Zachlumia - Knowledge

3958:, p. 60–61:Data on the family origin of Mihailo Višević indicate that his family did not belong to a Serbian or Croatian tribe, but to another Slavic tribe who lived along the Vistula River and who joined the Serbs during the migration during the reign of Emperor Heraclius. The introduction of Mihajlo Višević and his family by Porphyrogenitus suggests that the rulers of Zahumlje until his time belonged to this ruling family, so that, both in Serbia and Croatia, and in Zahumlje, there would be a very early established principle of inheriting power by members of one family. Constantine Porphyrogenitus explicitly calls the inhabitants of Zahumlje Serbs who have settled there since the time of Emperor Heraclius, but we cannot be certain that the Travunians, Zachlumians and Narentines in the migration period to the Balkans were Serbs or Croats or Slavic tribes which in alliance with Serbs or Croats arrived in the Balkans. The emperor-writer says that all these principalities are inhabited by Serbs, but this is a view from his time when the process of ethnogenesis had already reached such a stage that the Serbian name became widespread and generally accepted throughout the land due to Serbia's political domination. Therefore, it could be concluded that in the middle of the 10th century the process of ethnogenesis in Zahumlje, Travunija, and Paganija was probably completed, because the emperor's informant collected data from his surroundings and transferred to Constantinople the tribal sense of belonging of the inhabitants of these archons ... The Byzantine writings on the De Ceremoniis, which were also written under the patronage of Constantine Porphyrogenitus, listed the imperial orders to the surrounding peoples. The writings cite orders from the archons of Croats, Serbs, Zahumljani, Kanalites, Travunians, Duklja and Moravia. The above-mentioned orders may have originated at the earliest during the reign of Emperor Theophilus (829 - 842) and represent the earliest evidence of the political fragmentation of the South Slavic principalities, that is, they confirm their very early formation. It is not known when Zahumlje was formed as a separate principality. All the news that Constantine Porphyrogenitus provides about this area agrees that it has always been so - that is, since the seventh-century settlement in the time of Emperor Heraclius. It is most probable that the prefects in the coastal principalities recognized the supreme authority of the Serbian ruler from the very beginning, but that they aspired to become independent, which took place according to the list of orders preserved in the book De Ceremoniis, no later than the first half of the 9th century. A falsified and highly controversial papal charter from 743 also mentions Zahumlje and Travunija as separate areas. If the basic information about these countries were correct, it would mean that they formed as very early principalities that were practically independent of the archon of Serbia. 1908: 43: 4147:, p. 139: Even if we reject Gruber's theory, supported by Manojlović (ibid., XLIX), that Zachlumje actually became a part of Croatia, it should be emphasized that the Zachlumians had a closer bond of interest with the Croats than with the Serbs, since they seem to have migrated to their new home not, as C. says (33/8-9), with the Serbs, but with the Croats; see below, on 33/18-19 ... If this is so, we must regard the dynasty of Zachlumje and at any rate part of its people as neither Croat nor Serb, It seems more probable that Michael’s ancestor, together with his tribe, joined the Croats when they moved south; and settled on the Adriatic coast and the Narenta, leaving the Croats to push on into Dalmatia proper. 2687: 1352: 2264: 752: 4083:

u prilog ustrajanju na vlastitom identitetu kojim su se njihove elite razlikovale od onih susjednih ... Međutim, nakon nekog vremena (možda poslije unutarnjih sukoba u Hrvatskoj) promijenio je svoj položaj i prihvatio vrhovništvo srpskog vladara jer Konstantin tvrdi da su Zahumljani (kao i Neretvani i Travunjani) bili Srbi od vremena onog arhonta koji je Srbe, za vrijeme Heraklija, doveo u njihovu novu domovinu. Ta tvrdnja, naravno, nema veze sa stvarnošću 7. st., ali govori o političkim odnosima u Konstantinovo vrijeme.

4034:

starohrvatskih populacija s juga na sjever pripada vremenu od 10. stoljeća nadalje i povezano je s izmijenjenim političkim prilikama, jačanjem i širenjem rane hrvatske države. Na temelju svega ovoga mnogo je vjerojatnije da etnonim "Hrvati" i doseoba skrivaju činjenicu o prijenosu političke vlasti, što znači da je car političko vrhovništvo poistovjetio s etničkom nazočnošću. Točno takav pristup je primijenio pretvarajući Zahumljane, Travunjane i Neretljane u Srbe (DAI, c. 33, 8-9, 34, 4-7, 36, 5-7).

1162:) of the Croats", in which he refers to the first council in some detail. If the letter is authentic, it shows that the council was attended not only by the bishops of Croatian and Byzantine Dalmatia, but also by Tomislav, whose territory also included the Byzantine cities of Dalmatia, and by a number of Michael's representatives. Zahumlje may have been under Croatian influence, but remained a separate political entity. Both Zahumlje and Croatia were under the religious jurisdiction of the 954: 2331: 1427: 3946:, p. 210: According to Constantine Porphyrogenitus, the Slavs of the Dalmatian zhupanias of Pagania, Zahumlje, Travounia, and Konavli all "descended from the unbaptized Serbs."51 This has been rightly interpreted as an indication that in the mid-tenth century the coastal zhupanias were under the control of the Serbian zhupan Časlav, who ruled over the regions in the interior and extended his power westwards across the mountains to the coast. 2620: 1715: 3373: 433: 180: 194: 1193:) was heavily jeopardized by the raiding Arabs and Langobards, Mihailo won a magnificent military victory by taking the city upon the recommendations from Constantinople and orders from his ally, King Tomislav Trpimirovic, but didn't keep it permanently. Mihailo Višević entered into closer relations with the Byzantine Empire, after the death of Bulgaria's Tsar Simeon. He gained the grand titles of the Byzantine court as 1500: 500:"From Ragusa begins the domain of the Zachlumi (Ζαχλοῦμοι) and stretches along as far as the river Orontius: and on the side of the coast it is neighbour to the Pagani, but on the side of the mountain country it is neighbour to the Croats on the north and to Serbia at the front ... Those who live there now, Zachlumi, are Serbs, from the time of that prince who claimed the protection of the Emperor 1089: 962: 4179:...the enigmatic Litziki were associated with the archaic names of Poles(Lendizi, Liakhy),7 or with the Slavic tribe of Lingones mentioned by chronicler Adam of Bremen.8 Be that as it may, it is certain that, although his subjects were perceived as Serbs, the family of Prince Michael of Zahumlje did not descend from Serbs or Croats, and was not related to their dynasties. 1541:. In the meantime, Petar fought successfully with neighbouring Bosnia and Croatia. Stefan Nemanjić sided with Andrija and went to war and secured Hum and Popovo field for Andrija sometime after his accession. Petar was defeated and crossed the Neretva, continuing to rule the west and north of the Neretva, which had around 1205 been briefly occupied by 3931:, pp. 139, 142: He probably saw that in his time all these tribes were in the Serb sphere of influence, and therefore called them Serbs, thus ante-dating by three centuries the state of affairs in his day... It is obvious that the small retinue of the Serbian prince could not have populated Serbia, Zachlumia, Terbounia and Narenta. 927:"The boundaries of that kingdom were as follows. To the east: Delmina. ... To the west: Carinthia, towards the sea up to the town of Stridon, which now marks the boundary between Dalmatia and Istria. To the north, moreover: from the banks of the Danube down to the Dalmatian sea, including all of Maronia and the Duchy of Hum. 1796:, a palace in Dubrovnik worth 2,000 ducats, and an annual income of 300 ducats was offered to anyone who would kill him, along with the promise of hereditary Ragusan nobility which also helped hold this promise to whoever did the deed. Stjepan was so scared by the threat that he finally raised the siege. 4120:

Plemena u Zahumlju, Paganiji, Travuniji i Konavlima Porfirogenit naziva Srbima,28 razdvajajuči pritom njihovo političko od etničkog bića.29 Ovakvo tumačenje verovatno nije najsrećnije jer za Mihaila Viševića, kneza Zahumljana, kaže da je poreklom sa Visle od roda Licika,30 a ta je reka isuviše daleko

4082:

Sporovi hrvatske i srpske historiografije oko etničkoga karaktera sklavinija između Cetine i Drača bespredmetni su, jer transponiraju suvremene kategorije etniciteta u rani srednji vijek u kojem se identitet shvaćao drukčije. Osim toga, opstojnost većine sklavinija, a pogotovo Duklje (Zete) govori i

4217:

Kao potporna analogija može poslužiti i podrijetlo Mihaela Viševića, vladara Zahumljana s područja Visle.21 Teško da je netko drugi (osim njega samoga i njegova roda) iznosio takvu obavijest. Ista hrvatska tradicija, ponešto izmijenjena, zadržala se u Dalmaciji sve do 13. stoljeća kada ju spominje

1143:. In 912 Michael kidnapped the Venetian Doge's son Peter Badoari that was returning to Venice from Constantinople and sent him to Czar Simeon as a sign of loyalty. Symeon attacked inner Serbia and captured Peter, who later died in prison, and Michael was able to restore the majority of control. 4033:

Izneseni nalazi navode na zaključak da se Hrvati nisu uopće naselili u južnoj Panoniji tijekom izvorne seobe sa sjevera na jug, iako je moguće da su pojedine manje skupine zaostale na tom području utopivši se naposljetku u premoćnoj množini ostalih doseljenih slavenskih populacija. Širenje

842:(Slavic tribes) led by their respective aristocracies entered the western Balkans from the north, which was approved by the emperor. They inhabited areas that had been devastated by the Avars, where Byzantium (East Roman Empire) had generally been reduced to only nominal rule. According to 922:"Istaque fuerunt regni eorum confinia: ab oriente Delmina, ubi fuit civitas Delmis, ... ab occidente Carinthia, versus mare usque ad oppidum Stridonis, quod nunc est confinium Dalmatie et Ystrie; ab aquilone vero a ripa Danubii usque ad mare Dalmaticum cum tota Maronia et Chulmie ducatu." 4006:

Pri tome je car dosljedno izostavljao Dukljane iz ove srpske zajednice naroda. Čini se, međutim, očitim da car ne želi govoriti ο stvarnoj etničkoj povezanosti, već da su mu pred očima politički odnosi u trenutku kada je pisao djelo, odnosno iz vremena kada su za nj prikupljani podaci u

1046:

in 870–871. The Roman cities in Dalmatia had long been pillaged by the Slavic tribes in the mountaines around them. Basil I allowed the towns to pay tribute to the Slavic tribes to reduce the Slavs raiding. Presumably a large portion of this tribute went to the prince of

1042:. At this moment the local Slavic tribes (in Zahumlje, Travunija, and Konavle), who had aided the intervention, also accepted Byzantine suzerainty. Afterwards, the Slavs of Dalmatia and Zahumlje took part in the Byzantine military actions against the Arabs in 4121:

od oblasti Belih Srba i gde bi pre trebalo očekivati Bele Hrvate. To je prva indicija koja ukazuje da je srpsko pleme možda bilo na čelu većeg saveza slovenskih plemena koja su sa njim i pod vrhovnim vodstvom srpskog arhonta došla na Balkansko poluostrvo.

1654:. In the war that followed Milutin took one of Mladen's brother captive, and to get him back Mladen Šubić had to agree to restore a part of Hum to Milutin. After this agreement in 1313 the Neretva again became the border between eastern and western Hum. 886:

the Zachlumians "had a closer bond of interest with the Croats than with the Serbs, since they seem to have migrated to their new home not with the Serbs, but with the Croats". Michael's tribal origin is related to the oral tradition from

1588:

tried to stamp out regional differences by dropping references to Zahumlje (Hum), Trebinje and Duklja (Zeta), and called himself "King of all Serbian land and the Coast". Miroslav's descendants dropped to the level of other local nobles.

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of Serbia and Zahumlje. According to historian Paul Stephenson, it "suggests that he had been courted by the emperor, and awarded nominal rights neighbouring lands, including Duklja, which was at the time at war with the empire.

996:(princes) and eventually came to consider themselves Croatians, while many of those to the south of Dubrovnik were coming to consider themselves Serbs. Despite Frankish overlordship, the Franks had almost no role in Dalmatia ( 1174:) which jurisdiction remained under Split until 1022. It is uncertain whether the inscription and depiction of a Slavic ruler in the Church of St. Michael in Ston is a reference to Michael of Zahumlje, the 12th century 816:, including the territory of what would become Zahumlje, sacking towns and enslaving or displacing the local population. Some of the Slavs and Avars might have permanently settled in the occupied areas. They attacked 1583:

was from 1254 a vassal of Hungary, but probably afterwards his land were absorbed into Serbia. However, he was at war with Serbia in 1268, while still under Hungarian suzerainty. But seeking to centralize his realm,

1030:, who responded by sending over one hundred ships. Finally, the 866–867 Saracens' siege of Dubrovnik, which lasted fifteen months, was raised due to the intervention of Basil I, who sent a fleet under the command of 2686: 1669:. Though nominal vassals of Serbia, the Branivojević family attacked Serbian interests and other local nobles of Hum, who in 1326 turned against Serbia and Branivojević family. The Hum nobles approached to 882:, and it's unclear whether the Zachlumians "in the migration period to the Balkans really were Serbs or Croats or Slavic tribes which in alliance with Serbs or Croats arrived in the Balkans". According to 1217:

After the death of Michael (after c. 930s or 940s), the fate of Zahumlje is uncertain due to lack of historical sources about it. Some historians believe that Zahumlje came under the rule of prince

1792:

In 1451 he attacked Dubrovnik, and laid siege to the city. He had earlier been made a Ragusan nobleman and, consequently, the Ragusan government now proclaimed him a traitor. A reward of 15,000

992:

to the southeast of the Frankish empire. Dalmatia which was southeast of the Frankish empire, was chiefly in the hands of South Slavic tribes. North of Dubrovnik these came to be under Croatian

909:. Much of Dalmatia was sometime earlier settled by the Croats, and Zahumlje bordered their territory on the north. According to Thomas the Archdeacon, when describing the reign of Croatian king 854:, but a closer reading of the source suggests that the Constantine VII's consideration about the population's ethnic identity is based on Serbian political rule and influence during the time of 1677:

as vassals of Bosnian Ban, become the leading family of Hum in the 1330s. Because of the war in 1327-1328 between Serbia and Dubrovnik, Bosnian lordship of inner Hum and the war in Macedonia,

1736: 6133:(2013b). "The Urban Landcape [sic] of Early Medieval Slavic Principalities in the Territories of the Former Praefectura Illyricum and in the Province of Dalmatia (ca. 610-950)". 1845:

were firmly established, eastern parts of Hum was mostly Orthodox, from 13th century and the rise of Nemanjići. In the 14th- and 15th centuries, there was an influx of settlers from the

1288:

expanded control in the whole region, but the Byzantines used local elite to rule over local polities although under Byzantine vassalage and supervision of Byzantine officials. In the

1248:

and journeying to Dubrovnik. Although they failed to take Dubrovnik, they devastated the surrounding villages. The Bulgarian army then attacked Croatia in support of the rebel princes

1907: 661:

who were descendent from a pre-Slavic population. Related to Romanians and originally speaking a language related to Romanian, the Vlachs of what was Hum are today Slavic speaking.

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in 1299. Although supporting the king, Paul continued to act independently, and ruled over a large portion of modern-day Croatia and Bosnia. In the course of the war between

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has long descriptions of the two councils" and "the labels of identity represent views from no earlier than the late 13th century, and possibly the 14th, 15th and 16th"

2292: 1415:. The subjects of Miroslav and Kulin included both Catholic and Orthodox. Prince Miroslav himself was Orthodox. In meantime, both Bosnia and Hum had been fought between 1236:

In the late 990s, Bulgarian Tsar Samuel made client states out of most of the Balkans, including Duklja and Zahumlje. In 998, Samuel launched a major campaign against

219: 5549: 1562: 3628: 3622: 3616: 3606: 3602: 6295: 5437:

When Ethnicity Did Not Matter in the Balkans: A Study of Identity in Pre-Nationalist Croatia, Dalmatia, and Slavonia in the Medieval and Early-Modern Periods

5008:

When Ethnicity Did Not Matter in the Balkans: A Study of Identity in Pre-Nationalist Croatia, Dalmatia, and Slavonia in the Medieval and Early-Modern Periods

1059:) did not stretch into the hinterlands, and had none military capacity, thus Basil I paid a tax of '72 gold coins' to the princes of Zahumlje and Travunia. 6224: 3668: 1335:(r. 1081–1101), neither Bosnia, Serbia nor Zahumlje was ever integrated into Doclea, each retained its own nobility and institutions and simply acquired a 1554: 6899: 5933: 1444:

Following the death of Emperor Manuel in 1180 Miroslav started ecclesiastical superior of Hum. He refused to allow Rainer, Latin Archbishop of Spalato (

1423:. The Catholics supported the former and the Orthodox the latter. A support of the growing heresy seemed the best solution for both Kulin and Miroslav. 3733:(1435–1466) was Bosnian noble. In 1448. changed his title from "Vojvode of Bosnia" into "Herceg of Hum and the Coast", and from 1449 into "Herceg of 2085: 862:, today's western Serbia was area where Serbs settled in 7th century and from there they expanded their rule on territory of Zachlumia. According to 780: 1573:. Following an earthquake in the Hum capital of Ston, the Serbian Orthodox bishop of Hum moved to the church of St Peter and St Paul built on the 1070:

for an armed escort for his delegates across southern Dalmatia and Zahumlje. Later in 880, the Pope ask the same from Zdeslav's successor, prince

913:

in the late 10th century, notes that Duchy of Hum (Zachlumia or Chulmie) was a part of the Kingdom of Croatia, before and after Stjepan Držislav:

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The World of the Slavs: Studies of the East, West and South Slavs: Civitas, Oppidas, Villas and Archeological Evidence (7th to 11th Centuries AD)

2285: 2179: 2174: 2161: 2126: 1945: 1456:, who sent Teobald to report on the matter. The Pope's nuncio Teobald found Miroslav as a patron of heretics. After this, the Pope wrote to king 5365:

The Bosnian Church: A New Interpretation: A Study of the Bosnian Church and Its Place in State and Society from the 13th to the 15th Centuries

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ruled Zahumlje before getting into a conflict with his brothers, resulting in him being exiled to Duklja, where he would have the title of

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who was overlord of Hum (which Miroslav did not recognize), telling him to see that Miroslav performed his duty, but Miroslav remained as

1327:

According to historical sources, the Serbian lands were under Byzantine control or vassalage until 1040s, but not under a direct control.

600: 6928: 6887: 6734: 6600: 6514: 6482: 6356: 6290: 5888: 3560: 3401: 1546: 4050: 42: 7457: 7231: 7164: 7081: 6964: 6940: 6870: 6538: 6526: 2278: 2075: 1888: 674: 5081: 3972: 1366:. There was a split between the two, and Vukan sent forces to Duklja, making Kočapar flee to Bosnia and then Zahumlje, where he died. 7059: 7018: 6916: 6785: 6773: 6746: 6673: 2133: 1980: 1814: 1135:, who was extending his power westwards. To eliminate that threat and as a close ally of Bulgaria, Michael warned the Bulgarian Tsar 737: 536: 5006: 2456: 7452: 7035: 6825: 3174: 7110: 2950: 1917: 1403:

secured the land of Hum. After 1168 when Nemanja was raised to the Serbian throne with Manuel's favor, Hum passed to his brother

1132: 1117: 612: 528: 320: 185: 4021:"Od Hrvata pak koji su stigli u Dalmaciju odvojio se jedan dio i zavladao Ilirikom i Panonijom: Razmatranja uz DAI c. 30, 75-78" 1742:

The territory on the right bank of the Lower Neretva was at the time controlled by Kosača vassals, a local clan and magnates of

2428: 1650:. Mladen succeeded his father in 1312. After Paul's death, Milutin and Dragutin concluded a peace, and went to war against the 1388:

ruled Serbia together 1149–1153; Desa had the title of 'Prince of Duklja, Travunija and Zahumlje', mentioned in 1150 and 1151.

948: 4967:, p. 48: "Tako se pojam Humska zemlja postepeno gubi da ustupi mjesto novom imenu zemlje hercega Stjepana — Hercegovini." 7313: 5943: 5898: 5854: 5628: 5539: 5016: 4064: 2599: 2227: 353: 2345: 2241: 1678: 1225:

which was written in the mid-10th century clearly states that Zachlumia is a separate polity from Serbia. The 13th century

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Dvornik, F.; Jenkins, R. J. H.; Lewis, B.; Moravcsik, Gy.; Obolensky, D.; Runciman, S. (1962). P. J. H. Jenkins (ed.).

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succeed as princes of Hum in 1249, Radoslav held the supreme rule. During the war against Ragusa, he aided his kinsman

1483:

become the prince of Dalmatia, Croatia and Hum, while Miroslav died a year after and his wife was living in exile. The

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Do početka 20-ih godina 13. stoljeća prostori Humske zemlje bili su pod jurisdikcijom zapadne, odnosno rimske Crkve.

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to prevent a Byzantine-Serbian alliance, resulting in a surrender. The Bulgarian troops proceeded to pass through

1055:("thema Dalmatias") was established, but with no real Byzantine authority. These small cities in the region (also 6361: 3394: 2370: 1987: 766: 504:. In the territory of the Zachlumi are the inhabited cities of Stagnon, Mokriskik, Iosli, Galoumainik, Dobriskik" 6179: 1732: 980:(800) that incorporated much of western and central Europe. He brought the Frankish state face to face with the 6240: 5445: 5421: 5397: 4218:

Toma Arhiđakon: "Iz krajeva Poljske došlo je s Totilom sedam ili osam uglednih plemena, koji se zovu Lingoni."2

3658: 3131: 2068: 1955: 1643: 458: 3425: 2408: 1230: 3634: 2571: 2466: 2268: 1113: 1093: 756: 316: 3730: 1750: 5148:

Ulla Tillander-Godenhielm (2005): The Russian Imperial Award System During the Reign of Nicolas II, p. 446.

4397:, pp. 54–55: "John the Deacon makes no mention of either council", "manuscript from the 16th century 3331: 3042: 2696: 2610: 2594: 2555: 2413: 1634:, Paul Šubić expanded not only into western Hum, but also beyond the Neretva river, and took the region of 1340: 820:

in 626 but were defeated by the Byzantines, after which the Avars ceased to play a significant role in the

328: 5673:

Ross, James Bruce (1945). "Two Neglected Paladins of Charlemagne: Erich of Friuli and Gerold of Bavaria".

4718: 3644: 2721: 2634: 2501: 2310: 1871:. The people from Hum were mostly girls from Gacko, who took up working as servants to wealthy families. 1611: 1607: 1511:

Until beginning of the 13th century, areas of Zahumlje were under jurisdiction of the Roman Church. When

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relics were consider miracle-working by people of all Christian faiths. Stjepan's title will prompt the

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The Bulgarian-Byzantine Wars for Early Medieval Balkan Hegemony: Silver-Lined Skulls and Blinded Armies

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Emperor Symeon's Bulgaria in the History of Europe's South-East: 1100 years from the Battle of Achelous

3777: 3724: 3387: 3070: 3032: 2974: 2818: 2666: 2548: 2519: 2471: 1631: 828: 654: 454: 1249: 1124:, he was nevertheless able to maintain independent rule throughout at least a good part of his reign. 5581:[The Šubići of Bribir until the Loss of the Hereditary Position of the Croatian Ban (1322)]. 5560:

A later edition is that by G. Monticolo (1890), Rome: Forzani. The relevant passage is also found in

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ruled over Zahumlje, or Humska zemlja as it was called at this point. In 1448 he assumed the title

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The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest

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History of the Bishops of Salona and Split: Historia salonitanorum atque spalatinorum pontificum

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ruled over its eastern part, while the Neretva river remain a border between their possessions.

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from Bosnia in 1322–1326. By the mid-14th century, Bosnia apparently reached a peak under Ban

1693: 1658: 1534: 1457: 1448:) whom he considered to be an agent of Hungarian king, to consecrate a bishop for the town of 7421: 5914:

The Entry of the Slavs into Christendom: An Introduction to the Medieval History of the Slavs

5263: 3466: 3310: 3184: 2703: 2192: 2095: 1830: 1623: 1226: 1205:). He remained as ruler of Zahumlje into the 940s, while maintaining good relations with the 1039: 934: 894: 713: 7115: 4070: 3216: 1570: 1491:, very likely produced for the Church of St Peter in Lima, commissioned by prince Miroslav. 641:. The Sklavenoi plundered Thrace in 545, and again the next year. In 551, the Slavs crossed 5097: 3991: 3769: 3612: 3598: 3448: 1822: 1580: 1542: 1516: 1480: 1308: 1136: 5986:

Srednjovjekovna Bosna: Politički položaj bosanskih vladara do Tvrtkove krunidbe (1377. g.)

5266:(2006). Karbić, Damir; Matijević Sokol, Mirjana; Perić, Olga; Sweeney, James Ross (eds.). 3740: 1789:), which remains a long-lasting legacy in the name of Bosnia and Herzegovina to this day. 1558: 519:") rulers, Hum had two major cities: Bona and Hum. The main settlements in Zachlumia were 8: 7206: 6559: 6130: 6111: 6091: 6067: 6055: 6027: 4107: 3794: 3712: 3419: 2913: 2539: 2491: 2486: 2438: 2360: 1864: 1651: 1488: 1434: 1175: 1166:. In this letter, John describes Michael as "the most excellent leader of the Zachlumi" ( 1155: 1105: 1083: 1071: 889: 871: 863: 805: 596: 572: 404: 90: 6004: 5389:

The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century

1647: 1385: 1339:

to head the local structure as Prince or Duke. Zahumlje subsequently became part of the

1218: 1128: 910: 855: 7253: 6904: 5953: 5866: 5698: 5690: 5481: 5348: 5239: 5213: 5187: 3799: 3688: 3472: 3243: 3083: 2878: 2481: 2476: 2461: 2433: 2319: 2103: 1765:. This "Saint Sava" part of the title had considerable public relations value, because 1697: 1453: 1416: 1396: 1328: 1289: 1253: 1067: 1008: 973: 721: 372: 5767:. Belgrade: Nova, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Institute for Balkan Studies. 5663: 5563: 5296:(2nd revised ed.). Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies. 3154: 1538: 1465: 7071: 7000: 6852: 6642: 6189: 6164: 6140: 6096:"Constantine Porphyrogenitus' Source on the Earliest History of the Croats and Serbs" 6077: 6041: 5990: 5939: 5918: 5894: 5873: 5850: 5831: 5810: 5789: 5768: 5744: 5720: 5702: 5645: 5624: 5617: 5601: 5509: 5488: 5465: 5441: 5417: 5393: 5369: 5329: 5297: 5273: 5249: 5227: 5201: 5173: 5012: 4899: 4111: 4060: 3981: 3804: 3283: 3263: 3196: 3113: 2985: 2903: 2828: 2675: 2039: 2014: 1763:

Herzog of Saint Sava, Lord of Hum, Grand Duke of Bosnia, Knyaz of Drina, and the rest

1724: 1598: 1452:. In addition, Miroslav confiscated the Archbishop's money. Rainer complained to the 1392: 1363: 1332: 1024: 813: 332: 2970: 1351: 1336: 1273: 515:(14th or 16th century) described the geography under the rule of the South Slavic (" 307:

principality. It maintained relations with various foreign and neighbouring powers (

7323: 6499: 6346: 5908: 5682: 4726: 3442: 3022: 2908: 2898: 2403: 2250: 2007: 1951: 1484: 1420: 1297: 1140: 1052: 799: 308: 199: 4207:[The Dark Sea in De administrando imperio: The Baltic or the Black Sea?]. 1476:. Rastko however took monastic vows and Miroslav continued ruling Hum after 1192. 1104:

The history of Zahumlje as a greater political entity starts with the emerging of

556: 7328: 7098: 7086: 6592: 6134: 6071: 6031: 6008: 5984: 5957: 5912: 5825: 5804: 5783: 5762: 5738: 5734: 5714: 5710: 5639: 5595: 5503: 5459: 5435: 5411: 5387: 5363: 5323: 5312: 5291: 5287: 5267: 5243: 5217: 5191: 5167: 5147: 4898:(in Serbo-Croatian) (49). Zadar: Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts: 221–237. 4731: 3881: 3503: 3484: 3093: 2853: 2418: 2398: 1661:

had emerged as strongest in Hum. Probably at their highest point they ruled from

1438: 1430: 1412: 1404: 1318: 1031: 985: 977: 883: 6678: 5827:

Byzantium's Balkan Frontier: A Political Study of the Northern Balkans, 900–1204

5659: 1759:

Herzog of Hum and the Coast, Grand Duke of Bosnia, Knyaz of Drina, and the rest,

1399:, divided up his lands between princes of the old Serbian family of Zavida, and 303:, respectively). In some periods it was a fully independent or semi-independent 7064: 6710: 6652: 6423: 5740:

The Emperor Romanus Lecapenus and His Reign: A Study of Tenth-Century Byzantium

3831:(Москва: Прогресс), 2-е изд. — Перевод с немецкого и дополнения О.Н. Трубачёва. 3752:

The historical name of the region is officially represented in the name of the

3648: 3542: 3498: 3478: 3140: 3065: 2883: 2624: 2496: 2167: 2139: 2107: 2023: 1938: 1934: 1842: 1770: 1646:, as Lord of Hum. At least part of Paul's conquests were granted to his vassal 1445: 1400: 1381: 1237: 1186: 1150:, whose composition may have begun in the late 13th century, cites a letter of 1035: 847: 817: 588: 564: 392: 380: 336: 6933: 6921: 5524: 7446: 7393: 6981: 6519: 6487: 6460: 6193: 5231: 4903: 3509: 3377: 2375: 2099: 2091: 2027: 1602: 1550: 953: 704: 7388: 5980: 5619:

Islam in the Balkans: religion and society between Europe and the Arab world

5096:. Zagreb: Croatian Society of Civil Engineers: 757–766. 2006. Archived from 3676: 7317: 7261: 7169: 7008: 6985: 6957: 6892: 6830: 6790: 6751: 6739: 6729: 6722: 6617: 6605: 6531: 6428: 6307: 6260: 6154: 5343: 5205: 4719:"Religious situation in the Hum land (Ston and Rat) during the Middle Ages" 4177:. Sofia: Univerzitetsvo izdatelstvo "Sveti Kliment Ohridski". p. 237. 4150: 3700: 2940: 2893: 2380: 2052: 2035: 1473: 1464:. In 1190–1192, Stefan Nemanja briefly assigned the rule of Hum to his son 1331:(fl. 1018–1043) soon took Zahumlje from the Byzantines. During the rule of 1257: 1112:

ruler who flourished in the early part of the 10th century. A neighbour of

875: 859: 851: 638: 628: 592: 532: 56: 6945: 3675:

of Zahumlje 1322–1326. Son of Bogdan I (or Radoslav). He married Katarina

2330: 1426: 7286: 7221: 7190: 7139: 7023: 6778: 6695: 6582: 6543: 6351: 6116:"On the Baptism of the Serbs and Croats in the Time of Basil I (867–886)" 5568:. Zagreb: Zagrabiae, Sumptibus Academiae Scientiarum et Artium. pp. 4046: 3968: 3150: 2848: 2217: 2031: 1810: 1786: 1709: 1615: 1574: 1312: 1151: 1127:

Michael have come into territorial conflict with the neighbouring prince

1109: 1092:

Map of Michael's territorial extent over Chelmia (Zahumlje), between the

1038:

sailed along the coast collecting promises of loyalty to the empire from

1004: 989: 969: 879: 624: 516: 304: 288: 7383: 3494: 1686: 1433:, one of the oldest surviving documents written in Serbian recension of 608: 7348: 7296: 7281: 6882: 6875: 6690: 6685: 6622: 6567: 6504: 6451: 6334: 6248: 5694: 3773: 3734: 3490: 2966: 2773: 2154: 1766: 1537:. Andrija is exiled to Rascia, to the court of his cousin Grand Prince 1512: 1195: 1056: 981: 976:

from 768 until his death in 814, expanded the Frankish kingdom into an

376: 4114:[On the northern borders of Serbia in the early middle ages]. 4020: 1359: 1229:

claimed that the Croatian kingdom included Zachlumia before and after

7363: 7358: 7343: 7276: 7211: 7146: 7040: 6969: 6837: 6810: 6802: 6627: 6612: 6577: 6509: 6494: 6433: 6392: 6341: 6270: 6265: 5967:Тошић, Ђуро (2005). "Требињци и Захумљани у средњовјековном Котору". 2793: 2768: 1999: 1714: 1635: 1469: 1408: 1373: 1304:), which confirmed the jurisdiction of the archdiocese of Dubrovnik. 1201: 1020: 831: 657:, pillaging cities and settling down. Hum had also a large number of 576: 552: 501: 6062:. Vol. 2. Београд-Никшић: Историјски институт, Манастир Острог. 6040:] (in Serbian). Београд: Завод за уџбенике и наставна средства. 6022:. Vol. 1. Београд-Никшић: Историјски институт, Манастир Острог. 5868:

Religious Separation and Political Intolerance in Bosnia-Herzegovina

5686: 4170: 1533:

is entitled the rule of Hum, but the Hum nobility chose his brother

432: 179: 7378: 7271: 7266: 7216: 7076: 6758: 6572: 6477: 6415: 6387: 6302: 6285: 6275: 6239: 6095: 4240: 4238: 3517: 2958: 2823: 2783: 2350: 1995: 1967: 1852: 1487:

are the oldest surviving documents written in Serbian recension of

1241: 867: 696: 646: 633: 568: 560: 540: 292: 284: 105: 66: 3438:, Prince of Travunia and Zachlumia (as a part of Duklja) 1000–1018 3422:, independent Slavic ruler of Zahumlje, Prince of Zahumlje 910–940 1689:

to Dubrovnik, and turned to the east to acquire all of Macedonia.

524: 323:) and later was subjected (temporarily or for a longer period) to 7428: 7332: 7291: 7226: 7176: 7156: 7105: 7030: 6976: 6911: 6847: 6815: 6763: 6637: 6632: 6472: 6329: 6317: 4998: 4205:"Tamno more u spisu De administrando imperio: Baltičko ili Crno?" 3834: 3763: 2798: 2778: 1619: 1285: 1182: 1027: 906: 821: 604: 548: 544: 407:, and Ζαχλούμων χώρα ("land of Zachlumians") in Greek. The names 300: 237: 193: 5935:

The poetics of Slavdom: the mythopoeic foundations of Yugoslavia

4235: 3672: 1847: 580: 7368: 7338: 7249: 7013: 6820: 6768: 6700: 6665: 6661: 6280: 5589:. Zagreb, Croatia: Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts: 1–26. 4378: 4376: 4204: 3521: 3351: 2954: 2873: 2843: 2838: 1662: 1499: 1367: 1261: 1034:

in relief of the city. After this successful intervention, the

902: 839: 658: 650: 212: 143: 5716:

The Medieval Manichee: A Study of the Christian Dualist Heresy

5084:[Early Christian and pre-romanesque churches in Ston] 4558: 4556: 1292:'s bull from 27 September 1022 is mentioned Zahumlje kingdom ( 642: 7417:(ethnicity is undefined): = supposedly Eastern Slavic tribes 7373: 6862: 6842: 6073:

Forging unity: The South Slavs between East and West 550-1150

5565:

Documenta historiae chroaticae periodum antiquam illustrantia

3538: 2788: 1868: 1860: 1793: 1666: 1265: 1245: 1088: 1016: 1012: 961: 835: 809: 5579:"Šubići Bribirski do gubitka nasljedne banske časti (1322.)" 5310: 4892:"Vjerske prilike na području knezova Jurjevića – Vlatkovića" 4373: 4171:"Prince Michael of Zahumlje – a Serbian ally of Tsar Simeon" 4156: 4144: 3928: 1362:, the Prince of Duklja (r. 1102–1103), ruled in the name of 846:, Zahumlje was one of the regions settled by the Serbs from 6409: 5169:

The Serbs of Bosnia & Herzegovina: History and Politics

4553: 3663:"Ban the Croats and Bosnia and general lord of Hum country" 3579: 3564: 3534: 3513: 1826: 1682: 1639: 1449: 1206: 1063: 1043: 584: 520: 5131: 5129: 4815: 4813: 4673: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4665: 4663: 4661: 4659: 4631: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4621: 4619: 4255: 4253: 7433:= generally considered synonym for early medieval Slovaks 5665:

Odlomci iz državnoga práva hrvatskoga za narodne dynastie

5325:

Early Medieval Hum and Bosnia, ca. 450-1200: Beyond Myths

3949: 1139:

about the alliance between Peter and Symeon's enemy, the

627:(r. 527–565), when eventually up to 100,000 Slavs raided 7427:= some of the Silesian tribes are Germanic, for example 5059: 4970: 4931: 4747: 4745: 4688: 4686: 4440: 4088: 3980:. Zagreb: Hrvatska sveučilišna naklada. pp. 58–61. 3878:

History of the Later Roman Empire from Arcadius to Irene

3858: 1553:, succeeded as prince, ruling 1227–1237. Andrija's sons 1000:

and Zahumlje) in the period from the 820s through 840s.

357:, borrowed from a Germanic language (cf. Proto-Germanic 6139:. Belgrade: The Institute for History. pp. 15–36. 5126: 5047: 4810: 4798: 4769: 4656: 4616: 4543: 4541: 4528: 4526: 4513: 4511: 4486: 4484: 4482: 4250: 3939: 3937: 3512:

Prince of Zahumlje 1192–1196 (He married a daughter of

1673:, the ban of Bosnia, who then annexed most of Hum. The 4948: 4946: 4861: 4859: 4846: 4844: 4842: 4840: 4788: 4786: 4784: 4757: 4723:

Hercegovina: Časopis za kulturno i povijesno naslijeđe

4698: 4646: 4644: 4469: 4467: 4452: 4416: 4361: 4351: 4349: 4336: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4324: 4299: 4297: 4295: 4293: 4291: 4289: 4287: 4285: 4283: 4270: 4268: 4184: 4126: 1355:

Zahumlje in 1190 as a lower part of Kingdom of Hungary

7463:

States and territories established in the 9th century

6076:. Belgrade: The Institute of History, Čigoja štampa. 5440:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. 5416:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. 5392:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. 5293:

Constantine Porphyrogenitus: De Administrando Imperio

5037: 5035: 4921: 4919: 4871: 4742: 4683: 4568: 4404: 4223: 3910: 563:. The eastern border of Zahumlje went along the line 4825: 4538: 4523: 4508: 4479: 4428: 4309: 3934: 1855:, around forts Klobuk, Ledenica and Rudina, and the 265: 5872:. College Station: Texas A&M University Press. 5114: 4943: 4856: 4837: 4781: 4641: 4592: 4580: 4496: 4464: 4346: 4321: 4280: 4265: 3846: 3768:has been granted at times to junior members of the 1841:In contrast to Bosnia, where Roman Catholicism and 645:initially headed for Thessalonica, but ended up in 607:. Zahumlje had access to the Adriatic Sea with the 5865: 5616: 5480: 5347: 5032: 4916: 4112:"О северним границама Србије у раном средњем веку" 1212: 858:and does not indicate ethnic origin. According to 287:principality located in the modern-day regions of 5785:East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000-1500 4604: 3898: 3886: 3776:until 1918. The last grand duke of Zahumlije was 575:and met with the Travunian border at the city of 7444: 6241:Early Slavic ethnic groups (7th–12th centuries) 6188:] (in Serbo-Croatian). Sarajevo: Svjetlost. 5350:Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250 5011:. University of Michigan Press. pp. 94–98. 4991: 4989: 4987: 4985: 2497:Triune Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia 5757: 5314:De Administrando Imperio: Volume II. Commentary 5272:. Budapest: Central European University Press. 5262: 4244: 4059:], Leykam international, pp. 51, 177, 3548:In 1216 Stephen the First-Crowned divided Hum: 1777:by using using the possessive form of the noun 5554:. Hanover. pp. 1–36: 22–3. Archived from 5525:"The Slavs in the 6th Century North Illyricum" 5226:] (in Serbian). Srpska književna zadruga. 4896:Radovi Zavod Za Povijesne Znanosti Hazu U Zaru 4203:Lončar, Milenko; Jurić, Teuta Serreqi (2018). 1825:. Hum's coastal region, including its capital 419:appear in later Latin and Italian chronicles. 6225: 6013:. Београд-Загреб: Српска краљевска академија. 5969:Истраживања: Филозофски факултет у Новом Саду 5483:The Balkans: From Constantinople to Communism 5082:"Ranokršćanske i predromaničke crkve u Stonu" 5076: 5074: 4982: 3578:, son of Miroslav, Prince of the Seaside and 3395: 2642: 2286: 897:about seven or eight tribes of nobles called 804:In the second decade of the 7th century, the 774: 6100:Radovi Zavoda Za Hrvatsku Povijest U Zagrebu 4958: 1321:epi tou Chrysotriklinou, hypatos, strategos" 6038:Portraits of Serbian Rulers: IX-XII Century 5952: 5844: 5788:. Seattle: University of Washington Press. 5551:Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptores 7 5547: 4202: 3475:, King of Duklja c. 1113–1118 and 1125–1131 1023:in 867. The city of Dubrovnik appealed to 461:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 6232: 6218: 6186:The becoming of the medieval Bosnian state 5823: 5802: 5597:The Grand Strategy of the Byzantine Empire 5317:. University of London: The Athlone Press. 5193:Herceg Stefan Vukčić-Kosača i njegovo doba 5071: 5005:Fine, John V. A. (Jr ) (5 February 2010). 4562: 4173:. In Angel Nikolov; Nikolay Kanev (eds.). 3402: 3388: 2649: 2635: 2293: 2279: 1569:, at the same time swearing allegiance to 781: 767: 41: 6129: 6123:Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana 6110: 5917:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 5863: 5830:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 5809:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 5286: 5186: 5162: 5053: 4976: 4937: 4730: 4382: 3840: 3557:, Prince of Serbia and Zahumlje 1216–1228 1809:Most of Hum's territory was inhabited by 1479:Latin vengeance came in March 1198, when 1411:, who in meantime acquired the throne of 481:Learn how and when to remove this message 6181:Postanak srednjovjekovne bosanske države 6090: 6066: 6054: 6026: 5847:Balkan worlds: the first and last Europe 5733: 5709: 5637: 5522: 5501: 5478: 5464:. Rockford, Illinois: Chronicles Press. 5354:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 5238: 5212: 5198:Herceg Stefan Vukčić-Kosača and his time 5135: 4775: 4763: 4704: 4677: 4635: 4458: 4422: 4367: 4190: 4132: 4106: 4018: 3955: 3916: 3864: 3852: 1713: 1498: 1425: 1350: 1170:), and is mentioned the Ston bishopric ( 1087: 960: 952: 649:. In 577 some 100,000 Slavs poured into 6153: 5593: 5454: 4094: 1233:(969–997), but that's also disputable. 631:. The Western Balkans was settled with 7445: 6017: 5931: 5907: 5886: 5781: 5623:. University of South Carolina Press. 5614: 5576: 5219:Историја средњовековне босанске државе 5200:] (in Serbian). Naučno delo SANU. 4877: 4831: 4716: 4574: 4410: 4315: 4168: 3829:Этимологический Словарь Русского Языка 3457:, Prince, and King of Duklja 1054–1081 1836: 1804: 1731:In the beginning of the 15th century, 1577:near the Serbian border in the 1250s. 498:described the polity of Zachlumia as: 6213: 6003: 5979: 5966: 5806:The Legend of Basil the Bulgar-Slayer 5658: 5561: 5342: 5321: 5224:History of the medieval Bosnian state 5065: 4889: 4547: 4532: 4517: 4490: 4446: 4434: 4045: 3967: 3943: 3727:, Grand Duke of Hum from 1418 to 1435 1296:), and would be again in the bull of 1221:, but there's no evidence for it and 274: 7468:9th-century establishments in Europe 6177: 6160:Povijest Bosne : kratki pregled 6033:Портрети српских владара: IX-XII век 5672: 5430: 5406: 5382: 5368:. Boulder: East European Quarterly. 5358: 5120: 5041: 5004: 4964: 4952: 4925: 4865: 4850: 4819: 4804: 4792: 4751: 4692: 4650: 4610: 4598: 4586: 4502: 4473: 4394: 4355: 4340: 4303: 4274: 4259: 4229: 4057:Croatian history from 550 until 1100 3904: 3892: 3609:1249–1252 (brothers, sons of Andrew) 3332:Federal unit of Socialist Yugoslavia 2346:History of Croatia before the Croats 2242:Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina 965:Slavic principalities in ca. 850 AD. 957:Slavic principalities in ca. 814 AD. 618: 459:adding citations to reliable sources 426: 6163:. Erasmus Gilda : Novi Liber. 5989:. Zagreb: Grafički zavod Hrvatske. 5529:Гласник Српског археолошког друштва 3754:Eparchy of Zahumlje and Herzegovina 375:(za + Hum "behind the Hum"), above 13: 5893:. University of California Press. 4052:Hrvatska povijest od 550. do 1100. 3827:Entry "холм" in М. Фасмер (1986), 3691:, the first Bosnian King 1353–1391 2919:Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum 2213:Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina 1692:The region was overwhelmed by the 1391:About 1150, the Byzantine Emperor 1315:ruler of Zahumlje, styled himself 866:the area of the Vistula where the 850:who previously arrived there from 14: 7479: 7458:1050s disestablishments in Europe 6202: 4116:Zbornik Matice srpske za istoriju 3790:History of Bosnia and Herzegovina 3685:, a Bosnian Ban from 1326 to 1353 3342:Constituent state with Montenegro 2269:Bosnia and Herzegovina portal 1874: 1642:. Paul appointed his eldest son, 1437:, was created by order by prince 1256:and advanced northwest as far as 757:Bosnia and Herzegovina portal 512:Chronicle of the Priest of Duklja 5890:Medieval and Renaissance Studies 5248:. Malden: Blackwell Publishing. 3497:1190–1192 ruling in the name of 3371: 2685: 2618: 2329: 2262: 1906: 1735:ruled over the western Hum, and 827:Around 630, during the reign of 750: 551:to the west; to the mountain of 431: 217: 192: 178: 7453:Medieval history of the Balkans 5155: 5141: 4890:Korać, Dijana (December 2007). 4883: 4710: 4388: 4196: 4162: 4138: 4100: 4039: 4012: 3961: 2081:(Bosansko Krajište (1451-1463)) 1988:Bosnia in the Early Middle Ages 1799: 1703: 1592: 1494: 1346: 1279: 1213:Post-Michael of Zahumlje period 1077: 738:Uprising in eastern Herzegovina 539:. The principality sprang from 5959:History of the Byzantine State 5764:Serbs in European Civilization 5761:; Duškov, Milan, eds. (1993). 5743:. Cambridge University Press. 5719:. Cambridge University Press. 3922: 3870: 3821: 3582:of Southern Zahumlje 1216–1239 3165:Banate of Lugoj and Caransebeș 1878: 1744:Radivojević–Jurjević–Vlatković 1307:In a charter dated July 1039, 1168:excellentissimus dux Chulmorum 949:Byzantine–Arab Wars (780–1180) 942: 874:originate was the place where 814:Byzantine province of Dalmatia 812:subjects occupied most of the 793: 1: 3810: 3469:, King of Duklja c. 1103–1113 2572:Socialist Republic of Croatia 2467:Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg) 1700:who came into power in 1353. 717:(1470–1833) & (1851–1912) 623:Slavs invaded Balkans during 347:Zachlumia is a derivative of 5845:Stoianovich, Traian (1994). 5600:. Harvard University Press. 5502:Hupchick, Dennis P. (2017). 5479:Hupchick, Dennis P. (2002). 5461:Montenegro: The Divided Land 4732:10.47960/2712-1844.2016.2.65 3815: 3760:. Also, the honorific title 3537:of Zahumlje 1196–1216 and a 3487:Prince of Zahumlje 1162–1190 3481:, Duke of Zahumlje 1149–1162 2556:Independent State of Croatia 1829:, had a mixed population of 1341:Grand Principality of Serbia 422: 383:. The principality is named 342: 16:Medieval Balkan principality 7: 5641:Military History of Croatia 5594:Luttwak, Edward N. (2009). 4995:Viator (1978), pp. 388–389. 4169:Uzelac, Aleksandar (2018). 3783: 3713:Stephen Tvrtko II of Bosnia 3567:of Upper Zahumlje 1228–1239 3426:Stephen Držislav of Croatia 2502:Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia 2036:Hum (Herzegovina from 1454) 1612:Ban of Croatia and Dalmatia 1284:By 1020, Byzantine Emperor 637:(Sklavenoi), the east with 579:. Zachlumia was split on 9 10: 7484: 5962:. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. 5432:Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr. 5408:Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr. 5384:Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr. 5360:Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr. 3778:Prince Peter of Montenegro 3463:, King of Duklja 1081–1101 2472:Croatian Military Frontier 1707: 1675:Draživojevići of Nevesinje 1596: 1468:, while Miroslav held the 1276:and returned to Bulgaria. 1181:After the Italian city of 1081: 946: 878:would be expected and not 797: 664: 7410: 7309: 7305: 7247: 7198: 7189: 7155: 6999: 6861: 6801: 6660: 6651: 6591: 6558: 6468: 6459: 6450: 6383: 6376: 6325: 6316: 6256: 6247: 5864:Velikonja, Mitja (2003). 5824:Stephenson, Paul (2004). 5803:Stephenson, Paul (2003). 4399:Historia Salonitana maior 4118:(in Serbian). 63/64: 11. 4019:Gračanin, Hrvoje (2008), 3747: 3659:Mladen II Šubić of Bribir 3555:Stefan Radoslav of Serbia 3451:, Prince of Hum 1039–1054 2186:SR Bosnia and Herzegovina 1407:. He married a sister of 1268:, then northeast through 1148:Historia Salonitana maior 1066:asked for help from duke 1019:, and then laid siege to 984:to the northeast and the 848:an area near Thessaloniki 266: 233: 157: 153: 140: 130: 126: 118: 114: 99: 84: 80: 72: 62: 52: 40: 35: 23:Principality of Zachlumia 21: 6018:Кунчер, Драгана (2009). 5782:Sedlar, Jean W. (1994). 5583:Historical Contributions 5523:Janković, Đorđe (2004). 5328:. Taylor & Francis. 4717:Krešić, Milenko (2016). 3843:, p. 145, 161, 163. 3719:Stephen Ostoja of Bosnia 3707:Stephen Ostoja of Bosnia 3695:Stephen Dabiša of Bosnia 3635:Mladen I Šubić of Bribir 2562:Federal State of Croatia 1614:controlled Croatia from 1586:Stephen Uroš I of Serbia 1567:Stephen Uroš I of Serbia 1505:Medieval Serbian Kingdom 1178:or St. Michael himself. 495:De Administrando Imperio 335:, and at the end to the 47:Zachlumia in 9th century 5932:Zlatar, Zdenko (2007). 5322:Dzino, Danijel (2023). 3758:Serbian Orthodox Church 3637:, a Croatian noble and 3551:Mainland of Zachlumia: 3506:Prince of Zahumlje 1192 3017:11th–12th century 1956:Central Bosnian culture 1733:Hrvoje Vukčić Hrvatinić 1628:Stephen Uroš II Milutin 1503:Part of Zahumlje under 1311:who was an independent 547:) to the northwest and 399:: Захумље, Хум). It is 6010:Летопис Попа Дукљанина 5638:Omrčanin, Ivo (1984). 5577:Karbić, Damir (2004). 5508:. New York: Springer. 5487:. New York: Palgrave. 3974:Prva stoljeća Hrvatske 3772:dynasty that ruled in 3645:Paul I Šubić of Bribir 3455:Mihailo Vojislavljević 3254:Principality of Serbia 3235:Serbia 1804–1918 2980:7th–10th century 2951:Principality of Serbia 2235:Bosnia and Herzegovina 1900:Bosnia and Herzegovina 1817:, and belonged to the 1749:Bosnian regional lord 1728: 1608:Paul I Šubić of Bribir 1525:Orthodox bishop of Hum 1519:in 1219, he appointed 1508: 1441: 1356: 1190: 1164:Archbishopric of Split 1120:as well as an ally of 1118:Principality of Serbia 1101: 966: 958: 940: 684:History of Herzegovina 599:, Žapska, Gorička and 379:, at the mouth of the 321:Principality of Serbia 313:First Bulgarian Empire 297:Bosnia and Herzegovina 261: 242:Bosnia and Herzegovina 186:Principality of Serbia 6060:Gesta Regum Sclavorum 6020:Gesta Regum Sclavorum 5615:Norris, H.T. (1993). 5092:(in Serbo-Croatian). 3731:Stjepan Vukčić Kosača 3725:Sandalj Hranić Kosača 3683:Stjepan Kotromanic II 3653:Lord of all of Bosnia 3467:Vladimir II of Duklja 3311:Kingdom of Yugoslavia 3207:Habsburg-ruled Serbia 3185:Great Serb Migrations 3094:Prince Lazar's Serbia 3053:King Dragutin's realm 2534:Kingdom of Yugoslavia 2434:Republic of Dubrovnik 2371:Origins of the Croats 2193:Breakup of Yugoslavia 2162:Kingdom of Yugoslavia 2096:Sanjak of Herzegovina 1751:Stjepan Vukčić Kosača 1737:Sandalj Hranić Kosača 1717: 1708:Further information: 1679:Stephen Uroš IV Dušan 1671:Stjepan Kotromanić II 1665:River to the town of 1624:Lord of all of Bosnia 1597:Further information: 1531:Andrija Mirosavljević 1502: 1429: 1395:displeased with king 1354: 1227:Thomas the Archdeacon 1091: 964: 956: 935:Thomas the Archdeacon 915: 895:Thomas the Archdeacon 714:Sanjak of Herzegovina 6178:Vego, Marko (1982). 5548:G. H. Pertz (1846). 4245:Thomas of Split 2006 3780:, who died in 1932. 3613:Radoslav of Zahumlje 3599:Radoslav of Zahumlje 3527:To Hungary 1198–1199 3516:Berthold von Meran, 3461:Bodin Vojislavljević 3141:Ottoman-ruled Serbia 2990:around 969–976 2584:Contemporary Croatia 2112:Herzegovina Uprising 2053:Duchy of Herzegovina 2022:("zemlje"/counties: 1648:Constantine Nelipčić 1581:Radoslav of Zahumlje 1551:Toljen Mirosavljević 1543:Andrew II of Hungary 1517:archbishop of Serbia 1481:Andrew II of Hungary 1309:Ljutovid of Zahumlje 1244:, taking control of 1051:. In late 870s, the 1040:the Dalmatian cities 1028:Basil the Macedonian 730:Herzegovina Uprising 611:peninsula and faced 559:, where it bordered 455:improve this section 351:, from Proto-Slavic 142:• Conquered by 7207:Seven Slavic tribes 5954:Ostrogorsky, George 5172:. Paris: Dialogue. 5164:Bataković, Dušan T. 4157:Dvornik et al. 1962 4145:Dvornik et al. 1962 3929:Dvornik et al. 1962 3795:History of Dalmatia 3766:(Duke) of Zahumlije 3589:Union of Zachlumia: 3572:Coastal Zachlumia: 3533:, son of Miroslav, 3420:Michael of Zahumlje 3175:Habsburg occupation 3114:Despotate of Serbia 2914:Diocese of Pannonia 2595:War of independence 2540:Banovina of Croatia 2492:Kingdom of Dalmatia 2487:Kingdom of Slavonia 2439:Republic of Poljica 2361:Ostrogothic Kingdom 1929:Neolithic cultures: 1837:14th–15th centuries 1805:12th–13th centuries 1757:and styled himself 1694:House of Kotromanić 1659:Branivojević family 1489:Old Church Slavonic 1458:Béla III of Hungary 1435:Old Church Slavonic 1384:(r. 1148–1162) and 1176:Mihailo I of Duklja 1172:ecclesia Stagnensis 1106:Michael of Zahumlje 1084:Michael of Zahumlje 1068:Zdeslav Trpimirović 890:Historia Salonitana 872:Michael of Zahumlje 405:Old Church Slavonic 403:in Latin, Хлъмъ in 371:is named after the 132:• Established 7212:Southern Severians 5759:Samardžić, Radovan 5562:Rački, F. (1877). 5068:, p. 221-227. 4822:, p. 209-210. 4807:, p. 207-208. 4449:, p. 168–169. 4385:, p. 152-162. 4262:, p. 212–235. 4025:Povijest U Nastavi 3800:History of Croatia 3473:George I of Duklja 3352:Republic of Serbia 3244:Serbian Revolution 3084:Lordship of Prilep 3033:Grand Principality 2879:Dacia Mediterranea 2625:Croatia portal 2600:Croatia since 1995 2526:State of Slovenes, 2482:Kingdom of Illyria 2477:Illyrian Provinces 2462:Republic of Venice 2429:Union with Hungary 2424:Kingdom of Croatia 2104:Herzegovina Eyalet 2046:Bosansko Krajište 1729: 1571:Béla IV of Hungary 1509: 1454:Pope Alexander III 1442: 1417:Kingdom of Hungary 1397:Radoslav of Duklja 1357: 1329:Vojislav of Duklja 1290:Pope Benedict VIII 1102: 1094:Kingdom of Croatia 974:King of the Franks 967: 959: 722:Herzegovina Eyalet 325:Kingdom of Hungary 317:Kingdom of Croatia 276:[zǎxuːmʎe] 109:(last independent) 7440: 7439: 7406: 7405: 7402: 7401: 7333:Pannonian Dulebes 7185: 7184: 6995: 6994: 6554: 6553: 6446: 6445: 6442: 6441: 6372: 6371: 6261:Carpathian Croats 5945:978-0-8204-8135-7 5909:Vlasto, Alexis P. 5900:978-0-520-03608-6 5856:978-1-56324-033-1 5630:978-0-87249-977-5 5544:Chronicon Venetum 5018:978-0-472-02560-2 4209:Povijesni prilozi 4066:978-953-340-061-7 3805:History of Serbia 3743:from 1466 to 1481 3741:Vlatko Hercegović 3721:(again) 1409–1418 3655:from 1304 to 1312 3641:from 1299 to 1304 3563:, son of Toljen, 3416: 3415: 3412: 3411: 3378:Serbia portal 3363: 3362: 3359: 3302:Serbia since 1918 3292: 3291: 3284:Kingdom of Serbia 3264:Serbian Vojvodina 3225: 3224: 3197:Military Frontier 3122: 3121: 3043:Kingdom of Serbia 2994: 2993: 2986:Catepanate of Ras 2932:Early Middle Ages 2904:Diocese of Moesia 2829:Pannonia Inferior 2659: 2658: 2414:Southern Dalmatia 2303: 2302: 1930: 1773:to start calling 1725:Kingdom of Bosnia 1599:Kingdom of Bosnia 1515:became the first 1393:Manuel I Komnenos 1364:Vukan I of Serbia 1333:Constantine Bodin 1108:, an independent 1053:theme of Dalmatia 1049:Dalmatian Croatia 1025:Byzantine Emperor 998:Dalmatian Croatia 901:who arrived from 829:Byzantine Emperor 791: 790: 619:Slavic settlement 491: 490: 483: 333:Kingdom of Bosnia 329:Kingdom of Serbia 247: 246: 229: 228: 225: 224: 205: 204: 110: 101:• 1039–1054 95: 7475: 7324:Asia Minor Slavs 7307: 7306: 7240: 7199:Bulgarian tribes 7196: 7195: 7173: 7143: 7131: 7119: 7102: 7090: 7068: 7056: 7044: 7031:Bohemian Dulebes 7027: 6973: 6961: 6949: 6937: 6925: 6908: 6896: 6879: 6834: 6794: 6782: 6755: 6743: 6726: 6714: 6682: 6658: 6657: 6609: 6547: 6535: 6523: 6491: 6466: 6465: 6457: 6456: 6406: 6381: 6380: 6365: 6323: 6322: 6299: 6254: 6253: 6234: 6227: 6220: 6211: 6210: 6197: 6174: 6150: 6126: 6120: 6107: 6087: 6063: 6051: 6023: 6014: 6000: 5976: 5963: 5949: 5928: 5904: 5883: 5871: 5860: 5841: 5820: 5799: 5778: 5754: 5735:Runciman, Steven 5730: 5711:Runciman, Steven 5706: 5669: 5655: 5634: 5622: 5611: 5590: 5573: 5559: 5536: 5519: 5498: 5486: 5475: 5451: 5427: 5403: 5379: 5355: 5353: 5339: 5318: 5307: 5288:Moravcsik, Gyula 5283: 5259: 5235: 5209: 5183: 5150: 5145: 5139: 5133: 5124: 5118: 5112: 5111: 5109: 5108: 5102: 5087: 5078: 5069: 5063: 5057: 5051: 5045: 5039: 5030: 5029: 5027: 5025: 5002: 4996: 4993: 4980: 4974: 4968: 4962: 4956: 4950: 4941: 4935: 4929: 4923: 4914: 4913: 4911: 4910: 4887: 4881: 4875: 4869: 4863: 4854: 4848: 4835: 4829: 4823: 4817: 4808: 4802: 4796: 4790: 4779: 4773: 4767: 4761: 4755: 4754:, p. 52-54. 4749: 4740: 4739: 4734: 4714: 4708: 4702: 4696: 4695:, p. 20-21. 4690: 4681: 4675: 4654: 4648: 4639: 4633: 4614: 4608: 4602: 4596: 4590: 4584: 4578: 4572: 4566: 4565:, p. 42-43. 4560: 4551: 4545: 4536: 4530: 4521: 4515: 4506: 4500: 4494: 4488: 4477: 4471: 4462: 4456: 4450: 4444: 4438: 4432: 4426: 4420: 4414: 4408: 4402: 4392: 4386: 4380: 4371: 4365: 4359: 4353: 4344: 4338: 4319: 4313: 4307: 4301: 4278: 4272: 4263: 4257: 4248: 4247:, p. 60–61. 4242: 4233: 4232:, p. 32-33. 4227: 4221: 4220: 4200: 4194: 4188: 4182: 4181: 4166: 4160: 4154: 4148: 4142: 4136: 4130: 4124: 4123: 4104: 4098: 4097:, p. 10-11. 4092: 4086: 4085: 4079: 4078: 4069:, archived from 4043: 4037: 4036: 4016: 4010: 4009: 4003: 4002: 3996: 3990:. Archived from 3979: 3965: 3959: 3953: 3947: 3941: 3932: 3926: 3920: 3914: 3908: 3902: 3896: 3890: 3884: 3874: 3868: 3867:, p. 39-61. 3862: 3856: 3850: 3844: 3838: 3832: 3825: 3443:Byzantine empire 3404: 3397: 3390: 3376: 3375: 3374: 3357: 3307: 3306: 3274:Serbia and Banat 3240: 3239: 3137: 3136: 3023:Theme of Sirmium 3009: 3008: 3004:High Middle Ages 2937: 2936: 2909:Diocese of Dacia 2899:Pannonia Secunda 2689: 2679: 2661: 2660: 2651: 2644: 2637: 2623: 2622: 2621: 2564: 2558: 2542: 2528:Croats and Serbs 2404:Duchy of Croatia 2366:Byzantine Empire 2333: 2323: 2305: 2304: 2295: 2288: 2281: 2267: 2266: 2265: 2254: 2251:Republika Srpska 2244: 2231: 2189: 2171: 2143: 2115: 2082: 2076:Ottoman conquest 2057: 2049: 2043: 2019: 2012: 2004: 1992: 1991:(before 10th c.) 1959: 1952:Glasinac culture 1942: 1928: 1910: 1883: 1882: 1879: 1761:and since 1450, 1632:Stephen Dragutin 1485:Miroslav Gospels 1421:Byzantine Empire 1386:Uroš II Prvoslav 1298:Pope Gregory VII 1231:Stephen Držislav 1219:Časlav of Serbia 1141:Byzantine Empire 1129:Peter Gojniković 1114:Croatian Kingdom 1098:Bulgarian Empire 1003:In 866, a major 938: 911:Stephen Držislav 856:Časlav of Serbia 800:Migration period 783: 776: 769: 755: 754: 753: 742: 734: 726: 718: 710: 701: 669: 668: 486: 479: 475: 472: 466: 435: 427: 397:Serbian Cyrillic 309:Byzantine Empire 295:(today parts of 278: 273: 269: 268: 221: 220: 209: 208: 200:Byzantine Empire 196: 182: 175: 174: 159: 158: 108: 93: 45: 36:9th century–1054 19: 18: 7483: 7482: 7478: 7477: 7476: 7474: 7473: 7472: 7443: 7442: 7441: 7436: 7398: 7329:Pannonian Slavs 7301: 7243: 7234: 7181: 7167: 7151: 7137: 7125: 7113: 7096: 7084: 7062: 7050: 7038: 7021: 7009:Bohemian Croats 6991: 6967: 6955: 6943: 6931: 6919: 6902: 6890: 6873: 6857: 6828: 6797: 6788: 6776: 6749: 6737: 6720: 6708: 6676: 6653:Polabian tribes 6647: 6618:Silesian Croats 6603: 6593:Silesian tribes 6587: 6550: 6541: 6529: 6517: 6485: 6438: 6400: 6377:Northern tribes 6368: 6359: 6312: 6293: 6243: 6238: 6207: 6205: 6200: 6171: 6147: 6131:Živković, Tibor 6118: 6112:Živković, Tibor 6092:Živković, Tibor 6084: 6068:Živković, Tibor 6056:Живковић, Тибор 6048: 6028:Živković, Tibor 5997: 5946: 5925: 5901: 5887:Viator (1978). 5880: 5857: 5849:. M.E. Sharpe. 5838: 5817: 5796: 5775: 5751: 5727: 5687:10.2307/2854596 5652: 5631: 5608: 5585:(in Croatian). 5540:John the Deacon 5516: 5495: 5472: 5456:Fleming, Thomas 5448: 5424: 5400: 5376: 5336: 5304: 5290:, ed. (1967) . 5280: 5264:Thomas of Split 5256: 5180: 5158: 5153: 5146: 5142: 5134: 5127: 5119: 5115: 5106: 5104: 5100: 5085: 5080: 5079: 5072: 5064: 5060: 5052: 5048: 5040: 5033: 5023: 5021: 5019: 5003: 4999: 4994: 4983: 4975: 4971: 4963: 4959: 4951: 4944: 4936: 4932: 4924: 4917: 4908: 4906: 4888: 4884: 4876: 4872: 4864: 4857: 4849: 4838: 4830: 4826: 4818: 4811: 4803: 4799: 4791: 4782: 4774: 4770: 4762: 4758: 4750: 4743: 4715: 4711: 4703: 4699: 4691: 4684: 4676: 4657: 4649: 4642: 4634: 4617: 4609: 4605: 4597: 4593: 4585: 4581: 4573: 4569: 4563:Stephenson 2003 4561: 4554: 4546: 4539: 4531: 4524: 4516: 4509: 4501: 4497: 4489: 4480: 4472: 4465: 4457: 4453: 4445: 4441: 4433: 4429: 4421: 4417: 4409: 4405: 4393: 4389: 4381: 4374: 4366: 4362: 4354: 4347: 4339: 4322: 4314: 4310: 4302: 4281: 4273: 4266: 4258: 4251: 4243: 4236: 4228: 4224: 4211:(in Croatian). 4201: 4197: 4189: 4185: 4167: 4163: 4155: 4151: 4143: 4139: 4131: 4127: 4108:Živković, Tibor 4105: 4101: 4093: 4089: 4076: 4074: 4067: 4044: 4040: 4027:(in Croatian), 4017: 4013: 4000: 3998: 3994: 3988: 3977: 3966: 3962: 3954: 3950: 3942: 3935: 3927: 3923: 3915: 3911: 3903: 3899: 3891: 3887: 3875: 3871: 3863: 3859: 3851: 3847: 3839: 3835: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3813: 3786: 3770:Petrović-Njegoš 3750: 3541:of the city of 3504:Miroslav of Hum 3485:Miroslav of Hum 3430:King of Croatia 3408: 3372: 3370: 3365: 3364: 3346:1992–2006 3336:1944–1992 3326:1941–1944 3322:Axis occupation 3316: 3315:1918–1941 3304: 3294: 3293: 3288:1882–1918 3278:1849–1860 3268:1848–1849 3258:1815–1882 3248:1804–1815 3237: 3227: 3226: 3221:1788–1791 3217:Koča's frontier 3211:1718–1739 3201:1702–1882 3191:1737–1739 3190: 3179:1686–1699 3169:16th–17th 3159:1526–1530 3155:Radoslav Čelnik 3145:1459–1804 3134: 3124: 3123: 3118:1402–1537 3108:1371–1412 3098:1371–1402 3088:1371–1395 3078:1346–1371 3075: 3057:1282–1325 3047:1217–1346 3037:1071–1217 3027:1018–1071 3006: 2996: 2995: 2977: 2934: 2924: 2923: 2869: 2859: 2858: 2854:Dacia Aureliana 2844:Moesia Superior 2814: 2804: 2803: 2764: 2754: 2753: 2724: 2714: 2713: 2699: 2677: 2670: 2655: 2619: 2617: 2605: 2604: 2585: 2577: 2576: 2568: 2565: 2560: 2559: 2554: 2545: 2538: 2530: 2527: 2515: 2507: 2506: 2457:Ottoman Croatia 2452: 2444: 2443: 2419:March of Istria 2394: 2386: 2385: 2341: 2321: 2314: 2299: 2263: 2261: 2256: 2255: 2249: 2246: 2239: 2221: 2220: 2208: 2198: 2197: 2183: 2182: 2165: 2164: 2157: 2147: 2146: 2137: 2136: 2129: 2119: 2118: 2089: 2088: 2080: 2071: 2061: 2060: 2055: 2047: 2021: 2020: 2017: 2010: 2002: 1990: 1983: 1973: 1972: 1949: 1948: 1946:Illyrian period 1932: 1931: 1927: 1920: 1899: 1892: 1877: 1839: 1807: 1802: 1712: 1706: 1605: 1595: 1539:Stefan Nemanjić 1497: 1466:Rastko Nemanjić 1439:Miroslav of Hum 1431:Miroslav Gospel 1349: 1319:protospatharios 1282: 1215: 1199:and patrician ( 1131:, the ruler of 1086: 1080: 1032:Niketas Oryphas 951: 945: 939: 933: 905:and settled in 884:Francis Dvornik 802: 796: 787: 751: 749: 740: 732: 724: 716: 708: 699: 678: 667: 621: 531:, the towns of 487: 476: 470: 467: 452: 436: 425: 417:terra de Chelmo 373:mountain of Hum 367:. South Slavic 345: 271: 240: 218: 146: 133: 102: 87: 86:• 910–935 48: 31: 27: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 7481: 7471: 7470: 7465: 7460: 7455: 7438: 7437: 7435: 7434: 7431: 7425: 7418: 7411: 7408: 7407: 7404: 7403: 7400: 7399: 7397: 7396: 7391: 7386: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7351: 7346: 7341: 7336: 7326: 7321: 7310: 7303: 7302: 7300: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7269: 7264: 7258: 7256: 7245: 7244: 7242: 7241: 7229: 7224: 7219: 7214: 7209: 7202: 7200: 7193: 7187: 7186: 7183: 7182: 7180: 7179: 7174: 7161: 7159: 7153: 7152: 7150: 7149: 7144: 7132: 7120: 7108: 7103: 7091: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7057: 7045: 7033: 7028: 7016: 7011: 7005: 7003: 6997: 6996: 6993: 6992: 6990: 6989: 6979: 6974: 6962: 6950: 6938: 6926: 6914: 6909: 6897: 6885: 6880: 6867: 6865: 6859: 6858: 6856: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6807: 6805: 6799: 6798: 6796: 6795: 6783: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6744: 6732: 6727: 6715: 6703: 6698: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6670: 6668: 6655: 6649: 6648: 6646: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6597: 6595: 6589: 6588: 6586: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6570: 6564: 6562: 6556: 6555: 6552: 6551: 6549: 6548: 6536: 6524: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6480: 6475: 6469: 6463: 6454: 6448: 6447: 6444: 6443: 6440: 6439: 6437: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6420: 6419: 6413: 6407: 6395: 6384: 6378: 6374: 6373: 6370: 6369: 6367: 6366: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6338: 6337: 6326: 6320: 6314: 6313: 6311: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6288: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6257: 6251: 6245: 6244: 6237: 6236: 6229: 6222: 6214: 6204: 6203:External links 6201: 6199: 6198: 6175: 6169: 6151: 6145: 6127: 6108: 6088: 6082: 6064: 6052: 6046: 6024: 6015: 6007:, ed. (1928). 6001: 5995: 5977: 5964: 5950: 5944: 5938:. Peter Lang. 5929: 5923: 5905: 5899: 5884: 5878: 5861: 5855: 5842: 5836: 5821: 5815: 5800: 5794: 5779: 5773: 5755: 5749: 5731: 5725: 5707: 5681:(2): 212–235. 5670: 5656: 5650: 5635: 5629: 5612: 5606: 5591: 5574: 5558:on 2011-07-19. 5537: 5520: 5514: 5499: 5493: 5476: 5470: 5452: 5446: 5428: 5422: 5404: 5398: 5380: 5374: 5356: 5340: 5334: 5319: 5308: 5302: 5284: 5278: 5260: 5254: 5240:Ćirković, Sima 5236: 5214:Ćirković, Sima 5210: 5188:Ćirković, Sima 5184: 5178: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5151: 5140: 5138:, p. 111. 5125: 5123:, p. 258. 5113: 5070: 5058: 5054:Velikonja 2003 5046: 5031: 5017: 4997: 4981: 4979:, p. 272. 4977:Ćirković 1964a 4969: 4957: 4955:, p. 578. 4942: 4940:, p. 106. 4938:Ćirković 1964a 4930: 4915: 4882: 4880:, p. 555. 4870: 4868:, p. 267. 4855: 4853:, p. 266. 4836: 4824: 4809: 4797: 4795:, p. 203. 4780: 4778:, p. 107. 4768: 4756: 4741: 4709: 4697: 4682: 4680:, p. 102. 4655: 4653:, p. 114. 4640: 4638:, p. 101. 4615: 4603: 4601:, p. 231. 4591: 4589:, p. 223. 4579: 4577:, p. 572. 4567: 4552: 4550:, p. 172. 4537: 4535:, p. 331. 4522: 4520:, p. 170. 4507: 4505:, p. 274. 4495: 4493:, p. 169. 4478: 4476:, p. 160. 4463: 4451: 4439: 4437:, p. 168. 4427: 4415: 4413:, p. 209. 4403: 4387: 4383:Moravcsik 1967 4372: 4360: 4358:, p. 149. 4345: 4343:, p. 258. 4320: 4308: 4306:, p. 257. 4279: 4277:, p. 253. 4264: 4249: 4234: 4222: 4195: 4183: 4161: 4159:, p. 139. 4149: 4137: 4125: 4099: 4087: 4065: 4038: 4011: 3986: 3960: 3948: 3933: 3921: 3909: 3897: 3885: 3869: 3857: 3845: 3841:Moravcsik 1967 3833: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3808: 3807: 3802: 3797: 3792: 3785: 3782: 3749: 3746: 3745: 3744: 3738: 3728: 3722: 3716: 3710: 3704: 3698: 3692: 3686: 3680: 3666: 3656: 3649:Ban of Croatia 3642: 3632: 3626: 3620: 3610: 3596: 3590: 3587: 3586: 3585: 3584: 3583: 3570: 3569: 3568: 3558: 3546: 3528: 3525: 3507: 3501: 3499:Stefan Nemanja 3488: 3482: 3476: 3470: 3464: 3458: 3452: 3446: 3439: 3433: 3423: 3414: 3413: 3410: 3409: 3407: 3406: 3399: 3392: 3384: 3381: 3380: 3367: 3366: 3361: 3360: 3354: 3348: 3347: 3344: 3338: 3337: 3334: 3328: 3327: 3324: 3318: 3317: 3313: 3305: 3300: 3299: 3296: 3295: 3290: 3289: 3286: 3280: 3279: 3276: 3270: 3269: 3266: 3260: 3259: 3256: 3250: 3249: 3246: 3238: 3233: 3232: 3229: 3228: 3223: 3222: 3219: 3213: 3212: 3209: 3203: 3202: 3199: 3193: 3192: 3187: 3181: 3180: 3177: 3171: 3170: 3167: 3161: 3160: 3157: 3147: 3146: 3143: 3135: 3130: 3129: 3126: 3125: 3120: 3119: 3116: 3110: 3109: 3106: 3100: 3099: 3096: 3090: 3089: 3086: 3080: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3073: 3068: 3062: 3059: 3058: 3055: 3049: 3048: 3045: 3039: 3038: 3035: 3029: 3028: 3025: 3019: 3018: 3015: 3007: 3002: 3001: 2998: 2997: 2992: 2991: 2988: 2982: 2981: 2978: 2953: 2947: 2946: 2943: 2935: 2930: 2929: 2926: 2925: 2922: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2884:Dacia Ripensis 2881: 2876: 2870: 2865: 2864: 2861: 2860: 2857: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2841: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2821: 2815: 2810: 2809: 2806: 2805: 2802: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2765: 2760: 2759: 2756: 2755: 2752: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2736: 2731: 2725: 2720: 2719: 2716: 2715: 2712: 2711: 2706: 2700: 2695: 2694: 2691: 2690: 2682: 2681: 2672: 2671: 2664: 2657: 2656: 2654: 2653: 2646: 2639: 2631: 2628: 2627: 2614: 2613: 2607: 2606: 2603: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2586: 2583: 2582: 2579: 2578: 2575: 2574: 2567: 2566: 2553: 2551: 2544: 2543: 2536: 2531: 2524: 2522: 2516: 2513: 2512: 2509: 2508: 2505: 2504: 2499: 2494: 2489: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2453: 2450: 2449: 2446: 2445: 2442: 2441: 2436: 2431: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2409:Lower Pannonia 2406: 2401: 2399:Avar Khaganate 2395: 2392: 2391: 2388: 2387: 2384: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2356:Roman Dalmatia 2353: 2351:Roman Pannonia 2348: 2342: 2339: 2338: 2335: 2334: 2326: 2325: 2316: 2315: 2308: 2301: 2300: 2298: 2297: 2290: 2283: 2275: 2272: 2271: 2258: 2257: 2248: 2247: 2237: 2232: 2228:Western Bosnia 2215: 2209: 2204: 2203: 2200: 2199: 2196: 2195: 2190: 2180:SFR Yugoslavia 2177: 2172: 2168:Drina Banovina 2158: 2153: 2152: 2149: 2148: 2145: 2144: 2140:Bosnian crisis 2130: 2125: 2124: 2121: 2120: 2117: 2116: 2110:(1867-1908) / 2108:Bosnia Vilayet 2106:(1833–1851) / 2098:(1481–1833) / 2083: 2078: 2072: 2067: 2066: 2063: 2062: 2059: 2058: 2050: 2044: 2005: 2003:(~9th–14th c.) 1993: 1984: 1979: 1978: 1975: 1974: 1971: 1970: 1968:Roman Pannonia 1965: 1963:Roman Dalmatia 1960: 1943: 1921: 1916: 1915: 1912: 1911: 1903: 1902: 1894: 1893: 1886: 1876: 1875:List of rulers 1873: 1843:Bosnian Church 1838: 1835: 1833:and Orthodox. 1819:Eastern Church 1806: 1803: 1801: 1798: 1705: 1702: 1622:. Paul became 1616:Gvozd Mountain 1594: 1591: 1496: 1493: 1401:Stefan Nemanja 1348: 1345: 1337:Vojislavljević 1300:from 1076 (as 1294:regno Lachomis 1281: 1278: 1238:Jovan Vladimir 1214: 1211: 1079: 1076: 1036:Byzantine navy 944: 941: 931: 919: 918: 864:Tibor Živković 818:Constantinople 795: 792: 789: 788: 786: 785: 778: 771: 763: 760: 759: 746: 745: 744: 743: 735: 727: 719: 711: 707:(Herzegovina) 702: 687: 686: 680: 679: 672: 666: 663: 620: 617: 489: 488: 439: 437: 430: 424: 421: 393:Serbo-Croatian 344: 341: 337:Ottoman Empire 258:Serbo-Croatian 245: 244: 235: 231: 230: 227: 226: 223: 222: 215: 206: 203: 202: 197: 189: 188: 183: 171: 170: 165: 155: 154: 151: 150: 147: 141: 138: 137: 134: 131: 128: 127: 124: 123: 120: 116: 115: 112: 111: 103: 100: 97: 96: 88: 85: 82: 81: 78: 77: 74: 70: 69: 64: 60: 59: 54: 50: 49: 46: 38: 37: 33: 32: 25: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7480: 7469: 7466: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7450: 7448: 7432: 7430: 7426: 7423: 7420:= supposedly 7419: 7416: 7413: 7412: 7409: 7395: 7394:Praedenecenti 7392: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7382: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7334: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7319: 7315: 7312: 7311: 7308: 7304: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7259: 7257: 7255: 7251: 7246: 7238: 7233: 7230: 7228: 7225: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205:Union of the 7204: 7203: 7201: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7188: 7178: 7175: 7171: 7166: 7163: 7162: 7160: 7158: 7157:Slovak tribes 7154: 7148: 7145: 7141: 7136: 7133: 7129: 7124: 7121: 7117: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7100: 7095: 7092: 7088: 7083: 7080: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7066: 7061: 7058: 7054: 7049: 7046: 7042: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7025: 7020: 7017: 7015: 7012: 7010: 7007: 7006: 7004: 7002: 6998: 6987: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6971: 6966: 6963: 6959: 6954: 6951: 6947: 6942: 6939: 6935: 6930: 6927: 6923: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6906: 6901: 6898: 6894: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6877: 6872: 6869: 6868: 6866: 6864: 6860: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6832: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6808: 6806: 6804: 6800: 6792: 6787: 6784: 6780: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6753: 6748: 6745: 6741: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6724: 6719: 6716: 6712: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6680: 6675: 6672: 6671: 6669: 6667: 6663: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6650: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6621: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6607: 6602: 6599: 6598: 6596: 6594: 6590: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6569: 6566: 6565: 6563: 6561: 6557: 6545: 6540: 6537: 6533: 6528: 6525: 6521: 6516: 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6489: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6474: 6471: 6470: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6461:Polish tribes 6458: 6455: 6453: 6449: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6417: 6414: 6411: 6408: 6404: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6390: 6389: 6386: 6385: 6382: 6379: 6375: 6363: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6336: 6333: 6332: 6331: 6328: 6327: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6315: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6297: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6262: 6259: 6258: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6246: 6242: 6235: 6230: 6228: 6223: 6221: 6216: 6215: 6212: 6208: 6195: 6191: 6187: 6183: 6182: 6176: 6172: 6170:953-6045-03-6 6166: 6162: 6161: 6156: 6155:Malcolm, Noel 6152: 6148: 6146:9788677431044 6142: 6138: 6137: 6132: 6128: 6124: 6117: 6113: 6109: 6105: 6101: 6097: 6093: 6089: 6085: 6083:9788675585732 6079: 6075: 6074: 6069: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6053: 6049: 6047:9788617137548 6043: 6039: 6035: 6034: 6029: 6025: 6021: 6016: 6012: 6011: 6006: 6002: 5998: 5996:9788639901042 5992: 5988: 5987: 5982: 5978: 5974: 5970: 5965: 5961: 5960: 5955: 5951: 5947: 5941: 5937: 5936: 5930: 5926: 5924:9780521074599 5920: 5916: 5915: 5910: 5906: 5902: 5896: 5892: 5891: 5885: 5881: 5879:9781585442263 5875: 5870: 5869: 5862: 5858: 5852: 5848: 5843: 5839: 5837:9780521770170 5833: 5829: 5828: 5822: 5818: 5816:9780521815307 5812: 5808: 5807: 5801: 5797: 5795:9780295800646 5791: 5787: 5786: 5780: 5776: 5774:9788675830153 5770: 5766: 5765: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5750:9780521357227 5746: 5742: 5741: 5736: 5732: 5728: 5726:9780521289269 5722: 5718: 5717: 5712: 5708: 5704: 5700: 5696: 5692: 5688: 5684: 5680: 5676: 5671: 5668:. Beč: Klemm. 5667: 5666: 5661: 5660:Rački, Franjo 5657: 5653: 5651:9780805928938 5647: 5643: 5642: 5636: 5632: 5626: 5621: 5620: 5613: 5609: 5607:9780674035195 5603: 5599: 5598: 5592: 5588: 5584: 5580: 5575: 5572:(no. 197.1 ). 5571: 5567: 5566: 5557: 5553: 5552: 5545: 5541: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5521: 5517: 5515:9783319562063 5511: 5507: 5506: 5500: 5496: 5494:9780312217365 5490: 5485: 5484: 5477: 5473: 5471:9780961936495 5467: 5463: 5462: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5443: 5439: 5438: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5419: 5415: 5414: 5409: 5405: 5401: 5395: 5391: 5390: 5385: 5381: 5377: 5375:9780914710035 5371: 5367: 5366: 5361: 5357: 5352: 5351: 5345: 5344:Curta, Florin 5341: 5337: 5335:9781000893434 5331: 5327: 5326: 5320: 5316: 5315: 5309: 5305: 5303:9780884020219 5299: 5295: 5294: 5289: 5285: 5281: 5279:9789637326592 5275: 5271: 5270: 5265: 5261: 5257: 5255:9780631204718 5251: 5247: 5246: 5241: 5237: 5233: 5229: 5225: 5221: 5220: 5215: 5211: 5207: 5203: 5199: 5195: 5194: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5179:9782911527104 5175: 5171: 5170: 5165: 5161: 5160: 5149: 5144: 5137: 5136:Runciman 1982 5132: 5130: 5122: 5117: 5103:on 2011-07-21 5099: 5095: 5091: 5083: 5077: 5075: 5067: 5062: 5056:, p. 38. 5055: 5050: 5044:, p. 20. 5043: 5038: 5036: 5020: 5014: 5010: 5009: 5001: 4992: 4990: 4988: 4986: 4978: 4973: 4966: 4961: 4954: 4949: 4947: 4939: 4934: 4928:, p. 48. 4927: 4922: 4920: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4886: 4879: 4874: 4867: 4862: 4860: 4852: 4847: 4845: 4843: 4841: 4834:, p. 17. 4833: 4828: 4821: 4816: 4814: 4806: 4801: 4794: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4777: 4776:Runciman 1982 4772: 4766:, p. 37. 4765: 4764:Ćirković 2004 4760: 4753: 4748: 4746: 4738: 4733: 4728: 4724: 4720: 4713: 4707:, p. 19. 4706: 4705:Ćirković 2004 4701: 4694: 4689: 4687: 4679: 4678:Runciman 1982 4674: 4672: 4670: 4668: 4666: 4664: 4662: 4660: 4652: 4647: 4645: 4637: 4636:Runciman 1982 4632: 4630: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4622: 4620: 4612: 4607: 4600: 4595: 4588: 4583: 4576: 4571: 4564: 4559: 4557: 4549: 4544: 4542: 4534: 4529: 4527: 4519: 4514: 4512: 4504: 4499: 4492: 4487: 4485: 4483: 4475: 4470: 4468: 4461:, p. 24. 4460: 4459:Omrčanin 1984 4455: 4448: 4443: 4436: 4431: 4425:, p. 17. 4424: 4423:Ćirković 2004 4419: 4412: 4407: 4400: 4396: 4391: 4384: 4379: 4377: 4370:, p. 18. 4369: 4368:Ćirković 2004 4364: 4357: 4352: 4350: 4342: 4337: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4325: 4318:, p. 24. 4317: 4312: 4305: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4294: 4292: 4290: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4276: 4271: 4269: 4261: 4256: 4254: 4246: 4241: 4239: 4231: 4226: 4219: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4199: 4193:, p. 75. 4192: 4191:Živković 2006 4187: 4180: 4176: 4172: 4165: 4158: 4153: 4146: 4141: 4135:, p. 60. 4134: 4133:Živković 2006 4129: 4122: 4117: 4113: 4109: 4103: 4096: 4091: 4084: 4073:on 2022-10-03 4072: 4068: 4062: 4058: 4054: 4053: 4048: 4042: 4035: 4031:(11): 67–76, 4030: 4026: 4022: 4015: 4008: 3997:on 2019-05-04 3993: 3989: 3987:953-169-032-4 3983: 3976: 3975: 3970: 3964: 3957: 3956:Živković 2006 3952: 3945: 3940: 3938: 3930: 3925: 3919:, p. 12. 3918: 3917:Ćirković 2004 3913: 3907:, p. 25. 3906: 3901: 3895:, p. 19. 3894: 3889: 3883: 3879: 3873: 3866: 3865:Janković 2004 3861: 3854: 3853:Hupchick 2002 3849: 3842: 3837: 3830: 3824: 3820: 3806: 3803: 3801: 3798: 3796: 3793: 3791: 3788: 3787: 3781: 3779: 3775: 3771: 3767: 3765: 3759: 3755: 3742: 3739: 3736: 3732: 3729: 3726: 3723: 3720: 3717: 3714: 3711: 3708: 3705: 3702: 3699: 3696: 3693: 3690: 3687: 3684: 3681: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3667: 3664: 3660: 3657: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3643: 3640: 3636: 3633: 3630: 3627: 3624: 3621: 3618: 3614: 3611: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3597: 3594: 3591: 3588: 3581: 3577: 3574: 3573: 3571: 3566: 3562: 3559: 3556: 3553: 3552: 3550: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3532: 3529: 3526: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3510:Toljen of Hum 3508: 3505: 3502: 3500: 3496: 3492: 3489: 3486: 3483: 3480: 3477: 3474: 3471: 3468: 3465: 3462: 3459: 3456: 3453: 3450: 3447: 3444: 3440: 3437: 3434: 3431: 3427: 3424: 3421: 3418: 3417: 3405: 3400: 3398: 3393: 3391: 3386: 3385: 3383: 3382: 3379: 3369: 3368: 3355: 3353: 3350: 3349: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3339: 3335: 3333: 3330: 3329: 3325: 3323: 3320: 3319: 3314: 3312: 3309: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3297: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3281: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3271: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3261: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3251: 3247: 3245: 3242: 3241: 3236: 3231: 3230: 3220: 3218: 3215: 3214: 3210: 3208: 3205: 3204: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3194: 3188: 3186: 3183: 3182: 3178: 3176: 3173: 3172: 3168: 3166: 3163: 3162: 3158: 3156: 3152: 3149: 3148: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3127: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3111: 3107: 3105: 3102: 3101: 3097: 3095: 3092: 3091: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3081: 3077: 3072: 3069: 3067: 3064: 3063: 3061: 3060: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3050: 3046: 3044: 3041: 3040: 3036: 3034: 3031: 3030: 3026: 3024: 3021: 3020: 3016: 3014: 3013:Duklja (Zeta) 3011: 3010: 3005: 3000: 2999: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2983: 2979: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2952: 2949: 2948: 2945:around 600 AD 2944: 2942: 2939: 2938: 2933: 2928: 2927: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2871: 2868: 2863: 2862: 2855: 2852: 2850: 2847: 2845: 2842: 2840: 2837: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2827: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2816: 2813: 2808: 2807: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2766: 2763: 2758: 2757: 2750: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2740: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2726: 2723: 2718: 2717: 2710: 2707: 2705: 2702: 2701: 2698: 2693: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2683: 2680: 2674: 2673: 2668: 2663: 2662: 2652: 2647: 2645: 2640: 2638: 2633: 2632: 2630: 2629: 2626: 2616: 2615: 2612: 2609: 2608: 2601: 2598: 2596: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2587: 2581: 2580: 2573: 2570: 2569: 2563: 2557: 2552: 2550: 2547: 2546: 2541: 2537: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2523: 2521: 2518: 2517: 2511: 2510: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2495: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2454: 2448: 2447: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2396: 2390: 2389: 2382: 2379: 2377: 2376:White Croatia 2374: 2372: 2369: 2367: 2364: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2344: 2343: 2340:Early history 2337: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2327: 2324: 2318: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2306: 2296: 2291: 2289: 2284: 2282: 2277: 2276: 2274: 2273: 2270: 2260: 2259: 2252: 2243: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2229: 2225: 2224:Herzeg-Bosnia 2219: 2216: 2214: 2211: 2210: 2207: 2202: 2201: 2194: 2191: 2187: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2173: 2169: 2163: 2160: 2159: 2156: 2151: 2150: 2141: 2135: 2132: 2131: 2128: 2123: 2122: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2102:(1580-1867), 2101: 2100:Bosnia Eyalet 2097: 2094:(1463–1580), 2093: 2092:Bosnia Sanjak 2087: 2084: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2073: 2070: 2065: 2064: 2054: 2051: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2016: 2009: 2006: 2001: 1997: 1994: 1989: 1986: 1985: 1982: 1977: 1976: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1947: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1926: 1923: 1922: 1919: 1918:Early history 1914: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1904: 1901: 1896: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1884: 1881: 1880: 1872: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1849: 1844: 1834: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1797: 1795: 1790: 1788: 1784: 1780: 1776: 1775:Humska zemlja 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1747: 1745: 1740: 1738: 1734: 1726: 1722: 1721: 1716: 1711: 1701: 1699: 1695: 1690: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1657:By 1325, the 1655: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1620:Neretva mouth 1618:to the river 1617: 1613: 1609: 1604: 1603:Humska zemlja 1600: 1590: 1587: 1582: 1578: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1549:, the son of 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1506: 1501: 1492: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1477: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1462:Prince of Hum 1459: 1455: 1451: 1447: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1389: 1387: 1383: 1380: 1379:Grand Princes 1376: 1375: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1353: 1344: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1314: 1310: 1305: 1303: 1302:regno Zaculmi 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1277: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1234: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1210: 1208: 1204: 1203: 1198: 1197: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1179: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1144: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1125: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1099: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1075: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1060: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1001: 999: 995: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 963: 955: 950: 936: 930: 928: 924: 923: 917: 916: 914: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 891: 885: 881: 877: 873: 870:ancestors of 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 837: 833: 830: 825: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 801: 784: 779: 777: 772: 770: 765: 764: 762: 761: 758: 748: 747: 739: 736: 731: 728: 723: 720: 715: 712: 706: 705:Humska zemlja 703: 700:(9th–14th c.) 698: 694: 691: 690: 689: 688: 685: 682: 681: 676: 671: 670: 662: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 640: 636: 635: 630: 626: 616: 614: 610: 606: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 582: 578: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 557:Gatačko polje 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 518: 514: 513: 507: 505: 503: 497: 496: 485: 482: 474: 471:December 2023 464: 460: 456: 450: 449: 445: 440:This section 438: 434: 429: 428: 420: 418: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 394: 390: 386: 382: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 361: 356: 355: 350: 340: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 291:and southern 290: 286: 282: 277: 263: 259: 255: 251: 243: 239: 236: 234:Today part of 232: 216: 214: 211: 210: 207: 201: 198: 195: 191: 190: 187: 184: 181: 177: 176: 173: 172: 169: 166: 164: 161: 160: 156: 152: 148: 145: 139: 135: 129: 125: 121: 117: 113: 107: 104: 98: 94:(first known) 92: 89: 83: 79: 75: 71: 68: 65: 61: 58: 55: 51: 44: 39: 34: 30: 20: 7414: 7369:Diokletlians 7353: 7318:Carantanians 7314:Alpine Slavs 7262:Drougoubitai 7001:Czech tribes 6308:Bolokhovians 6206: 6185: 6180: 6159: 6135: 6122: 6103: 6099: 6072: 6059: 6037: 6032: 6019: 6009: 6005:Шишић, Фердо 5985: 5972: 5968: 5958: 5934: 5913: 5889: 5867: 5846: 5826: 5805: 5784: 5763: 5739: 5715: 5678: 5674: 5664: 5644:. Dorrance. 5640: 5618: 5596: 5586: 5582: 5564: 5556:the original 5550: 5543: 5532: 5528: 5504: 5482: 5460: 5436: 5412: 5388: 5364: 5349: 5324: 5313: 5292: 5268: 5244: 5223: 5218: 5197: 5192: 5168: 5156:Bibliography 5143: 5116: 5105:. Retrieved 5098:the original 5093: 5089: 5061: 5049: 5022:. Retrieved 5007: 5000: 4972: 4960: 4933: 4907:. Retrieved 4895: 4885: 4873: 4827: 4800: 4771: 4759: 4736: 4722: 4712: 4700: 4613:, p. 3. 4606: 4594: 4582: 4570: 4498: 4454: 4442: 4430: 4418: 4406: 4398: 4390: 4363: 4311: 4225: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4198: 4186: 4178: 4174: 4164: 4152: 4140: 4128: 4119: 4115: 4102: 4095:Malcolm 1995 4090: 4081: 4075:, retrieved 4071:the original 4056: 4051: 4047:Budak, Neven 4041: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4014: 4005: 3999:. Retrieved 3992:the original 3973: 3969:Budak, Neven 3963: 3951: 3924: 3912: 3900: 3888: 3877: 3872: 3860: 3848: 3836: 3828: 3823: 3761: 3751: 3662: 3153: / 3132:Early Modern 2962: 2941:White Serbia 2894:Praevalitana 2874:Moesia Prima 2590:Independence 2549:World War II 2514:20th century 2381:White Croats 2206:Contemporary 2175:World War II 2134:Habsburg era 2127:Habsburg era 2114:(1875–1877)) 2011:(~1154–1377) 1856: 1846: 1840: 1823:Great Schism 1808: 1800:Demographics 1791: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1748: 1741: 1730: 1718: 1704:15th century 1691: 1656: 1652:Šubić family 1606: 1593:14th century 1579: 1529: 1510: 1495:13th century 1478: 1474:Bijelo Polje 1461: 1443: 1390: 1378: 1371: 1358: 1347:12th century 1326: 1316: 1306: 1301: 1293: 1283: 1280:11th century 1250:Krešimir III 1235: 1222: 1216: 1200: 1194: 1180: 1171: 1167: 1159: 1147: 1145: 1133:inner Serbia 1126: 1110:South Slavic 1103: 1078:10th century 1062:In 879, the 1061: 1002: 993: 968: 926: 925: 921: 920: 898: 888: 876:White Croats 860:Noel Malcolm 852:White Serbia 843: 826: 803: 692: 632: 629:Thessalonica 622: 615:northwards. 510: 508: 499: 493: 492: 477: 468: 453:Please help 441: 416: 412: 408: 400: 388: 384: 368: 364: 358: 352: 348: 346: 305:South Slavic 280: 253: 249: 248: 168:Succeeded by 167: 162: 57:Christianity 28: 7422:Finno-Ugric 7389:Branichevci 7354:Zachlumians 7287:Belegezites 7235: [ 7222:Strymonites 7191:South Slavs 7168: [ 7138: [ 7126: [ 7114: [ 7097: [ 7085: [ 7063: [ 7051: [ 7039: [ 7022: [ 6986:White Serbs 6968: [ 6956: [ 6944: [ 6932: [ 6920: [ 6903: [ 6891: [ 6874: [ 6829: [ 6789: [ 6777: [ 6750: [ 6738: [ 6721: [ 6709: [ 6696:Tollensians 6677: [ 6604: [ 6583:Slovincians 6560:Pomeranians 6542: [ 6530: [ 6518: [ 6486: [ 6401: [ 6360: [ 6352:Dregoviches 6294: [ 6125:(1): 33–53. 5981:Klaić, Nada 4878:Zlatar 2007 4832:Karbić 2004 4575:Zlatar 2007 4411:Vlasto 1970 4316:Norris 1993 3639:Bosnian Ban 3595:, 1239–1250 3445:: 1018–1039 3356:2006– 3151:Jovan Nenad 2812:Early Roman 2729:Paleolithic 2676:History of 2520:World War I 2393:Middle Ages 2320:History of 2218:Bosnian War 2086:Ottoman era 2069:Ottoman era 2056:(1463–1482) 2048:(1451-1463) 2032:Donji Kraji 2018:(1377-1463) 1981:Middle Ages 1787:Herzegovina 1785:s land(s) ( 1727:around 1412 1710:Herzegovina 1317:"Ljutovit, 1152:Pope John X 1007:raid along 990:South Slavs 970:Charlemagne 943:9th century 880:White Serbs 794:7th century 733:(1875–1877) 725:(1833–1851) 709:(1463–1482) 625:Justinian I 591:, Dubrava, 517:Red Croatia 363:), meaning 289:Herzegovina 163:Preceded by 136:9th century 7447:Categories 7359:Travunians 7349:Narentines 7297:Rhynchinoi 7282:Baiounitai 7135:Lupiglians 7123:Domazhlici 7094:Sedlichans 7048:Litomerici 6953:Neletiches 6883:Glomatians 6718:Neletyches 6706:Morzyczans 6691:Kessinians 6686:Circipania 6623:Dadosesani 6568:Kashubians 6505:Sieradzans 6452:West Slavs 6335:Volhynians 6249:East Slavs 6106:: 117–131. 5975:: 221–227. 5447:0472025600 5423:0472082604 5399:0472081497 5107:2011-02-18 5090:Građevinar 5066:Тошић 2005 4909:2012-07-09 4548:Dzino 2023 4533:Шишић 1928 4518:Dzino 2023 4491:Dzino 2023 4447:Dzino 2023 4435:Dzino 2023 4215:(54): 14. 4077:2020-12-27 4007:Dalmaciji. 4001:2019-05-04 3944:Curta 2006 3876:J B Bury, 3811:References 3774:Montenegro 3735:Saint Sava 3709:1398– 1404 3677:Kotromanić 3545:1222–1225. 3104:Vuk's Land 2967:Narentines 2867:Late Roman 2774:Autariatae 2744:Bronze Age 2734:Mesolithic 2722:Prehistory 2697:By century 2222:(defunct: 2155:Yugoslavia 1925:Prehistory 1898:History of 1821:after the 1470:Lim region 1196:anthypatos 1082:See also: 1057:Dyrrachium 982:West Slavs 947:See also: 808:and their 798:See also: 581:zhupanates 272:pronounced 63:Government 7384:Timochans 7364:Kanalites 7344:Guduscani 7277:Sagudates 7254:Macedonia 7147:Znetalici 7072:Moravians 6929:Zhirmunts 6900:Lusatians 6888:Koledices 6863:Lusatians 6853:Polabians 6838:Smeldingi 6811:Bethenici 6803:Obotrites 6735:Redariers 6643:Silesians 6628:Golensizi 6601:Bezunzans 6578:Wolinians 6515:Kujawians 6510:Vistulans 6495:Masovians 6483:Lubuszans 6393:Polochans 6357:Narevyans 6342:Drevlians 6291:Don Slavs 6271:Severians 6266:Radimichs 6194:461824314 6114:(2013a). 5703:163300685 5410:(1994) . 5386:(1991) . 5245:The Serbs 5232:494551997 5190:(1964a). 5121:Fine 1994 5042:Fine 1994 4965:Vego 1982 4953:Fine 1994 4926:Vego 1982 4904:1330-0474 4866:Fine 1994 4851:Fine 1994 4820:Fine 1994 4805:Fine 1994 4793:Fine 1994 4752:Fine 1994 4725:(2): 66. 4693:Fine 1994 4651:Fine 1975 4611:Fine 1994 4599:Fine 1991 4587:Fine 1991 4503:Fine 1991 4474:Fine 1991 4395:Fine 2005 4356:Fine 1991 4341:Fine 1991 4304:Fine 1991 4275:Fine 1991 4260:Ross 1945 4230:Fine 1991 3905:Fine 1991 3893:Fine 1994 3816:Footnotes 3715:1404–1409 3703:1395–1398 3697:1391–1395 3665:1312–1322 3631:1280–1299 3629:Bogdan II 3625:1268–1280 3619:1252–1268 3561:Toljen II 2963:Zachlumia 2819:Illyricum 2794:Scordisci 2769:Illyrians 2762:Pre-Roman 2739:Neolithic 2451:Modernity 2000:Zachumlia 1857:Hum lands 1831:Catholics 1723:s in the 1644:Mladen II 1636:Nevesinje 1575:Lim River 1547:Toljen II 1409:Ban Kulin 1202:patrikios 1158:, "king ( 1021:Dubrovnik 832:Heraclius 693:Zachlumia 655:Illyricum 553:Kalinovik 537:Glumainik 533:Mokriskik 502:Heraclius 442:does not 423:Geography 409:Chelmania 401:Zachlumia 343:Etymology 254:Zachumlia 250:Zachlumia 53:Religion 7379:Moravens 7272:Melingoi 7267:Ezeritai 7232:Milcovci 7217:Smolyani 7165:Nitrians 7082:Pshovans 7077:Merehani 6965:Nizhices 6941:Zhitices 6871:Khutices 6759:Sprevane 6613:Bobrzans 6573:Prissani 6539:Thafnezi 6527:Wiercans 6478:Lendians 6424:Slovenes 6416:Smolensk 6388:Krivichs 6303:Zeriuani 6286:Vyatichi 6276:Tivertsi 6157:(1995). 6094:(2010). 6070:(2008). 6058:(2009). 6030:(2006). 5983:(1989). 5956:(1956). 5911:(1970). 5737:(1988). 5713:(1982). 5675:Speculum 5662:(1861). 5535:: 39–61. 5458:(2002). 5434:(2005). 5362:(1975). 5346:(2006). 5242:(2004). 5216:(1964). 5166:(1996). 4110:(2001). 4049:(2018), 3971:(1994). 3880:, Vol 2 3784:See also 3623:George I 3617:George I 3607:George I 3603:Bogdan I 3518:Margrave 3449:Ljutovid 3441:Part of 3436:Dragimir 3189:1690 and 2959:Travunia 2889:Dardania 2834:Dalmatia 2824:Pannonia 2784:Triballi 2749:Iron Age 2667:a series 2665:Part of 2611:Timeline 2311:a series 2309:Part of 2040:Podrinje 1996:Travunia 1889:a series 1887:Part of 1853:Trebinje 1771:Ottomans 1698:Tvrtko I 1687:Pelješac 1559:Radoslav 1405:Miroslav 1372:Lord of 1242:Dalmatia 1191:Sipontum 1156:Tomislav 1137:Simeon I 1122:Bulgaria 1096:and the 1072:Branimir 1009:Dalmatia 932:— 899:Lingones 697:Travunia 675:a series 673:Part of 647:Dalmatia 634:Sclaveni 609:Pelješac 569:Ljubinje 561:Travunia 555:and the 541:Dalmatia 385:Zahumlje 369:Zahumlje 293:Dalmatia 285:medieval 283:, was a 279:), also 262:Zahumlje 106:Ljutovid 67:Monarchy 29:Zahumlje 7429:Silings 7292:Berziti 7227:Moratsi 7177:Slovaks 7106:Zlicans 7060:Luchans 7019:Dechans 6977:Nishans 6917:Suslowi 6912:Milceni 6848:Warnabi 6816:Drevani 6786:Zemcici 6774:Zamcici 6764:Hevelli 6747:Rechans 6674:Brizans 6638:Selpoli 6633:Opolans 6473:Goplans 6398:Pskov's 6347:Polans 6330:Buzhans 6318:Dulebes 5695:2854596 5206:4864621 5024:21 July 3764:Voivode 3756:of the 3701:Helen I 3679:in 1338 3593:Andrija 3576:Andrija 3495:Nemanja 3432:969–997 3358:present 2799:Dacians 2779:Dardani 2322:Croatia 2015:Kingdom 1859:around 1783:Herceg' 1523:as the 1521:Ilarion 1507:in 1265 1374:Ribnica 1360:Kočapar 1286:Basil I 1254:Gojslav 1183:Siponto 1011:struck 907:Croatia 868:Litziki 822:Balkans 665:History 605:Neretva 603:around 601:Večenik 549:Pagania 545:Croatia 463:removed 448:sources 413:Chulmia 360:*hulma- 301:Croatia 267:Захумље 238:Croatia 119:History 91:Michael 26:Захумље 7424:tribes 7339:Croats 7250:Greece 7036:Lemuzi 7014:Czechs 6826:Reregs 6821:Linons 6769:Ukrani 6730:Rujani 6701:Doxani 6666:Lutici 6662:Veleti 6500:Polans 6434:Muroma 6281:Ulichs 6192: 6167: 6143: 6080: 6044: 5993: 5942: 5921: 5897: 5876: 5853: 5834: 5813: 5792: 5771: 5747: 5723: 5701: 5693: 5648: 5627: 5604: 5546:, ed. 5512: 5491: 5468: 5444: 5420: 5396: 5372: 5332: 5300: 5276: 5252: 5230: 5204: 5176: 5015: 4902: 4063: 3984: 3762:Grand 3748:Legacy 3689:Tvrtko 3673:Prince 3669:Nikola 3522:Istria 3491:Rastko 3066:Empire 2975:Bosnia 2955:Duklja 2839:Moesia 2678:Serbia 2669:on the 2313:on the 2008:Banate 1939:Butmir 1935:Kakanj 1891:on the 1815:Vlachs 1813:, and 1794:ducats 1779:Herceg 1767:Sava's 1755:herzog 1720:Zemlja 1663:Cetina 1563:George 1555:Bogdan 1413:Bosnia 1368:Zavida 1313:Slavic 1270:Bosnia 1262:Trogir 1207:Papacy 994:župans 978:empire 903:Poland 840:Croats 810:Slavic 741:(1941) 677:on the 659:Vlachs 651:Thrace 613:Serbia 589:Popovo 577:Ragusa 565:Popovo 365:"Hill" 354:*xŭlmŭ 213:Duklja 144:Duklja 122: 76: 73:Prince 7415:Notes 7374:Serbs 7239:] 7172:] 7142:] 7130:] 7118:] 7111:Hbans 7101:] 7089:] 7067:] 7055:] 7043:] 7026:] 6982:Sorbs 6972:] 6960:] 6948:] 6936:] 6924:] 6907:] 6895:] 6878:] 6843:Wagri 6833:] 6793:] 6781:] 6754:] 6742:] 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3580:Duke 3565:Duke 3535:Duke 3514:Duke 3479:Desa 3071:Fall 2709:10th 2028:Soli 1863:and 1848:župa 1827:Ston 1685:and 1683:Ston 1640:Ston 1638:and 1630:and 1601:and 1561:and 1513:Sava 1450:Ston 1419:and 1382:Desa 1272:and 1264:and 1252:and 1146:The 1116:and 1064:Pope 1044:Bari 1015:and 1005:Arab 988:and 838:and 695:and 653:and 593:Luka 585:Ston 535:and 521:Ston 509:The 446:any 444:cite 415:and 381:Buna 377:Bona 299:and 149:1054 7248:in 5683:doi 5570:388 4727:doi 3737:" . 3520:of 3493:of 2704:9th 1851:of 1610:as 1223:DAI 1160:rex 1154:to 893:by 844:DAI 643:Niš 457:by 391:in 389:Hum 387:or 349:Hum 281:Hum 252:or 7449:: 7237:ru 7170:pl 7140:pl 7128:ru 7116:uk 7099:pl 7087:cs 7065:cs 7053:pl 7041:cs 7024:pl 6970:pl 6958:pl 6946:pl 6934:pl 6922:pl 6905:pl 6893:pl 6876:pl 6831:pl 6791:pl 6779:pl 6752:pl 6740:pl 6723:pl 6711:pl 6679:pl 6606:de 6544:pl 6532:pl 6520:pl 6488:pl 6418:'s 6412:'s 6403:ru 6362:ru 6296:ru 6121:. 6104:42 6102:. 6098:. 5973:16 5971:. 5697:. 5689:. 5679:20 5677:. 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