476:
312:
The 1920s survey yielded more detailed and consistent biographies than those in the nineteenth-century editions or in the earlier volumes compiled by congressional staff, but its frequent reliance on family legends and personal recollections introduced dubious information. Although
Congress
325:
in 1983 provided the first opportunity for professional historians to revise and update the
Biographical Directory. Earlier editions of the Biographical Directory and their nineteenth century predecessors offered little information on congressional careers other than terms of service. The
361:. Internet technology offered the capability to update the Biographical Directory on a daily basis. Besides the biographies, the online database includes extensive bibliographies and a guide to all available research collections for Senate and House entries. The project was the first
376:
and the Senate
Historical Office from scholars, librarians, genealogists, and family members. Senate entries are accompanied by an image of the Senator, when available. Online House entries include images for Members and Speakers with official oil portraits and members since the
2313:
845:
855:
194:
of published works concerning the member (a shorter bibliography is included with the member's biography). These additional resources, when available, can be accessed via links at the left side of the member's page on the website.
840:
1247:
2318:
2416:
1900:
291:. Compiled under the direction of O. M. Enyart, this was the first volume prepared by congressional staff who drew on the Lanman and Poore editions as well as biographical information printed in the
1453:
1448:
1443:
1425:
835:
480:
2050:
1242:
1458:
813:
714:
830:
2725:
1264:
719:
1465:
1435:
313:
authorized updates that were published in 1949–50, 1961, and 1971, the entries from the 1928 edition remained virtually intact in the three subsequent editions. The creation of the
729:
1937:
1430:
1339:
2909:
2473:
1475:
1127:
2704:
2458:
1653:
782:
2468:
1259:
1134:
1055:
850:
1972:
2463:
2426:
2045:
1737:
301:(1867). The most thorough and systematic revision of biographical entries attempted prior to the Bicentennial Edition (1989) was conducted in preparation for the
2441:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
818:
2785:
2411:
1373:
1293:
1230:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
724:
2040:
1767:
1122:
341:, advocated publication of the entries from the Biographical Directory on the Internet. Through the efforts of Joe Carmel, Cindy S. Leach, and Gary Hahn of
2627:
1982:
1967:
1710:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1281:
287:(New York, 1887) was the final directory of congressional biography to be prepared and published privately. In 1903 Congress authorized the publication of
2994:
2421:
1378:
1329:
797:
772:
338:
2446:
2013:
1309:
825:
52:
1094:
2067:
1590:
1050:
268:
with entries for other governmental officials since 1776 and expanded reference tables. Poore offered a competing historical volume in 1878 with his
2989:
2746:
1942:
1104:
1082:
624:
373:
1225:
1220:
2333:
2062:
1552:
1099:
734:
337:
in the 1990s led to the creation of websites for the House of
Representatives and the Senate. Ray Strong, House Historian and Assistant to the
2999:
1860:
1514:
1169:
30:
This article is about the directory of every member since 1903. For the directory of photographs of members of each
Congress since 1953, see
2395:
1648:
1470:
1043:
2774:
2390:
2106:
1987:
1705:
1658:
1252:
654:
326:
bicentennial edition (1989) provided a more complete record of the individual
Members' years in office. A 1996 edition was published by
2556:
2254:
1895:
1334:
3004:
1695:
1621:
1174:
1062:
787:
381:(2005). The records are maintained by staff in the House Office of History and Preservation and the Senate Office of the Historian.
2960:
2904:
2244:
2210:
1992:
1547:
1542:
1357:
792:
83:
17:
2101:
1977:
1870:
1747:
1537:
2695:
2599:
2502:
1905:
1830:
1204:
750:
644:
322:
2375:
2360:
2287:
2028:
1920:
1890:
1680:
767:
755:
358:
346:
314:
342:
330:, but did not achieve wide circulation because of its much higher price. Congress issued an updated print edition in 2005.
292:
2934:
2676:
2365:
617:
354:
2939:
2566:
2370:
2282:
2234:
2057:
1952:
1628:
1038:
282:
269:
259:
2323:
1569:
459:
448:
437:
2718:
2572:
2328:
1815:
1324:
1274:
777:
160:
31:
1077:
2872:
2847:
2586:
2385:
2205:
2018:
762:
35:
544:
526:
517:
508:
499:
2867:
2604:
2593:
2546:
2259:
1139:
674:
610:
571:
229:
In 1864, the House of
Representatives and the Senate approved the publication of an updated version of Lanman's
2831:
2812:
2795:
2509:
2497:
2380:
2308:
236:
168:
2877:
2732:
2661:
2175:
1875:
1633:
1559:
1314:
1269:
369:
project for the House and Senate and paved the way for the drafting of legislation in XML in both chambers.
349:, the entries of the Biographical Directory became available online during the week of November 9, 1998, at
2914:
2899:
2857:
2852:
2739:
2682:
2431:
2292:
2222:
1843:
1643:
1638:
1089:
668:
664:
660:
562:
535:
378:
1072:
553:
254:
In anticipation of the centenary of
American independence and in search of a market not served by Poore's
2817:
2642:
2526:
2239:
1564:
1286:
1149:
318:
306:
298:
2862:
2647:
1574:
1235:
2924:
2637:
2541:
264:, published by James Anglim of Washington, D.C. in 1876. This volume combined the biographies of the
215:
2780:
2217:
1067:
484:
182:
The online edition has a guide to the research collections of institutions where member's papers,
2767:
2711:
2521:
2131:
1962:
1820:
1810:
1600:
1527:
1144:
327:
243:, a journalist and clerk of the Senate Committee on Printing and Records, the job of preparing a
210:, gathered the first collection of biographies of former and sitting members of Congress for his
148:
2753:
2671:
2514:
633:
372:
The publicly available online directory has benefited from updated information provided to the
152:
2619:
1835:
1762:
1675:
1670:
1179:
240:
2823:
2579:
2436:
2227:
2137:
2074:
2008:
1957:
1532:
1196:
649:
164:
156:
8:
2929:
2536:
2487:
2249:
2200:
1885:
1752:
2919:
2609:
1947:
1865:
1805:
1685:
689:
2689:
2653:
2632:
2089:
1825:
1772:
1732:
1717:
1404:
2451:
1850:
1700:
1519:
275:
187:
183:
2666:
1616:
1524:
230:
2760:
1932:
1855:
1782:
207:
203:
73:
247:
with biographical sketches and the kind of reference information found in the
2983:
2084:
1910:
1690:
1497:
2955:
2179:
2079:
1727:
1722:
222:
to serve as a guide for sitting
Members of Congress, similar to the modern
191:
1928:
1880:
1787:
1742:
602:
176:
172:
597:
393:
is a unique value for each member of
Congress. The same ID is used in
2151:
1757:
112:
70:
2726:
First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln
2144:
1595:
334:
1665:
590:
350:
261:
Biographical Annals of the Civil Government of the United States
124:
2531:
2126:
576:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774–2005
567:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774–1996
558:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774–1989
549:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774–1971
540:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774–1961
531:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774–1949
522:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774–1927
513:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774–1911
504:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774–1903
491:
426:
2705:
Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States
309:, directed the compilation of this volume published in 1928.
1777:
362:
303:
Biographical Directory of the American Congress, 1774–1927
1498:
Powers, privileges, procedure, committees, history, media
394:
390:
366:
402:
190:, and other items are archived, as well as an extended
398:
345:
under the Clerk of the House, and Cheri Allen of the
44:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
34:. For the directory of each Congress since 1789, see
2628:
List of artwork at the United States Capitol complex
493:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
289:
A Biographical Congressional Directory, 1774 to 1903
140:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
2174:
53:United States Congress Joint Committee on Printing
2981:
2747:George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door
2314:Emergency Planning, Preparedness, and Operations
271:Political Register and Congressional Directory
206:, author, journalist, and former secretary to
618:
2775:Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way
2995:Publications of the United States Congress
632:
625:
611:
281:Joseph M. Morrison's revision of Lanman's
151:of all present and former members of the
2961:United States Capitol cornerstone laying
374:House Office of History and Preservation
220:Dictionary of the United States Congress
84:United States Government Printing Office
2990:United States biographical dictionaries
1728:Majority of the majority (Hastert Rule)
688:
333:The development and growing use of the
14:
2982:
1205:Caucuses of the United States Congress
323:United States House of Representatives
2173:
1496:
687:
606:
347:Office of the Secretary of the Senate
239:. In the late 1860s Congress offered
3000:Reference works in the public domain
276:Houghton, Osgood and Company, Boston
836:Expelled, censured, and reprimanded
384:
24:
483:from websites or documents of the
397:versions of House legislation at
25:
3016:
2719:Progress of Civilization Pediment
2573:Congressional Pictorial Directory
1426:By length of service historically
582:
355:House Legislative Resource Center
305:. Ansel Wold, chief clerk of the
32:Congressional Pictorial Directory
3005:Publications established in 1859
2587:Official Congressional Directory
2206:Gov. Accountability Office (GAO)
479: This article incorporates
474:
36:Official Congressional Directory
27:American biographical dictionary
2396:Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper
1243:Arab and Middle Eastern members
1140:Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group
675:Lists of United States Congress
2498:Congressional Research Service
2245:Congr. Workplace Rights (OCWR)
1248:Asian Pacific American members
460:House Document 108-222, p. xii
453:
449:House Document 108-222, p. xii
442:
431:
420:
13:
1:
2733:Surrender of General Burgoyne
2090:Old Brick Capitol (1815–1819)
1253:Asian Pacific American Caucus
846:Lost re-election in a primary
438:House Document 108–222, p. xi
408:
351:http://bioguide.congress.gov/
218:in 1859. Lanman intended his
2740:Surrender of Lord Cornwallis
2683:The Apotheosis of Washington
2417:Chief Administrative Officer
2255:Gov. Publishing Office (GPO)
413:
379:109th United States Congress
343:Legislative Computer Systems
7:
2905:Health and Fitness Facility
2697:Declaration of Independence
1466:Killed or wounded in office
1287:Congressional Jewish Caucus
1260:Hispanic and Latino members
598:"Retro" version of the site
319:Office for the Bicentennial
307:Joint Committee on Printing
299:40th United States Congress
10:
3021:
2319:Interparliamentary Affairs
2240:Congr. Budget Office (CBO)
1876:Riddick's Senate Procedure
1303:Gender and sexual identity
572:House Document No. 108-181
563:House Document No. 108-176
554:House Document No. 108-173
545:House Document No. 108-164
536:House Document No. 108-159
527:House Document No. 108-153
518:House Document No. 108-142
509:House Document No. 108-134
500:House Document No. 108-130
468:
353:under the auspices of the
237:Government Printing Office
216:J. B. Lippincott & Co.
198:
29:
2948:
2925:Old Supreme Court Chamber
2890:
2840:
2805:
2794:
2638:Congressional Prayer Room
2618:
2555:
2486:
2404:
2353:
2346:
2301:
2275:
2268:
2191:
2187:
2169:
2119:
2085:Congress Hall (1790–1800)
2036:
2027:
2001:
1919:
1798:
1609:
1583:
1507:
1503:
1492:
1431:Current members by wealth
1418:
1366:
1350:
1302:
1213:
1195:
1188:
1162:
1115:
1031:
1024:
864:
856:Elected but did not serve
806:
743:
707:
700:
696:
683:
640:
496:Official Internet website
163:from territories and the
155:and its predecessor, the
119:
107:
99:
89:
79:
66:
58:
48:
2218:Architect of the Capitol
2080:Federal Hall (1789–1790)
1221:African-American members
645:House of Representatives
485:United States Government
315:Senate Historical Office
18:US Congress (identifier)
2768:Washington at Princeton
2712:Apotheosis of Democracy
2132:Congressional Quarterly
1821:Executive communication
1811:Blue slip (U.S. Senate)
1768:Suspension of the rules
1294:Native American members
720:By shortness of service
389:The index value in the
359:Historian of the Senate
328:Congressional Quarterly
294:Congressional Directory
256:Congressional Directory
245:Congressional Directory
224:Congressional Directory
149:biographical dictionary
2935:Webster Page Residence
2910:House Recording Studio
2754:Revolutionary War Door
2515:Register of Copyrights
2096:Biographical Directory
1565:"Necessary and Proper"
1105:Policy Committee Chair
1083:Policy Committee Chair
634:United States Congress
481:public domain material
266:Dictionary of Congress
258:, Lanman prepared the
249:Dictionary of Congress
232:Dictionary of Congress
212:Dictionary of Congress
169:Resident Commissioners
153:United States Congress
2260:Technology Assessment
1681:Dear Colleague letter
1676:Continuing resolution
1671:Concurrent resolution
1150:Republican Conference
1090:Republican Conference
1051:President pro tempore
783:Born outside the U.S.
241:Benjamin Perley Poore
2824:Mountains and Clouds
2580:Congressional Record
2437:Floor Services Chief
2324:Law Revision Counsel
2075:Continental Congress
1570:Power of enforcement
1533:Contempt of Congress
1436:From multiple states
1389:Mormon (LDS) members
1197:Congressional caucus
841:Served a single term
773:Expelled or censured
715:By length of service
403:http://xml.house.gov
165:District of Columbia
159:. Also included are
157:Continental Congress
2848:Building Commission
2329:Legislative Counsel
2250:Library of Congress
2211:Comptroller General
2201:Congressional staff
1886:Senatorial courtesy
1275:Hispanic Conference
690:Members and leaders
399:http://congress.gov
284:Biographical Annals
45:
2920:Old Senate Chamber
2786:VP Bust Collection
2610:United States Code
2542:Jefferson Building
2235:Cap. Guide Service
2102:Divided government
2019:Seal of the Senate
1983:Select and special
1948:Discharge petition
1901:Tie-breaking votes
1866:Recess appointment
1806:Advice and consent
1686:Discharge petition
1629:Appropriation bill
1538:Declaration of war
730:Non-voting members
339:Clerk of the House
43:
2977:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2969:
2968:
2886:
2885:
2690:Statue of Freedom
2654:Statue of Freedom
2633:Brumidi Corridors
2605:Statutes at Large
2559:Publishing Office
2482:
2481:
2342:
2341:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2115:
2114:
2063:election disputes
2051:speaker elections
2014:Mace of the House
1861:Presiding Officer
1826:Executive session
1773:Unanimous consent
1733:Multiple referral
1718:Lame-duck session
1488:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1414:
1413:
1214:Ethnic and racial
1158:
1157:
1145:Democratic Caucus
1068:Democratic Caucus
1020:
1019:
135:
134:
100:Publication place
16:(Redirected from
3012:
2803:
2802:
2620:Capitol Building
2594:U.S. Gov. Manual
2547:Madison Building
2510:Copyright Office
2474:Sergeant at Arms
2432:Floor Operations
2351:
2350:
2273:
2272:
2189:
2188:
2171:
2170:
2034:
2033:
1851:Morning business
1738:House procedures
1701:Joint resolution
1505:
1504:
1494:
1493:
1374:Buddhist members
1193:
1192:
1029:
1028:
851:Switched parties
798:Switched parties
735:Unseated members
725:Youngest members
705:
704:
698:
697:
685:
684:
627:
620:
613:
604:
603:
594:
593:
591:Official website
478:
477:
462:
457:
451:
446:
440:
435:
429:
424:
385:Internet details
317:in 1975 and the
131:
128:
126:
91:Publication date
46:
42:
21:
3020:
3019:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3010:
3009:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2965:
2944:
2892:
2882:
2836:
2797:
2790:
2667:Hall of Columns
2614:
2558:
2551:
2489:
2478:
2459:Parliamentarian
2400:
2391:Parliamentarian
2338:
2297:
2264:
2193:
2183:
2176:Capitol Complex
2157:
2111:
2107:Party divisions
2023:
1997:
1915:
1799:Senate-specific
1794:
1649:Closed sessions
1617:Act of Congress
1605:
1579:
1575:Taxing/spending
1499:
1480:
1471:Party switchers
1440:Died in office
1410:
1362:
1346:
1315:Equality Caucus
1298:
1270:Hispanic Caucus
1209:
1184:
1154:
1111:
1016:
860:
802:
739:
692:
679:
636:
631:
589:
588:
585:
580:
475:
471:
466:
465:
458:
454:
447:
443:
436:
432:
425:
421:
416:
411:
387:
274:, published by
214:, published by
201:
123:
108:Media type
92:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3018:
3008:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2975:
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2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2915:Senate chamber
2912:
2907:
2902:
2900:Botanic Garden
2896:
2894:
2888:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2853:office lottery
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2827:
2815:
2809:
2807:
2800:
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2788:
2783:
2778:
2771:
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2761:Columbus Doors
2757:
2750:
2743:
2736:
2729:
2722:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2693:
2686:
2679:
2677:Visitor Center
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2622:
2616:
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2567:Public Printer
2563:
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2549:
2544:
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2537:Adams Building
2534:
2529:
2524:
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2507:
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2505:
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2162:
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2148:
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2129:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2110:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2058:Senate history
2055:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2037:
2031:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1933:ranking member
1925:
1923:
1917:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1896:Standing Rules
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1871:Reconciliation
1868:
1863:
1858:
1856:Nuclear option
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1973:List (House)
1968:List (Joint)
1938:Of the Whole
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2194:offices
2068:memoirs
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