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576:. In 2009, he met Richard Sword and started collaborating to convert the Time Perspective Theory into a clinical therapy, beginning a four-year long pilot study and establishing time perspective therapy. In 2009, Zimbardo did his Ted Talk "The Psychology of Time" about the Time Perspective Theory. According to this Ted Talk, there are six kinds of different Time Perspectives which are Past Positive TP (Time Perspective), Past Negative TP, Present Hedonism TP, Present Fatalism TP, Future Life Goal-Oriented TP and Future Transcendental TP. In 2012, Zimbardo, Richard Sword, and his wife Rosemary authored a book named
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though their own rules stated the limit that a prisoner could be in solitary confinement was only one hour). Instead of the other prisoners considering this inmate as a hero and following along in his strike, they chanted together that he was a bad prisoner and a troublemaker. Prisoners and guards had adapted rapidly to their roles, doing more than what had been predicted and resulting on dangerous and potentially psychologically damaging situations. Zimbardo himself started to give in to the roles of the situation. He had to be shown the reality of the study by
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pathogenic social environment, the guards were given clear instructions for how to create it ... The experimenters intervened directly in the experiment, either to give precise instructions, to recall the purposes of the experiment, or to set a general direction ...In order to get their full participation, Zimbardo intended to make the guards believe that they were his research assistants.". Since his original publication in French, Le Texier's accusations have been examined by science communicators in the United States. In his book
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682:. He argued that Frederick's sentence should be lessened due to mitigating circumstances, explaining that few individuals can resist the powerful situational pressures of a prison, particularly without proper training and supervision. The judge apparently disregarded Zimbardo's testimony, and gave Frederick the maximum 8-year sentence. Zimbardo drew on the knowledge he gained from his participation in the Frederick case to write a new book entitled
411:. Later in the experiment, as some guards became more aggressive, taking away prisoners' cots (so that they had to sleep on the floor), and forcing them to use buckets kept in their cells as toilets, and then refusing permission to empty the buckets, neither the other guards nor Zimbardo himself intervened. Knowing that their actions were observed but not rebuked, guards considered that they had implicit approval for such actions.
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cell with black steel-barred doors. The only furniture in each cell was a cot. Solitary confinement was a small unlit closet. Zimbardo's goal for the
Stanford Prison study was to assess the psychological effect on a (randomly assigned) student of becoming a prisoner or prison guard. A 1997 article from the Stanford News Service described the experiment's goals in more detail:
499:" and were in a situation like that of the Stanford prison study, where physically and psychologically healthy people were behaving sadistically and brutalizing prisoners. Zimbardo became absorbed in trying to understand who these people were, asking the question "are they inexplicable, can we not understand them". This caused him to write the book
495:', claim that the events were due to a few rogue soldiers and that it did not represent the military. Instead he considered the situation that the soldiers were in and considered the possibility that this situation might have induced the behavior that they displayed. He began with the assumption that the abusers were not "
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dehumanization that illustrated the ease with which ordinary people could be led to engage in anti-social acts by putting them in situations where they felt anonymous, or they could perceive of others in ways that made them less than human, as enemies or objects," Zimbardo told the
Toronto symposium in the summer of 1996.
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in which 24 male college students were selected (from an applicant pool of 75). After a mental health screening, the remaining men were assigned randomly to be "prisoners" or "guards" in a mock prison located in the basement of the psychology building at
Stanford. Prisoners were confined to a 6' Ă 9'
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Occasionally, disputes between prisoner and guards got out of hand, violating an explicit injunction against physical force that both prisoners and guards had read prior to enrolling in the study. When the "superintendent" and "warden" overlooked these incidents, the message to the guards was clear:
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In 2015, Zimbardo co-authored a book "Man (Dis)connected: How
Technology Has Sabotaged What It Means To Be Male", which collected research to support a thesis that males are increasingly disconnected from society. He argues that a lack of two-parent households and female-oriented schooling have made
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As of 2014 Zimbardo is the founder and director of the Heroic
Imagination Project (HIP), a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting heroism in everyday life. The project is currently collecting data from former American gang members and individuals with former ties to terrorism for comparison,
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was written in response to his findings in the
Stanford Prison Experiment. Zimbardo believes that personality characteristics could play a role in how violent or submissive actions are manifested. In the book, Zimbardo says that humans cannot be defined as good or evil because we have the ability to
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In later interviews, several guards told interviewers that they knew what
Zimbardo wanted to have happen, and they did their best to make that happen. Less than two full days into the study, one inmate pretended to suffer from depression, uncontrolled rage and other mental dysfunctions. The prisoner
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In the prison-conscious autumn of 1971, when George
Jackson was killed at San Quentin and Attica erupted in even more deadly rebellion and retribution, the Stanford Prison Experiment made news in a big way. It offered the world a videotaped demonstration of how ordinary people, middle-class college
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of it accompanying survey at the
Western Psychological Association in 2013. Brunskill finished the data collection in December 2013. Through an exploratory component factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency and validity tests demonstrated that SIS was a reliable and valid
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discusses charges that the whole experiment was faked and fraudulent; Bregman argued this experiment is often used as an example to show that people succumb easily to evil behavior, but
Zimbardo has been less than candid about the fact that he told the guards to act the way they did. More recently,
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I felt that throughout the experiment, he knew what he wanted and then tried to shape the experimentâby how it was constructed, and how it played outâto fit the conclusion that he had already worked out. He wanted to be able to say that college students, people from middle-class backgroundsâpeople
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By the end of the study, the guards had won complete control over all of their prisoners and were using their authority to its greatest extent. One prisoner had even gone as far as to begin a hunger strike. When he refused to eat, the guards put him into solitary confinement for three hours (even
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In 2008, Zimbardo began working with Sarah Brunskill and Anthony Ferreras on a new theory termed social intensity syndrome (SIS). SIS is a new term invented to describe and normalize the effects military culture has on the socialization of both active soldiers and veterans. Zimbardo and Brunskill
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More recently, Thibault Le Texier of the University of Nice has examined the archives of the experiment, including videos, recordings, and Zimbardo's handwritten notes, and argued that "The guards knew what results the experiment was supposed to produce ... Far from reacting spontaneously to this
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Zimbardo himself participated with the study, playing the role of "prison superintendent" who could mediate disputes between guards and prisoners. He instructed guards to find ways to dominate the prisoners, not with physical violence, but with other tactics, verging on torture, such as sleep
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Zimbardo's primary reason for conducting the experiment was to focus on the power of roles, rules, symbols, group identity and situational validation of behavior that generally would repulse ordinary individuals. "I had been conducting research for some years on deindividuation, vandalism and
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in an attempt to better understand how individuals change violent behavior. This research portion of the project is co-directed by Rony Berger, Yotam Heineburg, and Leonard Beckum. He published an article contrasting heroism and altruism in 2011 with Zeno Franco and Kathy Blau in the
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436:, his girlfriend and future wife, who had just received her doctorate in psychology. Zimbardo stated that the message from the study is that "situations can have a more powerful influence over our behaviour than most people appreciate, and few people recognize ."
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At the end of the study, after all the prisoners had been released, everyone was brought back into the same room for evaluation and to be able to get their feelings out in the open towards one another. Ethical concerns about the study often compare it to the
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was eventually released after screaming and acting in an unstable manner in front of the other inmates. He revealed later that he faked this "breakdown" to get out of the study early. This prisoner was replaced with one of the alternates.
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all is well; keep going as you are. The participants knew that an audience was watching, and so a lack of feedback could be read as tacit approval. And the sense of being watched may also have encouraged them to perform.
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Time Perspective therapy bears similarities to Pause Button Therapy, developed by psychotherapist Martin Shirran, whom Zimbardo corresponded with and met at the first International Time Perspective Conference at the
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an APA psychology article reviewed this work in detail and concluded that Zimbardo encouraged the guards to act the way they did, so rather than this behavior appearing on its own, it was generated by Zimbardo.
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262:, which was later criticized severely for both ethical and scientific reasons. He has authored various introductory psychology textbooks for college students, and other notable works, including
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The Journey from the Bronx to Stanford to Abu Ghraib, pp. 85â104 in "Journeys in Social Psychology: Looking Back to Inspire the Future", edited by Robert Levine, et al., CRC Press, 2008.
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students, can do things they would have never believed they were capable of doing. It seemed to say, as Hannah Arendt said of Adolf Eichmann, that normal people can take ghastly actions.
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Salvatore Cianciabella (prefazione di Philip Zimbardo, nota introduttiva di Liliana De Curtis). Siamo uomini e caporali. Psicologia della dis-obbedienza. Franco Angeli, 2014.
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Zimbardo, Philip G.; Ferreras, Anthony; Brunskill, Sarah R. (2015). "Social Intensity Syndrome: The Development and Validation of the Social Intensity Syndrome Scale".
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Influencing attitude and changing behavior: A basic introduction to relevant methodology, theory, and applications (Topics in social psychology), Addison Wesley, 1969
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Sword, Richard M.; Sword, Rosemary K.M.; Brunskill, Sarah R.; Zimbardo, Philip G. (2013). "Time Perspective Therapy: A new time-based metaphor therapy for PTSD".
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in adults and children. Zimbardo's research on shyness resulted in several bestselling books on the topic. Other subjects he has researched include
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2001:
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Thibault Le Texier, "Debunking the Stanford Prison Experiment." American Psychologist, Vol 74(7), Oct 2019, 823-839dx.doi.org/10.1037/amp0000401
316:. Zimbardo has said these experiences early in life began his curiosity about people's behavior, and later influenced his research in school.
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After the prison experiment, Zimbardo decided to search for ways he could use psychology to help people; this resulted in the founding of
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Violence Workers: Police Torturers and Murderers Reconstruct Brazilian Atrocities. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2002,
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Man Interrupted: Why Young Men are Struggling & What We Can Do About It. Philip Zimbardo, Nikita Coulombe; Conari Press, 2016.
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In 1971, Zimbardo accepted a tenured position as professor of psychology at Stanford University. With a government grant from the
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Canvassing for Peace: A Manual for Volunteers. Ann Arbor, MI: Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, 1970, ISBN
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Maschi in difficoltĂ , Zimbardo, Philip, Coulombe, Nikita D., Cianciabella, Salvatore (a cura di), FrancoAngeli Editore, 2017.
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Since 2003, Zimbardo has been active in charitable and economic work in rural Sicily through the Zimbardo-Luczo Fund with
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Gold Medal for Lifetime Achievement in the Science of Psychology. In 2011, he received an honorary doctorate degree from
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Zimbardo, who retired officially in 2003, gave his final lecture "Exploring Human Nature" on March 7, 2007, on the
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Le Texier, T. (2018). Histoire dâun mensonge: EnquĂȘte sur lâexpĂ©rience de Stanford . Paris, France: La DĂ©couverte
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Stanford prison experiment: A simulation study of the psychology of imprisonment, Philip G. Zimbardo, Inc., 1972
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2453:"Critical Situations: The Evolution of a Situational Psychologist - A Conversation with Philip Zimbardo"
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in Sicily. Early in life he experienced discrimination and prejudice, growing up poor on welfare in the
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1998:
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1575:"Rethinking the nature of cruelty: The role of identity leadership in the Stanford Prison Experiment"
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The Shy Child : Overcoming and Preventing Shyness from Infancy to Adulthood, Malor Books, 1999,
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act as both especially according to the situation. Examples include the events that occurred at the
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Influencing Attitudes and Changing Behavior. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley Publishing Co., 1969,
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Influencing Attitudes and Changing Behavior (2nd ed.). Reading, MA: Addison Wesley., 1977, ISBN
585:, Portugal. Zimbardo wrote the foreword to the second edition of Shirran's book on the subject.
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2205:"Psychologist Philip Zimbardo: 'Boys risk become addicted to porn, video games and Ritalin'"
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He taught at Yale from 1959 to 1960. From 1960 to 1967, he was a professor of psychology at
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campus, bringing his teaching career of 50 years to an end. David Spiegel, professor of
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about the Time Perspective Theory and the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) in
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1878:"Social intensity syndrome phenomenon theory: Looking at the military as a sub culture"
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2041:"Philip Zimbardo - The Daily Show with Jon Stewart - Video Clip | Comedy Central"
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Heroism: A conceptual analysis and differentiation between heroic action and altruism.
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The Psychology of Attitude Change and Social Influence. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991,
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Caprara, Gian Vittorio; Barbaranelli, Claudio; Zimbardo, Philip (February 6, 1997).
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Award for Psychology for their report "Politicians' Uniquely Simple Personalities".
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scholars Gian Vittorio Caprara, and Claudio Barbaranelli were awarded the sarcastic
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Zimbardo discussed the similarities between the behavior of the participants in the
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The Time Cure: Overcoming PTSD with the New Psychology of Time Perspective Therapy
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Psychology (3rd Edition), Reading, MA: Addison Wesley Publishing Co., 1999,
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Haslam, S. Alexander; Reicher, Stephen D.; Van Bavel, Jay J. (October 2019).
1367:"The Stanford Prison Experiment: Still powerful after all these years (1/97)"
1277:"The Stanford Prison Experiment: Still powerful after all these years (1/97)"
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537:, there are seven social processes that grease "the slippery slope of evil":
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Man, interrupted: why young men are struggling & what we can do about it
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304:. He was often mistaken for someone of other races and ethnicities such as
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will turn on each other just because they're given a role and given power.
1090:"On 50 years of giving psychology away: An interview with Philip Zimbardo"
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Zimbardo is the co-author of an introductory Psychology textbook entitled
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The Time Paradox: The New Psychology of Time That Will Change Your Life,
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The Cognitive Control of Motivation. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman, 1969
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Zimbardo's writing appeared in Greater Good Magazine, published by the
686:, about the connections between Abu Ghraib and the prison experiments.
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The Time Paradox: The New Psychology of Time That Will Change Your Life
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1835:"Heroic Imagination Project - Creating a Society of Heroes in Waiting"
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Zimbardo, Philip G.; Sword, Richard M.; Sword, Rosemary K.M. (2012).
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Psychology - Core Concepts, 5/e, Allyn & Bacon Publishing, 2005,
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was his advisor. While at Yale, he married fellow graduate student
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Man (Dis)connected, Zimbardo, Philip, Coulombe, Nikita D., Rider/
2023:"Peninsula news | The Mercury News and Palo Alto Daily News"
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337:. He completed his M.S. (1955) and PhD (1959) in psychology from
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Shyness: What It Is, What to Do About It, Addison Wesley, 1990,
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1668:"The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil".
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Psychology And Life, 17/e, Allyn & Bacon Publishing, 2005,
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in California in 1968 and has taught for 50 years there (APA).
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TytuĆ Doktora Honoris Causa dla prof. Zimbardo w SWPS Warszawa
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Zimbardo has made appearances on American television, such as
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The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil,
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Zimbardo serves as advisor to the anti-bullying organization
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2233:"Award: Phil Zimbardo to receive the APA's Gold Medal Award"
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2235:. Stanford University Psychology Department. Archived from
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The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good People Turn Evil
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Passive tolerance of evil through inaction or indifference
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on March 23, 1933, to a family of Italian immigrants from
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Philip G. Zimbardo Papers (Stanford University Archives)
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and appears in the organization's videos to explain the
2179:"Zimbardo's foundation gives hope to Sicilian students"
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In 2004, Zimbardo testified for the defense during the
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Maslach and Zimbardo in 1972, a year after the study.
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Stanford University Department of Psychology faculty
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Presidents of the American Psychological Association
2069:. Thesituationist.wordpress.com. February 12, 2008.
1279:. News.stanford.edu. August 12, 1996. Archived from
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Philip Zimbardo on the Lucifer Effect, in two parts
1946:"Resource: Discovering Psychology: Updated Edition"
1689:"Philip Zimbardo: The psychology of evil - YouTube"
1526:(Illustrated ed.). Little, Brown and Company.
1308:"The Real Lesson of the Stanford Prison Experiment"
226:
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1973:"The Times | UK News, World News and Opinion"
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1205:Stanford Prison Experiment â Spotlight at Stanford
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2370:Zimbardo, Philip G.; Coulombe, Nikita D. (2016).
2258:Strefa Psyche Uniwersytetu SWPS (June 10, 2011),
1876:Brunskill, Sarah; Zimbardo, Philip (April 2013).
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354:New York University College of Arts & Science
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1901:Journal of Personality and Individual Difference
1859:Franco, Z., Blau, K. & Zimbardo, P. (2011).
1639:"Panel blames Bush officials for detainee abuse"
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276:. He is also the initiator and president of the
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1670:The Journal of the American Medical Association
618:construct of measuring military socialization.
534:The Journal of the American Medical Association
349:; they had a son in 1962 and divorced in 1971.
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1039:"In Life and Business, Learning to Be Ethical"
772:it more attractive to live virtually, risking
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588:
319:He completed his B.A. with a triple major in
2321:"Politicians' uniquely simple personalities"
1837:. Heroicimagination.ning.com. Archived from
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1970:
1882:Western Psychological Association, Reno, NV
613:presented the new theory and a preliminary
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1997:Franco, Z. & Zimbardo, P. (2006-2007)
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1073:Heroic Imagination Project. Archived from
1005:Human experimentation in the United States
568:In 2008, Zimbardo published his work with
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1598:
1547:Jennifer Bort Yacovissi (July 16, 2020).
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2093:"Shows - When Good People Do Bad Things"
2015:
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27:American social psychologist (born 1933)
2300:from the original on September 18, 2014
2073:from the original on September 30, 2011
2067:"Philip Zimbardo on the Colbert Report"
2059:
1926:What messages are behind today's cults?
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1464:from the original on November 10, 2018.
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14:
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1699:from the original on November 15, 2015
1553:Washington Independent Review of Books
1369:. News.stanford.edu. August 12, 1996.
1306:Konnikova, Konnikova (June 12, 2015).
1269:
1036:
1027:
714:Stanford University School of Medicine
541:Mindlessly taking the first small step
527:, in which the defense teamâincluding
246:; born March 23, 1933) is an American
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2099:from the original on October 29, 2011
1051:from the original on January 20, 2014
506:
489:Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
475:Abu Ghraib torture and prisoner abuse
2047:from the original on August 11, 2011
2043:. Thedailyshow.com. March 29, 2007.
1676:(11): 1338â1340. September 19, 2007.
1492:
1443:
1408:from the original on April 22, 2012.
1235:from the original on October 7, 2014
1169:Contemporary Science Fiction Authors
1148:from the original on October 8, 2011
556:Uncritical conformity to group norms
550:Diffusion of personal responsibility
547:De-individuation of self (anonymity)
3557:21st-century American psychologists
3552:20th-century American psychologists
2296:. Guardian News and Media Limited.
2095:. Dr. Phil.com. December 22, 2010.
1979:from the original on August 9, 2011
1975:. Entertainment.timesonline.co.uk.
1802:
1373:from the original on August 2, 2011
469:Prisoner abuse at Abu Ghraib Prison
24:
3562:American people of Italian descent
2502:American Psychological Association
2185:from the original on June 11, 2016
2159:from the original on March 5, 2016
2129:from the original on March 5, 2016
1788:. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
1753:Zimbardo, Philip (June 22, 2009).
1649:from the original on March 6, 2016
1095:American Psychological Association
1037:Tugend, Alina (January 10, 2014).
749:Zimbardo speaking in Poland, 2009.
742:and discuss the evil of inaction.
695:University of California, Berkeley
621:
356:. From 1967 to 1968, he taught at
25:
3613:
2394:
2376:. Newburyport, MA: Conari Press.
2286:Abrahams, Marc (April 20, 2005).
1261:. p. Slide 4. Archived from
796:in Warsaw. In 2003, Zimbardo and
790:American Psychological Foundation
444:, which was performed in 1961 at
2268:from the original on May 5, 2018
1765:from the original on May 4, 2016
1229:"The Stanford Prison Experiment"
1189:. November 14, 1962. p. 46.
407:deprivation and punishment with
213:
198:
159:
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2197:
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1991:
1964:
1938:
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1864:Review of General Psychology, 5
1853:
1827:
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1512:
1493:Blum, Ben (September 6, 2019).
1486:
1477:
1468:
1437:
1412:
1359:
1144:. Neal Miller. April 15, 1954.
788:In 2012, Zimbardo received the
721:The Daily Show with Jon Stewart
608:Social intensity syndrome (SIS)
258:. He became known for his 1971
179:
155:
2406:The Heroic Imagination Project
1549:"Humankind: A Hopeful History"
1193:
1175:
1171:. Wildside Press. p. 297.
1160:
1134:
1109:
1081:
798:University of Rome La Sapienza
783:
13:
1:
3567:American social psychologists
1948:. Learner.org. Archived from
1524:Humankind - a hopeful history
1452:. No. July/August 2011.
1020:
458:Humankind - a hopeful history
401:
385:U.S. Office of Naval Research
378:
283:
74:New York City, New York, U.S.
1732:10.1080/15325024.2013.763632
1255:"Slideshow on official site"
1010:List of social psychologists
602:Review of General Psychology
553:Blind obedience to authority
485:prisoner abuse at Abu Ghraib
331:in 1954, where he graduated
7:
3587:New York University faculty
2401:Zimbardo's official website
2153:www.bystanderrevolution.org
2123:www.bystanderrevolution.org
1813:(2nd ed.). Hay House.
1088:Slavich, George M. (2009).
998:
691:Greater Good Science Center
525:Abu Ghraib Detention Center
360:. He joined the faculty at
10:
3618:
1913:10.1016/j.paid.2014.09.014
1720:Journal of Loss and Trauma
1167:Reginald, Robert (2009) .
595:Heroic Imagination Project
592:
589:Heroic Imagination Project
512:
481:Stanford prison experiment
472:
418:
374:Stanford prison experiment
371:
278:Heroic Imagination Project
260:Stanford prison experiment
112:Stanford prison experiment
3597:Scientists from the Bronx
3407:
3217:
3056:
2895:
2734:
2573:
2508:
1686:The psychology of evil |
1398:"Skepticality Episode 49"
1336:Ratnasar, Romesh (2011).
1142:"Phil Zimbardo Remembers"
727:on February 11, 2008 and
657:television series titled
197:
192:
134:
130:social intensity syndrome
107:
79:
53:
41:
34:
3327:Jessica Henderson Daniel
1809:Shirran, Martin (2012).
1755:"The psychology of time"
1342:Stanford Alumni Magazine
984:, United Kingdom, 2015,
971:August 12, 2013, at the
807:
544:Dehumanization of others
487:. He did not accept the
128:time perspective therapy
3572:Brooklyn College alumni
3291:Suzanne Bennett Johnson
2903:Robert Richardson Sears
2748:Harry Levi Hollingworth
2635:Walter Bowers Pillsbury
2540:George Stuart Fullerton
1999:The banality of heroism
1935:, APA Monitor, May 1997
1495:"The Lifespan of a Lie"
1183:"Mrs. Zimbardo Has Son"
966:siamouominiecaporali.it
757:and the local director
563:
3011:George Armitage Miller
2701:Margaret Floy Washburn
2617:Henry Rutgers Marshall
2149:"Bystander Revolution"
2119:"Bystander Revolution"
2004:June 18, 2012, at the
1071:"Phil Zimbardo, Ph.D."
750:
663:which is used in many
660:Discovering Psychology
632:Menlo Park, California
428:
399:
209:Philip George Zimbardo
58:Philip George Zimbardo
3478:Konrad Paul Liessmann
2458:June 3, 2017, at the
1645:. December 11, 2008.
1579:American Psychologist
1420:"Emperor of the Edge"
1117:"Emperor of the Edge"
1077:on February 21, 2014.
778:pornography addiction
748:
731:on October 25, 2010.
676:Ivan "Chip" Frederick
583:University of Coimbra
473:Further information:
426:
394:
389:Stanford prison study
368:Stanford prison study
288:Zimbardo was born in
3483:Iva MojĆŸiĆĄovĂĄ (2011)
3333:Rosie Phillips Davis
3064:Wilbert J. McKeachie
2844:John Edward Anderson
2784:Louis Leon Thurstone
2778:Walter Richard Miles
2772:Walter Samuel Hunter
2695:Shepherd Ivory Franz
2629:Charles Hubbard Judd
2611:James Rowland Angell
2534:James McKeen Cattell
2522:George Trumbull Ladd
1931:May 2, 1998, at the
1811:Pause Button Therapy
1454:Stanford, California
1283:on November 18, 2011
1201:"Philip G. Zimbardo"
934:Simon & Schuster
774:video game addiction
736:Bystander Revolution
409:solitary confinement
158: 1957;
3577:Crowd psychologists
3285:Melba J. T. Vasquez
3154:Charles Spielberger
3112:Janet Taylor Spence
2921:Orval Hobart Mowrer
2915:Laurance F. Shaffer
2796:Albert Poffenberger
2659:Robert S. Woodworth
2605:Mary Whiton Calkins
2339:1997Natur.385..493C
2239:on January 16, 2013
1952:on January 11, 2012
1458:Stanford University
1446:"The Menace Within"
1338:"The Menace Within"
839:Psychology and You,
723:on March 29, 2007,
665:college telecourses
651:Psychology And Life
387:, he performed the
362:Stanford University
358:Columbia University
256:Stanford University
3497:Andrew Lass (2014)
3279:Carol D. Goodheart
3047:Donald T. Campbell
2838:Calvin Perry Stone
2826:Leonard Carmichael
2725:I. Madison Bentley
2683:John Wallace Baird
2623:George M. Stratton
2593:William Lowe Bryan
2546:James Mark Baldwin
2500:Presidents of the
1591:10.1037/amp0000443
1444:Ratnesar, Romesh.
1187:The New York Times
1044:The New York Times
936:, New York, 2008,
922:, New York, 2007,
751:
725:The Colbert Report
628:The Shyness Clinic
520:The Lucifer Effect
515:The Lucifer Effect
508:The Lucifer Effect
501:The Lucifer Effect
442:Milgram experiment
429:
265:The Lucifer Effect
252:professor emeritus
120:The Lucifer Effect
3534:
3533:
3493:JiĆĂ Fiala (2013)
3487:Miloslav Petrusek
3430:Joseph Weizenbaum
3400:The VIZE 97 Prize
3366:
3365:
3345:Jennifer F. Kelly
3315:Susan H. McDaniel
3297:Donald N. Bersoff
3225:Norine G. Johnson
3208:Patrick H. DeLeon
3178:Robert J. Resnick
3136:Raymond D. Fowler
3130:Bonnie Strickland
3082:Nicholas Cummings
3076:M. Brewster Smith
2975:Charles E. Osgood
2856:Edwin Ray Guthrie
2689:Walter Dill Scott
2383:978-1-57324-689-7
2288:"A simple choice"
2181:. July 24, 2009.
1971:James Bone Rome.
1888:on April 3, 2015.
1841:on April 25, 2012
1450:Stanford Magazine
962:978-88-204-9248-9
680:Abu Ghraib prison
460:(2020) historian
434:Christina Maslach
323:, sociology, and
206:
205:
171:Christina Maslach
124:Abu Ghraib prison
16:(Redirected from
3609:
3494:
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3386:
3379:
3370:
3369:
3351:Frank C. Worrell
3249:Ronald F. Levant
3243:Diane F. Halpern
3237:Robert Sternberg
3160:Jack Wiggins Jr.
3142:Joseph Matarazzo
3088:Florence Denmark
3070:Theodore H. Blau
3023:Kenneth B. Clark
2933:Theodore Newcomb
2909:J. McVicker Hunt
2808:Edward C. Tolman
2766:Herbert Langfeld
2653:Howard C. Warren
2647:Edward Thorndike
2552:Hugo MĂŒnsterberg
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2029:on May 10, 2007.
2025:. Archived from
2019:
2013:
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1265:on May 12, 2000.
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1015:Banality of evil
982:Ebury Publishing
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740:bystander effect
329:Brooklyn College
270:The Time Paradox
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116:The Time paradox
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48:Zimbardo in 2019
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3492:
3448:Philip Zimbardo
3424:ZdenÄk Neubauer
3412:Karl H. Pribram
3403:
3397:
3367:
3362:
3339:Sandra Shullman
3231:Philip Zimbardo
3213:
3196:Martin Seligman
3166:Frank H. Farley
3052:
2999:Gardner Lindzey
2951:Wolfgang Köhler
2927:E. Lowell Kelly
2891:
2832:Herbert Woodrow
2790:Joseph Peterson
2730:
2719:G. Stanley Hall
2569:
2516:G. Stanley Hall
2504:
2498:
2460:Wayback Machine
2439:Philip Zimbardo
2425:Philip Zimbardo
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810:
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786:
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759:Pasquale Marino
634:, which treats
624:
622:Other endeavors
615:factor analysis
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477:
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450:Stanley Milgram
446:Yale University
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339:Yale University
334:summa cum laude
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93:Yale University
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108:Known for
105:
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81:
77:
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73:
68:March 23, 1933
57:
55:
51:
50:
47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3614:
3603:
3600:
3598:
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3583:
3582:Living people
3580:
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3565:
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3560:
3558:
3555:
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3545:
3544:
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3526:
3525:Martin BĂștora
3523:
3520:
3517:
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3508:
3505:
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3491:
3488:
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3331:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3303:Nadine Kaslow
3301:
3298:
3295:
3292:
3289:
3286:
3283:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3273:James H. Bray
3271:
3268:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3250:
3247:
3244:
3241:
3238:
3235:
3232:
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3226:
3223:
3222:
3220:
3216:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3202:Richard Suinn
3200:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3190:Norman Abeles
3188:
3185:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3173:
3172:Ronald E. Fox
3170:
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3158:
3155:
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3149:
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3137:
3134:
3131:
3128:
3125:
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3119:
3116:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3100:William Bevan
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3029:Anne Anastasi
3027:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2987:Jerome Bruner
2985:
2982:
2981:Quinn McNemar
2979:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2969:Paul E. Meehl
2967:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2949:
2946:
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2940:
2937:
2934:
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2913:
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2900:
2898:
2894:
2887:
2884:
2881:
2878:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2866:
2863:
2862:Henry Garrett
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2842:
2839:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2824:
2821:
2818:
2815:
2814:John Dashiell
2812:
2809:
2806:
2803:
2802:Clark L. Hull
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
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2743:
2740:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2707:Knight Dunlap
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2677:Robert Yerkes
2675:
2672:
2671:Raymond Dodge
2669:
2666:
2663:
2660:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2641:Carl Seashore
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2599:William James
2597:
2594:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2576:
2572:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2528:William James
2526:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2495:
2490:
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2483:
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2461:
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2454:
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2446:
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2430:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2385:
2379:
2375:
2374:
2366:
2358:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2333:(6616): 493.
2332:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2315:
2299:
2295:
2294:
2289:
2282:
2267:
2263:
2262:
2254:
2238:
2234:
2228:
2213:. May 9, 2015
2212:
2211:
2206:
2200:
2184:
2180:
2174:
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2154:
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2128:
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2120:
2114:
2098:
2094:
2088:
2072:
2068:
2062:
2046:
2042:
2036:
2028:
2024:
2018:
2011:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1994:
1978:
1974:
1967:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1922:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1895:
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1533:9780316418539
1529:
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1332:
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1313:
1309:
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1295:
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1260:
1259:Prisonexp.org
1256:
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952:0-8058-6134-3
949:
945:
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942:1-4165-4198-5
939:
935:
931:
929:
928:1-4000-6411-2
925:
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917:
915:
914:0-205-41799-X
911:
907:
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904:0-205-47445-4
901:
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894:0-520-23447-2
891:
887:
885:
884:1-883536-21-9
881:
877:
875:
874:0-321-03432-5
871:
867:
865:
864:0-87722-852-3
861:
857:
855:
854:0-201-55018-0
851:
847:
844:
843:David Dempsey
840:
837:
834:
831:
829:
828:0-07-554809-7
825:
821:
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815:
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493:General Myers
490:
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98:
94:
89:
85:
82:
78:
70:(age 91)
56:
52:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
3472:VĂĄclav CĂlek
3447:
3442:Petr VopÄnka
3436:Robert Reich
3357:Thema Bryant
3261:Sharon Brehm
3230:
3218:2001âpresent
3124:Logan Wright
3017:George Albee
2945:Harry Harlow
2939:Lee Cronbach
2760:Karl Lashley
2754:Edwin Boring
2713:Lewis Terman
2581:Josiah Royce
2463:
2372:
2365:
2330:
2324:
2314:
2302:. Retrieved
2293:The Guardian
2291:
2281:
2270:, retrieved
2260:
2253:
2241:. Retrieved
2237:the original
2227:
2215:. Retrieved
2208:
2199:
2187:. Retrieved
2173:
2161:. Retrieved
2152:
2143:
2131:. Retrieved
2122:
2113:
2101:. Retrieved
2087:
2075:. Retrieved
2061:
2049:. Retrieved
2035:
2027:the original
2017:
2010:Greater Good
2009:
1993:
1981:. Retrieved
1966:
1954:. Retrieved
1950:the original
1940:
1921:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1886:the original
1881:
1871:
1866:(2), 99-113.
1863:
1855:
1843:. Retrieved
1839:the original
1829:
1810:
1804:
1785:
1779:
1767:. Retrieved
1758:
1748:
1723:
1719:
1713:
1701:. Retrieved
1692:
1682:
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1669:
1663:
1651:. Retrieved
1642:
1633:
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1556:. Retrieved
1552:
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1523:
1514:
1502:. Retrieved
1498:
1488:
1479:
1470:
1449:
1439:
1427:. Retrieved
1423:
1414:
1375:. Retrieved
1361:
1352:
1345:. Retrieved
1341:
1331:
1322:
1315:. Retrieved
1311:
1301:
1292:
1285:. Retrieved
1281:the original
1271:
1263:the original
1258:
1249:
1237:. Retrieved
1208:. Retrieved
1204:
1195:
1186:
1177:
1168:
1162:
1150:. Retrieved
1136:
1124:. Retrieved
1120:
1111:
1099:. Retrieved
1093:
1083:
1075:the original
1065:
1053:. Retrieved
1042:
920:Random House
838:
787:
770:
752:
733:
718:
703:
688:
683:
669:
658:
650:
648:
640:mind control
636:shy behavior
625:
611:
601:
598:
577:
573:
567:
532:
519:
518:
507:
500:
478:
457:
454:
438:
430:
413:
405:
395:
382:
351:
332:
325:anthropology
318:
310:Puerto Rican
300:, and being
287:
273:
269:
263:
248:psychologist
208:
207:
115:
29:
3547:1933 births
3519:Josef JaĆab
3418:Umberto Eco
2868:Carl Rogers
2416:Appearances
2304:October 24,
2217:October 29,
2103:November 7,
2077:November 7,
2051:November 7,
1983:November 7,
1956:November 7,
1845:December 3,
1759:www.ted.com
1703:November 4,
1600:10023/18565
1504:January 20,
1377:November 7,
1152:November 7,
1055:January 21,
784:Recognition
762: [
755:Steve Luczo
298:South Bronx
3541:Categories
3402:recipients
3106:Max Siegel
2558:John Dewey
1653:January 7,
1558:January 5,
1312:New Yorker
1126:January 5,
1101:January 9,
1021:References
710:psychiatry
646:behavior.
529:Gary Myers
497:bad apples
483:, and the
402:Experiment
379:Background
321:psychology
284:Early life
64:1933-03-23
3507:Jan Sokol
3057:1976â2000
2896:1951â1975
2735:1926â1950
2574:1901â1925
2509:1892â1900
1907:: 17â23.
1769:April 21,
1643:msnbc.com
1625:199436917
1609:1935-990X
570:John Boyd
294:Cammarata
193:Signature
2456:Archived
2357:45115966
2298:Archived
2272:March 2,
2266:archived
2243:July 27,
2189:July 23,
2183:Archived
2157:Archived
2127:Archived
2097:Archived
2071:Archived
2045:Archived
2002:Archived
1977:Archived
1929:Archived
1763:Archived
1740:54843165
1697:Archived
1647:Archived
1617:31380665
1522:(2020).
1462:Archived
1429:June 22,
1406:Archived
1371:Archived
1347:July 12,
1317:July 12,
1287:July 12,
1239:July 12,
1233:Archived
1210:June 22,
1146:Archived
1049:Archived
999:See also
969:Archived
802:Ig Nobel
729:Dr. Phil
706:Stanford
674:of Sgt.
341:, where
126:analysis
18:Zimbardo
2335:Bibcode
1693:YouTube
845:(1978).
712:at the
693:of the
419:Results
302:Italian
184:
176:
164:
152:
148:
135:Spouses
3527:(2019)
3521:(2018)
3515:(2017)
3509:(2016)
3503:(2015)
3489:(2012)
3480:(2010)
3474:(2009)
3468:(2008)
3462:(2007)
3456:(2006)
3450:(2005)
3444:(2004)
3438:(2003)
3432:(2002)
3426:(2001)
3420:(2000)
3414:(1999)
3359:(2023)
3353:(2022)
3347:(2021)
3341:(2020)
3335:(2019)
3329:(2018)
3323:(2017)
3317:(2016)
3311:(2015)
3305:(2014)
3299:(2013)
3293:(2012)
3287:(2011)
3281:(2010)
3275:(2009)
3269:(2008)
3263:(2007)
3257:(2006)
3251:(2005)
3245:(2004)
3239:(2003)
3233:(2002)
3227:(2001)
3210:(2000)
3204:(1999)
3198:(1998)
3192:(1997)
3186:(1996)
3180:(1995)
3174:(1994)
3168:(1993)
3162:(1992)
3156:(1991)
3150:(1990)
3144:(1989)
3138:(1988)
3132:(1987)
3126:(1986)
3120:(1985)
3114:(1984)
3108:(1983)
3102:(1982)
3096:(1981)
3090:(1980)
3084:(1979)
3078:(1978)
3072:(1977)
3066:(1976)
3049:(1975)
3043:(1974)
3037:(1973)
3031:(1972)
3025:(1971)
3019:(1970)
3013:(1969)
3007:(1968)
3001:(1967)
2995:(1966)
2989:(1965)
2983:(1964)
2977:(1963)
2971:(1962)
2965:(1961)
2959:(1960)
2953:(1959)
2947:(1958)
2941:(1957)
2935:(1956)
2929:(1955)
2923:(1954)
2917:(1953)
2911:(1952)
2905:(1951)
2888:(1950)
2882:(1949)
2876:(1948)
2870:(1947)
2864:(1946)
2858:(1945)
2852:(1944)
2846:(1943)
2840:(1942)
2834:(1941)
2828:(1940)
2822:(1939)
2816:(1938)
2810:(1937)
2804:(1936)
2798:(1935)
2792:(1934)
2786:(1933)
2780:(1932)
2774:(1931)
2768:(1930)
2762:(1929)
2756:(1928)
2750:(1927)
2744:(1926)
2727:(1925)
2721:(1924)
2715:(1923)
2709:(1922)
2703:(1921)
2697:(1920)
2691:(1919)
2685:(1918)
2679:(1917)
2673:(1916)
2667:(1915)
2661:(1914)
2655:(1913)
2649:(1912)
2643:(1911)
2637:(1910)
2631:(1909)
2625:(1908)
2619:(1907)
2613:(1906)
2607:(1905)
2601:(1904)
2595:(1903)
2589:(1902)
2583:(1901)
2566:(1900)
2560:(1899)
2554:(1898)
2548:(1897)
2542:(1896)
2536:(1895)
2530:(1894)
2524:(1893)
2518:(1892)
2466:, 2016
2420:C-SPAN
2380:
2355:
2326:Nature
2163:May 5,
2133:May 5,
1817:
1792:
1738:
1623:
1615:
1607:
1530:
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960:
950:
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644:cultic
306:Jewish
272:, and
250:and a
2353:S2CID
1736:S2CID
1621:S2CID
841:with
808:Works
766:]
327:from
314:black
178:(
174:
154:(
150:
2443:IMDb
2378:ISBN
2306:2014
2274:2018
2245:2012
2219:2018
2191:2016
2165:2018
2135:2018
2105:2011
2079:2011
2053:2011
1985:2011
1958:2011
1847:2011
1815:ISBN
1790:ISBN
1771:2016
1705:2015
1655:2016
1613:PMID
1605:ISSN
1560:2021
1528:ISBN
1506:2023
1431:2018
1379:2011
1349:2018
1319:2018
1289:2018
1241:2018
1212:2018
1154:2011
1128:2018
1103:2024
1057:2014
986:ISBN
958:ISBN
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924:ISBN
910:ISBN
900:ISBN
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880:ISBN
870:ISBN
860:ISBN
850:ISBN
824:ISBN
642:and
564:Time
160:div.
54:Born
2441:at
2429:TED
2427:at
2418:on
2343:doi
2331:385
1909:doi
1728:doi
1674:298
1595:hdl
1587:doi
1499:GEN
776:or
655:PBS
630:in
448:by
312:or
254:at
233:ÉËr
101:PhD
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2462:,
2351:.
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