478:. Zheng was one of the most respected and influential calligraphers of the 20th century. His calligraphy brought high prices during his lifetime and he supported himself in later life with the proceeds from its sale. His calligraphy continues to be influential in China and his style has been incorporated into the logos of current Chinese corporations.
461:
As Prime
Minister of Manchukuo, Zheng frequently disagreed with the Japanese Army leadership. In May 1935, he was pressured to resign from his office. Three years later, he died suddenly under unclear circumstances, which led to speculation that he may have been poisoned by the Japanese. He was
38:
454:. Zheng had hoped that Manchukuo would become a springboard for the restoration of Qing rule in the whole of China, but he soon found out that the real rulers of Manchukuo, the Japanese
644:
410:
summoned Zheng to
Beijing in order to reorganize the imperial household. Zheng became a close adviser of Puyi and helped arrange for his flight to the
474:
Although Zheng Xiaoxu is mostly remembered today for his collaboration with the
Japanese, he is still recognized as an accomplished poet and
322:
respectively. During his tenure in Kobe, he worked closely with the
Chinese community and played an instrumental part in establishing the
669:
374:
in 1898, Zheng left his post in
Beijing and took up a number of important government positions in central and southern China. After the
654:
704:
709:
679:
664:
699:
659:
354:
in 1894, Zheng was forced to leave Japan. Having returned to China, Zheng joined the secretariat of the reformist statesman
639:
564:
545:
529:
507:
684:
649:
435:
219:
94:
383:
211:
330:中華會館) there. In Japan, Zheng also interacted with a number of influential politicians and scholars, such as
674:
451:
524:
Berkeley: University of
California, Institute of East Asian Studies, China Research Monographs #60, 2006.
694:
689:
447:
263:
422:. Zheng remained loyal to the throne and secretly met with Japanese officials and groups such as the
580:
481:
Zheng kept an extensive diary, which is still valued by historians as important source material.
371:
351:
307:
439:
411:
522:
The Subtle
Revolution: Poets of the 'Old Schools' during late Qing and early Republican China.
291:
174:
634:
629:
423:
247:
8:
475:
339:
259:
16:
Chinese
Politician, Prime Minister of Japanese Puppet State Manchukuo from 1932 to 1935
560:
541:
525:
503:
375:
431:
335:
196:
191:
331:
538:
The
Manchurian Myth: Nationalism, Resistance, and Collaboration in Modern China
415:
391:
237:
623:
611:
499:
463:
455:
355:
294:, and three years later he joined the secretariat of the prominent statesman
107:
386:. Instead, he withdrew from public life entirely and retired comfortably in
419:
379:
367:
295:
187:
143:
395:
601:
443:
427:
164:
160:
49:
513:
Boorman, Howard L., Richard C. Howard, and Joseph K. H. Cheng, eds.
401:
387:
299:
255:
366:, where Zheng obtained a position in the Qing foreign office, the
491:
363:
359:
311:
287:
139:
496:
From
Emperor to Citizen: The Autobiography of Aisin-Gioro Pu Yi.
442:
in 1931, Zheng played an important role in the establishment of
37:
394:
and art, while also writing extensive articles critical of the
323:
283:
279:
275:
227:
135:
254:) (2 May 1860 – 28 March 1938) was a Chinese statesman,
315:
303:
407:
319:
70:
450:
the following year. Zheng also composed the lyrics of the
290:. In 1882, he obtained the intermediate degree in the
298:. In 1891, he was appointed secretary to the Chinese
269:
402:Qing loyalist and collaboration with the Japanese
621:
426:to discuss a restoration of the Qing dynasty in
398:leadership, whom he characterized as “thieves”.
274:Although Zheng traced his ancestral roots to
515:Biographical Dictionary of Republican China.
390:, where he devoted his time to calligraphy,
517:New York: Columbia University Press, 1967.
306:, and in the following years he performed
36:
645:Chinese collaborators with Imperial Japan
502:. Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 2002.
554:
490:Aisin-Gioro Puyi (with assistance from
242:
622:
535:
378:in 1911, Zheng remained loyal to the
345:
559:. University of Pennsylvania Press.
382:and refused to serve under China's
62:9 March 1932 – 21 May 1935
13:
670:20th-century Chinese calligraphers
540:. University of California Press.
484:
14:
721:
655:Government ministers of Manchukuo
574:
557:Manchuria Under Japanese Dominion
406:In 1923, the former Qing emperor
270:Early life and diplomatic career
705:Imperial tutors in Qing dynasty
458:, did not share his ambitions.
376:collapse of the imperial system
710:20th-century Chinese diplomats
680:19th-century Chinese diplomats
665:World War II political leaders
350:Following the outbreak of the
232:
223:
215:
1:
700:Bank of Communications people
414:after his expulsion from the
412:foreign concession at Tianjin
310:at the Chinese consulates in
660:Prime ministers of Manchukuo
452:National Anthem of Manchukuo
7:
581:Calligraphy by Zheng Xiaoxu
555:Yamamuro, Shinichi (2005).
264:Prime Minister of Manchukuo
50:Prime Minister of Manchukuo
10:
726:
640:Qing dynasty calligraphers
520:Kowallis, Jon Eugene von.
185:
608:
598:
593:
588:
469:
370:. Following the abortive
282:, Fujian, he was born in
262:. He served as the first
180:
170:
150:
122:
117:
113:
101:
87:
77:
66:
55:
48:
44:
35:
28:
21:
685:Chinese anti-communists
650:Politicians from Suzhou
352:First Sino-Japanese war
440:Imperial Japanese Army
536:Mitter, Rana (2000).
446:, becoming its first
436:invasion of Manchuria
384:Republican government
292:imperial examinations
175:Concordia Association
424:Black Dragon Society
372:Hundred Days' Reform
362:and followed him to
278:, a small town near
95:Position established
675:Artists from Suzhou
589:Government offices
220:traditional Chinese
695:Poets from Jiangsu
690:Qing dynasty poets
600:Prime Minister of
346:Government service
212:simplified Chinese
618:
617:
609:Succeeded by
184:
183:
83:Puyi (until 1935)
717:
586:
585:
570:
551:
430:. Following the
328:Zhōnghuá huìguǎn
244:
234:
225:
217:
157:
132:
130:
118:Personal details
104:
90:
80:
60:
40:
31:
19:
18:
725:
724:
720:
719:
718:
716:
715:
714:
620:
619:
614:
605:
577:
567:
548:
487:
485:Further reading
472:
466:in April 1938.
432:Mukden Incident
404:
348:
336:Mutsu Munemitsu
308:consular duties
272:
243:Cheng Hsiao-hsu
208:Cheng Hsiao-hsu
201:
171:Political party
159:
155:
134:
128:
126:
102:
88:
79:Chief Executive
78:
61:
56:
29:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
723:
713:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
616:
615:
610:
607:
597:
591:
590:
584:
583:
576:
575:External links
573:
572:
571:
565:
552:
546:
533:
518:
511:
498:Translated by
486:
483:
471:
468:
448:prime minister
416:Forbidden City
403:
400:
347:
344:
340:Naitō Torajirō
271:
268:
182:
181:
178:
177:
172:
168:
167:
158:(aged 77)
152:
148:
147:
124:
120:
119:
115:
114:
111:
110:
105:
99:
98:
91:
85:
84:
81:
75:
74:
68:
64:
63:
53:
52:
46:
45:
42:
41:
33:
32:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
722:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
627:
625:
613:
612:Zhang Jinghui
604:
603:
596:
592:
587:
582:
579:
578:
568:
566:0-8122-3912-1
562:
558:
553:
549:
547:0-520-22111-7
543:
539:
534:
531:
530:1-55729-083-0
527:
523:
519:
516:
512:
509:
508:7-119-00772-6
505:
501:
500:W.J.F. Jenner
497:
493:
489:
488:
482:
479:
477:
467:
465:
464:state funeral
459:
457:
456:Kwantung Army
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
356:Zhang Zhidong
353:
343:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
324:Chinese guild
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
267:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
239:
235:
229:
221:
213:
209:
205:
199:
198:
193:
189:
179:
176:
173:
169:
166:
162:
154:28 March 1938
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
125:
121:
116:
112:
109:
108:Zhang Jinghui
106:
100:
97:
96:
92:
86:
82:
76:
72:
69:
65:
59:
54:
51:
47:
43:
39:
34:
27:
20:
599:
594:
556:
537:
521:
514:
495:
480:
476:calligrapher
473:
460:
420:Feng Yuxiang
405:
380:Qing dynasty
368:Zongli Yamen
349:
332:Itō Hirobumi
327:
296:Li Hongzhang
273:
260:calligrapher
251:
241:
233:Zhèng Xiàoxū
231:
207:
204:Zheng Xiaoxu
203:
202:
195:
188:Chinese name
156:(1938-03-28)
144:Qing dynasty
103:Succeeded by
93:
73:(since 1935)
57:
23:Zheng Xiaoxu
635:1938 deaths
630:1860 births
462:accorded a
418:by General
192:family name
89:Preceded by
624:Categories
606:1932-1935
396:Kuomintang
238:Wade–Giles
133:2 May 1860
129:1860-05-02
602:Manchukuo
595:New title
444:Manchukuo
428:Manchuria
252:Tei Kōsho
165:Manchukuo
58:In office
434:and the
388:Shanghai
300:legation
256:diplomat
186:In this
492:Lao She
438:by the
364:Beijing
360:Nanjing
312:Tsukiji
288:Jiangsu
248:Hepburn
161:Xinjing
140:Jiangsu
67:Monarch
563:
544:
528:
506:
470:Legacy
392:poetry
284:Suzhou
280:Fuzhou
276:Minhou
240::
230::
228:pinyin
222::
214::
190:, the
136:Suzhou
316:Osaka
304:Tokyo
197:Zheng
146:China
561:ISBN
542:ISBN
526:ISBN
504:ISBN
408:Puyi
338:and
320:Kobe
318:and
258:and
151:Died
123:Born
71:Puyi
494:).
358:in
302:in
224:鄭孝胥
216:郑孝胥
194:is
30:鄭孝胥
626::
342:.
334:,
314:,
286:,
266:.
250::
246:;
236:;
226:;
218:;
210:;
163:,
142:,
138:,
569:.
550:.
532:.
510:.
326:(
206:(
200:.
131:)
127:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.