951:
together as father and son respectively. The seal at Abydos names a 'Nimaat-hap' as the mother of
Khasekhemwy's children, while the other seal at Beit Khallaf names the same person as the 'mother of the dual-king'. Further archaeological evidence linking the reigns of the two pharaohs together are found at Shunet et-Zebib, which suggest that Djoser oversaw the burial of his predecessor. Ritual stone vessels found at the sites of the tombs – Khasekhemwy's tomb at Abydos and Djoser's tomb at Saqqara – of the two pharaohs also appear to have come from the same collection, as samples from both sites contain identical imagery of the god Min. This archeological evidence is supplemented by at least one historical source, the Saqqara king list, which names Djoser as the immediate successor of Beby – a misreading of Khasekhemwy.
682:
889:. The seal at Abydos names Nimaat-hap as the "mother of the king's children, Nimaat-hap". On mastaba K1 at Beit Khallaf, the same person is mentioned as the "mother of the dual king". Dating of other seals at the Beit Khallaf site place them to the reign of Djoser. This evidence suggests that Khasekhemwy is either the direct father of Djoser or that Nimaat-hap had him through a previous husband. German Egyptologist Gunter Dreyer found Djoser's sealings at Khasekhemwy's tomb, further suggesting that Djoser was the direct successor of Khasekhemwy and that he finished the construction of the tomb.
1034:
1342:
the striated tripartite wig he is wearing assimilates him to the living world as a dead king. The striped head cloth that covers the wig was used to cover all of his hair. This was a ritual that began to be used by kings in the fourth dynasty. The body is wrapped under a long robe, his hands are placed in a specific way. His right arm is horizontally displayed on his chest while his left arm is resting on his thigh. The placement of his arms are a resemblance to
Khasekhem seat. One of the oldest representations of the
1245:
1289:
960:
45:
1359:
773:
1334:
1280:. It is massive and contains only one tight corridor leading to the close midst of the monument, ending in a rough chamber where the entrance to the tomb shaft was hidden. This inner construction was later filled with rubble, for it was of no use anymore. The pyramid was once 62 metres high and had a base measurement of c. 125 × 109 metres. It was tightly covered in finely polished, white limestone.
228:
1136:
Although he seems to have started an unfinished tomb at Abydos (Upper Egypt), Djoser was eventually buried in his famous pyramid at
Saqqara in Lower Egypt. Since Khasekhemwy, a pharaoh from the 2nd dynasty, was the last pharaoh to be buried at Abydos, some Egyptologists infer that the shift to a more
1341:
The statue of Djoser is walled into the serdab. The main purpose of the statue was to allow the king to manifest himself and be able to see the rituals performed in and out the serdab. This painted statue is plastered and made out of limestone. Each characteristic of the statue represents something,
1366:
The funerary complex is the first architectural project to be built entirely out of stone. This complex had fourteen entrances but only one was functional. It is made up of the Great South Court, and the Heb-sed north court with Djoser's step pyramid in the center. The complex is enclosed by a 10.5
967:
Manetho states Djoser ruled Egypt for twenty-nine years, while the Turin King List states it was only nineteen years. Because of his many substantial building projects, particularly at
Saqqara, some scholars argue Djoser must have enjoyed a reign of nearly three decades. Manetho's figure appears to
950:
believes that the weight of archeological evidence favours Djoser (Netjerikhet) as
Khasekhemwy's successor and therefore founder of the Third Dynasty. A seal from Khasekhemwy's tomb at Abydos, in combination with a seal from mastaba K1 at Beit Khallaf dated to Djoser's reign, links the two pharaohs
1015:
and
Michael Rice date his reign from 2667 BC to 2648 BC giving a regnal period of 18 partial or complete years. Rice further states that Nebkha was Djoser's brother and predecessor. Writer Farid Atiya provides a similar regnal period to Fletcher and Rice, offset by a single year – 2668 BC to
1308:
At the eastern side of the pyramid, very close to the blue chambers, eleven tomb shafts lead straight down for 30–32 metres, and then deviate in a right angle to the west. Shafts I–V were used for the burials of royal family members; shafts VI–XI were used as symbolic tombs for the grave goods of
1300:
of long corridors and chambers was dug. The burial chamber lies in the midst of the subterranean complex; a 28 meter deep shaft that leads directly from the surface down to the burial chamber. The shaft entrance was sealed by a plug stone with a weight of 3.5 tons. The subterranean burial maze
1024:
in Cairo places Djoser's reign to the period of 2687 BC to 2668 BC for a similar 18 partial or complete years. Author
Margaret Bunson places Djoser as the second ruler of the Third Dynasty, and places his reign to the period of 2630 BC to 2611 BC for 19 partial or complete year reign. In her
1132:
at the First
Cataract, thus ending a seven-year famine in Egypt. Some consider this ancient inscription as a legend at the time it was inscribed. Nonetheless, it does show that more than two millennia after his reign, Egyptians still remembered Djoser.
934:
of Egypt. The exact identity of the founder of the dynasty is a matter of debate, due to the fragmentary nature of the records from the period. Djoser is one of the principal candidates for the founder of the Third
Dynasty. Other candidates are
1305:(rejuvenation feast). The walls around and between these reliefs were decorated with bluish faience tiles. They were thought to imitate reed mats, as an allusion to the mythological underworld waters. The other galleries remained unfinished.
1264:, but then five further mastabas were literally piled one upon another, each smaller than the previous one, until the monument became Egypt's first step pyramid. Supervisor of the building constructions was the high lector priest
902:
is identified as one of Djoser's queens "on a series of boundary stela from the Step
Pyramid enclosure (now in various museums) and a fragment of relief from a building at Hermopolis" currently in the Egyptian museum of Turin.
1085:. Manetho, many centuries later, alludes to architectural advances of this reign, mentioning that "Tosorthros" discovered how to build with hewn stone, in addition to being remembered as the physician
926:
The lands of Upper and Lower Egypt were united into a single kingdom sometime around 2686 BC. The period following the unification of the crowns was one of prosperity, marked by the start of the
1301:
contains four magazine galleries, each pointing straight to one cardinal direction. The eastern gallery contained three limestone reliefs depicting king Djoser during the celebration of the
909:
was their only daughter known by name. There was also a third royal female attested during Djoser's reign, but her name is destroyed. The relationship between Djoser and his successor,
1325:
were incised on the pots. It is now thought that Djoser once restored the original tombs of the ancestors, and then sealed the grave goods in the galleries in an attempt to save them.
987:, register V, for the beginning and ending of Djoser's reign, would most likely indicate his regnal years 1–5 and 19–28. Unfortunately, next to all entries are illegible today. The
1179:
about Djoser and Imhotep. In Djoser's time, Imhotep was of such importance and fame that he was honoured by being mentioned on statues of King Djoser in his necropolis at Saqqara.
1346:, and the first representation of the nine bows fully developed, is on the seated statue of Pharaoh Djoser. His feet rest upon part of the nine bows, which may have referred to
1025:
chronology, Djoser is preceded by Nebka as the "Founder of the Third Dynasty", reigning for the period 2649 BC to 2630 BC. She, like Rice, makes Nebka a brother of Djoser.
1309:
royal ancestors from dynasties I–II. More than 40,000 vessels, bowls and vases made of various kinds of stone were found in these galleries. Royal names such as of kings
1112:
mention Djoser's name, and suggest he commissioned construction projects in those cities. Also, he may have fixed the southern boundary of his kingdom at the
1163:. Imhotep oversaw stone building projects such as the tombs of King Djoser and King Sekhemkhet. It is possible that Imhotep was mentioned in the also famous
1171:
and the magicians". But because the papyrus is badly damaged at the beginning, Imhotep's name is lost today. A papyrus from the ancient Egyptian temple of
5796:
865:
name only Djoser, rather than Nebka. This supports the view that it was Djoser who buried and, hence, directly succeeded Khasekhemwy, rather than Nebka.
1089:, and for introducing some reforms in the writing system. Modern scholars think that Manetho originally ascribed (or meant to ascribe) these feats to
247:
5880:
968:
be more accurate, according to Wilkinson's analysis and reconstruction of the Royal Annals. Wilkinson reconstructs the Annals as giving Djoser "
2307:
1230:
also became popular in the medieval Arabic sources, which show them as heroes, with their names and deeds well recognised by the writers".
381:
5811:
5806:
489:
5786:
5781:
2297:. West Drayton 1947; Rev. ed. Harmondsworth 1961; Rev. ed. Harmondsworth 1985 (deutsche Ausgabe: Die ägyptischen Pyramiden, 1967)
571:
566:
534:
532:
495:
492:
435:
431:
425:
415:
333:
203:
5791:
568:
433:
300:
281:
278:
205:
1954:
Egyptology at the Dawn of the Twenty-first Century: Proceedings of the Eight International Congress of Egyptologists, Volume 2
283:
44:
5771:
2224:
2175:
2154:
2133:
2114:
2095:
1982:
1923:
1902:
1826:
580:
577:
574:
428:
420:
364:
331:
200:
171:
422:
417:
130:
5801:
5776:
5766:
3546:
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1045:, during which the local inhabitants were subdued. He also sent expeditions there to mine for valuable minerals such as
5755:
4516:
4232:
3100:
2360:
2334:
5875:
2196:
2074:
2053:
2022:
2001:
1961:
1942:
1874:
1847:
1554:
5821:
5008:
2290:
453:
121:
1061:, as had been more common under Khasekhemwy. The Sinai was also strategically important as a buffer between the
5058:
4785:
4641:
2266:
2245:
805:
804:
where it was found, a plaster copy of it stands in place of the original. The statue was discovered during the
1260:
Djoser was buried in his famous step pyramid at Saqqara. This pyramid was originally built as a nearly square
5354:
5144:
5076:
4941:
4808:
4718:
4531:
2649:
1384:
4926:
4863:
4146:
943:. Complicating matters further is the possibility that Nebka and Sanakht are referring to the same person.
5287:
4396:
4308:
3793:
3570:
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1367:
meters high stone wall, referred to as the enclosure wall. Along with the main courts there is a Roofed
5116:
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4186:
4013:
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2527:
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5637:
3408:
988:
681:
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tombs one over another. These forms would eventually lead to the standard pyramid tomb in the later
3482:
3253:
3115:
1191:(1279–1333) described Djoser as "a king who was a wise ruler of Egypt" and claimed that the
1007:
Various sources provide various dates for Djoser's reign. Professor of Ancient Near East history
5322:
5237:
5214:
3531:
3393:
3330:
3119:
2919:
2735:
878:
2045:
1196:
1053:. This is known from inscriptions found in the desert there, sometimes displaying the banner of
5826:
5816:
5364:
5343:
5262:
4176:
4036:
3646:
3280:
3240:
3034:
2976:
2860:
2664:
2327:
1866:
1146:
927:
711:
673:
1913:
1546:
1536:
5836:
5312:
5277:
5257:
5247:
5209:
3809:
3713:
3067:
2167:
Enemies of Civilization: Attitudes toward Foreigners in Ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, and China
2165:
1542:
822:
reference to his construction, help confirm that Netjerikhet and Djoser are the same person.
17:
5831:
5337:
5292:
4665:
4293:
4228:
4081:
4076:
3783:
3778:
3631:
3057:
2845:
2724:
1394:
1212:
980:
973:
819:
715:
1894:
1888:
8:
5327:
5302:
5267:
5204:
4579:
4554:
3758:
3753:
3177:
2608:
1008:
69:
5617:
5604:
5181:
4191:
3763:
3738:
2805:
2580:
2038:
1859:
1337:
King Djoser running for the Heb-Sed celebration (relief from the underground galleries)
1219:
1176:
756:
as preceding him, but there are difficulties in connecting that name with contemporary
5672:
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5545:
5512:
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4559:
4181:
4061:
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3611:
3269:
3072:
3062:
2994:
2320:
2262:
2241:
2220:
2192:
2171:
2150:
2129:
2110:
2091:
2070:
2049:
2018:
1997:
1978:
1957:
1938:
1919:
1898:
1870:
1843:
1822:
1550:
1249:
1239:
1195:
had a feast in honour of him called the "vine festival". Al-Nuwayri also visited the
1121:
761:
659:
1935:
Violence and power in ancient Egypt : Image and Ideology Before the New Kingdom
5851:
5678:
5506:
5272:
5026:
4609:
3906:
3802:
3743:
3167:
3147:
1532:
1389:
760:, so some Egyptologists question the received throne sequence. Djoser is known for
747:
465:
5870:
5623:
5593:
5552:
5488:
5232:
5162:
5032:
4371:
4026:
3748:
3142:
2780:
2748:
2587:
2256:
2235:
2186:
2144:
2085:
2064:
2012:
1972:
1884:
1837:
1816:
1164:
1054:
1042:
1021:
846:
842:
793:
685:
546:
3329:
1101:, the famous minister of Djoser who engineered the Step Pyramid's construction.
746:, but whether he was also the direct successor to their throne is unclear. Most
5719:
5517:
5478:
5196:
5152:
5021:
4105:
4031:
3861:
3733:
3693:
3441:
3293:
3258:
3248:
3182:
3137:
3019:
3014:
2594:
2573:
2539:
1203:, identifying it as the tomb of "Zosara" and describing a vault decorated with
1113:
1012:
947:
854:
507:
1033:
5864:
5398:
5297:
5129:
5099:
4775:
4630:
4487:
4356:
4196:
4171:
4121:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3708:
3515:
3446:
3436:
3298:
3052:
2800:
2743:
2696:
2533:
2492:
2258:
Royal Annals of Ancient Egypt: the Palermo Stone and Its Associated Fragments
1310:
1288:
1244:
1120:
and claiming to date to the reign of Djoser, but probably created during the
977:
959:
899:
862:
719:
704:
606:
5483:
5317:
5307:
5282:
5134:
5084:
5043:
4769:
4681:
4569:
4482:
4462:
4381:
4346:
4341:
4227:
4166:
3876:
3698:
3688:
3651:
3606:
3520:
3510:
3500:
3416:
3132:
3009:
2818:
2759:
2619:
2566:
2471:
1302:
1227:
1204:
1117:
1074:
886:
834:
1016:
2649 BC. This dating is supported by authors Rosalie and Charles Baker in
159:
5587:
5532:
5383:
5332:
5252:
5124:
5016:
4998:
4956:
4867:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4702:
4686:
4659:
4624:
4614:
4549:
4502:
4492:
4477:
4467:
4414:
4376:
4351:
4331:
4321:
4087:
4071:
4046:
4041:
3841:
3768:
3678:
3661:
3616:
3591:
3525:
3505:
3490:
3472:
3202:
3197:
3004:
2831:
2811:
2625:
2559:
2550:
2434:
1129:
1086:
1082:
931:
874:
858:
739:
631:
94:
800:, is the oldest known life-sized Egyptian statue. Today, at the site in
5704:
5658:
5611:
5566:
5538:
5359:
5242:
5167:
5094:
4983:
4798:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4708:
4696:
4676:
4649:
4619:
4599:
4544:
4497:
4472:
4404:
4366:
4336:
4326:
4066:
3866:
3856:
3626:
3621:
3586:
3495:
3467:
3288:
3192:
3187:
3172:
3157:
2965:
2959:
2873:
2601:
2419:
2356:
2033:
1188:
997:
stretching the cords for the fortress Qau-Netjerw ("hills of the gods")
910:
812:
757:
620:
108:
2283:
Rosanna Pirelli, "Statue of Djoser" in Francesco Tiradritti (editor):
1358:
1011:
dates Djoser's reign to somewhere between 2686 BC to 2648 BC. Authors
772:
5644:
5559:
5522:
5448:
5442:
5369:
5349:
5066:
5048:
4993:
4973:
4836:
4671:
4654:
4604:
4457:
4424:
4419:
4361:
4160:
3981:
3934:
3886:
3846:
3823:
3596:
3462:
3431:
3085:
2999:
2825:
2706:
2443:
1368:
1343:
1314:
1277:
1046:
906:
882:
789:
781:
743:
641:
50:
5714:
5709:
5698:
5665:
5580:
5573:
5527:
5499:
5493:
5458:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5038:
4978:
4821:
4793:
4386:
4316:
4128:
4114:
4094:
4056:
3968:
3913:
3871:
3703:
3673:
3636:
3581:
3426:
3303:
3208:
3152:
3047:
2954:
2948:
2937:
2903:
2787:
2773:
2766:
2753:
2717:
2457:
1322:
1318:
1223:
1172:
1156:
1109:
735:
616:
112:
1455:
1453:
853:, not before Djoser. More significantly, the English Egyptologist
764:, which is the earliest colossal stone building in ancient Egypt.
5691:
5630:
5473:
5157:
4968:
4962:
4950:
4831:
4826:
4763:
4742:
4587:
4539:
4439:
4429:
4154:
4051:
4021:
4003:
3992:
3975:
3927:
3920:
3851:
3773:
3421:
3229:
3215:
3127:
3078:
2984:
2927:
2878:
2711:
2701:
2681:
2614:
2464:
2343:
1647:
1347:
1333:
1265:
1261:
1253:
1208:
1200:
1160:
1098:
1078:
940:
893:
838:
801:
727:
707:
663:
62:
2355:
1635:
1575:
5598:
5468:
5105:
4988:
4593:
4564:
4434:
4409:
4201:
4135:
3961:
3954:
3881:
3836:
3830:
3656:
3576:
3162:
2989:
2942:
2896:
2794:
2672:
2631:
2513:
2478:
2450:
1776:
1671:
1470:
1468:
1450:
1372:
1050:
892:
Her cult seems to have still been active in the later reign of
54:
1175:, dating to the 2nd century AD, preserves a long story in the
5684:
5463:
5453:
5431:
5089:
3998:
3986:
3899:
3816:
3667:
3601:
3263:
2932:
2890:
2884:
2676:
2635:
2506:
2499:
2485:
2287:. American University in Cairo Press, Cairo 1999, p. 47.
1413:
For unknown reasons, the first sign was deliberately removed.
1192:
1168:
1151:
1145:
One of the most famous contemporaries of king Djoser was his
1125:
1058:
936:
830:
797:
752:
718:, and was the founder of that epoch. He is also known by his
98:
1465:
857:
has demonstrated that burial seals found at the entrance to
841:, pointing out that the order in which some predecessors of
5436:
5426:
4816:
4691:
3892:
3222:
3042:
3024:
2909:
2691:
2686:
2520:
2312:
1764:
1297:
1062:
850:
818:, meaning "divine of body". Later sources, which include a
184:
1611:
1350:
during his reign because of their use of bows and arrows.
885:(Nimaat-hap) via seals found in Khasekhemwy's tomb and at
3641:
1375:
chamber that holds the seated statue of the king Djoser.
4862:
1956:. American University in Cairo Press. pp. 215–220.
1659:
1623:
1020:. Egyptologist Abeer el-Shahawy in association with the
913:, is not known, and the date of his death is uncertain.
2044:(Third ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp.
1842:. American University in Cairo Press. pp. 104–11.
1792:
1587:
1515:
1513:
1485:
1483:
1440:
1438:
780:
in the king list of Abydos. Note the upper part of the
1563:
1137:
northerly capital was completed during Djoser's time.
1041:
Djoser dispatched several military expeditions to the
1683:
1752:
1695:
1510:
1500:
1498:
1480:
1435:
1890:
An Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt
1599:
1222:romances of ancient Egyptian rulers such as Zoser,
849:suggests Nebka should be placed between Djoser and
2069:. American University in Cairo Press. p. 39.
2062:
2037:
2031:
1858:
1740:
1459:
811:In contemporary inscriptions, he is called by his
1495:
1097:by the Greeks and Romans, and who corresponds to
5862:
2126:Gardner's Art Through The Ages: A Global History
2107:Gardner's Art Through The Ages: A Global History
2036:; Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lampiere (1971).
1893:(2 ed.). John Wiley & Sons. pp.
1731:
1716:
1371:Entrance located within the south court and a
833:as the first ruler of the Third Dynasty, many
2328:
2104:
1362:Aerial view of king Djoser's funerary complex
1077:, which entailed the construction of several
688:: Base of a Djoser statue with royal titulary
2063:El-Shahawy, Abeer; Al-Masri, Mathaf (2005).
2014:The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt
2010:
1617:
2219:. Cambridge University Press. p. 251.
1124:, relates how Djoser rebuilt the temple of
2335:
2321:
2217:The Great Pyramid: Ancient Egypt Revisited
1856:
1770:
1712:
1710:
1665:
1629:
1328:
1182:
991:is preserved, followed by the year events
837:now believe Djoser was first king of this
784:, which shows signs of erased hieroglyphs.
43:
2254:
2233:
2149:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 56–57.
1865:. USA: Oxford University Press. pp.
1861:Ancient Egyptians: People of the Pyramids
1653:
1641:
1593:
1581:
1283:
5745:
2105:Kleiner, Fred; Mamiya, Christin (2009).
2083:
1725:
1489:
1357:
1332:
1287:
1243:
1218:Egyptologist Okasha El-Daly noted that "
1207:, as well as a large court with a large
1068:
1032:
958:
771:
680:
2142:
2123:
1937:. Abingdon, United Kingdom: Routledge.
1932:
1911:
1857:Baker, Rosalie; Baker, Charles (2001).
1786:
1707:
1569:
1444:
1292:West colonnade of the Djoser necropolis
1028:
181:
14:
5881:Pharaohs of the Third Dynasty of Egypt
5863:
4892:
4257:
3359:
2385:
2205:
1991:
1970:
1798:
1758:
1689:
1677:
1531:
1519:
963:Step pyramid of Djoser, old photograph
5744:
4861:
4226:
3328:
2354:
2316:
2214:
1951:
1835:
1701:
1474:
1159:" and "overseer of all stone works",
1140:
1018:Ancient Egypt: People of the Pyramids
27:Pharaoh of the third dynasty of Egypt
5397:
2285:The Treasures of the Egyptian Museum
2261:. London: Kegan Paul International.
2191:. Psychology Press. pp. 50–51.
2184:
2128:. Cengage Learning. pp. 59–61.
2109:. Cengage Learning. pp. 57–59.
2011:Dodson, Aiden; Hilton, Dyan (2004).
1977:. Infobase Publishing. p. 103.
1883:
1814:
1746:
1605:
1504:
1199:of the pyramid complex of Djoser in
1037:The Famine Stela, mentioning Djoser.
2210:. British Museum Press. p. 44.
2163:
1782:
1353:
24:
2277:
2032:Edwards, Iorwerth Eiddon Stephen;
1915:Discovering the World of the Bible
1912:Berrett, LaMar C. (1 April 1996).
1734:Egyptology: The Missing Millennium
1719:Egyptology: The Missing Millennium
1407:
1104:Some fragmentary reliefs found at
1002:
954:
38:Netjerikhet, Tosorthros, Sesorthos
25:
5892:
2301:
1736:. London: UCL Press. p. 125.
1073:His most famous monument was his
750:king lists identify a king named
392:Nisut-Bity-Nebty-Netjerikhetnebu
2164:Poo, Mu-chou (1 February 2012).
1721:. London: UCL Press. p. 93.
1296:Under the step pyramid, a large
1211:door inscribed with 30 lines of
921:
226:
2291:Iorwerth Eiddon Stephen Edwards
1807:
400:King of Upper and Lower Egypt,
2143:Mieroop, Marc van der (2010).
1996:. I.B.Tauris. pp. 40–47.
1974:Encyclopaedia of Ancient Egypt
1818:A Traveller's History of Egypt
1525:
1460:El-Shahawy & Al-Masri 2005
1426:
1271:
1116:. An inscription known as the
829:and the Turin King List names
266:The two Ladies, divine of body
13:
1:
5355:Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
2040:The Cambridge Ancient History
1420:
1385:Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)
792:statue of Djoser, now in the
460:
388:
307:
254:
137:
2342:
2308:A Detailed profile of Djoser
2066:The Egyptian Museum in Cairo
1538:Atlas of Ancient Archaeology
1276:The step pyramid is made of
970:28 complete or partial years
7:
5288:Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator
1378:
1093:, who was later deified as
767:
404:with a divine body of gold
395:nsw.t-bty-nb.ty nṯrj-ẖt-nbw
53:of Djoser from his pyramid
10:
5897:
4187:Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef
3571:Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep
3335:Second Intermediate Period
2188:Who's who in Ancient Egypt
2146:A History of Ancient Egypt
1952:Brock, Lyla Pinch (2003).
1237:
993:receiving the twin-pillars
808:Excavations of 1924–1925.
738:). He was the son of King
558:
524:
481:
407:
382:Prenomen (Praenomen)
356:
323:
270:
217:
192:
187:
163:
5849:
5751:
5740:
5638:Lucius Mussius Aemilianus
5382:
5328:Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos
5223:
5195:
5180:
5143:
5115:
5075:
5057:
5007:
4940:
4925:
4883:
4879:
4857:
4807:
4784:
4717:
4640:
4578:
4530:
4515:
4448:
4395:
4307:
4292:
4248:
4244:
4233:Third Intermediate Period
4222:
4145:
4104:
4012:
3944:
3792:
3560:
3545:
3481:
3455:
3407:
3392:
3350:
3346:
3324:
3279:
3239:
3114:
3099:
3033:
2975:
2918:
2859:
2844:
2734:
2663:
2648:
2549:
2433:
2418:
2376:
2372:
2361:First Intermediate Period
2350:
1971:Bunson, Margaret (2014).
1680:, pp. 105 & 264.
1057:alongside the symbols of
881:, through his wife Queen
868:
669:
655:
647:
637:
627:
612:
602:
459:
452:
387:
380:
306:
299:
253:
246:
191:
136:
129:
118:
104:
90:
68:
61:
42:
37:
32:
5876:27th-century BC pharaohs
5350:Cleopatra VII Philopator
3607:Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI
2365: (<3150–2040 BC)
2255:Wilkinson, Toby (2000).
2234:Wilkinson, Toby (2001).
2208:The Art of Ancient Egypt
2084:Fletcher, Joann (2015).
1994:Temples of Ancient Egypt
1933:Bestock, Laurel (2017).
1656:, pp. 79 & 258.
1618:Dodson & Hilton 2004
1543:McGraw-Hill Book Company
1477:, pp. 30 & 103.
1400:
916:
651:c. 2649 BC or c. 2611 BC
5323:Ptolemy XI Alexander II
5238:Ptolemy II Philadelphus
3532:Seankhibtawy Seankhibra
2017:. Thames & Hudson.
1992:Dieter, Arnold (2005).
1732:Okasha El-Daly (2005).
1717:Okasha El-Daly (2005).
1644:, pp. 79 & 81.
1584:, pp. 83 & 95.
1329:Serdab statue of Djoser
1233:
1183:Medieval arab tradition
879:Second Dynasty of Egypt
877:, the last king of the
5365:Ptolemy XIV Philopator
5344:Cleopatra VI Tryphaena
5338:Berenice IV Epiphaneia
5293:Ptolemy VIII Euergetes
5263:Arsinoe III Philopator
4177:Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef
3647:Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw
3587:Sekhemkare Amenemhat V
3178:Neferkare VI Pepiseneb
2185:Rice, Michael (1999).
2124:Kleiner, Fred (2015).
1771:Baker & Baker 2001
1666:Baker & Baker 2001
1630:Baker & Baker 2001
1363:
1338:
1293:
1284:Subterranean structure
1257:
1155:), "head of the royal
1038:
964:
785:
689:
402:he of the two ladies,
5313:Ptolemy X Alexander I
5278:Ptolemy VI Philometor
5258:Ptolemy IV Philopator
5253:Berenice II Euergetes
5248:Ptolemy III Euergetes
5210:Philip III Arrhidaeus
3719:Khahotepre Sobekhotep
3714:Merhotepre Sobekhotep
3068:Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
2295:The Pyramids of Egypt
2240:. London: Routledge.
1836:Atiya, Farid (2006).
1361:
1336:
1291:
1247:
1167:, in a story called "
1069:Construction projects
1036:
962:
845:are mentioned in the
775:
684:
149:Horus, divine of body
5746:Dynastic genealogies
5370:Ptolemy XV Caesarion
4666:Tutkheperre Shoshenq
4580:High Priests of Amun
4082:Merankhre Mentuhotep
3784:Seheqenre Sankhptahi
3779:Sewadjare Mentuhotep
3632:Khaankhre Sobekhotep
3339: (2040–1550 BC)
3058:Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
2237:Early Dynastic Egypt
2215:Romer, John (2007).
2206:Robins, Gay (2014).
1815:Adès, Harry (2007).
1395:Old Kingdom of Egypt
1029:Military expeditions
873:Djoser is linked to
825:While Manetho names
477:...sublime protector
5268:Ptolemy V Epiphanes
5205:Alexander the Great
4237: (1550–664 BC)
3759:Mershepsesre Ini II
3754:Merkawre Sobekhotep
3148:Neferkare IV Khendu
1821:. Interlink Books.
1187:Egyptian historian
1009:Marc van de Mieroop
972:", noting that the
806:Antiquities Service
5605:Trebonianus Gallus
4192:Senakhtenre Ahmose
3810:Ya'ammu Nubwoserre
3764:Sewahenre Senebmiu
3739:Sankhenre Sewadjtu
3168:Neferkare V Tereru
3138:Neferkare III Neby
2806:Sekhemib-Perenmaat
2087:The Story of Egypt
1364:
1339:
1294:
1258:
1141:Djoser and Imhotep
1039:
989:Year of coronation
965:
786:
690:
78:ca. 2686–2648 BC,
5858:
5857:
5845:
5844:
5736:
5735:
5732:
5731:
5728:
5727:
5652:Claudius Gothicus
5546:Severus Alexander
5513:Septimius Severus
5378:
5377:
5176:
5175:
4921:
4920:
4853:
4852:
4849:
4848:
4845:
4844:
4560:Osorkon the Elder
4511:
4510:
4288:
4287:
4218:
4217:
4214:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4182:Nubkheperre Intef
4062:Sekhemre Shedwast
3684:Sehetepkare Intef
3612:Semenkare Nebnuni
3541:
3540:
3388:
3387:
3320:
3319:
3316:
3315:
3312:
3311:
3095:
3094:
3073:Netjerkare Siptah
2995:Neferirkare Kakai
2840:
2839:
2644:
2643:
2414:
2413:
2226:978-0-521-87166-2
2177:978-0-7914-8370-1
2156:978-1-405-16070-4
2135:978-1-305-54484-0
2116:978-0-495-41058-4
2097:978-1-444-78515-9
1984:978-1-438-10997-8
1925:978-0-910523-52-3
1904:978-1-118-89611-2
1828:978-1-566-56654-4
1801:, pp. 40–44.
1773:, pp. 17–19.
1533:Hawkes, Jacquetta
1250:pyramid of Djoser
1240:Pyramid of Djoser
1128:on the island of
1122:Ptolemaic Dynasty
1065:valley and Asia.
679:
678:
596:
595:
592:
591:
588:
587:
584:
583:
542:
541:
538:
537:
503:
502:
499:
498:
448:
447:
443:
442:
439:
438:
376:
375:
372:
371:
368:
367:
341:
340:
337:
336:
295:
294:
291:
290:
287:
286:
242:
241:
238:
237:
234:
233:
221:
220:
213:
212:
209:
208:
179:
178:
175:
174:
111:(most likely) or
97:(most likely) or
84:2667–2648 BC, or
16:(Redirected from
5888:
5852:List of pharaohs
5742:
5741:
5507:Pescennius Niger
5395:
5394:
5391:
5390:
5303:Ptolemy IX Soter
5273:Cleopatra I Syra
5193:
5192:
5189:
5188:
4938:
4937:
4934:
4933:
4890:
4889:
4881:
4880:
4874:
4873:
4859:
4858:
4610:Djedkhonsuefankh
4528:
4527:
4524:
4523:
4305:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4275:
4270:
4255:
4254:
4246:
4245:
4239:
4238:
4224:
4223:
3817:Qareh Khawoserre
3803:Yakbim Sekhaenre
3744:Mersekhemre Ined
3558:
3557:
3554:
3553:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3400:
3357:
3356:
3348:
3347:
3341:
3340:
3326:
3325:
3112:
3111:
3108:
3107:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2383:
2382:
2374:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2352:
2351:
2337:
2330:
2323:
2314:
2313:
2272:
2251:
2230:
2211:
2202:
2181:
2160:
2139:
2120:
2101:
2080:
2059:
2043:
2034:Gadd, Cyril John
2028:
2007:
1988:
1967:
1948:
1929:
1908:
1880:
1864:
1853:
1832:
1802:
1796:
1790:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1762:
1756:
1750:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1729:
1723:
1722:
1714:
1705:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1633:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1603:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1508:
1502:
1493:
1487:
1478:
1472:
1463:
1457:
1448:
1442:
1433:
1430:
1414:
1411:
1390:List of pharaohs
1354:Funerary complex
985:Cairo Fragment 1
762:his step pyramid
705:ancient Egyptian
563:
562:
559:
529:
528:
525:
486:
485:
482:
466:Abydos King List
461:
412:
411:
408:
389:
361:
360:
357:
328:
327:
324:
319:Golden one of Ra
308:
275:
274:
271:
255:
230:
229:
197:
196:
193:
185:
168:
167:
164:
160:
156:
155:
141:Hor-Netjerikhet
138:
127:
126:
47:
30:
29:
21:
5896:
5895:
5891:
5890:
5889:
5887:
5886:
5885:
5861:
5860:
5859:
5854:
5841:
5747:
5724:
5624:Macrianus Minor
5553:Maximinus Thrax
5489:Marcus Aurelius
5388:
5387:
5386:
5374:
5233:Ptolemy I Soter
5219:
5186:
5185:
5184:
5172:
5139:
5111:
5071:
5053:
5033:Psammetichus IV
5003:
4931:
4930:
4929:
4917:
4895:
4886:
4875:
4872:(664 BC–313 AD)
4871:
4870:
4841:
4803:
4780:
4776:Menkheperre Ini
4713:
4636:
4574:
4521:
4520:
4519:
4507:
4444:
4391:
4372:Neferneferuaten
4298:
4297:
4296:
4284:
4283:
4273:
4268:
4267:Pharaohs
4260:
4251:
4240:
4236:
4235:
4206:
4141:
4100:
4027:Sobekhotep VIII
4008:
3940:
3788:
3749:Sewadjkare Hori
3551:
3550:
3549:
3537:
3477:
3451:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3384:
3362:
3353:
3342:
3338:
3337:
3308:
3275:
3235:
3143:Djedkare Shemai
3105:
3104:
3103:
3091:
3029:
2971:
2914:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2836:
2730:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2640:
2545:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2410:
2388:
2379:
2368:
2364:
2363:
2346:
2341:
2304:
2280:
2278:Further reading
2275:
2269:
2248:
2227:
2199:
2178:
2157:
2136:
2117:
2098:
2090:. Hachette UK.
2077:
2056:
2025:
2004:
1985:
1964:
1945:
1926:
1905:
1877:
1850:
1829:
1810:
1805:
1797:
1793:
1781:
1777:
1769:
1765:
1757:
1753:
1745:
1741:
1730:
1726:
1715:
1708:
1700:
1696:
1688:
1684:
1676:
1672:
1664:
1660:
1652:
1648:
1640:
1636:
1628:
1624:
1616:
1612:
1604:
1600:
1592:
1588:
1580:
1576:
1568:
1564:
1557:
1530:
1526:
1518:
1511:
1503:
1496:
1488:
1481:
1473:
1466:
1458:
1451:
1443:
1436:
1432:Turin King List
1431:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1381:
1356:
1331:
1286:
1274:
1242:
1236:
1185:
1165:Westcar Papyrus
1143:
1071:
1043:Sinai Peninsula
1031:
1022:Egyptian Museum
1005:
1003:Period of reign
957:
955:Length of reign
924:
919:
871:
847:Westcar Papyrus
794:Egyptian Museum
776:Cartouche name
770:
686:Egyptian Museum
598:
597:
567:
557:
556:
552:
550:
547:Turin King List
544:
543:
533:
523:
522:
518:
517:
513:
511:
505:
504:
480:
479:
475:
471:
469:
434:
432:
421:
416:
406:
405:
403:
401:
398:
397:
393:
355:
354:
350:
349:
345:
343:
342:
332:
322:
321:
317:
316:
312:
282:
269:
268:
264:
263:
259:
227:
204:
147:
146:
142:
124:
85:
83:
81:
79:
77:
76:28 regnal years
75:
74:19 regnal years
57:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5894:
5884:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5856:
5855:
5850:
5847:
5846:
5843:
5842:
5840:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5814:
5809:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5769:
5764:
5761:
5758:
5752:
5749:
5748:
5738:
5737:
5734:
5733:
5730:
5729:
5726:
5725:
5723:
5722:
5720:Maximinus Daza
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5695:
5688:
5681:
5676:
5669:
5662:
5655:
5648:
5641:
5634:
5627:
5620:
5615:
5608:
5601:
5596:
5591:
5584:
5577:
5570:
5563:
5556:
5549:
5542:
5535:
5530:
5525:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5503:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5479:Antoninus Pius
5476:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5403:
5401:
5392:
5389:(30 BC–313 AD)
5380:
5379:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5340:
5335:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5315:
5310:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5229:
5227:
5221:
5220:
5218:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5201:
5199:
5190:
5178:
5177:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5153:Artaxerxes III
5149:
5147:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5121:
5119:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5109:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5081:
5079:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5069:
5063:
5061:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5051:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5029:
5024:
5022:Petubastis III
5019:
5013:
5011:
5005:
5004:
5002:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4981:
4976:
4971:
4966:
4959:
4954:
4946:
4944:
4935:
4923:
4922:
4919:
4918:
4916:
4915:
4910:
4909:
4908:
4905:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4887:
4884:
4877:
4876:
4855:
4854:
4851:
4850:
4847:
4846:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4813:
4811:
4805:
4804:
4802:
4801:
4796:
4790:
4788:
4782:
4781:
4779:
4778:
4773:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4723:
4721:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4711:
4706:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4646:
4644:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4634:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4590:
4584:
4582:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4536:
4534:
4525:
4517:3 Intermediate
4513:
4512:
4509:
4508:
4506:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4454:
4452:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4401:
4399:
4393:
4392:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4313:
4311:
4302:
4299:(1550–1070 BC)
4290:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4282:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4252:
4249:
4242:
4241:
4220:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4212:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4157:
4151:
4149:
4143:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4132:
4125:
4118:
4110:
4108:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4091:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4034:
4032:Neferhotep III
4029:
4024:
4018:
4016:
4010:
4009:
4007:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3972:
3965:
3958:
3950:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3931:
3924:
3917:
3910:
3903:
3896:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3864:
3862:Sewadjkare III
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3831:Maaibre Sheshi
3827:
3824:'Ammu Ahotepre
3820:
3813:
3806:
3798:
3796:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3734:Merhotepre Ini
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3694:Sobekhotep III
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3566:
3564:
3555:
3552:(1802–1550 BC)
3547:2 Intermediate
3543:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3487:
3485:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3442:Mentuhotep III
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3413:
3411:
3402:
3399:(2040–1802 BC)
3394:Middle Kingdom
3390:
3389:
3386:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3372:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3354:
3351:
3344:
3343:
3331:Middle Kingdom
3322:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3294:Neferkare VIII
3291:
3285:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3266:
3261:
3259:Nebkaure Khety
3256:
3251:
3249:Meryibre Khety
3245:
3243:
3237:
3236:
3234:
3233:
3226:
3219:
3212:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3183:Neferkamin Anu
3180:
3175:
3170:
3165:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3124:
3122:
3109:
3106:(2181–2040 BC)
3101:1 Intermediate
3097:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3082:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3039:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3027:
3022:
3020:Djedkare Isesi
3017:
3015:Menkauhor Kaiu
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2981:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2970:
2969:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2924:
2922:
2916:
2915:
2913:
2912:
2907:
2900:
2893:
2888:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2865:
2863:
2854:
2851:(2686–2181 BC)
2842:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2829:
2822:
2815:
2808:
2803:
2798:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2770:
2763:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2740:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2669:
2667:
2658:
2655:(3150–2686 BC)
2650:Early Dynastic
2646:
2645:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2638:
2629:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2584:
2577:
2570:
2563:
2555:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2543:
2536:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2439:
2437:
2428:
2416:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2370:
2369:
2348:
2347:
2340:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2317:
2311:
2310:
2303:
2302:External links
2300:
2299:
2298:
2288:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2267:
2252:
2246:
2231:
2225:
2212:
2203:
2197:
2182:
2176:
2170:. SUNY Press.
2161:
2155:
2140:
2134:
2121:
2115:
2102:
2096:
2081:
2075:
2060:
2054:
2029:
2023:
2008:
2002:
1989:
1983:
1968:
1962:
1949:
1943:
1930:
1924:
1918:. Cedar Fort.
1909:
1903:
1881:
1875:
1854:
1848:
1833:
1827:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1791:
1789:, p. 149.
1785:, p. 43;
1775:
1763:
1751:
1739:
1724:
1706:
1704:, p. 103.
1694:
1692:, p. 264.
1682:
1670:
1658:
1654:Wilkinson 2000
1646:
1642:Wilkinson 2001
1634:
1622:
1610:
1608:, p. 140.
1598:
1594:Wilkinson 2001
1586:
1582:Wilkinson 2001
1574:
1572:, p. 265.
1562:
1555:
1524:
1522:, p. 103.
1509:
1494:
1479:
1464:
1449:
1434:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1380:
1377:
1355:
1352:
1330:
1327:
1285:
1282:
1273:
1270:
1238:Main article:
1235:
1232:
1184:
1181:
1177:demotic script
1142:
1139:
1114:First Cataract
1070:
1067:
1030:
1027:
1013:Joann Fletcher
1004:
1001:
956:
953:
948:Toby Wilkinson
923:
920:
918:
915:
870:
867:
855:Toby Wilkinson
769:
766:
695:(also read as
677:
676:
671:
667:
666:
657:
653:
652:
649:
645:
644:
639:
635:
634:
629:
625:
624:
614:
610:
609:
604:
600:
599:
594:
593:
590:
589:
586:
585:
582:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
540:
539:
536:
535:
508:Saqqara Tablet
501:
500:
497:
496:
493:
490:
457:
456:
450:
449:
446:
445:
441:
440:
437:
436:
429:
426:
423:
418:
385:
384:
378:
377:
374:
373:
370:
369:
366:
365:
339:
338:
335:
334:
304:
303:
297:
296:
293:
292:
289:
288:
285:
284:
279:
251:
250:
244:
243:
240:
239:
236:
235:
232:
231:
224:
222:
219:
218:
215:
214:
211:
210:
207:
206:
201:
189:
188:
182:
180:
177:
176:
173:
172:
152:
151:
134:
133:
125:
122:Royal titulary
120:
119:
116:
115:
106:
102:
101:
92:
88:
87:
82:2668–2649 BC,
80:2687–2668 BC,
72:
66:
65:
59:
58:
48:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5893:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5868:
5866:
5853:
5848:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5753:
5750:
5743:
5739:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5700:
5696:
5694:
5693:
5689:
5687:
5686:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5674:
5670:
5668:
5667:
5663:
5661:
5660:
5656:
5654:
5653:
5649:
5647:
5646:
5642:
5640:
5639:
5635:
5633:
5632:
5628:
5626:
5625:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5613:
5609:
5607:
5606:
5602:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5589:
5585:
5583:
5582:
5578:
5576:
5575:
5571:
5569:
5568:
5564:
5562:
5561:
5557:
5555:
5554:
5550:
5548:
5547:
5543:
5541:
5540:
5536:
5534:
5531:
5529:
5526:
5524:
5521:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5508:
5504:
5502:
5501:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5444:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5404:
5402:
5400:
5396:
5393:
5385:
5381:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5345:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5298:Cleopatra III
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5230:
5228:
5226:
5222:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5202:
5200:
5198:
5194:
5191:
5183:
5179:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5150:
5148:
5146:
5142:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5118:
5114:
5108:
5107:
5103:
5101:
5100:Nepherites II
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5082:
5080:
5078:
5074:
5068:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5060:
5056:
5050:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5034:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5010:
5006:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4985:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4975:
4972:
4970:
4967:
4965:
4964:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4948:
4947:
4945:
4943:
4939:
4936:
4928:
4924:
4914:
4911:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4899:
4897:
4891:
4888:
4882:
4878:
4869:
4865:
4860:
4856:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4823:
4820:
4818:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4806:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4787:
4783:
4777:
4774:
4772:
4771:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4744:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4722:
4720:
4716:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4704:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4647:
4645:
4643:
4639:
4633:
4632:
4631:Psusennes III
4628:
4626:
4623:
4621:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4577:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4533:
4529:
4526:
4522:(1069–664 BC)
4518:
4514:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4488:Ramesses VIII
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4455:
4453:
4451:
4447:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4394:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4357:Amenhotep III
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4306:
4303:
4295:
4291:
4280:
4277:
4272:
4266:
4265:
4262:
4256:
4253:
4247:
4243:
4234:
4230:
4225:
4221:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4197:Seqenenre Tao
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4172:Sobekemsaf II
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4150:
4148:
4144:
4138:
4137:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4126:
4124:
4123:
4122:Wepwawetemsaf
4119:
4117:
4116:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4103:
4097:
4096:
4092:
4090:
4089:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4011:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3994:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3973:
3971:
3970:
3966:
3964:
3963:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3952:
3951:
3949:
3947:
3943:
3937:
3936:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3904:
3902:
3901:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3828:
3826:
3825:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3812:
3811:
3807:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3791:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3729:Merneferre Ay
3727:
3725:
3724:Wahibre Ibiau
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3709:Sobekhotep IV
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3568:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3559:
3556:
3548:
3544:
3534:
3533:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3516:Amenemhat III
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3484:
3480:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3460:
3458:
3454:
3448:
3447:Mentuhotep IV
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3437:Mentuhotep II
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3395:
3391:
3381:
3378:
3373:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3358:
3355:
3349:
3345:
3336:
3332:
3327:
3323:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3299:Wahkare Khety
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3254:Neferkare VII
3252:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3232:
3231:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3113:
3110:
3102:
3098:
3088:
3087:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2968:
2967:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2917:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2855:
2847:
2843:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2801:Seth-Peribsen
2799:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2744:Hotepsekhemwy
2742:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2674:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2651:
2647:
2637:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2585:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2535:
2534:Double Falcon
2532:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2440:
2438:
2436:
2432:
2429:
2425:(pre-3150 BC)
2421:
2420:Protodynastic
2417:
2407:
2404:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2384:
2381:
2375:
2371:
2362:
2358:
2357:Protodynastic
2353:
2349:
2345:
2338:
2333:
2331:
2326:
2324:
2319:
2318:
2315:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2296:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2270:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2253:
2249:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2232:
2228:
2222:
2218:
2213:
2209:
2204:
2200:
2198:0-415-15448-0
2194:
2190:
2189:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2162:
2158:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2141:
2137:
2131:
2127:
2122:
2118:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2099:
2093:
2089:
2088:
2082:
2078:
2076:9-771-72183-6
2072:
2068:
2067:
2061:
2057:
2055:0-521-07791-5
2051:
2047:
2042:
2041:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2024:0-500-05128-3
2020:
2016:
2015:
2009:
2005:
2003:1-850-43945-1
1999:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1969:
1965:
1963:9-774-24714-0
1959:
1955:
1950:
1946:
1944:9780367878542
1940:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1921:
1917:
1916:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1886:
1885:Bard, Kathryn
1882:
1878:
1876:0-195-12221-6
1872:
1868:
1863:
1862:
1855:
1851:
1849:977-17-3634-5
1845:
1841:
1840:
1839:Ancient Egypt
1834:
1830:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1800:
1795:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1772:
1767:
1761:, p. 44.
1760:
1755:
1749:, p. 48.
1748:
1743:
1735:
1728:
1720:
1713:
1711:
1703:
1698:
1691:
1686:
1679:
1674:
1668:, p. 17.
1667:
1662:
1655:
1650:
1643:
1638:
1632:, p. 15.
1631:
1626:
1620:, p. 48.
1619:
1614:
1607:
1602:
1596:, p. 79.
1595:
1590:
1583:
1578:
1571:
1566:
1558:
1556:0-07-027293-X
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1534:
1528:
1521:
1516:
1514:
1507:, p. 50.
1506:
1501:
1499:
1491:
1490:Fletcher 2015
1486:
1484:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1462:, p. 39.
1461:
1456:
1454:
1447:, p. 55.
1446:
1441:
1439:
1429:
1425:
1410:
1406:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1360:
1351:
1349:
1345:
1335:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1306:
1304:
1299:
1290:
1281:
1279:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1102:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1035:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1014:
1010:
1000:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
979:
978:Palermo stone
975:
974:cattle counts
971:
961:
952:
949:
946:Egyptologist
944:
942:
938:
933:
929:
928:Third Dynasty
922:Third Dynasty
914:
912:
908:
904:
901:
900:Hetephernebti
897:
895:
890:
888:
884:
880:
876:
866:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
835:Egyptologists
832:
828:
823:
821:
817:
814:
809:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
783:
779:
778:...djeser-sah
774:
765:
763:
759:
755:
754:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
706:
702:
698:
694:
687:
683:
675:
672:
668:
665:
661:
658:
654:
650:
646:
643:
640:
636:
633:
630:
626:
622:
618:
615:
611:
608:
607:Hetephernebti
605:
601:
579:
576:
573:
570:
565:
564:
561:
560:
555:
549:
548:
531:
530:
527:
526:
521:
516:
510:
509:
494:
491:
488:
487:
484:
483:
478:
474:
470:....djeser-sa
468:
467:
463:
462:
458:
455:
451:
444:
430:
427:
424:
419:
414:
413:
410:
409:
396:
391:
390:
386:
383:
379:
363:
362:
359:
358:
353:
348:
330:
329:
326:
325:
320:
315:
310:
309:
305:
302:
298:
280:
277:
276:
273:
272:
267:
262:
261:Nb.tj Nṯrj-ẖt
257:
256:
252:
249:
245:
225:
223:
216:
202:
199:
198:
195:
194:
190:
186:
183:
170:
169:
166:
165:
162:
161:
158:
157:
154:
153:
150:
145:
140:
139:
135:
132:
128:
123:
117:
114:
110:
107:
103:
100:
96:
93:
89:
73:
71:
67:
64:
60:
56:
52:
46:
41:
36:
31:
19:
5697:
5690:
5683:
5671:
5664:
5657:
5650:
5643:
5636:
5629:
5622:
5610:
5603:
5586:
5579:
5572:
5565:
5558:
5551:
5544:
5537:
5505:
5498:
5484:Lucius Verus
5441:
5342:
5318:Berenice III
5308:Cleopatra IV
5283:Cleopatra II
5215:Alexander IV
5135:Nectanebo II
5104:
5085:Nepherites I
5044:Artaxerxes I
5031:
4961:
4949:
4932:(664–332 BC)
4912:
4868:Roman Period
4770:Shoshenq VII
4768:
4741:
4701:
4682:Shoshenq III
4664:
4629:
4592:
4570:Psusennes II
4483:Ramesses VII
4463:Ramesses III
4347:Amenhotep II
4342:Thutmose III
4278:
4167:Sobekemsaf I
4159:
4134:
4127:
4120:
4113:
4093:
4086:
3991:
3974:
3969:'Aper-'Anati
3967:
3960:
3953:
3933:
3926:
3919:
3912:
3905:
3898:
3891:
3877:Sekheperenre
3829:
3822:
3815:
3808:
3801:
3699:Neferhotep I
3689:Seth Meribre
3666:
3652:Djedkheperew
3569:
3530:
3521:Amenemhat IV
3511:Senusret III
3501:Amenemhat II
3417:Mentuhotep I
3379:
3268:
3228:
3221:
3214:
3207:
3133:Neferkare II
3084:
3077:
3010:Nyuserre Ini
2964:
2947:
2902:
2895:
2883:
2868:
2824:
2819:Neferkasokar
2817:
2810:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2723:
2716:
2624:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2567:Finger Snail
2565:
2558:
2538:
2526:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2456:
2449:
2442:
2405:
2294:
2284:
2257:
2236:
2216:
2207:
2187:
2166:
2145:
2125:
2106:
2086:
2065:
2039:
2013:
1993:
1973:
1953:
1934:
1914:
1889:
1860:
1838:
1817:
1808:Bibliography
1794:
1787:Bestock 2017
1778:
1766:
1754:
1742:
1733:
1727:
1718:
1697:
1685:
1673:
1661:
1649:
1637:
1625:
1613:
1601:
1589:
1577:
1570:Berrett 1996
1565:
1537:
1527:
1492:, p. 7.
1445:Mieroop 2010
1428:
1409:
1365:
1340:
1307:
1295:
1275:
1259:
1217:
1205:lapis lazuli
1186:
1150:
1144:
1135:
1118:Famine Stela
1103:
1094:
1090:
1075:step pyramid
1072:
1040:
1017:
1006:
996:
992:
984:
976:recorded on
969:
966:
945:
925:
905:
898:
891:
887:Beit Khallaf
872:
826:
824:
815:
810:
788:The painted
787:
777:
751:
731:
723:
700:
696:
692:
691:
660:Step pyramid
553:
545:
519:
514:
506:
476:
472:
464:
399:
394:
352:Golden Horus
351:
346:
318:
313:
301:Golden Horus
265:
260:
258:Netjerikhet
148:
143:
86:2630–2611 BC
5588:Gordian III
5533:Diadumenian
5333:Cleopatra V
5187:(332–30 BC)
5182:Hellenistic
5125:Nectanebo I
5017:Cambyses II
4999:Psamtik III
4957:Tefnakht II
4759:Takelot III
4754:Osorkon III
4749:Shoshenq VI
4703:Pedubast II
4687:Shoshenq IV
4660:Shoshenq II
4625:Pinedjem II
4615:Menkheperre
4550:Psusennes I
4503:Ramesses XI
4493:Ramesses IX
4478:Ramesses VI
4468:Ramesses IV
4415:Ramesses II
4377:Tutankhamun
4352:Thutmose IV
4332:Thutmose II
4322:Amenhotep I
4294:New Kingdom
4229:New Kingdom
4088:Senusret IV
4072:Dedumose II
4047:Nebiriau II
4042:Nebiryraw I
4037:Mentuhotepi
3842:Khakherewre
3769:Merkheperre
3679:Imyremeshaw
3662:Sedjefakare
3617:Sehetepibre
3592:Ameny Qemau
3526:Sobekneferu
3506:Senusret II
3491:Amenemhat I
3473:Iyibkhentre
3203:Neferirkare
3198:Neferkauhor
3005:Shepseskare
2846:Old Kingdom
2832:Khasekhemwy
2812:Neferkara I
2781:Weneg-Nebty
2626:Scorpion II
1799:Robins 2014
1759:Robins 2014
1690:Bunson 2014
1678:Bunson 2014
1520:Bunson 2014
1272:The pyramid
1213:hieroglyphs
1130:Elephantine
1095:Aesculapius
1087:Aesculapius
1083:Old Kingdom
932:Old Kingdom
875:Khasekhemwy
861:'s tomb in
859:Khasekhemwy
827:Necherophes
820:New Kingdom
816:Netjerikhet
758:Horus names
740:Khasekhemwy
716:Old Kingdom
714:during the
712:3rd Dynasty
674:3rd Dynasty
632:Khasekhemwy
520:The sublime
95:Khasekhemwy
91:Predecessor
5865:Categories
5705:Diocletian
5659:Quintillus
5612:Aemilianus
5567:Gordian II
5539:Elagabalus
5360:Arsinoe IV
5243:Arsinoe II
5168:Darius III
5095:Psammuthes
4984:Psamtik II
4799:Bakenranef
4737:Pedubast I
4732:Takelot II
4727:Harsiese A
4709:Osorkon IV
4697:Shoshenq V
4677:Osorkon II
4650:Shoshenq I
4620:Smendes II
4600:Pinedjem I
4545:Amenemnisu
4498:Ramesses X
4473:Ramesses V
4425:Amenmesses
4405:Ramesses I
4367:Smenkhkare
4337:Hatshepsut
4327:Thutmose I
4077:Montuemsaf
4067:Dedumose I
3867:Nebdjefare
3857:Merdjefare
3627:Nedjemibre
3622:Sewadjkare
3496:Senusret I
3468:Qakare Ini
3289:Meryhathor
3193:Neferkaure
3188:Qakare Iby
3173:Neferkahor
3158:Neferkamin
2966:Thamphthis
2960:Shepseskaf
2874:Sekhemkhet
2725:Horus Bird
2602:Scorpion I
2268:0710306679
2247:0415260116
1702:Atiya 2006
1545:. p.
1475:Atiya 2006
1421:References
1197:South tomb
1189:Al-Nuwayri
1106:Heliopolis
911:Sekhemkhet
813:Horus name
742:and Queen
724:Tosorthros
720:Hellenized
621:Sekhemkhet
473:...-ḏsr-s3
248:Nebty name
144:Hr-nṯrj.ẖt
131:Horus name
109:Sekhemkhet
49:Limestone
5837:Ptolemaic
5645:Gallienus
5560:Gordian I
5523:Caracalla
5449:Vespasian
5443:Vitellius
5225:Ptolemaic
5067:Amyrtaeus
5049:Darius II
4994:Ahmose II
4974:Psamtik I
4913:uncertain
4901:Pharaohs
4837:Tanutamun
4672:Takelot I
4655:Osorkon I
4605:Masaharta
4555:Amenemope
4458:Setnakhte
4420:Merneptah
4362:Akhenaten
4279:uncertain
4161:Nebmaatre
3982:Sakir-Har
3935:Yaqub-Har
3847:Nebefawre
3597:Hotepibre
3463:Segerseni
3432:Intef III
3380:uncertain
3368:Pharaohs
3000:Neferefre
2826:Hudjefa I
2707:Semerkhet
2444:Hedju Hor
2406:uncertain
2394:Pharaohs
1747:Adès 2007
1606:Bard 2015
1505:Rice 1999
1369:Colonnade
1344:Nine bows
1315:Semerkhet
1278:limestone
1228:Nectanebo
1047:turquoise
907:Inetkawes
883:Nimaethap
790:limestone
782:cartouche
748:Ramesside
744:Nimaathap
732:Sesorthos
703:) was an
642:Nimaethap
617:Inetkawes
551:Djoserit
105:Successor
51:Ka statue
5797:21 to 23
5715:Galerius
5710:Maximian
5699:Numerian
5666:Aurelian
5618:Valerian
5581:Balbinus
5574:Pupienus
5528:Macrinus
5500:Pertinax
5494:Commodus
5459:Domitian
5422:Claudius
5417:Caligula
5412:Tiberius
5407:Augustus
5027:Darius I
4979:Necho II
4822:Shebitku
4794:Tefnakht
4387:Horemheb
4317:Ahmose I
4129:Pantjeny
4115:Senebkay
4095:Pepi III
4057:Bebiankh
3914:Shenshek
3872:Nebsenre
3704:Sihathor
3674:Khendjer
3637:Renseneb
3582:Nerikare
3427:Intef II
3304:Merykare
3209:Wadjkare
3153:Merenhor
3048:Userkare
2955:Menkaure
2949:Bikheris
2938:Djedefre
2904:Qahedjet
2788:Wadjenes
2774:Horus Sa
2767:Nubnefer
2754:Nynetjer
2718:Sneferka
2458:Ni-Neith
2344:Pharaohs
1887:(2015).
1783:Poo 2012
1535:(1974).
1379:See also
1323:Sekhemib
1319:Nynetjer
1173:Tebtunis
1157:shipyard
1110:Gebelein
981:register
930:and the
768:Identity
736:Eusebius
619:, maybe
613:Children
344:Nub-Hor
113:Sanakhte
5692:Carinus
5673:Tacitus
5631:Quietus
5474:Hadrian
5158:Khabash
4989:Wahibre
4969:Necho I
4963:Nekauba
4951:Ammeris
4894:Dynasty
4832:Taharqa
4827:Shabaka
4764:Rudamun
4743:Iuput I
4588:Herihor
4540:Smendes
4440:Twosret
4430:Seti II
4274:female)
4259:Dynasty
4155:Rahotep
4052:Semenre
4022:Djehuti
4004:Khamudi
3993:Yanassi
3976:Salitis
3928:Yakareb
3921:Khamure
3852:Sehebre
3774:Merkare
3422:Intef I
3361:Dynasty
3270:Imhotep
3230:Iytjenu
3216:Khuiqer
3128:Menkare
3079:Neferka
3063:Pepi II
2985:Userkaf
2879:Sanakht
2702:Anedjib
2682:Hor-Aha
2615:Iry-Hor
2609:Shendjw
2581:Pen-Abu
2465:Hat-Hor
2387:Dynasty
1895:140–145
1348:Nubians
1303:Heb-Sed
1266:Imhotep
1262:mastaba
1256:, Egypt
1254:Saqqara
1220:Demotic
1209:granite
1201:Saqqara
1161:Imhotep
1099:Imhotep
1091:Imuthes
1079:mastaba
983:V, and
941:Sanakht
894:Sneferu
839:dynasty
802:Saqqara
728:Manetho
710:of the
708:pharaoh
670:Dynasty
664:Saqqara
623: ?
603:Consort
512:Djoser
311:Nub-Ra
63:Pharaoh
5871:Djoser
5832:Argead
5679:Probus
5599:Decius
5594:Philip
5469:Trajan
5197:Argead
5106:Muthis
5059:XXVIII
5039:Xerxes
4907:female
4885:Period
4594:Piankh
4565:Siamun
4435:Siptah
4410:Seti I
4250:Period
4202:Kamose
4136:Snaaib
4106:Abydos
3962:Semqen
3955:Sharek
3907:Sheneh
3887:'Apepi
3882:Bebnum
3837:Nehesy
3657:Sebkay
3577:Sonbef
3374:female
3352:Period
3163:Nikare
3053:Pepi I
2990:Sahure
2943:Khafre
2928:Snefru
2897:Sedjes
2869:Djoser
2795:Senedj
2673:Narmer
2632:Narmer
2514:Wazner
2479:Hsekiu
2451:Ny-Hor
2400:female
2378:Period
2265:
2244:
2223:
2195:
2174:
2153:
2132:
2113:
2094:
2073:
2052:
2048:–169.
2021:
2000:
1981:
1960:
1941:
1922:
1901:
1873:
1846:
1825:
1553:
1373:Serdab
1224:Inaros
1147:vizier
1051:copper
869:Family
863:Abydos
734:(from
730:) and
726:(from
722:names
697:Djeser
693:Djoser
656:Burial
638:Mother
628:Father
554:Ḏsr-jt
347:Nbw-Ḥr
314:Nbw-Rˁ
55:serdab
33:Djoser
5685:Carus
5464:Nerva
5454:Titus
5432:Galba
5399:XXXIV
5384:Roman
5163:Arses
5090:Hakor
5009:XXVII
4719:XXIII
4309:XVIII
4269:(male
3999:Apepi
3987:Khyan
3900:Wazad
3668:Wegaf
3602:Iufni
3456:Nubia
3264:Setut
3086:Nefer
2933:Khufu
2891:Khaba
2885:Nebka
2749:Nebra
2677:Menes
2636:Menes
2588:Stork
2551:Upper
2507:Neheb
2500:Thesh
2486:Khayu
2435:Lower
1869:–19.
1401:Notes
1248:Step
1193:Copts
1169:Khufu
1152:tjaty
1126:Khnum
1059:Horus
937:Nebka
917:Reign
843:Khufu
831:Nebka
798:Cairo
753:Nebka
701:Zoser
454:Nomen
99:Nebka
70:Reign
18:Zoser
5518:Geta
5437:Otho
5427:Nero
5145:XXXI
5130:Teos
5077:XXIX
4942:XXVI
4927:Late
4904:male
4864:Late
4817:Piye
4786:XXIV
4692:Pami
4642:XXII
4231:and
4147:XVII
3893:Nuya
3562:XIII
3371:male
3333:and
3223:Khui
3120:VIII
3043:Teti
3025:Unas
2910:Huni
2712:Qa'a
2692:Djet
2687:Djer
2595:Bull
2574:Fish
2540:Wash
2521:Mekh
2397:male
2263:ISBN
2242:ISBN
2221:ISBN
2193:ISBN
2172:ISBN
2151:ISBN
2130:ISBN
2111:ISBN
2092:ISBN
2071:ISBN
2050:ISBN
2019:ISBN
1998:ISBN
1979:ISBN
1958:ISBN
1939:ISBN
1920:ISBN
1899:ISBN
1871:ISBN
1844:ISBN
1823:ISBN
1551:ISBN
1321:and
1298:maze
1234:Tomb
1226:and
1108:and
1063:Nile
1049:and
995:and
939:and
851:Huni
699:and
648:Died
5117:XXX
4866:to
4809:XXV
4532:XXI
4397:XIX
4014:XVI
3794:XIV
3642:Hor
3483:XII
3116:VII
2861:III
2697:Den
2493:Tiu
2359:to
2046:145
1547:149
1311:Den
1252:at
1055:Set
796:in
662:at
515:ḏsr
5867::
5827:31
5822:30
5817:27
5812:26
5807:25
5802:24
5792:20
5787:19
5782:18
5777:12
5772:11
4450:XX
4382:Ay
3946:XV
3409:XI
3241:IX
3035:VI
2920:IV
2760:Ba
2736:II
2675:/
2634:/
2620:Ka
2472:Pu
2293::
1897:.
1867:15
1709:^
1549:.
1541:.
1512:^
1497:^
1482:^
1467:^
1452:^
1437:^
1317:,
1313:,
1268:.
1215:.
999:.
896:.
5767:4
5763:3
5760:2
5756:1
3281:X
3118:/
2977:V
2665:I
2560:A
2528:A
2336:e
2329:t
2322:v
2271:.
2250:.
2229:.
2201:.
2180:.
2159:.
2138:.
2119:.
2100:.
2079:.
2058:.
2027:.
2006:.
1987:.
1966:.
1947:.
1928:.
1907:.
1879:.
1852:.
1831:.
1559:.
1149:(
20:)
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