F))
32:It has been suggested that parts of this page be
11642:
5003:
4485:Descriptive Breakdown of Propane Characteristics
3579:"Why Your Fridge Pollutes and How It's Changing"
3535:Climate Change 2021 – The Physical Science Basis
3253:
1204:, but compressible to a transportable liquid. A
587:2.0098 kg/m (at 0 °C, 101.3 kPa)
386:
4478:Propane Education & Research Council (U.S.)
4379:
3933:
3714:VASA on refrigerant legality & advisability
3157:"Online Etymology Dictionary entry for propane"
2108:
1477:at −187.7 °C. Propane crystallizes in the
898:
181:
4143:
4004:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
3698:. Labour.gov.sk.ca. 2010-06-29. Archived from
3371:United States Energy Information Association.
2674:"General Principles, Rules, and Conventions".
2378:
463:DTXSID501019643 DTXSID5026386, DTXSID501019643
11686:GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators
9023:
8390:
8376:
8153:
7781:
4989:
4519:
4397:
3884:
3882:
3333:
3313:
2569:The examples and perspective in this article
4340:
4125:. Mexican Ministry of Energy. Archived from
4085:
3396:(Fifth ed.). McGraw Hill. p. 925.
3392:Ҫengel, Yunus A.; Boles, Michael A. (2006).
3312:. NIST Standard Reference Data referring to
2761:Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
2454:since it is not readily absorbed and is not
1346:to light an ordinary home for three weeks".
597:−187.7 °C; −305.8 °F; 85.5 K
9039:
8810:Hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle
6865:
6629:
6552:
5524:
5064:
4358:"East Coast Heating Oil and Propane Prices"
3915:Council, Propane Education & Research.
3391:
2942:. Vol. 3. Macmillan. pp. 144–145.
2839:"The difference between butane and propane"
2669:
2667:
2355:Typically in the United States and Canada,
1403:
1304:and water. Propane was found dissolved in
1244:. Discovered in 1857 by the French chemist
9030:
9016:
8383:
8369:
8160:
8146:
7788:
7774:
6448:
4996:
4982:
4526:
4512:
4192:
3943:Propane Education & Research Council.
3888:
3879:
3055:Propane Education & Research Council.
2970:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2094:refrigeration, as the energy source for a
2090:Propane is also instrumental in providing
1324:highlighted it as a volatile component in
465:
299:
277:
6471:
6335:
6197:
5104:
3917:"Community Propane Systems | Propane.com"
3862:
3453:
3355:
2607:Learn how and when to remove this message
2198:Learn how and when to remove this message
2011:Learn how and when to remove this message
1817:
1807:
1787:
1714:
1688:
1580:
1560:
1540:
422:
5929:
5892:
5425:
5390:
4373:"Midwest Heating Oil and Propane Prices"
4232:"Little General Store Propane Explosion"
3896:. Propane Education and Research Council
2777:NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards.
2664:
2521:petroleum into gasoline or heating oil.
2483:boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion
2269:Propane is the primary flammable gas in
2112:
1907:
1492:reactions in a similar fashion to other
1473:at −42 °C and solidifies below its
1407:
1134:
941:−104 °C (−155 °F; 169 K)
6806:
6425:
5819:
5355:
4468:National Propane Gas Association (U.S.)
4463:International Chemical Safety Card 0319
4271:
3806:"Scientists back propane in heat pumps"
3803:
3782:. Parliament.nsw.gov.au. Archived from
3608:"U.S. EPA hydrocarbon-refrigerants FAQ"
3484:
3435:
3394:Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
3340:Bureau of Standards Journal of Research
3305:
3303:
3179:Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary
3130:
2961:
2319:Propane is also used as a cooking fuel.
1216:refining, it is often a constituent of
461:
11643:
6842:
6768:
6388:
5785:
5756:
5618:
5170:
4473:NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
3835:Environmental Science & Technology
3585:from the original on February 26, 2021
3364:
3080:
2938:Roscoe, H.E.; Schorlemmer, C. (1881).
2772:
2770:
2768:
1465:is added as a safety precaution as an
1461:Propane is a colorless, odorless gas.
1420: >1,750 K (1,480 °C)
1260:, and is used for heat and cooking in
955:470 °C (878 °F; 743 K)
290:
9011:
8364:
8141:
7769:
6144:
6006:
5320:
4977:
4507:
4000:
3660:. Sae.org. 2005-04-27. Archived from
3416:
3227:"What to do if You Smell Propane Gas"
3057:"Fact Sheet – The History of Propane"
2952:
2743:
1349:It was during this time that Snelling
1284:. Berthelot made propane by heating
1001:TWA 1,000 ppm (1,800 mg/m)
988:TWA 1,000 ppm (1,800 mg/m)
493:Key: ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
257:
237:
11631:GABA metabolism/transport modulators
4494:US Energy Information Administration
4300:Argonne National Laboratory (1999).
4053:
3576:
3517:from the original on August 11, 2023
3503:10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.118501
3300:
3105:
3019:
2714:
2555:
2403:liquid in an insulated container as
2180:adding citations to reliable sources
2151:
1949:adding citations to reliable sources
1920:
18:
11248:Trichloroethane (methyl chloroform)
4489:UKLPG: Propane and Butane in the UK
4168:
3914:
3726:. Energy.qld.gov.au. Archived from
3131:Peguero, Joshua (6 December 2020).
2927:, Paris : Victor Masson, 1857.
2765:
1220:(LPG), which is commonly used as a
377:
361:
13:
10311:11-Methoxy-12-hydroxydehydrokavain
4341:Propane Deal (November 12, 2013).
4200:"Inhalants – Facts and Statistics"
4001:Stoye, Dieter (2000). "Solvents".
3106:Lott, Jennifer (14 January 2021).
3081:Puente, Victor (7 December 2020).
2975:National Propane Gas Association.
2797:"PROPANE – CAMEO Chemicals – NOAA"
2023:
1438: 1,350 K (1,080 °C)
1432: 1,600 K (1,330 °C)
1426: 1,700 K (1,430 °C)
894:
121:
111:
91:
81:
14:
11712:
11058:Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate
8617:Electric motorcycles and scooters
8239:Additional chemicals (E1100–1599)
4415:
3485:Başaran, Anıl (August 10, 2023).
3442:Measuring Equipment and Metrology
3241:"geometry of crystalline propane"
2236:Propane is also used as fuel for
1873:
1280:in 1857 during his researches on
1202:standard temperature and pressure
708:−40.5 × 10 cm/mol
8007:
4499:World LP Gas Association (WLPGA)
4328:"Heating Oil and Propane Prices"
4302:"Salt Cavern Information Center"
2918:Annales de chimie et de physique
2648:National Propane Gas Association
2619:
2560:
2513:, propane, and large amounts of
2298:Propane is the primary fuel for
2156:
1925:
1622:), or both, are formed as well:
1444: 1,100 K (830 °C)
1152:
1101:
831:
826:
541:
23:
11478:Menthyl isovalerate (validolum)
8664:Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
4364:
4349:
4334:
4319:
4293:
4246:
4224:
4210:
4111:
4079:
4047:
4029:
3994:
3962:
3908:
3822:
3797:
3772:
3747:
3597:
3570:
3539:
3528:
3478:
3429:
3410:
3385:
3247:
3233:
3219:
3205:
3170:
3149:
3124:
3099:
3074:
3048:
2994:
2946:
2931:
2909:
2889:
2167:needs additional citations for
1936:needs additional citations for
1097:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
490:InChI=1S/C3H8/c1-3-2/h3H2,1-2H3
116:Ball and stick model of propane
10427:Allopregnanolone (brexanolone)
8546:Battery electric multiple unit
3036:. January 1962. Archived from
2873:
2849:
2831:
2807:
2789:
2708:
2680:The Royal Society of Chemistry
2551:
2039:
1801:
1682:
1554:
1456: 750 K (477 °C)
1450: 875 K (602 °C)
535:
159:Tricarbane (never recommended)
1:
11623:Receptor/signaling modulators
10179:Ampelopsin (dihydromyricetin)
8647:Neighborhood Electric Vehicle
8167:
7834:Underground coal gasification
4441:10.1016/S0167-2991(07)80156-X
3891:"2016 Propane Market Outlook"
3577:Koch, Wendy (March 6, 2015).
2658:
2492:
2263:
2147:
1862:, plus the multiple bonds of
1017:
975:(US health exposure limits):
11373:ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine)
10458:anabolic-androgenic steroids
9240:Butabarbital/Secbutabarbital
9045:receptor positive modulators
8936:Who Killed the Electric Car?
8732:Common ethanol fuel mixtures
7795:
5005:Binary compounds of hydrogen
4483:Propane Properties Explained
4422:Canadian Propane Association
4118:Mexican Ministry of Energy.
3804:Everitt, Neil (2023-03-18).
2478:, causing several injuries.
2282:oxy-fuel welding and cutting
2109:Domestic and industrial fuel
1383:
638:47 mg⋅L (at 0 °C)
7:
10013:Triflunordazepam (Ro5-2904)
8950:Revenge of the Electric Car
8541:Battery-electric locomotive
4533:
4281:. Kingman Historic District
3491:Applied Thermal Engineering
3455:10.23939/istcmtm2019.03.021
2957:. Vol. 4. p. 385.
2688:10.1039/9781849733069-00001
2636:
2583:, discuss the issue on the
2379:Comparison with natural gas
2096:gas absorption refrigerator
1189:with the molecular formula
798:−2.2197–2.2187 MJ⋅mol
107:
86:Skeletal formula of propane
77:
10:
11717:
10341:5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroyangonin
3008:. April 1, 1912. p. 9
2417:
2209:
1896:
1271:
126:Spacefill model of propane
59:
11616:
11266:
11034:
10971:
10938:
10905:
10877:
10591:
10533:Pregnanolone (eltanolone)
10412:
10369:
10280:
10252:
10164:
10046:
9488:
9175:
9076:Chlorobutanol (cloretone)
9051:
8959:
8943:What Is the Electric Car?
8927:
8854:
8818:
8790:Hydrogen-powered aircraft
8770:
8694:
8526:
8496:
8439:
8416:
8398:
8392:Alternative fuel vehicles
8175:
8072:
8016:
8005:
7987:
7959:
7904:
7810:
7803:
7745:
7586:
7357:
7014:Transition metal hydrides
7012:
6962:
6539:
5995:
5576:
5515:
5159:
5051:
5011:
4953:
4541:
3610:. Epa.gov. Archived from
3436:Zivenko, Oleksiy (2019).
2904:10.1007/978-3-319-95489-9
2819:www.globalfueleconomy.org
2757:GESTIS Substance Database
2497:Propane is produced as a
2371:, and odorants including
2332:
2046:ozone depletion potential
1367:Chicago Transit Authority
1091:
1084:
1079:
1018:
969:
807:
802:
771:−105.2–104.2 kJ⋅mol
724:
522:
502:
477:
165:
153:
141:
136:
106:
76:
11627:GABA receptor modulators
11537:sulfonmethane (sulfonal)
8652:Plug-in electric vehicle
8632:Gyro flywheel locomotive
8610:Battery electric vehicle
8235:Miscellaneous (E900–999)
4343:"Current Propane Prices"
4151:"Propane Vapor Pressure"
4013:10.1002/14356007.a24_437
3417:Razmi, Amir (May 2019).
2977:"The History of Propane"
2843:Calor Gas News and Views
2532:. Examples of these are
2501:of two other processes,
2050:global warming potential
1404:Properties and reactions
1258:ice resurfacing machines
1080:Supplementary data page
870:Precautionary statements
60:Not to be confused with
8872:Hybrid electric vehicle
8836:Liquid nitrogen vehicle
8831:Hybrid electric vehicle
8637:Hybrid electric vehicle
8600:Electric platform truck
8307:Dichlorodifluoromethane
4155:The Engineering ToolBox
4007:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
3855:10.1021/acs.est.2c09289
3581:. National Geographic.
3266:-nonane at 90 K".
2955:Dictionary of Chemistry
2801:cameochemicals.noaa.gov
1916:
1218:liquefied petroleum gas
702:Magnetic susceptibility
38:Liquefied petroleum gas
11513:Retigabine (ezogabine)
10789:Lirequinil (Ro41-3696)
10356:7,8-Dihydromethysticin
10346:5,6-Dehydromethysticin
9225:Benzylbutylbarbiturate
8997:Zero-emissions vehicle
8513:Compressed-air vehicle
8454:Solar-powered aircraft
8049:Natural-gas processing
7747:Exotic matter hydrides
3947:. PERC. Archived from
3334:Rossini, F.D. (1934).
3282:(inactive 2024-09-02).
3182:. Springfield, Mass.:
2503:natural gas processing
2388:compressed natural gas
2118:
1913:
1845:
1742:
1608:
1458:
1144:
905:
127:
117:
97:
87:
8867:Flexible-fuel vehicle
8795:Hydrogen-powered ship
8747:Flexible-fuel vehicle
8622:Electric kick scooter
7811:Manufactured fuel gas
3951:on September 23, 2010
2940:Treatise on Chemistry
2405:liquefied natural gas
2116:
1911:
1846:
1743:
1609:
1411:
1262:recreational vehicles
1138:
904:
335:(glazing agents, ...)
155:Systematic IUPAC name
125:
115:
95:
85:
11568:constituents (e.g.,
11352:Deuterated etifoxine
10414:Neuroactive steroids
10384:Apronal (apronalide)
10236:constituents (e.g.,
9853:N-Desalkylflurazepam
8992:Wind-powered vehicle
8576:Battery electric bus
4279:"The Disaster Story"
3982:on December 21, 2016
3733:on December 17, 2008
3357:10.6028/jres.012.059
3328:10.1039/f19726802224
3063:on February 16, 2004
2589:create a new article
2581:improve this article
2422:Propane is a simple
2392:critical temperature
2176:improve this article
1945:improve this article
1884:higher heating value
1751:
1626:
1504:
1322:U.S. Bureau of Mines
887:(fire diamond)
143:Preferred IUPAC name
16:Hydrocarbon compound
11656:Aerosol propellants
11361:dihydroergocryptine
10673:Pyrazolopyrimidines
10331:5,6-Dihydroyangonin
10316:7,8-Dihydroyangonin
9503:3-Hydroxyphenazepam
9345:Methylphenobarbital
8841:Natural gas vehicle
8054:Natural gas storage
7359:Lanthanide hydrides
6966:(Group 17 hydrides)
6545:(Group 16 hydrides)
5999:(Group 15) hydrides
4797:Hexadecane / Cetane
3847:2023EnST...57.9653K
3184:G. & C. Merriam
2983:on January 11, 2011
2845:. Calor Gas Ltd UK.
2729:1960JChPh..33.1514L
2542:Mont Belvieu, Texas
2456:biologically active
2280:Propane is used in
1891:lower heating value
1830:
1800:
1780:
1767:
1727:
1701:
1681:
1655:
1642:
1593:
1573:
1553:
1533:
1520:
1286:propylene dibromide
1278:Marcellin Berthelot
1246:Marcellin Berthelot
1086:Propane (data page)
744:73.60 J⋅K⋅mol
683:15 nmol⋅Pa⋅kg
633:Solubility in water
613:Critical point
559: g·mol
219:Beilstein Reference
73:
11671:E-number additives
11455:4-O-methylhonokiol
11118:Dichloralphenazone
11016:Methylmethaqualone
10593:Nonbenzodiazepines
10306:Desmethoxyyangonin
10301:11-Hydroxyyangonin
10296:11-Methoxyyangonin
10291:10-Methoxyyangonin
9678:Ethyl carfluzepate
9280:Cyclopentobarbital
8508:Compressed-air car
8474:List of prototypes
8196:acidity regulators
8064:Pipeline transport
8024:Compressor station
5015:(Group 1) hydrides
4086:Suburban Propane.
3006:The New York Times
2953:Watts, H. (1868).
2507:petroleum refining
2450:. Propane has low
2438:(lack of oxygen),
2119:
2066:chlorofluorocarbon
1914:
1841:
1818:
1788:
1768:
1755:
1738:
1715:
1689:
1669:
1668:
1643:
1630:
1604:
1581:
1561:
1541:
1521:
1508:
1488:Propane undergoes
1459:
1342:will carry enough
1335:The New York Times
1318:Walter O. Snelling
1145:
1124:Infobox references
1019:Related compounds
1010:(Immediate danger)
906:
128:
118:
98:
88:
71:
11666:Camping equipment
11638:
11637:
11598:MRK-409 (MK-0343)
11369:dihydroergotamine
11312:potassium bromide
11306:compounds (e.g.,
11253:Trichloroethylene
11021:Nitromethaqualone
10940:Pyrazolopyridines
10442:3α-Androstanediol
10336:7,8-Dihydrokavain
9688:Ethyl loflazepate
9465:Thiotetrabarbital
9081:Ethanol (alcohol)
9005:
9004:
8914:Electric aircraft
8780:Fuel cell vehicle
8627:Fuel cell vehicle
8551:Electric aircraft
8483:Electric aircraft
8408:Fuel cell vehicle
8358:
8357:
8229:Flavour enhancers
8223:anticaking agents
8135:
8134:
8003:
8002:
7846:Blast furnace gas
7829:Coal gasification
7763:
7762:
7588:Actinide hydrides
6964:Hydrogen halides
6926:
6891:
6890:
6861:
6860:
6838:
6837:
6802:
6801:
6764:
6763:
6625:
6624:
6531:
6497:
6496:
6467:
6466:
6444:
6443:
6421:
6420:
6384:
6383:
6331:
6330:
6193:
6192:
6140:
6139:
5991:
5990:
5948:
5947:
5925:
5924:
5888:
5887:
5815:
5814:
5781:
5780:
5752:
5751:
5614:
5613:
5572:
5571:
5517:Group 14 hydrides
5511:
5510:
5456:
5455:
5421:
5420:
5386:
5385:
5351:
5350:
5316:
5315:
5155:
5154:
5100:
5099:
4971:
4970:
3841:(26): 9653–9663.
3559:on August 5, 2009
3403:978-0-07-288495-1
3268:Angew Chem Int Ed
2737:10.1063/1.1731434
2697:978-0-85404-182-4
2617:
2616:
2609:
2591:, as appropriate.
2534:Fort Saskatchewan
2487:Kingman Explosion
2472:convenience store
2208:
2207:
2200:
2070:hydrofluorocarbon
2021:
2020:
2013:
1995:
1839:
1833:
1821:
1810:
1791:
1771:
1758:
1736:
1730:
1718:
1707:
1692:
1672:
1667:
1646:
1633:
1602:
1596:
1584:
1564:
1544:
1524:
1511:
1374:COVID-19 pandemic
1200:. It is a gas at
1132:Chemical compound
1130:
1129:
1053:Related compounds
856:Hazard statements
446:CompTox Dashboard
207:Interactive image
132:
131:
102:
101:
58:
57:
11708:
11691:Industrial gases
11357:Dihydroergolines
11274:3-Hydroxybutanal
10907:Piperidinediones
10640:Imidazopyridines
10174:6-Methylapigenin
10106:Hydroxyphenamate
9978:SH-053-R-CH3-2′F
9683:Ethyl dirazepate
9563:Chlordiazepoxide
9455:Thiobutabarbital
9167:Trifluoroethanol
9157:Trichloroethanol
9147:-Pentanol (2M2B)
9041:
9032:
9025:
9018:
9009:
9008:
8805:Hydrogen vehicle
8785:Hydrogen economy
8752:Methanol economy
8605:Electric vehicle
8556:Electric bicycle
8528:Electric battery
8426:Electric bicycle
8385:
8378:
8371:
8362:
8361:
8289:Calcium peroxide
8260:Improving agents
8253:Synthetic glazes
8162:
8155:
8148:
8139:
8138:
8011:
7808:
7807:
7790:
7783:
7776:
7767:
7766:
6924:
6863:
6862:
6840:
6839:
6804:
6803:
6766:
6765:
6627:
6626:
6550:
6549:
6529:
6469:
6468:
6446:
6445:
6423:
6422:
6386:
6385:
6333:
6332:
6195:
6194:
6142:
6141:
6004:
6003:
5950:
5949:
5927:
5926:
5890:
5889:
5817:
5816:
5783:
5782:
5754:
5753:
5616:
5615:
5574:
5573:
5522:
5521:
5458:
5457:
5423:
5422:
5388:
5387:
5353:
5352:
5318:
5317:
5168:
5167:
5102:
5101:
5062:
5061:
4998:
4991:
4984:
4975:
4974:
4945:
4928:
4911:
4894:
4877:
4860:
4843:
4826:
4809:
4792:
4775:
4758:
4741:
4724:
4707:
4690:
4673:
4656:
4639:
4622:
4605:
4588:
4571:
4554:
4528:
4521:
4514:
4505:
4504:
4454:
4410:
4409:
4401:
4395:
4394:
4386:
4377:
4376:
4368:
4362:
4361:
4353:
4347:
4346:
4338:
4332:
4331:
4323:
4317:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4304:. Archived from
4297:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4286:
4275:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4259:
4250:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4239:
4228:
4222:
4221:
4214:
4208:
4207:
4196:
4190:
4189:
4184:
4183:
4172:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4131:
4124:
4115:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4105:
4099:
4093:. Archived from
4092:
4083:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4067:
4061:. Archived from
4060:
4051:
4045:
4044:
4033:
4027:
4026:
3998:
3992:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3981:
3974:
3966:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3940:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3901:
3895:
3889:Sloan, Michael.
3886:
3877:
3876:
3866:
3826:
3820:
3819:
3817:
3816:
3801:
3795:
3794:
3792:
3791:
3776:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3766:
3751:
3745:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3732:
3725:
3710:
3708:
3707:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3644:
3638:. Archived from
3637:
3622:
3620:
3619:
3601:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3574:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3564:
3558:
3552:. Archived from
3551:
3543:
3537:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3522:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3457:
3433:
3427:
3426:
3414:
3408:
3407:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3379:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3331:
3307:
3298:
3297:
3291:
3283:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3237:
3231:
3230:
3223:
3217:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3164:
3159:. Etymonline.com
3153:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3103:
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3068:
3059:. Archived from
3052:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3031:
3023:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3013:
2998:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2979:. Archived from
2972:
2959:
2958:
2950:
2944:
2943:
2935:
2929:
2913:
2907:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2868:
2867:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2811:
2805:
2804:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2774:
2763:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2723:(5): 1514–1518.
2712:
2706:
2705:
2682:. 2014. P-12.1.
2671:
2612:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2592:
2564:
2563:
2556:
2348:, almost always
2300:hot-air balloons
2203:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2183:
2160:
2152:
2016:
2009:
2005:
2002:
1996:
1994:
1953:
1929:
1921:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1819:
1808:
1799:
1796:
1789:
1779:
1776:
1769:
1766:
1763:
1756:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1716:
1705:
1700:
1697:
1690:
1680:
1677:
1670:
1660:
1654:
1651:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1631:
1613:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1582:
1572:
1569:
1562:
1552:
1549:
1542:
1532:
1529:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1509:
1455:
1449:
1443:
1437:
1431:
1425:
1419:
1302:potassium iodide
1199:
1181:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1142:
1114:
1108:
1105:
1104:
961:Explosive limits
926:
919:
912:
897:
877:
863:
835:
830:
794:
767:
740:
725:Thermochemistry
558:
543:
537:
530:Chemical formula
470:
469:
454:
452:
426:
390:
379:
365:
343:Gmelin Reference
329:
311:
303:
292:
281:
261:
241:
209:
185:
108:
78:
74:
70:
53:
50:
27:
26:
19:
11716:
11715:
11711:
11710:
11709:
11707:
11706:
11705:
11641:
11640:
11639:
11634:
11612:
11570:isovaleric acid
11533:Sulfonylalkanes
11431:Hopantenic acid
11415:tolfenamic acid
11403:flufenamic acid
11365:dihydroergosine
11308:lithium bromide
11267:Others/unsorted
11262:
11123:Dichloromethane
11098:Chloral hydrate
11093:Chloral betaine
11030:
10967:
10934:
10901:
10873:
10602:Cyclopyrrolones
10587:
10493:Etiocholanolone
10408:
10365:
10326:5-Hydroxykavain
10276:
10248:
10160:
10042:
9490:Benzodiazepines
9484:
9295:Ethallobarbital
9290:Enallylpropymal
9171:
9152:Tribromoethanol
9139:-Butanol (2M2P)
9085:alcoholic drink
9047:
9044:
9036:
9006:
9001:
8982:Wave power ship
8972:Ram air turbine
8955:
8923:
8862:Bi-fuel vehicle
8850:
8814:
8766:
8690:
8530:
8522:
8499:
8498:Compressed-air
8492:
8435:
8412:
8394:
8389:
8359:
8354:
8285:
8267:Packaging gases
8242:
8171:
8166:
8136:
8131:
8068:
8012:
7999:
7983:
7955:
7900:
7812:
7799:
7794:
7764:
7759:
7741:
7737:
7729:
7721:
7713:
7705:
7697:
7689:
7681:
7673:
7665:
7657:
7649:
7641:
7633:
7626:
7622:
7615:
7607:
7599:
7582:
7578:
7570:
7562:
7554:
7546:
7538:
7530:
7522:
7514:
7506:
7498:
7490:
7482:
7474:
7466:
7458:
7450:
7442:
7434:
7426:
7418:
7410:
7402:
7394:
7386:
7378:
7370:
7353:
7343:
7334:
7326:
7322:
7309:
7301:
7270:
7256:
7241:
7226:
7218:
7210:
7202:
7194:
7181:
7173:
7160:
7147:
7134:
7121:
7113:
7105:
7097:
7089:
7081:
7073:
7065:
7057:
7049:
7041:
7033:
7025:
7008:
6965:
6958:
6953:
6944:
6921:
6912:
6904:
6887:
6877:
6857:
6853:
6834:
6830:
6826:
6817:
6798:
6794:
6790:
6781:
6760:
6751:
6747:
6739:
6735:
6727:
6723:
6715:
6711:
6703:
6699:
6691:
6687:
6679:
6675:
6667:
6663:
6655:
6651:
6642:
6621:
6613:
6609:
6601:
6597:
6589:
6585:
6577:
6573:
6564:
6544:
6542:
6535:
6527:
6518:
6505:
6493:
6483:
6463:
6459:
6440:
6436:
6417:
6413:
6409:
6401:
6380:
6376:
6372:
6364:
6360:
6352:
6348:
6327:
6318:
6314:
6306:
6302:
6294:
6290:
6282:
6278:
6270:
6266:
6258:
6254:
6246:
6242:
6234:
6230:
6222:
6218:
6210:
6189:
6185:
6181:
6173:
6169:
6161:
6157:
6136:
6127:
6123:
6115:
6111:
6103:
6099:
6091:
6087:
6079:
6075:
6067:
6063:
6055:
6051:
6043:
6039:
6031:
6027:
6019:
5998:
5987:
5983:
5975:
5944:
5940:
5921:
5917:
5913:
5905:
5884:
5880:
5876:
5868:
5864:
5856:
5852:
5844:
5840:
5832:
5811:
5802:
5798:
5777:
5773:
5769:
5748:
5739:
5735:
5727:
5723:
5715:
5711:
5703:
5699:
5691:
5687:
5679:
5675:
5667:
5663:
5655:
5651:
5643:
5639:
5631:
5610:
5605:
5597:
5589:
5568:
5507:
5503:
5495:
5491:
5483:
5452:
5448:
5444:
5436:
5417:
5413:
5409:
5401:
5382:
5378:
5374:
5366:
5347:
5343:
5339:
5331:
5312:
5308:
5304:
5296:
5292:
5284:
5280:
5272:
5268:
5260:
5256:
5248:
5244:
5236:
5232:
5224:
5220:
5212:
5208:
5200:
5196:
5183:
5162:
5151:
5147:
5139:
5131:
5123:
5115:
5096:
5056:
5054:
5047:
5014:
5007:
5002:
4972:
4967:
4963:List of alkanes
4949:
4944:
4940:
4936:
4927:
4923:
4919:
4910:
4906:
4902:
4893:
4889:
4885:
4876:
4872:
4868:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4842:
4838:
4834:
4825:
4821:
4817:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4791:
4787:
4783:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4757:
4753:
4749:
4740:
4736:
4732:
4723:
4719:
4715:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4672:
4668:
4664:
4655:
4651:
4647:
4638:
4634:
4630:
4621:
4617:
4613:
4604:
4600:
4596:
4587:
4583:
4579:
4570:
4566:
4562:
4553:
4549:
4537:
4532:
4451:
4418:
4413:
4402:
4398:
4387:
4380:
4369:
4365:
4354:
4350:
4339:
4335:
4324:
4320:
4311:
4309:
4298:
4294:
4284:
4282:
4277:
4276:
4272:
4262:
4260:
4257:
4251:
4247:
4237:
4235:
4230:
4229:
4225:
4216:
4215:
4211:
4198:
4197:
4193:
4181:
4179:
4174:
4173:
4169:
4160:
4158:
4149:
4148:
4144:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4122:
4116:
4112:
4103:
4101:
4097:
4090:
4084:
4080:
4071:
4069:
4065:
4058:
4052:
4048:
4035:
4034:
4030:
4023:
3999:
3995:
3985:
3983:
3979:
3972:
3968:
3967:
3963:
3954:
3952:
3941:
3934:
3925:
3923:
3913:
3909:
3899:
3897:
3893:
3887:
3880:
3827:
3823:
3814:
3812:
3802:
3798:
3789:
3787:
3778:
3777:
3773:
3764:
3762:
3753:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3736:
3734:
3730:
3723:
3719:
3705:
3703:
3694:
3686:
3684:
3675:
3667:
3665:
3656:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3635:
3631:
3617:
3615:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3588:
3586:
3575:
3571:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3533:
3529:
3520:
3518:
3483:
3479:
3434:
3430:
3415:
3411:
3404:
3390:
3386:
3377:
3375:
3369:
3365:
3308:
3301:
3285:
3284:
3252:
3248:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3210:
3206:
3196:
3194:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3162:
3160:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3141:
3139:
3129:
3125:
3116:
3114:
3104:
3100:
3091:
3089:
3079:
3075:
3066:
3064:
3053:
3049:
3040:
3029:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3011:
3009:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2986:
2984:
2973:
2962:
2951:
2947:
2936:
2932:
2914:
2910:
2894:
2890:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2865:
2863:
2855:
2854:
2850:
2837:
2836:
2832:
2823:
2821:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2775:
2766:
2748:
2744:
2713:
2709:
2703:'tetrasulfane'.
2698:
2673:
2672:
2665:
2661:
2639:
2622:
2613:
2602:
2596:
2593:
2578:
2565:
2561:
2554:
2495:
2460:flash evaporate
2444:cardiac failure
2434:, it may cause
2420:
2397:
2386:By comparison,
2381:
2373:ethyl mercaptan
2335:
2307:silicon carbide
2266:
2242:string trimmers
2214:
2204:
2193:
2187:
2184:
2173:
2161:
2150:
2111:
2042:
2026:
2024:Portable stoves
2017:
2006:
2000:
1997:
1954:
1952:
1942:
1930:
1919:
1899:
1876:
1857:
1827:
1822:
1797:
1792:
1777:
1772:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1724:
1719:
1698:
1693:
1678:
1673:
1652:
1647:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1616:carbon monoxide
1590:
1585:
1570:
1565:
1550:
1545:
1530:
1525:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1501:
1484:
1463:Ethyl mercaptan
1457:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1406:
1386:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1274:
1212:processing and
1198:
1194:
1190:
1155:
1151:
1140:
1133:
1126:
1121:
1120:
1119: ?)
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1075:
1054:
1047:
1026:
1025:Related alkanes
1014:2,100 ppm
1011:
998:
985:
952:
949:
931:
930:
929:
928:
921:
914:
907:
903:
895:
872:
858:
844:
823:
795:
792:
786:
782:
779:
778:Std enthalpy of
768:
765:
759:
755:
752:
751:Std enthalpy of
741:
734:
717:
705:
680:
678:
669:
635:
556:
546:
540:
532:
518:
515:
510:
509:
498:
495:
494:
491:
485:
484:
473:
455:
448:
429:
409:
393:
380:
368:
345:
321:
284:
264:
244:
221:
212:
199:
188:
175:
161:
160:
149:
148:
69:
54:
48:
45:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
11714:
11704:
11703:
11698:
11693:
11688:
11683:
11678:
11673:
11668:
11663:
11658:
11653:
11636:
11635:
11617:
11614:
11613:
11611:
11610:
11605:
11600:
11595:
11586:
11585:
11578:valerenic acid
11563:
11558:
11548:
11530:
11525:
11520:
11515:
11510:
11505:
11500:
11495:
11490:
11485:
11480:
11475:
11470:
11448:
11443:
11438:
11433:
11428:
11423:
11418:
11407:mefenamic acid
11396:
11391:
11386:
11381:
11376:
11354:
11349:
11344:
11339:
11334:
11329:
11324:
11319:
11316:sodium bromide
11301:
11291:
11286:
11281:
11276:
11270:
11268:
11264:
11263:
11261:
11260:
11255:
11250:
11245:
11240:
11235:
11230:
11225:
11220:
11215:
11210:
11205:
11200:
11195:
11190:
11185:
11183:Methoxypropane
11180:
11178:Methoxyflurane
11175:
11170:
11165:
11160:
11155:
11150:
11145:
11140:
11138:Ethyl chloride
11135:
11130:
11125:
11120:
11115:
11110:
11105:
11100:
11095:
11090:
11085:
11080:
11075:
11070:
11065:
11060:
11055:
11050:
11044:
11042:
11032:
11031:
11029:
11028:
11023:
11018:
11013:
11008:
11003:
10998:
10993:
10988:
10983:
10977:
10975:
10973:Quinazolinones
10969:
10968:
10966:
10965:
10960:
10955:
10950:
10944:
10942:
10936:
10935:
10933:
10932:
10927:
10922:
10917:
10911:
10909:
10903:
10902:
10900:
10899:
10894:
10889:
10883:
10881:
10875:
10874:
10872:
10871:
10866:
10861:
10856:
10851:
10846:
10841:
10836:
10831:
10826:
10821:
10816:
10811:
10806:
10801:
10796:
10791:
10786:
10781:
10776:
10771:
10766:
10761:
10756:
10751:
10746:
10741:
10736:
10731:
10726:
10716:
10715:
10710:
10705:
10700:
10695:
10690:
10685:
10680:
10668:
10667:
10662:
10657:
10652:
10647:
10635:
10634:
10629:
10624:
10619:
10614:
10609:
10597:
10595:
10589:
10588:
10586:
10585:
10580:
10575:
10570:
10565:
10560:
10555:
10550:
10545:
10540:
10535:
10530:
10525:
10520:
10515:
10510:
10505:
10500:
10495:
10490:
10485:
10480:
10475:
10470:
10465:
10460:
10454:
10449:
10444:
10439:
10434:
10429:
10424:
10418:
10416:
10410:
10409:
10407:
10406:
10401:
10396:
10391:
10386:
10381:
10375:
10373:
10367:
10366:
10364:
10363:
10358:
10353:
10348:
10343:
10338:
10333:
10328:
10323:
10318:
10313:
10308:
10303:
10298:
10293:
10287:
10285:
10278:
10277:
10275:
10274:
10269:
10264:
10258:
10256:
10250:
10249:
10247:
10246:
10241:
10231:
10226:
10221:
10216:
10211:
10206:
10201:
10196:
10191:
10186:
10181:
10176:
10170:
10168:
10162:
10161:
10159:
10158:
10153:
10148:
10143:
10138:
10133:
10128:
10123:
10118:
10113:
10108:
10103:
10098:
10093:
10088:
10083:
10078:
10073:
10068:
10063:
10058:
10052:
10050:
10044:
10043:
10041:
10040:
10035:
10030:
10025:
10020:
10015:
10010:
10005:
10000:
9995:
9990:
9985:
9980:
9975:
9970:
9965:
9960:
9955:
9950:
9945:
9940:
9935:
9930:
9925:
9920:
9915:
9910:
9905:
9900:
9895:
9890:
9885:
9880:
9875:
9870:
9865:
9860:
9855:
9850:
9845:
9840:
9835:
9830:
9825:
9820:
9815:
9810:
9805:
9800:
9795:
9790:
9785:
9780:
9775:
9770:
9765:
9760:
9755:
9750:
9745:
9740:
9735:
9730:
9725:
9720:
9715:
9710:
9705:
9700:
9695:
9690:
9685:
9680:
9675:
9670:
9665:
9660:
9655:
9650:
9645:
9640:
9635:
9630:
9625:
9620:
9615:
9610:
9605:
9600:
9595:
9590:
9585:
9580:
9575:
9570:
9565:
9560:
9555:
9550:
9545:
9540:
9535:
9530:
9525:
9520:
9515:
9510:
9505:
9500:
9494:
9492:
9486:
9485:
9483:
9482:
9477:
9472:
9467:
9462:
9457:
9452:
9447:
9442:
9437:
9432:
9427:
9422:
9417:
9412:
9407:
9402:
9397:
9395:Propylbarbital
9392:
9387:
9382:
9377:
9372:
9367:
9362:
9357:
9352:
9347:
9342:
9337:
9332:
9327:
9322:
9317:
9312:
9307:
9302:
9297:
9292:
9287:
9282:
9277:
9272:
9270:Crotylbarbital
9267:
9262:
9257:
9252:
9247:
9242:
9237:
9235:Brophebarbital
9232:
9230:Brallobarbital
9227:
9222:
9217:
9212:
9207:
9202:
9197:
9192:
9187:
9181:
9179:
9173:
9172:
9170:
9169:
9164:
9159:
9154:
9149:
9141:
9133:
9128:
9123:
9118:
9116:Methylpentynol
9113:
9108:
9103:
9098:
9093:
9088:
9078:
9073:
9068:
9063:
9057:
9055:
9049:
9048:
9042:
9035:
9034:
9027:
9020:
9012:
9003:
9002:
9000:
8999:
8994:
8989:
8984:
8979:
8974:
8969:
8963:
8961:
8957:
8956:
8954:
8953:
8946:
8939:
8931:
8929:
8925:
8924:
8922:
8921:
8916:
8911:
8910:
8909:
8904:
8894:
8892:Plug-in hybrid
8889:
8884:
8882:Hybrid vehicle
8879:
8874:
8869:
8864:
8858:
8856:
8852:
8851:
8849:
8848:
8843:
8838:
8833:
8828:
8822:
8820:
8816:
8815:
8813:
8812:
8807:
8802:
8800:Hydrogen train
8797:
8792:
8787:
8782:
8776:
8774:
8768:
8767:
8765:
8764:
8759:
8754:
8749:
8744:
8739:
8734:
8729:
8724:
8719:
8714:
8709:
8703:
8701:
8692:
8691:
8689:
8688:
8687:
8686:
8681:
8676:
8666:
8661:
8660:
8659:
8649:
8644:
8639:
8634:
8629:
8624:
8619:
8614:
8613:
8612:
8602:
8597:
8595:Electric truck
8592:
8591:
8590:
8580:
8579:
8578:
8568:
8563:
8558:
8553:
8548:
8543:
8537:
8535:
8524:
8523:
8521:
8520:
8515:
8510:
8504:
8502:
8494:
8493:
8491:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8479:
8478:
8477:
8476:
8466:
8461:
8456:
8445:
8443:
8437:
8436:
8434:
8433:
8428:
8422:
8420:
8414:
8413:
8411:
8410:
8404:
8402:
8396:
8395:
8388:
8387:
8380:
8373:
8365:
8356:
8355:
8353:
8352:
8346:
8340:
8334:
8328:
8322:
8316:
8310:
8304:
8298:
8292:
8284:
8283:
8280:Foaming agents
8277:
8271:
8263:
8257:
8249:
8241:
8240:
8237:
8232:
8226:
8213:
8199:
8189:
8183:
8176:
8173:
8172:
8165:
8164:
8157:
8150:
8142:
8133:
8132:
8130:
8129:
8124:
8119:
8114:
8113:
8112:
8102:
8097:
8092:
8087:
8082:
8076:
8074:
8070:
8069:
8067:
8066:
8061:
8056:
8051:
8046:
8041:
8036:
8031:
8026:
8020:
8018:
8017:Infrastructure
8014:
8013:
8006:
8004:
8001:
8000:
7998:
7997:
7991:
7989:
7985:
7984:
7982:
7981:
7976:
7971:
7965:
7963:
7957:
7956:
7954:
7953:
7952:
7951:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7910:
7908:
7902:
7901:
7899:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7883:
7881:Regasification
7878:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7848:
7843:
7838:
7837:
7836:
7831:
7820:
7818:
7805:
7801:
7800:
7793:
7792:
7785:
7778:
7770:
7761:
7760:
7758:
7757:
7751:
7749:
7743:
7742:
7740:
7739:
7735:
7731:
7727:
7723:
7719:
7715:
7711:
7707:
7703:
7699:
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7691:
7687:
7683:
7679:
7675:
7671:
7667:
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7659:
7655:
7651:
7647:
7643:
7639:
7635:
7631:
7627:
7624:
7620:
7617:
7613:
7609:
7605:
7601:
7597:
7592:
7590:
7584:
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7524:
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7516:
7512:
7508:
7504:
7500:
7496:
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7488:
7484:
7480:
7476:
7472:
7468:
7464:
7460:
7456:
7452:
7448:
7444:
7440:
7436:
7432:
7428:
7424:
7420:
7416:
7412:
7408:
7404:
7400:
7396:
7392:
7388:
7384:
7380:
7376:
7372:
7368:
7363:
7361:
7355:
7354:
7352:
7351:
7341:
7336:
7332:
7328:
7324:
7320:
7316:
7311:
7307:
7303:
7299:
7295:
7283:
7278:
7268:
7263:
7252:
7248:
7237:
7233:
7228:
7224:
7220:
7216:
7212:
7208:
7204:
7200:
7196:
7192:
7188:
7183:
7179:
7175:
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7167:
7162:
7158:
7154:
7149:
7145:
7141:
7136:
7132:
7128:
7123:
7119:
7115:
7111:
7107:
7103:
7099:
7095:
7091:
7087:
7083:
7079:
7075:
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7067:
7063:
7059:
7055:
7051:
7047:
7043:
7039:
7035:
7031:
7027:
7023:
7018:
7016:
7010:
7009:
7007:
6995:
6990:
6985:
6980:
6975:
6970:
6968:
6960:
6959:
6957:
6956:
6951:
6947:
6942:
6938:
6933:
6928:
6919:
6914:
6910:
6906:
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6898:
6892:
6889:
6888:
6886:
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6875:
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6859:
6858:
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6855:
6851:
6846:
6844:
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6810:
6808:
6800:
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6759:
6758:
6753:
6749:
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6737:
6733:
6729:
6725:
6721:
6717:
6713:
6709:
6705:
6701:
6697:
6693:
6689:
6685:
6681:
6677:
6673:
6669:
6665:
6661:
6657:
6653:
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6640:
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6633:
6623:
6622:
6620:
6615:
6611:
6607:
6603:
6599:
6595:
6591:
6587:
6583:
6579:
6575:
6571:
6567:
6562:
6558:
6556:
6547:
6543:chalcogenides
6537:
6536:
6534:
6533:
6525:
6520:
6516:
6512:
6507:
6503:
6498:
6495:
6494:
6492:
6491:
6481:
6475:
6473:
6465:
6464:
6462:
6461:
6457:
6452:
6450:
6442:
6441:
6439:
6438:
6434:
6429:
6427:
6419:
6418:
6416:
6415:
6411:
6407:
6403:
6399:
6394:
6392:
6382:
6381:
6379:
6378:
6374:
6370:
6366:
6362:
6358:
6354:
6350:
6346:
6341:
6339:
6329:
6328:
6326:
6325:
6320:
6316:
6312:
6308:
6304:
6300:
6296:
6292:
6288:
6284:
6280:
6276:
6272:
6268:
6264:
6260:
6256:
6252:
6248:
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6240:
6236:
6232:
6228:
6224:
6220:
6216:
6212:
6208:
6203:
6201:
6191:
6190:
6188:
6187:
6183:
6179:
6175:
6171:
6167:
6163:
6159:
6155:
6150:
6148:
6138:
6137:
6135:
6134:
6129:
6125:
6121:
6117:
6113:
6109:
6105:
6101:
6097:
6093:
6089:
6085:
6081:
6077:
6073:
6069:
6065:
6061:
6057:
6053:
6049:
6045:
6041:
6037:
6033:
6029:
6025:
6021:
6017:
6012:
6010:
6001:
5993:
5992:
5989:
5988:
5986:
5985:
5981:
5977:
5973:
5969:
5963:
5961:
5946:
5945:
5943:
5942:
5938:
5933:
5931:
5923:
5922:
5920:
5919:
5915:
5911:
5907:
5903:
5898:
5896:
5886:
5885:
5883:
5882:
5878:
5874:
5870:
5866:
5862:
5858:
5854:
5850:
5846:
5842:
5838:
5834:
5830:
5825:
5823:
5813:
5812:
5810:
5809:
5804:
5800:
5796:
5791:
5789:
5779:
5778:
5776:
5775:
5771:
5767:
5762:
5760:
5750:
5749:
5747:
5746:
5741:
5737:
5733:
5729:
5725:
5721:
5717:
5713:
5709:
5705:
5701:
5697:
5693:
5689:
5685:
5681:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5665:
5661:
5657:
5653:
5649:
5645:
5641:
5637:
5633:
5629:
5624:
5622:
5612:
5611:
5609:
5608:
5603:
5599:
5595:
5591:
5587:
5583:
5577:
5570:
5569:
5567:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5536:
5530:
5528:
5519:
5513:
5512:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5505:
5501:
5497:
5493:
5489:
5485:
5481:
5477:
5471:
5469:
5454:
5453:
5451:
5450:
5446:
5442:
5438:
5434:
5429:
5427:
5419:
5418:
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5415:
5411:
5407:
5403:
5399:
5394:
5392:
5384:
5383:
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5380:
5376:
5372:
5368:
5364:
5359:
5357:
5349:
5348:
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5341:
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5314:
5313:
5311:
5310:
5306:
5302:
5298:
5294:
5290:
5286:
5282:
5278:
5274:
5270:
5266:
5262:
5258:
5254:
5250:
5246:
5242:
5238:
5234:
5230:
5226:
5222:
5218:
5214:
5210:
5206:
5202:
5198:
5194:
5190:
5185:
5181:
5176:
5174:
5165:
5157:
5156:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5149:
5145:
5141:
5137:
5133:
5129:
5125:
5121:
5117:
5113:
5108:
5106:
5098:
5097:
5095:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5068:
5066:
5059:
5057:earth hydrides
5049:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5030:
5025:
5019:
5017:
5009:
5008:
5001:
5000:
4993:
4986:
4978:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4965:
4960:
4958:Higher alkanes
4954:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4942:
4938:
4933:Hentriacontane
4930:
4925:
4921:
4913:
4908:
4904:
4896:
4891:
4887:
4879:
4874:
4870:
4862:
4857:
4853:
4845:
4840:
4836:
4828:
4823:
4819:
4811:
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4802:
4794:
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4777:
4772:
4768:
4760:
4755:
4751:
4743:
4738:
4734:
4726:
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4717:
4709:
4704:
4700:
4692:
4687:
4683:
4675:
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4636:
4632:
4624:
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4615:
4607:
4602:
4598:
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4573:
4568:
4564:
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4542:
4539:
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4508:
4502:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4449:
4424:
4417:
4416:External links
4414:
4412:
4411:
4396:
4378:
4363:
4348:
4333:
4318:
4292:
4270:
4245:
4223:
4209:
4206:on 2009-04-08.
4191:
4167:
4142:
4110:
4078:
4046:
4028:
4021:
3993:
3961:
3932:
3907:
3878:
3821:
3796:
3786:on 22 May 2005
3771:
3761:on 1 July 2009
3746:
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3123:
3098:
3073:
3047:
3043:on 2006-10-07.
3018:
2993:
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2806:
2788:
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2645:
2638:
2635:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2575:of the subject
2573:worldwide view
2568:
2566:
2559:
2553:
2550:
2546:Conway, Kansas
2494:
2491:
2448:cardiac arrest
2419:
2416:
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2331:
2330:
2329:
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2320:
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2310:
2303:
2296:
2293:steam cracking
2289:petrochemicals
2285:
2278:
2265:
2262:
2210:Main article:
2206:
2205:
2164:
2162:
2155:
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2038:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2018:
1933:
1931:
1924:
1918:
1915:
1898:
1895:
1875:
1874:Energy content
1872:
1855:
1836:
1825:
1816:
1813:
1806:
1803:
1795:
1786:
1783:
1775:
1762:
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1722:
1713:
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1588:
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1576:
1568:
1559:
1556:
1548:
1539:
1536:
1528:
1515:
1498:carbon dioxide
1482:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1405:
1402:
1394:propionic acid
1385:
1382:
1314:Edmund Ronalds
1297:
1293:
1289:
1273:
1270:
1196:
1192:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1122:
1100:
1099:
1095:standard state
1092:
1089:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1074:
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1016:
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956:
953:
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915:
908:
893:
892:
891:
890:
888:
879:
878:
873:
868:
865:
864:
859:
854:
851:
850:
845:
840:
837:
836:
824:
819:
816:
815:
805:
804:
800:
799:
796:
790:
784:
776:
773:
772:
769:
763:
757:
749:
746:
745:
742:
730:
727:
726:
722:
721:
718:
713:
710:
709:
706:
700:
697:
696:
691:
689:Conjugate acid
685:
684:
681:
676:
666:
663:
662:
659:
657:Vapor pressure
653:
652:
649:
640:
639:
636:
631:
628:
627:
624:
609:
608:
605:
599:
598:
595:
589:
588:
585:
579:
578:
575:
569:
568:
567:Colorless gas
565:
561:
560:
554:
548:
547:
544:
538:
533:
528:
525:
524:
520:
519:
517:
516:
513:
505:
504:
503:
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496:
492:
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458:
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444:
441:
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431:
430:
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427:
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408:
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403:
401:
395:
394:
392:
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383:
381:
373:
370:
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367:
366:
358:
356:
350:
349:
346:
341:
338:
337:
331:
323:
322:
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319:
315:
313:
305:
304:
294:
286:
285:
283:
282:
274:
272:
266:
265:
263:
262:
254:
252:
246:
245:
243:
242:
234:
232:
226:
225:
222:
217:
214:
213:
211:
210:
202:
200:
193:
190:
189:
187:
186:
178:
176:
171:
168:
167:
163:
162:
158:
157:
151:
150:
146:
145:
139:
138:
134:
133:
130:
129:
119:
104:
103:
100:
99:
89:
56:
55:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11713:
11702:
11699:
11697:
11694:
11692:
11689:
11687:
11684:
11682:
11679:
11677:
11674:
11672:
11669:
11667:
11664:
11662:
11659:
11657:
11654:
11652:
11649:
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11646:
11633:
11632:
11628:
11624:
11621:
11615:
11609:
11606:
11604:
11601:
11599:
11596:
11594:
11591:
11588:
11587:
11583:
11579:
11575:
11574:isovaleramide
11571:
11567:
11564:
11562:
11559:
11556:
11552:
11549:
11546:
11542:
11538:
11534:
11531:
11529:
11526:
11524:
11521:
11519:
11516:
11514:
11511:
11509:
11506:
11504:
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11496:
11494:
11491:
11489:
11486:
11484:
11481:
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11476:
11474:
11471:
11468:
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11460:
11456:
11452:
11449:
11447:
11444:
11442:
11439:
11437:
11434:
11432:
11429:
11427:
11424:
11422:
11419:
11416:
11412:
11411:niflumic acid
11408:
11404:
11400:
11397:
11395:
11392:
11390:
11387:
11385:
11382:
11380:
11377:
11374:
11370:
11366:
11362:
11358:
11355:
11353:
11350:
11348:
11345:
11343:
11340:
11338:
11337:Clomethiazole
11335:
11333:
11332:Chlormezanone
11330:
11328:
11325:
11323:
11322:Carbamazepine
11320:
11317:
11313:
11309:
11305:
11302:
11299:
11295:
11292:
11290:
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11216:
11214:
11211:
11209:
11206:
11204:
11201:
11199:
11198:Nitrous oxide
11196:
11194:
11191:
11189:
11186:
11184:
11181:
11179:
11176:
11174:
11171:
11169:
11166:
11164:
11161:
11159:
11156:
11154:
11151:
11149:
11146:
11144:
11141:
11139:
11136:
11134:
11131:
11129:
11128:Diethyl ether
11126:
11124:
11121:
11119:
11116:
11114:
11111:
11109:
11106:
11104:
11101:
11099:
11096:
11094:
11091:
11089:
11086:
11084:
11081:
11079:
11076:
11074:
11071:
11069:
11066:
11064:
11061:
11059:
11056:
11054:
11051:
11049:
11046:
11045:
11043:
11041:
11037:
11033:
11027:
11024:
11022:
11019:
11017:
11014:
11012:
11009:
11007:
11004:
11002:
10999:
10997:
10994:
10992:
10989:
10987:
10984:
10982:
10979:
10978:
10976:
10974:
10970:
10964:
10961:
10959:
10956:
10954:
10951:
10949:
10946:
10945:
10943:
10941:
10937:
10931:
10930:Pyrithyldione
10928:
10926:
10923:
10921:
10918:
10916:
10913:
10912:
10910:
10908:
10904:
10898:
10895:
10893:
10890:
10888:
10885:
10884:
10882:
10880:
10876:
10870:
10867:
10865:
10862:
10860:
10857:
10855:
10852:
10850:
10847:
10845:
10842:
10840:
10837:
10835:
10832:
10830:
10827:
10825:
10822:
10820:
10817:
10815:
10812:
10810:
10807:
10805:
10802:
10800:
10797:
10795:
10792:
10790:
10787:
10785:
10782:
10780:
10777:
10775:
10772:
10770:
10767:
10765:
10762:
10760:
10757:
10755:
10752:
10750:
10747:
10745:
10742:
10740:
10737:
10735:
10732:
10730:
10727:
10725:
10721:
10718:
10717:
10714:
10711:
10709:
10706:
10704:
10701:
10699:
10696:
10694:
10691:
10689:
10686:
10684:
10681:
10679:
10675:
10674:
10670:
10669:
10666:
10663:
10661:
10658:
10656:
10653:
10651:
10648:
10646:
10642:
10641:
10637:
10636:
10633:
10630:
10628:
10625:
10623:
10620:
10618:
10615:
10613:
10610:
10608:
10604:
10603:
10599:
10598:
10596:
10594:
10590:
10584:
10581:
10579:
10576:
10574:
10571:
10569:
10566:
10564:
10561:
10559:
10556:
10554:
10551:
10549:
10546:
10544:
10541:
10539:
10536:
10534:
10531:
10529:
10526:
10524:
10521:
10519:
10516:
10514:
10511:
10509:
10506:
10504:
10501:
10499:
10496:
10494:
10491:
10489:
10486:
10484:
10481:
10479:
10476:
10474:
10471:
10469:
10466:
10464:
10461:
10459:
10455:
10453:
10450:
10448:
10445:
10443:
10440:
10438:
10435:
10433:
10430:
10428:
10425:
10423:
10420:
10419:
10417:
10415:
10411:
10405:
10402:
10400:
10397:
10395:
10392:
10390:
10387:
10385:
10382:
10380:
10377:
10376:
10374:
10372:
10368:
10362:
10359:
10357:
10354:
10352:
10349:
10347:
10344:
10342:
10339:
10337:
10334:
10332:
10329:
10327:
10324:
10322:
10319:
10317:
10314:
10312:
10309:
10307:
10304:
10302:
10299:
10297:
10294:
10292:
10289:
10288:
10286:
10283:
10279:
10273:
10270:
10268:
10265:
10263:
10260:
10259:
10257:
10255:
10251:
10245:
10242:
10239:
10235:
10232:
10230:
10227:
10225:
10222:
10220:
10217:
10215:
10212:
10210:
10207:
10205:
10202:
10200:
10197:
10195:
10192:
10190:
10187:
10185:
10182:
10180:
10177:
10175:
10172:
10171:
10169:
10167:
10163:
10157:
10154:
10152:
10149:
10147:
10144:
10142:
10139:
10137:
10136:Phenprobamate
10134:
10132:
10129:
10127:
10124:
10122:
10119:
10117:
10114:
10112:
10109:
10107:
10104:
10102:
10101:Hexapropymate
10099:
10097:
10094:
10092:
10089:
10087:
10084:
10082:
10079:
10077:
10076:Difebarbamate
10074:
10072:
10069:
10067:
10064:
10062:
10059:
10057:
10054:
10053:
10051:
10049:
10045:
10039:
10036:
10034:
10031:
10029:
10026:
10024:
10021:
10019:
10016:
10014:
10011:
10009:
10006:
10004:
10001:
9999:
9996:
9994:
9991:
9989:
9986:
9984:
9981:
9979:
9976:
9974:
9971:
9969:
9966:
9964:
9961:
9959:
9956:
9954:
9951:
9949:
9946:
9944:
9941:
9939:
9936:
9934:
9931:
9929:
9926:
9924:
9921:
9919:
9916:
9914:
9911:
9909:
9906:
9904:
9901:
9899:
9896:
9894:
9891:
9889:
9888:Nortetrazepam
9886:
9884:
9881:
9879:
9876:
9874:
9871:
9869:
9866:
9864:
9861:
9859:
9856:
9854:
9851:
9849:
9846:
9844:
9841:
9839:
9836:
9834:
9831:
9829:
9826:
9824:
9821:
9819:
9816:
9814:
9811:
9809:
9806:
9804:
9801:
9799:
9796:
9794:
9791:
9789:
9786:
9784:
9781:
9779:
9776:
9774:
9771:
9769:
9766:
9764:
9761:
9759:
9756:
9754:
9751:
9749:
9748:Flutoprazepam
9746:
9744:
9741:
9739:
9736:
9734:
9731:
9729:
9728:Flunitrazolam
9726:
9724:
9723:Flunitrazepam
9721:
9719:
9716:
9714:
9713:Flubromazolam
9711:
9709:
9708:Flubromazepam
9706:
9704:
9701:
9699:
9696:
9694:
9691:
9689:
9686:
9684:
9681:
9679:
9676:
9674:
9671:
9669:
9666:
9664:
9661:
9659:
9656:
9654:
9651:
9649:
9646:
9644:
9641:
9639:
9636:
9634:
9631:
9629:
9626:
9624:
9621:
9619:
9616:
9614:
9611:
9609:
9608:Cloniprazepam
9606:
9604:
9601:
9599:
9596:
9594:
9591:
9589:
9586:
9584:
9581:
9579:
9576:
9574:
9571:
9569:
9566:
9564:
9561:
9559:
9556:
9554:
9551:
9549:
9546:
9544:
9541:
9539:
9536:
9534:
9531:
9529:
9526:
9524:
9521:
9519:
9516:
9514:
9511:
9509:
9506:
9504:
9501:
9499:
9498:2-Oxoquazepam
9496:
9495:
9493:
9491:
9487:
9481:
9478:
9476:
9473:
9471:
9468:
9466:
9463:
9461:
9458:
9456:
9453:
9451:
9448:
9446:
9443:
9441:
9440:Thialbarbital
9438:
9436:
9435:Tetrabarbital
9433:
9431:
9428:
9426:
9423:
9421:
9420:Spirobarbital
9418:
9416:
9413:
9411:
9408:
9406:
9403:
9401:
9400:Proxibarbital
9398:
9396:
9393:
9391:
9390:Propallylonal
9388:
9386:
9383:
9381:
9378:
9376:
9373:
9371:
9370:Phenobarbital
9368:
9366:
9363:
9361:
9360:Pentobarbital
9358:
9356:
9353:
9351:
9350:Narcobarbital
9348:
9346:
9343:
9341:
9338:
9336:
9333:
9331:
9328:
9326:
9323:
9321:
9318:
9316:
9315:Heptobarbital
9313:
9311:
9308:
9306:
9303:
9301:
9298:
9296:
9293:
9291:
9288:
9286:
9285:Difebarbamate
9283:
9281:
9278:
9276:
9275:Cyclobarbital
9273:
9271:
9268:
9266:
9263:
9261:
9258:
9256:
9253:
9251:
9248:
9246:
9243:
9241:
9238:
9236:
9233:
9231:
9228:
9226:
9223:
9221:
9220:Benzobarbital
9218:
9216:
9213:
9211:
9208:
9206:
9203:
9201:
9198:
9196:
9193:
9191:
9188:
9186:
9183:
9182:
9180:
9178:
9174:
9168:
9165:
9163:
9160:
9158:
9155:
9153:
9150:
9148:
9146:
9142:
9140:
9138:
9134:
9132:
9129:
9127:
9124:
9122:
9119:
9117:
9114:
9112:
9109:
9107:
9104:
9102:
9099:
9097:
9094:
9092:
9091:Ethchlorvynol
9089:
9086:
9082:
9079:
9077:
9074:
9072:
9069:
9067:
9064:
9062:
9059:
9058:
9056:
9054:
9050:
9046:
9033:
9028:
9026:
9021:
9019:
9014:
9013:
9010:
8998:
8995:
8993:
8990:
8988:
8987:Windmill ship
8985:
8983:
8980:
8978:
8975:
8973:
8970:
8968:
8965:
8964:
8962:
8958:
8952:
8951:
8947:
8945:
8944:
8940:
8938:
8937:
8933:
8932:
8930:
8928:Documentaries
8926:
8920:
8919:Electric boat
8917:
8915:
8912:
8908:
8905:
8903:
8900:
8899:
8898:
8897:Solar vehicle
8895:
8893:
8890:
8888:
8885:
8883:
8880:
8878:
8875:
8873:
8870:
8868:
8865:
8863:
8860:
8859:
8857:
8855:Multiple-fuel
8853:
8847:
8844:
8842:
8839:
8837:
8834:
8832:
8829:
8827:
8824:
8823:
8821:
8817:
8811:
8808:
8806:
8803:
8801:
8798:
8796:
8793:
8791:
8788:
8786:
8783:
8781:
8778:
8777:
8775:
8773:
8769:
8763:
8760:
8758:
8757:Methanol fuel
8755:
8753:
8750:
8748:
8745:
8743:
8740:
8738:
8735:
8733:
8730:
8728:
8725:
8723:
8720:
8718:
8715:
8713:
8710:
8708:
8705:
8704:
8702:
8700:
8697:
8693:
8685:
8682:
8680:
8677:
8675:
8672:
8671:
8670:
8669:Solar vehicle
8667:
8665:
8662:
8658:
8655:
8654:
8653:
8650:
8648:
8645:
8643:
8640:
8638:
8635:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8611:
8608:
8607:
8606:
8603:
8601:
8598:
8596:
8593:
8589:
8586:
8585:
8584:
8581:
8577:
8574:
8573:
8572:
8569:
8567:
8566:Electric boat
8564:
8562:
8559:
8557:
8554:
8552:
8549:
8547:
8544:
8542:
8539:
8538:
8536:
8534:
8529:
8525:
8519:
8518:Tesla turbine
8516:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8505:
8503:
8501:
8495:
8489:
8488:Electric boat
8486:
8484:
8481:
8475:
8472:
8471:
8470:
8467:
8465:
8462:
8460:
8457:
8455:
8452:
8451:
8450:
8449:Solar vehicle
8447:
8446:
8444:
8442:
8438:
8432:
8429:
8427:
8424:
8423:
8421:
8419:
8415:
8409:
8406:
8405:
8403:
8401:
8397:
8393:
8386:
8381:
8379:
8374:
8372:
8367:
8366:
8363:
8350:
8347:
8344:
8341:
8338:
8335:
8332:
8329:
8326:
8323:
8320:
8319:Nitrous oxide
8317:
8314:
8311:
8308:
8305:
8302:
8299:
8296:
8293:
8290:
8287:
8286:
8281:
8278:
8275:
8272:
8270:
8268:
8264:
8261:
8258:
8256:
8254:
8250:
8247:
8244:
8243:
8238:
8236:
8233:
8230:
8227:
8224:
8220:
8217:
8214:
8211:
8207:
8203:
8200:
8197:
8193:
8190:
8187:
8186:Preservatives
8184:
8181:
8178:
8177:
8174:
8170:
8163:
8158:
8156:
8151:
8149:
8144:
8143:
8140:
8128:
8125:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8111:
8108:
8107:
8106:
8103:
8101:
8098:
8096:
8093:
8091:
8088:
8086:
8083:
8081:
8080:Bunsen burner
8078:
8077:
8075:
8071:
8065:
8062:
8060:
8057:
8055:
8052:
8050:
8047:
8045:
8042:
8040:
8037:
8035:
8032:
8030:
8027:
8025:
8022:
8021:
8019:
8015:
8010:
7996:
7993:
7992:
7990:
7986:
7980:
7977:
7975:
7972:
7970:
7967:
7966:
7964:
7962:
7958:
7950:
7947:
7946:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7912:
7911:
7909:
7907:
7903:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7887:
7884:
7882:
7879:
7877:
7874:
7872:
7869:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7852:
7849:
7847:
7844:
7842:
7839:
7835:
7832:
7830:
7827:
7826:
7825:
7822:
7821:
7819:
7816:
7809:
7806:
7802:
7798:
7791:
7786:
7784:
7779:
7777:
7772:
7771:
7768:
7756:
7753:
7752:
7750:
7748:
7744:
7738:
7732:
7730:
7724:
7722:
7716:
7714:
7708:
7706:
7700:
7698:
7692:
7690:
7684:
7682:
7676:
7674:
7668:
7666:
7660:
7658:
7652:
7650:
7644:
7642:
7636:
7634:
7628:
7618:
7616:
7610:
7608:
7602:
7600:
7594:
7593:
7591:
7589:
7585:
7579:
7573:
7571:
7565:
7563:
7557:
7555:
7549:
7547:
7541:
7539:
7533:
7531:
7525:
7523:
7517:
7515:
7509:
7507:
7501:
7499:
7493:
7491:
7485:
7483:
7477:
7475:
7469:
7467:
7461:
7459:
7453:
7451:
7445:
7443:
7437:
7435:
7429:
7427:
7421:
7419:
7413:
7411:
7405:
7403:
7397:
7395:
7389:
7387:
7381:
7379:
7373:
7371:
7365:
7364:
7362:
7360:
7356:
7349:
7345:
7344:
7337:
7335:
7329:
7327:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7310:
7304:
7302:
7296:
7293:
7289:
7288:
7284:
7282:
7279:
7276:
7272:
7271:
7264:
7262:
7260:
7255:
7249:
7247:
7245:
7240:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7221:
7219:
7213:
7211:
7205:
7203:
7197:
7195:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7182:
7176:
7174:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7135:
7129:
7127:
7124:
7122:
7116:
7114:
7108:
7106:
7100:
7098:
7092:
7090:
7084:
7082:
7076:
7074:
7068:
7066:
7060:
7058:
7052:
7050:
7044:
7042:
7036:
7034:
7028:
7026:
7020:
7019:
7017:
7015:
7011:
7005:
7001:
7000:
6996:
6994:
6991:
6989:
6986:
6984:
6981:
6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6969:
6967:
6961:
6955:
6948:
6946:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6923:
6915:
6913:
6907:
6905:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6893:
6883:
6879:
6878:
6871:
6870:
6868:
6864:
6854:
6848:
6847:
6845:
6841:
6831:
6821:
6819:
6812:
6811:
6809:
6805:
6795:
6785:
6783:
6776:
6775:
6773:
6771:
6767:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6742:
6740:
6730:
6728:
6718:
6716:
6706:
6704:
6694:
6692:
6682:
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5225:
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5203:
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5039:
5036:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5026:
5024:
5021:
5020:
5018:
5016:
5013:Alkali metal
5010:
5006:
4999:
4994:
4992:
4987:
4985:
4980:
4979:
4976:
4964:
4961:
4959:
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4778:
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4458:
4452:
4450:9780444530783
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4423:
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4407:
4400:
4392:
4385:
4383:
4374:
4367:
4359:
4352:
4344:
4337:
4329:
4322:
4308:on 2007-12-23
4307:
4303:
4296:
4280:
4274:
4256:
4249:
4233:
4227:
4219:
4213:
4205:
4201:
4195:
4188:
4177:
4171:
4156:
4152:
4146:
4132:on 2012-05-10
4128:
4121:
4114:
4100:on 2011-10-25
4096:
4089:
4082:
4068:on 2011-12-09
4064:
4057:
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4024:
4018:
4014:
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4006:
4005:
3997:
3978:
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3756:
3750:
3729:
3722:
3718:
3716:. vasa.org.au
3715:
3712:
3702:on 2009-07-01
3701:
3697:
3693:
3683:on 2010-11-27
3682:
3678:
3674:
3664:on 2005-05-05
3663:
3659:
3655:
3645:on 2011-01-05
3641:
3634:
3630:
3628:. vasa.org.au
3627:
3624:
3614:on 2002-12-31
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2798:
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2762:
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2754:
2753:
2746:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2717:J. Chem. Phys
2711:
2704:
2699:
2693:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2678:. Cambridge:
2677:
2670:
2668:
2663:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2620:United States
2611:
2608:
2600:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2576:
2574:
2567:
2558:
2557:
2549:
2547:
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2522:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2490:
2488:
2484:
2479:
2477:
2476:Flat Top Road
2473:
2469:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
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2318:
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2308:
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2301:
2297:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2261:
2257:
2255:
2254:air pollution
2251:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2238:small engines
2234:
2231:
2230:octane rating
2225:
2223:
2219:
2213:
2202:
2199:
2191:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2165:This section
2163:
2159:
2154:
2153:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2136:
2130:
2128:
2123:
2115:
2106:
2104:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2084:
2082:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2048:and very low
2047:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2030:boiling point
2015:
2012:
2004:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1969:
1965:
1962: –
1961:
1957:
1956:Find sources:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1934:This article
1932:
1928:
1923:
1922:
1910:
1906:
1903:
1894:
1892:
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1871:
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1597:
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1557:
1546:
1537:
1534:
1526:
1513:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1480:
1476:
1475:melting point
1472:
1471:boiling point
1468:
1464:
1414:
1410:
1401:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1381:
1379:
1375:
1370:
1368:
1363:
1359:
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1352:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1306:Pennsylvanian
1303:
1287:
1283:
1282:hydrogenation
1279:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1254:
1253:boiling point
1249:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1188:
1185:
1182:) is a three-
1179:
1149:
1137:
1125:
1118:
1113:
1096:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1072:
1069:
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1064:
1062:
1059:
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1044:
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1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1023:
1022:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1004:
1000:
997:(Recommended)
996:
992:
991:
987:
984:(Permissible)
983:
979:
978:
974:
973:
968:
964:
962:
959:
958:
954:
951:
945:
944:
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913:
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843:
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838:
834:
829:
825:
822:
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813:
811:
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801:
797:
789:
781:
775:
774:
770:
762:
754:
748:
747:
743:
738:
733:
732:Heat capacity
729:
728:
723:
720:0.083 D
719:
716:
715:Dipole moment
712:
711:
707:
703:
699:
698:
695:
692:
690:
687:
686:
682:
675:
671:
665:
664:
660:
658:
655:
654:
650:
648:
647:
642:
641:
637:
634:
630:
629:
625:
622:
618:
614:
611:
610:
606:
604:
603:Boiling point
601:
600:
596:
594:
593:Melting point
591:
590:
586:
584:
581:
580:
576:
574:
571:
570:
566:
563:
562:
555:
553:
550:
549:
534:
531:
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526:
521:
512:
511:
508:
501:
487:
486:
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476:
468:
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460:
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457:
447:
443:
442:
438:
436:
433:
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416:
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405:
404:
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400:
397:
396:
389:
385:
384:
382:
376:
372:
371:
364:
360:
359:
357:
355:
352:
351:
347:
344:
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336:
332:
330:
325:
324:
317:
316:
314:
312:
307:
306:
302:
298:
295:
293:
291:ECHA InfoCard
288:
287:
280:
276:
275:
273:
271:
268:
267:
260:
256:
255:
253:
251:
248:
247:
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235:
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220:
216:
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208:
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201:
197:
192:
191:
184:
180:
179:
177:
174:
170:
169:
164:
156:
152:
144:
140:
135:
124:
120:
114:
110:
109:
105:
94:
90:
84:
80:
79:
75:
67:
63:
52:
43:
39:
35:
30:
21:
20:
11701:Refrigerants
11676:Fossil fuels
11619:
11618:
11589:
11446:Lavender oil
11212:
11188:Nitric oxide
11108:Cryofluorane
11053:Acetophenone
11011:Methaqualone
11006:Mecloqualone
11001:Mebroqualone
10991:Diproqualone
10986:Cloroqualone
10915:Glutethimide
10719:
10671:
10638:
10600:
10573:Testosterone
10538:Progesterone
10503:Hydroxydione
10452:Androsterone
10379:Acecarbromal
10284:constituents
10071:Cyclarbamate
10061:Carisoprodol
9833:Metaclazepam
9828:Menitrazepam
9818:Meclonazepam
9813:Lormetazepam
9743:Flutemazepam
9568:Ciclotizolam
9558:Carburazepam
9450:Thiobarbital
9410:Secobarbital
9375:Phetharbital
9355:Nealbarbital
9340:Methohexital
9325:Hexobarbital
9260:Butallylonal
9255:Butobarbital
9210:Barbexaclone
9205:Aprobarbital
9190:Allobarbital
9177:Barbiturates
9144:
9136:
9126:Petrichloral
8948:
8941:
8934:
8877:Hybrid train
8845:
8742:Ethanol fuel
8722:Butanol fuel
8707:Alcohol fuel
8642:Hybrid train
8583:Electric car
8571:Electric bus
8336:
8265:
8251:
8234:
8192:Antioxidants
8105:Gas lighting
8090:Gas cylinder
7978:
7876:Producer gas
7861:Landfill gas
7856:Gasification
7347:
7338:
7291:
7285:
7274:
7265:
7258:
7253:
7243:
7238:
7003:
6997:
6916:
6881:
6872:
6866:Livermoranes
6631:Polysulfanes
6554:Polyoxidanes
6522:
6487:
6478:
5979:
5971:
5966:
5957:
5559:Cycloalkynes
5554:Cycloalkenes
5549:Cycloalkanes
5526:Hydrocarbons
5499:
5487:
5479:
5474:
5465:
5065:Monohydrides
4575:
4432:
4399:
4366:
4351:
4336:
4321:
4310:. Retrieved
4306:the original
4295:
4283:. Retrieved
4273:
4261:. Retrieved
4248:
4236:. Retrieved
4226:
4212:
4204:the original
4194:
4186:
4180:. Retrieved
4170:
4159:. Retrieved
4154:
4145:
4134:. Retrieved
4127:the original
4113:
4102:. Retrieved
4095:the original
4081:
4070:. Retrieved
4063:the original
4049:
4041:www.astm.org
4040:
4031:
4002:
3996:
3986:December 15,
3984:. Retrieved
3977:the original
3964:
3953:. Retrieved
3949:the original
3924:. Retrieved
3920:
3910:
3898:. Retrieved
3838:
3834:
3824:
3813:. Retrieved
3810:Cooling Post
3809:
3799:
3788:. Retrieved
3784:the original
3774:
3763:. Retrieved
3759:the original
3749:
3735:. Retrieved
3728:the original
3704:. Retrieved
3700:the original
3685:. Retrieved
3681:the original
3666:. Retrieved
3662:the original
3647:. Retrieved
3640:the original
3616:. Retrieved
3612:the original
3599:
3587:. Retrieved
3572:
3561:. Retrieved
3554:the original
3541:
3530:
3519:. Retrieved
3494:
3490:
3480:
3448:(3): 21–27.
3445:
3441:
3431:
3422:
3412:
3393:
3387:
3376:. Retrieved
3366:
3343:
3339:
3319:
3315:
3288:cite journal
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3249:
3235:
3221:
3207:
3195:. Retrieved
3178:
3172:
3161:. Retrieved
3151:
3140:. Retrieved
3136:
3126:
3115:. Retrieved
3111:
3101:
3090:. Retrieved
3086:
3076:
3065:. Retrieved
3061:the original
3050:
3038:the original
3033:
3021:
3010:. Retrieved
3005:
2996:
2985:. Retrieved
2981:the original
2954:
2948:
2939:
2933:
2924:
2916:
2911:
2895:
2891:
2881:
2875:
2864:. Retrieved
2860:
2851:
2842:
2833:
2822:. Retrieved
2818:
2809:
2800:
2791:
2751:
2745:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2701:
2675:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2603:
2594:
2570:
2530:salt caverns
2527:
2523:
2496:
2480:
2464:
2421:
2412:
2409:
2385:
2382:
2354:
2340:
2336:
2258:
2250:leaf blowers
2235:
2226:
2215:
2194:
2188:October 2009
2185:
2174:Please help
2169:verification
2166:
2143:
2138:
2131:
2127:grain drying
2124:
2120:
2100:
2092:off-the-grid
2089:
2085:
2078:
2073:refrigerants
2064:, and other
2043:
2027:
2007:
1998:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1967:
1955:
1943:Please help
1938:verification
1935:
1904:
1900:
1888:
1877:
1853:
1487:
1460:
1387:
1371:
1364:
1360:
1354:
1350:
1348:
1340:steel bottle
1333:
1330:hydrocarbons
1275:
1250:
1147:
1146:
1071:cyclopropane
971:
948:Autoignition
883:
847:
809:
787:
760:
736:
673:
645:
620:
616:
399:RTECS number
259:ChEMBL135416
166:Identifiers
46:
11696:Natural gas
11528:Stiripentol
11523:Seproxetine
11493:Niacinamide
11473:Loreclezole
11294:Avermectins
11258:Vinyl ether
11228:Sevoflurane
11208:Paraldehyde
11158:Halopropane
10981:Afloqualone
10963:Tracazolate
10958:ICI-190,622
10948:Cartazolate
10925:Piperidione
10920:Methyprylon
10887:Fospropofol
10809:Pipequaline
10617:Pazinaclone
10607:Eszopiclone
10463:Cholesterol
10447:Androstenol
10371:Monoureides
10351:Methysticin
10151:Tetrabamate
10131:Pentabamate
10121:Meprobamate
10091:Febarbamate
10056:Carisbamate
10008:Triflubazam
9998:Tolufazepam
9958:Rilmazafone
9953:Remimazolam
9928:Proflazepam
9913:Pivoxazepam
9873:Nitrazepate
9863:Nimetazepam
9798:Lopirazepam
9768:Haloxazolam
9718:Fludiazepam
9663:Doxefazepam
9638:Delorazepam
9618:Clotiazepam
9613:Clorazepate
9578:Cinolazepam
9475:Vinbarbital
9430:Tetrabamate
9385:Probarbital
9365:Phenallymal
9330:Metharbital
9305:Febarbamate
9200:Amobarbital
9101:Isopropanol
9071:Chloralodol
8727:Biogasoline
8441:Solar power
8418:Human power
8210:emulsifiers
8206:stabilisers
8127:Pilot light
8122:Gas turbine
8029:Gas carrier
7906:Natural gas
7871:Pintsch gas
6449:Bismuthanes
4899:Tetracosane
4882:Heneicosane
4814:Heptadecane
4780:Pentadecane
4763:Tetradecane
4218:"Inhalants"
3589:22 December
3423:Engineering
3274:: 988–992.
3262:-butane to
3197:31 December
2861:vasa.org.au
2597:August 2017
2552:Retail cost
2428:natural gas
2350:ethanethiol
2271:blowtorches
2246:lawn mowers
2222:diesel fuel
2040:Refrigerant
1479:space group
1398:fatty acids
1372:During the
1242:isobutylene
1210:natural gas
950:temperature
937:Flash point
842:Signal word
668:Henry's law
564:Appearance
523:Properties
297:100.000.753
239:CHEBI:32879
49:August 2024
11645:Categories
11561:Topiramate
11551:Terpenoids
11508:Propanidid
11498:Org 25,435
11426:Flupirtine
11421:Fluoxetine
11327:Chloralose
11298:ivermectin
11203:Norflurane
11168:Isoflurane
11113:Desflurane
11103:Chloroform
11063:Aliflurane
10996:Etaqualone
10824:SB-205,384
10754:CP-615,003
10749:CL-218,872
10703:Panadiplon
10693:Lorediplon
10622:Suproclone
10583:Zuranolone
10543:Renanolone
10528:Posovolone
10508:Minaxolone
10498:Ganaxolone
10437:Alfaxalone
10432:Alfadolone
10422:Acebrochol
10389:Bromisoval
10267:Metomidate
10254:Imidazoles
10214:Hispidulin
10166:Flavonoids
10126:Nisobamate
10116:Mebutamate
10086:Ethinamate
10081:Emylcamate
10048:Carbamates
10018:Tuclazepam
9993:Tetrazepam
9948:Reclazepam
9923:Premazepam
9903:Phenazepam
9883:Nordazepam
9878:Nitrazolam
9868:Nitrazepam
9848:Motrazepam
9803:Loprazolam
9793:Lofendazam
9778:Imidazenil
9738:Flutazolam
9733:Flurazepam
9703:Fletazepam
9658:Dimdazenil
9653:Diclazepam
9633:Cyprazepam
9623:Cloxazolam
9603:Clonazolam
9598:Clonazepam
9588:Climazolam
9548:Brotizolam
9543:Bromazolam
9538:Bromazepam
9533:Bretazenil
9528:Bentazepam
9518:Arfendazam
9513:Alprazolam
9508:Adinazolam
9480:Vinylbital
9460:Thiopental
9335:Methitural
9250:Buthalital
9245:Butalbital
9096:Isobutanol
8282:(E990–999)
8276:(E950–969)
8274:Sweeteners
8269:(E930–949)
8262:(E920–929)
8255:(E910–919)
8248:(E900–909)
8231:(E600–699)
8225:(E500–599)
8219:regulators
8212:(E400–499)
8202:Thickeners
8198:(E300–399)
8188:(E200–299)
8182:(E100–199)
8110:Gas mantle
8100:Gas heater
8095:Gas engine
8085:Gas burner
8034:Gas holder
6472:Moscovanes
6337:Phosphenes
6199:Phosphanes
5997:Pnictogen
5954:Flerovanes
5105:Dihydrides
5055:(Group 2)
4916:Nonacosane
4848:Nonadecane
4831:Octadecane
4312:2007-12-22
4182:2016-05-12
4161:2008-07-28
4136:2012-05-17
4104:2011-10-24
4072:2011-10-24
4054:Amerigas.
4022:3527306730
3955:2012-05-17
3926:2021-12-28
3900:19 January
3815:2024-03-09
3790:2010-10-29
3765:2010-10-29
3737:2010-10-29
3706:2010-10-29
3687:2010-10-29
3668:2010-10-29
3649:2010-10-29
3618:2010-10-29
3563:2010-10-29
3521:2023-08-11
3378:2019-03-25
3163:2010-10-29
3142:2021-01-30
3117:2021-01-30
3092:2021-01-30
3067:2007-12-22
3045:, Page 17.
3034:LPGA Times
3012:2007-12-22
2987:2007-12-22
2923:3rd ser.,
2866:2024-05-11
2824:2022-04-12
2750:Record of
2659:References
2499:by-product
2493:Production
2424:asphyxiant
2264:Other uses
2148:Motor fuel
2135:tank truck
2103:heat pumps
2034:carburetor
2001:April 2019
1971:newspapers
1490:combustion
1376:, propane
1206:by-product
965:2.37–9.5%
821:Pictograms
780:combustion
552:Molar mass
424:T75W9911L6
270:ChemSpider
194:3D model (
173:CAS Number
11620:See also:
11582:valerenol
11503:Phenytoin
11483:Monastrol
11441:Lanthanum
11436:KRM-II-81
11399:Fenamates
11394:Etifoxine
11389:Etazepine
11384:Efavirenz
11342:Darigabat
11238:Teflurane
11223:Roflurane
11218:Propylene
11163:Halothane
11148:Fluroxene
11133:Enflurane
11036:Volatiles
10953:Etazolate
10864:Viqualine
10819:RWJ-51204
10784:L-838,417
10774:Imepitoin
10744:CGS-20625
10739:CGS-13767
10724:Adipiplon
10698:Ocinaplon
10660:Saripidem
10655:Necopidem
10632:Zopiclone
10627:Suriclone
10612:Pagoclone
10518:ORG-21465
10513:ORG-20599
10404:Ectylurea
10394:Carbromal
10272:Propoxate
10262:Etomidate
10189:Baicalein
10146:Styramate
10141:Procymate
10111:Lorbamate
10096:Felbamate
10066:Clocental
10038:Zomebazam
10033:Zolazepam
10028:Zapizolam
10023:Uldazepam
10003:Triazolam
9988:Temazepam
9983:Sulazepam
9973:Ro48-8684
9968:Ro48-6791
9963:Ripazepam
9933:Pyrazolam
9908:Pinazepam
9858:Nifoxipam
9843:Midazolam
9838:Mexazolam
9823:Medazepam
9808:Lorazepam
9788:Ketazolam
9783:Irazepine
9773:Iclazepam
9763:Halazepam
9758:Gidazepam
9753:Fosazepam
9673:Estazolam
9668:Elfazepam
9643:Demoxepam
9573:Cinazepam
9553:Camazepam
9523:Avizafone
9445:Thiamylal
9380:Primidone
9310:Heptabarb
9300:Eterobarb
9265:Carbubarb
9162:Triclofos
9061:Brometone
8907:Solar bus
8902:Solar car
8887:Multifuel
8712:Biodiesel
8684:Solar bus
8679:Solar car
8469:Solar car
8464:Solar bus
8400:Fuel cell
8331:Isobutane
8169:E numbers
8117:Gas stove
8039:Gas meter
7891:Water gas
7348:predicted
7292:predicted
7275:predicted
7004:predicted
6882:predicted
6541:Hydrogen
6488:predicted
5958:predicted
5930:Plumbanes
5894:Stannanes
5564:Annulenes
5466:predicted
5462:Nihonanes
5426:Thallanes
5391:Indiganes
5161:Group 13
5053:Alkaline
4746:Tridecane
4176:"Propane"
3945:"Autogas"
3511:248206074
3472:211776025
3464:0368-6418
3192:800618302
2857:"Propane"
2653:Hank Hill
2585:talk page
2468:explosion
2440:pneumonia
2426:. Unlike
2401:cryogenic
2365:propylene
2342:Propylene
2275:soldering
2081:flammable
1960:"Propane"
1864:propylene
1860:C–C bonds
1802:⟶
1683:⟶
1555:⟶
1413:Pyrometry
1384:Etymology
1378:shortages
1316:in 1864.
1310:crude oil
1238:butadiene
1226:propylene
1214:petroleum
1139:A 20 lb (
1043:isobutane
812:labelling
753:formation
694:Propanium
577:Odorless
435:UN number
406:TX2275000
318:200-827-9
310:EC Number
11681:Fuel gas
11608:TCS-1205
11603:TCS-1105
11593:α-Pinene
11566:Valerian
11541:tetronal
11518:Safranal
11467:obovatol
11463:magnolol
11459:honokiol
11289:Alogabat
11284:AA-29504
11233:Synthane
11193:Nitrogen
11173:Kerosine
11153:Gasoline
11143:Ethylene
11083:Centalun
11078:Butylene
10892:Propofol
10854:U-89843A
10834:TGSC01AA
10804:NS-11394
10769:GBLD-345
10734:CGS-9896
10729:CGS-8216
10713:Zaleplon
10708:Taniplon
10688:Indiplon
10683:Fasiplon
10678:Divaplon
10665:Zolpidem
10568:SAGE-872
10563:SAGE-689
10558:SAGE-516
10553:SAGE-324
10548:SAGE-105
10456:Certain
10399:Capuride
10361:Yangonin
10238:baicalin
10234:Skullcap
10224:Luteolin
10199:Catechin
10194:Baicalin
10184:Apigenin
10156:Tybamate
9943:Quazepam
9938:QH-II-66
9918:Prazepam
9898:Oxazolam
9893:Oxazepam
9693:Etizolam
9648:Diazepam
9628:CP-1414S
9593:Clobazam
9583:Clazolam
9470:Valofane
9425:Talbutal
9415:Sigmodal
9320:Hexethal
9215:Barbital
9195:Alphenal
9185:(-)-DMBB
9131:Propanol
9121:Pentanol
9111:Methanol
9053:Alcohols
8977:Vactrain
8960:See also
8772:Hydrogen
8762:Wood gas
8674:aircraft
8349:Hydrogen
8313:Nitrogen
8059:Odorizer
8044:Gasworks
7995:Hydrogen
7896:Wood gas
7866:Mond gas
7851:Blau gas
7824:Coal gas
7797:Fuel gas
7261:< 1)
6807:Tellanes
6426:Stibanes
5821:Germanes
5356:Gallanes
5163:hydrides
4729:Dodecane
4712:Undecane
4263:June 16,
4238:June 16,
3873:37319002
3864:10324305
3583:Archived
3515:Archived
3322:: 2224.
3186:. 1913.
2785:(NIOSH).
2643:Blau gas
2637:See also
2579:You may
2519:cracking
2452:toxicity
2432:inhalant
2218:gasoline
1880:enthalpy
1868:butylene
1618:, soot (
1326:gasoline
1234:butylene
884:NFPA 704
803:Hazards
704:(χ)
670:constant
328:E number
224:1730718
72:Propane
11661:Alkanes
11651:Propane
11555:borneol
11553:(e.g.,
11545:trional
11535:(e.g.,
11453:(e.g.,
11451:Lignans
11401:(e.g.,
11359:(e.g.,
11304:Bromide
11296:(e.g.,
11279:α-EMTBL
11243:Toluene
11213:Propane
11088:Chloral
11068:Benzene
11048:Acetone
10879:Phenols
10869:Y-23684
10859:U-90042
10844:TPA-023
10829:SX-3228
10814:ROD-188
10799:NS-2710
10794:NS-2664
10779:JM-1232
10764:ELB-139
10759:CTP-354
10645:Alpidem
10244:Wogonin
10219:Linarin
9698:FG-8205
9405:Reposal
9106:Menthol
9066:Butanol
8846:Propane
8826:Autogas
8696:Biofuel
8561:Pedelec
8431:Pedelec
8337:Propane
8333:(E943b)
8327:(E943a)
7979:Propane
7969:Autogas
7949:Bio-SNG
7815:History
7246:< 1)
6843:Polanes
6770:Selanes
6756:more...
6618:more...
6390:Arsanes
6323:more...
6132:more...
5787:Silynes
5758:Silenes
5744:more...
5620:Silanes
5544:alkynes
5539:alkenes
5534:alkanes
5172:Boranes
4865:Icosane
4644:Heptane
4610:Pentane
4576:Propane
4546:Methane
4535:Alkanes
3921:Propane
3843:Bibcode
3310:Propane
2815:"Fuels"
2779:"#0524"
2759:of the
2755:in the
2752:Propane
2725:Bibcode
2538:Alberta
2436:hypoxia
2418:Hazards
2346:odorant
2212:Autogas
2139:tankers
1985:scholar
1897:Density
1494:alkanes
1467:odorant
1320:of the
1300:) with
1272:History
1266:campers
1148:Propane
1117:what is
1115: (
1061:propene
672: (
583:Density
375:PubChem
183:74-98-6
147:Propane
66:propyne
62:propene
42:Discuss
11488:Niacin
11073:Butane
11026:SL-164
10897:Thymol
10839:TP-003
10720:Others
10523:P1-185
10483:5β-DHP
10478:5α-DHP
10473:3α-DHP
10321:Kavain
10229:Rc-OMe
8967:Maglev
8819:Others
8717:Biogas
8500:engine
8351:(E949)
8345:(E948)
8343:Oxygen
8339:(E944)
8325:Butane
8321:(E942)
8315:(E941)
8309:(E940)
8303:(E939)
8301:Helium
8297:(E938)
8291:(E930)
8221:&
8208:&
8194:&
8180:Colors
7974:Butane
7886:Syngas
7841:Biogas
6146:Azenes
6008:Azanes
5321:Alanes
4695:Decane
4678:Nonane
4661:Octane
4627:Hexane
4593:Butane
4559:Ethane
4457:syngas
4447:
4285:1 July
4157:. 2005
4019:
3871:
3861:
3509:
3470:
3462:
3400:
3350:–750.
3190:
2694:
2544:; and
2515:ethane
2511:butane
2485:. The
2369:butane
2361:ethane
2333:Purity
2062:R-134a
1987:
1980:
1973:
1966:
1958:
1620:carbon
1454:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1308:light
1240:, and
1230:butane
1187:alkane
1184:carbon
1141:9.1 kg
1112:verify
1109:
1066:allene
1038:butane
1033:ethane
848:Danger
651:2.236
557:44.097
507:SMILES
363:D05625
348:25044
250:ChEMBL
137:Names
11347:DEABL
11040:gases
10849:TP-13
10578:THDOC
10468:DHDOC
8533:motor
8459:boats
8295:Argon
8246:Waxes
7988:Other
7804:Types
4258:(PDF)
4130:(PDF)
4123:(PDF)
4098:(PDF)
4091:(PDF)
4066:(PDF)
4059:(PDF)
3980:(PDF)
3973:(PDF)
3894:(PDF)
3731:(PDF)
3724:(PDF)
3643:(PDF)
3636:(PDF)
3557:(PDF)
3550:(PDF)
3507:S2CID
3468:S2CID
3346:(6):
3216:icon.
3041:(PDF)
3030:(PDF)
2587:, or
1992:JSTOR
1978:books
1390:prop-
1388:The "
972:NIOSH
482:InChI
439:1978
333:E944
230:ChEBI
196:JSmol
36:into
34:moved
10650:DS-1
10282:Kava
10209:EGCG
9145:tert
9137:tert
9040:GABA
8657:List
8588:List
8531:and
8073:Uses
7929:HCNG
4445:ISBN
4287:2013
4265:2021
4240:2021
4017:ISBN
3988:2016
3902:2018
3869:PMID
3591:2021
3460:ISSN
3425:: 3.
3398:ISBN
3332:and
3294:link
3199:2023
3188:OCLC
3137:WBAY
3112:KPLC
3087:WKYT
2692:ISBN
2505:and
2316:gas.
2273:for
2248:and
2220:and
2058:R-22
2054:R-12
1964:news
1917:Uses
1878:The
1866:and
1838:heat
1735:heat
1601:heat
1264:and
1222:fuel
1008:IDLH
876:P210
862:H220
644:log
573:Odor
415:UNII
388:6334
354:KEGG
279:6094
11379:DS2
10488:DHT
10204:EGC
8737:E85
8699:ICE
7961:LPG
7944:SNG
7939:NGC
7934:LNG
7924:CNG
7919:CBM
7914:APG
7755:PsH
7734:CfH
7726:CfH
7718:BkH
7710:BkH
7702:CmH
7694:AmH
7686:AmH
7678:PuH
7670:PuH
7662:NpH
7654:NpH
7630:PaH
7612:ThH
7604:ThH
7596:AcH
7575:LuH
7567:LuH
7559:YbH
7551:TmH
7543:TmH
7535:ErH
7527:ErH
7519:HoH
7511:HoH
7503:DyH
7495:DyH
7487:TbH
7479:TbH
7471:GdH
7463:GdH
7455:EuH
7447:SmH
7439:SmH
7431:NdH
7423:NdH
7415:PrH
7407:PrH
7399:CeH
7391:CeH
7383:LaH
7375:LaH
7367:LaH
7340:CnH
7331:HgH
7314:HgH
7306:CdH
7298:ZnH
7287:RgH
7281:CuH
7267:DsH
7251:PtH
7236:PdH
7231:NiH
7223:IrH
7215:RhH
7207:CoH
7199:FeH
7191:FeH
7186:FeH
7178:CrH
7170:CrH
7165:CrH
7157:TaH
7152:TaH
7144:NbH
7139:NbH
7118:HfH
7110:HfH
7102:ZrH
7094:ZrH
7086:TiH
7078:TiH
7070:LuH
7062:LuH
7022:ScH
6999:HTs
6993:HAt
6983:HBr
6978:HCl
6936:HDO
6925:(?)
6922:O–O
6874:LvH
6850:PoH
6530:(?)
6480:McH
6456:BiH
6433:SbH
6398:AsH
5980:FlH
5972:FlH
5967:FlH
5937:PbH
5902:SnH
5829:GeH
5807:SiH
5628:SiH
5500:NhH
5480:NhH
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