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limiting one's autonomy and therefore one's ambitions. The
Italian authorities were also informed by Yusuf Ali himself from the first contacts for the establishment of the protectorate. However, there was no direct intervention and this was probably the demonstration that the choice of Italy as protector could be the most congenial precisely because it was unable to intervene in the internal affairs of the Sultanate. And that was probably the reason why Keenadiid was able to later convince the more reluctant Boqor Cismaan to also accept the Italian protective umbrella over the Sultanate in Bari. Italian protection would play a very important role in the expansion of the Sultanate towards the interior. In 1889, when the protectorate agreement was signed, the sultanal power was only consolidated on a limited stretch of the coast: the agreement, on the other hand, recognized him as sovereign between Ras Awath (Cabaad), to the north, up to in Mereeg at noon, then the entire outlet to the sea of the Habar Gidir region. Instead, the northern part of Mudug, Cumar Maxamuud, was initially excluded from the agreement, including the Abgaal-Waceesle area of Mereeg which as we will see will be the source of subsequent conflicts. This protective umbrella was a guarantee from the interventions of other external powers among them Germany - but the expansion of the sovereignty of the Sultanate inwards was a personal initiative of the Sultan.
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As per custom among the period's prominent urban traders, to ensure commercial success in the interior, Kenadid married a local woman. While traveling to the coast in his capacity as a merchant prince, he would thereafter entrust his business affairs to his second wife, Khadija. Her duties during her
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Ali Haji Ahmed Aden who was the Sayid's maternal cousin, Ali was birthed by Balah Seed Magan, whilst the Sayid's mother was called Arro Seed Magan. It was said that in the fight of Ruuga (Dul Madoba) wherein
Corfield was killed and where Ali Ahmed Suji was head of the Dervish cavalry, that once the
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Cali Xaaji Axmed Aaden oo ay
Sayidka habrawadaag ahaayeen, Cali waxaa dhasay Balax Seed Magan, Sayidkana hooyadii waxaa la oron jiray Carro Seed Magan. Waxaa la yiri dagaalkii Ruuga ee Koofil ayaa lagu dilay Cali Xaaji Axmed oo fardaha Daraawiisheed buu madax ka ahaa, markii dagaalka foodda la is
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The terms of each treaty specified that Italy was to steer clear of any interference in the sultanates' respective administrations. In return for
Italian arms and an annual subsidy, the Sultans conceded to a minimum of oversight and economic concessions. The Italians also agreed to dispatch a few
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After consolidating his power in Hobyo, to protect himself from further
Zanzibari hostility, he signed a protectorate treaty with Italy, still a power present only nominally. In fact, asking for protection from the English, already firmly established in 'Aden and Berbera, would have meant
383:. As a rule Somali raids are bloodless encounters, since it is contrary to the principle of Somali warfare to take life. The maxim of the tribesmen is: “ Covet your neighbour’s wife ; seize his ox or his ass or camel ; wreck his happy home generally ; but avoid bloodshed.”
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According to Angus
Hamilton, Cali Xaaji Axmed Aaden Suji was the highest ranked commander in the Dervish ranks in 1903, calling Ali Suji the dervish "first lieutenant". Angus also states that due to ALi Suji's high rank, Yusuf Ali Kenadid targeted Ali Suji rather than the Mullah:
241:
Yusuf Ali was not a lineal descendant of the previous dynasties that governed over northeastern
Somalia. He independently amassed his own fortune, and would later evolve into a skilled military leader commanding more senior troops. "Kenadid" was not his
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husband's absence included maintaining the extant commercial transactions with the local population, collecting debts, securing loans, and safeguarding merchandise stock that had been acquired during previous journeys.
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In this it seemed that the flocks and herds of Yusuf Ali were the object of the Mullah’s attacks, so, by way of reprisals, the followers of the old Sheikh retaliated on the camels of the Mullah’s first lieutenant,
365:, the heir apparent to his throne. However, unlike the southern territories, the northern sultanates were not subject to direct rule due to the earlier treaties they had signed with the Italians.
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Angus
Hamilton, 1911, p. 232 "... so, by way of reprisals, the followers of the old Sheikh retaliated on the camels of the Mullah’s first lieutenant, Ali Suji"
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However, the relationship between Obbia
Sultanate and Italy soured when Sultan Kenadid refused the Italians' proposal to allow a
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fight was on the horizon yet not yet underway the colonizers machine gunned the
Dervishes with an automatic firearm
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Although in the early 1903 Ali Suji headed the dervish army, prior to the Ruuga battle he headed Dervish cavalry:
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Dalla tribĂą allo Stato nella Somalia nord-orientale: il caso sei Sultanati di Hobiyo e Majeerteen, 1880-1930
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Patricians of the Benaadir: Islamic Learning, Commerce and Somali Urban Identity in the Nineteenth Century
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contingent of troops to disembark in his Sultanate so that they might then pursue their battle against
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forces. Viewed as too much of a threat by the Italians, Sultan Kenadid was eventually exiled to
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Yusuf Ali Kenadid was born into the Bah Yaaqub (part of the larger Bah Dirooble) branch of the
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geliyey asaan wali la isu jilib dhigin, ayaa gaalkii girligaan Daraawiishta ku afuufay
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This article is about The founder of Hobyo sultanate. For his son and successor, see
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Poetry in Somali politics: the case of Sayyid Maḥammad A̓bdille Ḥassan, Volume 2
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Khadija Mohammed Hassan, Dahabo Islaan Aadan, Khadija, Awrala, Faduumo
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ambassadors to promote both the sultanates' and their own interests.
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The Collapse of the Somali State: The Impact of the Colonial Legacy
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Initially, Kenadid's goal was to seize control of the neighboring
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Hess, Robert L. (1964). "The 'Mad Mullah' and Northern Somalia".
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607:. Edizioni Università di Trieste (EUT). 2004. pp. 113–114.
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The Alphabet: A Key to the History of Mankind, Volume 1
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Divine madness: Moḥammed ʻAbdulle Ḥassan (1856-1920)
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287:(Migiurtinia), which was then ruled by his cousin
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560:Corpo di stato maggiore, Ufficio storico (1938).
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62:April 1878 – 28 September 1911
16:Sultan of Hobyo (r. 1878–1911)
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42:Painting of Yusuf Ali Kenadid
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222:family. He is the father of
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805:Ethnic Somali people
285:Majeerteen Sultanate
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161:Ahmed Yusuf Kenadiid
109:Majeerteen Sultanate
71:Monarchy established
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153:Muse Yusuf Kenadid,
149:Osman Yusuf Kenadid
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463:2021-04-01
307:musketeers
217:Majeerteen
632::416–417)
363:Ali Yusuf
255:Ali Yusuf
77:Successor
736:(1996).
587:9 August
545:9 August
413:See also
381:Ali Suji
369:Ali Suji
304:Hadhrami
166:Religion
83:(prince)
620::34–35)
424:Burhaan
359:Eritrea
351:Dervish
339:British
244:surname
228:Osmanya
105:Caluula
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277:, and
207:Family
193:Sultan
190:Somali
182:Somali
127:Spouse
49:Sultan
653::129)
440:Notes
333:Exile
296:Yemen
289:Boqor
220:Darod
170:Islam
136:Issue
59:Reign
53:Hobyo
765:ISBN
744:ISBN
671:ISBN
589:2014
547:2014
522:2014
509:ISBN
355:Aden
115:Died
99:1837
95:1837
92:Born
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