4419:
in the country. These negative views toward women as well as societal norms impact the incentive for women to participate in the economy and hinder their economic production. Zimbabwe's constitution has provisions in it that provide incentive to achieve greater gender equality, but the data shows that enforcement has been lax and adoption slow. In
December 2016 the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies conducted a case study to determine how to best implement effective policy to address issues such as gender violence and implementation of equality laws. It was found that sex and gender based violence against women and girls was increasing in areas that had experienced disasters (floods, drought, disease) but could not quantify the extent of the increase. Some of the obstacles in combating these issues are that there are economic barriers to declaring sex and gender based violence to be unacceptable as well as social barriers. Additionally, governmental services which were installed to help educate the populace about these issues as well as provide services to victims are underfunded and unable to carry out their duties. The UN also provided economic incentive to adopt policies which would discourage these practices which negatively impacted women in Zimbabwe.
3336:
2262:
maintained for the next 37 years, Zimbabwe would have in 2016 a GDP of US$ 52 billion. Instead it had a formal sector GDP of only US$ 14 billion, a cost of US$ 38 billion in lost growth. The population growth in 1980 was among the highest in Africa at about 3.5 per cent per annum, doubling every 21 years. Had this growth been maintained, the population would have been 31 million. Instead, as of 2018, it is about 13 million. The discrepancies were believed to be partly caused by death from starvation and disease, and partly due to decreased fertility. The life expectancy has halved, and deaths from politically motivated violence sponsored by the government exceed 200,000 since 1980. The Mugabe government has directly or indirectly caused the deaths of at least three million
Zimbabweans in 37 years. According to World Food Programme, over two million people are facing starvation because of the recent droughts the country is going through.
3661:
universities and research institutions lack the financial and human resources to conduct research and the regulatory environment hampers the transfer of new technologies to the business sector. The economic crisis has precipitated an exodus of university students and professionals in key areas of expertise (medicine, engineering, etc.) that is of growing concern. More than 22% of
Zimbabwean tertiary students were completing their degrees abroad in 2012, compared to a 4% average for sub-Saharan Africa as a whole. In 2012, there were 200 researchers (head count) employed in the public sector, one-quarter of whom were women. This is double the continental average (91 in 2013) but only one-quarter the researcher density of South Africa (818 per million inhabitants). The government has created the Zimbabwe Human Capital Website to provide information for the diaspora on job and investment opportunities in Zimbabwe.
3645:
3351:, started making overtures that white farmers could come back. There were 400 to 500 still left in the country, but much of the land that had been confiscated was no longer productive. By 2016, there remained about 300 of the original 4,500 farms owned by white farmers. The farms that left were either too remote or their owners had paid for protection or collaborated with the regime. In January 2007, the government issued long-term leases to some white farmers. At the same time, however, the government also continued to demand that all remaining white farmers, who were given eviction notices earlier, vacate the land or risk being arrested. Mugabe pointed to foreign governments and alleged "sabotage" as the cause of the fall of the Zimbabwean economy, as well as the country's 80% formal unemployment rate.
2743:, the official results required a run-off between Mugabe and Tsvangirai. The MDC-T challenged these results, claiming widespread election fraud by the Mugabe government. The run-off was scheduled for 27 June 2008. On 22 June, citing the continuing unfairness of the process and refusing to participate in a "violent, illegitimate sham of an election process", Tsvangirai pulled out of the presidential run-off, the election commission held the run-off, and President Mugabe received a landslide majority. The MDC-T did not participate in the Senate elections, while the MDC-M won five seats in the Senate. The MDC-M was weakened by defections from members of parliament and individuals who were disillusioned by their manifesto. On 28 April 2008, Tsvangirai and Mutambara announced at a joint news conference in
5152:. As a result, many press organisations have been set up in both neighbouring and Western countries by exiled Zimbabweans. Because the internet is unrestricted, many Zimbabweans are allowed to access online news sites set up by exiled journalists. Reporters Without Borders claims the media environment in Zimbabwe involves "surveillance, threats, imprisonment, censorship, blackmail, abuse of power and denial of justice are all brought to bear to keep firm control over the news." In its 2021 report, Reporters Without Borders ranked the Zimbabwean media as 130th out of 180, noting that "access to information has improved and self-censorship has declined, but journalists are still often attacked or arrested". The government also bans many foreign broadcasting stations from Zimbabwe, including the
4346:
increased the charges attached to school enrolment until they now greatly exceed the real value of fees in 1980. The
Ministry of Education of Zimbabwe maintains and operates the government schools, but the fees charged by independent schools are regulated by the cabinet of Zimbabwe. The education department has stated that 20,000 teachers have left Zimbabwe since 2007 and that half of Zimbabwe's children have not progressed beyond primary school. Education came under threat since the economic changes in 2000, with teachers going on strike because of low pay, students unable to concentrate because of hunger, and the price of uniforms soaring making this standard a luxury. Teachers were also one of the main targets of Mugabe's attacks because he thought they were not strong supporters.
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3665:
3313:. Zimbabwe is the largest trading partner of South Africa on the continent. Taxes and tariffs are high for private enterprises, while state enterprises are strongly subsidised. State regulation is costly to companies; starting or closing a business is slow and expensive. Tourism also plays a key role in the economy but has been failing in recent years. The Zimbabwe Conservation Task Force released a report in June 2007, estimating that 60% of Zimbabwe's wildlife had died since 2000 as a result of poaching and deforestation. The report warns that the loss of life combined with widespread deforestation is potentially disastrous for the tourism industry. The
4434:" and as a result women are not consulted in decision-making; they must implement the men's wishes. The subordination of women in Zimbabwe, and the cultural forces which dictate what they must be, have led to deaths and the sacrifice of professional advancement in order for them to fulfill their roles as wives, mothers, and subordinates. Women are taught that they must never refuse their husband's sexual advances, even if they know they are infected with HIV from being unfaithful. As a result of this practice, Zimbabwean women aged 15β49 have an HIV prevalence rate of 16.1% and make up 62% of the total population infected with HIV in that age group.
2318:
137:
3298:
13888:
996:
3742:
1686:
3215:. In 2002, Zimbabwe held general elections and ahead of that election the EU sent observers, but the election observer team was forced to leave the country. In February 2002 the EU placed targeted or restrictive measures on Zimbabwe. At least 20 government officials were banned from entering Europe, and EU funding was halted. Prior to the elections there was $ 128 million that was budgeted for the Zimbabwean government from 2002 to 2007, this was cancelled. Nevertheless, the EU only stopped funding the government directly but it continued sending money only through aid agencies and NGOs.
4297:
3502:
4863:
3321:
16025:
6955:"Report on the 1980s disturbances in Matabeleland and the Midlands, by the Catholic Commission for Justice and Peace in Zimbabwe, March 1997 β Conclusion β FINAL ESTIMATE: The figure for the dead and missing is not less than 3000. This statement is now beyond reasonable doubt. Adding up the conservative suggestions made above, the figure is reasonably certainly 3750 dead. More than that it is still not possible to say, except to allow that the real figure for the dead could be possibly double 3000, or even higher. Only further research will resolve the issue"
3038:
2795:
2148:
1569:
4497:
3267:
3199:(sometimes referred to as municipalities). Each district is headed by a district administrator, appointed by the Public Service Commission. There is also a Rural District Council, which appoints a chief executive officer. The Rural District Council is composed of elected ward councillors, the district administrator, and one representative of the chiefs (traditional leaders appointed under customary law) in the district. Other government functions at district level are carried out by district offices of national government departments.
4161:
1752:
3344:
of the Congo drained hundreds of millions of dollars from the economy. From 1999 to 2009, Zimbabwe saw the lowest ever economic growth with an annual GDP decrease of 6.1%. The downward spiral of the economy has been attributed mainly to mismanagement and corruption by the government and the eviction of more than 4,000 white farmers in the controversial land confiscations of 2000. The
Zimbabwean government and its supporters attest that it was Western policies to avenge the expulsion of their kin that sabotaged the economy.
92:
3922:
2120:
2897:
2708:
2630:
1395:
3436:, discovered in 2006, are considered the biggest diamond find in over a century. They have the potential to improve the fiscal situation of the country considerably, but almost all revenues from the field have disappeared into the pockets of army officers and ZANUβPF politicians. In terms of carats produced, the Marange field is one of the largest diamond-producing projects in the world, estimated to have produced 12 million carats in 2014 worth over $ 350 million.
1640:
937:
795:
3188:
corresponds roughly to the precolonial territory of the Shona people and the
Matabele people, although there are significant ethnic minorities in most provinces. Each province is headed by a provincial governor, appointed by the president. The provincial government is run by a provincial administrator, appointed by the Public Service Commission. Other government functions at provincial level are carried out by provincial offices of national government departments.
78:
4449:
3932:
1519:
19188:
17355:
16240:
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significantly decline; by 1997 an estimated 25% of the population had been infected by HIV in a pandemic that was affecting most of southern Africa. Land redistribution re-emerged as the main issue for the ZANUβPF government around 1997. Despite the existence of a "willing-buyer-willing-seller" land reform programme since the 1980s, the minority white
Zimbabwean population of around 0.6% continued to hold 70% of the country's most fertile agricultural land.
3895:
3458:
19198:
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1955:. The purpose of the conference was to discuss and reach an agreement on the terms of an independence constitution, and provide for elections supervised under British authority allowing Zimbabwe Rhodesia to proceed to legal independence. With Lord Carrington, Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs of the United Kingdom, in the chair, these discussions were mounted from 10 September to 15 December in 1979, producing a total of 47
3885:
4519:, textiles, jewellery and carving. Among the distinctive qualities are symmetrically patterned woven baskets and stools carved out of a single piece of wood. Shona sculpture, which has a long cultural history, began evolving into its modern form in the mid 20th century and gained increasing international popularity. Most subjects of carved figures of stylised birds and human figures among others are made with sedimentary rock such as
1898:
5181:
4324:
1987:
14062:
4787:
820:
772:
753:
720:
701:
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facing less political interference, and the supreme court has ruled some sections of the strict media laws as unconstitutional. In July 2009 the BBC and CNN were able to resume operations and report legally and openly from
Zimbabwe. The Zimbabwe Ministry of Media, Information and Publicity stated that, "the Zimbabwe government never banned the BBC from carrying out lawful activities inside Zimbabwe".
4691:
7385:
2303:
5227:, approximately 14 km (9 mi) southeast of Harare. There are many different formations of the rocks, incorporating single and paired columns of three or more rocks. These formations are a feature of south and east tropical Africa from northern South Africa northwards to Sudan. The most notable formations in Zimbabwe are located in the Matobo National Park in Matabeleland.
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4309:
government declared the outbreak to be a national emergency and asked for international aid. By 9 March 2009 The World Health
Organization estimated that 4,011 people had succumbed to the waterborne disease since the outbreak began, and the total number of cases recorded had reached 89,018. In Harare, the city council offered free graves to cholera victims.
1836:
3475:
production fell from 250,000 tons to 60,000 tons, maize was reduced from two million tons to 500,000 tons and cattle slaughtered for beef fell from 605,000 head to 244,000 head. Coffee production, once a prized export commodity, came to a virtual halt after seizure or expropriation of white-owned coffee farms in 2000 and has never recovered.
3407:
ministry reported that they had only $ 217 in their treasury and would apply for donations to finance the coming elections. By 2014, Zimbabwe had recovered to levels seen in the 1990s but growth faltered between 2012 and 2016. Inflation was 42% in 2018; in June 2019, the inflation rate reached 175%, leading to mass unrest across the country.
1345:" before his suggestion, "Zimbabwe", prevailed. It was initially unclear how the chosen term was to be usedβa letter written by Mawema in 1961 refers to "Zimbabweland" β but "Zimbabwe" was sufficiently established by 1962 to become the generally preferred term of the black nationalist movement. Like those of many African countries that
1437:, and by other smaller sites. The main archaeological site used a unique dry stone architecture. The Kingdom of Mapungubwe was the first in a series of trading states which had developed in Zimbabwe by the time the first European explorers arrived from Portugal. These states traded gold, ivory, and copper for cloth and glass.
5099:
is now once again diverse, having come under tight restriction between 2002 and 2008 by the government during the economic and political crisis. The
Zimbabwean constitution promises freedom of the media and expression. Since the appointment of a new media and information minister in 2013 the media is
3606:
and wooded valleys commencing some 35 km (22 mi) south of Bulawayo in southern Zimbabwe. The hills were formed over two billion years ago with granite being forced to the surface, then being eroded to produce smooth "whaleback dwalas" and broken kopjes, strewn with boulders and interspersed
3520:
in 2000, tourism in Zimbabwe has steadily declined. In 2018, tourism peaked with 2.6 million tourists. In 2016, the total contribution of tourism to Zimbabwe was $ 1.1 billion (USD), or about 8.1% of Zimbabwe's GDP. Employment in travel and tourism, as well as the industries indirectly supported
4272:
Zimbabwe suffered occasional outbreaks of acute diseases. The gains on the national health were eroded by structural adjustment in the 1990s, the impact of the HIV/AIDS pandemic and the economic crisis since 2000. In 2006, Zimbabwe had one of the lowest life expectancies in the world according to UN
3652:
Zimbabwe has relatively well-developed national infrastructure and a long-standing tradition of promoting research and development, as evidenced by the levy imposed on tobacco-growers since the 1930s to promote market research. The country has a well-developed education system, with one in 11 adults
3629:
in 2012, 80% of Zimbabweans had access to improved (i.e. clean) drinking water sources, and only 40% of Zimbabweans had access to improved sanitation facilities. Access to improved water supply and sanitation is noticeably limited in rural areas. There are many factors that continue to determine the
3343:
Zimbabwe maintained positive economic growth throughout the 1980s (5% GDP growth per year) and 1990s (4.3% GDP growth per year). The economy declined from 2000: 5% decline in 2000, 8% in 2001, 12% in 2002 and 18% in 2003. Zimbabwe's involvement from 1998 to 2002 in the war in the Democratic Republic
4471:
is sung. The flame of independence is lit by the president after parades by the presidential family and members of the armed forces of Zimbabwe. The president also gives a speech to the people of Zimbabwe which is televised for those unable to attend the stadium. Zimbabwe also has a national beauty
4418:
Women in Zimbabwe are disadvantaged in many facets including economic, political, and social spheres, and experience sex and gender based violence. A 2014 UN report found that deep rooted cultural issues, patriarchal attitudes, and religious practices negatively impacted women's rights and freedoms
3547:
Zimbabwe has several major tourist attractions. Victoria Falls on the Zambezi, which are shared with Zambia, are located in the north-west of Zimbabwe. Victoria Falls is considered to be the largest waterfall in the world. Before the economic changes, much of the tourism for these locations came to
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described the Zimbabwean economy as "completing its second year of buoyant economic growth". The pan-African investment bank IMARA released a favourable report in February 2011 on investment prospects in Zimbabwe, citing an improved revenue base and higher tax receipts. In January 2013, the finance
3218:
After some years, the EU and Zimbabwe resolved some of their disputes and a lot of the EU sanctions were removed. Only Mugabe and his wife remained on the list while other government officials were removed. However, the EU still did not give Zimbabwe money. So, the government channels money through
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which was opposed to contesting the elections, stating that participation in a rigged election is tantamount to endorsing Mugabe's claim that past elections were free and fair. The two MDC camps had their congresses in 2006 with Tsvangirai being elected to lead MDC-T, which became more popular than
2194:
as "stolen". The Movement for Democratic Change alleged massive fraud and tried to seek relief through the courts. In a surprising moment of candour at the ZANUβPF congress in December 2014, President Robert Mugabe accidentally let slip that the opposition had in fact won the contentious 2008 polls
1727:
restricted black land ownership to certain segments of the country, setting aside large areas solely for the purchase of the white minority. This act, which led to rapidly rising inequality, became the subject of frequent calls for subsequent land reform. In 1953, in the face of African opposition,
4292:
At the end of November 2008, some operations at three of Zimbabwe's four major referral hospitals had shut down, along with the Zimbabwe Medical School, and the fourth major hospital had two wards and no operating theatres working. Those hospitals still open were not able to obtain basic drugs and
3685:
In 2014, Zimbabwe counted 21 publications per million inhabitants in internationally cataloged journals, according to Thomson Reuters' Web of Science (Science Citation Index Expanded). This placed Zimbabwe sixth out of the 15 SADC countries, behind Namibia (59), Mauritius (71), Botswana (103) and,
3676:
was launched in June 2012, after being elaborated with UNESCO assistance. It replaces the earlier policy dating from 2002. The 2012 policy prioritizes biotechnology, information and communication technologies (ICTs), space sciences, nanotechnology, indigenous knowledge systems, technologies yet to
3474:
Zimbabwe's commercial farming sector was traditionally a source of exports and foreign exchange and provided 400,000 jobs. However, the government's land reform program badly damaged the sector, turning Zimbabwe into a net importer of food products. For example, between 2000 and 2016, annual wheat
4349:
Zimbabwe's education system consists of two years of pre-school, seven years of primary and six years of secondary schooling before students can enter university in the country or abroad. The academic year in Zimbabwe runs from January to December, with three terms, separated by one-month breaks,
3749:
According to the 2012 census report, 99.7% of the population is of African origin. The majority people, the Shona, comprise 82%, while Ndebele make up 14% of the population. The Ndebele descended from Zulu migrations in the 19th century and the other tribes with which they intermarried. Up to one
3660:
To achieve its growth potential, Zimbabwe will need to correct several structural weaknesses. For instance, it lacks the critical mass of researchers needed to trigger innovation. Although the infrastructure is in place to harness research and development to Zimbabwe's socio-economic development,
2859:
structure overlaid on the existing Rhodesian armed forces. For the first year, a system was followed where the top-performing candidate became battalion commander. If he or she was from ZANLA, then his or her second-in-command was the top-performing ZIPRA candidate, and vice versa. This ensured a
4277:
rose from 6% in the late 1990s to 12.3% by 2004. Official fertility rates over the last decade were 3.6 (2002), 3.8 (2006) and 3.8 (2012). The 2014 maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births for Zimbabwe was 614 compared to 960 in 2010β11 and 232 in 1990. The under five mortality rate, per 1,000
3187:
The names of most of the provinces were generated from the Mashonaland and Matabeleland divide at the time of colonisation: Mashonaland was the territory occupied first by the British South Africa Company Pioneer Column and Matabeleland the territory conquered during the First Matabele War. This
2750:
In mid-September 2008, after protracted negotiations overseen by the leaders of South Africa and Mozambique, Mugabe and Tsvangirai signed a power-sharing deal in which Mugabe retained control over the army. Donor nations adopted a 'wait-and-see' attitude, wanting to see real change being brought
4268:
At independence, the policies of racial inequality were reflected in the disease patterns of the black majority. The first five years after independence saw rapid gains in areas such as immunisation coverage, access to health care, and contraceptive prevalence rate. Zimbabwe was thus considered
3813:
and Dutch communities. The white population dropped from a peak of around 278,000, or 4.3% of the population, in 1975. The 2012 census lists the total white population at 28,782 (roughly 0.22% of the population), one-twentieth of its peak. Most emigration has been to the United Kingdom (between
3202:
At the ward level there is a Ward Development Committee, comprising the elected ward councillor, the kraalheads (traditional leaders subordinate to chiefs) and representatives of Village Development Committees. Wards are subdivided into villages, each of which has an elected Village Development
2143:
was reached between Tsvangirai and President Mugabe, permitting the former to hold the office of prime minister. Due to ministerial differences between their respective political parties, the agreement was not fully implemented until 13 February 2009. By December 2010, Mugabe was threatening to
2076:
During the 1990s, students, trade unionists, and other workers often demonstrated to express their growing discontent with Mugabe and ZANUβPF party policies. In 1996, civil servants, nurses, and junior doctors went on strike over salary issues. The general health of the population also began to
6453:
er head of (white) population Rhodesia had contributed more in both world wars than any other part of the empire, including the United Kingdom. ... There is little doubt now that after a few resignations here and there, the army, the Royal Navy and even the Royal Air Force (supposedly the most
4387:
is the second largest public research university in Zimbabwe located in Bulawayo. It was established in 1991. The National University of Science and Technology strives to become a flourishing and reputable institution not only in Zimbabwe and in Southern Africa but also among the international
3486:
techniques, a sustainable method of farming that can help increase yields. By applying the three principles of minimum soil disturbance, legume-based cropping and the use of organic mulch, farmers can improve infiltration, reduce evaporation and soil erosion, and build up organic soil content.
2994:
crisis as a pretext to suppress freedom of expression and peaceful assembly on the streets. OHCHR spokesperson Liz Throssell stated that people have a right to protest corruption or anything else. The authorities in Zimbabwe used force to disperse and arrest nurses and health workers, who were
2261:
In December 2017 the website Zimbabwe News, calculating the cost of the Mugabe era using various statistics, said that at the time of independence in 1980, the country was growing economically at about five per cent a year, and had done so for quite a long time. If this rate of growth had been
4345:
The wealthier portion of the population usually send their children to independent schools as opposed to the government-run schools which are attended by the majority as these are subsidised by the government. School education was made free in 1980, but since 1988, the government has steadily
3487:
Between 2005 and 2011, the number of smallholders practicing conservation agriculture in Zimbabwe increased from 5,000 to more than 150,000. Cereal yields rose between 15 and 100 per cent across different regions. The government declared potato a national strategic food security crop in 2012.
3331:
Since January 2002, the government has had its lines of credit at international financial institutions frozen, through U.S. legislation called the Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act of 2001 (ZDERA). Section 4C instructs the secretary of the treasury to direct international financial
2929:. In 2009, Gregory Stanton, president of the International Association of Genocide Scholars, stated there was "clear evidence that Mugabe government was guilty of crimes against humanity and that there was sufficient evidence of crimes against humanity to bring Mugabe to trial in front of the
4308:
In August 2008 large areas of Zimbabwe were struck by the ongoing cholera epidemic. By December 2008 more than 10,000 people had been infected in all but one of Zimbabwe's provinces, and the outbreak had spread to Botswana, Mozambique, South Africa and Zambia. On 4 December 2008 the Zimbabwe
2084:
programme, a policy involving compulsory land acquisition aimed at redistributing land from the minority white population to the majority black population. Confiscations of white farmland, continuous droughts, and a serious drop in external finance and other support led to a sharp decline in
3681:
also asserts the government's commitment to allocating at least 1% of GDP to research and development, focusing at least 60% of university education on developing skills in science and technology and ensuring that school pupils devote at least 30% of their time to studying science subjects.
3630:
nature of water supply and sanitation in Zimbabwe for the foreseeable future; three major factors are the severely depressed state of the Zimbabwean economy, the reluctance of foreign aid organisations to build and finance infrastructure projects, and the political instability of the state.
2112:", an effort to crack down on illegal markets and slums emerging in towns and cities, leaving a substantial section of urban poor homeless. The Zimbabwean government has described the operation as an attempt to provide decent housing to the population, although according to critics such as
2064:
campaign ranged from 3,750 to 80,000. Thousands of others were tortured in military internment camps. The campaign officially ended in 1987 after Nkomo and Mugabe reached a unity agreement that merged their respective parties, creating the Zimbabwe African National Union β Patriotic Front
6382:
Southern Rhodesia (Annexation) Order in Council, 30 July 1923 which provided by section 3 thereof: "From and after the coming into operation of this Order the said territories shall be annexed to and form part of His Majesty's Dominions, and shall be known as the Colony of Southern
4816:
As Zimbabwe was a British colony, some people there have adopted some colonial-era English eating habits. For example, most people will have porridge in the morning, as well as 10 o'clock tea (midday tea). They will have lunch, often leftovers from the night before, freshly cooked
3247:. The Targeted Sanctions Program was implemented in 2003, which lists Zimbabwean companies and people who are not allowed to deal with U.S. companies. The sanctions on Zimbabwe have been in place for more than two decades. In March 2021, the U.S. renewed its sanctions on Zimbabwe.
2207:(ISS) concluded that due to the deterioration of government and the economy "the government encourages corruption to make up for its inability to fund its own institutions" with widespread and informal police roadblocks to issue fines to travellers being one manifestation of this.
3002:
drew attention of international celebrities and politicians towards human rights abuses in the country, mounting pressure on Emmerson Mnangagwa's government. The campaign was in response to arrests, abductions and torture of political activists and the incarceration of journalist
1334:(1979). The first recorded use of "Zimbabwe" as a term of national reference dates from 1960 as a coinage by the black nationalist Michael Mawema, whose Zimbabwe National Party became the first to officially use the name in 1961. The term "Rhodesia"βderived from the surname of
2960:, the European Union, and the United States. There are also concerns over Fox Southwest media rights and access. The Zimbabwean government is accused of suppressing freedom of the press and freedom of speech. It has been repeatedly accused of using the public broadcaster, the
4739:
is made by mixing the cornmeal with water to produce a thick paste/porridge. After the paste has been cooking for several minutes, more cornmeal is added to thicken the paste. This is usually eaten as lunch or dinner, usually with sides such as gravy, vegetables (spinach,
5576:
2761:
The status of Zimbabwe politics has been thrown into question by a coup taking place in November 2017, ending Mugabe's 30-year presidential incumbency. Emmerson Mnangagwa was appointed president following this coup and was officially elected with 50.8% of the vote in the
4542:
Shona sculpture has survived through the ages, and the modern style is a fusion of African folklore with European influences. World-renowned Zimbabwean sculptors include Nicholas Nesbert and Anderson Mukomberanwa, Tapfuma Gutsa, Henry Munyaradzi and Locardia Ndandarika.
4293:
medicines. The situation changed drastically after the Unity Government and the introduction of the multi-currency system in February 2009 although the political and economic crisis also contributed to the emigration of the doctors and people with medical knowledge.
2226:. On 19 November 2017, ZANUβPF sacked Robert Mugabe as party leader and appointed former Vice-president Emmerson Mnangagwa in his place. On 21 November 2017, Mugabe tendered his resignation prior to impeachment proceedings being completed. Although under the
1682:) against company rule during 1896 and 1897. Following these failed insurrections, the Rhodes administration subdued the Ndebele and Shona groups and organised the land with a disproportionate bias favouring Europeans, thus displacing many indigenous peoples.
5218:
are geological formations all over Zimbabwe. The rocks are perfectly balanced without other supports. They are created when ancient granite intrusions are exposed to weathering, as softer rocks surrounding them erode away. They have been depicted on both the
3607:
with thickets of vegetation. Mzilikazi, founder of the Ndebele nation, gave the area its name, meaning 'Bald Heads'. They have become a tourist attraction because of their ancient shapes and local wildlife. Cecil Rhodes and other early white colonists like
2687:
During the 1995 parliamentary elections, most opposition parties, including the ZUM, boycotted the voting, resulting in a near sweep by the ruling party. When the opposition returned to the polls in 2000, they won 57 seats, only five fewer than ZANU-PF.
2948:
against both homosexual men and women. President Mugabe has blamed gays for many of Zimbabwe's problems and viewed homosexuality as an "un-African" and immoral culture brought by European colonists and practised by only "a few whites" in his country.
997:
3429:, Zimplats, and Impala Platinum. Zimplats, the nation's largest platinum company, has proceeded with US$ 500 million in expansions, and is also continuing a separate US$ 2 billion project, despite threats by Mugabe to nationalise the company.
2085:
agricultural exports, which were traditionally the country's leading export-producing sector. Some 58,000 independent black farmers have since experienced limited success in reviving the gutted cash crop sectors through efforts on a smaller scale.
1854:
against Rhodesia pending unsuccessful talks with Smith's administration in 1966 and 1968. In December 1966, the organisation complied, imposing the first mandatory trade embargo on an autonomous state. These sanctions were expanded again in 1968.
1696:
The United Kingdom annexed Southern Rhodesia on 12 September 1923. Shortly after annexation, on 1 October 1923, the first constitution for the new Colony of Southern Rhodesia came into force. Under the new constitution, Southern Rhodesia became a
1460:
as well as "Munhumutapa", and was renowned for its strategic trade routes with the Arabs and Portugal. The Portuguese sought to monopolise this influence and began a series of wars which left the empire in near collapse in the early 17th century.
4186:
Christianity, while 8% are Roman Catholic. Pentecostal-charismatic forms of Christianity, in particular, have grown rapidly in recent years and are playing a prominent role in public, social and political life. The largest Christian churches are
1636:, then known as "Zambesia". In accordance with the terms of aforementioned concessions and treaties, mass settlement was encouraged, with the British maintaining control over labour as well as over precious metals and other mineral resources.
4134:, Shangaan, Kalanga, Sotho, Ndau and Nambya. Less than 2.5%, mainly the white and "coloured" (mixed race) minorities, consider English their native language. Shona has a rich oral tradition, which was incorporated into the first Shona novel,
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institutions to veto the extension of loans and credit to the Zimbabwean government. According to the United States, these sanctions target only seven specific businesses owned or controlled by government officials and not ordinary citizens.
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from lending money to Zimbabwe. A new ZIDERA came into effect in 2018 with the motto that, Restore Democracy or there won't be any friendship, there must be free elections, free media and human rights, Zimbabwe must enforce the ruling of the
2952:
Opposition gatherings are frequently the subject of reprisals by the police force, such as the crackdown on an 11 March 2007 MDC rally and several others during the 2008 election campaign. Police actions have been strongly condemned by the
2602:
and use for fuel are major concerns and have led to erosion which diminishes the amount of fertile soil. Local farmers have been criticised by environmentalists for burning off vegetation to heat their tobacco barns. The country had a 2019
11707:
4426:, an African philosophy's spiritual aspect, instills the belief that boys should be more valued than girls as boys pass on lineage, and the belief system places high value in respecting one's ancestors. A common expression used in court, "
2103:
By 2003, the country's economy had collapsed. It is estimated that up to a quarter of Zimbabwe's 11 million people had fled the country. Three-quarters of the remaining Zimbabweans were living on less than one U.S. dollar a day. Following
1655:
for the territory, in honour of Rhodes. In 1898 "Southern Rhodesia" became the official name for the region south of the Zambezi, which later adopted the name "Zimbabwe". The region to the north, administered separately, was later termed
2912:
There are widespread reports of systematic and escalating violations of human rights in Zimbabwe under the Mugabe administration and the dominant ZANUβPF party. According to human rights organisations such as Amnesty International and
2365:. Most of the country is elevated, consisting of a central plateau (high veld) stretching from the southwest northwards with altitudes between 1,000 and 1,600 m. The country's extreme east is mountainous, this area being known as the
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were assigned to the 1st, 3rd and 4th Brigades. The Fifth Brigade was formed in 1981 and disbanded in 1988 after the demonstration of mass brutality and murder during the brigade's occupation of Matabeleland in what became known as
10919:
3401:
After the formation of the Unity Government and the adoption of several currencies instead of the Zimbabwe dollar in 2009, the Zimbabwean economy rebounded. GDP grew by 8β9% per year between 2009 and 2012. In November 2010, the
1420:
valley in the 9th century before moving on to the Zimbabwean highlands. The Zimbabwean plateau became the centre of subsequent Shona states, beginning around the 10th century. Around the early 10th century, trade developed with
4118:
Zimbabwe has 16 official languages and under the constitution, an Act of Parliament may prescribe other languages as officially recognised languages. English is the main language used in the education and judicial systems. The
6392:
Stella Madzibamuto v Desmond William Larder β Burke, Fredrick Phillip George (1969) A.C 645 β Authority for date of annexation having been 12 September 1923, being the date the Rhodesia (Annexation) Order in Council came into
2995:
peacefully protesting for better salaries and work conditions. The reports suggest that a few members of opposition party and investigative journalists were also arbitrarily arrested and detained for taking part in a protest.
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generally runs from late October to March, and the hot climate is moderated by increasing altitude. Zimbabwe is faced with recurring droughts. In 2019, at least 55 elephants died because of drought. Severe storms are rare.
127:
13953:, 286 pages. Scholarly essays on displacement as a result of Zimbabwe's continuing crisis, with a focus on diasporic communities in Britain and South Africa; also explores such topics as the revival of Rhodesian discourse.
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were banned from filming or reporting from Zimbabwe. In 2009 reporting restrictions on the BBC and CNN were lifted. Sky News continues to report on happenings within Zimbabwe from neighbouring countries like South Africa.
2257:
contested the election results claiming voter fraud, and subsequently filed a petition to the Constitution Court of Zimbabwe. The court confirmed Mnangagwa's victory, making him the newly elected president after Mugabe.
2060:, a North Korean-trained elite unit that reported directly to Mugabe, entered Matabeleland and massacred thousands of civilians accused of supporting "dissidents". Estimates for the number of deaths during the five-year
4828:(French fries and mashed potato) also make up part of Zimbabwean cuisine. A local favourite is rice cooked with peanut butter, which is taken with thick gravy, mixed vegetables and meat. A potpourri of peanuts known as
1970:, the new governor on 12 December 1979, Britain formally took control of Zimbabwe Rhodesia as the Colony of Southern Rhodesia. Britain lifted sanctions on 12 December and the United Nations on 16 December. During the
4145:
There is a large community of Portuguese speakers in Zimbabwe, mainly in the border areas with Mozambique and in major cities. Beginning in 2017, teaching Portuguese was included in secondary education of Zimbabwe.
1932:(UANC) carrying a majority of parliamentary seats. On 1 June 1979, Muzorewa, the UANC head, became prime minister and the country's name was changed to Zimbabwe Rhodesia. The Internal Settlement left control of the
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2758:. A representative of the organisation declined to speculate on how the money was spent, except that it was not for the intended purpose, and the government has failed to honour requests to return the money.
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Scientific publication trends in the most productive SADC countries, 2005β2014. Source: UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 (2015), data from Thomson Reuters' Web of Science, Science Citation Index Expanded.
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is also a very popular sport in Zimbabwe. It used to have a following mostly among the white minority, but it has recently grown to become a widely popular sport among most Zimbabweans. It is one of twelve
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Expanding from a population of 2,746,396 in 1950, Zimbabwe's population has rapidly increased. Based on the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects, the population of Zimbabwe was estimated by the
3051:
and is divided into eight provinces and two cities with provincial status, for administrative purposes. Each province has a provincial capital from where government administration is usually carried out.
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about by this merger before committing themselves to funding rebuilding efforts, which were estimated to take at least five years. On 11 February 2009 Tsvangirai was sworn in as prime minister by Mugabe.
8084:"Zim ConCourt dismisses MDC's challenge, confirms Mnangagwa winner β SABC News β Breaking news, special reports, world, business, sport coverage of all South African current events. Africa's news leader"
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with many local variations. The southern areas are known for their heat and aridity, while parts of the central plateau receive frost in winter. The Zambezi valley is known for its extreme heat, and the
3544:, which operated flights throughout Africa and a few destinations in Europe and Asia, ceased operations in February 2012. As of 2017, several major commercial airlines had resumed flights to Zimbabwe.
3230:(ZIDERA) and the second one is the Targeted Sanctions Program. ZIDERA made several demands, the first one was that Zimbabwe must respect human rights, second Zimbabwe must stop its interference in the
5103:
In 2010 the Zimbabwe Media Commission was established by the inclusive, power-sharing government. In May 2010 the commission licensed three privately owned newspapers, including the previously banned
3211:
Since the early 2000s, Zimbabwe has been under sanctions imposed by the United States and the European Union that have shaped Zimbabwe's domestic politics as well as the country's relations with the
4821:, or sandwiches (which is more common in the cities). After lunch, there is usually 4 o'clock tea (afternoon tea), which is served before dinner. It is not uncommon for tea to be had after dinner.
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above all, South Africa (175) and the Seychelles (364). The average for sub-Saharan Africa was 20 scientific publications per million inhabitants, compared to a global average of 176 per million.
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Southern Rhodesia Order in Council of 20 October 1898, which includes at section 4 thereof: "The territory for the time being within the limits of this Order shall be known as Southern Rhodesia."
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After losing their remaining South African lands in 1840, Mzilikazi and his tribe permanently settled in the southwest of present-day Zimbabwe in what became known as Matabeleland, establishing
10805:
3625:
There are many successful small-scale water supply and sanitation programs, but there is an overall lack of improved water and sanitation systems for the majority of Zimbabwe. According to the
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that the two MDC formations were co-operating, enabling the MDC to have a clear parliamentary majority. Tsvangirai said that Mugabe could not remain president without a parliamentary majority.
125:
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have achieved international recognition. Among members of the white minority community, Theatre has a large following, with numerous theatrical companies performing in Zimbabwe's urban areas.
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and the prime ministerial posts to form an executive presidentβa presidential system. His ZANU-PF party has won every election since independenceβin the 1990 election the second-placed party,
1708:. Rhodesians of all races served on behalf of the United Kingdom during the two World Wars in the early-20th century. Proportional to the white population, Southern Rhodesia contributed more
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in December) and various basic affairs. During this period, NGOs took over from government as a primary provider of food during this period of food insecurity in Zimbabwe. A 2011 survey by
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Large investments in education since independence has resulted in the highest adult literacy rate in Africa which in 2013 was 90.70%. This is lower than the 92% recorded in 2010 by the
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in Harare. The first independence celebrations were held in 1980 at the Zimbabwe Grounds. At these celebrations, doves are released to symbolise peace, fighter jets fly over, and the
1468:. Relying on centuries of military, political and religious development, the Rozwi (meaning "destroyers") expelled the Portuguese from the Zimbabwean plateau in 1683. Around 1821 the
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Notable Zimbabwean artists include Henry Mudzengerere and Nicolas Mukomberanwa. A recurring theme in Zimbabwean art is the metamorphosis of man into beast. Zimbabwean musicians like
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2867:, composed of a total of 28 battalions. The brigade support units were composed almost entirely of specialists of the former Rhodesian Army, while unintegrated battalions of the
2704:, calling for investigations into 32 of the 120 constituencies. Moyo participated in the elections despite the allegations and won a seat as an independent member of Parliament.
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following the end of white minority rule and has remained the country's dominant party since. He was the President of Zimbabwe from 1987, after converting the country's initial
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Scientific research output in terms of publications in Southern Africa, cumulative totals by field, 2008β2014. Source: UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030 (2015), figure 20.6.
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Inflation rose from an annual rate of 32% in 1998, to an estimated high of 11,200,000% in August 2008 according to the Central Statistical Office. This represented a state of
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1894:, but this went unrecognised internationally. Meanwhile, Rhodesia's internal conflict intensified, eventually forcing him to open negotiations with the militant communists.
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The United Kingdom deemed the Rhodesian declaration an act of rebellion but did not re-establish control by force. The British government petitioned the United Nations for
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world champion in Osaka, Japan in 2009. Muripo is a two-time World Kyokushi Karate Champion and was the first black African to become the World Kyokushin Karate Champion.
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reported a decline in HIV prevalence among pregnant women from 26% in 2002 to 21% in 2004. By 2016 HIV/AIDS prevalence had been reduced to 13.5% compared to 40% in 1998.
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holding a tertiary degree. Given the country's solid knowledge base and abundant natural resources, Zimbabwe has great growth potential. Zimbabwe was ranked 117th in the
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The government has received negative comments among its citizens for always shutting down the internet in the past amid protests such as the one planned on 31 July 2020.
1338:, the primary instigator of British colonisation of the territoryβwas perceived by African nationalists as inappropriate because of its colonial origin and connotations.
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Graduations, weddings, and any other family gatherings will usually be celebrated with the killing of a goat or cow, which will be barbecued or roasted by the family.
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and Arthur Mutambara. Many of the politicians in the government of Zimbabwe have obtained degrees from universities in the United States or other universities abroad.
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Archaeological records date archaic human settlement of present-day Zimbabwe to at least 500,000 years ago. Zimbabwe's earliest known inhabitants were most likely the
8135:
3366:. In an effort to combat inflation and foster economic growth, the Zimbabwean dollar was suspended indefinitely in April 2009. In 2016, Zimbabwe allowed trade in the
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births was 75 in 2014 (94 in 2009). The number of midwives per 1,000 live births was unavailable in 2016 and the lifetime risk of death for pregnant women 1 in 42.
4142:, published in 1956. English is primarily spoken in the cities but less so in rural areas. Radio and television news are broadcast in Shona, Sindebele and English.
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By 2005, the purchasing power of the average Zimbabwean had dropped to the same levels in real terms as 1953. In 2005, the government, led by central bank governor
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is renowned in Zimbabwe for writing traditional stories in English and in Shona, and his poems and books have sold well with both the black and white communities.
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stated in its 2012β2013 planning document that the "humanitarian situation has improved in Zimbabwe since 2009, but conditions remain precarious for many people".
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Waddy, Nicholas (2014). "The Strange Death of 'Zimbabwe-Rhodesia': The Question of British Recognition of the Muzorewa Regime in Rhodesian Public Opinion, 1979".
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1409:, who left behind a legacy of arrowheads and cave paintings. Approximately 2,000 years ago, the first Bantu-speaking farmers arrived during the Bantu expansion.
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President Mugabe and the ZANUβPF party leadership found themselves beset by a wide range of international sanctions. In 2002, the nation was suspended from the
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Davies, R. and Sanders, D. (1998). "Adjustment policies and the welfare of children: Zimbabwe, 1980β1985". In: Cornia, G.A., Jolly, R. and Stewart, F. (eds.)
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2579:. There are around 350 species of mammals that can be found in Zimbabwe. There are also many snakes and lizards, over 500 bird species, and 131 fish species.
2500:, although the moist and mountainous Eastern Highlands support areas of tropical evergreen and hardwood forests. Trees found in the Eastern Highlands include
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are the principal indigenous languages of Zimbabwe. Shona is spoken by 78% of the population, Ndebele by 20%. Other minority Bantu languages include Venda,
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1542:, similar to those of Shaka, which was stable enough to repel further Boer incursions. Mzilikazi died in 1868; following a violent power struggle, his son
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in the 11th century. This was the precursor to the Shona civilisations that dominated the region during the 13th to 15th centuries, evidenced by ruins at
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3358:, and the central bank introduced a new 100 trillion dollar note. In January 2009, in an effort to counteract runaway inflation, acting Finance Minister
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sector has been growing at a fast pace. A report by the mobile internet browser company Opera in 2011 ranked Zimbabwe as Africa's fastest growing market.
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According to Mawema, black nationalists held a meeting in 1960 to choose an alternative name for the country, proposing names such as "Matshobana" and "
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ruled much of the area of present-day Zimbabwe, plus parts of central Mozambique. It is known by many names including the Mutapa Empire, also known as
13487:"South Africa's Marinos appointed new SANZAR CEO β Super Rugby β Super 18 Rugby and Rugby Championship News, Results and Fixtures from Super XV Rugby"
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Zimbabwe has many different cultures, with Shona beliefs and ceremonies being prominent. The Shona people have many types of sculptures and carvings.
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disaffected service) would have carried out any orders to subdue the first national treason against the Crown since the American War of Independence.
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1365:. The constitution acknowledges 16 languages, but only embraces two of them nationally, Shona and English. Shona is taught widely in schools, unlike
537:
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figureβ44 for men and 43 for women, down from 60 in 1990, but recovered to 60 in 2015. The rapid drop was ascribed mainly to the HIV/AIDS pandemic.
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Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under the
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There are seven public (government) universities as well as four church-related universities in Zimbabwe that are internationally accredited. The
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Opposition to what was perceived as a Shona takeover immediately erupted around Matabeleland. The Matabele unrest led to what has become known as
1951:, Zambia, from 1 to 7 August in 1979, the British government invited Muzorewa, Mugabe, and Nkomo to participate in a constitutional conference at
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1920:, who offered to leave the white population comfortably entrenched in exchange for the establishment of a biracial democracy. As a result of the
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is in these mountains, and it is from here that places as far away as 60β70 km (37β43 mi) are visible and, on clear days, the town of
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rejected by the opposition and questioned by observers. In September 2023, Zimbabwe signed control over almost 20% of the country's land to the
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2841:, was promoted and appointed Commander of the Zimbabwe Defence Forces. Lieutenant General P. V. Sibanda replaced him as Commander of the Army.
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1117:; the city-state became one of the major African trade centres by the 11th century but was abandoned by the mid 15th century. From there, the
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12741:"The persistence of gender inequality in Zimbabwe: factors that impede the advancement of women into leadership positions in primary schools"
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5123:'s monopoly in the broadcasting sector was ended with the licensing of two private radio stations in 2012. The main published newspapers are
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New names for 32 places were gazetted on 18 April 1982 and by February 1984, there had been 42 changes, which included three rivers (Umniati/
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Howard-Hassmann, Rhoda E. (24 November 2010). "Mugabe's Zimbabwe, 2000β2009: Massive Human Rights Violations and the Failure to Protect".
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6672:"Letter by George M. Houser, Executive Director of the American Committee on Africa (ACOA), on the 1980 independence election in Rhodesia"
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The main foreign exports of Zimbabwe are minerals, gold, and agriculture. Zimbabwe is crossed by two trans-African automobile routes: the
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9891:, many opportunities lie in resource-based activities such as mining, agriculture and tourism and their downstream industrial activities.
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and general dissent, particularly in Nyasaland, persuaded Britain to dissolve the union in 1963, forming three separate divisions. While
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2096:. The following year, Zimbabwean officials voluntarily terminated its Commonwealth membership. In 2001, the United States enacted the
1978:, as the representative of Britain, formally granted independence to the new nation of Zimbabwe at a ceremony in Harare in April 1980.
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Machingaidze, Victor E.M. (1991). "Agrarian Change from above: The Southern Rhodesia Native Land Husbandry Act and African Response".
4210:, which predates colonialism, has become relatively marginal but continues to be an important part of the Zimbabwean religious field.
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1279:) in the country's south-east. Two different theories address the origin of the word. Many sources hold that "Zimbabwe" derives from
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Chipika, J; Kowero, G. (2000). "Deforestation of woodlands in communal areas of Zimbabwe: is it due to agricultural policies?".
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2400:, one of the world's largest and most spectacular waterfalls, is located in the country's extreme northwest and is part of the
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On 11 December 1979, the Rhodesian House of Assembly voted 90 to nil to revert to British colonial status. With the arrival of
1805:(UDI) from the United Kingdom on 11 November 1965. This marked the first such course taken by a rebel British colony since the
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and the Rhodesian dollar banknotes. The ones found on the current notes of Zimbabwe, named the Banknote Rocks, are located in
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is a thinner porridge, cooked without the additional cornmeal and usually flavoured with peanut butter, milk, butter, or jam.
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is the most practised non-Christian religion, involving spiritual intercession; central to many ceremonial proceedings is the
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and the bloc headed by the People's Republic of China. Smith declared Rhodesia a republic in 1970, following the results of a
1632:. Rhodes additionally sought permission to negotiate similar concessions covering all territory between the Limpopo River and
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commandos. By 1838 the Ndebele had conquered the Rozwi Empire, along with the other smaller Shona states, and reduced them to
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In late 2008, problems in Zimbabwe reached crisis proportions in the areas of living standards, public health (with a major
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In 2006 an association of doctors in Zimbabwe made calls for Mugabe to make moves to assist the ailing health service. The
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12630:"Effective law and policy on gender equality and protection from sexual and gender-based violence in disasters β Zimbabwe"
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5030:. However, most of these sports do not have international representatives but instead stay at a junior or national level.
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The United States also imposed sanctions on Zimbabwe. There are two types of U.S. sanctions on Zimbabwe. The first one is
2876:. The brigade had been re-formed by 2006, with its commander, Brigadier General John Mupande praising its "rich history".
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9257:"State Sponsored Homophobia 2016: A world survey of sexual orientation laws: criminalisation, protection and recognition"
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million Ndebele may have left the country over the last five years, mainly for South Africa. Other ethnic groups include
3234:, third Zimbabwe must stop the expropriation of white farms. If none of these demands were met, the U.S. would block the
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Like in many African countries, the majority of Zimbabweans depend on a few staple foods. "Mealie meal", also known as
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with a total of 40 weeks of school per year. National examinations are written during the third term in November, with
3797:, who make up less than 1% of the total population. White Zimbabweans are mostly of British origin, but there are also
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The Eastern Highlands are a series of mountainous areas near the border with Mozambique. The highest peak in Zimbabwe,
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was finally introduced to Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Southern Rhodesians of European ancestry continued to enjoy
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Baughan, M. (2005). Continent in the Balance: Zimbabwe-Juvenile literature. Philadelphia, PA: Mason Crest Publishers;
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Changing Perceptions in Zimbabwe β Nationwide Survey of the Political Climate in Zimbabwe November 2010 β January 2011
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7367:"Text of S. 494 (107th): Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act of 2001 (Passed Congress/Enrolled Bill version)"
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Collective Responses to Illegal Acts in International Law: United Nations Action in the Question of Southern Rhodesia
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5172:. News agencies and newspapers from other Western countries and South Africa have also been banned from the country.
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4182:. An estimated 62% of the population attend religious services regularly. Approximately 69% of Zimbabweans belong to
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and the 97.0% recorded in the 2002 census, while still substantially higher than 80.4% recorded in the 1992 census.
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David Coltart. The struggle continues: 50 Years of Tyranny in Zimbabwe. Jacana Media (Pty) Ltd: South Africa, 2016.
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Do "Zimbabweans" Exist? Trajectories of Nationalism, National Identity Formation and Crisis in a Postcolonial State
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Even though the Afrikaners are a small group (10%) within the white minority group, Afrikaner recipes are popular.
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11483:"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100"
10936:"Agronomic and environmental studies of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and analysis of its value chain in Zimbabwe"
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Women are often seen as inferior, treated as objects, and viewed in subordinate roles in history and philosophy.
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4244:
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Zimbabwe is unusual in Africa in that there are a number of ancient and medieval ruined cities built in a unique
3362:
announced that Zimbabweans would be permitted to use other, more stable currencies to do business, alongside the
2833:, who retired in 1982 and was replaced by Air Marshal Azim Daudpota who handed over command to Air Chief Marshal
1929:
1925:
1867:
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of the Ndebele peoples. He presented this concession to persuade the government of the United Kingdom to grant a
1319:, which means "venerated houses" in the Zezuru dialect of Shona and usually references chiefs' houses or graves.
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2848:(includes Police Support Unit, Paramilitary Police) is part of the Zimbabwe Defence Forces and numbers 25,000.
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completely expropriate remaining privately owned companies in Zimbabwe unless "western sanctions" were lifted.
2135:. The results of this election were withheld for two weeks, after which it was generally acknowledged that the
1991:
1724:
705:
13752:
Sinclair, Paul (2001). "Review: The Soapstone Birds of Great Zimbabwe Symbols of a Nation by Edward Matenga".
11249:
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Zimbabwe, May 1980/Joint Committee on Foreign Affairs and Defence, Canberra: Government Printer, 1980. p. 122.
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eclipsed Mapungubwe. This Shona state further refined and expanded upon Mapungubwe's stone architecture. From
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17860:. After recognised independence in 1980, Zimbabwe was a member of the Commonwealth until it withdrew in 2003.
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A case study of Non-Governmental Organisations' (NGOS) responses to food insecurity in Matabeleland, Zimbabwe
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were held on 31 March, and multiple claims of vote rigging, election fraud and intimidation were made by the
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resulted in another victory for Mugabe and the ZANUβPF party, which claimed 117 of the 120 contested seats.
1986:
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As a direct response to increased European presence in the interior a new Shona state emerged, known as the
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Why ICT is critical in 'illiterate' Africa|BiztechAfrica Business, Telecom, Technology & IT News Africa
8323:"Landscape evolution in Zimbabwe from the Permian to present, with implications for kimberlite prospecting"
8109:
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and composed by Fred Changundega. It has been translated into all three of the main languages of Zimbabwe.
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in swimming with Coventry obtaining 11 gold medals in the different competitions. Zimbabwe has competed at
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is a United Methodist university in Manicaland which attracts students from at least 36 African countries.
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5212:. The famous soapstone bird carvings stood on walls and monoliths of the ancient city of Great Zimbabwe.
4813:. It is a long sausage, often well-spiced, composed of beef and any other meat like pork, and barbecued.
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119:
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10190:
9478:
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4805:, a type of jerky, is a popular snack, prepared by hanging bits of spiced raw meat to dry in the shade.
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converged on the Transvaal in 1836, they drove the tribe even further northward, with the assistance of
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34:
11708:"Zimbabwe: PortuguΓͺs vai ser introduzido no ensino secundΓ‘rio do paΓs - Γfrica - Angola Press - ANGOP"
10235:
8231:"The new 'scramble for Africa': how a UAE sheikh quietly made carbon deals for forests bigger than UK"
5523:
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is also in this area and is one of the eight main national parks in Zimbabwe, the largest of which is
19150:; Ascension Island (1922β) and Tristan da Cunha (1938β) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena.
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7349:"Commonwealth website confirms Zimbabwe "terminated" its membership with effect from 7 December 2003"
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5110:
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2990:(OHCHR) expressed concerns over allegations suggesting that Zimbabwean authorities may have used the
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The ZNA has an active duty strength of 30,000. The Air Force has about 5,139 standing personnel. The
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1960:
1933:
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Catholic Commission for Justice and Peace in Zimbabwe; Legal Resources Foundation (1 January 1997).
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style. Among the most famous of these are the Great Zimbabwe ruins in Masvingo. Other ruins include
2167:
suggested that living conditions had improved since the power-sharing agreement. The United Nations
1357:
is an ethnically neutral name. It is debatable to what extent Zimbabwe, being over 80% homogenously
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erosion cycles (known as African and post-African), and a very subordinate Plio-Pleistocene cycle.
2311:
2227:
2139:(MDC-T) had achieved a majority of one seat in the lower house of parliament. In September 2008, a
1809:
of 1776, which Smith and others indeed claimed provided a suitable precedent to their own actions.
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1621:
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violations. From 1997 to 2008 the economy experienced consistent decline (and in the latter years,
1154:
1062:
A country of roughly 15 million people as per 2022 census, Zimbabwe's largest ethnic group are the
635:
589:
358:
97:
13196:
11896:
Traditional Religion and Its Impact on the Practices of Apostolic and Zionist Churches in Zimbabwe
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10872:
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2970:, closed after bombs exploded at their offices and the government refused to renew their licence.
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appears on the national flags and the coats of arms of both Zimbabwe and Rhodesia, as well as on
5142:
was passed, a number of privately owned news outlets were shut down by the government, including
4972:
4705:. The goat's small intestines are wrapped around small pieces of large intestines before cooking.
4628:
4459:
Zimbabwe first celebrated its independence on 18 April 1980. Celebrations are held at either the
3654:
3576:
3517:
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3306:
2941:
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1668:, the Ndebele rebelled against white rule, led by their charismatic religious leader, Mlimo. The
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13171:
12963:
12780:
12169:
11940:
Dugbatey, K. (1999). "National health policies: sub-Saharan African case studies (1980β1990)".
10651:"The Domestic and External Implications of Zimbabwe's Economic Reform and Re-engagement Agenda"
10560:
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13147:"Zimbabwean Twist: Cooking Traditional South African Farmers' Boerewors | culinary creationss"
11596:
6729:'Rhodesians Never Die': The Impact of War and Political Change on White Rhodesia, c. 1970β1980
6139:
5659:"Zimbabwe introduces new currency as depreciation and rising inflation stoke economic turmoil"
5495:
2195:
by an astounding 73%. After winning the election, the Mugabe ZANUβPF government re-instituted
1685:
1672:
of 1896β1897 lasted in Matabeleland until 1896, when Mlimo was assassinated by American scout
1616:(BSAP) through Matabeleland and into Shona territory to establish Fort Salisbury (present-day
1538:
as their capital. Mzilikazi then organised his society into a military system with regimental
1225:
regime, the state security apparatus dominated the country and was responsible for widespread
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11100:"Zimbabwe geography, maps, climate, environment and terrain from Zimbabwe | - CountryReports"
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became the first independent daily newspaper to be published in Zimbabwe in seven years. The
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2001:
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431:
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11305:. Paris: UNESCO. pp. Volume 2. GOβSPIN Profiles in Science, Technology and Innovation.
11210:"Water Supply and Sanitation in Zimbabwe, Turning Finance into Services for 2015 and beyond"
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As in other African countries, Christianity may be mixed with enduring traditional beliefs.
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2439:
usually experience cool temperatures and the highest rainfall in the country. The country's
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14638:
14455:
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14401:
13896:
13016:
12387:
12195:
11975:
Marquette, C.M. (1997). "Current poverty, structural adjustment, and drought in Zimbabwe".
11765:
11335:
11297:
10781:
8536:
8471:
8337:
8322:
7453:"Zimbabwe: Housing policy built on foundation of failures and lies β Amnesty International"
6417:
Stella Madzibamuto v Desmond William Larder β Burke, Fredrick Phillip George (1969) A.C 645
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1937:
1883:
1870:(ZANU), supported actively by communist powers and neighbouring African nations, initiated
1214:
846:
452:
412:
381:
12740:
11666:
Martins, Margarida (12 March 2019). "PortuguΓͺs em Γfrica" [Portuguese in Africa].
11251:
Troubled Water: Burst Pipes, Contaminated Wells, and Open Defecation in Zimbabwe's Capital
6835:
6106:
4995:
held the official World Number 1 golf status longer than any player from Africa has done.
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4296:
2719:
In 2005, the MDC split into two factions: the Movement for Democratic Change β Mutambara (
8:
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8709:"ZIMBABWE'S 2005 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS: Lessons for the Movement for Democratic Change"
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The highlands are known for their natural environment, with tourist destinations such as
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10026:
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6567:
4531:. Zimbabwean artefacts can be found in countries like Singapore, China and Canada. e.g.
3280:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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The Zimbabwe Defence Forces were set up by unifying three insurrectionist forces β the
2773:
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2338:
2334:
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2219:
2147:
1967:
1936:, civil service, judiciary, and a third of parliament seats to whites. On 12 June, the
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1822:
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afterwards). Intent on effectively repudiating the recently adopted British policy of "
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213:
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8483:
6755:"Robert Mugabe tarnished the jewel that is Zimbabwe. Now is its chance to shine again"
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The GDP per capita (current), compared to neighbouring countries (world average = 100)
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2222:, placing Mugabe under house arrest. The army denied that their actions constituted a
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11823:
11552:"Business Zimbabwe's land reform: Zambia's gain, a cautionary tale for South Africa?"
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9178:
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6240:(reprint ed.). Creative Media Partners, LLC (published 2018). pp. 106β107.
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and Zimbabwean independence in 1980. The integration period saw the formation of the
2814:
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2595:
2436:
2366:
2276:
In August 2023, President Emmerson Mnangagwa won a second term in an outcome of the
2100:(ZDERA). It came into effect in 2002 and froze credit to the Zimbabwean government.
1959:. On 21 December 1979, delegations from every major interest represented reached the
1871:
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316:
243:
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7187:
6017:"Becoming Zimbabwe or Becoming Zimbabwean: Identity, Nationalism and State-building"
5897:
4178:, 84% of Zimbabweans are Christian, 10% do not belong to any religion, and 0.7% are
2016:
told Mugabe that Zimbabwe was the "Jewel of Africa" but added: "Don't tarnish it!".
19154:
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13761:
13726:
13427:"From Zimbabwe to Hull FC: Masimbaashe Matongo's 'dream' journey is just beginning"
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12752:
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11371:
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9694:
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8167:"Millions in Zimbabwe facing starvation after severe droughts, UN food agency says"
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as a distinctly Zimbabwean song. The winning entry was a song written by Professor
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2396:. About 20% of the country consists of low-lying areas, (the low veld) under 900m.
2385:
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784:
218:
83:
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Re-living the Second Chimurenga: memories from the liberation struggle in Zimbabwe
4631:, Mugabe's slum clearance programme which began in 2005. Bulawayo's second novel,
4365:, the first and largest, was built in 1952 and is located in the Harare suburb of
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14014:
13956:
13308:"Black Cricket's Spiritual Home in Zimbabwe Becomes International Venue for Game"
12471:
11071:
10809:
10147:
9940:
9844:
8363:
8255:
7994:"BREAKING NEWS: Emerson Mnangagwa wins Zimbabwe Presidential Elections 2018, ZEC"
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3398:, in a move to address some of the Zimbabwean economic and financial challenges.
3155:
2517:
2493:, and Eastern Zimbabwe montane forest-grassland mosaic in the Eastern Highlands.
2093:
2031:), and several changes from colonial names (such as Salisbury/Harare; Enkeldoorn/
2012:. Mugabe was the country's first prime minister and head of government. In 1980,
1956:
1952:
1916:
In March 1978, Smith reached an accord with three African leaders, led by Bishop
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9682:
9338:
8843:
7777:"Zimbabwe's shady police roadblocks reflect its failing governance β ISS Africa"
7762:"As the House Burns, Whither the Zimbabwean Opposition? β By Nicole Beardsworth"
7456:
7416:
5545:"2022 Population and Housing Census - Preliminary Report - Zimbabwe Data Portal"
4562:
which tell of the ordeal she went through under the 2000 Land Reform. The first
2265:
In 2018, President Mnangagwa announced that his government would seek to rejoin
18992:
18980:
18825:
18441:
18370:
18359:
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18110:
18016:
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16765:
16629:
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15640:
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15594:
15589:
15569:
15554:
15377:
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15192:
15157:
15102:
14893:
14866:
14755:
14648:
14416:
14218:
13975:
13949:
9528:"#ZimbabweanLivesMatter: celebrities join campaign against human rights abuses"
9502:"Zimbabwe: COVID-19 must not be used to stifle freedoms, says UN rights office"
9501:
9294:
8741:
8548:
7233:
6840:
6032:
5309:
5300:
After the Zimbabwean dollar was suspended indefinitely from 12 April 2009, the
5235:
5148:
5007:
4934:
4659:
4516:
4485:
4464:
4378:
4123:
3763:
3730:
3564:
3505:
3383:
3301:
Historical GDP per capita development in southern African countries, since 1950
2896:
2826:
2707:
2568:
2397:
2370:
2250:
2203:, embarked on "misrule and dazzling corruption". A 2017 study conducted by the
2196:
2178:
curtails presidential powers. Mugabe was re-elected president in the July 2013
1755:
1701:
1609:
1430:
1399:
1304:
1272:
1268:
1230:
1114:
1087:
1079:
1005:
523:
273:
268:
253:
248:
203:
14042:
12120:
11586:
Quarterly Digest of Statistics, 1998, Zimbabwe Printing and Stationery Office.
11541:
Quarterly Digest Of Statistics, Zimbabwe Printing and Stationery Office, 1999.
8039:
7624:
7165:
6361:
6169:
5738:"UNFPA Zimbabwe | 2022 Population and Housing Census Preliminary Results"
2754:
In November 2008, the government of Zimbabwe spent US$ 7.3 million donated by
2119:
19254:
19236:
19223:
19033:
18853:
18034:
17918:
16749:
16655:
16650:
16256:
15864:
15650:
15645:
15559:
15382:
15342:
15182:
15107:
14908:
14745:
14592:
14027:
12766:
12725:
9706:
9170:
8556:
8430:
7692:
7587:
7477:
7389:
6050:
5935:
The Silence of Great Zimbabwe: Contested Landscapes and the Power of Heritage
5892:
5878:
5317:
5250:). It was introduced in March 1994 after a nationwide competition to replace
5189:
5080:
4745:
4675:
4642:
4594:
4183:
3779:
3775:
3759:
3447:
3391:
3375:
3325:
3244:
3212:
2937:
2905:
2701:
2583:
2582:
Large parts of Zimbabwe were once covered by forests with abundant wildlife.
2509:
2393:
2325:
Zimbabwe is a landlocked country in southern Africa, lying between latitudes
2307:
2281:
2214:
took place regarding the economic collapse in the country. In November 2017,
2184:
2164:
2152:
2028:
2020:
2013:
2009:
2005:
1917:
1902:
1874:
against Rhodesia's predominantly white government. ZAPU was supported by the
1601:
1508:
1501:
1417:
1312:
1222:
1198:
1110:
1095:
1032:
916:
842:
364:
233:
223:
176:
163:
14964:
13835:
12757:
12288:
8422:
8349:
8212:"Zimbabwe's President Mnangagwa wins second term, opposition rejects result"
6328:
5870:
2629:
2269:, which is as of 2023 conducting a fact-finding mission prior to asking the
1897:
19063:
18771:
18332:
18326:
18307:
18072:
17807:
17714:
17653:
17647:
16591:
15974:
15964:
15768:
15579:
14977:
14760:
14740:
14735:
14727:
13946:
Zimbabwe's New Diaspora: Displacement and the Cultural Politics of Survival
13919:
13915:"'Hungry kids collapse as looters take millions': life in today's Zimbabwe"
13892:
13234:
13222:
11961:
11645:"Mother Tongue: Interviews with Musaemura B. Zimunya and Solomon Mutswairo"
10236:"As country heads for disaster, Zimbabwe calls for return of white farmers"
9883:
Since the country is well endowed with natural resources such as minerals,
9014:
8574:
8448:
7557:
6720:
5333:
5329:
5050:
5042:
5034:
5027:
4941:
4930:
4918:
4748:/collard greens), beans, and meat (stewed, grilled, roasted, or sundried).
4627:. The novel was inspired by a photograph of a child who lost their home in
4624:
4528:
4219:
4218:, meaning "voice of the ancestors", which is an instrument related to many
3827:
3783:
3767:
3541:
3524:
Several airlines pulled out of Zimbabwe between 2000 and 2007. Australia's
3461:
3220:
3203:
Committee and a headman (traditional leader subordinate to the kraalhead).
3008:
2964:, as a propaganda tool. Newspapers critical of the government, such as the
2852:
2830:
2744:
2676:
2599:
2544:
2357:
to the east and northeast. Its northwest corner is roughly 150 meters from
2342:
2254:
2235:
1875:
1859:
1689:
1661:
1585:
1477:
1465:
1362:
1358:
1335:
1226:
1146:
1134:
1122:
1063:
1036:
518:
467:
329:
304:
288:
12716:
12699:
9966:"Zimbabwe Democracy And Economic Recovery Act of 2001 at Govtrack.us News"
9162:
8870:
7963:"BREAKING- Record 23 Presidential Candidates For Zimbabwe's July 30 Polls"
3677:
emerge and scientific solutions to emergent environmental challenges. The
1289:
1245:
against his government as well as Zimbabwe's rapidly declining economy, a
19180:
18676:
18577:
18388:
17992:
17892:
17607:
17601:
16299:
16148:
15979:
15869:
15438:
14319:
13971:
12872:
9884:
9828:
Zimbabwe remains South Africa's most important trading partner in Africa.
6724:
5682:"Zimbabwe adopts new inflation rate based on U.S. dollar, local currency"
4984:
4980:
4926:
4899:
4753:
4667:
4505:
4374:
4188:
3964:
3926:
3787:
3771:
3557:
3348:
2957:
2926:
2665:
2653:
2560:
2362:
2066:
2048:
2024:
1975:
1879:
1777:
government in Salisbury dropped the designation "Southern" in 1964 (once
1639:
1605:
1469:
1422:
1394:
1206:
1142:
505:
490:
15504:
13990:
13964:
13457:"Zimbabwe teenager Judah Mazive signs contract to play rugby in England"
11375:
7306:"Council Common Position renewing restrictive measures against Zimbabwe"
6058:
6016:
5500:
International Association of University Professors of English Conference
4448:
4323:
3818:
Britons are of Rhodesian or Zimbabwean origin), South Africa, Botswana,
3540:
suspended all direct flights to Harare. The country's flagship airline,
2543:
abound. Much of the country is covered by miombo woodland, dominated by
2155:
attending the Independence Day celebrations in South Sudan in July 2011.
1812:
1518:
18453:
18434:
18177:
17956:
17575:
17492:
17304:
16586:
16576:
16561:
16055:
15959:
15924:
15909:
15894:
15849:
15783:
15478:
14788:
13773:
13738:
12809:
The Soul of Mbira: Music and Traditions of the Shona People of Zimbabwe
12700:"Oppressive and liberative: A Zimbabwean woman's reflections on ubuntu"
10678:"In Zimbabwe, An Economic Crisis With 175% Inflation Drives Discontent"
8110:"Top Zimbabwe court confirms Mnangagwa's presidential election victory"
6614:
5833:"Shona Class 5 revisited: a case against *ri as Class 5 nominal prefix"
5019:
5011:
5003:
4992:
4988:
4893:
4889:
4370:
3987:
3798:
3457:
3239:
3090:
2556:
2440:
2431:
2354:
1678:
1573:
1406:
1048:
936:
16132:
13717:
Huffman, Thomas N. (1985). "The Soapstone Birds from Great Zimbabwe".
8407:"An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm"
6487:
6041:
5857:
Vale, Lawrence J. (1999). "Mediated monuments and national identity".
4369:. Notable alumni from Zimbabwean universities include Welshman Ncube,
4269:
internationally to have achieved a good record of health development.
2607:
mean score of 6.31/10, ranking it 81st globally out of 172 countries.
1283:, translated from the Karanga dialect of Shona as "houses of stones" (
19099:
17952:
17701:
17485:
16571:
16474:
16469:
16429:
16404:
15914:
15473:
14856:
14819:
12660:"7. Women's Empowerment, Gender Equality and Equity | UN in Zimbabwe"
12318:
9087:
7013:"Report on the 1980s Disturbances in Matabeleland & the Midlands"
6766:
from the original on 10 January 2022 – via www.telegraph.co.uk.
6692:
5157:
5084:
4976:
4792:
4520:
4200:
3823:
3595:
3587:
3529:
3119:
2856:
2766:, avoiding a run-off and making him the third president of Zimbabwe.
2540:
2536:
2036:
1839:
1770:
1729:
1625:
1597:
1543:
1473:
14109:
13765:
13730:
9265:
International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association
8992:
8295:
5146:
whose managing director Wilf Mbanga went on to form the influential
1660:(present-day Zambia). Shortly after the disastrous Rhodes-sponsored
1299:
19027:
18942:
18221:
18173:
17922:
17849:
17835:
17831:
17801:
17589:
16596:
16551:
16541:
16449:
15989:
15839:
15834:
15813:
15778:
15763:
15468:
15463:
15433:
15117:
15024:
14765:
14166:
14055:
10803:"Ranking Of The World's Diamond Mines By Estimated 2013 Production"
10649:
Chitiyo, Knox; Vines, Alex; Vandome, Christopher (September 2016).
9888:
9841:"Zimbabwe Economy: Facts, Data, & Analysis on Economic Freedom"
8734:"Contrast in styles as contenders hold rallies in Harare townships"
8282:
The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide
7370:
6479:
5577:"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Zimbabwe)"
5325:
5205:
5169:
5023:
4925:
full member as well. Notable cricket players from Zimbabwe include
4741:
4724:
4710:
4649:'s novels have received widespread critical acclaim and her third,
4249:
4164:
4090:
4072:
3946:
3899:
3830:
ethnic groups, mostly of Indian and Chinese origin, are also 0.5%.
3599:
3560:, another site for tourism, is the largest reservoir in the world.
3422:
3143:
3131:
3071:
3066:
2975:
2971:
2587:
2572:
2564:
2548:
2505:
2474:
2419:
2346:
2040:
1818:
1535:
1504:
1434:
1350:
1327:
1276:
1174:
1106:
1056:
1040:
1011:
911:
850:
550:
323:
208:
10934:
University, Wageningen; form, Research Contact (23 October 2015).
1608:
as well. Rhodes used this document in 1890 to justify sending the
18936:
18269:
18229:
17822:
17579:
17538:
16581:
16556:
16520:
16464:
16459:
16439:
16399:
16221:
16200:
16169:
16127:
15999:
15969:
15954:
15939:
15929:
15919:
15884:
15879:
15829:
15798:
15773:
15748:
13836:"Zimbabwe | History, Map, Flag, Population, Capital, & Facts"
12259:
12090:
12060:
11456:
10364:
10323:
9038:"MILITARISATION OF ZIMBABWE: Does the opposition stand a chance?"
8595:. NGO Network Alliance Project. 16 September 2005. Archived from
8017:
7881:"Zimbabwe's Robert Mugabe confined to home as army takes control"
7388:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
7118:"Voting for Democracy: A Study of Electoral Politics in Zimbabwe"
5443:
5046:
4999:
4913:
4801:
4761:
4512:
4301:
4248:
Life expectancy in select Southern African countries, 1950β2019.
3509:
3421:
The mining sector is lucrative, with some of the world's largest
3107:
2999:
2917:
the government of Zimbabwe violates the rights to shelter, food,
2864:
2576:
2497:
2401:
2358:
2239:
1604:
to the company over Matabeleland, and its subject states such as
1493:
1369:. Zimbabwe has additionally never had a non-Shona head of state.
1191:
1028:
400:
16718:
12634:
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
12490:
Poverty Income Consumption and Expenditure Survey 2011/12 Report
11682:"PortuguΓͺs vai ser introduzido no ensino secundΓ‘rio no ZimbabuΓ©"
9869:. Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada. Archived from
8192:"Canada and others debate Zimbabwe's bid to rejoin Commonwealth"
8164:
6820:. Area Handbook Series. United States Government. p. xvii.
5180:
4786:
3567:
at 2,593 m (8,507 ft) is located there as well as the
3480:
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics
19271:
Countries and territories where English is an official language
18946:
18321:
18086:
17864:
17466:
16601:
16566:
16536:
16454:
16409:
16024:
16009:
16004:
15944:
15899:
15859:
15753:
15732:
15483:
15453:
15443:
15428:
15197:
14823:
14046:
12431:"Ranking of African Countries By Literacy Rate: Zimbabwe No. 1"
8971:"Zimbabwe and Uganda leaders meet with Russian President Putin"
6800:"What Happened to Zimbabwe, Once Known as The Jewel of Africa?"
4979:
in tennis, most notably with the Black family, which comprises
4645:, was also shortlisted for the Booker Prize. Zimbabwean author
4331:
4286:
4261:
4168:
4018:
3982:
3936:
3907:
3889:
3603:
3580:
3548:
the Zimbabwe side, but now Zambia is the main beneficiary. The
3525:
3167:
3095:
3083:
3078:
2988:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
2901:
2532:
2458:
2350:
2032:
1948:
1887:
1617:
1577:
1512:
1052:
1044:
300:
155:
14020:
13987:
Bitter Harvest: Zimbabwe and the Aftermath of its Independence
13961:
Mugabe: Power, Plunder, and the Struggle for Zimbabwe's Future
13646:
13021:"Glory by NoViolet Bulawayo review β a Zimbabwean Animal Farm"
12975:
11871:
Karanga Indigenous Religion in Zimbabwe: Health and Well-Being
10593:"IMARA: Global investors get upbeat briefing on Zim prospects"
9683:"Zimbabwe's Economic Meltdown: Are Sanctions Really to Blame?"
4892:
on six occasions (2000, 2003, 2005, 2009, 2017, 2018) and the
2855:
trainers oversaw the integration of guerrilla fighters into a
2692:
amid allegations of vote-rigging, intimidation and fraud. The
2547:
species and others. Among the numerous flowers and shrubs are
2116:, authorities have yet to properly substantiate their claims.
18447:
18169:
17641:
17121:
16444:
16424:
16419:
16414:
16195:
15984:
15934:
15889:
15874:
15854:
15844:
15818:
15758:
15448:
11747:. Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center. 2012. Archived from
11220:
11072:"Zimbabwe: Air Zimbabwe Vanishes From the Skies Indefinitely"
10596:
9955:. Biztechafrica.com (3 December 2012); retrieved 4 July 2013.
7720:
Fletcher, Martin (7 February 2017). "Out of House and Home".
7687:. Vol. 420, no. 8997. 9 July 2016. pp. 43β44.
7210:
5015:
4715:
4702:
4690:
4000:
3751:
3591:
3179:
2813:(ZIPRA), and the Rhodesian Security Forces (RSF) β after the
2720:
2418:
Over geological time Zimbabwe has experienced two major post-
2053:
1539:
1523:
1497:
1481:
968:
904:
10859:
Biggest Zimbabwe Gold Miner to Rule on London Trade by March
10624:"Zimbabwe has only $ 217 in the bank, says finance minister"
9943:. Biztechafrica.com (10 August 2011); retrieved 4 July 2013.
9586:"Provincial Councils and Administration Act (Chapter 29:11)"
4998:
Other sports played in Zimbabwe are basketball, volleyball,
4174:
According to the 2017 Inter Censal Demography Survey by the
2908:. Protests are discouraged by Zimbabwean police in Zimbabwe.
2860:
balance between the two movements in the command structure.
2679:'s Zimbabwe Unity Movement (ZUM), obtained 20% of the vote.
2648:
was abolished with the adoption of a new constitution after
2242:
news agency that Mnangagwa would be appointed as president.
1624:
over the area. In 1893 and 1894, with the help of their new
1113:(who would become the ethnic Shona) built the city-state of
17998:
16434:
15994:
15904:
15793:
12452:
11920:
Adjustment with a human face, Vol. II: country case studies
11532:. Michigan State University, University of Minnesota. p. 55
11299:
Mapping Research and Innovation in the Republic of Zimbabwe
10861:, Bloomberg News, 17 October 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
7480:"Zimbabwe - 2008 elections and aftermath | Britannica"
5301:
5113:
described the decisions as a "major advance". In June 2010
4546:
Several authors are well known within Zimbabwe and abroad.
4054:
3379:
2501:
2302:
2223:
1835:
986:
977:
14006:
11296:
Lemarchand, Guillermo A.; Schneegans, Susan, eds. (2014).
10202:
10113:"Zimbabwe President Mugabe labels white farmers 'enemies'"
10012:"The loss of property rights and the collapse of Zimbabwe"
8941:"Zimbabwe to allegedly shutdown the Internet on 31st July"
7162:"Zimbabwe: ZANU PF hegemony and its breakdown (1990β1999)"
5995:"What's in a Name? Welcome to the 'Republic of Machobana'"
4554:
has achieved international recognition with her two books
1793:
became unnecessary and the country simply became known as
1307:
Shona people live around Great Zimbabwe in the modern-day
1177:. The state endured international isolation and a 15-year
13624:"Finally, Zimbabwe's 'private' radio station goes on air"
13535:"Supreme Court strikes down repressive media legislation"
13401:"Africa punching above it's [sic] weight in golf"
12377:
12359:"Zimbabwe declares cholera outbreak a national emergency"
10397:
9295:"BBC News β Africa β Zimbabwe gay rights face dim future"
8404:
4603:
is set in Rhodesia, as are the first four volumes of her
4256:
2998:
On 5 August 2020, the #ZimbabweanLivesMatter campaign on
2979:
1974:, Mugabe and the ZANU party secured a landslide victory.
1736:, which Southern Rhodesia essentially dominated. Growing
956:
928:
13895:
work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO. Text taken from
12739:
Chabaya, O.; Rembe, S.; Wadesango, N. (1 January 2009).
11766:"Zimbabwe β International Religious Freedom Report 2005"
11490:
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
11461:
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
11223:(collaboratively published report). 2011. Archived from
10829:"Zimbabwe diamond exports fell 34 pct in 2014: official"
8522:
8018:
Bruce Mutsvairo; Cleophas T. Muneri (29 November 2019).
5140:
2002 Access to Information and Protection of Privacy Act
4304:
in and around Zimbabwe put together from several sources
3521:
by travel and tourism, was 5.2% of national employment.
2825:(AFZ) as separate entities under the command of General
2671:
In 1987 Mugabe revised the constitution, abolishing the
2249:, which were won by the ZANU-PF party led by Mnangagwa.
2123:
Map showing the food insecurity in Zimbabwe in June 2008
1940:
voted to lift economic pressure on the former Rhodesia.
1676:. Shona agitators staged unsuccessful revolts (known as
1628:
guns, the BSAP would go on to defeat the Ndebele in the
1549:
1361:
and dominated by them in various, can be described as a
15727:
12895:"Art of Zimbabwe: Shona Sculpture - The Sculpture Park"
12445:"Zimbabwe: Unlicensed and outdoors or no school at all"
12361:. Agence France-Presse. 4 December 2008. Archived from
11820:
Innovation and Competition in Zimbabwean Pentecostalism
8589:"Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment (No. 17) Act, 2005"
7478:
Kenneth Ingham; Clyde William Sanger; Kenneth Bradley.
7351:. Thecommonwealth.org. 12 December 2003. Archived from
6468:
The International Journal of African Historical Studies
6193:
5960:
5958:
5752:"Who built Great Zimbabwe? And why? - Breeanna Elliott"
5135:
which are printed in Harare and Bulawayo respectively.
4888:
five times (2004, 2006, 2017, 2019, 2021), and won the
4285:
was estimated to be 14% for people aged 15β49 in 2009.
2756:
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria
1315:
claims that "Zimbabwe" represents a contracted form of
13606:"Zimbabwe gets first private daily newspaper in years"
12053:"Zimbabwe Profile based on the 2002 Population Census"
10254:
9035:
6822:
Rev. ed. of: Area handbook for Southern Rhodesia. 1975
6590:
Ending Civil War: Rhodesia and Lebanon in Perspective.
5651:
5412:. Government of Zimbabwe. January 2013. Archived from
4832:, boiled and sundried maize, black-eyed peas known as
4609:
sequence and her collection of short stories entitled
1720:
than any other part of the empire, including Britain.
19052:
18185:. Iraq's mandate was not enacted and replaced by the
16681:
Southern African Development Coordination Conference
16298:
12923:. Zimbabwe β Poetry International Web. Archived from
12738:
12401:"Zimbabwe says cholera epidemic may spread with rain"
10778:"Diamonds in the rough, report by Human Rights Watch"
9812:"Zimbabwe-South Africa economic relations since 2000"
9007:
8637:
Encyclopædia Britannica 2007 Ultimate Reference Suite
7017:
Catholic Commission for Justice and Peace in Zimbabwe
2727:
which contested the elections to the Senate, and the
1813:
Declaration of independence and civil war (1965β1980)
1692:'s portrait featured on Rhodesian banknotes and coins
1066:, who make up 80% of the population, followed by the
983:
974:
953:
11295:
10921:
Conservation agriculture and microdosing in Zimbabwe
10193:, News.sky.com (24 May 2004); retrieved 4 July 2013.
10052:"Organised Violence and Torture in Zimbabwe in 1999"
8756:"Mugabe critics predict fraud in Zimbabwe elections"
8398:
8383:
8381:
8011:
7829:"Mugabe at war with militias that keep him in power"
7648:"Zimbabweans start voting to adopt new constitution"
7249:
7247:
6894:
Mugabe: Power, Plunder and the Struggle for Zimbabwe
6001:. Harare: Training Aids Development Group: 40. 1991.
5955:
3219:
NGOs as it was seen on 4 March 2019 β 21 March 2019
971:
965:
19276:
Former British colonies and protectorates in Africa
13692:"Freedom House 2007 Map of Press Freedom: Zimbabwe"
13072:"African theatre β Southern and South Africa | art"
12976:Guardian first book award 2013 (15 November 2013).
12333:"Zimbabwe declares national emergency over cholera"
11570:"Zimbabwe's white farmers start anew in Mozambique"
10984:"Travel and tourism: Economic impact 2017 Zimbabwe"
10648:
10553:"Zimbabwe economy buoyant, more reform needed: IMF"
10310:
10227:
9833:
8516:
8021:
Journalism, Democracy, and Human Rights in Zimbabwe
7736:"Zimbabwe election: A guide to rigging allegations"
7621:
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
7327:"Zimbabwe Suspended Indefinitely from Commonwealth"
6426:
Southern Rhodesia Constitution Letters Patent, 1923
6348:
6346:
6189:
6187:
5676:
5674:
2238:, ZANUβPF chief whip Lovemore Matuke stated to the
2169:
Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
2008:in what was originally a mainly ceremonial role as
1905:signs the Lancaster House Agreement seated next to
1882:and associated nations such as Cuba, and adopted a
1488:. The Ndebele fought their way northwards into the
962:
959:
13865:
13830:
13828:
13716:
13586:"independent dailies allowed to resume publishing"
12806:
11778:An estimated 1% of the total population is Muslim.
10780:. Human Rights Watch. 26 June 2009. Archived from
10577:. talkzimbabwe.co. 9 November 2010. Archived from
9905:"Zimbabwe's Wildlife Decimated by Economic Crisis"
8228:
8165:Mark Chingono and Bukola Adebayo (7 August 2019).
7873:
7827:
7675:
7673:
7403:"Searching for fuel and other tales from Zimbabwe"
6990:
6753:
6699:. London: John Blake Publishing Ltd. p. 367.
4593:in the UK in 1979. The Nobel Prize-winning author
4476:contest, which has been held annually since 2012.
1981:
1425:on the Indian Ocean coast, helping to develop the
17138:Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention
12472:"Zimbabwe: Country Leads in Africa Literacy Race"
12141:
11530:Southern Africa: society, economy, and liberation
11038:
10966:"Zimbabwe 2018 tourist arrivals peak 2,6 million"
10280:
10119:. Harare, Zimbabwe. 18 April 2000. Archived from
8727:
8725:
8378:
7556:(MSocSc). University of Cape Town. Archived from
7533:"Carter warns situation appears dire in Zimbabwe"
7244:
5856:
5079:Zimbabwe has had success in karate as Zimbabwe's
3822:, Mozambique, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
19252:
13943:
12314:"Miliband backs African calls for end of Mugabe"
12083:"Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Survey 2005β06"
11488:("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)").
11012:
10135:
10009:
9990:
9112:. Zimbabwe Defence Forces News. 22 February 2006
9102:
7530:
6343:
6184:
5928:
5926:
5924:
5671:
4655:, was shortlisted for the Booker Prize in 2020.
2469:Zimbabwe contains seven terrestrial ecoregions:
1846:on 11 November 1965 with his cabinet in audience
1592:(chartered in 1889). In 1888, Rhodes obtained a
1221:, until his resignation in 2017. Under Mugabe's
17179:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
13944:McGregor, JoAnn; Primorac, Ranka, eds. (2010),
13825:
13647:"Reporters without Borders Press Freedom Index"
13243:Africa: An Encyclopedia of Culture and Society
13117:
12210:
11974:
11589:
10319:"Zimbabwe threatens white farmers on evictions"
10154:
10105:
9934:Zimbabwe Ranked Fastest growing Internet Market
9843:. Heritage.org. 12 January 2012. Archived from
9148:
8922:"Aid Group Says Zimbabwe Misused $ 7.3 Million"
8691:"Mugabe's former ally accuses him of foul play"
8364:"At least 55 elephants die in Zimbabwe drought"
8054:"Zimbabwe's Chamisa challenges election result"
7930:
7928:
7854:McKenzie, David; Swails, Brent; Dewan, Angela.
7853:
7715:
7713:
7711:
7709:
7670:
7645:
7278:
6933:. Johannesburg: Struik Publishers. p. 77.
6883:
6881:
6879:
6081:"From a kingdom to a nation: A Shona awakening"
5964:
5502:. Cambridge University Press. 31 October 2014.
5430:
5428:
5426:
5390:. Central Intelligence Agency. 2 December 2021.
4896:once (1985). The team is ranked 68th in 2022.
3482:has been assisting Zimbabwe's farmers to adopt
2652:. Under the constitutional changes in 2005, an
2080:In 2000, the government pressed ahead with its
1612:, a group of Europeans protected by well-armed
616:390,757 km (150,872 sq mi) (
16705:Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
13751:
13015:
12869:"Zimbabwe Celebrates 25 years of Independence"
12531:"BBC report on 40 years in Zimbabwe's schools"
12506:
11041:"British Airways abandons flights to Zimbabwe"
10933:
10488:
9814:. Africa News. 31 October 2007. Archived from
9314:"Zimbabwe election violence spreads to Harare"
8896:"Tsvangirai sworn in as Zimbabwe PM - CNN.com"
8722:
7578:
4940:Zimbabwe has won eight Olympic medals, one in
3614:
2690:Presidential elections were again held in 2002
2199:, doubled the civil service and, according to
2092:due to the reckless farm seizures and blatant
2052:(Shona: 'the early rain which washes away the
1945:fifth Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting
1584:In the 1880s, European colonists arrived with
1105:Beginning in the 9th century, during its late
18712:
17385:
16734:
16506:
16284:
15713:
15520:
14993:
14969:
14125:
13977:Hope Deferred: Narratives of Zimbabwean Lives
13786:
13603:
13566:
13551:
10521:
10519:
10517:
10515:
10513:
10511:
10394:"Zimbabwe to print first $ 100 trillion note"
10338:
10203:Clemens, Michael; Moss, Todd (20 July 2005).
9902:
9618:"Rural District Councils Act (Chapter 29:13)"
9546:
9447:
9430:"Zimbabwe lifts reporting ban on BBC and CNN"
9425:
9423:
8869:Services, Msnbc com News (11 February 2009).
8731:
8461:
7802:"Zimbabwe 'shut down' over economic collapse"
6719:
6401:
6399:
5921:
5830:
4385:National University of Science and Technology
3536:were among the first to pull out and in 2007
2321:Zimbabwe map of KΓΆppen climate classification
2230:Mugabe should be succeeded by Vice-president
1886:ideology; ZANU meanwhile aligned itself with
1100:Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
1086:the most common. Zimbabwe is a member of the
1051:to the east. The capital and largest city is
19147:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
19130:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
19008:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
17174:African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
16099:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
15007:
14105:World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Zimbabwe
13891: This article incorporates text from a
13872:(2nd ed.). London, England: Macmillan.
13591:International Freedom of Expression Exchange
13513:"The making of Samson Muripo | The Standard"
12843:. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p.
12697:
12241:"Zimbabwe: coping with the cholera outbreak"
11939:
11528:Wiley, David and Isaacman, Allen F. (1981).
11475:
11370:. World Intellectual Property Organization.
10761:"Diamond company in trouble with Harare MPs"
10372:"Zimbabwe inflation hits 11,200,000 percent"
9360:Zimbabwe Press, Media, TV, Radio, Newspapers
8838:
8836:
8668:
7925:
7847:
7706:
7617:OCHA in 2012β2013: Plan and Budget: Zimbabwe
7281:"In Zimbabwe Land Takeover, a Golden Lining"
6931:The Battle for Zimbabwe: The Final Countdown
6876:
6669:
6530:
6465:
6434:
6432:
5784:Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
5484:. Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency. 2017.
5479:"Inter Censal Demography Survey 2017 Report"
5473:
5471:
5469:
5423:
3228:Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act
2098:Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act
1728:Britain consolidated the two Rhodesias with
1241:was permitted. In 2017, in the wake of over
13970:
13898:UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030
13001:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
12554:
12552:
12437:
10754:
10657:. Royal Institute for International Affairs
9804:
9353:
9331:
9036:Chari, Freeman Forward (24 December 2007).
8647:
8645:
8611:"Tekere says Mugabe 'insecure' in new book"
8581:
7826:Raath, Jan; Graham, Stuart (25 July 2016).
7825:
6999:"Breaking the Silence, Building True Peace"
6314:
6268:
6266:
6264:
5903:. London, UK: Thames & Hudson. p.
5571:
5569:
5567:
5565:
5419:on 2 October 2013 – via Kubatana.net.
5251:
3707:Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport
3611:are buried in these hills at World's View.
3018:
2729:Movement for Democratic Change β Tsvangirai
2137:Movement for Democratic Change β Tsvangirai
1237:after the use of currencies other than the
142:Location of Zimbabwe (dark green)
15:
19321:States and territories established in 1980
18719:
18705:
17392:
17378:
16982:African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights
16741:
16727:
16513:
16499:
16291:
16277:
15720:
15706:
15527:
15513:
15000:
14986:
14132:
14118:
14007:Official Government of Zimbabwe web portal
13626:. zimeye.org. 26 June 2012. Archived from
13569:"Zimbabwe licenses new private newspapers"
13290:
13197:"Rice with peanut butter Recipe by privie"
12871:. Konrad Adenauer Stiftung. Archived from
12463:
12351:
12307:
11603:
11367:Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition
10508:
10087:. Guinness World Records Limited. p.
9859:
9554:"Constitution of the Republic of Zimbabwe"
9420:
8024:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 14β.
7724:(Telegraph Magazine ed.). p. 39.
6609:Lord Soames, "From Rhodesia to Zimbabwe."
6396:
6194:Hall, Martin; Stephen W. Silliman (2005).
5899:Great Zimbabwe: New Aspects of Archaeology
5401:
5399:
5397:
4752:is also commonly eaten with curdled milk (
4523:, as well as harder igneous rocks such as
3602:. The Matobo Hills are an area of granite
2253:who was leading the main opposition party
2218:following the dismissal of Vice-president
2176:Zimbabwean constitutional referendum, 2013
1253:has since served as Zimbabwe's president.
135:
16:
15534:
13938:Catastrophe: What Went Wrong in Zimbabwe?
13754:The South African Archaeological Bulletin
12836:
12830:
12756:
12715:
11758:
11738:"Table: Religious Composition by Country"
11633:, gapadventures.com; accessed 4 May 2016.
11343:. Paris: UNESCO. 2015. pp. 535β555.
10851:
10702:
10700:
10698:
9680:
9650:"Traditional Leaders Act (Chapter 29:17)"
9441:
9040:. zimbabwejournalists.com. Archived from
8938:
8833:
8675:Zimbabwe: Election Fraud Report, 04/18/05
8564:
8490:
8464:Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
8438:
7856:"Zimbabwe in turmoil after apparent coup"
7482:. Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from
7319:
6924:
6922:
6582:
6438:
6429:
6354:"Zimbabwe | South African History Online"
6040:
5466:
3826:form 0.5% of the population, and various
3633:
3446:Further information on tin from the:
3370:and various other currencies such as the
3315:information and communications technology
2807:Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army
794:
18191:Legitimacy of territorial establishment
14542:Zimbabwe and the Commonwealth of Nations
14036:) is being considered for deletion. See
13560:
13305:
13221:
12978:"We Need New Names by NoViolet Bulawayo"
12804:
12549:
12219:"The death throes of Harare's hospitals"
11817:
11730:
11714:(in European Portuguese). Archived from
11642:
11204:
11202:
11006:
10706:
10346:"How to stay alive when it all runs out"
10263:"White Farmers Given Leases in Zimbabwe"
10044:
9655:. Parliament of Zimbabwe. Archived from
9623:. Parliament of Zimbabwe. Archived from
9591:. Parliament of Zimbabwe. Archived from
9559:. Parliament of Zimbabwe. Archived from
9394:
9311:
8868:
8706:
8642:
7794:
7774:
7719:
7120:. University of Zimbabwe. Archived from
6972:"Gukurahundi killed 80,000: Eddie Cross"
6887:
6857:
6855:
6561:
6559:
6261:
6212:
5700:
5562:
5407:"Constitution of Zimbabwe (final draft)"
5382:
5380:
5378:
5179:
4861:
4785:
4689:
4495:
4447:
4322:
4295:
4255:
4243:
4159:
3740:
3663:
3643:
3500:
3456:
3334:
3319:
3296:
3036:
2895:
2863:The ZNA was originally formed into four
2793:
2706:
2628:
2457:
2316:
2301:
2146:
2118:
1985:
1963:, effectively ending the guerrilla war.
1896:
1834:
1750:
1684:
1638:
1567:
1517:
1393:
1157:ended in 1923 with the establishment of
935:
24:This is an accepted version of this page
13927:
13641:
13639:
13637:
13597:
12693:
12691:
12689:
12687:
12685:
12587:
12585:
12583:
12581:
12492:(Report). Zimstat. 2013. Archived from
12233:
12192:"HIV Prevalence Rates Fall in Zimbabwe"
12184:
12162:
11922:. Clarendon Press, Oxford, pp. 272β99;
11665:
11449:
11069:
10873:"Zimbabwe's Coffee Production Declines"
10450:"Zimbabwe Suspends Use of Own Currency"
10316:
10260:
10233:
10162:"White farmers under siege in Zimbabwe"
10080:
9781:
9779:
9198:. Amnesty International. Archived from
9132:"Police baton charge Harare protesters"
8981:
8806:
8651:
8279:
8229:Patrick Greenfield (30 November 2023).
7991:
7936:"Zimbabwe's President Mugabe 'resigns'"
7417:"Zimbabwe destruction: One man's story"
6797:
6776:
6751:
6517:Encyclopedia of American Foreign Policy
6511:
6509:
6308:
6233:
6107:"Zimbabwe - Cultural life | Britannica"
5932:
5891:
5394:
5349:
4880:is the most popular sport in Zimbabwe.
4867:Zimbabwe women's national football team
3621:Water supply and sanitation in Zimbabwe
3512:and the beginning of the middle Zambezi
2851:Following majority rule in early 1980,
1195:sovereignty as Zimbabwe in April 1980.
14:
19253:
19176:Historical flags of the British Empire
19160:Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985
16522:Southern African Development Community
14278:Unilateral Declaration of Independence
14096:Key Development Forecasts for Zimbabwe
13120:"Biltong: much more than just a snack"
12624:
12622:
12620:
12618:
12469:
12216:
12113:
12000:
11998:
11330:
11328:
11326:
11324:
11322:
11291:
11289:
11287:
11285:
11094:
11092:
11070:Sibanda, Tichaona (23 February 2012).
10870:
10796:
10695:
10675:
10621:
10462:
10404:from the original on 27 September 2013
9368:
9190:
9188:
9054:
8919:
8871:"Tsvangirai sworn in as Zimbabwe's PM"
8664:from the original on 23 February 2021.
8405:Dinerstein, Eric; et al. (2017).
7549:
7524:
6919:
6833:
6813:Nelson, Harold D., ed. (August 1982).
6812:
6227:
6218:
6014:
2527:In the low-lying parts of the country
1844:Unilateral Declaration of Independence
1803:Unilateral Declaration of Independence
1092:Southern African Development Community
19051:
18963:
18700:
18209:
17881:
17556:
17449:
17373:
17131:Specialised agencies and institutions
16722:
16494:
16272:
15701:
15508:
14981:
14968:
14139:
14113:
13912:
13661:
13579:
13545:
13322:"2004 Olympic Games swimming results"
13118:Stephanie Hanes (20 September 2006).
13097:"Sadza ne Nyama: A Shona Staple Dish"
12964:"Book awards: Guardian Fiction Prize"
12393:
11868:
11649:The Journal of African Travel-Writing
11636:
11242:
11199:
11039:Berger, Sebastien (29 October 2007).
10709:"No quick fix for Zimbabwe's economy"
10622:Nyathi, Kitsepile (30 January 2013).
10205:Costs and Causes of Zimbabwe's Crisis
10191:Mugabe Interview: The Full Transcript
9400:
8684:
8523:Grantham, H. S.; et al. (2020).
8320:
7907:"Ruling party sacks Mugabe as leader"
7775:Matyszak, Derek (20 September 2017).
7531:Jacobson, Celean (24 November 2008).
7445:
7206:"History of HIV & AIDS in Africa"
6852:
6731:. Harare: Baobab Books. p. 312.
6691:
6634:
6556:
6010:
6008:
5375:
4511:Traditional arts in Zimbabwe include
4252:has caused a fall in life expectancy.
3657:in 2023, down from rank 107 in 2022.
3394:introduced a new local currency, the
3191:The provinces are subdivided into 59
2694:2005 Zimbabwe parliamentary elections
1550:Colonial era and Rhodesia (1888β1964)
1010:
16880:Permanent Representatives' Committee
13667:Ruzengwe, Blessing (17 March 2005)
13634:
13398:
12682:
12652:
12578:
12507:Nkepile Mabuse (28 September 2009).
12121:"The State of the World's Midwifery"
12032:"United Nations Statistics Division"
11893:
11597:"Zimbabwe Cities by Population 2022"
11363:
11278:from the original on 30 August 2014.
10729:
10141:Robinson, Simon (18 February 2002).
9776:
9681:Ndakaripa, Musiwaro (3 April 2021).
9224:. Human Rights Watch. Archived from
9214:
8920:Dugger, Celia W. (3 November 2008).
8136:"The costs of the Robert Mugabe era"
7255:"Fast Track Land Reform in Zimbabwe"
6928:
6506:
6278:
6198:. Wiley Blackwell. pp. 241β44.
5633:United Nations Development Programme
4902:is a significant sport in Zimbabwe.
4340:United Nations Development Programme
4330:was established in 1896 by a French
3679:Second Science and Technology Policy
3674:Second Science and Technology Policy
3260:
3042:Administrative divisions of Zimbabwe
2811:Zimbabwe People's Revolutionary Army
2590:has reduced the amount of wildlife.
1799:no independence before majority rule
1564:Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
19296:Member states of the United Nations
18987:Saint Andrew and Providence Islands
17830:. British Cameroons is now part of
17289:Single African Air Transport Market
17284:African Continental Free Trade Area
14266:Rhodesia–Nyasaland federation
13930:Zimbabwe: Years of Hope and Despair
13684:
12732:
12615:
12142:Thornycroft, Peta (10 April 2006).
11995:
11337:UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030
11319:
11282:
11089:
10489:Staff Reporter (20 February 2019).
9475:"Al Jazeera kicked out of Zimbabwe"
9339:"Unbowed Tsvangirai urges defiance"
9185:
8639:, Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica.
7439:"Driving out the filth in Zimbabwe"
6752:Johnson, Boris (15 November 2017).
6494:
5965:Ndlovu-Gatsheni, Sabelo J. (2009).
5777:"Zimbabwe 2015 Human Rights Report"
5621:
5175:
5166:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
4176:Zimbabwe National Statistics Agency
3850:Largest cities or towns in Zimbabwe
3443:was Zimbabwe's largest gold miner.
2772:In July 2023, Zimbabwean President
2174:A new constitution approved in the
1651:In 1895, the BSAC adopted the name
1480:successfully rebelled against King
1383:
48:
19291:Member states of the African Union
17846:unilaterally declared independence
17541:1708β1757, 1763β1782 and 1798β1802
14694:Zimbabwe at the Commonwealth Games
13906:
13791:. Brown University. Archived from
13694:. Freedomhouse.org. Archived from
13489:. 23 November 2015. Archived from
13433:. 17 November 2015. Archived from
13403:. Free TV 4 Africa. Archived from
12745:South African Journal of Education
12593:"Gender Equality | UN in Zimbabwe"
12509:"Zimbabwe schools begin fightback"
12470:Nyathi, Kitsepile (14 July 2010).
12407:. 30 November 2008. Archived from
12289:"PM urges Zimbabwe cholera action"
12267:"Zimbabwe cholera deaths near 500"
12243:. 26 November 2008. Archived from
12144:"In Zimbabwe, life ends before 40"
11643:Williams, Angela A. (April 1998).
11013:Machipisa, Lewis (14 March 2001).
10738:. Harare, Zimbabwe. Archived from
10599:. 17 February 2011. Archived from
10533:. World Bank Group. 4 October 2016
10465:"This country has nine currencies"
10463:Giokos, Eleni (29 February 2016).
10288:"Zimbabwe threatens white farmers"
9491:, zimbabwemetro.com, 22 June 2008.
9401:Wines, Michael (7 February 2004).
9312:Whitaker, Raymond (22 June 2008).
8796:"Mugabe rival quits election race"
8770:"Zimbabwe stands 'on a precipice'"
8500:. NewsdezeZimbabwe. Archived from
8330:Geological Society of South Africa
7992:Mabhena, Charles (2 August 2018).
7091:"Zimbabwe: 1990 General Elections"
6571:, Preben (INT) Kaarsholm. p. 242;
6439:Moorcraft, Paul (31 August 1990).
6005:
5639:from the original on 19 March 2024
5629:"Human Development Report 2023/24"
5272:Index of Zimbabwe-related articles
5067:Scotland rugby union international
4906:have represented the country at 2
4395:
3640:Science and technology in Zimbabwe
2471:Kalahari acaciaβbaikiaea woodlands
2245:On 30 July 2018 Zimbabwe held its
2127:On 29 March 2008, Zimbabwe held a
1484:and established his own clan, the
1249:resulted in Mugabe's resignation.
1171:unilaterally declared independence
49:
19337:
19053:Antarctica and the South Atlantic
19032:Occupied by Argentina during the
18964:
18210:
16748:
16300:Nations in the Group of 15 (G-15)
14040:to help reach a consensus. βΊ
14000:
13554:"Resuming operations in Zimbabwe"
12217:Hungwe, Brian (7 November 2008).
11512:"Ethnicity and Race by Countries"
11457:"World Population Prospects 2022"
11433:. 28 October 2013. Archived from
10871:Mumera, Wisdom (9 January 2016).
10732:"Zimplats ignores seizure threat"
10676:Marima, Tendai (19 August 2019).
10559:. 8 November 2010. Archived from
10261:Timberg, Craig (6 January 2007).
9997:United States Department of State
9993:"Zimbabwe: Sanctions Enhancement"
9991:Boucher, Richard (2 March 2004).
9968:. 18 October 2011. Archived from
9246:Howard-Hassmann 2010, p. 909
8844:"Opposition reunites in Zimbabwe"
8814:"Zimbabwe's MDC factions reunite"
7960:
7333:. 8 December 2003. Archived from
7180:
7136:
6237:Cecil Rhodes: A Study of a Career
5933:Fontein, Joost (September 2006).
5781:United States Department of State
5234:is "Raise the Flag of Zimbabwe" (
5121:Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation
3833:
3689:
3396:Real Time Gross Settlement dollar
2962:Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation
2944:. Since 1995, the government has
2373:as the highest point at 2,592 m.
1926:elections were held in April 1979
1267:The name "Zimbabwe" stems from a
1121:was established, followed by the
1071:
19196:
19187:
19186:
18599:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
17354:
17353:
17204:African UnionβEthiopia relations
16885:Specialized Technical Committees
16547:Democratic Republic of the Congo
16250:
16239:
16238:
16046:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
16023:
15804:Democratic Republic of the Congo
14371:Cricket crisis (2003–2007)
14060:
13886:
13868:A New History of Southern Africa
13799:
13780:
13745:
13710:
13616:
13527:
13505:
13479:
13449:
13419:
13392:
13366:
13340:
13314:
13299:
13284:
13259:
13245:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 1305β1326.
13215:
13189:
13164:
13139:
13111:
13089:
13064:
13038:
13009:
12969:
12957:
12931:
12913:
12887:
12861:
12798:
12773:
12523:
12500:
12482:
12423:
12281:
12135:
12123:. United Nations Population Fund
12075:
12045:
12024:
11968:
11933:
11912:
11887:
11862:
11836:
11811:
11783:
11700:
11674:
11659:
11580:
11562:
11544:
11535:
11522:
11504:
11419:
11357:
11169:
11155:"Zimbabwe: The Spirit of Matobo"
11147:
11117:
11063:
11032:
10976:
10958:
10927:
10913:
10883:
10864:
10821:
10770:
10767:, South Africa, 2 February 2010.
10723:
10707:Madslien, Jorn (14 April 2008).
10669:
10642:
10615:
10585:
10567:
10545:
10482:
10456:
10442:
10424:"Zimbabwe abandons its currency"
10416:
10386:
10196:
10184:
10168:. 15 August 2002. Archived from
10074:
10003:
9984:
9958:
9946:
9927:
9896:
9746:
9721:
9674:
9642:
9610:
9578:
9520:
9494:
9467:
9305:
9287:
9249:
9240:
9142:
9124:
9110:"5th Brigade gets new commander"
9076:
9048:
9029:
8963:
8939:Shiangala, Mike (31 July 2020).
8932:
8913:
8888:
8862:
8788:
8762:
8748:
8716:Africa Institute of South Africa
8700:
8652:Frankel, Matthew (26 May 2010).
8629:
8603:
8455:
8356:
8321:Moore, A E; et al. (2009).
8314:
8288:
8273:
8248:
8222:
8204:
8184:
8158:
8128:
8102:
8076:
8060:. 10 August 2018. Archived from
8046:
7985:
7954:
7899:
7819:
7506:"Mugabe wants sanctions removed"
7383:
7279:Polgreen, Lydia (20 July 2012).
7234:"Britain's troubles with Mugabe"
7115:
6798:Chifera, Irwin (17 April 2015).
6777:Lessing, Doris (10 April 2003).
6637:South African Historical Journal
6441:"Rhodesia's War of Independence"
5714:. Greenwich 2000. Archived from
5336:have been used as legal tenders.
5184:Traditional Zimbabwe Bird design
5065:as well as Zimbabwe-born former
4963:. Zimbabwe has done well in the
4951:in Moscow, and seven by swimmer
4844:makes a traditional dish called
4780:is usually eaten for breakfast.
4260:Mother of Peace AIDS orphanage,
3930:
3920:
3893:
3883:
3736:
3265:
3232:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2764:2018 Zimbabwean general election
2605:Forest Landscape Integrity Index
949:
819:
818:
793:
771:
770:
752:
751:
719:
718:
700:
699:
123:
90:
76:
19266:1980 establishments in Zimbabwe
16689:Southern African Customs Union
13913:Burke, Jason (10 August 2019).
13669:"The nine lives of Wilf Mbanga"
13539:Committee to Protect Journalist
13374:"12th FINA World Championships"
12840:Culture and Customs of Zimbabwe
12813:. University of Chicago Press.
10730:Dube, Jennifer (3 April 2011).
10575:"Zimbabwe economy growing: IMF"
10491:"RBZ introduces 'RTGS Dollars'"
10317:Chinaka, Cris (8 August 2007).
10234:Meldrum, Andrew (21 May 2005).
10056:Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum
9903:Wadhams, Nick (1 August 2007).
9760:. 18 March 2019. Archived from
9450:"Why did Zimbabwe ban the BBC?"
9084:"Ministry of Defence, Zimbabwe"
7768:
7754:
7728:
7639:
7623:. December 2011. Archived from
7609:
7579:Booysen, Susan (4 March 2011).
7572:
7543:
7498:
7471:
7455:. 9 August 2006. Archived from
7431:
7409:
7395:
7359:
7341:
7298:
7272:
7226:
7198:
7154:
7109:
7083:
7057:
7031:
7005:
6964:
6947:
6827:
6806:
6791:
6770:
6745:
6713:
6685:
6663:
6628:
6619:
6603:
6519:, Infobase Publishing, p. 537;
6459:
6420:
6411:
6386:
6376:
6317:"A Country in Search of a Name"
6299:
6154:
6124:
6099:
6073:
5987:
5939:University College London Press
5885:
5850:
5824:
5806:"Zimbabwe β big house of stone"
5798:
5769:
5744:
5730:
5599:
5388:"The World Factbook β Zimbabwe"
5294:
5240:Simudzai Mureza wedu WeZimbabwe
4566:, Ian Smith, wrote two books β
4358:subjects also offered in June.
3793:Minority ethnic groups include
3745:A Tonga woman pleating a basket
3712:
2879:
2783:
2462:An elephant at a water hole in
2447:
2361:, nearly forming a four-nation
2056:before the spring rains'). The
1982:Independence era (1980βpresent)
1930:United African National Council
1868:Zimbabwe African National Union
1864:Zimbabwe African People's Union
1769:(effective from October 1964),
1322:Zimbabwe was formerly known as
120:Blessed be the land of Zimbabwe
19095:Australian Antarctic Territory
17951:since 1965 (before as part of
17948:British Indian Ocean Territory
17834:, while Tanganyika is part of
17465:since 1960 (before as part of
14478:Capital punishment in Zimbabwe
14293:1975 Victoria Falls Conference
13552:Williams, Jon (29 July 2009).
12455:. 23 July 2010. Archived from
11015:"Sun sets on Zimbabwe tourism"
9448:Nkosi, Milton (1 April 2005).
9403:"Zimbabwe: Newspaper Silenced"
9060:Mukiwa β A White Boy in Africa
9015:"Zimbabwe Defence Forces News"
8989:"Zimbabwe Ministry of Defence"
8732:Latham, Brian (4 March 2002).
8654:"Myanmar boycott is misguided"
8498:"Chaos as tobacco sales start"
8200:. 7 February 2023. p. A4.
6223:. The Studies. pp. 1β317.
5808:. Somali Press. Archived from
5549:zimbabwe.opendataforafrica.org
5537:
5516:
5488:
5204:). It probably represents the
4910:tournaments in 1987 and 1991.
4756:), commonly known as "lacto" (
4283:HIV infection rate in Zimbabwe
4222:ubiquitous throughout Africa.
3452:
2713:Movement for Democratic Change
2698:Movement for Democratic Change
2640:Zimbabwe is a republic with a
2487:Zambezian and mopane woodlands
2205:Institute for Security Studies
2188:described as "rigged" and the
1992:Multidimensional Poverty Index
51:Country in Southeastern Africa
13:
1:
17336:United States of Latin Africa
17030:Rural Economy and Agriculture
16807:Organisation of African Unity
14588:Zimbabwean dollar (2019β2024)
14271:Malayan Emergency involvement
14025:
13604:Chinaka, Cris (4 June 2010).
13567:Banya, Nelson (26 May 2010).
13399:Gold, Jack Of (29 May 2012).
13125:The Christian Science Monitor
11989:10.1016/S0305-750X(97)00019-3
11954:10.1016/S0277-9536(99)00110-0
10835:. 14 May 2015. Archived from
10209:Center for Global Development
10084:Guinness Book of Records 2014
9699:10.1080/0163660X.2021.1934997
9268:. 17 May 2016. Archived from
8484:10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00156-5
7313:Council of the European Union
7144:"A Brief History of Zimbabwe"
7041:. badley.info. Archived from
7001:– via Internet Archive.
6321:The Northern Rhodesia Journal
5436:"Census 2012 National Report"
5282:
5248:Kalibusiswe Ilizwe leZimbabwe
5162:American Broadcasting Company
5045:. Former players include now
5037:players playing overseas are
4410:Human trafficking in Zimbabwe
3723:
3702:National Railways of Zimbabwe
2625:Foreign relations of Zimbabwe
2610:
1445:
1185:forces; this culminated in a
1163:self-governing British colony
17406:British Overseas Territories
17193:United States military bases
17189:United States Africa Command
13863:
12805:Berliner, Paul (June 1993).
12698:Manyonganise, Molly (2015).
11125:"Zimbabwe Tourism Authority"
11047:. London, UK. Archived from
10995:. March 2017. Archived from
9867:"Country Profile β Zimbabwe"
8284:– via Credo Reference.
6784:The New York Review of Books
6649:10.1080/02582473.2013.846935
6500:
6272:
6166:South African History Online
6136:South African History Online
6132:"Pre-colonial history of SA"
5343:
4890:Southern Africa championship
4388:fraternity of universities.
4328:St. George's College, Harare
4312:
4107:
3550:Victoria Falls National Park
3478:For the past ten years, the
3206:
2931:International Criminal Court
2594:and deforestation caused by
2483:Zambezian Baikiaea woodlands
2291:
2108:, the government initiated "
1892:referendum the previous year
1594:concession for mining rights
1590:British South Africa Company
1416:first emerged in the middle
1256:
1233:), though it has since seen
1141:in 1890 when they conquered
1131:British South Africa Company
1055:, and the second largest is
643:β’ 2024 January estimate
7:
19311:Southeast African countries
19122:British Antarctic Territory
18832:Western Pacific Territories
18726:
17020:HR, Sciences and Technology
14583:Dollar (suspended currency)
14081:Central Intelligence Agency
14066:Wikimedia Atlas of Zimbabwe
9754:"Cyclones Idai and Kenneth"
9376:"Zimbabwe newspaper bombed"
9222:"Zimbabwe β Events of 2006"
8830:, SABC News, 28 April 2008.
8695:Independent Online Zimbabwe
7146:. about.com. Archived from
6815:"Zimbabwe: A country study"
6286:Impressions of South Africa
5585:International Monetary Fund
5265:
5232:national anthem of Zimbabwe
5053:who made an appearance for
4240:Zimbabwean cholera outbreak
4149:
3615:Water supply and sanitation
3417:Mining industry of Zimbabwe
3410:
3404:International Monetary Fund
2778:Russian invasion of Ukraine
2682:
2349:to the west and southwest,
2273:to issue a recommendation.
2180:Zimbabwean general election
2004:after its independence was
1866:(ZAPU) and Robert Mugabe's
1725:1930 Land Apportionment Act
1614:British South Africa Police
10:
19342:
19316:Southern African countries
18860:Gilbert and Ellice Islands
18277:British Arctic Territories
17557:
17450:
17274:African Economic Community
17079:Peace and Security Council
16786:African and Malagasy Union
14325:2008β2009 cholera outbreak
13856:
12837:Owomoyela, Oyekan (2002).
11768:. U.S. Department of State
11670:(in Portuguese). Portugal.
11651:(4): 36β44. Archived from
11177:"Exposure Data by Country"
10452:. VOA News. 12 April 2009.
8679:University of Pennsylvania
8549:10.1038/s41467-020-19493-3
7510:United Press International
6861:Nyarota, Geoffrey (2006).
6836:"Urban change in Zimbabwe"
6033:10.1177/000203971304800103
5937:(First ed.). London:
5524:"Zimbabwe Population Live"
4855:
4685:
4564:Prime Minister of Rhodesia
4489:
4483:
4452:Cultural event in Zimbabwe
4441:
4437:
4402:Child marriage in Zimbabwe
4399:
4316:
4300:Map showing the spread of
4229:
4153:
4111:
3919:
3882:
3841:
3716:
3693:
3637:
3618:
3494:
3490:
3467:
3445:
3414:
3254:
3250:
3022:
2892:Child marriage in Zimbabwe
2889:
2883:
2837:in 1985. In 2003, General
2787:
2614:
2451:
2425:
2411:
2407:
2295:
2216:the army led a coup d'Γ©tat
2002:Zimbabwe's first president
1972:elections of February 1980
1816:
1734:Central African Federation
1732:(Malawi) in the ill-fated
1553:
1387:
1376:
1372:
1260:
1203:Prime Minister of Zimbabwe
53:
19171:
19140:
19100:Commonwealth of Australia
19058:
19047:
19018:
18970:
18959:
18925:
18732:
18696:
18502:Newfoundland and Labrador
18216:
18205:
18183:League of Nations mandate
18164:
17888:
17877:
17858:Lancaster House Agreement
17828:League of Nations mandate
17817:
17563:
17552:
17456:
17445:
17412:
17349:
17318:
17297:
17249:
17212:
17199:United States ambassadors
17159:
17150:
17130:
17077:
17051:
17015:Social Affairs and Health
17010:Infrastructure and Energy
16990:
16972:
16944:
16911:
16893:
16870:
16861:
16828:
16756:
16673:
16643:
16622:
16615:
16529:
16392:
16306:
16234:
16214:
16183:
16162:
16141:
16120:
16109:
16093:
16077:
16064:
16032:
16021:
15739:
15729:Countries and territories
15659:
15633:
15542:
15419:
15401:
15078:
15015:
14975:
14970:Links to related articles
14931:
14884:
14847:
14812:
14779:
14726:
14711:
14702:
14634:
14625:
14563:
14554:
14463:
14454:
14397:
14388:
14366:Cricket (1992–2006)
14348:
14313:Lancaster House Agreement
14194:
14185:
14177:under UDI; 1980βpresent:
14151:
13649:. Reports Without Borders
13046:"Cultural Origins of art"
12939:"Tribute to Cathy Buckle"
12148:The Sydney Morning Herald
11427:"Global Innovation Index"
11181:World Health Organization
10924:, WRENmedia, January 2013
10808:21 September 2013 at the
10143:"A Tale of Two Countries"
10025:: 541β565. Archived from
9062:. London, UK: Macmillan.
7619:(Report). United Nations
6588:Preston, Matthew (2004).
6515:Hastedt, Glenn P. (2004)
6221:Zimbabwe: A Country Study
6015:Mlambo, Alois S. (2013).
5512:– via Google Books.
5496:"Developments in English"
5111:Reporters Without Borders
4851:
4537:Singapore Botanic Gardens
4225:
3627:World Health Organization
3439:As of October 2014,
3274:This section needs to be
2479:Southern miombo woodlands
1961:Lancaster House Agreement
1934:Rhodesian Security Forces
1907:British Foreign Secretary
1831:Lancaster House Agreement
1674:Frederick Russell Burnham
1620:), and thereby establish
1528:William Cornwallis Harris
1412:Societies speaking proto-
922:
910:
898:
888:
880:
862:
838:
808:
783:
764:
745:
731:
712:
693:
675:
665:
655:
641:
634:
624:
610:
603:
599:
586:
573:
560:
547:
534:
530:
517:
502:
487:
477:
473:
458:
443:
428:
424:
411:
399:
344:
287:
192:
148:
134:
114:
106:
72:
65:
56:Zimbabwe (disambiguation)
18630:Turks and Caicos Islands
17937:(protectorate) 1907β1949
17882:
17509:(integrated into the UK)
16974:African Court of Justice
16771:Decolonisation of Africa
15789:Central African Republic
15009:Subdivisions of Zimbabwe
14038:templates for discussion
14013:23 December 2017 at the
13974:; Holmes, Annie (2011),
13928:Barclay, Philip (2010),
13306:VOA News (2 July 2023).
12433:. The African Economist.
12384:On the cholera frontline
12194:. UNESCO. Archived from
12006:"Zimbabwe in 10 numbers"
9939:25 December 2019 at the
9909:National Geographic News
9687:The Washington Quarterly
8635:Mugabe, Robert. (2007).
7550:Ndlovu, Nompilo (2009).
7039:"Chronology of Zimbabwe"
6234:Hensman, Howard (1901).
5969:(First ed.). Bern:
5287:
5090:
5072:, who spent time at the
5059:Super League World Nines
5033:Zimbabwean professional
4637:, a satire based on the
4623:was shortlisted for the
4432:women should keep quiet,
3719:Demographics of Zimbabwe
3484:conservation agriculture
3425:reserves being mined by
3388:Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe
3386:(UK). In February 2019,
3019:Administrative divisions
2886:Human rights in Zimbabwe
2869:Rhodesian African Rifles
2846:Zimbabwe Republic Police
2646:semi-presidential system
2508:, enormous specimens of
2312:Mana Pools National Park
2228:Constitution of Zimbabwe
1858:A civil war ensued when
1781:had changed its name to
1556:Company rule in Rhodesia
1311:province. Archaeologist
671:39/km (101.0/sq mi)
279:Zimbabwean sign language
31:latest accepted revision
18913:1919β1942 and 1945β1968
18738:18th and 19th centuries
18554:Queen Charlotte Islands
18514:North-Western Territory
18486:1665β1674 and 1702β1776
18089:1781β1784 and 1795β1819
17754:1923β1965 and 1979β1980
17437:Commonwealth of Nations
17341:East African Federation
17331:United States of Africa
17069:African Investment Bank
13991:excerpt and text search
13965:excerpt and text search
13840:Encyclopedia Britannica
13348:"Montreal 2005 Results"
13076:Encyclopedia Britannica
12758:10.15700/saje.v29n2a259
11818:Chitando, Ezra (2021).
10081:Glenday, Craig (2013).
8707:Makgetlaneng, Sehlare.
8350:10.2113/gssajg.112.1.65
6408:by Vera Gowlland-Debbas
6327:(1): 78. Archived from
6219:Nelson, Harold (1983).
5871:10.1080/136023699373774
5859:Journal of Architecture
5361:The Beaver County Times
4921:playing nations and an
4884:have qualified for the
4629:Operation Murambatsvina
4479:
4461:National Sports Stadium
3733:at 15,993,524 in 2021.
3655:Global Innovation Index
3508:, the end of the upper
3470:Agriculture in Zimbabwe
3307:Cairo-Cape Town Highway
2800:Zimbabwe Defence Forces
2790:Zimbabwe Defence Forces
2776:voiced support for the
2141:power-sharing agreement
2110:Operation Murambatsvina
2090:Commonwealth of Nations
2071:Elections in March 1990
657:β’ 2022 census
577:Independence recognised
193:Official languages
19306:East African countries
18663:West Indies Federation
17852:) and continued as an
17435:Current member of the
17052:Financial institutions
17043:Cross-Cutting Programs
16946:Pan-African Parliament
15373:UzumbaβMarambaβPfungwe
14437:Wards (municipalities)
14298:1976 Geneva Conference
14021:Parliament of Zimbabwe
13864:Parsons, Neil (1993).
13176:Country Study Zimbabwe
13151:culinarycreationss.com
12269:. BBC. 2 December 2008
11869:Shoko, Tabona (2007).
11104:www.countryreports.org
10891:"|| ICRISAT || Impact"
10857:Marawanyika, Godfrey,
10151:; accessed 4 May 2016.
9733:www.everycrsreport.com
9729:"Zimbabwe: Background"
9318:The New Zealand Herald
9151:Human Rights Quarterly
8300:Victoria Falls Tourism
7164:. EISA. Archived from
7093:. EISA. Archived from
6834:Davies, Hywel (1984).
6613:56#3 (1980): 405β419.
6196:Historical Archaeology
5831:Lafon, Michel (1994).
5688:. Harare. 3 March 2023
5252:
5247:
5239:
5185:
4878:(also known as soccer)
4873:
4796:
4706:
4591:Guardian Fiction Prize
4508:
4474:Miss Heritage Zimbabwe
4453:
4363:University of Zimbabwe
4335:
4305:
4265:
4253:
4171:
3746:
3669:
3649:
3634:Science and technology
3513:
3465:
3434:Marange diamond fields
3340:
3328:
3302:
3049:centralised government
3044:
2909:
2819:Zimbabwe National Army
2802:
2716:
2660:, was reinstated. The
2637:
2634:Parliament of Zimbabwe
2520:, chirinda stinkwood,
2496:The country is mostly
2466:
2353:to the northwest, and
2322:
2314:
2156:
2133:parliamentary election
2124:
2082:Fast Track Land Reform
1998:
1928:, concluding with the
1913:
1847:
1762:
1693:
1666:South African Republic
1648:
1645:Battle of the Shangani
1581:
1531:
1402:
941:
756:$ 32.424 billion (
704:$ 44.448 billion (
110:"Unity, Freedom, Work"
18585:Saint Kitts and Nevis
17856:state until the 1979
17462:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
17092:African Standby Force
17064:African Monetary Fund
16697:Common Monetary Area
15950:SΓ£o TomΓ© and PrΓncipe
15809:Republic of the Congo
15536:Languages of Zimbabwe
14578:Zimbabwean bond notes
14573:Zimbabwean bond coins
14537:2007 political crisis
14100:International Futures
14091:UCB Libraries GovPubs
13324:. CNN. Archived from
13017:Ladipo Manyika, Sarah
12717:10.4102/VE.V36I2.1438
12560:"Zimbabwe US Embassy"
12496:on 27 September 2013.
12451:. Epworth, Zimbabwe:
11894:Moyo, Method (2020).
11873:. London: Routledge.
11492:, Population Division
11463:, Population Division
11159:zimbabwe.safari.co.za
10374:. CNN. 19 August 2008
10010:Richardson, Craig J.
9163:10.1353/hrq.2010.0030
8758:. CNN. 28 March 2008.
8599:on 27 September 2007.
8529:Nature Communications
8423:10.1093/biosci/bix014
8280:Helicon, ed. (2018).
8256:"Inyangani, Zimbabwe"
7681:"Bailing out bandits"
7646:Dzirutwe, MacDonald.
7419:. BBC. 30 August 2005
7188:"History of Zimbabwe"
6929:Hill, Geoff (2005) .
6779:"The Jewel of Africa"
6611:International Affairs
6284:Bryce, James (2008).
5664:Associated Press News
5254:Ishe Komborera Africa
5221:banknotes of Zimbabwe
5183:
5061:and featured for the
4945:with the women's team
4886:Africa Cup of Nations
4865:
4789:
4713:, is used to prepare
4693:
4499:
4451:
4400:Further information:
4326:
4319:Education in Zimbabwe
4299:
4259:
4247:
4197:Seventh-day Adventist
4163:
4114:Languages of Zimbabwe
3744:
3696:Transport in Zimbabwe
3667:
3647:
3609:Leander Starr Jameson
3518:land reform programme
3504:
3460:
3338:
3323:
3300:
3040:
3029:Districts of Zimbabwe
3025:Provinces of Zimbabwe
2986:On 24 July 2020, the
2946:carried out campaigns
2927:protection of the law
2899:
2823:Air Force of Zimbabwe
2797:
2741:2008 general election
2710:
2673:ceremonial presidency
2632:
2621:Elections in Zimbabwe
2491:Zambezian halophytics
2461:
2320:
2305:
2298:Geography of Zimbabwe
2151:Zimbabwean President
2150:
2129:presidential election
2122:
2114:Amnesty International
1990:Trends in Zimbabwe's
1989:
1900:
1838:
1754:
1742:multiracial democracy
1688:
1642:
1580:on 13 September 1890.
1571:
1521:
1427:Kingdom of Mapungubwe
1397:
1388:Further information:
1261:Further information:
939:
626:β’ Water (%)
462:Second Vice-President
419:presidential republic
177:17.82917Β°S 31.05222Β°E
19286:Landlocked countries
19113:Realm of New Zealand
19111:(transferred to the
19098:(transferred to the
18931:Realm of New Zealand
18532:Prince Edward Island
18410:1671β1816, 1833β1960
17059:African Central Bank
15634:Unofficial languages
14402:Chimanimani District
13985:Smith, Ian Douglas.
13760:(173/174): 105β106.
13725:(3): 68β73, 99β100.
13239:Jean-Jacques, Daniel
12365:on 27 September 2013
11002:on 10 November 2017.
10638:on 22 December 2019.
10581:on 12 November 2010.
10563:on 11 November 2010.
9915:on 21 September 2007
9341:. BBC. 14 March 2007
8744:on 29 December 2013.
8740:. UK. Archived from
8504:on 27 September 2013
7658:on 27 September 2013
7065:"Timeline: Zimbabwe"
6358:www.sahistory.org.za
6315:Gray, J. A. (1956).
5306:United States dollar
5196:and coins (first on
4961:2008 Summer Olympics
4957:2004 Summer Olympics
4949:1980 Summer Olympics
4606:Children of Violence
4600:The Grass Is Singing
4500:"Reconciliation", a
4428:vakadzi ngavanyarare
4414:Abortion in Zimbabwe
4406:Polygamy in Zimbabwe
4236:HIV/AIDS in Zimbabwe
4156:Religion in Zimbabwe
3573:Nyanga National Park
3554:Hwange National Park
3441:Metallon Corporation
3374:(South Africa), the
3368:United States dollar
3311:Beira-Lobito Highway
2955:UN Secretary-General
2839:Constantine Chiwenga
2650:a referendum in 2013
2617:Politics of Zimbabwe
2592:Woodland degradation
2464:Hwange National Park
2454:Wildlife of Zimbabwe
2341:. It is bordered by
1938:United States Senate
1872:guerrilla operations
1807:American declaration
1767:Zambian independence
1215:parliamentary system
1169:minority government
1017:Republic of Zimbabwe
1012:[zi.α΅ba.Ιwe]
940:Zimbabwe, relief map
590:Current constitution
453:Constantino Chiwenga
447:First Vice-President
67:Republic of Zimbabwe
54:For other uses, see
19326:Countries in Africa
19233: /
19144:Since 2009 part of
19036:of AprilβJune 1982.
18623:Trinidad and Tobago
18237:Antigua and Barbuda
18137:Straits Settlements
16644:Secretaries-General
16206:Plazas de soberanΓa
16110:African territories
16050:unclear sovereignty
16035:States with limited
15660:Immigrant languages
15040:Mashonaland Central
14422:Place name renaming
14303:Internal Settlement
14234:Second Matabele War
13698:on 27 December 2010
13437:on 25 December 2015
13203:. 27 September 2020
12927:on 16 October 2007.
12566:on 18 November 2007
11437:on 2 September 2021
11376:10.34667/tind.46596
11165:on 1 November 2013.
11129:zimbabwetourism.net
11051:on 30 November 2007
11045:The Daily Telegraph
10901:on 23 February 2022
10784:on 8 September 2012
10527:"Zimbabwe Overview"
10400:. 16 January 2009.
10292:The Washington Post
10267:The Washington Post
9873:on 26 February 2008
9662:on 4 September 2015
9630:on 27 December 2013
9598:on 27 December 2013
9566:on 21 December 2008
9435:The Daily Telegraph
9275:on 2 September 2017
8617:on 27 December 2007
8541:2020NatCo..11.5978G
8476:2000AgEE...79..175C
8342:2009SAJG..112...65M
7597:on 12 December 2012
7560:on 24 February 2019
7539:. Associated Press.
7124:on 2 September 2009
7045:on 23 November 2008
6978:on 12 November 2016
6891:(September 2007) .
6565:Chung, Fay (2006).
5973:. pp. 113β14.
5941:. pp. 119β20.
5712:Greenwich Mean Time
5454:on 1 September 2014
5363:. 13 September 1981
5277:Outline of Zimbabwe
5109:, for publication.
5039:Masimbaashe Motongo
4764:, known locally as
4701:, greens, and goat
4652:This Mournable Body
4582:The House of Hunger
4527:and the rare stone
4444:Culture of Zimbabwe
4208:Indigenous religion
3816:200,000 and 500,000
3497:Tourism in Zimbabwe
3257:Economy of Zimbabwe
3103:Mashonaland Central
3011:shortlisted author
2942:illegal in Zimbabwe
2923:freedom of assembly
2919:freedom of movement
2900:A demonstration in
2644:of government. The
2642:presidential system
2432:subtropical climate
2414:Geology of Zimbabwe
2212:nationwide protests
1922:Internal Settlement
1738:African nationalism
1670:Second Matabele War
1442:Kingdom of Zimbabwe
1379:History of Zimbabwe
1347:gained independence
1275:, a medieval city (
1119:Kingdom of Zimbabwe
182:-17.82917; 31.05222
173: /
21:Page version status
18296:Cape Breton Island
18187:Anglo-Iraqi Treaty
18029:Unfederated States
17844:Southern Rhodesia
17431:Commonwealth realm
17310:African Border Day
17025:Trade and Industry
17000:Peace and Security
16992:ECOSOCC Committees
16926:Deputy Chairperson
16114:non-African states
15550:Zimbabwean English
15543:Official languages
15065:Matabeleland South
15060:Matabeleland North
14603:Telecommunications
14340:2019 fuel protests
14330:2016β2017 protests
14224:First Matabele War
14076:The World Factbook
13980:, Voice of witness
13940:(2011); 302 pages.
13787:Landow, George P.
13493:on 13 January 2017
13467:on 13 January 2017
13407:on 8 February 2013
13354:on 28 January 2007
13172:"Eating Practices"
12945:on 30 October 2007
12921:"Charles Mungoshi"
12899:Default Store View
12875:on 10 October 2006
12704:Verbum et Ecclesia
12670:on 5 December 2018
12640:on 5 December 2018
12411:on 6 December 2008
12322:, 5 December 2008.
12012:. 18 November 2017
11799:on 31 October 2007
11668:DiΓ‘rio de NotΓcias
11576:. 28 October 2015.
11558:. 16 January 2019.
11259:Human Rights Watch
11230:on 30 January 2020
11135:on 3 December 2007
10765:Independent Online
10632:Nation Media Group
9764:on 5 December 2019
9407:The New York Times
9228:on 11 October 2007
9202:on 3 December 2007
9138:. 3 December 2008.
9090:on 2 November 2007
9044:on 5 January 2008.
8995:on 2 November 2007
8926:The New York Times
8197:The Globe and Mail
8146:on 1 February 2018
8064:on 17 January 2019
7973:on 17 January 2019
7942:. 21 November 2017
7913:. 19 November 2017
7887:. 15 November 2017
7627:on 30 January 2012
7512:. 18 December 2010
7486:on 16 January 2023
7459:on 10 October 2006
7441:. 31 January 2007.
7373:. 12 December 2001
7331:Human Rights First
7315:. 26 January 2009.
7285:The New York Times
7262:Human Rights Watch
7168:on 5 December 2008
7150:on 8 January 2008.
7116:Moyo, Jonathon N.
7097:on 5 December 2008
6670:George M. Houser.
6111:www.britannica.com
6087:. 29 November 2020
5314:South African rand
5210:African fish eagle
5186:
4965:Commonwealth Games
4894:Eastern Africa cup
4874:
4871:2016 Olympic Games
4838:Bambara groundnuts
4826:potato-based foods
4797:
4762:Tanganyika sardine
4707:
4647:Tsitsi Dangarembga
4587:Dambudzo Marechera
4569:The Great Betrayal
4509:
4454:
4430:", translates to "
4336:
4306:
4266:
4254:
4232:Health in Zimbabwe
4172:
3747:
3670:
3650:
3514:
3466:
3427:Anglo American plc
3341:
3329:
3303:
3163:Matabeleland South
3151:Matabeleland North
3045:
3013:Tsitsi Dangarembga
2915:Human Rights Watch
2910:
2803:
2774:Emmerson Mnangagwa
2717:
2711:Supporters of the
2638:
2473:, Southern Africa
2467:
2323:
2315:
2232:Phelekezela Mphoko
2220:Emmerson Mnangagwa
2157:
2125:
2094:election tampering
1999:
1968:Christopher Soames
1914:
1848:
1823:Rhodesian Bush War
1801:", Smith issued a
1785:, having the word
1763:
1704:, subsequent to a
1694:
1649:
1647:on 25 October 1893
1630:First Matabele War
1582:
1532:
1448:1450 to 1760, the
1403:
1251:Emmerson Mnangagwa
1243:a year of protests
1205:in 1980, when his
1151:First Matabele War
1145:and later in 1893
1076:official languages
1074:. Zimbabwe has 16
1072:smaller minorities
1047:to the north, and
1043:to the southwest,
1021:landlocked country
1015:), officially the
942:
858:; Other currencies
856:South African rand
741:2023 estimate
689:2023 estimate
438:Emmerson Mnangagwa
407:Zimbo (colloquial)
388:traditional faiths
289:Ethnic groups
27:
19216:
19215:
19210:
19209:
19167:
19166:
19043:
19042:
18975:Providence Island
18955:
18954:
18920:
18919:
18788:Western Australia
18756:Van Diemen's Land
18692:
18691:
18669:Associated States
18367:Columbia District
18201:
18200:
18055:Manila and Cavite
17873:
17872:
17752:Southern Rhodesia
17746:South-West Africa
17696:Northern Rhodesia
17608:Cape of Good Hope
17548:
17547:
17425:Current territory
17367:
17366:
17245:
17244:
17169:Foreign relations
17146:
17145:
17097:Panel of the Wise
17005:Political Affairs
16875:Executive Council
16818:Secretary General
16796:Sirte Declaration
16716:
16715:
16669:
16668:
16635:Kgalema Motlanthe
16488:
16487:
16266:
16265:
16230:
16229:
16105:
16104:
15825:Equatorial Guinea
15695:
15694:
15502:
15501:
15411:Wards of Zimbabwe
14962:
14961:
14927:
14926:
14880:
14879:
14843:
14842:
14689:Sport in Zimbabwe
14659:Human trafficking
14621:
14620:
14550:
14549:
14510:Political parties
14473:Foreign relations
14450:
14449:
14384:
14383:
14361:Cricket (to 1992)
14308:Zimbabwe Rhodesia
14251:Southern Rhodesia
14175:Zimbabwe Rhodesia
14159:Southern Rhodesia
13936:Bourne, Richard.
13813:on 17 August 2009
13807:"Balancing Rocks"
13795:on 9 August 2007.
13515:. 22 October 2017
13052:on 1 October 2000
13019:(23 March 2022).
12854:978-0-313-31583-1
12664:www.zw.one.un.org
12603:on 14 August 2018
12597:www.zw.one.un.org
12339:. 4 December 2008
12295:. 6 December 2008
11977:World Development
11905:978-3-346-21835-3
11880:978-0-754-65881-8
11829:978-1-3501-7601-0
11754:on 10 March 2016.
11655:on 26 March 2018.
11385:978-92-805-3432-0
11350:978-92-3-100129-1
11312:978-92-3-100034-8
10877:newsofhesouth.com
10818:, 20 August 2013.
10595:(Press release).
10495:The Zimbabwe Mail
10430:. 29 January 2009
10298:. 5 February 2007
10172:on 6 January 2012
10032:on 2 January 2011
9995:(Press release).
9972:on 6 January 2012
9818:on 1 January 2008
9382:. 28 January 2001
9069:978-0-333-67150-4
8951:on 10 August 2020
8945:Smatt Geeks Media
8658:Los Angeles Times
8366:. 21 October 2019
8031:978-1-4985-9977-1
7405:. 1 October 2003.
7071:. 15 October 2009
6940:978-1-86872-652-3
6912:978-1-58648-558-0
6865:, Zebra, p. 134;
6863:Against the Grain
6738:978-0-908311-82-8
6706:978-1-85782-604-3
6364:on 7 January 2019
6205:978-1-4051-0751-8
6172:on 7 January 2019
5980:978-3-03911-941-7
5914:978-0-8128-1599-3
5635:. 13 March 2024.
5587:. 10 October 2023
5322:Australian dollar
5260:Solomon Mutswairo
5188:The stone-carved
5097:media of Zimbabwe
4991:. The Zimbabwean
4904:The national side
4858:Sport in Zimbabwe
4824:Rice, pasta, and
4620:We Need New Names
4615:NoViolet Bulawayo
4535:'s statue in the
4492:Music of Zimbabwe
4390:Africa University
4212:Ancestral worship
4140:Solomon Mutswairo
4104:
4103:
3795:white Zimbabweans
3534:Austrian Airlines
3464:farms in Zimbabwe
3364:Zimbabwean dollar
3360:Patrick Chinamasa
3295:
3294:
3185:
3184:
3033:Wards of Zimbabwe
3005:Hopewell Chin'ono
2835:Josiah Tungamirai
2815:Second Chimurenga
2736:the other group.
2733:Morgan Tsvangirai
2662:House of Assembly
2596:population growth
2524:and many others.
2437:Eastern Highlands
2367:Eastern Highlands
2333:, and longitudes
2271:Secretary-General
2247:general elections
2234:, a supporter of
2106:elections in 2005
1827:Zimbabwe Rhodesia
1779:Northern Rhodesia
1718:Second World Wars
1658:Northern Rhodesia
1560:Southern Rhodesia
1526:, as depicted by
1450:Kingdom of Mutapa
1332:Zimbabwe Rhodesia
1324:Southern Rhodesia
1239:Zimbabwean dollar
1189:that established
1183:black nationalist
1159:Southern Rhodesia
934:
933:
766:β’ Per capita
714:β’ Per capita
564:Zimbabwe Rhodesia
512:National Assembly
128:
39:20 September 2024
18:
19333:
19248:
19247:
19245:
19244:
19243:
19238:
19234:
19231:
19230:
19229:
19226:
19200:
19190:
19189:
19155:Antarctic Treaty
19116:
19103:
19088:Falkland Islands
19080:Tristan da Cunha
19072:Ascension Island
19049:
19048:
19000:Falkland Islands
18961:
18960:
18929:Now part of the
18801:Pitcairn Islands
18766:Auckland Islands
18735:
18734:
18721:
18714:
18707:
18698:
18697:
18683:Windward Islands
18637:Vancouver Island
18414:MassachusettsBay
18283:British Columbia
18207:
18206:
18023:Federated States
17879:
17878:
17789:Tristan da Cunha
17758:Southern Nigeria
17690:Northern Nigeria
17569:Ascension Island
17554:
17553:
17510:
17447:
17446:
17421:Former territory
17418:
17394:
17387:
17380:
17371:
17370:
17357:
17356:
17269:Development Bank
17157:
17156:
17039:Women and Gender
17035:Economic Affairs
16964:Gallagher Estate
16868:
16867:
16776:Casablanca Group
16743:
16736:
16729:
16720:
16719:
16708:
16700:
16692:
16684:
16620:
16619:
16515:
16508:
16501:
16492:
16491:
16293:
16286:
16279:
16270:
16269:
16254:
16242:
16241:
16118:
16117:
16075:
16074:
16027:
15821:(partly in Asia)
15741:Sovereign states
15722:
15715:
15708:
15699:
15698:
15529:
15522:
15515:
15506:
15505:
15050:Mashonaland West
15045:Mashonaland East
15002:
14995:
14988:
14979:
14978:
14966:
14965:
14947:
14940:
14724:
14723:
14709:
14708:
14632:
14631:
14561:
14560:
14461:
14460:
14407:Cities and towns
14395:
14394:
14335:2017 coup d'Γ©tat
14261:Second World War
14256:colonial history
14192:
14191:
14134:
14127:
14120:
14111:
14110:
14064:
14063:
14052:Zimbabwe profile
13981:
13957:Meredith, Martin
13952:
13932:
13924:
13890:
13883:
13879:978-0-84195319-2
13871:
13851:
13850:
13848:
13846:
13832:
13823:
13822:
13820:
13818:
13809:. Archived from
13803:
13797:
13796:
13789:"Great Zimbabwe"
13784:
13778:
13777:
13749:
13743:
13742:
13714:
13708:
13707:
13705:
13703:
13688:
13682:
13673:The London Globe
13665:
13659:
13658:
13656:
13654:
13643:
13632:
13631:
13630:on 25 July 2014.
13620:
13614:
13613:
13601:
13595:
13583:
13577:
13576:
13564:
13558:
13557:
13549:
13543:
13542:
13531:
13525:
13524:
13522:
13520:
13509:
13503:
13502:
13500:
13498:
13483:
13477:
13476:
13474:
13472:
13463:. Archived from
13453:
13447:
13446:
13444:
13442:
13423:
13417:
13416:
13414:
13412:
13396:
13390:
13389:
13387:
13385:
13376:. Archived from
13370:
13364:
13363:
13361:
13359:
13350:. Archived from
13344:
13338:
13337:
13335:
13333:
13318:
13312:
13311:
13303:
13297:
13296:
13291:worldrugby.org.
13288:
13282:
13281:
13279:
13277:
13263:
13257:
13256:
13219:
13213:
13212:
13210:
13208:
13193:
13187:
13186:
13184:
13182:
13168:
13162:
13161:
13159:
13157:
13143:
13137:
13136:
13134:
13132:
13115:
13109:
13108:
13106:
13104:
13093:
13087:
13086:
13084:
13082:
13068:
13062:
13061:
13059:
13057:
13048:. Archived from
13042:
13036:
13035:
13033:
13031:
13013:
13007:
13006:
13000:
12992:
12990:
12988:
12973:
12967:
12966:, Library Thing.
12961:
12955:
12954:
12952:
12950:
12941:. Archived from
12935:
12929:
12928:
12917:
12911:
12910:
12908:
12906:
12891:
12885:
12884:
12882:
12880:
12865:
12859:
12858:
12834:
12828:
12827:
12812:
12802:
12796:
12795:
12793:
12791:
12777:
12771:
12770:
12760:
12736:
12730:
12729:
12719:
12695:
12680:
12679:
12677:
12675:
12666:. Archived from
12656:
12650:
12649:
12647:
12645:
12636:. Archived from
12626:
12613:
12612:
12610:
12608:
12599:. Archived from
12589:
12576:
12575:
12573:
12571:
12562:. Archived from
12556:
12547:
12546:
12544:
12542:
12527:
12521:
12520:
12518:
12516:
12504:
12498:
12497:
12486:
12480:
12479:
12467:
12461:
12460:
12441:
12435:
12434:
12427:
12421:
12420:
12418:
12416:
12397:
12391:
12381:
12375:
12374:
12372:
12370:
12355:
12349:
12348:
12346:
12344:
12329:
12323:
12311:
12305:
12304:
12302:
12300:
12285:
12279:
12278:
12276:
12274:
12263:
12257:
12256:
12254:
12252:
12237:
12231:
12230:
12228:
12226:
12214:
12208:
12207:
12205:
12203:
12198:on 30 March 2008
12188:
12182:
12181:
12179:
12177:
12166:
12160:
12159:
12157:
12155:
12139:
12133:
12132:
12130:
12128:
12117:
12111:
12110:
12108:
12106:
12100:
12094:. Archived from
12087:
12079:
12073:
12072:
12071:on 2 April 2015.
12070:
12064:. Archived from
12057:
12049:
12043:
12042:
12040:
12038:
12028:
12022:
12021:
12019:
12017:
12002:
11993:
11992:
11983:(7): 1141β1149.
11972:
11966:
11965:
11937:
11931:
11916:
11910:
11909:
11891:
11885:
11884:
11866:
11860:
11859:
11857:
11855:
11846:. Archived from
11840:
11834:
11833:
11815:
11809:
11808:
11806:
11804:
11795:. Archived from
11787:
11781:
11780:
11775:
11773:
11762:
11756:
11755:
11753:
11742:
11734:
11728:
11727:
11725:
11723:
11718:on 6 August 2020
11704:
11698:
11697:
11695:
11693:
11678:
11672:
11671:
11663:
11657:
11656:
11640:
11634:
11632:
11630:
11628:
11623:on 25 March 2009
11622:
11616:. Archived from
11615:
11607:
11601:
11600:
11593:
11587:
11584:
11578:
11577:
11566:
11560:
11559:
11548:
11542:
11539:
11533:
11526:
11520:
11519:
11508:
11502:
11501:
11499:
11497:
11487:
11479:
11473:
11472:
11470:
11468:
11453:
11447:
11446:
11444:
11442:
11431:INSEAD Knowledge
11423:
11417:
11416:
11410:
11406:
11404:
11396:
11394:
11392:
11361:
11355:
11354:
11342:
11332:
11317:
11316:
11304:
11293:
11280:
11279:
11277:
11268:978-1-62313-0800
11256:
11246:
11240:
11239:
11237:
11235:
11229:
11214:
11206:
11197:
11196:
11194:
11192:
11183:. Archived from
11173:
11167:
11166:
11161:. Archived from
11151:
11145:
11144:
11142:
11140:
11131:. Archived from
11121:
11115:
11114:
11112:
11110:
11096:
11087:
11086:
11084:
11082:
11067:
11061:
11060:
11058:
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11036:
11030:
11029:
11027:
11025:
11010:
11004:
11003:
11001:
10988:
10980:
10974:
10973:
10972:. 17 March 2019.
10962:
10956:
10955:
10953:
10951:
10946:on 12 April 2021
10942:. Archived from
10931:
10925:
10917:
10911:
10910:
10908:
10906:
10897:. Archived from
10887:
10881:
10880:
10868:
10862:
10855:
10849:
10848:
10846:
10844:
10825:
10819:
10800:
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10793:
10791:
10789:
10774:
10768:
10758:
10752:
10751:
10749:
10747:
10727:
10721:
10720:
10718:
10716:
10704:
10693:
10692:
10690:
10688:
10673:
10667:
10666:
10664:
10662:
10646:
10640:
10639:
10634:. Archived from
10628:AfricaReview.com
10619:
10613:
10612:
10610:
10608:
10589:
10583:
10582:
10571:
10565:
10564:
10549:
10543:
10542:
10540:
10538:
10523:
10506:
10505:
10503:
10501:
10486:
10480:
10479:
10477:
10475:
10460:
10454:
10453:
10446:
10440:
10439:
10437:
10435:
10420:
10414:
10413:
10411:
10409:
10390:
10384:
10383:
10381:
10379:
10368:
10362:
10361:
10359:
10357:
10342:
10336:
10335:
10333:
10331:
10314:
10308:
10307:
10305:
10303:
10296:Associated Press
10284:
10278:
10277:
10275:
10273:
10258:
10252:
10251:
10249:
10247:
10231:
10225:
10224:
10222:
10220:
10211:. Archived from
10200:
10194:
10188:
10182:
10181:
10179:
10177:
10158:
10152:
10139:
10133:
10132:
10130:
10128:
10109:
10103:
10102:
10078:
10072:
10071:
10069:
10067:
10058:. Archived from
10048:
10042:
10041:
10039:
10037:
10031:
10016:
10007:
10001:
10000:
9988:
9982:
9981:
9979:
9977:
9962:
9956:
9950:
9944:
9931:
9925:
9924:
9922:
9920:
9911:. Archived from
9900:
9894:
9893:
9880:
9878:
9863:
9857:
9856:
9854:
9852:
9837:
9831:
9830:
9825:
9823:
9808:
9802:
9801:
9799:
9797:
9783:
9774:
9773:
9771:
9769:
9750:
9744:
9743:
9741:
9739:
9725:
9719:
9718:
9678:
9672:
9671:
9669:
9667:
9661:
9654:
9646:
9640:
9639:
9637:
9635:
9629:
9622:
9614:
9608:
9607:
9605:
9603:
9597:
9590:
9582:
9576:
9575:
9573:
9571:
9565:
9558:
9550:
9544:
9543:
9541:
9539:
9524:
9518:
9517:
9515:
9513:
9498:
9492:
9490:
9488:
9486:
9477:. Archived from
9471:
9465:
9464:
9462:
9460:
9445:
9439:
9427:
9418:
9417:
9415:
9413:
9398:
9392:
9391:
9389:
9387:
9372:
9366:
9357:
9351:
9350:
9348:
9346:
9335:
9329:
9328:
9326:
9324:
9309:
9303:
9302:
9291:
9285:
9284:
9282:
9280:
9274:
9261:
9253:
9247:
9244:
9238:
9237:
9235:
9233:
9218:
9212:
9211:
9209:
9207:
9192:
9183:
9182:
9146:
9140:
9139:
9128:
9122:
9121:
9119:
9117:
9106:
9100:
9099:
9097:
9095:
9086:. Archived from
9080:
9074:
9073:
9052:
9046:
9045:
9033:
9027:
9026:
9024:
9022:
9011:
9005:
9004:
9002:
9000:
8991:. Archived from
8985:
8979:
8978:
8967:
8961:
8960:
8958:
8956:
8947:. Archived from
8936:
8930:
8929:
8917:
8911:
8910:
8908:
8906:
8892:
8886:
8885:
8883:
8881:
8866:
8860:
8859:
8857:
8855:
8840:
8831:
8829:
8827:
8825:
8816:. Archived from
8810:
8804:
8803:
8792:
8786:
8785:
8783:
8781:
8766:
8760:
8759:
8752:
8746:
8745:
8729:
8720:
8719:
8713:
8704:
8698:
8697:, 12 March 2005.
8688:
8682:
8681:, 18 April 2005.
8672:
8666:
8665:
8649:
8640:
8633:
8627:
8626:
8624:
8622:
8613:. Archived from
8607:
8601:
8600:
8585:
8579:
8578:
8568:
8520:
8514:
8513:
8511:
8509:
8494:
8488:
8487:
8459:
8453:
8452:
8442:
8402:
8396:
8385:
8376:
8375:
8373:
8371:
8360:
8354:
8353:
8327:
8318:
8312:
8311:
8309:
8307:
8296:"Victoria Falls"
8292:
8286:
8285:
8277:
8271:
8270:
8268:
8266:
8252:
8246:
8245:
8243:
8241:
8226:
8220:
8219:
8208:
8202:
8201:
8188:
8182:
8181:
8179:
8177:
8162:
8156:
8155:
8153:
8151:
8142:. Archived from
8132:
8126:
8125:
8123:
8121:
8116:. 25 August 2018
8106:
8100:
8099:
8097:
8095:
8090:. 24 August 2018
8088:www.sabcnews.com
8080:
8074:
8073:
8071:
8069:
8050:
8044:
8043:
8015:
8009:
8008:
8006:
8004:
7989:
7983:
7982:
7980:
7978:
7969:. Archived from
7958:
7952:
7951:
7949:
7947:
7932:
7923:
7922:
7920:
7918:
7903:
7897:
7896:
7894:
7892:
7877:
7871:
7870:
7868:
7866:
7851:
7845:
7844:
7842:
7840:
7831:
7823:
7817:
7816:
7814:
7812:
7798:
7792:
7791:
7789:
7787:
7772:
7766:
7765:
7764:. 23 April 2015.
7758:
7752:
7751:
7749:
7747:
7732:
7726:
7725:
7717:
7704:
7703:
7701:
7699:
7677:
7668:
7667:
7665:
7663:
7654:. Archived from
7643:
7637:
7636:
7634:
7632:
7613:
7607:
7606:
7604:
7602:
7596:
7590:. Archived from
7585:
7576:
7570:
7569:
7567:
7565:
7547:
7541:
7540:
7528:
7522:
7521:
7519:
7517:
7502:
7496:
7495:
7493:
7491:
7475:
7469:
7468:
7466:
7464:
7449:
7443:
7442:
7435:
7429:
7428:
7426:
7424:
7413:
7407:
7406:
7399:
7393:
7387:
7386:
7382:
7380:
7378:
7363:
7357:
7356:
7345:
7339:
7338:
7337:on 29 June 2007.
7323:
7317:
7316:
7310:
7302:
7296:
7295:
7293:
7291:
7276:
7270:
7269:
7265:
7259:
7251:
7242:
7241:
7230:
7224:
7223:
7221:
7219:
7202:
7196:
7195:
7184:
7178:
7177:
7175:
7173:
7158:
7152:
7151:
7140:
7134:
7133:
7131:
7129:
7113:
7107:
7106:
7104:
7102:
7087:
7081:
7080:
7078:
7076:
7061:
7055:
7054:
7052:
7050:
7035:
7029:
7028:
7026:
7024:
7009:
7003:
7002:
6994:
6988:
6987:
6985:
6983:
6974:. Archived from
6968:
6962:
6961:
6959:
6951:
6945:
6944:
6926:
6917:
6916:
6889:Meredith, Martin
6885:
6874:
6859:
6850:
6849:
6831:
6825:
6824:
6819:
6810:
6804:
6803:
6795:
6789:
6788:
6774:
6768:
6767:
6757:
6749:
6743:
6742:
6717:
6711:
6710:
6689:
6683:
6682:
6680:
6678:
6667:
6661:
6660:
6632:
6626:
6623:
6617:
6607:
6601:
6586:
6580:
6563:
6554:
6553:
6551:
6549:
6534:
6528:
6513:
6504:
6498:
6492:
6491:
6463:
6457:
6456:
6436:
6427:
6424:
6418:
6415:
6409:
6403:
6394:
6390:
6384:
6380:
6374:
6373:
6371:
6369:
6360:. Archived from
6350:
6341:
6340:
6338:
6336:
6331:on 30 April 2009
6312:
6306:
6303:
6297:
6282:
6276:
6270:
6259:
6258:
6256:
6254:
6231:
6225:
6224:
6216:
6210:
6209:
6191:
6182:
6181:
6179:
6177:
6168:. Archived from
6158:
6152:
6151:
6149:
6147:
6138:. Archived from
6128:
6122:
6121:
6119:
6117:
6103:
6097:
6096:
6094:
6092:
6077:
6071:
6070:
6044:
6012:
6003:
6002:
5991:
5985:
5984:
5962:
5953:
5952:
5930:
5919:
5918:
5902:
5889:
5883:
5882:
5854:
5848:
5847:
5837:
5828:
5822:
5821:
5819:
5817:
5802:
5796:
5795:
5793:
5791:
5773:
5767:
5766:
5764:
5762:
5748:
5742:
5741:
5734:
5728:
5727:
5725:
5723:
5704:
5698:
5697:
5695:
5693:
5678:
5669:
5668:
5655:
5649:
5648:
5646:
5644:
5625:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5614:
5603:
5597:
5596:
5594:
5592:
5573:
5560:
5559:
5557:
5555:
5541:
5535:
5534:
5532:
5530:
5520:
5514:
5513:
5492:
5486:
5485:
5483:
5475:
5464:
5463:
5461:
5459:
5453:
5447:. Archived from
5440:
5432:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5411:
5403:
5392:
5391:
5384:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5368:
5353:
5337:
5298:
5257:
5244:Northern Ndebele
5202:Rhodesian dollar
5176:National symbols
5074:Brisbane Broncos
5014:, martial arts,
4969:All-Africa Games
4959:and four at the
4680:Audius Mtawarira
4552:Catherine Buckle
4548:Charles Mungoshi
4275:Infant mortality
4216:mbira dzavadzimu
4078:Mashonaland West
4060:Mashonaland East
4042:Mashonaland West
3934:
3924:
3897:
3887:
3851:
3839:
3838:
3569:Bvumba Mountains
3378:(Botswana), the
3290:
3287:
3281:
3269:
3268:
3261:
3127:Mashonaland West
3115:Mashonaland East
3055:
3054:
2829:and Air Marshal
2798:The flag of the
2725:Arthur Mutambara
2267:the Commonwealth
2161:cholera outbreak
2039:; Fort Victoria/
1997:
1957:plenary sessions
1884:MarxistβLeninist
1789:before the name
1576:was raised over
1447:
1384:Pre-colonial era
1305:Karanga-speaking
1303:, "stone"). The
1281:dzimba-dza-mabwe
1219:presidential one
1211:general election
1078:, with English,
1068:Northern Ndebele
1025:Southeast Africa
1014:
1009:
1002:
1001:
1000:
999:
992:
989:
988:
985:
980:
979:
976:
973:
970:
967:
964:
961:
958:
955:
871:
829:
828:
822:
821:
815:
804:
803:
797:
796:
790:
774:
773:
755:
754:
738:
722:
721:
703:
702:
686:
647:16,868,409 (
543:11 November 1965
526:
337:0.01% not stated
319:
188:
187:
185:
184:
183:
178:
174:
171:
170:
169:
166:
151:and largest city
139:
130:
129:
94:
80:
63:
62:
19341:
19340:
19336:
19335:
19334:
19332:
19331:
19330:
19251:
19250:
19241:
19239:
19235:
19232:
19227:
19224:
19222:
19220:
19219:
19217:
19212:
19211:
19206:
19163:
19136:
19110:
19108:Ross Dependency
19097:
19054:
19039:
19014:
18966:
18951:
18921:
18916:
18872:
18867:Solomon Islands
18814:North Australia
18794:South Australia
18750:New South Wales
18728:
18725:
18688:
18408:Leeward Islands
18212:
18197:
18160:
18067:Muscat and Oman
17884:
17869:
17813:
17559:
17544:
17508:
17452:
17441:
17416:
17408:
17398:
17368:
17363:
17345:
17314:
17293:
17241:
17208:
17142:
17126:
17073:
17047:
16986:
16968:
16940:
16907:
16889:
16857:
16824:
16752:
16747:
16717:
16712:
16706:
16698:
16690:
16682:
16665:
16639:
16611:
16525:
16519:
16489:
16484:
16388:
16302:
16297:
16267:
16262:
16226:
16210:
16179:
16158:
16154:Pelagie Islands
16137:
16113:
16111:
16101:
16089:
16071:
16068:
16060:
16039:
16036:
16028:
16019:
15735:
15726:
15696:
15691:
15655:
15629:
15538:
15533:
15503:
15498:
15415:
15397:
15074:
15011:
15006:
14971:
14963:
14958:
14950:
14943:
14936:
14923:
14876:
14839:
14808:
14775:
14715:
14698:
14684:Public holidays
14617:
14546:
14446:
14380:
14344:
14244:First World War
14239:Second Boer War
14229:Shangani Patrol
14209:Rudd Concession
14181:
14147:
14138:
14061:
14041:
14015:Wayback Machine
14003:
13909:
13907:Further reading
13904:
13880:
13859:
13854:
13844:
13842:
13834:
13833:
13826:
13816:
13814:
13805:
13804:
13800:
13785:
13781:
13766:10.2307/3889033
13750:
13746:
13731:10.2307/3336358
13715:
13711:
13701:
13699:
13690:
13689:
13685:
13666:
13662:
13652:
13650:
13645:
13644:
13635:
13622:
13621:
13617:
13602:
13598:
13584:
13580:
13565:
13561:
13550:
13546:
13533:
13532:
13528:
13518:
13516:
13511:
13510:
13506:
13496:
13494:
13485:
13484:
13480:
13470:
13468:
13455:
13454:
13450:
13440:
13438:
13431:Hull Daily Mail
13425:
13424:
13420:
13410:
13408:
13397:
13393:
13383:
13381:
13372:
13371:
13367:
13357:
13355:
13346:
13345:
13341:
13331:
13329:
13320:
13319:
13315:
13304:
13300:
13289:
13285:
13275:
13273:
13267:"Men's Ranking"
13265:
13264:
13260:
13253:
13220:
13216:
13206:
13204:
13195:
13194:
13190:
13180:
13178:
13170:
13169:
13165:
13155:
13153:
13145:
13144:
13140:
13130:
13128:
13116:
13112:
13102:
13100:
13095:
13094:
13090:
13080:
13078:
13070:
13069:
13065:
13055:
13053:
13044:
13043:
13039:
13029:
13027:
13014:
13010:
12994:
12993:
12986:
12984:
12974:
12970:
12962:
12958:
12948:
12946:
12937:
12936:
12932:
12919:
12918:
12914:
12904:
12902:
12893:
12892:
12888:
12878:
12876:
12867:
12866:
12862:
12855:
12835:
12831:
12825:zimbabwe shona.
12821:
12803:
12799:
12789:
12787:
12779:
12778:
12774:
12737:
12733:
12696:
12683:
12673:
12671:
12658:
12657:
12653:
12643:
12641:
12628:
12627:
12616:
12606:
12604:
12591:
12590:
12579:
12569:
12567:
12558:
12557:
12550:
12540:
12538:
12537:. 19 April 2007
12529:
12528:
12524:
12514:
12512:
12505:
12501:
12488:
12487:
12483:
12468:
12464:
12459:on 11 May 2011.
12443:
12442:
12438:
12429:
12428:
12424:
12414:
12412:
12399:
12398:
12394:
12382:
12378:
12368:
12366:
12357:
12356:
12352:
12342:
12340:
12331:
12330:
12326:
12312:
12308:
12298:
12296:
12287:
12286:
12282:
12272:
12270:
12265:
12264:
12260:
12250:
12248:
12239:
12238:
12234:
12224:
12222:
12215:
12211:
12201:
12199:
12190:
12189:
12185:
12175:
12173:
12168:
12167:
12163:
12153:
12151:
12140:
12136:
12126:
12124:
12119:
12118:
12114:
12104:
12102:
12101:on 2 April 2015
12098:
12085:
12081:
12080:
12076:
12068:
12055:
12051:
12050:
12046:
12036:
12034:
12030:
12029:
12025:
12015:
12013:
12004:
12003:
11996:
11973:
11969:
11938:
11934:
11917:
11913:
11906:
11898:. GRIN Verlag.
11892:
11888:
11881:
11867:
11863:
11853:
11851:
11850:on 24 July 2011
11842:
11841:
11837:
11830:
11816:
11812:
11802:
11800:
11789:
11788:
11784:
11771:
11769:
11764:
11763:
11759:
11751:
11740:
11736:
11735:
11731:
11721:
11719:
11706:
11705:
11701:
11691:
11689:
11688:(in Portuguese)
11680:
11679:
11675:
11664:
11660:
11641:
11637:
11626:
11624:
11620:
11613:
11609:
11608:
11604:
11595:
11594:
11590:
11585:
11581:
11568:
11567:
11563:
11550:
11549:
11545:
11540:
11536:
11527:
11523:
11510:
11509:
11505:
11495:
11493:
11485:
11481:
11480:
11476:
11466:
11464:
11455:
11454:
11450:
11440:
11438:
11425:
11424:
11420:
11408:
11407:
11398:
11397:
11390:
11388:
11386:
11362:
11358:
11351:
11340:
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11294:
11283:
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11254:
11248:
11247:
11243:
11233:
11231:
11227:
11212:
11208:
11207:
11200:
11190:
11188:
11187:on 4 March 2015
11175:
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11037:
11033:
11023:
11021:
11011:
11007:
10999:
10986:
10982:
10981:
10977:
10970:The Sunday News
10964:
10963:
10959:
10949:
10947:
10932:
10928:
10918:
10914:
10904:
10902:
10895:www.icrisat.org
10889:
10888:
10884:
10869:
10865:
10856:
10852:
10842:
10840:
10827:
10826:
10822:
10810:Wayback Machine
10801:
10797:
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10197:
10189:
10185:
10175:
10173:
10160:
10159:
10155:
10140:
10136:
10126:
10124:
10123:on 29 June 2006
10111:
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10079:
10075:
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9951:
9947:
9941:Wayback Machine
9932:
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9583:
9579:
9569:
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9563:
9556:
9552:
9551:
9547:
9537:
9535:
9534:. 5 August 2020
9526:
9525:
9521:
9511:
9509:
9500:
9499:
9495:
9484:
9482:
9481:on 23 June 2008
9473:
9472:
9468:
9458:
9456:
9446:
9442:
9438:, 30 July 2009.
9428:
9421:
9411:
9409:
9399:
9395:
9385:
9383:
9374:
9373:
9369:
9363:Press Reference
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9093:
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9053:
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9034:
9030:
9020:
9018:
9013:
9012:
9008:
8998:
8996:
8987:
8986:
8982:
8977:. 28 July 2023.
8969:
8968:
8964:
8954:
8952:
8937:
8933:
8918:
8914:
8904:
8902:
8894:
8893:
8889:
8879:
8877:
8867:
8863:
8853:
8851:
8850:. 28 April 2008
8842:
8841:
8834:
8823:
8821:
8812:
8811:
8807:
8802:. 22 June 2008.
8794:
8793:
8789:
8779:
8777:
8776:. 31 March 2008
8768:
8767:
8763:
8754:
8753:
8749:
8738:The Independent
8730:
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8210:
8209:
8205:
8190:
8189:
8185:
8175:
8173:
8163:
8159:
8149:
8147:
8140:newzimbabwe.com
8134:
8133:
8129:
8119:
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8107:
8103:
8093:
8091:
8082:
8081:
8077:
8067:
8065:
8052:
8051:
8047:
8032:
8016:
8012:
8002:
8000:
7990:
7986:
7976:
7974:
7961:Gondo, Talent.
7959:
7955:
7945:
7943:
7934:
7933:
7926:
7916:
7914:
7905:
7904:
7900:
7890:
7888:
7879:
7878:
7874:
7864:
7862:
7852:
7848:
7838:
7836:
7824:
7820:
7810:
7808:
7800:
7799:
7795:
7785:
7783:
7773:
7769:
7760:
7759:
7755:
7745:
7743:
7742:. 7 August 2013
7734:
7733:
7729:
7718:
7707:
7697:
7695:
7679:
7678:
7671:
7661:
7659:
7644:
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7615:
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7610:
7600:
7598:
7594:
7583:
7577:
7573:
7563:
7561:
7548:
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7529:
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7515:
7513:
7504:
7503:
7499:
7489:
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7476:
7472:
7462:
7460:
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7446:
7437:
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7432:
7422:
7420:
7415:
7414:
7410:
7401:
7400:
7396:
7384:
7376:
7374:
7365:
7364:
7360:
7355:on 5 July 2008.
7347:
7346:
7342:
7325:
7324:
7320:
7308:
7304:
7303:
7299:
7289:
7287:
7277:
7273:
7267:
7257:
7253:
7252:
7245:
7240:. 3 April 2000.
7232:
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6129:
6125:
6115:
6113:
6105:
6104:
6100:
6090:
6088:
6079:
6078:
6074:
6021:Africa Spectrum
6013:
6006:
5993:
5992:
5988:
5981:
5963:
5956:
5949:
5931:
5922:
5915:
5890:
5886:
5855:
5851:
5835:
5829:
5825:
5815:
5813:
5804:
5803:
5799:
5789:
5787:
5775:
5774:
5770:
5760:
5758:
5750:
5749:
5745:
5736:
5735:
5731:
5721:
5719:
5718:on 19 July 2011
5708:"Zimbabwe Time"
5706:
5705:
5701:
5691:
5689:
5680:
5679:
5672:
5667:. 5 April 2024.
5657:
5656:
5652:
5642:
5640:
5627:
5626:
5622:
5612:
5610:
5605:
5604:
5600:
5590:
5588:
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5563:
5553:
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5543:
5542:
5538:
5528:
5526:
5522:
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5517:
5510:
5494:
5493:
5489:
5481:
5477:
5476:
5467:
5457:
5455:
5451:
5438:
5434:
5433:
5424:
5416:
5409:
5405:
5404:
5395:
5386:
5385:
5376:
5366:
5364:
5355:
5354:
5350:
5346:
5341:
5340:
5299:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5268:
5216:Balancing rocks
5198:Rhodesian pound
5178:
5093:
5063:Sydney Bulldogs
4955:, three at the
4953:Kirsty Coventry
4908:Rugby World Cup
4860:
4854:
4809:is served with
4758:mukaka wakakora
4688:
4672:Stella Chiweshe
4664:Oliver Mtukudzi
4611:African Stories
4597:'s first novel
4533:Dominic Benhura
4502:stone sculpture
4494:
4488:
4482:
4469:national anthem
4446:
4440:
4416:
4398:
4396:Gender equality
4321:
4315:
4242:
4228:
4158:
4152:
4121:Bantu languages
4116:
4110:
4105:
3935:
3929:
3925:
3898:
3892:
3888:
3856:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3836:
3739:
3726:
3721:
3715:
3698:
3692:
3642:
3636:
3623:
3617:
3538:British Airways
3499:
3493:
3472:
3455:
3450:
3419:
3413:
3291:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3270:
3266:
3259:
3253:
3213:Western nations
3209:
3156:Lupane District
3047:Zimbabwe has a
3035:
3023:Main articles:
3021:
2921:and residence,
2894:
2888:
2882:
2792:
2786:
2731:(MDC-T) led by
2685:
2668:of Parliament.
2627:
2615:Main articles:
2613:
2600:urban expansion
2518:white stinkwood
2514:forest Newtonia
2456:
2450:
2430:Zimbabwe has a
2428:
2416:
2410:
2390:Chirinda Forest
2300:
2294:
2191:Daily Telegraph
1995:
1984:
1953:Lancaster House
1910:Lord Carrington
1833:
1817:Main articles:
1815:
1775:Rhodesian Front
1706:1922 referendum
1634:Lake Tanganyika
1566:
1554:Main articles:
1552:
1546:succeeded him.
1414:Shona languages
1392:
1390:Bantu expansion
1386:
1381:
1375:
1265:
1263:Rhodesia (name)
1259:
1187:peace agreement
1165:. In 1965, the
1139:Rhodesia region
1137:demarcated the
1004:
995:
994:
982:
952:
948:
866:
854:
845:
826:
825:
824:
813:
802:high inequality
801:
800:
799:
788:
767:
748:
736:
715:
696:
680:
668:
658:
644:
627:
613:
592:
579:
566:
553:
540:
521:
508:
493:
464:
449:
434:
406:
395:
377:
348:
340:
314:
293:
283:
181:
179:
175:
172:
167:
164:
162:
160:
159:
158:
152:
144:
143:
124:
102:
101:
100:
95:
87:
86:
81:
68:
59:
52:
47:
46:
45:
44:
43:
42:
26:
12:
11:
5:
19339:
19329:
19328:
19323:
19318:
19313:
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19118:
19105:
19092:
19084:
19076:
19068:
19059:
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19038:
19037:
19030:
19019:
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19015:
19013:
19012:
19004:
18996:
18990:
18984:
18981:Willoughbyland
18978:
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18967:
18957:
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18835:
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18805:
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18724:
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18716:
18709:
18701:
18694:
18693:
18690:
18689:
18687:
18686:
18680:
18674:
18673:
18672:
18660:
18654:
18648:
18644:Virgin Islands
18640:
18634:
18626:
18620:
18614:
18611:South Carolina
18608:
18602:
18595:
18588:
18581:
18575:
18569:
18563:
18557:
18547:
18541:
18535:
18529:
18523:
18517:
18511:
18508:North Carolina
18505:
18499:
18493:
18487:
18481:
18475:
18469:
18463:
18457:
18451:
18445:
18442:Mosquito Coast
18439:
18431:
18425:
18424:
18423:
18411:
18405:
18398:
18392:
18386:
18380:
18374:
18371:Oregon Country
18364:
18360:Cayman Islands
18356:
18350:
18349:
18348:
18342:
18336:
18330:
18318:
18311:
18305:
18299:
18293:
18292:
18291:
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18274:
18266:
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18217:
18214:
18213:
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18199:
18198:
18196:
18195:
18189:
18180:
18165:
18162:
18161:
18159:
18158:
18152:
18149:Trucial States
18146:
18140:
18134:
18128:
18122:
18121:
18120:
18108:
18102:
18096:
18090:
18084:
18083:
18082:
18070:
18064:
18058:
18052:
18046:
18045:
18044:
18038:
18032:
18026:
18014:
18008:
18002:
17996:
17990:
17984:
17978:
17972:
17966:
17960:
17944:
17938:
17932:
17926:
17916:
17910:
17909:
17908:
17896:
17889:
17886:
17885:
17875:
17874:
17871:
17870:
17868:
17867:
17861:
17842:Self-governing
17839:
17825:
17818:
17815:
17814:
17812:
17811:
17805:
17799:
17793:
17785:
17779:
17773:
17767:
17761:
17755:
17749:
17743:
17737:
17731:
17725:
17719:
17711:
17705:
17699:
17693:
17687:
17681:
17675:
17669:
17663:
17657:
17651:
17645:
17635:
17629:
17623:
17617:
17614:Central Africa
17611:
17605:
17599:
17593:
17583:
17573:
17564:
17561:
17560:
17550:
17549:
17546:
17545:
17543:
17542:
17536:
17535:
17534:
17528:
17519:
17518:
17517:
17502:
17499:Ionian Islands
17496:
17490:
17482:
17476:
17470:
17457:
17454:
17453:
17443:
17442:
17440:
17439:
17433:
17427:
17422:
17419:
17413:
17410:
17409:
17402:British Empire
17397:
17396:
17389:
17382:
17374:
17365:
17364:
17362:
17361:
17350:
17347:
17346:
17344:
17343:
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17328:
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17320:
17316:
17315:
17313:
17312:
17307:
17301:
17299:
17295:
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17286:
17281:
17276:
17271:
17266:
17255:
17253:
17247:
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17234:
17229:
17224:
17218:
17216:
17210:
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17206:
17201:
17196:
17186:
17181:
17176:
17171:
17166:
17160:
17154:
17148:
17147:
17144:
17143:
17141:
17140:
17134:
17132:
17128:
17127:
17125:
17124:
17119:
17114:
17109:
17104:
17099:
17094:
17089:
17083:
17081:
17075:
17074:
17072:
17071:
17066:
17061:
17055:
17053:
17049:
17048:
17046:
17045:
17040:
17037:
17032:
17027:
17022:
17017:
17012:
17007:
17002:
16996:
16994:
16988:
16987:
16985:
16984:
16978:
16976:
16970:
16969:
16967:
16966:
16961:
16956:
16950:
16948:
16942:
16941:
16939:
16938:
16933:
16928:
16923:
16917:
16915:
16909:
16908:
16906:
16905:
16899:
16897:
16891:
16890:
16888:
16887:
16882:
16877:
16871:
16865:
16859:
16858:
16856:
16855:
16850:
16845:
16843:Extreme points
16840:
16834:
16832:
16826:
16825:
16823:
16822:
16821:
16820:
16815:
16803:
16798:
16793:
16788:
16783:
16781:Monrovia Group
16778:
16773:
16768:
16766:Pan-Africanism
16762:
16760:
16754:
16753:
16746:
16745:
16738:
16731:
16723:
16714:
16713:
16711:
16710:
16702:
16694:
16686:
16677:
16675:
16671:
16670:
16667:
16666:
16664:
16663:
16658:
16653:
16647:
16645:
16641:
16640:
16638:
16637:
16632:
16630:Levy Mwanawasa
16626:
16624:
16617:
16613:
16612:
16610:
16609:
16604:
16599:
16594:
16589:
16584:
16579:
16574:
16569:
16564:
16559:
16554:
16549:
16544:
16539:
16533:
16531:
16527:
16526:
16518:
16517:
16510:
16503:
16495:
16486:
16485:
16483:
16482:
16477:
16472:
16467:
16462:
16457:
16452:
16447:
16442:
16437:
16432:
16427:
16422:
16417:
16412:
16407:
16402:
16396:
16394:
16390:
16389:
16387:
16386:
16381:
16376:
16371:
16366:
16361:
16356:
16351:
16346:
16341:
16336:
16331:
16326:
16321:
16316:
16310:
16308:
16304:
16303:
16296:
16295:
16288:
16281:
16273:
16264:
16263:
16261:
16260:
16248:
16235:
16232:
16231:
16228:
16227:
16225:
16224:
16218:
16216:
16212:
16211:
16209:
16208:
16203:
16198:
16193:
16191:Canary Islands
16187:
16185:
16181:
16180:
16178:
16177:
16175:Savage Islands
16172:
16166:
16164:
16160:
16159:
16157:
16156:
16151:
16145:
16143:
16139:
16138:
16136:
16135:
16130:
16124:
16122:
16115:
16107:
16106:
16103:
16102:
16097:
16095:
16094:United Kingdom
16091:
16090:
16088:
16087:
16081:
16079:
16072:
16065:
16062:
16061:
16059:
16058:
16053:
16042:
16040:
16033:
16030:
16029:
16022:
16020:
16018:
16017:
16012:
16007:
16002:
15997:
15992:
15987:
15982:
15977:
15972:
15967:
15962:
15957:
15952:
15947:
15942:
15937:
15932:
15927:
15922:
15917:
15912:
15907:
15902:
15897:
15892:
15887:
15882:
15877:
15872:
15867:
15862:
15857:
15852:
15847:
15842:
15837:
15832:
15827:
15822:
15816:
15811:
15806:
15801:
15796:
15791:
15786:
15781:
15776:
15771:
15766:
15761:
15756:
15751:
15745:
15743:
15737:
15736:
15725:
15724:
15717:
15710:
15702:
15693:
15692:
15690:
15689:
15684:
15679:
15674:
15669:
15663:
15661:
15657:
15656:
15654:
15653:
15648:
15643:
15637:
15635:
15631:
15630:
15628:
15627:
15622:
15617:
15612:
15607:
15602:
15597:
15592:
15587:
15582:
15577:
15572:
15567:
15562:
15557:
15552:
15546:
15544:
15540:
15539:
15532:
15531:
15524:
15517:
15509:
15500:
15499:
15497:
15496:
15494:Victoria Falls
15491:
15486:
15481:
15476:
15471:
15466:
15461:
15456:
15451:
15446:
15441:
15436:
15431:
15425:
15423:
15421:Largest cities
15417:
15416:
15414:
15413:
15407:
15405:
15399:
15398:
15396:
15395:
15390:
15385:
15380:
15375:
15370:
15365:
15360:
15355:
15350:
15345:
15340:
15335:
15330:
15325:
15320:
15315:
15310:
15305:
15300:
15295:
15290:
15285:
15280:
15278:MhondoroβNgezi
15275:
15270:
15265:
15260:
15255:
15250:
15245:
15240:
15235:
15230:
15225:
15220:
15215:
15210:
15205:
15200:
15195:
15190:
15185:
15180:
15175:
15170:
15165:
15160:
15155:
15150:
15145:
15140:
15135:
15130:
15125:
15120:
15115:
15110:
15105:
15100:
15095:
15090:
15084:
15082:
15076:
15075:
15073:
15072:
15067:
15062:
15057:
15052:
15047:
15042:
15037:
15032:
15027:
15021:
15019:
15013:
15012:
15005:
15004:
14997:
14990:
14982:
14976:
14973:
14972:
14960:
14959:
14957:
14956:
14949:
14948:
14941:
14933:
14932:
14929:
14928:
14925:
14924:
14922:
14921:
14916:
14911:
14906:
14901:
14896:
14890:
14888:
14882:
14881:
14878:
14877:
14875:
14874:
14869:
14864:
14859:
14853:
14851:
14845:
14844:
14841:
14840:
14838:
14837:
14832:
14827:
14816:
14814:
14810:
14809:
14807:
14806:
14801:
14796:
14791:
14785:
14783:
14777:
14776:
14774:
14773:
14768:
14763:
14758:
14753:
14748:
14743:
14738:
14732:
14730:
14721:
14706:
14700:
14699:
14697:
14696:
14691:
14686:
14681:
14676:
14671:
14666:
14661:
14656:
14654:Child marriage
14651:
14646:
14641:
14635:
14629:
14623:
14622:
14619:
14618:
14616:
14615:
14613:Transportation
14610:
14605:
14600:
14598:Stock exchange
14595:
14590:
14585:
14580:
14575:
14570:
14564:
14558:
14552:
14551:
14548:
14547:
14545:
14544:
14539:
14534:
14532:Prime Minister
14529:
14528:
14527:
14525:Vice-President
14517:
14515:Heads of State
14512:
14507:
14502:
14497:
14492:
14491:
14490:
14480:
14475:
14470:
14464:
14458:
14452:
14451:
14448:
14447:
14445:
14444:
14439:
14434:
14429:
14424:
14419:
14417:Great Zimbabwe
14414:
14409:
14404:
14398:
14392:
14386:
14385:
14382:
14381:
14379:
14378:
14373:
14368:
14363:
14358:
14356:Constitutional
14352:
14350:
14346:
14345:
14343:
14342:
14337:
14332:
14327:
14322:
14317:
14316:
14315:
14310:
14305:
14300:
14295:
14290:
14285:
14275:
14274:
14273:
14268:
14263:
14258:
14248:
14247:
14246:
14241:
14236:
14231:
14226:
14221:
14219:Pioneer Column
14211:
14206:
14200:
14198:
14189:
14183:
14182:
14152:
14149:
14148:
14137:
14136:
14129:
14122:
14114:
14108:
14107:
14102:
14093:
14084:
14068:
14058:
14049:
14023:
14018:
14002:
14001:External links
13999:
13998:
13997:
13994:
13983:
13968:
13954:
13950:Berghahn Books
13941:
13934:
13925:
13908:
13905:
13903:
13902:
13884:
13878:
13860:
13858:
13855:
13853:
13852:
13824:
13798:
13779:
13744:
13709:
13683:
13660:
13633:
13615:
13596:
13594:, 28 May 2010.
13578:
13559:
13544:
13526:
13504:
13478:
13461:Zimbabwe Today
13448:
13418:
13391:
13380:on 6 June 2007
13365:
13339:
13313:
13298:
13283:
13258:
13252:978-1598846652
13251:
13214:
13188:
13163:
13138:
13110:
13088:
13063:
13037:
13008:
12968:
12956:
12930:
12912:
12901:. 6 March 2019
12886:
12860:
12853:
12829:
12819:
12797:
12785:www.unaids.org
12772:
12751:(2): 235β251.
12731:
12681:
12651:
12614:
12577:
12548:
12522:
12499:
12481:
12462:
12436:
12422:
12392:
12390:. 9 March 2009
12376:
12350:
12324:
12306:
12280:
12258:
12232:
12209:
12183:
12161:
12134:
12112:
12074:
12044:
12023:
11994:
11967:
11948:(2): 223β239.
11932:
11911:
11904:
11886:
11879:
11861:
11835:
11828:
11822:. Bloomsbury.
11810:
11782:
11757:
11729:
11699:
11673:
11658:
11635:
11602:
11588:
11579:
11561:
11556:Deutsche Welle
11543:
11534:
11521:
11518:. 21 May 2020.
11503:
11474:
11448:
11418:
11409:|website=
11384:
11356:
11349:
11318:
11311:
11281:
11267:
11241:
11198:
11168:
11146:
11116:
11088:
11062:
11031:
11005:
10975:
10957:
10926:
10912:
10882:
10863:
10850:
10839:on 17 May 2015
10820:
10795:
10769:
10753:
10742:on 11 May 2011
10722:
10694:
10668:
10641:
10614:
10603:on 11 May 2011
10584:
10566:
10544:
10531:The World Bank
10507:
10481:
10455:
10441:
10415:
10385:
10363:
10352:. 12 July 2007
10337:
10309:
10279:
10253:
10226:
10195:
10183:
10153:
10134:
10104:
10097:
10073:
10062:on 2 June 2010
10043:
10002:
9983:
9957:
9945:
9926:
9895:
9858:
9847:on 25 May 2010
9832:
9803:
9775:
9745:
9720:
9673:
9641:
9609:
9577:
9545:
9519:
9508:. 24 July 2020
9493:
9466:
9440:
9419:
9393:
9367:
9352:
9330:
9304:
9299:news.bbc.co.uk
9286:
9248:
9239:
9213:
9184:
9157:(4): 898β920.
9141:
9123:
9101:
9075:
9068:
9047:
9028:
9006:
8980:
8962:
8931:
8912:
8887:
8861:
8832:
8805:
8787:
8761:
8747:
8721:
8699:
8683:
8667:
8641:
8628:
8602:
8580:
8515:
8489:
8454:
8417:(6): 534β545.
8397:
8377:
8355:
8313:
8287:
8272:
8247:
8221:
8203:
8183:
8157:
8127:
8101:
8075:
8045:
8030:
8010:
7984:
7953:
7924:
7898:
7872:
7846:
7818:
7793:
7767:
7753:
7727:
7705:
7669:
7638:
7608:
7571:
7542:
7523:
7497:
7470:
7444:
7430:
7408:
7394:
7358:
7340:
7318:
7297:
7271:
7243:
7225:
7214:. 20 July 2015
7197:
7192:infoplease.com
7179:
7153:
7135:
7108:
7082:
7056:
7030:
7004:
6989:
6963:
6946:
6939:
6918:
6911:
6875:
6851:
6841:Africa Insight
6826:
6805:
6790:
6769:
6744:
6737:
6712:
6705:
6697:Bitter Harvest
6684:
6662:
6643:(2): 227β248.
6627:
6618:
6602:
6581:
6555:
6529:
6505:
6493:
6480:10.2307/219092
6474:(3): 557β588.
6458:
6428:
6419:
6410:
6395:
6385:
6375:
6342:
6307:
6298:
6277:
6260:
6246:
6226:
6211:
6204:
6183:
6153:
6142:on 2 July 2016
6123:
6098:
6072:
6004:
5986:
5979:
5954:
5948:978-1844721238
5947:
5920:
5913:
5893:Garlake, Peter
5884:
5865:(4): 391β408.
5849:
5823:
5797:
5768:
5743:
5729:
5699:
5670:
5650:
5620:
5598:
5561:
5536:
5515:
5508:
5487:
5465:
5422:
5393:
5374:
5347:
5345:
5342:
5339:
5338:
5310:Pound sterling
5292:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5279:
5274:
5267:
5264:
5206:bateleur eagle
5177:
5174:
5149:The Zimbabwean
5092:
5089:
4935:Brendan Taylor
4856:Main article:
4853:
4850:
4687:
4684:
4660:Thomas Mapfumo
4575:Bitter Harvest
4486:Zimbabwean art
4484:Main article:
4481:
4478:
4465:Rufaro Stadium
4442:Main article:
4439:
4436:
4397:
4394:
4379:Chenjerai Hove
4367:Mount Pleasant
4317:Main article:
4314:
4311:
4227:
4224:
4193:Roman Catholic
4154:Main article:
4151:
4148:
4112:Main article:
4109:
4106:
4102:
4101:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4066:
4065:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4048:
4047:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4030:
4029:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4012:
4011:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3994:
3993:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3976:
3975:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3958:
3957:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3940:
3939:
3918:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3902:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3853:
3848:
3845:
3842:
3837:
3835:
3834:Largest cities
3832:
3738:
3735:
3731:United Nations
3725:
3722:
3717:Main article:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3709:
3704:
3694:Main article:
3691:
3690:Transportation
3688:
3672:The country's
3638:Main article:
3635:
3632:
3619:Main article:
3616:
3613:
3565:Mount Nyangani
3506:Victoria Falls
3495:Main article:
3492:
3489:
3468:Main article:
3454:
3451:
3415:Main article:
3412:
3409:
3384:pound sterling
3356:hyperinflation
3293:
3292:
3273:
3271:
3264:
3255:Main article:
3252:
3249:
3208:
3205:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3141:
3135:
3134:
3129:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3093:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3020:
3017:
2884:Main article:
2881:
2878:
2827:Solomon Mujuru
2788:Main article:
2785:
2782:
2684:
2681:
2612:
2609:
2452:Main article:
2449:
2446:
2427:
2424:
2412:Main article:
2409:
2406:
2398:Victoria Falls
2371:Mount Nyangani
2345:to the south,
2296:Main article:
2293:
2290:
2251:Nelson Chamisa
2197:one party rule
1983:
1980:
1976:Prince Charles
1943:Following the
1814:
1811:
1759:decolonisation
1702:British colony
1699:self-governing
1610:Pioneer Column
1578:Fort Salisbury
1551:
1548:
1431:Great Zimbabwe
1423:Arab merchants
1400:Great Zimbabwe
1385:
1382:
1377:Main article:
1374:
1371:
1273:Great Zimbabwe
1258:
1255:
1231:hyperinflation
1209:party won the
1115:Great Zimbabwe
1088:United Nations
1039:to the south,
1035:, bordered by
1033:Limpopo Rivers
1027:, between the
1008:pronunciation:
932:
931:
926:
920:
919:
914:
908:
907:
902:
896:
895:
892:
886:
885:
882:
878:
877:
864:
860:
859:
840:
836:
835:
816:
806:
805:
791:
781:
780:
768:
765:
762:
761:
749:
746:
743:
742:
739:
729:
728:
716:
713:
710:
709:
697:
694:
691:
690:
687:
673:
672:
669:
667:β’ Density
666:
663:
662:
659:
656:
653:
652:
645:
642:
639:
638:
632:
631:
628:
625:
622:
621:
614:
611:
608:
607:
601:
600:
597:
596:
593:
587:
584:
583:
580:
574:
571:
570:
567:
561:
558:
557:
554:
548:
545:
544:
541:
535:
532:
531:
528:
527:
524:United Kingdom
515:
514:
509:
503:
500:
499:
494:
488:
485:
484:
479:
475:
474:
471:
470:
465:
459:
456:
455:
450:
444:
441:
440:
435:
429:
426:
425:
422:
421:
415:
409:
408:
403:
397:
396:
394:
393:
390:
384:
378:
376:
375:
374:
373:
367:
354:
351:
349:
346:
342:
341:
339:
338:
335:
332:
326:
320:
312:
296:
294:
291:
285:
284:
282:
281:
276:
271:
266:
261:
256:
251:
246:
241:
236:
231:
226:
221:
216:
211:
206:
200:
194:
190:
189:
153:
150:
146:
145:
141:
140:
132:
131:
112:
111:
104:
103:
96:
89:
88:
82:
75:
74:
73:
70:
69:
66:
50:
28:
22:
19:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
19338:
19327:
19324:
19322:
19319:
19317:
19314:
19312:
19309:
19307:
19304:
19302:
19299:
19297:
19294:
19292:
19289:
19287:
19284:
19282:
19279:
19277:
19274:
19272:
19269:
19267:
19264:
19262:
19259:
19258:
19256:
19249:
19246:
19203:
19199:
19195:
19193:
19185:
19182:
19179:
19177:
19174:
19173:
19170:
19159:
19156:
19152:
19149:
19148:
19143:
19142:
19139:
19132:
19131:
19127:
19124:
19123:
19119:
19114:
19109:
19106:
19101:
19096:
19093:
19090:
19089:
19085:
19082:
19081:
19077:
19074:
19073:
19069:
19066:
19065:
19061:
19060:
19057:
19050:
19046:
19035:
19034:Falklands War
19031:
19029:
19025:
19021:
19020:
19017:
19010:
19009:
19005:
19002:
19001:
18997:
18994:
18991:
18988:
18985:
18982:
18979:
18976:
18973:
18972:
18969:
18965:South America
18962:
18958:
18948:
18944:
18940:
18938:
18934:
18932:
18928:
18927:
18924:
18912:
18909:
18906:
18903:
18900:
18896:
18893:
18889:
18886:
18883:
18880:
18877:
18876:
18874:
18868:
18864:
18861:
18858:
18855:
18854:Union Islands
18852:
18849:
18845:
18842:
18839:
18836:
18833:
18830:
18827:
18824:
18821:
18818:
18815:
18812:
18809:
18806:
18803:
18802:
18798:
18795:
18792:
18789:
18785:
18782:
18779:
18776:
18773:
18770:
18767:
18764:
18761:
18757:
18754:
18751:
18748:
18747:
18745:
18744:
18740:
18737:
18736:
18731:
18722:
18717:
18715:
18710:
18708:
18703:
18702:
18699:
18695:
18684:
18681:
18678:
18675:
18670:
18667:
18666:
18664:
18661:
18658:
18655:
18652:
18649:
18646:
18645:
18641:
18638:
18635:
18632:
18631:
18627:
18624:
18621:
18618:
18615:
18612:
18609:
18606:
18603:
18600:
18596:
18593:
18589:
18586:
18582:
18579:
18576:
18573:
18570:
18567:
18566:Rupert's Land
18564:
18561:
18558:
18555:
18551:
18548:
18545:
18542:
18539:
18536:
18533:
18530:
18527:
18526:Paulet affair
18524:
18521:
18518:
18515:
18512:
18509:
18506:
18503:
18500:
18497:
18494:
18491:
18488:
18485:
18482:
18479:
18476:
18473:
18472:New Hampshire
18470:
18467:
18464:
18461:
18460:New Brunswick
18458:
18455:
18452:
18449:
18446:
18443:
18440:
18437:
18436:
18432:
18429:
18426:
18421:
18418:
18417:
18415:
18412:
18409:
18406:
18403:
18399:
18396:
18393:
18390:
18387:
18384:
18381:
18378:
18375:
18372:
18368:
18365:
18362:
18361:
18357:
18354:
18351:
18346:
18343:
18340:
18337:
18334:
18331:
18328:
18325:
18324:
18323:
18319:
18316:
18312:
18309:
18306:
18303:
18300:
18297:
18294:
18290:
18287:
18286:
18284:
18281:
18278:
18275:
18272:
18271:
18267:
18264:
18260:
18257:
18254:
18251:
18248:
18245:
18241:
18238:
18234:
18231:
18227:
18224:
18223:
18219:
18218:
18215:
18211:North America
18208:
18204:
18194:
18190:
18188:
18184:
18181:
18179:
18175:
18171:
18167:
18166:
18163:
18156:
18153:
18150:
18147:
18144:
18141:
18138:
18135:
18132:
18131:South Vietnam
18129:
18126:
18123:
18118:
18115:
18114:
18112:
18109:
18106:
18103:
18100:
18097:
18094:
18091:
18088:
18085:
18080:
18077:
18076:
18074:
18071:
18068:
18065:
18062:
18059:
18056:
18053:
18050:
18047:
18042:
18039:
18036:
18033:
18030:
18027:
18024:
18021:
18020:
18018:
18015:
18012:
18009:
18006:
18003:
18000:
17997:
17994:
17991:
17988:
17985:
17982:
17979:
17976:
17973:
17970:
17967:
17964:
17961:
17958:
17954:
17950:
17949:
17945:
17942:
17939:
17936:
17933:
17930:
17927:
17924:
17920:
17917:
17914:
17911:
17906:
17903:
17902:
17900:
17897:
17894:
17891:
17890:
17887:
17880:
17876:
17866:
17862:
17859:
17855:
17851:
17847:
17843:
17840:
17837:
17833:
17829:
17826:
17824:
17820:
17819:
17816:
17809:
17806:
17803:
17800:
17797:
17794:
17791:
17790:
17786:
17783:
17780:
17777:
17774:
17771:
17768:
17765:
17762:
17759:
17756:
17753:
17750:
17747:
17744:
17741:
17738:
17735:
17732:
17729:
17726:
17723:
17720:
17717:
17716:
17712:
17709:
17706:
17703:
17700:
17697:
17694:
17691:
17688:
17685:
17682:
17679:
17676:
17673:
17670:
17667:
17664:
17661:
17658:
17655:
17652:
17649:
17646:
17643:
17639:
17636:
17633:
17630:
17627:
17624:
17621:
17618:
17615:
17612:
17609:
17606:
17603:
17600:
17597:
17594:
17591:
17587:
17584:
17581:
17577:
17574:
17571:
17570:
17566:
17565:
17562:
17555:
17551:
17540:
17537:
17532:
17529:
17526:
17523:
17522:
17520:
17515:
17512:
17511:
17506:
17503:
17500:
17497:
17494:
17491:
17488:
17487:
17483:
17480:
17477:
17474:
17471:
17468:
17464:
17463:
17459:
17458:
17455:
17448:
17444:
17438:
17434:
17432:
17428:
17426:
17423:
17420:
17415:
17414:
17411:
17407:
17403:
17395:
17390:
17388:
17383:
17381:
17376:
17375:
17372:
17360:
17352:
17351:
17348:
17342:
17339:
17337:
17334:
17332:
17329:
17327:
17324:
17323:
17321:
17317:
17311:
17308:
17306:
17303:
17302:
17300:
17296:
17290:
17287:
17285:
17282:
17280:
17277:
17275:
17272:
17270:
17267:
17264:
17263:Gold standard
17260:
17257:
17256:
17254:
17252:
17248:
17238:
17235:
17233:
17230:
17228:
17225:
17223:
17220:
17219:
17217:
17215:
17211:
17205:
17202:
17200:
17197:
17194:
17190:
17187:
17185:
17182:
17180:
17177:
17175:
17172:
17170:
17167:
17165:
17162:
17161:
17158:
17155:
17153:
17149:
17139:
17136:
17135:
17133:
17129:
17123:
17120:
17118:
17115:
17113:
17110:
17108:
17105:
17103:
17100:
17098:
17095:
17093:
17090:
17088:
17085:
17084:
17082:
17080:
17076:
17070:
17067:
17065:
17062:
17060:
17057:
17056:
17054:
17050:
17044:
17041:
17038:
17036:
17033:
17031:
17028:
17026:
17023:
17021:
17018:
17016:
17013:
17011:
17008:
17006:
17003:
17001:
16998:
16997:
16995:
16993:
16989:
16983:
16980:
16979:
16977:
16975:
16971:
16965:
16962:
16960:
16957:
16955:
16952:
16951:
16949:
16947:
16943:
16937:
16936:2025 election
16934:
16932:
16929:
16927:
16924:
16922:
16919:
16918:
16916:
16914:
16910:
16904:
16901:
16900:
16898:
16896:
16892:
16886:
16883:
16881:
16878:
16876:
16873:
16872:
16869:
16866:
16864:
16860:
16854:
16851:
16849:
16848:Member states
16846:
16844:
16841:
16839:
16836:
16835:
16833:
16831:
16827:
16819:
16816:
16814:
16811:
16810:
16809:
16808:
16804:
16802:
16799:
16797:
16794:
16792:
16789:
16787:
16784:
16782:
16779:
16777:
16774:
16772:
16769:
16767:
16764:
16763:
16761:
16759:
16755:
16751:
16750:African Union
16744:
16739:
16737:
16732:
16730:
16725:
16724:
16721:
16709:
16703:
16701:
16695:
16693:
16687:
16685:
16679:
16678:
16676:
16672:
16662:
16661:Tomaz SalomΓ£o
16659:
16657:
16656:Prega Ramsamy
16654:
16652:
16651:Kaire Mbuende
16649:
16648:
16646:
16642:
16636:
16633:
16631:
16628:
16627:
16625:
16621:
16618:
16614:
16608:
16605:
16603:
16600:
16598:
16595:
16593:
16590:
16588:
16585:
16583:
16580:
16578:
16575:
16573:
16570:
16568:
16565:
16563:
16560:
16558:
16555:
16553:
16550:
16548:
16545:
16543:
16540:
16538:
16535:
16534:
16532:
16530:Member states
16528:
16523:
16516:
16511:
16509:
16504:
16502:
16497:
16496:
16493:
16481:
16478:
16476:
16473:
16471:
16468:
16466:
16463:
16461:
16458:
16456:
16453:
16451:
16448:
16446:
16443:
16441:
16438:
16436:
16433:
16431:
16428:
16426:
16423:
16421:
16418:
16416:
16413:
16411:
16408:
16406:
16403:
16401:
16398:
16397:
16395:
16391:
16385:
16382:
16380:
16377:
16375:
16372:
16370:
16367:
16365:
16362:
16360:
16357:
16355:
16352:
16350:
16347:
16345:
16342:
16340:
16337:
16335:
16332:
16330:
16327:
16325:
16322:
16320:
16317:
16315:
16312:
16311:
16309:
16305:
16301:
16294:
16289:
16287:
16282:
16280:
16275:
16274:
16271:
16259:
16258:
16257:Africa portal
16253:
16249:
16247:
16246:
16237:
16236:
16233:
16223:
16220:
16219:
16217:
16213:
16207:
16204:
16202:
16199:
16197:
16194:
16192:
16189:
16188:
16186:
16182:
16176:
16173:
16171:
16168:
16167:
16165:
16161:
16155:
16152:
16150:
16147:
16146:
16144:
16140:
16134:
16131:
16129:
16126:
16125:
16123:
16119:
16116:
16112:fully part of
16108:
16100:
16096:
16092:
16086:
16083:
16082:
16080:
16076:
16073:
16070:
16063:
16057:
16054:
16051:
16047:
16044:
16043:
16041:
16038:
16031:
16026:
16016:
16013:
16011:
16008:
16006:
16003:
16001:
15998:
15996:
15993:
15991:
15988:
15986:
15983:
15981:
15978:
15976:
15973:
15971:
15968:
15966:
15963:
15961:
15958:
15956:
15953:
15951:
15948:
15946:
15943:
15941:
15938:
15936:
15933:
15931:
15928:
15926:
15923:
15921:
15918:
15916:
15913:
15911:
15908:
15906:
15903:
15901:
15898:
15896:
15893:
15891:
15888:
15886:
15883:
15881:
15878:
15876:
15873:
15871:
15868:
15866:
15865:Guinea-Bissau
15863:
15861:
15858:
15856:
15853:
15851:
15848:
15846:
15843:
15841:
15838:
15836:
15833:
15831:
15828:
15826:
15823:
15820:
15817:
15815:
15812:
15810:
15807:
15805:
15802:
15800:
15797:
15795:
15792:
15790:
15787:
15785:
15782:
15780:
15777:
15775:
15772:
15770:
15767:
15765:
15762:
15760:
15757:
15755:
15752:
15750:
15747:
15746:
15744:
15742:
15738:
15734:
15730:
15723:
15718:
15716:
15711:
15709:
15704:
15703:
15700:
15688:
15685:
15683:
15680:
15678:
15675:
15673:
15670:
15668:
15665:
15664:
15662:
15658:
15652:
15649:
15647:
15644:
15642:
15639:
15638:
15636:
15632:
15626:
15625:Zimbabwe Sign
15623:
15621:
15618:
15616:
15613:
15611:
15608:
15606:
15603:
15601:
15598:
15596:
15593:
15591:
15588:
15586:
15583:
15581:
15578:
15576:
15573:
15571:
15568:
15566:
15563:
15561:
15558:
15556:
15553:
15551:
15548:
15547:
15545:
15541:
15537:
15530:
15525:
15523:
15518:
15516:
15511:
15510:
15507:
15495:
15492:
15490:
15487:
15485:
15482:
15480:
15477:
15475:
15472:
15470:
15467:
15465:
15462:
15460:
15457:
15455:
15452:
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15447:
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15442:
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15432:
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15427:
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15422:
15418:
15412:
15409:
15408:
15406:
15404:
15400:
15394:
15391:
15389:
15386:
15384:
15381:
15379:
15376:
15374:
15371:
15369:
15366:
15364:
15361:
15359:
15356:
15354:
15351:
15349:
15346:
15344:
15341:
15339:
15336:
15334:
15331:
15329:
15326:
15324:
15321:
15319:
15316:
15314:
15311:
15309:
15306:
15304:
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15299:
15296:
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15289:
15286:
15284:
15281:
15279:
15276:
15274:
15271:
15269:
15266:
15264:
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15259:
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15254:
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15246:
15244:
15241:
15239:
15236:
15234:
15231:
15229:
15226:
15224:
15221:
15219:
15216:
15214:
15211:
15209:
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15199:
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15194:
15191:
15189:
15186:
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15159:
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15121:
15119:
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15114:
15111:
15109:
15106:
15104:
15101:
15099:
15096:
15094:
15091:
15089:
15086:
15085:
15083:
15081:
15077:
15071:
15068:
15066:
15063:
15061:
15058:
15056:
15053:
15051:
15048:
15046:
15043:
15041:
15038:
15036:
15033:
15031:
15028:
15026:
15023:
15022:
15020:
15018:
15014:
15010:
15003:
14998:
14996:
14991:
14989:
14984:
14983:
14980:
14974:
14967:
14955:
14952:
14951:
14946:
14942:
14939:
14935:
14934:
14930:
14920:
14917:
14915:
14912:
14910:
14907:
14905:
14902:
14900:
14897:
14895:
14892:
14891:
14889:
14887:
14883:
14873:
14870:
14868:
14865:
14863:
14860:
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14854:
14852:
14850:
14846:
14836:
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14828:
14825:
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14811:
14805:
14802:
14800:
14797:
14795:
14792:
14790:
14787:
14786:
14784:
14782:
14778:
14772:
14769:
14767:
14764:
14762:
14759:
14757:
14754:
14752:
14749:
14747:
14744:
14742:
14739:
14737:
14734:
14733:
14731:
14729:
14725:
14722:
14719:
14714:
14713:Ethnic groups
14710:
14707:
14705:
14701:
14695:
14692:
14690:
14687:
14685:
14682:
14680:
14677:
14675:
14672:
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14662:
14660:
14657:
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14647:
14645:
14642:
14640:
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14630:
14628:
14624:
14614:
14611:
14609:
14606:
14604:
14601:
14599:
14596:
14594:
14593:Zimbabwe Gold
14591:
14589:
14586:
14584:
14581:
14579:
14576:
14574:
14571:
14569:
14566:
14565:
14562:
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14197:
14193:
14190:
14188:
14184:
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14176:
14172:
14168:
14165:; 1965β1979:
14164:
14161:; 1953β1963:
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14157:; 1923β1980:
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13541:. 7 May 2003.
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13328:on 9 May 2006
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13293:"World Rugby"
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13235:Falola, Toyin
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13099:. Zambuko.com
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12476:AllAfrica.com
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12247:on 6 May 2009
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11364:WIPO (2022).
11360:
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10655:Chatham House
10652:
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10350:The Economist
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10215:on 4 May 2011
10214:
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9708:
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9700:
9696:
9693:(2): 95β120.
9692:
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9056:Godwin, Peter
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8820:on 2 May 2008
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7722:The Telegraph
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7685:The Economist
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7588:Freedom House
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7390:public domain
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7268:(175 KB)
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6760:The Telegraph
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6544:. 1 June 1979
6543:
6539:
6538:"On This Day"
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6445:History Today
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6085:Trad Magazine
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5971:Peter Lang AG
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5812:on 3 May 2011
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5318:Botswana pula
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5190:Zimbabwe Bird
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5132:The Chronicle
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5021:
5017:
5013:
5009:
5006:, as well as
5005:
5001:
4996:
4994:
4990:
4986:
4982:
4978:
4974:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4943:
4938:
4936:
4932:
4928:
4924:
4920:
4915:
4911:
4909:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4895:
4891:
4887:
4883:
4879:
4872:
4868:
4864:
4859:
4849:
4847:
4843:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4827:
4822:
4820:
4814:
4812:
4808:
4804:
4803:
4795:
4794:
4788:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4775:
4771:
4767:
4763:
4759:
4755:
4751:
4747:
4746:spring greens
4743:
4738:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4723:, as well as
4722:
4718:
4717:
4712:
4704:
4700:
4697:
4692:
4683:
4681:
4677:
4676:Alick Macheso
4673:
4669:
4665:
4661:
4656:
4654:
4653:
4648:
4644:
4643:Robert Mugabe
4640:
4636:
4635:
4630:
4626:
4622:
4621:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4607:
4602:
4601:
4596:
4595:Doris Lessing
4592:
4588:
4584:
4583:
4578:
4576:
4571:
4570:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4556:African Tears
4553:
4549:
4544:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4507:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4487:
4477:
4475:
4472:pageant, the
4470:
4466:
4462:
4457:
4450:
4445:
4435:
4433:
4429:
4425:
4420:
4415:
4411:
4407:
4403:
4393:
4391:
4386:
4382:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4364:
4359:
4357:
4353:
4347:
4343:
4341:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4320:
4310:
4303:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4279:
4276:
4270:
4263:
4258:
4251:
4246:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4223:
4221:
4220:lamellophones
4217:
4213:
4209:
4204:
4202:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4157:
4147:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4122:
4115:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4014:
4013:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3996:
3995:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3960:
3959:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
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3941:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
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3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3878:
3875:
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3870:
3868:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3840:
3831:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3757:
3753:
3743:
3737:Ethnic groups
3734:
3732:
3720:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3687:
3683:
3680:
3675:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3656:
3646:
3641:
3631:
3628:
3622:
3612:
3610:
3605:
3601:
3597:
3593:
3589:
3584:
3583:can be seen.
3582:
3578:
3574:
3570:
3566:
3561:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3545:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3522:
3519:
3511:
3507:
3503:
3498:
3488:
3485:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3463:
3459:
3449:
3448:Kamativi mine
3444:
3442:
3437:
3435:
3430:
3428:
3424:
3418:
3408:
3405:
3399:
3397:
3393:
3392:John Mangudya
3389:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3352:
3350:
3345:
3337:
3333:
3327:
3326:Mbare, Harare
3322:
3318:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3299:
3289:
3277:
3272:
3263:
3262:
3258:
3248:
3246:
3245:SADC Tribunal
3241:
3237:
3233:
3229:
3224:
3222:
3216:
3214:
3204:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3189:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3145:
3144:Masvingo city
3142:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3043:
3039:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3001:
2996:
2993:
2989:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2969:
2968:
2963:
2959:
2956:
2950:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2938:homosexuality
2934:
2932:
2928:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2907:
2906:Robert Mugabe
2903:
2898:
2893:
2887:
2877:
2875:
2870:
2866:
2861:
2858:
2854:
2849:
2847:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2832:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2809:(ZANLA), the
2808:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2781:
2779:
2775:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2759:
2757:
2752:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2737:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2714:
2709:
2705:
2703:
2702:Jonathan Moyo
2699:
2695:
2691:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2669:
2667:
2666:lower chamber
2663:
2659:
2655:
2654:upper chamber
2651:
2647:
2643:
2635:
2631:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2608:
2606:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2589:
2585:
2584:Deforestation
2580:
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2510:strangler fig
2507:
2503:
2499:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2472:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2445:
2442:
2438:
2433:
2423:
2421:
2415:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2394:Mount Selinda
2391:
2387:
2383:
2380:, Troutbeck,
2379:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2319:
2313:
2309:
2308:Zambezi River
2304:
2299:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2282:carbon offset
2279:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2263:
2259:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2210:In July 2016
2208:
2206:
2202:
2201:The Economist
2198:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2186:
2185:The Economist
2181:
2177:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2165:Freedom House
2162:
2154:
2153:Robert Mugabe
2149:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2131:along with a
2130:
2121:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2059:
2058:Fifth Brigade
2055:
2051:
2050:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2015:
2014:Samora Machel
2011:
2010:head of state
2007:
2006:Canaan Banana
2003:
1993:
1988:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1918:Abel Muzorewa
1911:
1908:
1904:
1903:Abel Muzorewa
1899:
1895:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1853:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1747:
1746:minority rule
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1700:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1654:
1646:
1641:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1602:royal charter
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1579:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1547:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1507:warriors and
1506:
1503:
1499:
1496:. When Dutch
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1443:
1440:By 1220, the
1438:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1418:Limpopo River
1415:
1410:
1408:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1380:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1313:Peter Garlake
1310:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1264:
1254:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1223:authoritarian
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1199:Robert Mugabe
1196:
1194:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1179:guerrilla war
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1129:empires. The
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1101:
1097:
1096:African Union
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1007:
998:
991:
946:
938:
930:
927:
925:
921:
918:
915:
913:
912:ISO 3166 code
909:
906:
903:
901:
897:
893:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
869:
865:
861:
857:
852:
848:
844:
843:Zimbabwe Gold
841:
837:
833:
817:
811:
807:
792:
786:
782:
778:
775:$ 2,005 (
769:
763:
759:
750:
744:
740:
734:
730:
726:
723:$ 2,749 (
717:
711:
707:
698:
692:
688:
684:
678:
674:
670:
664:
660:
654:
650:
646:
640:
637:
633:
629:
623:
619:
615:
609:
606:
602:
598:
594:
591:
585:
582:18 April 1980
581:
578:
572:
568:
565:
559:
555:
552:
546:
542:
539:
533:
529:
525:
520:
516:
513:
510:
507:
501:
498:
495:
492:
486:
483:
480:
476:
472:
469:
466:
463:
457:
454:
451:
448:
442:
439:
436:
433:
427:
423:
420:
416:
414:
410:
404:
402:
398:
391:
389:
385:
383:
379:
372:
368:
366:
365:Protestantism
362:
361:
360:
356:
355:
353:
352:
350:
343:
336:
333:
331:
327:
325:
321:
318:
313:
310:
306:
302:
298:
297:
295:
290:
286:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
260:
257:
255:
252:
250:
247:
245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
230:
227:
225:
222:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
201:
198:
195:
191:
186:
157:
154:
147:
138:
133:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
99:
93:
85:
79:
71:
64:
61:
57:
40:
36:
32:
25:
20:
19218:
19145:
19128:
19120:
19086:
19078:
19070:
19064:Saint Helena
19062:
19006:
18998:
18848:Cook Islands
18799:
18772:New Hebrides
18741:20th century
18657:West Florida
18642:
18628:
18560:Rhode Island
18538:Pennsylvania
18496:Newfoundland
18433:
18358:
18308:East Florida
18279:16th c.β1880
18268:
18220:
18117:Crown Colony
18105:Pulo Condore
18079:Crown Colony
18073:North Borneo
17946:
17905:Protectorate
17854:unrecognised
17848:in 1965 (as
17787:
17740:South Africa
17728:Sierra Leone
17715:Saint Helena
17713:
17708:Orange River
17586:Bechuanaland
17567:
17525:Protectorate
17484:
17460:
17424:
17404:and Current
16805:
16791:Abuja Treaty
16683:(forerunner)
16623:Chairpersons
16606:
16592:South Africa
16479:
16255:
16243:
16085:Γles Γparses
16014:
15975:South Africa
15965:Sierra Leone
15769:Burkina Faso
15283:Mount Darwin
14904:Coat of arms
14704:Demographics
14679:Prostitution
14644:Architecture
14568:Central bank
14483:Human rights
14214:Company rule
14204:Pre-colonial
14178:
14155:Company rule
14140:
14090:
14074:
14031:
13986:
13976:
13972:Orner, Peter
13960:
13945:
13937:
13929:
13920:The Guardian
13918:
13897:
13893:free content
13867:
13843:. Retrieved
13839:
13815:. Retrieved
13811:the original
13801:
13793:the original
13782:
13757:
13753:
13747:
13722:
13719:African Arts
13718:
13712:
13700:. Retrieved
13696:the original
13686:
13676:
13672:
13663:
13651:. Retrieved
13628:the original
13618:
13609:
13599:
13589:
13581:
13572:
13562:
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13529:
13517:. Retrieved
13507:
13495:. Retrieved
13491:the original
13481:
13469:. Retrieved
13465:the original
13460:
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13439:. Retrieved
13435:the original
13430:
13421:
13409:. Retrieved
13405:the original
13394:
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13378:the original
13368:
13356:. Retrieved
13352:the original
13342:
13330:. Retrieved
13326:the original
13316:
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13286:
13274:. Retrieved
13271:www.fifa.com
13270:
13261:
13242:
13217:
13205:. Retrieved
13200:
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13123:
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13101:. Retrieved
13091:
13079:. Retrieved
13075:
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13050:the original
13040:
13028:. Retrieved
13025:The Guardian
13024:
13011:
12985:. Retrieved
12982:The Guardian
12981:
12971:
12959:
12947:. Retrieved
12943:the original
12933:
12925:the original
12915:
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12877:. Retrieved
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12863:
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12784:
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12672:. Retrieved
12668:the original
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12638:the original
12633:
12605:. Retrieved
12601:the original
12596:
12568:. Retrieved
12564:the original
12539:. Retrieved
12534:
12525:
12515:28 September
12513:. Retrieved
12502:
12494:the original
12484:
12475:
12465:
12457:the original
12449:irinnews.org
12448:
12439:
12425:
12413:. Retrieved
12409:the original
12404:
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12367:. Retrieved
12363:the original
12353:
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12336:
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12297:. Retrieved
12292:
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12271:. Retrieved
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12249:. Retrieved
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12235:
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12212:
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12196:the original
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12164:
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12125:. Retrieved
12115:
12103:. Retrieved
12096:the original
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12077:
12066:the original
12059:
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12035:. Retrieved
12026:
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12009:
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11976:
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11848:the original
11838:
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11801:. Retrieved
11797:the original
11791:
11785:
11777:
11770:. Retrieved
11760:
11749:the original
11745:pewforum.org
11744:
11732:
11720:. Retrieved
11716:the original
11712:www.angop.ao
11711:
11702:
11690:. Retrieved
11685:
11676:
11667:
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11653:the original
11648:
11638:
11625:. Retrieved
11618:the original
11605:
11591:
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10736:The Standard
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10242:. London, UK
10240:The Guardian
10239:
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10217:. Retrieved
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10022:
10019:Cato Journal
10018:
10005:
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9791:EU Sanctions
9790:
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9532:The Guardian
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8593:kubatana.net
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8087:
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6084:
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6024:
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5711:
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5685:
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5623:
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5609:. World Bank
5607:"GINI Index"
5601:
5589:. Retrieved
5580:
5552:. Retrieved
5548:
5539:
5527:. Retrieved
5518:
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5490:
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5442:
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5365:. Retrieved
5360:
5351:
5334:Japanese yen
5330:Indian rupee
5326:Chinese yuan
5296:
5229:
5214:
5187:
5156:, Sky News,
5147:
5143:
5137:
5131:
5125:
5114:
5104:
5102:
5094:
5078:
5055:South Africa
5051:Andy Marinos
5043:Judah Mazive
5035:rugby league
5032:
5028:horse racing
4997:
4942:field hockey
4939:
4931:Heath Streak
4919:Test cricket
4912:
4898:
4882:The Warriors
4877:
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3651:
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3562:
3546:
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2853:British Army
2850:
2843:
2831:Norman Walsh
2804:
2784:Armed forces
2771:
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2760:
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2749:
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2738:
2718:
2686:
2677:Edgar Tekere
2670:
2639:
2581:
2545:brachystegia
2526:
2516:, big leaf,
2495:
2468:
2448:Biodiversity
2441:rainy season
2429:
2417:
2375:
2343:South Africa
2324:
2275:
2264:
2260:
2255:MDC Alliance
2244:
2236:Grace Mugabe
2209:
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2183:
2173:
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2000:
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1915:
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1860:Joshua Nkomo
1857:
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1790:
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1709:
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1622:company rule
1586:Cecil Rhodes
1583:
1533:
1478:Khumalo clan
1466:Rozwi Empire
1463:
1457:
1454:Mwene Mutapa
1453:
1439:
1411:
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1363:nation state
1354:
1340:
1336:Cecil Rhodes
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1316:
1298:
1297:= plural of
1294:
1288:
1287:= plural of
1284:
1280:
1266:
1235:rapid growth
1227:human rights
1197:
1190:
1155:Company rule
1147:Matabeleland
1135:Cecil Rhodes
1111:Bantu people
1104:
1061:
1037:South Africa
1016:
944:
943:
924:Internet TLD
900:Calling code
747:β’ Total
695:β’ Total
612:β’ Total
556:2 March 1970
519:Independence
468:Kembo Mohadi
369:14.9% other
359:Christianity
334:0.02% others
197:16 languages
115:
108:Motto:
107:
98:Coat of arms
60:
38:
29:This is the
23:
19281:G15 nations
19240: /
19181:Anglosphere
18899:New Zealand
18808:New Zealand
18677:West Jersey
18592:Saint Lucia
18578:Saint Kitts
18572:Saint Croix
18552:1763β1791*
18520:Nova Scotia
18466:New England
18422:, 1691β1776
18389:East Jersey
18377:Connecticut
18256:Bay Islands
18143:Transjordan
18061:Mesopotamia
17899:Afghanistan
17893:Aden Colony
17678:Niger Coast
17644:) 1874β1957
17620:East Africa
17602:Cape Colony
17592:) 1884β1966
17582:) 1868β1966
17184:Enlargement
16959:Secretariat
16921:Chairperson
16903:Chairperson
16813:Chairperson
16801:Lome Summit
16149:Pantelleria
16069:territories
16037:recognition
15980:South Sudan
15870:Ivory Coast
15439:Chitungwiza
15168:Gokwe South
15163:Gokwe North
15153:Chirumhanzu
15138:Chimanimani
14756:Rusape Jews
14495:Land reform
14488:LGBT rights
14320:Gukurahundi
14153:1890β1923:
14026:βΉ The
13901:, UNESCO.
13817:15 November
13653:24 February
13497:18 February
13471:18 February
13441:18 February
13227:Tofa, Moses
12570:15 November
12016:18 November
11803:13 November
11792:MSN Encarta
11441:2 September
11139:16 November
11109:12 December
11055:16 November
11024:16 November
10950:17 December
10905:23 February
10715:19 December
10036:10 November
9907:. Nairobi:
9885:arable land
9796:14 November
9768:14 November
9738:14 November
9666:19 December
9634:19 December
9602:19 December
9570:19 December
9094:11 November
8999:17 November
8900:www.cnn.com
8824:13 February
8535:(1): 5978.
7946:21 November
7917:19 November
7891:15 November
7865:15 November
7631:16 February
7601:16 February
7564:23 February
7463:30 December
7423:19 December
7377:29 December
6982:11 November
6901:. pp.
6548:14 December
6116:11 February
5816:14 December
5722:17 November
5018:, cycling,
4985:Byron Black
4981:Wayne Black
4927:Andy Flower
4900:Rugby union
4668:Bhundu Boys
4506:Amos Supuni
4375:Tendai Biti
3965:Chitungwiza
3927:Chitungwiza
3558:Lake Kariba
3453:Agriculture
3349:Gideon Gono
2958:Ban Ki-moon
2874:Gukurahundi
2561:spider lily
2529:fever trees
2382:Chimanimani
2363:quadripoint
2286:Blue Carbon
2062:Gukurahundi
2049:Gukurahundi
2027:; Nuanetsi/
1880:Warsaw Pact
1606:Mashonaland
1522:A Matabele
1349:during the
1293:, "house";
1247:coup d'Γ©tat
1143:Mashonaland
881:Date format
847:U.S. dollar
823: 0.550
595:15 May 2013
569:1 June 1979
506:Lower house
491:Upper house
478:Legislature
392:1.2% others
382:no religion
180: /
19255:Categories
19133:since 1908
19125:since 1908
19091:since 1833
19083:since 1816
19075:since 1815
19067:since 1658
19024:department
19011:since 1908
19003:since 1833
18804:since 1838
18784:Swan River
18778:Queensland
18665:1958β1962
18647:since 1666
18633:since 1799
18484:New Jersey
18454:New Albion
18438:since 1632
18435:Montserrat
18416:1629β1691
18363:since 1670
18285:1858β1866
18273:since 1619
18225:since 1650
18178:Bangladesh
18113:1841β1946
18075:1882β1963
18041:Federation
18019:1819β1826
17957:Seychelles
17901:1839β1842
17792:since 1816
17776:Tanganyika
17734:Somaliland
17722:Seychelles
17718:since 1658
17638:Gold Coast
17632:The Gambia
17576:Basutoland
17572:since 1815
17514:Free State
17507:1542β1800
17493:Heligoland
17489:since 1713
17305:Africa Day
17259:Currencies
16913:Commission
16587:Seychelles
16577:Mozambique
16562:Madagascar
16056:Somaliland
15960:Seychelles
15925:Mozambique
15910:Mauritania
15895:Madagascar
15850:The Gambia
15784:Cape Verde
15687:Portuguese
15479:Beitbridge
15393:Zvishavane
15368:Umzingwane
15358:Tsholotsho
15313:Muzarabani
15088:Beitbridge
15035:Manicaland
14804:Portuguese
14789:Afrikaners
14520:Presidents
14505:Parliament
14196:Chronology
14163:Federation
13231:"Zimbabwe"
13103:3 November
13081:19 January
12949:2 November
12790:4 December
12781:"Zimbabwe"
12710:(2): 1β7.
12674:18 October
12644:18 October
12541:3 November
12415:3 December
12369:4 December
12343:4 December
12273:2 December
12251:3 December
12225:3 December
12202:3 December
12176:16 January
12170:"Zimbabwe"
12037:7 December
11928:0198286112
11854:22 January
11844:"Zimbabwe"
11772:3 December
11611:"Zimbabwe"
11574:Al-Jazeera
11516:Infoplease
11391:30 October
11191:19 October
10207:(Report).
9976:18 October
9877:2 December
9822:3 December
9787:"Zimbabwe"
9345:2 December
9323:7 December
9232:2 December
9206:2 December
9196:"Zimbabwe"
9017:. ZDF News
8975:Africanews
8411:BioScience
8393:1590848101
8370:22 October
8306:3 December
8260:Peakbagger
8216:Al Jazeera
8120:17 January
8094:17 January
8040:1128426040
8003:17 January
7977:17 January
7967:zimeye.net
7781:ISS Africa
7586:(Report).
7490:15 January
7172:9 December
7128:9 December
7101:9 December
7075:9 December
7049:9 December
6871:1770071121
6693:Smith, Ian
6677:1 December
6598:1850435790
6577:9171065512
6525:143810989X
6383:Rhodesia."
6368:3 February
6294:055430032X
6288:. p. 170;
6176:19 January
6162:"Zimbabwe"
6042:2263/41913
5591:15 October
5529:23 October
5367:2 November
5357:"Zimbabwe"
5283:References
5144:Daily News
5138:Since the
5126:The Herald
5106:Daily News
5070:Scott Gray
5020:polocrosse
5012:motorsport
5004:water polo
4993:Nick Price
4989:Cara Black
4721:isitshwala
4694:A meal of
4613:. In 2013
4525:serpentine
4490:See also:
4371:Peter Moyo
4230:See also:
4184:Protestant
4167:church in
3988:Manicaland
3956:1,200,337
3917:2,123,132
3807:Portuguese
3724:Population
3516:Since the
3382:, and the
3240:World Bank
3195:and 1,200
3091:Manicaland
2967:Daily News
2890:See also:
2821:(ZNA) and
2723:), led by
2700:party and
2611:Government
2557:snake lily
2553:flame lily
2355:Mozambique
1947:, held in
1765:Following
1761:in Africa.
1710:per capita
1679:Chimurenga
1653:"Rhodesia"
1596:from King
1574:Union Jack
1458:Monomotapa
1407:San people
1398:Towers of
1343:Monomotapa
1317:dzimba-hwe
1149:after the
1098:, and the
1070:and other
1049:Mozambique
884:dd/mm/yyyy
798: 50.3
661:15,178,957
636:Population
482:Parliament
413:Government
405:Zimbabwean
401:Demonym(s)
168:31Β°03β²08β³E
165:17Β°49β²45β³S
19301:Republics
19237:19Β°S 30Β°E
19117:1841β1947
19104:1841β1933
18995:1831β1966
18989:1670β1688
18983:1651β1667
18977:1631β1641
18907:1914β1962
18901:1907β1947
18894:1901β1942
18892:Australia
18887:1900β1974
18881:1900β1970
18869:1893β1978
18862:1892β1979
18856:1889β1948
18850:1888β1901
18844:Rarotonga
18840:1884β1902
18834:1877β1976
18828:1874β1970
18822:1851β1901
18816:1846β1847
18810:1841β1907
18796:1836β1901
18790:1829β1901
18780:1824β1901
18774:1824β1980
18768:1807β1863
18762:1803β1901
18752:1788β1901
18685:1833β1960
18679:1674β1702
18671:1967β1983
18659:1763β1783
18653:1607β1776
18639:1849β1866
18625:1889β1962
18619:1862β1863
18613:1712β1776
18607:1635β1644
18601:1627β1979
18594:1605β1979
18587:1882β1983
18580:1623β1983
18574:1625β1650
18568:1670β1870
18562:1636β1776
18556:1853β1863
18546:1620β1691
18540:1681β1776
18534:1763β1873
18522:1713β1867
18516:1859β1870
18510:1712β1776
18504:1583β1907
18498:1907β1949
18492:1664β1776
18480:1637β1662
18478:New Haven
18474:1680β1776
18468:1686β1689
18462:1784β1867
18450:1628β1983
18444:1655β1860
18430:1632β1776
18404:1655β1962
18397:1733β1776
18391:1674β1702
18385:1701β1776
18379:1636β1776
18373:1818β1846
18355:1663β1712
18347:1867β1931
18341:1841β1867
18335:1791β1841
18329:1791β1841
18317:1762β1974
18310:1763β1783
18304:1763β1978
18298:1754β1820
18289:1866β1871
18265:1871β1981
18258:1643β1860
18252:1624β1966
18246:1670β1973
18239:1860β1981
18232:1632β1860
18157:1898β1930
18151:1892β1971
18145:1921β1946
18139:1826β1946
18133:1945β1946
18127:1946β1963
18125:Singapore
18119:1946β1963
18107:1702β1705
18101:1786β1946
18095:1923β1948
18093:Palestine
18081:1946β1963
18069:1891β1971
18063:1920β1932
18057:1762β1764
18051:1796β1965
18043:1948β1957
18037:1946β1948
18031:1885β1946
18025:1895β1946
18013:1848β1946
18007:1918β1961
18001:1811β1816
17995:1858β1947
17989:1841β1997
17987:Hong Kong
17983:1878β1960
17977:1795β1948
17971:1888β1984
17965:1824β1948
17953:Mauritius
17943:1874β1963
17931:1757β1947
17925:1812β1824
17915:1685β1824
17913:Bencoolen
17907:1879β1919
17895:1839β1967
17810:1887β1897
17804:1890β1963
17798:1890β1962
17784:1900β1910
17782:Transvaal
17778:1922β1961
17772:1899β1956
17766:1893β1968
17764:Swaziland
17760:1900β1914
17748:1915β1931
17742:1910β1931
17736:1884β1960
17730:1792β1961
17724:1903β1976
17710:1900β1910
17704:1891β1964
17702:Nyasaland
17698:1924β1964
17692:1900β1914
17686:1914β1960
17680:1884β1900
17674:1856β1910
17668:1810β1968
17666:Mauritius
17662:1807β1808
17656:1862β1906
17650:1920β1963
17634:1816β1965
17628:1882β1922
17622:1895β1920
17616:1891β1907
17610:1806β1910
17604:1795β1803
17598:1919β1961
17596:Cameroons
17533:1813β1964
17527:1800β1813
17516:1921β1931
17501:1809β1864
17495:1807β1890
17486:Gibraltar
17481:1878β1960
17475:1794β1796
17429:*Current
16830:Geography
16572:Mauritius
16475:Venezuela
16470:Sri Lanka
16430:Indonesia
16405:Argentina
16067:Dependent
15915:Mauritius
15474:Marondera
15268:Mberengwa
15248:Marondera
15173:Goromonzi
15080:Districts
15017:Provinces
14872:Sindebele
14857:Afrikaans
14849:Languages
14820:Coloureds
14468:Elections
14427:Provinces
14412:Districts
14390:Geography
14054:from the
13131:3 October
13056:6 January
12879:6 January
12767:2076-3433
12726:2074-7705
12607:2 October
12319:The Times
11411:ignored (
11401:cite book
10687:20 August
10661:8 January
10537:8 January
10474:8 January
9715:235465633
9707:0163-660X
9179:143046672
9171:1085-794X
8875:msnbc.com
8621:6 January
8557:2041-1723
8431:0006-3568
8336:(1): 65.
8265:23 August
8176:14 August
7834:The Times
7693:0013-0613
7516:21 August
6848:(3): 163.
6727:(1995) .
6657:159650816
6503:, p. 292.
6067:127302759
6051:0002-0397
5879:1360-2365
5344:Citations
5200:and then
5194:banknotes
5158:Channel 4
5085:Kyokushin
4977:Davis Cup
4973:Wimbledon
4876:Football
4840:known as
4807:Boerewors
4793:boerewors
4754:sour milk
4727:known as
4639:2017 coup
4617:'s novel
4579:The book
4521:soapstone
4356:"A" level
4352:"O" level
4313:Education
4201:Methodist
4108:Languages
3824:Coloureds
3799:Afrikaner
3596:Dhlo-Dhlo
3588:dry stone
3530:Lufthansa
3390:Governor
3286:July 2022
3207:Sanctions
3193:districts
3120:Marondera
2857:battalion
2636:in Harare
2537:combretum
2522:knobthorn
2292:Geography
2037:Esigodini
1996:1970β2010
1852:sanctions
1840:Ian Smith
1771:Ian Smith
1730:Nyasaland
1690:The Queen
1598:Lobengula
1544:Lobengula
1513:vassaldom
1498:trekboers
1490:Transvaal
1474:Mzilikazi
1271:term for
1257:Etymology
890:Drives on
863:Time zone
737:(nominal)
522:from the
432:President
371:Christian
345:Religion
19261:Zimbabwe
19192:Category
19028:Colombia
18943:Kiribati
18820:Victoria
18760:Tasmania
18651:Virginia
18617:Stickeen
18605:Saybrook
18544:Plymouth
18490:New York
18428:Maryland
18420:Province
18383:Delaware
18353:Carolina
18345:Dominion
18339:Province
18302:Dominica
18250:Barbados
18222:Anguilla
18193:disputed
18174:Pakistan
18049:Maldives
17923:Billiton
17850:Rhodesia
17836:Tanzania
17832:Cameroon
17808:Zululand
17802:Zanzibar
17590:Botswana
17359:Category
17237:Passport
17152:Politics
16895:Assembly
16707:(COMESA)
16674:See also
16607:Zimbabwe
16597:Tanzania
16552:Eswatini
16542:Botswana
16480:Zimbabwe
16450:Malaysia
16245:Category
16163:Portugal
16015:Zimbabwe
15990:Tanzania
15840:Ethiopia
15835:Eswatini
15814:Djibouti
15779:Cameroon
15764:Botswana
15560:Chibarwe
15469:Chinhoyi
15464:Masvingo
15434:Bulawayo
15353:Shurugwi
15333:Rushinga
15253:Masvingo
15148:Chiredzi
15143:Chipinge
15133:Chikomba
15123:Bulilima
15118:Bulawayo
15070:Midlands
15055:Masvingo
15025:Bulawayo
14954:Category
14766:Tokaleya
14718:diaspora
14674:Polygamy
14639:Abortion
14500:Military
14456:Politics
14442:Wildlife
14376:Military
14349:By topic
14288:Bush War
14283:Rhodesia
14179:Zimbabwe
14173:; 1979:
14167:Rhodesia
14145:articles
14141:Zimbabwe
14087:Zimbabwe
14071:Zimbabwe
14056:BBC News
14043:Zimbabwe
14028:template
14011:Archived
13678:Metrovox
13241:(eds.).
13229:(2015).
12997:cite web
12905:19 April
12535:BBC News
12293:BBC News
12172:. UNAIDS
12154:10 April
12150:. Harare
12010:BBC News
11962:10414831
11273:Archived
11261:. 2013.
11019:BBC News
10843:11 April
10806:Archived
10469:CNNMoney
10428:BBC News
10402:Archived
10166:BBC News
10066:16 March
9937:Archived
9919:5 August
9889:wildlife
9538:5 August
9454:BBC News
9380:BBC News
9279:17 April
9136:ABC News
9116:18 April
9058:(1996).
9021:17 April
8848:BBC News
8800:BBC News
8774:BBC News
8662:Archived
8575:33293507
8508:21 March
8449:28608869
8150:12 March
8058:TRTWORLD
7940:BBC News
7911:BBC News
7806:BBC News
7740:BBC News
7662:16 March
7537:Fox News
7371:GovTrack
7238:BBC News
7218:8 August
7069:BBC News
7023:8 August
6764:Archived
6695:(2008).
6542:BBC News
6059:43941319
5895:(1973).
5846:: 51β80.
5840:Zambezia
5761:13 March
5692:25 March
5643:22 March
5637:Archived
5554:9 August
5266:See also
5170:Fox News
5024:kayaking
4975:and the
4846:mutakura
4742:chomolia
4733:ilambazi
4725:porridge
4711:cornmeal
4641:against
4589:won the
4517:basketry
4250:HIV/AIDS
4189:Anglican
4165:Catholic
4150:Religion
4096:Masvingo
4091:Masvingo
4073:Chinhoyi
4046:116,300
4028:119,863
4024:Midlands
4010:158,200
4006:Midlands
3992:224,802
3974:371,244
3952:Bulawayo
3947:Bulawayo
3900:Bulawayo
3872:Province
3600:Naletale
3571:and the
3423:platinum
3411:Minerals
3309:and the
3238:and the
3175:Midlands
3139:Masvingo
3132:Chinhoyi
3072:Bulawayo
3067:Bulawayo
3061:Capital
3058:Province
3007:and the
2992:COVID-19
2976:Sky News
2972:BBC News
2925:and the
2904:against
2865:brigades
2683:Politics
2588:poaching
2573:wisteria
2565:leonotis
2549:hibiscus
2506:mahogany
2475:bushveld
2420:Gondwana
2347:Botswana
2284:company
2278:election
2041:Masvingo
2023:; Lundi/
1819:Rhodesia
1795:Rhodesia
1791:Rhodesia
1787:Southern
1536:Bulawayo
1505:Barolong
1472:general
1435:Masvingo
1355:Zimbabwe
1351:Cold War
1328:Rhodesia
1326:(1898),
1309:Masvingo
1277:Masvingo
1175:Rhodesia
1107:Iron Age
1057:Bulawayo
1041:Botswana
945:Zimbabwe
839:Currency
551:Republic
538:Declared
417:Unitary
324:Coloured
303:(mainly
244:Shangani
209:Chibarwe
35:reviewed
19242:-19; 30
19183:culture
18937:Vanuatu
18727:Oceania
18402:Jamaica
18395:Georgia
18315:Grenada
18270:Bermuda
18244:Bahamas
18230:Antigua
18111:Sarawak
17823:Namibia
17684:Nigeria
17660:Madeira
17580:Lesotho
17539:Minorca
17505:Ireland
17473:Corsica
17400:Former
17298:Culture
17251:Economy
17214:Symbols
16853:Regions
16838:Borders
16758:History
16616:Leaders
16582:Namibia
16557:Lesotho
16465:Senegal
16460:Nigeria
16440:Jamaica
16400:Algeria
16393:Members
16307:Summits
16222:Socotra
16201:Melilla
16170:Madeira
16133:RΓ©union
16128:Mayotte
16000:Tunisia
15970:Somalia
15955:Senegal
15940:Nigeria
15930:Namibia
15920:Morocco
15885:Liberia
15880:Lesotho
15830:Eritrea
15799:Comoros
15774:Burundi
15749:Algeria
15682:Chinese
15672:Punjabi
15585:Ndebele
15565:Kalanga
15338:Sanyati
15318:Mwenezi
15293:Murehwa
15233:Makonde
15128:Chegutu
15098:Bindura
14938:Outline
14886:Symbols
14862:English
14835:Indians
14824:Goffals
14794:British
14751:Ndebele
14746:Manyika
14627:Culture
14608:Tourism
14556:Economy
14187:History
14030:below (
13989:(2008)
13963:(2007)
13857:Sources
13774:3889033
13739:3336358
13610:Reuters
13573:Reuters
13519:21 July
13332:22 July
13276:23 July
13207:21 June
13201:Cookpad
13181:21 June
13156:21 June
12405:Reuters
12337:Reuters
12091:ZIMSTAT
12061:ZIMSTAT
11722:21 July
11692:21 July
11686:SAPO 24
11496:17 July
11467:17 July
11217:wsp.org
10833:Reuters
10746:4 April
10682:NPR.org
10607:4 April
10557:Reuters
10434:4 April
10330:4 April
10324:Reuters
10302:4 April
10272:4 April
10246:4 April
10219:4 April
10117:CNN.com
9512:24 July
9506:UN News
9365:, 2006.
8955:31 July
8905:10 July
8880:10 July
8566:7723057
8537:Bibcode
8472:Bibcode
8440:5451287
8338:Bibcode
8240:14 July
8114:Reuters
7839:25 July
7652:Reuters
7290:21 July
6592:p. 25;
6501:Parsons
6273:Parsons
6253:12 July
6146:17 July
5999:Read on
5686:Reuters
5613:16 June
5581:IMF.org
5444:ZIMSTAT
5225:Epworth
5208:or the
5116:NewsDay
5083:became
5057:at the
5047:SANZAAR
5000:netball
4947:at the
4914:Cricket
4869:at the
4802:Biltong
4770:matemba
4766:kapenta
4699:(right)
4686:Cuisine
4529:verdite
4513:pottery
4438:Culture
4302:cholera
4128:Ndebele
4100:90,286
4082:90,800
4064:94,083
3854:Source:
3764:Kalanga
3510:Zambezi
3491:Tourism
3276:updated
3251:Economy
3108:Bindura
3000:Twitter
2739:In the
2715:in 2005
2664:is the
2577:dombeya
2571:, tree
2541:baobabs
2498:savanna
2426:Climate
2408:Geology
2404:river.
2402:Zambezi
2369:, with
2359:Namibia
2310:in the
2240:Reuters
2067:ZANUβPF
2029:Mwenezi
2021:Munyati
1901:Bishop
1756:British
1664:on the
1494:Mfecane
1486:Ndebele
1476:of the
1433:, near
1373:History
1367:Ndebele
1217:into a
1207:ZANUβPF
1201:became
1192:de jure
1084:Ndebele
1029:Zambezi
1019:, is a
830: (
588:β’
575:β’
562:β’
549:β’
536:β’
504:β’
489:β’
460:β’
445:β’
430:β’
309:Ndebele
301:African
299:99.38%
239:Ndebele
219:Kalanga
214:English
149:Capital
118: "
116:Anthem:
19202:Portal
19022:Now a
18993:Guiana
18947:Tuvalu
18550:Quebec
18322:Canada
18263:Belize
18155:Weihai
18099:Penang
18087:Padang
18017:Malaya
18011:Labuan
18005:Kuwait
17981:Cyprus
17975:Ceylon
17969:Brunei
17941:Borneo
17935:Bhutan
17929:Bengal
17865:Zambia
17796:Uganda
17558:Africa
17531:Colony
17521:Malta
17479:Cyprus
17467:Cyprus
17451:Europe
17417:Legend
17319:Theory
17227:Emblem
17222:Anthem
17117:AMISOM
17102:UNAMID
16954:Bureau
16863:Organs
16691:(SACU)
16602:Zambia
16567:Malawi
16537:Angola
16524:(SADC)
16455:Mexico
16410:Brazil
16121:France
16078:France
16010:Zambia
16005:Uganda
15945:Rwanda
15900:Malawi
15860:Guinea
15754:Angola
15733:Africa
15667:French
15610:Tswana
15605:Tsonga
15575:Nambya
15570:Koisan
15489:Kariba
15484:Rusape
15459:Kadoma
15454:Kwekwe
15444:Mutare
15429:Harare
15388:Zvimba
15363:Umguza
15348:Shamva
15328:Nyanga
15308:Mutoko
15303:Mutasa
15298:Mutare
15263:Mazowe
15258:Matobo
15243:Mangwe
15238:Makoni
15228:Lupane
15223:Kwekwe
15213:Kariba
15208:Insiza
15203:Hwange
15198:Harare
15188:Gwanda
15178:Guruve
15113:Buhera
15093:Bikita
15030:Harare
14919:Flower
14909:Emblem
14899:Anthem
14894:Animal
14813:Others
14799:Greeks
14432:Rivers
14169:under
14143:
14047:Curlie
14033:Curlie
13876:
13845:29 May
13772:
13737:
13702:6 June
13556:. BBC.
13411:6 June
13384:9 June
13358:9 June
13249:
13030:1 July
12987:1 July
12851:
12817:
12765:
12724:
12299:6 June
12127:1 June
11960:
11926:
11902:
11877:
11826:
11627:1 June
11486:(XSLX)
11382:
11347:
11309:
11265:
11081:6 June
10788:6 June
10500:20 May
10408:1 June
10356:6 June
10176:6 June
10095:
9851:6 June
9713:
9705:
9485:1 June
9459:6 June
9412:6 June
9386:6 June
9177:
9169:
9066:
8854:6 June
8780:6 June
8718:: 124.
8573:
8563:
8555:
8447:
8437:
8429:
8391:
8302:. 2019
8038:
8028:
7998:ZWNews
7811:7 July
7746:7 June
7698:8 July
7691:
7266:
6937:
6909:
6869:
6735:
6703:
6655:
6615:online
6596:
6575:
6523:
6488:219092
6486:
6393:effect
6335:16 May
6292:
6244:
6202:
6091:10 May
6065:
6057:
6049:
5977:
5945:
5911:
5877:
5786:. 2015
5756:TED-Ed
5506:
5168:, and
5008:squash
5002:, and
4852:Sports
4836:, and
4834:nyemba
4830:nzungu
4666:, the
4424:Ubuntu
4412:, and
4332:Jesuit
4287:UNESCO
4264:(2005)
4262:Mutoko
4238:, and
4226:Health
4180:Muslim
4169:Harare
4132:Tsonga
4037:Kadoma
4019:Kwekwe
3983:Mutare
3970:Harare
3937:Mutare
3913:Harare
3908:Harare
3890:Harare
3846:
3843:
3820:Zambia
3811:French
3780:Tswana
3776:Nambya
3760:Tsonga
3604:kopjes
3581:Rusape
3532:, and
3526:Qantas
3168:Gwanda
3096:Mutare
3084:Harare
3079:Harare
3031:, and
2978:, and
2902:London
2658:Senate
2656:, the
2623:, and
2569:cassia
2533:mopane
2378:Nyanga
2351:Zambia
2182:which
2033:Chivhu
1949:Lusaka
1888:Maoism
1878:, the
1829:, and
1783:Zambia
1618:Harare
1562:, and
1540:kraals
1530:, 1836
1509:Griqua
1502:Tswana
1285:dzimba
1127:Mutapa
1109:, the
1094:, the
1090:, the
1082:, and
1053:Harare
1045:Zambia
849:($ ) (
827:medium
814:(2022)
812:
789:(2019)
787:
735:
679:
497:Senate
380:10.2%
363:69.2%
357:84.1%
347:(2017)
328:0.08%
322:0.18%
315:0.22%
292:(2017)
264:Tswana
229:Nambya
224:Koisan
156:Harare
18945:and *
18911:Nauru
18905:Samoa
18879:Tonga
18838:Papua
18448:Nevis
18333:Upper
18327:Lower
18170:India
18035:Union
17993:India
17963:Burma
17919:Banka
17770:Sudan
17672:Natal
17654:Lagos
17648:Kenya
17642:Ghana
17626:Egypt
17279:NEPAD
17122:MISCA
17087:ACIRC
16699:(CMA)
16445:Kenya
16425:India
16420:Egypt
16415:Chile
16215:Yemen
16196:Ceuta
16184:Spain
16142:Italy
15985:Sudan
15935:Niger
15890:Libya
15875:Kenya
15855:Ghana
15845:Gabon
15819:Egypt
15759:Benin
15677:Hindi
15641:Kunda
15620:Xhosa
15615:Venda
15600:Tonga
15595:Sotho
15590:Shona
15555:Chewa
15449:Gweru
15403:Wards
15378:Wedza
15323:Nkayi
15288:Mudzi
15273:Mbire
15218:Karoi
15193:Gweru
15158:Chivi
15103:Binga
14945:Index
14867:Shona
14781:White
14771:Tonga
14761:Shona
14741:Lemba
14736:Kunda
14728:Black
14669:Music
14664:Media
14098:from
14089:from
13770:JSTOR
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