2051:
620:
1445:
534:. The term is variously used to collectively describe all the Central Shonic varieties (comprising Zezuru, Manyika, Ndau, Korekore and Karanga) or specifically Standard Shona, a variety codified in the mid-20th century. Using the broader term, the language is spoken by over 14,000,000 people.
675:, was published in 1957. Subsequently, hundreds of novels, short story collections and poetry volumes in Shona have appeared. Shona is taught in the schools, but after the first few grades it is not the general medium of instruction for subjects other than Shona grammar and literature.
655:
that was codified during the early 20th century and fixed in the 1950s. In the 1920s, the
Rhodesian administration was faced with the challenge of preparing schoolbooks and other materials in the various languages and dialects and requested the recommendation of South African linguist
804:
is . Shona is written with a phonemic orthography, with only slightly different pronunciation or grammatical differences according to variety. Shona has two tones, a high and a low tone, but these tones are not indicated in the standard writing system.
780:, spoken in eastern Zimbabwe, near Mutare specifically Chipinge. Ndau literacy material has been introduced into primary schools. Maho (2009) recognizes Korekore, Zezuru, Manyika, Karanga, and Ndau as distinct languages within the Shona cluster.
683:
The last systematic study of varieties and sub-varieties of the
Central Shona dialect continuum was that done by Clement Doke in 1930, so many sub-varieties are no longer functional and should be treated with caution.
3288:
Vanhu vese vanoberekwa vakasununguka uyewo vakaenzana pahunhu nekodzero dzavo. Vanhu vese vanechipo chokufunga nekuziva chakaipa nechakanaka saka vanofanira kubatana nomweya wohusahwira.
612:
592:
Ndau and
Kalanga are former dialects of Shona but became independent languages in 2013 because their grammar is very slightly less similar to those of Manyika, Korekore, and Zezuru.
4547:
3298:
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
3446:
4540:
699:. It is also mostly spoken in the Midlands province, most notably in Gutu, Masvingo, Mberengwa and Zvishavane districts. Some people refer it as Vhitori.
3933:
1542:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
4533:
3740:
1714:
1764:' - the apostrophe can be used after the character "n" to create a sound similar to the "-ng" from the English word "ping". An example word is
4202:
3346:
3687:
5436:
4561:
477:
361:
1709:
Whistled sibilants stirred interest among the
Western public and media in 2006, due to questions about how to pronounce the name of
772:
Languages with partial intelligibility with
Central Shona, of which the speakers are considered to be ethnically Shona, are the S15
3375:
3926:
4271:
570:
3733:
1423:
430:
3673:
5520:
3645:
3632:
3453:
4195:
3398:
5505:
3919:
1202:
1091:
5246:
5240:
5234:
5228:
4525:
1461:
1183:
1072:
420:
5515:
5500:
3726:
1405:
262:
280:
5510:
5317:
4188:
1465:
1190:
1079:
102:
3527:
1349:
1196:
1085:
730:
Subdialects: Shawasha, Gova, Mbire, Tsunga, Kachikwakwa, Harava, Nohwe, Njanja, Nobvu, Kwazvimba (Zvimba).
5393:
4002:
1416:
935:
926:
122:
2178:
In 1955, these were replaced by letters or digraphs from the basic Latin alphabet. For example, today
5329:
5323:
5281:
3838:
3798:
1007:
998:
380:
112:
107:
96:
5495:
4169:
3331:
Mikael
Parkvall, "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), in
1252:
375:
5490:
4608:
3987:
3942:
3813:
3388:
3350:
946:
4584:
3701:
1277:
1270:
1158:
1049:
1038:
1029:
748:
5439:
is geographic and its groupings do not imply a relationship between the languages within them.
5427:
4877:
4428:
4342:
3956:
3749:
3667:
3390:
Perspectives Des Études
Africaines Contemporaines: Rapport Final D'un Symposium International
1381:
1311:
1302:
874:
3333:
1320:
844:
3697:
8:
5311:
4765:
4759:
4649:
4494:
4347:
4211:
3900:
3681:
2134:
823:. This inventory is quite common cross-linguistically, with similar systems occurring in
760:
5204:
4614:
4322:
3763:
3712:
3483:
1717:
in
Zimbabwe. The BBC Pronunciation Unit recommended the pronunciation "chang-girr-ayi"
1327:
881:
869:
623:
Teacher
Ignatio Chiyaka teaching the Shona language to U.S. Peace Corps volunteers in
350:
343:
4871:
4499:
4357:
4052:
3641:
3628:
3394:
1710:
1486:
896:
886:
840:
668:
117:
2133:
From 1931 to 1955, Unified Shona was written with an alphabet developed by linguist
2042:
The letters "L", "Q", and "X" are not used in Shona and are used only in loanwords.
426:
5152:
5000:
4964:
4923:
4859:
4841:
4824:
4818:
4812:
4771:
4707:
4643:
4596:
4504:
4489:
4469:
4459:
4454:
4444:
4372:
4317:
4276:
4225:
4148:
4143:
4097:
4072:
4047:
4037:
4032:
3992:
3895:
3885:
3788:
3778:
1720:
836:
832:
828:
777:
596:
578:
566:
546:
491:
399:
395:
4555:
5358:
5352:
5305:
5198:
5192:
5186:
5134:
5128:
5071:
5059:
5042:
5036:
5030:
5024:
5018:
5012:
5006:
4994:
4988:
4982:
4935:
4929:
4917:
4883:
4783:
4777:
4695:
4557:
4509:
4484:
4479:
4464:
4449:
4387:
4382:
4367:
4362:
4337:
4307:
4297:
4261:
4246:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4077:
4067:
4027:
3880:
3823:
3818:
3447:"Just put your lips together and blow? The whistled fricatives of Southern Bantu"
1490:
1371:
1291:
891:
582:
550:
538:
408:-aga..-age)+ 99-AUT-ah (chiShanga)+ 99-AUT-ai (chiKalanga)+ 99-AUT-aj (chiNambya
328:
318:
173:
132:
127:
88:
3660:
3502:
5420:
5399:
5387:
5364:
5299:
5293:
5275:
5263:
5222:
5216:
5210:
5169:
5065:
4976:
4970:
4947:
4853:
4847:
4806:
4701:
4678:
4672:
4666:
4626:
4620:
4602:
4590:
4514:
4474:
4407:
4402:
4377:
4352:
4332:
4327:
4312:
4292:
4266:
4256:
4241:
4153:
4102:
4082:
4062:
4042:
4022:
4017:
4007:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3890:
3854:
3833:
3828:
3808:
3783:
3768:
3312:
2056:
915:
824:
705:
586:
574:
523:
392:
99-AUT-aa (standardised Shona)+ 99-AUT-ab (chiKorekore incl. varieties -aba to
198:
187:
5484:
5370:
5346:
5269:
5088:
4865:
4731:
4725:
4719:
4713:
4397:
4251:
4122:
4087:
4012:
3997:
3864:
3859:
3773:
3677:
3569:
1355:
1343:
1243:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1111:
982:
971:
962:
789:
773:
405:
208:
203:
5287:
5146:
4941:
4800:
4412:
4302:
4127:
4057:
3793:
3583:
1685:
657:
562:
542:
527:
194:
65:
3911:
3427:
553:
classification of Bantu languages, zone S.10 designates the Shonic group.
323:
313:
306:
299:
2050:
1397:
718:
717:(Chizezuru, Bazezuru, Bazuzura, Mazizuru, Vazezuru, Wazezuru). Spoken in
648:
3718:
3574:
Kuverenga Chishóna: an introductory Shona reader with grammatical sketch
16:
Bantu language of
Zimbabwe, Mozambique, parts of Zambia and South Africa
3470:
Clement M. Doke (1932). "Report on the unification of Shona dialects".
661:
628:
611:
240:
43:
4180:
3487:
2286:-, etc. Empty prefix units refer to words that do not require a prefix
619:
1679:
1501:
1497:
1170:
1059:
336:
290:
272:
254:
739:(Northern Shona, Goba, Gova, Shangwe). Spoken in northern Zimbabwe,
3602:
The problems of standardizing spoken dialects: the Shona experience
819:
756:
696:
531:
438:
225:
47:
39:
660:. The language is now described through monolingual and bilingual
4911:
3706:
1485:
Shona and other languages of Southern and Eastern Africa include
744:
652:
434:
3472:
Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London
5444:
Narrow Bantu languages by Guthrie classification zone templates
3564:
A grammatical sketch of Shona : including historical notes
1458:
we need a better explanation & preferably some sound files.
814:
752:
740:
722:
624:
600:
3479:
2171:
2159:
1726:
704:
Subdialects: Duma, Jena, Mhari (Mari), Ngova, Venda (not the
394:-abk)+ 99-AUT-ac (chiZezuru -aca..-ack)+ 99-AUT-ad (north chi
1538:
3577:
1747:
1744:
1732:
768:
Subdialects: Gova, Tande, Tavara, Nyongwe, Pfunde, Shangwe.
506:
500:
2165:
2153:
2147:
2141:
537:
The larger group of historically related languages—called
497:
437:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
3693:
1738:
1735:
1729:
1454:
needs attention from an expert in Languages or Africa
79:
5.50 million Zezuru, Karanga, Chimanyika, Korekore (2000)
3302:(Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights)
2316:) e.g. words in class 5 have accordance of the marker -
2229:) e.g. words found in class 1 and 2 describe a person:
792:. Consonants belong to the next syllable. For example,
2295:) e.g. words found in class 8 are plurals of class 7:
556:
503:
1741:
1723:
494:
3532:African Studies Center - African Languages at Penn
3528:"Dzidzai Shona pa Kombiyuta - The Shona Alphabet"
1543:Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet
776:, spoken in Mozambique and Zimbabwe, and the S13
5482:
3688:Basic Shona language course (book + audio files)
3640:, Afro Asiatic Languages Edition, Sept 5, 2000,
3627:, Afro Asiatic Languages Edition, Sept 5, 2000,
3557:A Shona dictionary with an outline Shona grammar
695:(Chikaranga). Spoken in southern Zimbabwe, near
3588:Report on the unification of the Shona dialects
3469:
847:even if they fall in succession. For example,
4541:
4196:
3927:
3734:
2301:("schools") in class 8 is the plural form of
1770:, which is the word for a traditional healer.
647:Shona is a written standard language with an
410:-aja..-ajc)+ 99-AUT-ak (chiLilima -aka..-akf)
77:6.5 million, Shona proper (2000 to 2007)
5468:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones N–S)
5463:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)
5458:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones E–H)
5453:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)
5448:Template:Narrow Bantu languages (Zones A–B)
3941:
3684:, with audio and translations into English.
3503:"Shona word n'anga in the Shona Dictionary"
3444:
3286:
3268:
3261:
3254:
3247:
3232:
3225:
3218:
3211:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3160:
3151:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3097:
3090:
3083:
3076:
3061:
3054:
3047:
3040:
3025:
3018:
3011:
3004:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2968:
2953:
2946:
2939:
2932:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2896:
2881:
2874:
2867:
2860:
2845:
2838:
2831:
2824:
2809:
2802:
2795:
2788:
2773:
2766:
2759:
2752:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2716:
2701:
2694:
2687:
2680:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2629:
2622:
2615:
2608:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2557:
2550:
2543:
2536:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2500:
2485:
2478:
2471:
2464:
2449:
2440:
2422:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2371:
2356:
2350:
2345:
2339:
2334:
2328:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2281:
2275:
2269:
2263:
2257:
2248:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2224:
2214:
2204:
2033:
2024:
2015:
2006:
1997:
1988:
1979:
1970:
1961:
1952:
1943:
1934:
1925:
1916:
1907:
1898:
1889:
1880:
1871:
1862:
1853:
1844:
1835:
1826:
1817:
1808:
1799:
1790:
1781:
1765:
1715:Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai
1696:
1671:
1653:
1635:
1618:
1600:
1582:
1564:
1549:
1527:
848:
799:
793:
638:
632:
27:
4548:
4534:
4203:
4189:
3934:
3920:
3741:
3727:
3452:. University of California. Archived from
687:According to information from Ethnologue:
3748:
3694:Biblical study material in Shona language
3386:
3370:
3368:
2049:
1688:. Only found in Ngova, Karanga dialect.
618:
610:
4210:
3638:Duramazwi: A Shona - English Dictionary
3281:
2213:Shona nouns are grouped by noun class (
853:? ("Where do you go?") is pronounced .
431:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
5483:
3696:(publications, video and audio files,
3559:(revised edition). The Jesuit Fathers.
3500:
3365:
2045:
1468:may be able to help recruit an expert.
303: – Zezuru, Karanga, Korekore
81:5.8 million incl. Manyika, (2000–2006)
4529:
4184:
3915:
3722:
3595:Shona Grammatical Constructions Vol 1
2367:
1758:
1434:
866:
818:
3347:"Ethnologue report for Shona (S.10)"
3325:
2262:) e.g. words in class 1 have prefix
1489:, (this should not be confused with
1438:
3690:USA Foreign Service Institute (FSI)
1496:Shona's whistled sibilants are the
861:The consonant sounds of Shona are:
557:Languages that are related to Shona
402:-aea..-aeg)+ 99-AUT-af (chiKaranga
398:-ada..-adk)+ 99-AUT-ae (central chi
13:
5426:Languages between parentheses are
3613:Le shona et les shonas du Zimbabwe
3415:The Linguistics Student’s Handbook
14:
5532:
3661:"The History of the Shona People"
3653:
1422:
1415:
1404:
1380:
1354:
1342:
1326:
1319:
1310:
1301:
1276:
1269:
1251:
1242:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1201:
1189:
1182:
1157:
1131:
1124:
1117:
1110:
1090:
1078:
1071:
1048:
1037:
1028:
1006:
997:
981:
970:
961:
945:
934:
925:
3625:Basic English – Shona dictionary
1719:
1443:
798:("morning") is syllabified as ;
721:east and central Zimbabwe, near
615:Knowledge in the Shona language.
490:
3549:
3520:
3376:New Updated Guthrie List Online
2322:- with pronouns and modifiers:
2137:. This included these letters:
2128:
5430:of the language on their left.
3494:
3463:
3438:
3420:
3407:
3393:. Deutsche UNESCO-Kommission.
3387:Haberland, Eike (3 May 1974).
3380:
3339:
606:
310: – Tavara (Korekore)
1:
3318:
856:
627:, Zimbabwe. The words on the
1592:(Shangwe, Korekore dialect)
783:
678:
561:Shona is closely related to
7:
3306:
2289:Singular and plural forms (
1774:
1537:"sv" can be represented by
1456:. The specific problem is:
843:. Each vowel is pronounced
664:(chiefly Shona – English).
541:by linguists—also includes
404:-afa..-aff)+ 99-AUT-ag (chi
10:
5537:
2197:
667:The first novel in Shona,
5521:Languages of South Africa
5412:
5379:
5338:
5255:
5178:
5161:
5108:
5101:
5080:
5051:
4956:
4903:
4896:
4833:
4792:
4751:
4744:
4687:
4658:
4635:
4576:
4569:
4437:
4421:
4285:
4234:
4218:
4162:
4136:
3965:
3949:
3873:
3847:
3756:
3403:– via Google Books.
2384:
2379:
2370:
1684:
1645:(Gova, Korekore dialect)
1625:"he/she was unsuccessful"
1610:(Tsunga, Zezuru dialect)
1536:
1523:
1396:
1370:
1290:
1169:
1058:
914:
895:
890:
885:
880:
873:
868:
808:
595:Shona is also similar to
539:Shona or Shonic languages
473:
465:
457:
449:
417:
374:
358:
334:
288:
270:
252:
247:
231:
221:Official language in
219:
214:
184:
161:
85:
71:
61:
53:
35:
26:
21:
4170:Mozambican Sign Language
3668:Pan African Localization
3593:Fortune, George (1985).
3562:Brauner, Sigmund (1995)
3374:Jouni Filip Maho, 2009.
725:. The standard language.
5506:Languages of Mozambique
3943:Languages of Mozambique
3615:, Harmattan éd., Paris
3576:(2nd edition). London:
5437:Guthrie classification
4562:Guthrie classification
3611:Lafon, Michel (1995),
3590:. Stephen Austin Sons.
3566:. Köln: Rüdiger Koppe.
3287:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3233:
3226:
3219:
3212:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3161:
3152:
3134:
3127:
3120:
3113:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3062:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3026:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2990:
2983:
2976:
2969:
2954:
2947:
2940:
2933:
2918:
2911:
2904:
2897:
2882:
2875:
2868:
2861:
2846:
2839:
2832:
2825:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2774:
2767:
2760:
2753:
2738:
2731:
2724:
2717:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2681:
2666:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2630:
2623:
2616:
2609:
2594:
2587:
2580:
2573:
2558:
2551:
2544:
2537:
2522:
2515:
2508:
2501:
2486:
2479:
2472:
2465:
2450:
2441:
2423:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2372:
2357:
2351:
2346:
2340:
2335:
2329:
2324:
2318:
2312:
2307:("school") in class 7.
2303:
2297:
2291:
2282:
2276:
2270:
2264:
2258:
2249:
2243:
2237:
2231:
2225:
2215:
2205:
2060:
2034:
2025:
2016:
2007:
1998:
1989:
1980:
1971:
1962:
1953:
1944:
1935:
1926:
1917:
1908:
1899:
1890:
1881:
1872:
1863:
1854:
1845:
1836:
1827:
1818:
1809:
1800:
1791:
1782:
1766:
1697:
1672:
1654:
1636:
1619:
1601:
1583:
1565:
1550:
1528:
1500:"sv" and "zv" and the
849:
800:
794:
644:
639:
633:
616:
519:
419:This article contains
28:
5516:Languages of Zimbabwe
5501:Languages of Botswana
4429:Zambian Sign Language
3750:Languages of Zimbabwe
3715:Table of Noun Classes
3600:Mutasa, David (1996)
2054:Shona version of the
2053:
1462:WikiProject Languages
813:Shona has a simple 5-
622:
614:
4286:Indigenous languages
3966:Indigenous languages
3848:Unofficial languages
3501:Ndambakuwa, Victor.
3413:Laurie Bauer, 2007,
3334:Nationalencyklopedin
3282:Sample text in Shona
2996:"those little dogs"
2385:English translation
2333:("this crocodile"),
2174:(z with swash tail).
2162:(s with swash tail),
1713:, the leader of the
549:(Western Shona). In
545:(Eastern Shona) and
5511:Languages of Zambia
4650:Mwera of Mbamba Bay
4438:Immigrant languages
4212:Languages of Zambia
4137:Immigrant languages
3874:Immigrant languages
3702:Jehovah's Witnesses
3682:Chirikure Chirikure
3555:Biehler, E. (1950)
3353:on 19 February 2015
2135:Clement Martyn Doke
2046:Letter combinations
820:[a,e,i,o,u]
637:("dress self") and
233:Recognised minority
5282:(Northern) Ndebele
4235:Regional languages
3764:Zimbabwean English
3757:Official languages
2960:"that little dog"
2188:⟨zv⟩
2180:⟨sv⟩
2061:
1759:Special characters
1466:WikiProject Africa
1435:Whistled sibilants
788:Shona allows only
645:
617:
569:and is related to
5476:
5475:
5421:extinct languages
5408:
5407:
5097:
5096:
5066:North-West Herero
4892:
4891:
4740:
4739:
4523:
4522:
4219:Official language
4178:
4177:
3950:Official language
3909:
3908:
3445:Ryan K. Shorsed.
3279:
3278:
2382:Prefix+body=word
2380:Word construction
2377:("word example")
2373:Muenzaniso weIzwi
2355:("this baboon");
2235:("person") is in
2192:⟨ɀ⟩
2184:⟨ȿ⟩
1711:Morgan Tsvangirai
1707:
1706:
1663:(Standard Shona)
1574:(Standard Shona)
1534:"shooting stars"
1504:"tsv" and "dzv".
1483:
1482:
1432:
1431:
1339:
1298:
1262:
1216:
1177:
1146:
1105:
1066:
1025:
994:
958:
922:
910:
905:
669:Solomon Mutswairo
483:
482:
445:
444:
427:rendering support
423:phonetic symbols.
347: Core Shona
5528:
5330:Sumayela Ndebele
5106:
5105:
5043:Kolonkadhi-Eunda
4901:
4900:
4749:
4748:
4574:
4573:
4560:(Zones N–S) (by
4550:
4543:
4536:
4527:
4526:
4205:
4198:
4191:
4182:
4181:
3936:
3929:
3922:
3913:
3912:
3743:
3736:
3729:
3720:
3719:
3713:Mipanda Yemazita
3709:Shona Dictionary
3707:Shona Dictionary
3674:Example of Shona
3664:
3618:
3606:Language Matters
3597:. Mercury Press.
3584:Doke, Clement M.
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3498:
3492:
3491:
3467:
3461:
3460:
3459:on 29 June 2011.
3458:
3451:
3442:
3436:
3435:
3424:
3418:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3384:
3378:
3372:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3349:. Archived from
3343:
3337:
3329:
3290:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3236:
3229:
3222:
3215:
3200:
3193:
3186:
3179:
3164:
3155:
3137:
3130:
3123:
3116:
3101:
3094:
3087:
3080:
3065:
3058:
3051:
3044:
3029:
3022:
3015:
3008:
2993:
2986:
2979:
2972:
2957:
2950:
2943:
2936:
2921:
2914:
2907:
2900:
2885:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2849:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2813:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2777:
2770:
2763:
2756:
2741:
2734:
2727:
2720:
2705:
2698:
2691:
2684:
2669:
2662:
2655:
2648:
2633:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2597:
2590:
2583:
2576:
2564:"father-in-law"
2561:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2504:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2468:
2453:
2444:
2426:
2419:
2412:
2405:
2375:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2349:
2344:("this stone"),
2343:
2338:
2332:
2327:
2321:
2315:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2285:
2279:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2234:
2228:
2218:
2208:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2037:
2028:
2019:
2010:
2001:
1992:
1983:
1974:
1965:
1956:
1947:
1938:
1929:
1920:
1911:
1902:
1893:
1884:
1875:
1866:
1857:
1848:
1839:
1830:
1821:
1812:
1803:
1794:
1785:
1769:
1754:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1700:
1675:
1657:
1639:
1622:
1604:
1586:
1568:
1553:
1531:
1507:
1506:
1487:whistling sounds
1478:
1475:
1469:
1447:
1446:
1439:
1426:
1419:
1408:
1384:
1358:
1351:
1346:
1337:
1330:
1323:
1314:
1305:
1296:
1280:
1273:
1260:
1255:
1246:
1239:
1232:
1225:
1214:
1205:
1198:
1193:
1186:
1175:
1161:
1144:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1114:
1103:
1094:
1087:
1082:
1075:
1064:
1052:
1041:
1032:
1023:
1010:
1001:
992:
985:
974:
965:
956:
949:
938:
929:
920:
908:
903:
864:
863:
852:
822:
803:
797:
778:Manyika language
642:
636:
513:
512:
509:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
447:
446:
370:
364:
353:
346:
326:
316:
309:
302:
293:
284:
283:
275:
266:
265:
257:
235:language in
190:
123:Southern Bantoid
91:
31:
19:
18:
5536:
5535:
5531:
5530:
5529:
5527:
5526:
5525:
5496:Shona languages
5481:
5480:
5477:
5472:
5404:
5375:
5334:
5251:
5174:
5157:
5093:
5076:
5072:Botswana Herero
5047:
4952:
4888:
4878:Lomwe of Malawi
4829:
4788:
4736:
4683:
4654:
4631:
4627:Ngoni of Malawi
4565:
4558:Bantu languages
4554:
4524:
4519:
4433:
4417:
4281:
4230:
4214:
4209:
4179:
4174:
4158:
4132:
3961:
3945:
3940:
3910:
3905:
3869:
3843:
3752:
3747:
3670:report on Shona
3659:
3656:
3616:
3552:
3547:
3546:
3536:
3534:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3511:
3509:
3507:VaShona Project
3499:
3495:
3468:
3464:
3456:
3449:
3443:
3439:
3426:
3425:
3421:
3412:
3408:
3401:
3385:
3381:
3373:
3366:
3356:
3354:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3330:
3326:
3321:
3309:
3284:
2381:
2376:
2292:Uwandu neushoma
2247:("girl") is in
2200:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2131:
2048:
1777:
1761:
1722:
1718:
1491:whistled speech
1479:
1473:
1470:
1460:
1448:
1444:
1437:
876:
859:
811:
786:
681:
609:
559:
493:
489:
425:Without proper
413:
409:
403:
393:
389:
388:
368:
365:
360:
349:
348:
342:
322:
321:
312:
311:
305:
304:
298:
297:
289:
279:
278:
271:
261:
260:
253:
243:
236:
234:
222:
215:Official status
207:
202:
191:
186:
157:
133:Shona languages
92:
89:Language family
87:
80:
78:
74:
73:Native speakers
57:Southern Africa
17:
12:
11:
5:
5534:
5524:
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5491:Shona language
5474:
5473:
5471:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5455:
5450:
5445:
5441:
5440:
5432:
5431:
5424:
5413:
5410:
5409:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5402:
5396:
5390:
5383:
5381:
5377:
5376:
5374:
5373:
5367:
5361:
5355:
5349:
5342:
5340:
5336:
5335:
5333:
5332:
5326:
5320:
5314:
5308:
5302:
5296:
5290:
5284:
5278:
5272:
5266:
5259:
5257:
5253:
5252:
5250:
5249:
5243:
5237:
5231:
5225:
5219:
5213:
5207:
5201:
5195:
5189:
5182:
5180:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5172:
5165:
5163:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5155:
5149:
5143:
5137:
5131:
5125:
5119:
5112:
5110:
5103:
5099:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5091:
5084:
5082:
5078:
5077:
5075:
5074:
5068:
5062:
5055:
5053:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5045:
5039:
5033:
5027:
5021:
5015:
5009:
5003:
4997:
4991:
4985:
4979:
4973:
4967:
4960:
4958:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4944:
4938:
4932:
4926:
4920:
4914:
4907:
4905:
4898:
4894:
4893:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4880:
4874:
4868:
4862:
4856:
4850:
4844:
4837:
4835:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4827:
4821:
4815:
4809:
4803:
4796:
4794:
4790:
4789:
4787:
4786:
4780:
4774:
4768:
4762:
4755:
4753:
4746:
4742:
4741:
4738:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4728:
4722:
4716:
4710:
4704:
4698:
4691:
4689:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4681:
4675:
4669:
4662:
4660:
4656:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4646:
4639:
4637:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4629:
4623:
4617:
4611:
4605:
4599:
4593:
4587:
4580:
4578:
4571:
4567:
4566:
4553:
4552:
4545:
4538:
4530:
4521:
4520:
4518:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4441:
4439:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4425:
4423:
4422:Sign languages
4419:
4418:
4416:
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4289:
4287:
4283:
4282:
4280:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4238:
4236:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4222:
4220:
4216:
4215:
4208:
4207:
4200:
4193:
4185:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4172:
4166:
4164:
4163:Sign languages
4160:
4159:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4140:
4138:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3969:
3967:
3963:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3953:
3951:
3947:
3946:
3939:
3938:
3931:
3924:
3916:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3877:
3875:
3871:
3870:
3868:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3760:
3758:
3754:
3753:
3746:
3745:
3738:
3731:
3723:
3717:
3716:
3710:
3704:
3691:
3685:
3671:
3665:
3655:
3654:External links
3652:
3651:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3646:978-0869220146
3635:
3633:978-0869220146
3619:
3609:
3598:
3591:
3581:
3567:
3560:
3551:
3548:
3545:
3544:
3519:
3493:
3462:
3437:
3419:
3406:
3399:
3379:
3364:
3338:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3313:Shona calendar
3308:
3305:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3276:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3205:
3204:
3203:"in the farm"
3201:
3194:
3187:
3180:
3173:
3169:
3168:
3165:
3158:
3156:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3131:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3095:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3038:
3034:
3033:
3032:"mealie meal"
3030:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2962:
2961:
2958:
2951:
2944:
2937:
2930:
2926:
2925:
2922:
2915:
2908:
2901:
2894:
2890:
2889:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2858:
2854:
2853:
2850:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2782:
2781:
2778:
2771:
2764:
2757:
2750:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2699:
2692:
2685:
2678:
2674:
2673:
2670:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2642:
2638:
2637:
2634:
2627:
2620:
2613:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2598:
2591:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2541:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2528:"best friend"
2526:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2469:
2462:
2458:
2457:
2454:
2447:
2445:
2438:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2420:
2413:
2406:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2383:
2378:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2308:
2287:
2254:
2203:Noun classes (
2199:
2196:
2176:
2175:
2169:
2168:(v with hook),
2163:
2157:
2151:
2150:(d with hook),
2145:
2144:(b with hook),
2130:
2127:
2126:
2125:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2057:Book of Mormon
2047:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2030:
2021:
2012:
2003:
1994:
1985:
1976:
1967:
1958:
1949:
1940:
1931:
1922:
1913:
1904:
1895:
1886:
1877:
1868:
1859:
1850:
1841:
1832:
1823:
1814:
1805:
1796:
1787:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1760:
1757:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1683:
1676:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1651:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1607:"gold nuggets"
1605:
1602:zvizvuvhutswa'
1598:
1594:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:masvavembasvwi
1580:
1576:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1546:
1545:
1535:
1532:
1525:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1481:
1480:
1451:
1449:
1442:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1402:
1400:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1352:
1347:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1324:
1317:
1315:
1308:
1306:
1299:
1294:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1274:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1257:
1256:
1249:
1247:
1240:
1233:
1226:
1219:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1199:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1178:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1141:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1129:
1122:
1115:
1108:
1106:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1095:
1088:
1083:
1076:
1069:
1067:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1053:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1035:
1033:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1004:
1002:
995:
989:
988:
986:
979:
977:
975:
968:
966:
959:
953:
952:
950:
943:
941:
939:
932:
930:
923:
918:
912:
911:
906:
900:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
872:
867:
858:
855:
810:
807:
790:open syllables
785:
782:
770:
769:
765:
764:
732:
731:
727:
726:
710:
709:
706:Venda language
701:
700:
680:
677:
608:
605:
558:
555:
524:Bantu language
481:
480:
475:
471:
470:
467:
463:
462:
459:
455:
454:
451:
443:
442:
429:, you may see
415:
414:
412:
411:
386:
385:
384:
378:
372:
371:
366:
359:
356:
355:
340:
332:
331:
329:Tewe (Manyika)
294:
286:
285:
276:
268:
267:
258:
250:
249:
248:Language codes
245:
244:
239:
237:
232:
229:
228:
223:
220:
217:
216:
212:
211:
199:Shona alphabet
192:
188:Writing system
185:
182:
181:
180:
179:
176:
171:
168:
163:
159:
158:
156:
155:
154:
153:
152:
151:
150:
149:
148:
147:
146:
145:
144:
143:
142:
141:
103:Atlantic–Congo
95:
93:
86:
83:
82:
75:
72:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
55:
51:
50:
37:
36:Native to
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5533:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5479:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5443:
5442:
5438:
5434:
5433:
5429:
5425:
5422:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5411:
5401:
5397:
5395:
5391:
5389:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5378:
5372:
5368:
5366:
5362:
5360:
5356:
5354:
5350:
5348:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5337:
5331:
5327:
5325:
5324:South Ndebele
5321:
5319:
5315:
5313:
5309:
5307:
5303:
5301:
5297:
5295:
5291:
5289:
5285:
5283:
5279:
5277:
5273:
5271:
5267:
5265:
5261:
5260:
5258:
5254:
5248:
5244:
5242:
5238:
5236:
5232:
5230:
5226:
5224:
5220:
5218:
5214:
5212:
5208:
5206:
5202:
5200:
5196:
5194:
5190:
5188:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5177:
5171:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5160:
5154:
5150:
5148:
5144:
5142:
5138:
5136:
5132:
5130:
5126:
5124:
5120:
5118:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5107:
5104:
5100:
5090:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5079:
5073:
5069:
5067:
5063:
5061:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5050:
5044:
5040:
5038:
5034:
5032:
5028:
5026:
5022:
5020:
5016:
5014:
5010:
5008:
5004:
5002:
4998:
4996:
4992:
4990:
4986:
4984:
4980:
4978:
4974:
4972:
4968:
4966:
4962:
4961:
4959:
4955:
4949:
4945:
4943:
4939:
4937:
4933:
4931:
4927:
4925:
4921:
4919:
4915:
4913:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4902:
4899:
4895:
4885:
4881:
4879:
4875:
4873:
4869:
4867:
4863:
4861:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4849:
4845:
4843:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4832:
4826:
4822:
4820:
4816:
4814:
4810:
4808:
4804:
4802:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4791:
4785:
4781:
4779:
4775:
4773:
4769:
4767:
4763:
4761:
4757:
4756:
4754:
4750:
4747:
4743:
4733:
4729:
4727:
4723:
4721:
4717:
4715:
4711:
4709:
4705:
4703:
4699:
4697:
4693:
4692:
4690:
4686:
4680:
4676:
4674:
4670:
4668:
4664:
4663:
4661:
4657:
4651:
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4645:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4634:
4628:
4624:
4622:
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4616:
4612:
4610:
4606:
4604:
4600:
4598:
4594:
4592:
4588:
4586:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4575:
4572:
4568:
4563:
4559:
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4546:
4544:
4539:
4537:
4532:
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4528:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4436:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4420:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4284:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4233:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4217:
4213:
4206:
4201:
4199:
4194:
4192:
4187:
4186:
4183:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4161:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4135:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
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4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
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4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3958:
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3925:
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3899:
3897:
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3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3872:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3850:
3846:
3840:
3839:Zimbabwe Sign
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3761:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3744:
3739:
3737:
3732:
3730:
3725:
3724:
3721:
3714:
3711:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3692:
3689:
3686:
3683:
3680:page on poet
3679:
3678:Lyrikline.org
3675:
3672:
3669:
3666:
3662:
3658:
3657:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3614:
3610:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3596:
3592:
3589:
3585:
3582:
3579:
3575:
3571:
3570:Carter, Hazel
3568:
3565:
3561:
3558:
3554:
3553:
3533:
3529:
3523:
3508:
3504:
3497:
3489:
3485:
3482:: 1097–1099.
3481:
3477:
3473:
3466:
3455:
3448:
3441:
3433:
3429:
3423:
3416:
3410:
3402:
3400:9783794052257
3396:
3392:
3391:
3383:
3377:
3371:
3369:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3328:
3324:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3291:
3289:
3274:
3271:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3253:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3235:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3181:
3178:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3140:"rural home"
3139:
3136:
3132:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3118:
3115:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3100:
3096:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3043:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3017:
3014:
3010:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2981:
2978:
2974:
2971:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2956:
2952:
2949:
2945:
2942:
2938:
2935:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2916:
2913:
2909:
2906:
2902:
2899:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2870:
2866:
2863:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2812:
2808:
2805:
2801:
2798:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2776:
2772:
2769:
2765:
2762:
2758:
2755:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2736:
2733:
2729:
2726:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2712:
2711:
2707:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2643:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2560:
2556:
2553:
2549:
2546:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2527:
2524:
2520:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2495:
2491:
2488:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2474:
2470:
2467:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2428:
2425:
2421:
2418:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2374:
2366:
2361:means 'this'.
2359:
2353:
2348:
2342:
2337:
2331:
2326:
2320:
2314:
2313:Sungawirirano
2309:
2305:
2299:
2293:
2288:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2266:
2260:
2255:
2251:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2227:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2211:
2210:
2207:
2195:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2156:(n with leg),
2155:
2152:
2149:
2146:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2052:
2043:
2036:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1946:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1914:
1910:
1905:
1901:
1896:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1865:
1860:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1838:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1778:
1768:
1763:
1762:
1756:
1752:
1716:
1712:
1702:
1699:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1687:
1686:Dental clicks
1681:
1677:
1674:
1670:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1644:
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1634:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1599:
1596:
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1591:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1570:
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1563:
1560:
1559:
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1540:
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1526:
1522:
1518:
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1512:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1477:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1452:This section
1450:
1441:
1440:
1428:
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1421:
1418:
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1410:
1407:
1403:
1401:
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1395:
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1388:
1386:
1383:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1345:
1341:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1218:
1213:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1200:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1179:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1109:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1070:
1068:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1003:
1000:
996:
991:
990:
987:
984:
980:
978:
976:
973:
969:
967:
964:
960:
955:
954:
951:
948:
944:
942:
940:
937:
933:
931:
928:
924:
919:
917:
913:
907:
902:
901:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
871:
865:
862:
854:
851:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
821:
816:
806:
802:
796:
791:
781:
779:
775:
774:Ndau language
767:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
733:
729:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
711:
707:
703:
702:
698:
694:
690:
689:
688:
685:
676:
674:
670:
665:
663:
659:
654:
650:
641:
635:
630:
626:
621:
613:
604:
602:
598:
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584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
554:
552:
548:
544:
540:
535:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
511:
487:
479:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
422:
416:
407:
401:
397:
391:
390:
382:
379:
377:
373:
367:
363:
357:
354: Tawara
352:
345:
341:
339:
338:
333:
330:
327: –
325:
320:
317: –
315:
308:
301:
295:
292:
287:
282:
277:
274:
269:
264:
259:
256:
251:
246:
242:
238:
230:
227:
224:
218:
213:
210:
209:Shona Braille
205:
204:Arabic script
200:
196:
193:
189:
183:
177:
175:
172:
169:
166:
165:
164:
160:
140:
137:
136:
134:
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41:
38:
34:
30:
25:
20:
5478:
5416:
5140:
5122:
5116:
4392:
4343:Mambwe-Lungu
4092:
3803:
3698:online bible
3637:
3624:
3612:
3605:
3601:
3594:
3587:
3573:
3563:
3556:
3550:Bibliography
3535:. Retrieved
3531:
3522:
3510:. Retrieved
3506:
3496:
3475:
3471:
3465:
3454:the original
3440:
3431:
3422:
3414:
3409:
3389:
3382:
3355:. Retrieved
3351:the original
3341:
3332:
3327:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3293:
3292:
3285:
2744:"scorpions"
2280:-, class 11
2274:-, class 10
2259:Chivakashure
2219:) based on:
2212:
2202:
2201:
2190:is used for
2182:is used for
2177:
2132:
2129:Old alphabet
2055:
2041:
1708:
1637:huzvweverere
1541:͎, from the
1495:
1484:
1471:
1457:
1453:
1261:prenasalized
1145:prenasalized
1024:prenasalized
860:
850:Unoenda kupi
812:
787:
771:
736:
714:
692:
686:
682:
672:
666:
662:dictionaries
658:Clement Doke
646:
594:
591:
560:
536:
528:Shona people
515:
485:
484:
418:
376:Linguasphere
362:Guthrie code
335:
195:Latin script
138:
66:Shona people
4732:Sena-Malawi
3617:(in French)
3537:10 December
3512:30 November
3417:, Edinburgh
3357:19 February
3294:Translation
2708:"scorpion"
2545:vanatezvara
2368:Noun class
2310:Agreement (
2268:-, class 8
1703:"tortoise"
1529:masvosvobwa
1516:translation
1474:August 2008
1398:Approximant
719:Mashonaland
649:orthography
607:Instruction
433:instead of
113:Benue–Congo
108:Volta-Congo
97:Niger–Congo
5485:Categories
5312:Nhlangwini
5288:Old Mfengu
5229:Phalaborwa
5025:Dombondola
4760:Ndengereko
4495:Portuguese
4348:Mbamba Bay
3957:Portuguese
3901:Portuguese
3432:Ethnologue
3319:References
3275:"big boy"
2226:Zvaanoreva
2223:Meanings (
1698:chisvcamba
1660:"to dodge"
1642:"emotions"
1502:affricates
1498:fricatives
857:Consonants
845:separately
795:mangwanani
708:), Govera.
643:("shirt").
629:blackboard
296:Variously:
241:Mozambique
206:(formerly)
44:Mozambique
5428:varieties
5419:indicate
5205:Khalaxadi
5037:Kwaluudhi
5013:Ndongwena
4983:Ngandyera
4615:Ndendeule
4323:Lala-Bisa
3621:D. Dale:
3220:svimbudzi
2888:"houses"
2509:vasahwira
2456:"father"
1680:Milky Way
1589:"schemer"
1464: or
1176:voiceless
1171:Fricative
1065:voiceless
1060:Affricate
993:implosive
921:voiceless
784:Phonology
761:Centenary
749:Mt Darwin
679:Varieties
551:Guthrie's
337:Glottolog
291:ISO 639-3
273:ISO 639-2
255:ISO 639-1
62:Ethnicity
5117:Korekore
5007:Mbalanhu
4965:Kwanyama
4679:Manganja
4500:Japanese
4373:Nkangala
4358:Mbukushu
4053:Nathembo
3988:Chitonga
3983:Chichopi
3774:Chibarwe
3608:, 27, 79
3307:See also
3256:zigomana
3167:"below"
3068:"going"
2924:"river"
2852:"house"
2816:"bread"
2780:"bread"
2672:"trees"
2559:-tezvara
2523:-sahwira
2473:vakomana
2410:mukomana
2256:Prefix (
2244:musikana
2070:dzv - }}
1775:Alphabet
1673:muzvcazi
1551:masvosve
909:whistled
882:Alveolar
870:Bilabial
841:Japanese
817:system:
801:Zimbabwe
757:Chiweshe
737:Korekore
697:Masvingo
532:Zimbabwe
520:chiShona
469:chiShona
466:Language
439:Help:IPA
381:99-AUT-a
351:tawa1270
344:core1255
226:Zimbabwe
167:Korekore
162:Dialects
48:Botswana
40:Zimbabwe
29:chiShona
5417:Italics
5371:Hlengwe
5153:Kalanga
5141:Karanga
5129:Manyika
5019:Kwankwa
5001:Mbandja
4924:Nyaneka
4912:Umbundu
4813:Makonde
4772:Matumbi
4708:Nyungwe
4644:Tumbuka
4597:Matengo
4556:Narrow
4505:Russian
4490:Chinese
4470:Italian
4460:Spanish
4455:Punjabi
4445:English
4318:Kwangwa
4277:Tumbuka
4226:English
4149:Punjabi
4144:English
4098:Swahili
4073:Nyungwe
4048:Manyika
4038:Makonde
4033:Makhuwa
4008:Kimwani
4003:Gitonga
3993:Chuwabu
3896:Chinese
3886:Punjabi
3799:Ndebele
3779:Kalanga
3586:(1931)
3572:(1986)
3428:"Shona"
3270:-gomana
3239:"goat"
3234:-mbudzi
3184:mumunda
3121:kumusha
3104:"home"
2797:zvingwa
2761:chingwa
2636:"tree"
2600:"aunt"
2492:"boys"
2487:-komana
2424:-komana
2390:Prefix
2304:chikoro
2298:zvikoro
2250:mupanda
2238:mupanda
2216:mupanda
2206:mupanda
2198:Grammar
1655:nzvenga
1620:akadzva
1571:"sweep"
1566:tsvaira
1556:"ants"
1513:example
1338:breathy
1215:breathy
1104:breathy
957:breathy
916:Plosive
897:Glottal
887:Palatal
837:Swahili
833:Tagalog
829:Spanish
745:Bindura
693:Karanga
653:grammar
597:Swahili
579:Tumbuka
567:Kalanga
547:Kalanga
526:of the
522:) is a
478:MaShona
474:Country
461:VaShona
453:MuShona
435:Unicode
400:Manyika
396:Manyika
319:Manyika
178:Karanga
174:Manyika
118:Bantoid
5398:[S611
5369:[S511
5359:Tsonga
5353:Gwamba
5306:Phuthi
5286:[S401
5247:Pulana
5235:Kutswe
5227:[S301
5217:Lobedu
5199:Ngwatu
5193:Kgatla
5187:Tswana
5123:Zezuru
5102:Zone S
5064:[R311
5060:Herero
5031:Esinga
4989:Kafima
4987:[R211
4977:Kwambi
4971:Ndonga
4936:Kuvale
4934:[R101
4930:Khumbi
4918:Ndombe
4897:Zone R
4884:Moniga
4872:Sakati
4864:[P311
4825:Mabiha
4819:Ndonde
4784:Mbunga
4778:Ngindo
4745:Zone P
4730:[N441
4696:Nsenga
4667:Nyanja
4648:[N201
4613:[N101
4570:Zone N
4510:Danish
4485:Arabic
4480:Hebrew
4465:German
4450:French
4388:Shanjo
4383:Nsenga
4368:Mwanga
4363:Mbunda
4338:Luyana
4308:Kuhane
4298:Chokwe
4267:Nyanja
4262:Luvale
4247:Kaonde
4118:Tsonga
4108:Tawara
4078:Phimbi
4068:Nsenga
4028:Maindo
3881:French
3824:Tswana
3819:Tsonga
3789:Nambya
3784:Koisan
3644:
3631:
3488:606944
3486:
3397:
3198:-munda
3135:-musha
3049:kuenda
2977:tumbwa
2941:kambwa
2869:dzimba
2725:marize
2429:"boy"
2241:1 and
2118:tsv -
2103:nzv -
2079:mbw -
1767:n'anga
1519:notes
877:dental
875:Labio-
815:vowels
809:Vowels
753:Guruve
741:Mvurwi
723:Harare
715:Zezuru
625:Zhombe
601:Tswana
583:Tsonga
458:People
450:Person
369:S.7–10
170:Zezuru
135:(S.10)
54:Region
5400:Lenge
5394:Tonga
5365:Ronga
5328:S408
5322:S407
5316:S406
5310:S405
5304:S404
5300:Hlubi
5298:S403
5294:Bhaca
5292:S402
5276:Swati
5264:Xhosa
5245:S304
5239:S303
5233:S302
5223:Sotho
5215:S32b
5209:S32a
5203:S31d
5197:S31c
5191:S31b
5185:S31a
5170:Venda
5133:S13b
5127:S13a
5070:R312
5041:R242
5035:R241
5029:R218
5023:R217
5017:R216
5011:R215
5005:R214
4999:R213
4995:Evale
4993:R212
4948:Mbali
4946:R103
4942:Kwisi
4940:R102
4882:P341
4876:P331
4870:P312
4860:Cuabo
4854:Ngulu
4848:Lomwe
4842:Makua
4807:Mwera
4766:Ruihi
4726:Podzo
4702:Kunda
4677:N31c
4671:N31b
4665:N31a
4625:N121
4621:Nindi
4619:N102
4609:Tonga
4603:Mpoto
4591:Ngoni
4585:Manda
4515:Dutch
4475:Hindi
4408:Wanda
4403:Tabwa
4393:Shona
4378:Nkoya
4353:Mbowe
4333:Lenje
4328:Lamba
4313:Kunda
4293:Bwile
4272:Tonga
4257:Lunda
4242:Bemba
4154:Hindi
4103:Swati
4093:Shona
4083:Ronga
4063:Ngoni
4043:Makwe
4023:Lomwe
4018:Kunda
3978:Chewa
3973:Barwe
3891:Hindi
3855:Kunda
3834:Xhosa
3829:Venda
3814:Tonga
3809:Sotho
3804:Shona
3769:Chewa
3700:) by
3484:JSTOR
3480:JSTOR
3478:(4).
3457:(PDF)
3450:(PDF)
3162:-zasi
3085:pamba
3063:-enda
2991:-mbwa
2955:-mbwa
2905:rwizi
2811:-ngwa
2775:-ngwa
2595:-tete
2581:atete
2552:vana-
2451:-baba
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892:Velar
825:Greek
640:hembe
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139:Shona
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22:Shona
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5280:S44
5274:S43
5270:Zulu
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5262:S41
5221:S33
5211:Pedi
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5135:Tebe
5121:S12
5115:S11
5087:R41
5058:R31
4981:R24
4975:R23
4969:R22
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4928:R14
4922:R13
4916:R12
4910:R11
4866:Koti
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4852:P33
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4583:N11
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4113:Tewe
4088:Sena
4058:Ndau
4013:Koti
3998:Dema
3865:Lozi
3860:Tswa
3794:Ndau
3642:ISBN
3629:ISBN
3578:SOAS
3539:2020
3514:2021
3395:ISBN
3359:2015
3227:svi-
3153:zasi
3145:17a
3099:-mba
3027:-pfu
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2876:dzi-
2847:-mba
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