247:
2032:
2118:, a lament. There are also 2 songs in Ndau and in English included in the folktale, "How the Animals Dug Their Well," plus a song that is part of the "Legend of the Daughter and the Slave" and a song that is part of the "Legend of the Sky-Maiden." In an appendix, there is an interlinear word-for-word rendering of the Ndau proverbs and song lyrics into English.
270:
Baba edu ari mudenga, ngariremeredzwe zina renyu. UMambo hwenyu ngahuuye. Kuda kwenyu ngakuitwa munyika kudai ngomudenga. Tipei nege kurya kwedu kwatinotama nyamashi. Tirekererei ndaa dzedu kudai tisu takarekerera avo vane ndaa kwetiri. Usatipinza mukuedzwa, asi tinunure kuno uwo
279:
Baba vedu vari kudenga, zita renyu ngarikudzwe. UMambo hwenyu ngahwuuye. Kuda kwenyu ngakuitwe pasi sokudenga. Tipei nhasi kudya kwedu kwakwezuva. Tiregererei zvatinokutadzirai sekuregerera kwatinoita vakatitadzira. Musatipinze mukuedzwa, asi mutinunure mune
265:
The mutual intelligibility of Ndau with other Shona varieties is fairly high, but some speakers of other Shona varieties may find it difficult to understand. Differences and similarities can be measured by examining a Ndau version of Lord's Prayer:
2094:, published in 1920. The book contains 6 proverbs in Ndau and English with commentary along with songs that include the Ndau lyrics, English translation, plus a transcription of the music. There are ritual songs, including
227:
language and it is mutually intelligible with other Shona languages such as
Manyika, Zezuru and Karanga.The 2013 Constitution of Zimbabwe accorded Ndau status as an official language.
2928:
2921:
2168:
2466:
261:
use. The text reads in
Portuguese: "think of the consequences, change behaviour, prevent HIV/ADS".to the left, the same text in the Ndau language.
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
2914:
2735:
1947:
While the mainstream Shona language excludes L, Q and X from its alphabet, Ndau orthography uses them as shown by the examples below:
3817:
2942:
178:
2156:
2459:
1966:
2728:
2435:
246:
2452:
2423:
2411:
2399:
2387:
2375:
2363:
2351:
2339:
2327:
2315:
2303:
2291:
2279:
2267:
2254:
2086:
3627:
3621:
3615:
3609:
2906:
2721:
2175:
1988:
17:
2110:, "Dance of Girls," along with a selection of "Children's Songs," "Laboring Songs," and "Dance Songs," plus
3698:
93:
1932:
1918:
1911:
1899:
1892:
1850:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1783:
1778:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1708:
1701:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1677:
1671:
1665:
1658:
1651:
1633:
1624:
1617:
1600:
1595:
1567:
1562:
1555:
1517:
1510:
1501:
1496:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1452:
1445:
1436:
1431:
1404:
1399:
1392:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1368:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1282:
1277:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1195:
1190:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1162:
1134:
1121:
1116:
1109:
1083:
1078:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1050:
1024:
1019:
1008:
1003:
998:
991:
965:
960:
949:
944:
939:
932:
905:
900:
887:
882:
875:
866:
861:
838:
819:
808:
785:
770:
763:
752:
729:
710:
699:
678:
664:
659:
652:
643:
638:
620:
615:
602:
597:
590:
581:
576:
558:
553:
540:
535:
528:
519:
514:
496:
491:
478:
473:
466:
457:
452:
3774:
2535:
384:
3710:
3704:
3662:
2833:
2793:
2008:
1986:
1964:
87:
3874:
3869:
2702:
2989:
2808:
2520:
2475:
2965:
2194:
An outline of the morphology of substantives in Ndau, with a preliminary note on Ndau phonology
2040:
1728:
1358:
1152:
852:
799:
743:
321:
3820:
is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.
3808:
3258:
2744:
2489:
2010:
1590:
304:
2048:
2031:
8:
3692:
3146:
3140:
3030:
2895:
1770:
1210:
1040:
802:
632:
570:
2224:
From dialect to 'official' language: towards the intellectualisation of Ndau in
Zimbabwe
3585:
2995:
2758:
1099:
693:
311:
299:
2074:("Fish follow their river; i.e. people will support their own family or tribe.") (#24)
168:
3252:
2585:
1735:
1647:
1425:
981:
855:
508:
370:
333:
316:
231:
3533:
3381:
3345:
3304:
3240:
3222:
3205:
3199:
3193:
3152:
3088:
3024:
2977:
2890:
2880:
2783:
2773:
2681:
2676:
2630:
2605:
2580:
2570:
2565:
2525:
1723:
254:
103:
2936:
2068:("The knife does not know its owner; i.e. it cuts everyone, even its owner.") (#8)
3739:
3733:
3686:
3579:
3573:
3567:
3515:
3509:
3452:
3440:
3423:
3417:
3411:
3405:
3399:
3393:
3387:
3375:
3369:
3363:
3316:
3310:
3298:
3264:
3164:
3158:
3076:
2938:
2875:
2818:
2813:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2610:
2600:
2560:
2020:
2005:
1983:
1542:
1419:
328:
113:
108:
98:
79:
35:
3801:
3780:
3768:
3745:
3680:
3674:
3656:
3644:
3603:
3597:
3591:
3550:
3521:
3503:
3497:
3446:
3357:
3351:
3328:
3234:
3228:
3187:
3082:
3059:
3053:
3047:
3007:
3001:
2983:
2971:
2885:
2849:
2828:
2823:
2803:
2798:
2778:
2763:
2686:
2635:
2625:
2615:
2595:
2575:
2555:
2550:
2540:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2091:
440:
224:
217:
2134:
3863:
3751:
3727:
3650:
3469:
3246:
3112:
3106:
3100:
3094:
2859:
2854:
2768:
2655:
2620:
2545:
2530:
1875:
1490:
431:
419:
407:
395:
376:
357:
346:
31:
3668:
3322:
3181:
2660:
2237:
60:
2444:
152:
1887:
1870:
2713:
275:
The equivalent paragraph in
Standard Shona (mainly based on Zezuru) is:
2139:
2044:
1925:
1880:
52:
2084:
Simango also provided the Ndau texts and translations that appear in
1906:
1842:
1791:
1742:
1216:
922:
916:
746:
446:
161:
145:
2080:("Baboons quarrel over food, but in danger help one another.") (#28)
250:
235:
56:
2252:
Burlin, Natalie Curtis; Simango, C. Kamba; Čele, Madikane (1920).
3292:
3825:
Narrow Bantu languages by
Guthrie classification zone templates
1814:
1290:
258:
2238:"Tales and Proverbs of the Vandau of Portuguese South Africa."
1657:
Other palatalized sounds are labialized-palatalized ones as
2062:("The strength of the crocodile is in the water.") (#1)
2174:. Government of Zimbabwe. January 2013. Archived from
2078:"Manthede a·novengana pakurga, napamfumfu anobesana."
1711:
can have allophones as prenasal-devoiced plosives .
1680:may also range to labio-dental in free variation.
2049:collection of 20 Ndau fables and 29 Ndau proverbs
2019:These sounds have been acquired from neighboring
1674:may also range to voiced within dialectal areas.
3861:
2051:, accompanied by an English translation, in the
27:Shona dialect of central Mozambique and Zimbabwe
2043:, a Vandau ethnographer, working together with
2026:
2922:
2729:
2460:
3849:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)
3844:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)
3839:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)
3834:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)
3829:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B)
2474:
2181:on 2 October 2013 – via Kubatana.net.
2929:
2915:
2736:
2722:
2467:
2453:
2209:Eastern Shona: a comparative dialect study
2055:. The following are some of the proverbs:
2743:
2191:
2169:"Constitution of Zimbabwe (final draft)"
2030:
245:
2255:Songs and Tales from the Dark Continent
2236:Boas, Franz; Simango, C. Kamba (1922).
2221:
2206:
2087:Songs and Tales from the Dark Continent
2035:C. Kamba Simango with a kalimba (mbira)
1646:Other labialized sounds are labialized-
14:
3862:
2149:
2910:
2717:
2448:
296:
24:
3807:Languages between parentheses are
2128:
1704:may have aspirated allophones as .
1697:, can be heard as a lateral flap .
25:
3886:
2072:"Hove djinotevela mulambo wadjo."
2429:
2417:
2405:
2393:
2381:
2369:
2357:
2345:
2333:
2321:
2309:
2297:
2285:
2273:
2192:Mkanganwi, Kumbirai G. (1972).
2157:New Updated Guthrie List Online
2098:, "Song of the Rain Ceremony;"
2060:"Simba lo ngwena lili mumfula."
3811:of the language on their left.
2261:
2246:
2230:
2215:
2200:
2185:
2161:
241:
13:
1:
2121:
2066:"Chipanga achizivi vatendji."
1959:: 'L' is used in the digraph
1693:when occurring before vowels
289:
2241:Journal of American Folklore
2053:Journal of American Folklore
1923:
1904:
1885:
1812:
1767:
1740:
1687:only appears in a few words.
1588:
1540:
1417:
1208:
438:
284:
220:spoken by 1,400,000 people.
72:2.4 million (2000–2006)
7:
2027:Proverbs, fables, and songs
1942:
1664:Other affricate sounds are
10:
3891:
2222:Sithole, Emmanuel (2017).
2211:. University of Cape Town.
2207:Borland, Colin H. (1970).
1707:Prenasal aspirated sounds
29:
3793:
3760:
3719:
3636:
3559:
3542:
3489:
3482:
3461:
3432:
3337:
3284:
3277:
3214:
3173:
3132:
3125:
3068:
3039:
3016:
2957:
2950:
2868:
2842:
2751:
2695:
2669:
2498:
2482:
1860:
1813:
1741:
1720:
1589:
1541:
1418:
1209:
915:
439:
332:
327:
320:
315:
310:
303:
298:
175:
159:
143:
138:
76:
66:
48:
43:
2703:Mozambican Sign Language
2155:Jouni Filip Maho, 2009.
253:awareness street art in
30:Not to be confused with
2476:Languages of Mozambique
2145:(subscription required)
3818:Guthrie classification
2943:Guthrie classification
2036:
2004:: 'Q' is used for the
1982:: 'X' is used for the
262:
2745:Languages of Zimbabwe
2114:, a mocking song and
2092:Natalie Curtis Burlin
2034:
2000:and the Ndau version
1978:and the Ndau version
1955:and the Ndau version
249:
2843:Unofficial languages
2499:Indigenous languages
2243:. 35 (136): 151-204.
2226:. Rhodes University.
1683:The velar implosive
3031:Mwera of Mbamba Bay
2869:Immigrant languages
2670:Immigrant languages
1717:
3663:(Northern) Ndebele
2759:Zimbabwean English
2752:Official languages
2037:
1996:Mainstream Shona "
1974:Mainstream Shona "
1951:Mainstream Shona "
1715:
263:
3857:
3856:
3802:extinct languages
3789:
3788:
3478:
3477:
3447:North-West Herero
3273:
3272:
3121:
3120:
2904:
2903:
2711:
2710:
2483:Official language
2143:(18th ed., 2015)
2106:"Love-Song;" and
2104:Lum'bo Lgo Lu'do,
2102:, "Spirit Song;"
1940:
1939:
1858:
1857:
1845:
1821:
1794:
1773:
1749:
1716:Click consonants
1643:
1642:
1493:
1428:
1361:
1293:
1219:
1155:
1102:
1043:
984:
925:
858:
805:
749:
696:
635:
573:
511:
449:
434:
428:
422:
416:
410:
404:
398:
392:
387:
379:
373:
366:
360:
354:
349:
342:
232:National language
191:
190:
16:(Redirected from
3882:
3711:Sumayela Ndebele
3487:
3486:
3424:Kolonkadhi-Eunda
3282:
3281:
3130:
3129:
2955:
2954:
2941:(Zones N–S) (by
2931:
2924:
2917:
2908:
2907:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2715:
2714:
2469:
2462:
2455:
2446:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2421:
2415:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2391:
2385:
2379:
2373:
2367:
2361:
2355:
2349:
2343:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2319:
2313:
2307:
2301:
2295:
2289:
2283:
2277:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2250:
2244:
2234:
2228:
2227:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2173:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2132:
2041:C. Kamba Simango
2014:
1992:
1970:
1934:
1920:
1913:
1901:
1894:
1865:
1864:
1852:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1819:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1747:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1703:
1700:Sibilant sounds
1696:
1692:
1686:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1635:
1626:
1619:
1602:
1597:
1569:
1564:
1557:
1519:
1512:
1503:
1498:
1489:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1454:
1447:
1438:
1433:
1424:
1406:
1401:
1394:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1370:
1357:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1215:
1197:
1192:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1164:
1151:
1136:
1123:
1118:
1111:
1098:
1085:
1080:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1052:
1039:
1026:
1021:
1010:
1005:
1000:
993:
980:
967:
962:
951:
946:
941:
934:
921:
907:
902:
889:
884:
877:
868:
863:
851:
840:
821:
810:
798:
787:
772:
765:
754:
742:
731:
712:
701:
692:
680:
666:
661:
654:
645:
640:
631:
622:
617:
604:
599:
592:
583:
578:
569:
560:
555:
542:
537:
530:
521:
516:
507:
498:
493:
480:
475:
468:
459:
454:
445:
432:
426:
420:
414:
408:
402:
396:
390:
383:
377:
369:
364:
358:
352:
345:
340:
294:
293:
255:Machaze district
187:
181:
171:
155:
148:
104:Southern Bantoid
82:
41:
40:
21:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3875:Click languages
3870:Shona languages
3860:
3859:
3858:
3853:
3785:
3756:
3715:
3632:
3555:
3538:
3474:
3457:
3453:Botswana Herero
3428:
3333:
3269:
3259:Lomwe of Malawi
3210:
3169:
3117:
3064:
3035:
3012:
3008:Ngoni of Malawi
2946:
2939:Bantu languages
2935:
2905:
2900:
2864:
2838:
2747:
2742:
2712:
2707:
2691:
2665:
2494:
2478:
2473:
2443:
2442:
2434:
2430:
2422:
2418:
2410:
2406:
2398:
2394:
2386:
2382:
2374:
2370:
2362:
2358:
2350:
2346:
2338:
2334:
2326:
2322:
2314:
2310:
2302:
2298:
2290:
2286:
2278:
2274:
2266:
2262:
2251:
2247:
2235:
2231:
2220:
2216:
2205:
2201:
2190:
2186:
2178:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2154:
2150:
2144:
2133:
2129:
2124:
2029:
2021:Nguni languages
2006:click consonant
1984:click consonant
1945:
1863:
1730:
323:
306:
292:
287:
244:
185:
182:
177:
167:
151:
144:
134:
83:
80:Language family
78:
69:
68:Native speakers
39:
36:Pendau language
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3888:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3822:
3821:
3813:
3812:
3805:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3777:
3771:
3764:
3762:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3754:
3748:
3742:
3736:
3730:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3707:
3701:
3695:
3689:
3683:
3677:
3671:
3665:
3659:
3653:
3647:
3640:
3638:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3624:
3618:
3612:
3606:
3600:
3594:
3588:
3582:
3576:
3570:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3530:
3524:
3518:
3512:
3506:
3500:
3493:
3491:
3484:
3480:
3479:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3472:
3465:
3463:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3449:
3443:
3436:
3434:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3420:
3414:
3408:
3402:
3396:
3390:
3384:
3378:
3372:
3366:
3360:
3354:
3348:
3341:
3339:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3331:
3325:
3319:
3313:
3307:
3301:
3295:
3288:
3286:
3279:
3275:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3267:
3261:
3255:
3249:
3243:
3237:
3231:
3225:
3218:
3216:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3202:
3196:
3190:
3184:
3177:
3175:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3161:
3155:
3149:
3143:
3136:
3134:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3109:
3103:
3097:
3091:
3085:
3079:
3072:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3063:
3062:
3056:
3050:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3027:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3004:
2998:
2992:
2986:
2980:
2974:
2968:
2961:
2959:
2952:
2948:
2947:
2934:
2933:
2926:
2919:
2911:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2872:
2870:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2748:
2741:
2740:
2733:
2726:
2718:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2699:
2697:
2696:Sign languages
2693:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2673:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2479:
2472:
2471:
2464:
2457:
2449:
2441:
2440:
2438:, pp. 153-164.
2428:
2416:
2404:
2392:
2380:
2368:
2356:
2344:
2332:
2320:
2308:
2296:
2284:
2272:
2260:
2245:
2229:
2214:
2199:
2184:
2160:
2148:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2082:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2047:, published a
2028:
2025:
2017:
2016:
1994:
1976:kuridza tsamwa
1972:
1963:for the sound
1944:
1941:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1930:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1914:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1897:
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1890:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1862:
1859:
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1838:
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1128:
1126:
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985:
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968:
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947:
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898:
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871:
869:
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859:
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841:
836:
834:
832:
830:
828:
826:
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813:
811:
806:
795:
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790:
788:
783:
781:
779:
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768:
766:
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757:
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750:
739:
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723:
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697:
689:
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684:
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675:
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669:
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650:
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641:
636:
628:
627:
625:
623:
618:
613:
611:
609:
607:
605:
600:
595:
593:
588:
586:
584:
579:
574:
566:
565:
563:
561:
556:
551:
549:
547:
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543:
538:
533:
531:
526:
524:
522:
517:
512:
504:
503:
501:
499:
494:
489:
487:
485:
483:
481:
476:
471:
469:
464:
462:
460:
455:
450:
443:
437:
436:
429:
424:
417:
412:
405:
400:
393:
388:
381:
374:
367:
362:
355:
350:
343:
337:
336:
331:
326:
319:
314:
309:
302:
297:
291:
288:
286:
283:
243:
240:
218:Bantu language
189:
188:
183:
176:
173:
172:
165:
157:
156:
149:
141:
140:
139:Language codes
136:
135:
133:
132:
131:
130:
129:
128:
127:
126:
125:
124:
123:
122:
94:Atlantic–Congo
86:
84:
77:
74:
73:
70:
67:
64:
63:
50:
46:
45:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3887:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3819:
3815:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3792:
3782:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3770:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3753:
3749:
3747:
3743:
3741:
3737:
3735:
3731:
3729:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3712:
3708:
3706:
3705:South Ndebele
3702:
3700:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3670:
3666:
3664:
3660:
3658:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3629:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3617:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3605:
3601:
3599:
3595:
3593:
3589:
3587:
3583:
3581:
3577:
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3565:
3564:
3562:
3558:
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3548:
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3535:
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3523:
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3513:
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3499:
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3492:
3488:
3485:
3481:
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3467:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3454:
3450:
3448:
3444:
3442:
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3435:
3431:
3425:
3421:
3419:
3415:
3413:
3409:
3407:
3403:
3401:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3377:
3373:
3371:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3336:
3330:
3326:
3324:
3320:
3318:
3314:
3312:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3294:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3280:
3276:
3266:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3254:
3250:
3248:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3236:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3224:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3207:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3162:
3160:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3142:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3128:
3124:
3114:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3096:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3078:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3067:
3061:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3049:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3009:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2991:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2973:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2949:
2944:
2940:
2932:
2927:
2925:
2920:
2918:
2913:
2912:
2909:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2867:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2835:
2834:Zimbabwe Sign
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2739:
2734:
2732:
2727:
2725:
2720:
2719:
2716:
2704:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2694:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2470:
2465:
2463:
2458:
2456:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2437:
2432:
2425:
2420:
2413:
2408:
2401:
2396:
2389:
2384:
2377:
2372:
2365:
2360:
2353:
2348:
2341:
2336:
2329:
2324:
2317:
2312:
2305:
2300:
2293:
2288:
2282:, pp. 81-129.
2281:
2276:
2269:
2264:
2257:
2256:
2249:
2242:
2239:
2233:
2225:
2218:
2210:
2203:
2195:
2188:
2177:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2152:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2127:
2119:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2057:
2056:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2033:
2024:
2022:
2012:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1936:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1917:
1915:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1898:
1896:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1866:
1854:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1839:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1816:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1782:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1768:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1744:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1709:/ᵐpʰ,ⁿtʰ,ᵑkʰ/
1706:
1699:
1689:
1682:
1676:
1670:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1637:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1623:
1621:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1592:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1559:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1516:
1514:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1451:
1449:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1421:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1396:
1391:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1372:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1281:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1214:
1212:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1108:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1038:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
995:
990:
988:
986:
983:
979:
978:
975:
973:
971:
969:
964:
959:
957:
955:
953:
948:
943:
938:
936:
931:
929:
927:
924:
920:
918:
914:
911:
909:
904:
899:
897:
895:
893:
891:
886:
881:
879:
874:
872:
870:
865:
860:
857:
854:
850:
849:
846:
844:
842:
837:
835:
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
818:
816:
814:
812:
807:
804:
801:
797:
796:
793:
791:
789:
784:
782:
780:
778:
776:
774:
769:
767:
762:
760:
758:
756:
751:
748:
745:
741:
740:
737:
735:
733:
728:
726:
724:
722:
720:
718:
716:
714:
709:
707:
705:
703:
698:
695:
691:
690:
687:
685:
683:
676:
674:
672:
670:
668:
663:
658:
656:
651:
649:
647:
642:
637:
634:
630:
629:
626:
624:
619:
614:
612:
610:
608:
606:
601:
596:
594:
589:
587:
585:
580:
575:
572:
568:
567:
564:
562:
557:
552:
550:
548:
546:
544:
539:
534:
532:
527:
525:
523:
518:
513:
510:
506:
505:
502:
500:
495:
490:
488:
486:
484:
482:
477:
472:
470:
465:
463:
461:
456:
451:
448:
444:
442:
435:
430:
425:
423:
418:
413:
411:
406:
401:
399:
394:
389:
386:
382:
380:
375:
372:
368:
363:
361:
356:
351:
348:
344:
339:
338:
335:
330:
325:
318:
313:
308:
301:
295:
282:
281:
276:
273:
272:
267:
260:
256:
252:
248:
239:
237:
233:
228:
226:
221:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
196:(also called
195:
184:
180:
174:
170:
166:
164:
163:
158:
154:
150:
147:
142:
137:
121:
118:
117:
115:
112:
111:
110:
107:
106:
105:
102:
101:
100:
97:
96:
95:
92:
91:
89:
85:
81:
75:
71:
65:
62:
58:
54:
51:
47:
42:
37:
33:
32:Ndao language
19:
18:Ndau language
3797:
3527:
2788:
2590:
2431:
2426:, pp. 51-53.
2419:
2414:, pp. 49-51.
2407:
2402:, pp. 45-47.
2395:
2390:, pp. 41-43.
2383:
2378:, pp. 39-40.
2371:
2366:, pp. 35-39.
2359:
2354:, pp. 32-35.
2347:
2342:, pp. 30-31.
2335:
2330:, pp. 29-30.
2323:
2318:, pp. 28-29.
2311:
2306:, pp. 24-28.
2299:
2294:, pp. 20-23.
2287:
2275:
2263:
2253:
2248:
2240:
2232:
2223:
2217:
2208:
2202:
2193:
2187:
2176:the original
2163:
2151:
2138:
2130:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2085:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2052:
2038:
2018:
2001:
1997:
1979:
1975:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1946:
278:
277:
274:
269:
268:
264:
257:, promoting
229:
222:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
192:
179:Guthrie code
160:
119:
61:South Africa
3113:Sena-Malawi
2436:Burlin 1920
2424:Burlin 1920
2412:Burlin 1920
2400:Burlin 1920
2388:Burlin 1920
2376:Burlin 1920
2364:Burlin 1920
2352:Burlin 1920
2340:Burlin 1920
2328:Burlin 1920
2316:Burlin 1920
2304:Burlin 1920
2292:Burlin 1920
2280:Burlin 1920
2268:Burlin 1920
1666:/p͡sᶲ,b͡zᵝ/
1591:Approximant
242:Sample text
99:Benue–Congo
88:Niger–Congo
3864:Categories
3693:Nhlangwini
3669:Old Mfengu
3610:Phalaborwa
3406:Dombondola
3141:Ndengereko
2896:Portuguese
2490:Portuguese
2140:Ethnologue
2122:References
2045:Franz Boas
1650:sounds as
290:Consonants
271:wakashata.
223:Ndau is a
53:Mozambique
3809:varieties
3800:indicate
3586:Khalaxadi
3418:Kwaluudhi
3394:Ndongwena
3364:Ngandyera
2996:Ndendeule
2100:Manthi'ki
2039:In 1922,
2002:Kuqambaya
1953:Akatizira
1843:nasalized
1792:nasalized
1771:aspirated
1743:Voiceless
1659:/tʲʷ,rʲʷ/
1652:/sᶲʷ,zᵝʷ/
1217:voiceless
1211:Fricative
1041:aspirated
923:voiceless
917:Affricate
633:implosive
571:aspirated
447:voiceless
285:Phonology
280:zvakaipa.
162:Glottolog
146:ISO 639-3
3498:Korekore
3388:Mbalanhu
3346:Kwanyama
3060:Manganja
2769:Chibarwe
2586:Nathembo
2521:Chitonga
2516:Chichopi
2270:, p. 14.
2116:Chili'lo
2112:Kufa'mba
1957:Akafohla
1943:Alphabet
1731:alveolar
1678:/β̞,β̞ʷ/
1648:whistled
1359:prenasal
1153:prenasal
1100:ejective
853:prenasal
800:prenasal
744:prenasal
694:ejective
324:alveolar
312:Alveolar
300:Bilabial
236:Zimbabwe
230:It is a
214:Chidanda
169:ndau1241
57:Zimbabwe
3798:Italics
3752:Hlengwe
3534:Kalanga
3522:Karanga
3510:Manyika
3400:Kwankwa
3382:Mbandja
3305:Nyaneka
3293:Umbundu
3194:Makonde
3153:Matumbi
3089:Nyungwe
3025:Tumbuka
2978:Matengo
2937:Narrow
2891:Chinese
2881:Punjabi
2794:Ndebele
2774:Kalanga
2682:Punjabi
2677:English
2631:Swahili
2606:Nyungwe
2581:Manyika
2571:Makonde
2566:Makhuwa
2541:Kimwani
2536:Gitonga
2526:Chuwabu
2108:Mafu've
2096:Mate'ka
1876:Central
1736:Lateral
1702:/d͡z,s/
1491:breathy
441:Plosive
334:Glottal
317:Lateral
216:) is a
202:Chindau
198:chiNdau
3779:[S611
3750:[S511
3740:Tsonga
3734:Gwamba
3687:Phuthi
3667:[S401
3628:Pulana
3616:Kutswe
3608:[S301
3598:Lobedu
3580:Ngwatu
3574:Kgatla
3568:Tswana
3504:Zezuru
3483:Zone S
3445:[R311
3441:Herero
3412:Esinga
3370:Kafima
3368:[R211
3358:Kwambi
3352:Ndonga
3317:Kuvale
3315:[R101
3311:Khumbi
3299:Ndombe
3278:Zone R
3265:Moniga
3253:Sakati
3245:[P311
3206:Mabiha
3200:Ndonde
3165:Mbunga
3159:Ngindo
3126:Zone P
3111:[N441
3077:Nsenga
3048:Nyanja
3029:[N201
2994:[N101
2951:Zone N
2876:French
2819:Tswana
2814:Tsonga
2784:Nambya
2779:Koisan
2651:Tsonga
2641:Tawara
2611:Phimbi
2601:Nsenga
2561:Maindo
1998:Kurara
1980:kuxapa
1861:Vowels
1815:Voiced
1724:Dental
1672:/h,hʷ/
1426:voiced
1291:voiced
982:voiced
509:voiced
307:dental
305:Labio-
259:condom
206:Ndzawu
116:(S.10)
49:Region
3781:Lenge
3775:Tonga
3746:Ronga
3709:S408
3703:S407
3697:S406
3691:S405
3685:S404
3681:Hlubi
3679:S403
3675:Bhaca
3673:S402
3657:Swati
3645:Xhosa
3626:S304
3620:S303
3614:S302
3604:Sotho
3596:S32b
3590:S32a
3584:S31d
3578:S31c
3572:S31b
3566:S31a
3551:Venda
3514:S13b
3508:S13a
3451:R312
3422:R242
3416:R241
3410:R218
3404:R217
3398:R216
3392:R215
3386:R214
3380:R213
3376:Evale
3374:R212
3329:Mbali
3327:R103
3323:Kwisi
3321:R102
3263:P341
3257:P331
3251:P312
3241:Cuabo
3235:Ngulu
3229:Lomwe
3223:Makua
3188:Mwera
3147:Ruihi
3107:Podzo
3083:Kunda
3058:N31c
3052:N31b
3046:N31a
3006:N121
3002:Nindi
3000:N102
2990:Tonga
2984:Mpoto
2972:Ngoni
2966:Manda
2886:Hindi
2850:Kunda
2829:Xhosa
2824:Venda
2809:Tonga
2804:Sotho
2799:Shona
2764:Chewa
2687:Hindi
2636:Swati
2626:Shona
2616:Ronga
2596:Ngoni
2576:Makwe
2556:Lomwe
2551:Kunda
2511:Chewa
2506:Barwe
2179:(PDF)
2172:(PDF)
2013:]
2009:[
1991:]
1987:[
1969:]
1965:[
1888:Close
1871:Front
1820:plain
1748:plain
1729:Post-
1695:/i,e/
1543:Trill
1420:Nasal
1196:ᶮd͡ʒʷ
1180:ⁿd͡zʷ
1175:ⁿd͡zᵝ
1122:t͡sᶲʼ
1084:t͡ʃʷʰ
1068:t͡sʷʰ
1063:t͡sᶲʰ
427:plain
415:plain
403:plain
391:plain
371:wstd.
365:plain
353:plain
341:plain
329:Velar
322:Post-
225:Shona
114:Shona
109:Bantu
3816:The
3773:S62
3769:Copi
3767:S61
3744:S54
3738:S53
3732:S52
3728:Tswa
3726:S51
3699:Lala
3661:S44
3655:S43
3651:Zulu
3649:S42
3643:S41
3602:S33
3592:Pedi
3549:S21
3532:S16
3528:Ndau
3526:S15
3520:S14
3516:Tebe
3502:S12
3496:S11
3468:R41
3439:R31
3362:R24
3356:R23
3350:R22
3344:R21
3309:R14
3303:R13
3297:R12
3291:R11
3247:Koti
3239:P34
3233:P33
3227:P32
3221:P31
3204:P25
3198:P24
3192:P23
3186:P22
3180:P21
3163:P15
3157:P14
3151:P13
3145:P12
3139:P11
3105:N46
3099:N45
3095:Sena
3093:N44
3087:N43
3081:N42
3075:N41
3054:Cewa
3023:N21
2988:N15
2982:N14
2976:N13
2970:N12
2964:N11
2860:Lozi
2855:Tswa
2789:Ndau
2656:Tswa
2646:Tewe
2621:Sena
2591:Ndau
2546:Koti
2531:Dema
2135:Ndau
1926:Open
1881:Back
1191:ᶮd͡ʒ
1170:ⁿd͡z
1163:ᵐb͡v
1135:t͡ʃʼ
1117:t͡sʼ
1110:p͡fʼ
1079:t͡ʃʰ
1058:t͡sʰ
1051:p͡fʰ
1025:d͡ʒʷ
1009:d͡zʷ
1004:d͡zᵝ
966:t͡ʃʷ
950:t͡sʷ
945:t͡sᶲ
803:asp.
433:lab.
421:lab.
409:lab.
397:lab.
385:pal.
378:lab.
359:lab.
347:lab.
251:AIDS
210:Njao
194:Ndau
186:S.15
120:Ndau
44:Ndau
3761:S60
3720:S50
3637:S40
3622:Pai
3560:S30
3543:S20
3490:S10
3470:Yei
3462:R40
3433:R30
3338:R20
3285:R10
3215:P30
3182:Yao
3174:P20
3133:P10
3101:Rue
3069:N40
3040:N30
3017:N20
2958:N10
2661:Yao
2137:at
2090:by
1907:Mid
1851:ᵑǃᶢ
1784:ᵏǁʰ
1779:ᵏǃʰ
1691:/r/
1685:/ɠ/
1601:β̞ʷ
1518:nʱʷ
1502:mʱʷ
1405:ᶮʒʷ
1386:ⁿzʷ
1381:ⁿzᵝ
1020:d͡ʒ
999:d͡z
992:b͡v
961:t͡ʃ
940:t͡s
933:p͡f
906:ᵑɡʷ
888:ⁿdʲ
883:ⁿdʷ
867:ᵐbʷ
856:vd.
839:ᵑkʰ
820:ⁿtʰ
809:ᵐpʰ
771:ⁿtʷ
747:vl.
621:kʰʷ
603:tʰʲ
598:tʰʷ
582:pʰʷ
234:of
153:ndc
34:or
3866::
2023:.
2011:ᵏǃ
1989:ᵏǁ
1961:hl
1835:ᶢǁ
1830:ᶢǃ
1825:ᶢǀ
1808:ᵑǁ
1803:ᵑǃ
1798:ᵑǀ
1763:ᵏǁ
1758:ᵏǃ
1753:ᵏǀ
1596:β̞
1568:rʲ
1563:rʷ
1511:nʱ
1497:mʱ
1479:ŋʷ
1469:ɲʷ
1453:nʷ
1437:mʷ
1400:ᶮʒ
1393:ⁿɮ
1376:ⁿz
1369:ᶬv
1343:ʒʷ
1333:ɮʷ
1321:zʷ
1316:zᵝ
1306:vʷ
1283:hʷ
1269:ʃʷ
1259:ɬʷ
1247:sʷ
1242:sᶲ
1232:fʷ
901:ᵑɡ
876:ⁿd
862:ᵐb
786:ᵑk
764:ⁿt
753:ᵐp
730:kʼ
711:tʼ
700:pʼ
681:)
665:ɗʲ
660:ɗʷ
644:ɓʷ
616:kʰ
591:tʰ
577:pʰ
559:ɡʷ
541:dʲ
536:dʷ
520:bʷ
497:kʷ
479:tʲ
474:tʷ
458:pʷ
238:.
212:,
208:,
204:,
200:,
90:?
59:,
55:,
3804:.
2945:)
2930:e
2923:t
2916:v
2737:e
2730:t
2723:v
2468:e
2461:t
2454:v
2258:.
2196:.
2015:.
1993:.
1971:.
1967:ɬ
1933:a
1919:o
1912:e
1900:u
1893:i
1668:.
1661:.
1654:.
1634:w
1625:j
1618:l
1556:r
1474:ŋ
1464:ɲ
1446:n
1432:m
1338:ʒ
1328:ɮ
1311:z
1301:v
1278:h
1264:ʃ
1254:ɬ
1237:s
1227:f
679:ɠ
677:(
653:ɗ
639:ɓ
554:ɡ
529:d
515:b
492:k
467:t
453:p
38:.
20:)
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